Linguifex - User contributions [en]

Gutisch Razde

2026-04-01T02:20:43Z

Aelfwine:

{{WIP}}

Gutisch Razde, or simply Gutisch (Cyrillic: '''гутиш''') is a Germanic language spoken by approximately 45,000 people on the southern coast of the Crimean Peninsula. It is an East Germanic language, closely related to Biblical Gothic, however the language is not a lineal descendant of Biblical Gothic. Nonetheless the speakers refer to themselves as "Goths" and their language still shares enough similarities with Gothic to be considered related. The language is critically endangered, with only a handful of native speakers remaining, with most acquiring the language as an L2.

== Phonology ==

=== Consonants ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
!
! Labial !! Dental !! Alveolar !! Palatal !! Velar
|-
! Nasal
| m || || n || || ŋ
|-
! Plosive
| p b || || t d || t͡ʃ || k *g
|-
! Fricative
| f v || θ || s z || ʃ || x ɣ
|-
! Liquid
| || || r l || ||
|-
! Approximant
| w || || || j ||
|}

*In loanwords only

The vowel inventory of Gutisch is rather small for a Germanic language: it hosts only six different kinds of vowels, five of which can be lengthened.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
|+ Vowel phonemes of Gutisch Razde
! !! Front !! Central !! Back
|-
! Close
| i iː || || u uː
|-
! Mid
| e eː || ə* || ɔ ɔː
|-
! Open
| || a aː ||
|}

*In unstressed syllables only

== Nouns ==

=== Strong Masculine Stems ===

The largest category of nouns in Gutisch are the strong masculine nouns. They derive from the masculine Proto-Germanic a-, i-, and u-stems, as well as a handful of consonant stems. Example of a weak masculine stem noun, ''dachs'' (day):

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
! Case !! Singular !! Plural
|-
! Nominative
| dachs || dages
|-
! Accusative
| dach || dagens
|-
! Dative
| dage || dagem
|-
! Genitive
| dages || dage
|-
|}

=== Weak Masculine Stems ===

Weak masculine stems are inherited exclusively from Proto-Germanic an-stem masculine nouns. Example of a weak masculine stem noun, ''miene'' (moon):

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
! Case !! Singular !! Plural
|-
! Nominative
| miene || mienens
|-
! Accusative
| miene || mienens
|-
! Dative
| mienen || mienem
|-
! Genitive
| mienens || mienene
|-
|}

=== Strong Feminine Stems ===

Strong feminine stems are made up of former Proto-Germanic ō-, ī- and jō-stem feminine nouns. Example of a strong feminine stem noun, ''razde'' (language):

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
! Case !! Singular !! Plural
|-
! Nominative
| razde || razdes
|-
! Accusative
| razde || razdes
|-
! Dative
| razde || razdem
|-
! Genitive
| razdes || razde
|-
|}

=== Weak Feminine Stems ===

Weak feminine stems are made up of former Proto-Germanic ōn- and in-stem feminine nouns. Example of a weak feminine stem noun, ''tunge'' (tongue):

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
! Case !! Singular !! Plural
|-
! Nominative
| tunge || tungens
|-
! Accusative
| tungen || tungens
|-
! Dative
| tungen || tungem
|-
! Genitive
| tungens || tungene
|-
|}

=== Strong Neuter Stems ===

Strong neuter stems are made up of former Proto-Germanic a- and u-stem neuters. Example of a strong neuter stem noun, ''broeth'' (bread):

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
! Case !! Singular !! Plural
|-
! Nominative
| broeth || broede
|-
! Accusative
| broeth || broede
|-
! Dative
| broede || broedem
|-
! Genitive
| broedes || broede
|-
|}

=== Weak Neuter Stems ===

Mariupol Gothic weak neuter stems are inherited exclusively from Proto-Germanic an-stem neuters. Example of a weak neuter stem noun, ''oege''* (eye):

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
! Case !! Singular !! Plural
|-
! Nominative
| oege || oegene
|-
! Accusative
| oege || oegene
|-
! Dative
| oegen || oegem
|-
! Genitive
| oegens || oegene
|-
|}

Gutisch Razde

2026-03-31T16:30:12Z

Aelfwine:

{{WIP}}

Gutisch Razde, or simply Gutisch (Cyrillic: '''гутиш''') is a Germanic language spoken by approximately 45,000 people on the southern coast of the Crimean Peninsula. It is an East Germanic language, closely related to Biblical Gothic, however the language is not a lineal descendant of Biblical Gothic. Nonetheless the speakers refer to themselves as "Goths" and their language still shares enough similarities with Gothic to be considered related. The language is critically endangered, with only a handful of native speakers remaining, with most acquiring the language as an L2.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
!
! Labial !! Dental !! Alveolar !! Palatal !! Velar
|-
! Nasal
| m || || n || || ŋ
|-
! Plosive
| p b || || t d || t͡ʃ || k *g
|-
! Fricative
| f v || θ || s z || ʃ || x ɣ
|-
! Liquid
| || || r l || ||
|-
! Approximant
| w || || || j ||
|}

*In loanwords only

The vowels of Gutisch are unusual for

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
|+ Vowel phonemes of Mariupol Gothic
! !! Front !! Central !! Back
|-
! Close
| i iː || || u uː
|-
! Mid
| e eː || ə* || ɔ ɔː
|-
! Open
| || a aː ||
|}

*In unstressed syllables only

== Nouns ==

=== Strong Masculine Stems ===

The largest category of nouns in Gutisch are the strong masculine nouns. They derive from the masculine Proto-Germanic a-, i-, and u-stems, as well as a handful of consonant stems. Example of a weak masculine stem noun, ''dachs'' (day):

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
! Case !! Singular !! Plural
|-
! Nominative
| dachs || dages
|-
! Accusative
| dach || dagens
|-
! Dative
| dage || dagem
|-
! Genitive
| dages || dage
|-
|}

=== Weak Masculine Stems ===

Weak masculine stems are inherited exclusively from Proto-Germanic an-stem masculine nouns. Example of a weak masculine stem noun, ''miene'' (moon):

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
! Case !! Singular !! Plural
|-
! Nominative
| miene || mienens
|-
! Accusative
| miene || mienens
|-
! Dative
| mienen || mienem
|-
! Genitive
| mienens || mienene
|-
|}

=== Strong Feminine Stems ===

Strong feminine stems are made up of former Proto-Germanic ō-, ī- and jō-stem feminine nouns. Example of a strong feminine stem noun, ''razde'' (language):

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
! Case !! Singular !! Plural
|-
! Nominative
| razde || razdes
|-
! Accusative
| razde || razdes
|-
! Dative
| razde || razdem
|-
! Genitive
| razdes || razde
|-
|}

=== Weak Feminine Stems ===

Weak feminine stems are made up of former Proto-Germanic ōn- and in-stem feminine nouns. Example of a weak feminine stem noun, ''tunge'' (tongue):

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
! Case !! Singular !! Plural
|-
! Nominative
| tunge || tungens
|-
! Accusative
| tungen || tungens
|-
! Dative
| tungen || tungem
|-
! Genitive
| tungens || tungene
|-
|}

=== Strong Neuter Stems ===

Strong neuter stems are made up of former Proto-Germanic a- and u-stem neuters. Example of a strong neuter stem noun, ''broeth'' (bread):

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
! Case !! Singular !! Plural
|-
! Nominative
| broeth || broede
|-
! Accusative
| broeth || broede
|-
! Dative
| broede || broedem
|-
! Genitive
| broedes || broede
|-
|}

Gutisch Razde

2026-03-31T15:53:22Z

Aelfwine: Created page with "{{WIP}} Gutisch Razde, or simply Gutisch (Cyrillic: '''гутиш''') is a Germanic language spoken by approximately 45,000 people on the southern coast of the Crimean Peninsula. It is an East Germanic language, closely related to Biblical Gothic, however the language is not a lineal descendant of Biblical Gothic. Nonetheless the speakers refer to themselves as "Goths" and their language still shares enough similarities with Gothic to be considered related. The language..."

