Koṭärt terms that indicate people, beings, things, places, phenomena, qualities or ideas.

[[Category:Koṭärt lemmas]]

Category:Koṭärt lemmas

2025-04-12T09:46:20Z

Ākśśau wë Tlyauñi: new

[[Koṭärt]] lemmas, categorised by their part of speech

[[Category:Koṭärt language]]

Koṭärt

2025-03-26T21:09:44Z

Ākśśau wë Tlyauñi: /* Phonology */

{{privatelang}}

(This page is heavily a WIP, article on Frathwiki is coming soon too)

{{Infobox language
|name=Koṭärt
|nativename=Koṭärt
|pronunciation=ko̞ˈʈæɹt
|pronunciation_key=IPA for Koṭärt
|creator=Hyacinth
|setting=
Paukaṣṣat
* Lakkāl
|created=c. 2023-2024
|ethnicity=Ṃkṛkoṭärt, Śätst, etc.
|familycolor=unclassified
|fam1=Kotartian (placeholder name)
|ancestor=Proto-Kotartian
|ancestor2=Proto-Koṭärt
|ancestor3=Archaic Old Koṭärt
|ancestor4=Mainlands Old Koṭärt
|stand1=Koṭärt-Weśte Standard Academic dialect
|dia1=Koṭärt dialect cluster
|dia2=Koṭärt-Western dialect cluster
|dia3=Weśte dialect cluster
|dia4=Central dialect cluster
|dia5=Northern dialect cluster
|dia6=Southern Koṭärt
|dia7=Eastern-Insular dialect cluster
|notice=ipa
|clcr=
|brcl=
}}

[[Koṭärt]] or rarely [[Koṭärt|Kotartian]] ([[w:Endonym|endonym]]: ''Koṭärt'' [[IPA for Koṭärt|/ko̞ˈʈæɹt/]], ''lyāpṣmä wë Koṭärt'' [[IPA for Koṭärt|/ʎɑːpˈʂmæ wə ko̞ˈʈæɹt/]], or ''Koṭärtlyap'' [[IPA for Koṭärt|/ko̞ʈæɹˈc͡ʎ̝̊ap/]]) is an artificial language created by David “Hyacinth” for a conworld project. It is a most commonly spoken, literary, and academic language in the land of ''Lakkāl'', thus it also serves as a [[w:lingua franca|lingua franca]] between various communes. It's still in development.

==History==

WIP

==Phonology==

===Consonants===

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
|-
|+ Consonant inventory (Standard dialect)
! colspan=1 rowspan=1 |
! colspan=1| [[w:Labial consonant|Labial]]
! colspan=1| [[Alveolar consonant|Alveolar]]
! colspan=1| [[w:Retroflex consonant|Retroflex]]
! colspan=1| [[w:Palatal consonant|Palatal]]
! colspan=1| [[w:Velar consonant|Velar]]
! colspan=1| [[w:Glottal consonant|Glottal]] 
|-
! rowspan=1| [[w:Stop consonant|Plosive]]
| [[w:Voiceless bilabial plosive|p]]
| [[w:Voiceless alveolar plosive|t]]
| [[w:Voiceless retroflex plosive|ʈ]]
| [[w:Voiceless palatal plosive|c]]~[[w:Palatalization|k̟ʲ]]
| [[w:Voiceless velar plosive|k]]
| ([[w:Glottal stop|ʔ]])
|-
! rowspan=1| [[w:Nasal consonant|Nasal]]
| [[w:Voiced bilabial nasal|m]]
| [[w:Voiced dental, alveolar and postalveolar nasals|n]]
| [[w:Voiced retroflex nasal|ɳ]]
| [[w:Voiced palatal nasal|ɲ]]
| [[w:Voiced velar nasal|ŋ]]
|
|-
!rowspan=1| [[w:Fricative consonant|Fricative]]
|
| [[w:Voiceless alveolar fricative|s]]
| [[w:Voiceless retroflex fricative|ʂ]]
| [[w:Voiceless alveolo-palatal fricative|ɕ]]
| ([[w:Voiced velar fricative|ɣ]])
|
|-
!rowspan=1| [[w:Affricate consonant|Affricate]]
|
| [[w:Voiceless alveolar affricate|t͡s]]
| [[w:Voiceless retroflex affricate|ʈ͡ʂ]]
| [[w:Voiceless alveolo-palatal affricate|t͡ɕ]]
|
|
|-
!rowspan=1| [[w:Lateral affricate|Lateral Affricate]]
|
| [[w:Voiceless alveolar lateral affricate|t͡ɬ]]
|
| [[w:Voiceless palatal lateral affricate|c͡ʎ̝̊]]
|
|
|-
!rowspan=1| [[w:Approximant consonant|Approximant]]
| [[w:Voiced labial–velar approximant|w]]
| [[w:Voiced alveolar approximant|ɹ]]
|([[w:Voiced retroflex approximant|ɻ]])
| [[w:Voiced palatal approximant|j]]
| [[w:Voiced velar approximant|ɰ]]
|
|-
! rowspan=1| [[w:Lateral consonant|Lateral Approximant]]
|
| [[w:Voiced alveolar lateral approximant|l]]
| [[w:Voiced retroflex lateral approximant|ɭ]]
| [[w:Voiced palatal lateral approximant|ʎ]]
|
|
|-
! rowspan=1| [[w:Tap and flap consonants|Flap]]
|
|
|[[w:Voiced retroflex flap|ɽ]]
|
|
|
|-
|}

Notes: 
* Certain consonants can be prolonged, and some plosives can be pronounced with no audible release at the end of words (with the following word starting with a consonant) or in the clusters in the syllable's coda.
* The pronunciation of /[[w:Voiceless palatal plosive|c]]~[[w:Palatalization|k̟ʲ]]/ varies, the forms [‌[[w:Voiceless palatal plosive|c]]‌], [‌[[w:Palatalization|k̟ʲ]]‌] and [c̠] oftenly coexist and are dependent on the speaker. Historically it derives from Old Koṭärt /[[w:Palatalization|kʲ]]/
* [‌[[w:Voiced retroflex approximant|ɻ]]‌] is usually an [[w:Allophone|allophone]] of /[[w:Voiced alveolar approximant|ɹ]]/ around retroflex consonants. However some speakers always pronounce /ɹ/ as [ɻ].
* [‌[[w:Voiced velar fricative|ɣ]]‌] is an allophone of /[[w:Voiced velar approximant|ɰ]]/ when followed by /i/ or /y/. /ɰ/ is a result of a sound change from Old Koṭärt to Modern Koṭärt and appears in a Koṭärt-Weśte Standard dialect, as an example.
* /[[w:Voiced velar nasal|ŋ]]/ is realized variously and can also be an allophone of /[[w:Voiced alveolar nasal|n]]/. Around vowels (/Vŋ/) it is pronounced simply as a nasalized vowel ([Ṽ]), however when followed by a velar plosive it is usually pronounced as a standalone consonant with preceding vowel nasalized ([Ṽŋk]). Rarely, whenever /ŋ/ is in the consonant cluster, following /t/, it is usually realized as /t/ with [[w:Nasal release|Nasal release]]: [tⁿ].
* [[w:Glottal stop|Glottal stop]] is not a phoneme in Koṭärt, but it may sometimes appear in speech, e.g. in the beginning of words which start with vowel to put emphasis or to avoid [[w:Vowel hiatus|hiatus]].