Mariupol Gothic

2026-02-27T18:30:43Z

Aelfwine:

Mariupol Gothic

2026-02-27T17:03:18Z

Aelfwine: /* Historical Development */

Mariupol Gothic

2026-02-05T03:38:34Z

Aelfwine: /* Historical Development */

{{Infobox language
|image =
|imagesize =
|imagecaption =
|name = Mariupol Gothic
|nativename = Гутишка (Gutiškă)
|pronunciation = 'ɦutɪʃkə
|states = Ukraine
|setting = Earth
|created = 2019
|familycolor = Indo-European
|fam2 = [[w:Germanic languages|Germanic]]
|fam3 = [[w:East Germanic languages|East Germanic]]
|fam4 =
|fam5 =
|creator = User:Aelfwine
|stand1 =
|dia1 =
|dia2 =
|dia3 =
|script1 = Cyrl
|script2 = Latn
|script3 =
|script4 =
|nation =
|minority = Ukraine, Russia
|agency =
|map =
|mapsize =
|mapcaption =
|notice = IPA
|ethnicity =
|ancestor = [[w:Proto-Indo-European language|Proto-Indo-European]]
|ancestor2 = [[w:Proto-Germanic language|Proto-Germanic]]
|ancestor3 = Old Gothic
|ancestor4 = Middle Gothic
|ancestor5 =
}}

'''Mariupol Gothic''' (natively '''Гутишка ''Gutiškă''''' ['ɦutɪʃkə]) or '''Gothish''' is a Germanic language spoken by approximately 45,000 people on the northern coast of the Sea of Azov. It is an East Germanic language, closely related to Biblical Gothic, however the language is not a lineal descendant of Biblical Gothic. Nonetheless the speakers of Mariupol Gothic refer to themselves as "Goths" and their language still shares enough similarities with Gothic to be considered related. The language is critically endangered, with only a handful of native speakers remaining, with most acquiring the language as an L2.

== History ==

The history of the Goths in Ukraine begins with the Ostrogothic settlement of the Black Sea in the 4th century. Along with the Greeks, Alans, Bulgars and others, they made up part of the population in Crimea that followed Orthodox Christianity and were incorporated into the Byzantine Empire as the Principality of Theodoro. After the secession of the principality in the 13th century, Theodoro was overrun by the Mongols and became a vassal of the Golden Horde. The principality enjoyed a period of peace until the Ottoman Empire annexed its capital city of Mangup in 1475.

The Goths managed to maintain their culture and language throughout Ottoman occupation, however a great number of them converted to Islam and assimilated into the Crimean Tatars. During her reign, Catharine the Great invited the Christian Crimean Goths to settle recently conquered lands north of the Sea of Azov. There they were given a special protective status within the Russian Empire and were exempt from the draft.

During World War II many Goths were expelled to various oblasts in Siberia to work as slave labour for the Soviet war machine. Like the Germans in the USSR, the Goths were feared to be sympathetic to the Nazis and therefore were persecuted heavily during World War II. While some Goths returned to the Black Sea after the war, many others had emigrated abroad to countries such as Brazil and Argentina.

== Historical Development ==

=== Classical Gothic (c. 400–800) ===

* Loss of initial /h/ in all positions.
** ''handu'' → ''andu'' "hand"
** ''hūs'' → ''ūs'' "house"
* Simplification of geminate consonants.
** /tt kk ss/ → /t k s/
** ''sittan'' → ''sitan'' “to sit”
* Raising of long mid vowels.
** /eː/ → /iː/
*** ''dēdan'' → ''dīdan'' “to do”
** /oː/ → /uː/
*** ''bōks'' → ''būks'' “book”
* Short vowels remained unchanged during this stage.

==== Early Middle Gothic (c. 800–1200) ====

* Palatalization of velar consonants before front vowels.
** /k/ → /t͡ʃ/
*** ''mikils'' → /mit͡ʃils/ “big”
** /g/ → /j/
*** ''giban'' → /jiban/ "to give"
* Reduction of unstressed non-high vowels.
** /a e o/ → [ə] in unstressed syllables
*** ''sunō'' → ''sunə'' “sons”
* Fronting of /β/
** /β/ → /v/
*** /jiban/ → /jivan/ "to give"

==== Late Middle Gothic (after c. 1200) ====

* Lowering of short /i/.
** /i/ → /ɪ/
* Loss of vowel length contrast.
** Long and short vowels merged, with /ɪ/ remaining distinct from /i/.
*** ''dīdan'' → ''didan'' “to do”
*** ''mikils'' → /mɪt͡ʃəls/ “big”
** /uː u/ → /u/
*** ''būks'' → ''buks'' “book”
* Loss of word-final high vowels.
** Final /i u/ → ∅
*** ''suni'' → ''sun'' "son"
*** ''andu'' → ''and'' "hand"
* General weakening of /g/ in all positions.
** /g/ → /ɣ/ → /ɦ/
*** ''dag'' → /daɦ/ “day”

==== Modern Gothic (c. 1600 onwards) ====

* Word-final obstruent devoicing.
** /b d z v ɦ/ → [p t s f h] word-finally
*** /daɦ/ → [dah] “day”
* Secondary palatalization of dental consonants and affricates before front vowels.
** /t d s z n r l t͡ʃ/ → [Cʲ] / _ {i, e}
*** ''nі'' → [nʲi] “not”