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
|+ '''Romanization for Consonants'''
! Letter !! [[w:International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]] !! Letter !! [[w:International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]]
|-
| [[w:P|p]] || /[[IPA for Koṭärt|p]]‌/ || [[w:S|s]] || /[[IPA for Koṭärt|s]]‌/
|-
| [[w:T|t]] || /[[IPA for Koṭärt|t]]‌/ || [[w:Latin Extended Additional|ṣ]] || /[[IPA for Koṭärt|ʂ]]‌/
|-
| [[w:Latin Extended Additional|ḳ]] || /[[IPA for Koṭärt|c~k̟ʲ]]‌/ || [[w:Ś|ś]] || /[[IPA for Koṭärt|ɕ]]‌/
|-
| [[w:K|k]] || /[[IPA for Koṭärt|k]]‌/ || [[w:Ts (digraph)|ts]] || /[[IPA for Koṭärt|t͡s]]‌/
|-
| [[w:M|m]] || /[[IPA for Koṭärt|m]]‌/ || [[w:C|c]] || /[[IPA for Koṭärt|ʈ͡ʂ]]‌/
|-
| [[w:N|n]] || /[[IPA for Koṭärt|n]]‌/ || [[w:Ć|ć]] || /[[IPA for Koṭärt|t͡ɕ]]‌/
|-
| [[w:Latin Extended Additional|ṇ]] || /[[IPA for Koṭärt|ɳ]]‌/ || [[w:List of Latin-script digraphs|tl]] || /[[IPA for Koṭärt|t͡ɬ]]‌/
|-
| [[w:Ñ|ñ]] || /[[IPA for Koṭärt|ɲ]]‌/ || [[w:List of Latin-script trigraphs|tly]] || /[[IPA for Koṭärt|c͡ʎ̝̊]]‌/
|-
| [[w:Latin Extended Additional|ṃ]] || /[[IPA for Koṭärt|ŋ]]‌/¹ || [[w:W|w]] || /[[IPA for Koṭärt|w]]‌/²
|-
| [[w:Latin Extended Additional|ṛ]] || /[[IPA for Koṭärt|ɽ]]‌/ || [[w:R|r]] || /[[IPA for Koṭärt|ɹ]]‌/
|-
| [[w:Y|y]] || /[[IPA for Koṭärt|j]]‌/³ || [[w:G|g]] || /[[IPA for Koṭärt|ɰ]]‌/
|-
| [[w:L|l]] || /[[IPA for Koṭärt|l]]‌/ || [[w:Latin Extended Additional|ḷ]] || /[[IPA for Koṭärt|ɭ]]‌/
|-
| [[w:List of Latin-script digraphs|ly]] || /[[IPA for Koṭärt|ʎ]]‌/ || [[w:List of Latin-script digraphs|wy]] || /[[IPA for Koṭärt|jː]]‌/⁴
|-
|}

Notes: 
¹ – The ⟨ṃ⟩ represents the phonetic /ŋ/, meaning it also indicates vowel nasalization 
² – ⟨u⟩ as a semivowel in diphthongs 
³ – ⟨i⟩ as a semivowel in diphthongs 
⁴ – The digraph ⟨wy⟩ represents [jː], historically pronounced as [wj] 

===Vowels===
Vowels in Koṭärt are more complicated than consonants. It differentiates [[w:Vowel length|long]] and short [[w:Monopthong|monophthongs]], with long vowels being phonologically different vowels than short ones. This is a because of sound changes that resulted in a vowel shift. There are also many diphthongs. The vowels operate within [[w:Umlaut|umlaut]] and [[w:Ablaut|ablaut]] systems, see [[Koṭärt#Phonetics|Phonetics]] part for explanation.

All vowels can be nasalized, in romanization it's represented as ⟨Vṃ⟩.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
|-
|+ Short monophthongs
! colspan=1 rowspan=1 |
! colspan=1|'''[[w:Front vowel|Front]]
! colspan=1|'''[[w:Central vowel|Central]]
! colspan=1|'''[[w:Back vowel|Back]]
|-
! rowspan=1|'''[[w:Close vowel|Close]]'''
| [[w:Close front unrounded vowel|i]] [[w:Close front rounded vowel|y]]
| ([[w:Close central unrounded vowel|ɨ]])
| [[w:Close back rounded vowel|u]]
|-
! rowspan=1|'''[[w:Close-mid vowel|Close-mid]]'''
|
| ([[w:Close-mid central rounded vowel|ɵ]])
|
|-
! rowspan=1|'''[[w:Mid vowel|Mid]]'''
| [[w:Mid front unrounded vowel|e̞]] [[w:Mid front rounded vowel|ø̞]]
| [[w:Mid central vowel|ə]] ([[w:Mid central rounded vowel|ɵ̞]])
| [[w:Mid back rounded vowel|o̞]]
|-
! rowspan=1|'''[[w:Open-mid vowel|Open-mid]]'''
|
| ([[w:Open-mid central unrounded vowel|ɜ]])
|
|-
! rowspan=1|'''[[w:Near-open vowel|Near-open]]'''
| [[w:Near-open front unrounded vowel|æ]]
| [[w:Near-open central vowel|ɐ]]
|
|-
! rowspan=1|'''[[w:Open vowel|Open]]'''
| [[w:Open front unrounded vowel|a]]
|
|
|-
|}