== Orthography ==

Since the 1800s Mariupol Gothic has been written in a Cyrillic alphabet based off of the Ukrainian script. The Biblical Gothic alphabet is also used, but it has been mostly limited to the liturgy. However, the Biblical Gothic letter þiuþ <𐌸> was imported to represent the /θ/ sound, it takes a form identical to that of Cyrillic psi.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
|+ Orthography of Mariupol Gothic
! Cyrillic !! Latin !! Phoneme !! Notes
|-
| а || a || /a/ || Also represents unstressed /ə/
|-
| б || b || /b/ ||
|-
| в || w || /v/ ||
|-
| г || h || /ɦ/ ||
|-
| ґ || g || /g/ || Mostly loanwords
|-
| д || d || /d/ ||
|-
| е || e || /e/ || Also represents unstressed /ə/
|-
| є || je || /je/ ||
|-
| з || z || /z/ ||
|-
| и || ĭ / ï || /ɪ/ || Often written ''i'' in non-scholarly Latin
|-
| i || i || /i/ ||
|-
| ї || ji || /ji/ || Can also represent /jɪ/
|-
| й || j || /j/ ||
|-
| к || k || /k/ ||
|-
| л || l || /l/ ||
|-
| м || m || /m/ ||
|-
| н || n || /n/ ||
|-
| о || o || /o/ || Also represents unstressed /ə/
|-
| п || p || /p/ ||
|-
| р || r || /r/ ||
|-
| с || s || /s/ ||
|-
| т || t || /t/ ||
|-
| у || u || /u/ ||
|-
| ф || f || /f/ ||
|-
| ѱ || þ || /θ/ || Inherited from Gothic ''𐌸''
|-
| ч || č || /t͡ʃ/ ||
|-
| ш || š || /ʃ/ ||
|-
| ю || ju || /ju/ ||
|-
| я || ja || /ja/ ||
|}

== Phonology ==

=== Consonants ===

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
|+ Consonant phonemes of Mariupol Gothic
! !! Bilabial !! Labiodental !! Dental !! Alveolar !! Postalveolar !! Palatal !! Velar !! Glottal
|-
! Plosive
| p b || || || t d || || || k (g) ||
|-
! Fricative
| || f v || θ || s z || ʃ || || || ɦ
|-
! Affricate
| || || || || t͡ʃ || || ||
|-
! Nasal
| m || || || n || || || ||
|-
! Approximant
| || || || r l || || j || ||
|}

* All consonants may undergo secondary palatalization [ʲ] before front vowels; this palatalization is allophonic and not phonemic.
* Word-final obstruents are devoiced phonetically but remain voiced phonemically.

=== Vowels ===

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
|+ Vowel phonemes of Mariupol Gothic
! !! Front !! Central !! Back
|-
! Close
| i || ɪ || u
|-
! Mid
| e || ə || o
|-
! Open
| || a ||
|}

* The vowel /ə/ occurs only as an allophone of unstressed /a e o/ and is not considered phonemic.

== Nouns ==

=== Masculine Stems ===

=== Strong Masculine Stems ===

Mariupol Gothic inanimate masculine stems are inherited exclusively from Proto-Germanic an-stem masculine nouns. Example of an inanimate masculine stem noun, '''мiна''' (moon):

=== Strong Feminine Stems ===

=== Weak Feminine Stems ===

=== Strong Neuter Stems ===

Gothish strong neuter stems are made up of former Proto-Germanic a- and u-stem neuters. Example of a strong neuter stem noun, '''брот''' (bread):

=== Weak Neuter Stems ===

== Adjectives ==

The adjectives have been greatly simplified since Proto-Germanic. They are divided into two different forms, strong and weak, and agree in case, number and gender with the noun they modify.

== Verbs ==

All verbs regardless of class share an infinitive ending in -eн.

The passive voice is formed with the past participle and the word геeн ''geen'' "to go."

== Lord's Prayer ==

Mariupol Gothic

2026-02-05T03:14:53Z

Aelfwine: /* Early Middle Gothic (c. 800–1200) */

{{Infobox language
|image =
|imagesize =
|imagecaption =
|name = Mariupol Gothic
|nativename = Гутишка (Gutiškă)
|pronunciation = 'ɦutɪʃkə
|states = Ukraine
|setting = Earth
|created = 2019
|familycolor = Indo-European
|fam2 = [[w:Germanic languages|Germanic]]
|fam3 = [[w:East Germanic languages|East Germanic]]
|fam4 =
|fam5 =
|creator = User:Aelfwine
|stand1 =
|dia1 =
|dia2 =
|dia3 =
|script1 = Cyrl
|script2 = Latn
|script3 =
|script4 =
|nation =
|minority = Ukraine, Russia
|agency =
|map =
|mapsize =
|mapcaption =
|notice = IPA
|ethnicity =
|ancestor = [[w:Proto-Indo-European language|Proto-Indo-European]]
|ancestor2 = [[w:Proto-Germanic language|Proto-Germanic]]
|ancestor3 = Old Gothic
|ancestor4 = Middle Gothic
|ancestor5 =
}}

'''Mariupol Gothic''' (natively '''Гутишка ''Gutiškă''''' ['ɦutɪʃkə]) or '''Gothish''' is a Germanic language spoken by approximately 45,000 people on the northern coast of the Sea of Azov. It is an East Germanic language, closely related to Biblical Gothic, however the language is not a lineal descendant of Biblical Gothic. Nonetheless the speakers of Mariupol Gothic refer to themselves as "Goths" and their language still shares enough similarities with Gothic to be considered related. The language is critically endangered, with only a handful of native speakers remaining, with most acquiring the language as an L2.

== History ==

The history of the Goths in Ukraine begins with the Ostrogothic settlement of the Black Sea in the 4th century. Along with the Greeks, Alans, Bulgars and others, they made up part of the population in Crimea that followed Orthodox Christianity and were incorporated into the Byzantine Empire as the Principality of Theodoro. After the secession of the principality in the 13th century, Theodoro was overrun by the Mongols and became a vassal of the Golden Horde. The principality enjoyed a period of peace until the Ottoman Empire annexed its capital city of Mangup in 1475.

The Goths managed to maintain their culture and language throughout Ottoman occupation, however a great number of them converted to Islam and assimilated into the Crimean Tatars. During her reign, Catharine the Great invited the Christian Crimean Goths to settle recently conquered lands north of the Sea of Azov. There they were given a special protective status within the Russian Empire and were exempt from the draft.

During World War II many Goths were expelled to various oblasts in Siberia to work as slave labour for the Soviet war machine. Like the Germans in the USSR, the Goths were feared to be sympathetic to the Nazis and therefore were persecuted heavily during World War II. While some Goths returned to the Black Sea after the war, many others had emigrated abroad to countries such as Brazil and Argentina.

== Historical Development ==

=== Classical Gothic (c. 400–800) ===

* Loss of initial /h/ in all positions.
** ''handu'' → ''andu''
** ''hūs'' → ''ūs''
* Simplification of geminate consonants.
** /tt kk ss/ → /t k s/
* Raising of long mid vowels.
** /eː/ → /iː/
** /oː/ → /uː/
* Short vowels remained unchanged during this stage.

==== Early Middle Gothic (c. 800–1200) ====

* Palatalization of velar consonants before front vowels.
** /k/ → /t͡ʃ/ (kin → t͡ʃin "chin")
** /g/ → /j/ (giβan → jiβan "to give")
* Reduction of unstressed non-high vowels.
** /a e o/ → [ə] in unstressed syllables
* Fronting of /β/
** /β/ → /v/ (jiβən → jivən)

==== Late Middle Gothic (after c. 1200) ====

* Lowering of short /i/.
** /i/ → /ɪ/
* Loss of vowel length contrast.
** Long and short vowels merged, with /ɪ/ remaining distinct from /i/.
* Loss of word-final high vowels.
* Final /i u/ → ∅
** ''suni'' → ''sun''
** ''andu'' → ''and''
* General weakening of /g/ in all positions.
** /g/ → /ɣ/ → /ɦ/

==== Modern Gothic (c. 1600 onwards) ====

* Word-final obstruent devoicing.
** /b d z v ɦ/ → [p t s f h] word-finally
* Secondary palatalization of dental consonants and affricates before front vowels.
** /t d s z n r l t͡ʃ/ → [Cʲ] / _ {i, e}

== Orthography ==

Since the 1800s Mariupol Gothic has been written in a Cyrillic alphabet based off of the Ukrainian script. The Biblical Gothic alphabet is also used, but it has been mostly limited to the liturgy. However, the Biblical Gothic letter þiuþ <𐌸> was imported to represent the /θ/ sound, it takes a form identical to that of Cyrillic psi.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
|+ Orthography of Mariupol Gothic
! Cyrillic !! Latin !! Phoneme !! Notes
|-
| а || a || /a/ || Also represents unstressed /ə/
|-
| б || b || /b/ ||
|-
| в || w || /v/ ||
|-
| г || h || /ɦ/ ||
|-
| ґ || g || /g/ || Mostly loanwords
|-
| д || d || /d/ ||
|-
| е || e || /e/ || Also represents unstressed /ə/
|-
| є || je || /je/ ||
|-
| з || z || /z/ ||
|-
| и || ĭ / ï || /ɪ/ || Often written ''i'' in non-scholarly Latin
|-
| i || i || /i/ ||
|-
| ї || ji || /ji/ || Can also represent /jɪ/
|-
| й || j || /j/ ||
|-
| к || k || /k/ ||
|-
| л || l || /l/ ||
|-
| м || m || /m/ ||
|-
| н || n || /n/ ||
|-
| о || o || /o/ || Also represents unstressed /ə/
|-
| п || p || /p/ ||
|-
| р || r || /r/ ||
|-
| с || s || /s/ ||
|-
| т || t || /t/ ||
|-
| у || u || /u/ ||
|-
| ф || f || /f/ ||
|-
| ѱ || þ || /θ/ || Inherited from Gothic ''𐌸''
|-
| ч || č || /t͡ʃ/ ||
|-
| ш || š || /ʃ/ ||
|-
| ю || ju || /ju/ ||
|-
| я || ja || /ja/ ||
|}

== Phonology ==

=== Consonants ===

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
|+ Consonant phonemes of Mariupol Gothic
! !! Bilabial !! Labiodental !! Dental !! Alveolar !! Postalveolar !! Palatal !! Velar !! Glottal
|-
! Plosive
| p b || || || t d || || || k (g) ||
|-
! Fricative
| || f v || θ || s z || ʃ || || || ɦ
|-
! Affricate
| || || || || t͡ʃ || || ||
|-
! Nasal
| m || || || n || || || ||
|-
! Approximant
| || || || r l || || j || ||
|}

* All consonants may undergo secondary palatalization [ʲ] before front vowels; this palatalization is allophonic and not phonemic.
* Word-final obstruents are devoiced phonetically but remain voiced phonemically.

=== Vowels ===

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
|+ Vowel phonemes of Mariupol Gothic
! !! Front !! Central !! Back
|-
! Close
| i || ɪ || u
|-
! Mid
| e || ə || o
|-
! Open
| || a ||
|}

* The vowel /ə/ occurs only as an allophone of unstressed /a e o/ and is not considered phonemic.

== Nouns ==

=== Masculine Stems ===

=== Strong Masculine Stems ===

Mariupol Gothic inanimate masculine stems are inherited exclusively from Proto-Germanic an-stem masculine nouns. Example of an inanimate masculine stem noun, '''мiна''' (moon):

=== Strong Feminine Stems ===

=== Weak Feminine Stems ===

=== Strong Neuter Stems ===

Gothish strong neuter stems are made up of former Proto-Germanic a- and u-stem neuters. Example of a strong neuter stem noun, '''брот''' (bread):

=== Weak Neuter Stems ===

== Adjectives ==

The adjectives have been greatly simplified since Proto-Germanic. They are divided into two different forms, strong and weak, and agree in case, number and gender with the noun they modify.

== Verbs ==

All verbs regardless of class share an infinitive ending in -eн.

The passive voice is formed with the past participle and the word геeн ''geen'' "to go."

== Lord's Prayer ==

Mariupol Gothic

2026-02-05T02:52:04Z

Aelfwine: /* Late Middle Gothic (after c. 1200) */

{{Infobox language
|image =
|imagesize =
|imagecaption =
|name = Mariupol Gothic
|nativename = Гутишка (Gutiškă)
|pronunciation = 'ɦutɪʃkə
|states = Ukraine
|setting = Earth
|created = 2019
|familycolor = Indo-European
|fam2 = [[w:Germanic languages|Germanic]]
|fam3 = [[w:East Germanic languages|East Germanic]]
|fam4 =
|fam5 =
|creator = User:Aelfwine
|stand1 =
|dia1 =
|dia2 =
|dia3 =
|script1 = Cyrl
|script2 = Latn
|script3 =
|script4 =
|nation =
|minority = Ukraine, Russia
|agency =
|map =
|mapsize =
|mapcaption =
|notice = IPA
|ethnicity =
|ancestor = [[w:Proto-Indo-European language|Proto-Indo-European]]
|ancestor2 = [[w:Proto-Germanic language|Proto-Germanic]]
|ancestor3 = Old Gothic
|ancestor4 = Middle Gothic
|ancestor5 =
}}

'''Mariupol Gothic''' (natively '''Гутишка ''Gutiškă''''' ['ɦutɪʃkə]) or '''Gothish''' is a Germanic language spoken by approximately 45,000 people on the northern coast of the Sea of Azov. It is an East Germanic language, closely related to Biblical Gothic, however the language is not a lineal descendant of Biblical Gothic. Nonetheless the speakers of Mariupol Gothic refer to themselves as "Goths" and their language still shares enough similarities with Gothic to be considered related. The language is critically endangered, with only a handful of native speakers remaining, with most acquiring the language as an L2.

== History ==

The history of the Goths in Ukraine begins with the Ostrogothic settlement of the Black Sea in the 4th century. Along with the Greeks, Alans, Bulgars and others, they made up part of the population in Crimea that followed Orthodox Christianity and were incorporated into the Byzantine Empire as the Principality of Theodoro. After the secession of the principality in the 13th century, Theodoro was overrun by the Mongols and became a vassal of the Golden Horde. The principality enjoyed a period of peace until the Ottoman Empire annexed its capital city of Mangup in 1475.

The Goths managed to maintain their culture and language throughout Ottoman occupation, however a great number of them converted to Islam and assimilated into the Crimean Tatars. During her reign, Catharine the Great invited the Christian Crimean Goths to settle recently conquered lands north of the Sea of Azov. There they were given a special protective status within the Russian Empire and were exempt from the draft.

During World War II many Goths were expelled to various oblasts in Siberia to work as slave labour for the Soviet war machine. Like the Germans in the USSR, the Goths were feared to be sympathetic to the Nazis and therefore were persecuted heavily during World War II. While some Goths returned to the Black Sea after the war, many others had emigrated abroad to countries such as Brazil and Argentina.