Notes: 
* /[[w:Mid front rounded vowel|ø̞]]/ can have different phonological values, depending on a dialect, and even speaker's idiolect (just as certain aforementioned nuances with some consonants), it may be realised as [‌[[w:Mid front rounded vowel|ø̞]]‌], [‌[[w:Close-mid central rounded vowel|ɵ]]‌], or [‌[[w:Mid central rounded vowel|ɵ̞]]‌].
* [‌[[w:Mid central vowel|ə]]‌] is an allophone of /[[w:Open front unrounded vowel|a]]/ when unstressed, however [‌[[w:Near-open central vowel|ɐ]]‌] is an unstressed allophone of /a/ as well, but in two-syllable words and when it precedes a stressed syllable in a multisyllable word. For example, ''ṣtaṃśau'' [‌[[IPA for Koṭärt|ʂtɐ̃ˈɕaʊ̯̈]]‌].
* [‌[[w:Open-mid central unrounded vowel|ɜ]]‌] is a stressed allophone of /[[w:Mid central vowel|ə]]/, however some put stress on /[[w:Mid central vowel|ə]]/ nonetheless.
* [‌[[w:Close central unrounded vowel|ɨ]]‌] is an allophone of /[[w:Close front unrounded vowel|i]]/ when it follows a retroflex consonant.
* If a vowel that isn't open or near-open is followed by a [[w:Rhotic consonant|rhotic]], then it's not infrequent to be pronounced as a [[w: R-colored vowel|r-colored vowel]].

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
|-
|+ Long monophthongs
! colspan=1 rowspan=1 |
! colspan=1|'''[[w:Front vowel|Front]]
! colspan=1|[[w:Near-front vowel|Near-front]]
! colspan=1|'''[[w:Central vowel|Central]]'''
! colspan=1|[[w:Near-back vowel|Near-back]]
! colspan=1|'''[[w:Back vowel|Back]]'''
|-
! rowspan=1|'''[[w:Close vowel|Close]]'''
| [[w:Close front rounded vowel|yː]]
|
|
|
|
|-
! rowspan=1|'''[[w:Near-close vowel|Near-close]]'''
|
| [[w:Near-close near-front unrounded vowel|ɪː]]
|
| [[w:Near-close near-back rounded vowel|ʊː]]
|
|-
! rowspan=1|'''[[w:Open-mid vowel|Open-mid]]'''
| [[w:Open-mid front unrounded vowel|ɛː]] [[w:Open-mid front rounded vowel|œː]]
|
| [[w:Open-mid central unrounded vowel|ɜː]]
|
| [[w:Open-mid back rounded vowel|ɔː]]
|-
! rowspan=1|[[w:Near-open vowel|Near-open]]
|
|
|
|
| [[w:Open back unrounded vowel|ʌ̞ː]]
|-
! rowspan=1|[[w:Open vowel|Open]]
|
|
|
|
| [[w:Open back unrounded vowel|ɑː]]
|-
|}

Long vowels are pronounced with a length of two [[w:Mora|morae]]. Elongation plays a role in morphology and semantics of words.

==Phonetics==

WIP

==Phonotactics==

WIP

==Syntax==

WIP

==Grammar==

WIP

==Morphology==

WIP

==Orthography==

WIP

==Lexicon==

WIP

==Notes==

==Links==

[[Category:Conlangs]]
[[Category:Artlangs]]
[[Category:A priori]]
[[Category:Agglutinative languages]]