== Historical Development ==

=== Classical Gothic (c. 400–800) ===

* Loss of initial /h/ in all positions.
** ''handu'' → ''andu''
** ''hūs'' → ''ūs''
* Simplification of geminate consonants.
** /tt kk ss/ → /t k s/
* Raising of long mid vowels.
** /eː/ → /iː/
** /oː/ → /uː/
* Short vowels remained unchanged during this stage.

==== Early Middle Gothic (c. 800–1200) ====

* Palatalization of velar consonants before front vowels.
** /k/ → /t͡ʃ/
** /g/ → /j/
* Reduction of unstressed non-high vowels.
** /a e o/ → [ə] in unstressed syllables

==== Late Middle Gothic (after c. 1200) ====

* Lowering of short /i/.
** /i/ → /ɪ/
* Loss of vowel length contrast.
** Long and short vowels merged, with /ɪ/ remaining distinct from /i/.
* Loss of word-final high vowels.
* Final /i u/ → ∅
** ''suni'' → ''sun''
** ''andu'' → ''and''
* General weakening of /g/ in all positions.
** /g/ → /ɣ/ → /ɦ/

==== Modern Gothic (c. 1600 onwards) ====

* Word-final obstruent devoicing.
** /b d z v ɦ/ → [p t s f h] word-finally
* Secondary palatalization of dental consonants and affricates before front vowels.
** /t d s z n r l t͡ʃ/ → [Cʲ] / _ {i, e}

== Orthography ==

Since the 1800s Mariupol Gothic has been written in a Cyrillic alphabet based off of the Ukrainian script. The Biblical Gothic alphabet is also used, but it has been mostly limited to the liturgy. However, the Biblical Gothic letter þiuþ <𐌸> was imported to represent the /θ/ sound, it takes a form identical to that of Cyrillic psi.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
|+ Orthography of Mariupol Gothic
! Cyrillic !! Latin !! Phoneme !! Notes
|-
| а || a || /a/ || Also represents unstressed /ə/
|-
| б || b || /b/ ||
|-
| в || w || /v/ ||
|-
| г || h || /ɦ/ ||
|-
| ґ || g || /g/ || Mostly loanwords
|-
| д || d || /d/ ||
|-
| е || e || /e/ || Also represents unstressed /ə/
|-
| є || je || /je/ ||
|-
| з || z || /z/ ||
|-
| и || ĭ / ï || /ɪ/ || Often written ''i'' in non-scholarly Latin
|-
| i || i || /i/ ||
|-
| ї || ji || /ji/ || Can also represent /jɪ/
|-
| й || j || /j/ ||
|-
| к || k || /k/ ||
|-
| л || l || /l/ ||
|-
| м || m || /m/ ||
|-
| н || n || /n/ ||
|-
| о || o || /o/ || Also represents unstressed /ə/
|-
| п || p || /p/ ||
|-
| р || r || /r/ ||
|-
| с || s || /s/ ||
|-
| т || t || /t/ ||
|-
| у || u || /u/ ||
|-
| ф || f || /f/ ||
|-
| ѱ || þ || /θ/ || Inherited from Gothic ''𐌸''
|-
| ч || č || /t͡ʃ/ ||
|-
| ш || š || /ʃ/ ||
|-
| ю || ju || /ju/ ||
|-
| я || ja || /ja/ ||
|}

== Phonology ==

=== Consonants ===

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
|+ Consonant phonemes of Mariupol Gothic
! !! Bilabial !! Labiodental !! Dental !! Alveolar !! Postalveolar !! Palatal !! Velar !! Glottal
|-
! Plosive
| p b || || || t d || || || k (g) ||
|-
! Fricative
| || f v || θ || s z || ʃ || || || ɦ
|-
! Affricate
| || || || || t͡ʃ || || ||
|-
! Nasal
| m || || || n || || || ||
|-
! Approximant
| || || || r l || || j || ||
|}

* All consonants may undergo secondary palatalization [ʲ] before front vowels; this palatalization is allophonic and not phonemic.
* Word-final obstruents are devoiced phonetically but remain voiced phonemically.

=== Vowels ===

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
|+ Vowel phonemes of Mariupol Gothic
! !! Front !! Central !! Back
|-
! Close
| i || ɪ || u
|-
! Mid
| e || ə || o
|-
! Open
| || a ||
|}

* The vowel /ə/ occurs only as an allophone of unstressed /a e o/ and is not considered phonemic.

== Nouns ==

=== Masculine Stems ===

=== Strong Masculine Stems ===

Mariupol Gothic inanimate masculine stems are inherited exclusively from Proto-Germanic an-stem masculine nouns. Example of an inanimate masculine stem noun, '''мiна''' (moon):

=== Strong Feminine Stems ===

=== Weak Feminine Stems ===

=== Strong Neuter Stems ===

Gothish strong neuter stems are made up of former Proto-Germanic a- and u-stem neuters. Example of a strong neuter stem noun, '''брот''' (bread):

=== Weak Neuter Stems ===

== Adjectives ==

The adjectives have been greatly simplified since Proto-Germanic. They are divided into two different forms, strong and weak, and agree in case, number and gender with the noun they modify.

== Verbs ==

All verbs regardless of class share an infinitive ending in -eн.

The passive voice is formed with the past participle and the word геeн ''geen'' "to go."

== Lord's Prayer ==

Mariupol Gothic

2026-02-05T02:45:39Z

Aelfwine:

{{Infobox language
|image =
|imagesize =
|imagecaption =
|name = Mariupol Gothic
|nativename = Гутишка (Gutiškă)
|pronunciation = 'ɦutɪʃkə
|states = Ukraine
|setting = Earth
|created = 2019
|familycolor = Indo-European
|fam2 = [[w:Germanic languages|Germanic]]
|fam3 = [[w:East Germanic languages|East Germanic]]
|fam4 =
|fam5 =
|creator = User:Aelfwine
|stand1 =
|dia1 =
|dia2 =
|dia3 =
|script1 = Cyrl
|script2 = Latn
|script3 =
|script4 =
|nation =
|minority = Ukraine, Russia
|agency =
|map =
|mapsize =
|mapcaption =
|notice = IPA
|ethnicity =
|ancestor = [[w:Proto-Indo-European language|Proto-Indo-European]]
|ancestor2 = [[w:Proto-Germanic language|Proto-Germanic]]
|ancestor3 = Old Gothic
|ancestor4 = Middle Gothic
|ancestor5 =
}}

'''Mariupol Gothic''' (natively '''Гутишка ''Gutiškă''''' ['ɦutɪʃkə]) or '''Gothish''' is a Germanic language spoken by approximately 45,000 people on the northern coast of the Sea of Azov. It is an East Germanic language, closely related to Biblical Gothic, however the language is not a lineal descendant of Biblical Gothic. Nonetheless the speakers of Mariupol Gothic refer to themselves as "Goths" and their language still shares enough similarities with Gothic to be considered related. The language is critically endangered, with only a handful of native speakers remaining, with most acquiring the language as an L2.

== History ==

The history of the Goths in Ukraine begins with the Ostrogothic settlement of the Black Sea in the 4th century. Along with the Greeks, Alans, Bulgars and others, they made up part of the population in Crimea that followed Orthodox Christianity and were incorporated into the Byzantine Empire as the Principality of Theodoro. After the secession of the principality in the 13th century, Theodoro was overrun by the Mongols and became a vassal of the Golden Horde. The principality enjoyed a period of peace until the Ottoman Empire annexed its capital city of Mangup in 1475.

The Goths managed to maintain their culture and language throughout Ottoman occupation, however a great number of them converted to Islam and assimilated into the Crimean Tatars. During her reign, Catharine the Great invited the Christian Crimean Goths to settle recently conquered lands north of the Sea of Azov. There they were given a special protective status within the Russian Empire and were exempt from the draft.

During World War II many Goths were expelled to various oblasts in Siberia to work as slave labour for the Soviet war machine. Like the Germans in the USSR, the Goths were feared to be sympathetic to the Nazis and therefore were persecuted heavily during World War II. While some Goths returned to the Black Sea after the war, many others had emigrated abroad to countries such as Brazil and Argentina.

== Historical Development ==

=== Classical Gothic (c. 400–800) ===

* Loss of initial /h/ in all positions.
** ''handu'' → ''andu''
** ''hūs'' → ''ūs''
* Simplification of geminate consonants.
** /tt kk ss/ → /t k s/
* Raising of long mid vowels.
** /eː/ → /iː/
** /oː/ → /uː/
* Short vowels remained unchanged during this stage.

==== Early Middle Gothic (c. 800–1200) ====

* Palatalization of velar consonants before front vowels.
** /k/ → /t͡ʃ/
** /g/ → /j/
* Reduction of unstressed non-high vowels.
** /a e o/ → [ə] in unstressed syllables

==== Late Middle Gothic (after c. 1200) ====

* Lowering of short /i/.
** /i/ → /ɪ/
* Loss of vowel length contrast.
** Long and short vowels merged, with /ɪ/ remaining distinct from /i/.
* Loss of word-final high vowels.
* Final /i u/ → ∅
** ''suni'' → ''sun''
** ''handu'' → ''hand''
* General weakening of /g/ in all positions.
** /g/ → /ɣ/ → /ɦ/

==== Modern Gothic (c. 1600 onwards) ====

* Word-final obstruent devoicing.
** /b d z v ɦ/ → [p t s f h] word-finally
* Secondary palatalization of dental consonants and affricates before front vowels.
** /t d s z n r l t͡ʃ/ → [Cʲ] / _ {i, e}

== Orthography ==

Since the 1800s Mariupol Gothic has been written in a Cyrillic alphabet based off of the Ukrainian script. The Biblical Gothic alphabet is also used, but it has been mostly limited to the liturgy. However, the Biblical Gothic letter þiuþ <𐌸> was imported to represent the /θ/ sound, it takes a form identical to that of Cyrillic psi.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
|+ Orthography of Mariupol Gothic
! Cyrillic !! Latin !! Phoneme !! Notes
|-
| а || a || /a/ || Also represents unstressed /ə/
|-
| б || b || /b/ ||
|-
| в || w || /v/ ||
|-
| г || h || /ɦ/ ||
|-
| ґ || g || /g/ || Mostly loanwords
|-
| д || d || /d/ ||
|-
| е || e || /e/ || Also represents unstressed /ə/
|-
| є || je || /je/ ||
|-
| з || z || /z/ ||
|-
| и || ĭ / ï || /ɪ/ || Often written ''i'' in non-scholarly Latin
|-
| i || i || /i/ ||
|-
| ї || ji || /ji/ || Can also represent /jɪ/
|-
| й || j || /j/ ||
|-
| к || k || /k/ ||
|-
| л || l || /l/ ||
|-
| м || m || /m/ ||
|-
| н || n || /n/ ||
|-
| о || o || /o/ || Also represents unstressed /ə/
|-
| п || p || /p/ ||
|-
| р || r || /r/ ||
|-
| с || s || /s/ ||
|-
| т || t || /t/ ||
|-
| у || u || /u/ ||
|-
| ф || f || /f/ ||
|-
| ѱ || þ || /θ/ || Inherited from Gothic ''𐌸''
|-
| ч || č || /t͡ʃ/ ||
|-
| ш || š || /ʃ/ ||
|-
| ю || ju || /ju/ ||
|-
| я || ja || /ja/ ||
|}

== Phonology ==

=== Consonants ===

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
|+ Consonant phonemes of Mariupol Gothic
! !! Bilabial !! Labiodental !! Dental !! Alveolar !! Postalveolar !! Palatal !! Velar !! Glottal
|-
! Plosive
| p b || || || t d || || || k (g) ||
|-
! Fricative
| || f v || θ || s z || ʃ || || || ɦ
|-
! Affricate
| || || || || t͡ʃ || || ||
|-
! Nasal
| m || || || n || || || ||
|-
! Approximant
| || || || r l || || j || ||
|}

* All consonants may undergo secondary palatalization [ʲ] before front vowels; this palatalization is allophonic and not phonemic.
* Word-final obstruents are devoiced phonetically but remain voiced phonemically.

=== Vowels ===

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
|+ Vowel phonemes of Mariupol Gothic
! !! Front !! Central !! Back
|-
! Close
| i || ɪ || u
|-
! Mid
| e || ə || o
|-
! Open
| || a ||
|}

* The vowel /ə/ occurs only as an allophone of unstressed /a e o/ and is not considered phonemic.

== Nouns ==

=== Masculine Stems ===

=== Strong Masculine Stems ===

Mariupol Gothic inanimate masculine stems are inherited exclusively from Proto-Germanic an-stem masculine nouns. Example of an inanimate masculine stem noun, '''мiна''' (moon):

=== Strong Feminine Stems ===

=== Weak Feminine Stems ===

=== Strong Neuter Stems ===

Gothish strong neuter stems are made up of former Proto-Germanic a- and u-stem neuters. Example of a strong neuter stem noun, '''брот''' (bread):

=== Weak Neuter Stems ===

== Adjectives ==

The adjectives have been greatly simplified since Proto-Germanic. They are divided into two different forms, strong and weak, and agree in case, number and gender with the noun they modify.

== Verbs ==

All verbs regardless of class share an infinitive ending in -eн.

The passive voice is formed with the past participle and the word геeн ''geen'' "to go."

== Lord's Prayer ==

Mariupol Gothic

2026-02-01T03:09:00Z

Aelfwine: /* Orthography */

Mariupol Gothic

2026-02-01T02:19:11Z

Aelfwine: /* Orthography */

Mariupol Gothic

2026-02-01T01:45:55Z

Aelfwine:

Mariupol Gothic

2026-02-01T01:25:33Z

Aelfwine:

{{Infobox language
|image =
|imagesize =
|imagecaption =
|name = Mariupol Gothic
|nativename = Гутишка (Gutiškă)
|pronunciation = 'ɦutɪʃkə
|states = Ukraine
|setting = Earth
|created = 2019
|familycolor = Indo-European
|fam2 = [[w:Germanic languages|Germanic]]
|fam3 = [[w:East Germanic languages|East Germanic]]
|fam4 =
|fam5 =
|creator = User:Aelfwine
|stand1 =
|dia1 =
|dia2 =
|dia3 =
|script1 = Cyrl
|script2 = Latn
|script3 =
|script4 =
|nation =
|minority = Ukraine, Russia
|agency =
|map =
|mapsize =
|mapcaption =
|notice = IPA
|ethnicity =
|ancestor = [[w:Proto-Indo-European language|Proto-Indo-European]]
|ancestor2 = [[w:Proto-Germanic language|Proto-Germanic]]
|ancestor3 = Old Gothic
|ancestor4 = Middle Gothic
|ancestor5 =
}}

'''Mariupol Gothic''' (natively '''Гутишка ''Gutiškă''''' ['ɦutɪʃkə]) or '''Gothish''' is a Germanic language spoken by approximately 45,000 people on the northern coast of the Sea of Azov. It is an East Germanic language, closely related to Biblical Gothic, however the language is not a lineal descendant of Biblical Gothic. Nonetheless the speakers of Mariupol Gothic refer to themselves as "Goths" and their language still shares enough similarities with Gothic to be considered related. The language is critically endangered, with only a handful of native speakers remaining, with most acquiring the language as an L2.

== History ==

The history of the Goths in Ukraine begins with the Ostrogothic settlement of the Black Sea in the 4th century. Along with the Greeks, Alans, Bulgars and others, they made up part of the population in Crimea that followed Orthodox Christianity and were incorporated into the Byzantine Empire as the Principality of Theodoro. After the secession of the principality in the 13th century, Theodoro was overrun by the Mongols and became a vassal of the Golden Horde. The principality enjoyed a period of peace until the Ottoman Empire annexed its capital city of Mangup in 1475.

The Goths managed to maintain their culture and language throughout Ottoman occupation, however a great number of them converted to Islam and assimilated into the Crimean Tatars. During her reign, Catharine the Great invited the Christian Crimean Goths to settle recently conquered lands north of the Sea of Azov. There they were given a special protective status within the Russian Empire and were exempt from the draft.

During World War II many Goths were expelled to various oblasts in Siberia to work as slave labour for the Soviet war machine. Like the Germans in the USSR, the Goths were feared to be sympathetic to the Nazis and therefore were persecuted heavily during World War II. While some Goths returned to the Black Sea after the war, many others had emigrated abroad to countries such as Brazil and Argentina.

== Orthography ==

Since the 1800s Mariupol Gothic has been written in a Cyrillic alphabet based off of the Ukrainian script. The Biblical Gothic alphabet is also used, but it has been mostly limited to the liturgy. However, the Biblical Gothic letter þiuþ <𐌸> was imported to represent the /θ/ sound, it takes a form identical to that of Cyrillic psi.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
|+ Orthography of Mariupol Gothic
! Cyrillic !! Latin !! Phoneme !! Notes
|-
| а || a || /a/ || Also represents unstressed /ə/
|-
| б || b || /b/ ||
|-
| в || w || /v/ ||
|-
| г || h || /ɦ/ ||
|-
| ґ || g || /g/ || Mostly loanwords
|-
| д || d || /d/ ||
|-
| е || e || /e/ || Also represents unstressed /ə/
|-
| є || je || /je/ ||
|-
| з || z || /z/ ||
|-
| и || y || /ɪ/ ||
|-
| і || i || /i/ ||
|-
| ї || ji || /ji/ || Can also represent /jɪ/
|-
| й || j || /j/ ||
|-
| к || k || /k/ ||
|-
| л || l || /l/ ||
|-
| м || m || /m/ ||
|-
| н || n || /n/ ||
|-
| о || o || /o/ || Also represents unstressed /ə/
|-
| п || p || /p/ ||
|-
| р || r || /r/ ||
|-
| с || s || /s/ ||
|-
| т || t || /t/ ||
|-
| у || u || /u/ ||
|-
| ф || f || /f/ ||
|-
| ѱ || þ || /θ/ || Inherited from Gothic ''𐌸''
|-
| ч || č || /t͡ʃ/ ||
|-
| ш || š || /ʃ/ ||
|-
| ю || ju || /ju/ ||
|-
| я || ja || /ja/ ||
|}

== Phonology ==

=== Consonants ===

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
|+ Consonant phonemes of Mariupol Gothic
! !! Bilabial !! Labiodental !! Dental !! Alveolar !! Postalveolar !! Palatal !! Velar !! Glottal
|-
! Plosive
| p b || || || t d || || || k (g) ||
|-
! Fricative
| || f v || θ || s z || ʃ || || || ɦ
|-
! Affricate
| || || || || t͡ʃ || || ||
|-
! Nasal
| m || || || n || || || ||
|-
! Approximant
| || || || r l || || j || ||
|}

* All consonants may undergo secondary palatalization [ʲ] before front vowels; this palatalization is allophonic and not phonemic.
* Word-final obstruents are devoiced phonetically but remain voiced phonemically.

=== Vowels ===

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
|+ Vowel phonemes of Mariupol Gothic
! !! Front !! Central !! Back
|-
! Close
| i || ɪ || u
|-
! Mid
| e || ə || o
|-
! Open
| || a ||
|}

* The vowel /ə/ occurs only as an allophone of unstressed /a e o/ and is not considered phonemic.

== Nouns ==

=== Masculine Stems ===

==== u-stems ====

{| class=wikitable style=text-align:center
|-
!
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Nominative
| винтс ''wints''
| виндэс ''windes''
|-
! Accusative
| винт ''wint''
| виндэнс ''windens''
|-
! Genitive
| виндэс ''windes''
| виндэ ''winde''
|-
! Genitive
| виндэ ''winde''
| виндэм ''windem''
|-
|}

{| class=wikitable style=text-align:center
|-
!
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Nominative
| фаψэр ''faþer'' /ˈfaðər/
| фаψрэс ''faþres'' /ˈfaðrəs/
|-
! Accusative
| фаψэр ''faþer''
| фаψрэнс ''faþrens''
|-
! Genitive
| фаψэрс ''faþers''
| фаψрэ ''faþre''
|-
! Genitive
| фаψэр ''faþer''
| фаψрэм ''faþrem''
|-
|}

{| class=wikitable style=text-align:center
|-
!
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Nominative
| фаψар ''faþar'' [ˈfaðər]
| фаψрюс ''faþrjus'' [ˈfaðrʲʊs]
|-
! Accusative
| фаψар ''faþar'' [ˈfaðər]
| фаψрунс ''faþruns'' [ˈfaðrʊns]
|-
! Genitive
| фаψарс ''faþars'' [ˈfaðərs]
| фаψри ''faþri'' [ˈfaðri]
|-
! Genitive
| фаψар ''faþar'' [ˈfaðər]
| фаψрам ''faþram'' [ˈfaðrəm]
|-
|}

=== Strong Masculine Stems ===

Mariupol Gothic inanimate masculine stems are inherited exclusively from Proto-Germanic an-stem masculine nouns. Example of an inanimate masculine stem noun, '''мiна''' (moon):

=== Strong Feminine Stems ===

=== Weak Feminine Stems ===

=== Strong Neuter Stems ===

Gothish strong neuter stems are made up of former Proto-Germanic a- and u-stem neuters. Example of a strong neuter stem noun, '''брот''' (bread):

=== Weak Neuter Stems ===

== Adjectives ==

The adjectives have been greatly simplified since Proto-Germanic. They are divided into two different forms, strong and weak, and agree in case, number and gender with the noun they modify.

== Verbs ==

All verbs regardless of class share an infinitive ending in -eн.

The passive voice is formed with the past participle and the word геeн ''geen'' "to go."

== Lord's Prayer ==

'''атта унсар ѳу ин емнам
вихна ѱин нама
квема ѱин рика
верѳа ѱинс виля
шве ин емна ях ана ерѱа'''

Mariupol Gothic

2026-02-01T01:15:10Z

Aelfwine:

{{Infobox language
|image =
|imagesize =
|imagecaption =
|name = Mariupol Gothic
|nativename = Гутишка (Gutiškă)
|pronunciation = 'ɦutɪʃkə
|states = Ukraine
|setting = Earth
|created = 2019
|familycolor = Indo-European
|fam2 = [[w:Germanic languages|Germanic]]
|fam3 = [[w:East Germanic languages|East Germanic]]
|fam4 =
|fam5 =
|creator = User:Aelfwine
|stand1 =
|dia1 =
|dia2 =
|dia3 =
|script1 = Cyrl
|script2 = Latn
|script3 =
|script4 =
|nation =
|minority = Ukraine, Russia
|agency =
|map =
|mapsize =
|mapcaption =
|notice = IPA
|ethnicity =
|ancestor = [[w:Proto-Indo-European language|Proto-Indo-European]]
|ancestor2 = [[w:Proto-Germanic language|Proto-Germanic]]
|ancestor3 = Old Gothic
|ancestor4 = Middle Gothic
|ancestor5 =
}}

'''Mariupol Gothic''' (natively '''Гутишка ''Gutiškă''''' ['ɦutɪʃkə]) or '''Gothish''' is a Germanic language spoken by approximately 45,000 people on the northern coast of the Sea of Azov. It is an East Germanic language, closely related to Biblical Gothic, however the language is not a lineal descendant of Biblical Gothic. Nonetheless the speakers of Mariupol Gothic refer to themselves as "Goths" and their language still shares enough similarities with Gothic to be considered related. The language is critically endangered, with only a handful of native speakers remaining, with most acquiring the language as an L2.

== History ==

The history of the Goths in Ukraine begins with the Ostrogothic settlement of the Black Sea in the 4th century. Along with the Greeks, Alans, Bulgars and others, they made up part of the population in Crimea that followed Orthodox Christianity and were incorporated into the Byzantine Empire as the Principality of Theodoro. After the secession of the principality in the 13th century, Theodoro was overrun by the Mongols and became a vassal of the Golden Horde. The principality enjoyed a period of peace until the Ottoman Empire annexed its capital city of Mangup in 1475.

The Goths managed to maintain their culture and language throughout Ottoman occupation, however a great number of them converted to Islam and assimilated into the Crimean Tatars. During her reign, Catharine the Great invited the Christian Crimean Goths to settle recently conquered lands north of the Sea of Azov. There they were given a special protective status within the Russian Empire and were exempt from the draft.

During World War II many Goths were expelled to various oblasts in Siberia to work as slave labour for the Soviet war machine. Like the Germans in the USSR, the Goths were feared to be sympathetic to the Nazis and therefore were persecuted heavily during World War II. While some Goths returned to the Black Sea after the war, many others had emigrated abroad to countries such as Brazil and Argentina.

== Orthography ==

Since the 1800s Mariupol Gothic has been written in a Cyrillic alphabet based off of the Ukrainian script. The Biblical Gothic alphabet is also used, but it has been mostly limited to the liturgy. However, the Biblical Gothic letter þiuþ <𐌸> was imported to represent the /θ/ sound, it takes a form identical to that of Cyrillic psi.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
|+ Orthography of Modern Crimean Gothic
! Cyrillic !! Latin !! Phoneme !! Notes
|-
| а || a || /a/ || Also represents unstressed /ə/
|-
| б || b || /b/ ||
|-
| в || w || /v/ ||
|-
| г || h || /ɦ/ ||
|-
| ґ || g || /g/ || Mostly loanwords
|-
| д || d || /d/ ||
|-
| е || e || /e/ || Also represents unstressed /ə/
|-
| є || je || /je/ ||
|-
| з || z || /z/ ||
|-
| и || y || /ɪ/ ||
|-
| і || i || /i/ ||
|-
| ї || ji || /ji/ || Can also represent /jɪ/
|-
| й || j || /j/ ||
|-
| к || k || /k/ ||
|-
| л || l || /l/ ||
|-
| м || m || /m/ ||
|-
| н || n || /n/ ||
|-
| о || o || /o/ || Also represents unstressed /ə/
|-
| п || p || /p/ ||
|-
| р || r || /r/ ||
|-
| с || s || /s/ ||
|-
| т || t || /t/ ||
|-
| у || u || /u/ ||
|-
| ф || f || /f/ ||
|-
| ѱ || þ || /θ/ || Inherited from Gothic ''𐌸''
|-
| ч || tsch || /t͡ʃ/ ||
|-
| ш || sch || /ʃ/ ||
|-
| ю || ju || /ju/ ||
|-
| я || ja || /ja/ ||
|}

== Phonology ==

=== Consonants ===

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
|+ Consonant phonemes of Modern Gothic
! !! Bilabial !! Labiodental !! Dental !! Alveolar !! Postalveolar !! Palatal !! Velar !! Glottal
|-
! Plosive
| p b || || || t d || || || k (g) ||
|-
! Fricative
| || f v || θ || s z || ʃ || || || ɦ
|-
! Affricate
| || || || || t͡ʃ || || ||
|-
! Nasal
| m || || || n || || || ||
|-
! Approximant
| || || || r l || || j || ||
|}

* All consonants may undergo secondary palatalization [ʲ] before front vowels; this palatalization is allophonic and not phonemic.
* Word-final obstruents are devoiced phonetically but remain voiced phonemically.

=== Vowels ===

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
|+ Vowel phonemes of Modern Gothic
! !! Front !! Central !! Back
|-
! Close
| i || ɪ || u
|-
! Mid
| e || ə || o
|-
! Open
| || a ||
|}

* The vowel /ə/ occurs only as an allophone of unstressed /a e o/ and is not considered phonemic.

== Nouns ==

=== Masculine Stems ===

==== u-stems ====

{| class=wikitable style=text-align:center
|-
!
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Nominative
| винтс ''wints''
| виндэс ''windes''
|-
! Accusative
| винт ''wint''
| виндэнс ''windens''
|-
! Genitive
| виндэс ''windes''
| виндэ ''winde''
|-
! Genitive
| виндэ ''winde''
| виндэм ''windem''
|-
|}

{| class=wikitable style=text-align:center
|-
!
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Nominative
| фаψэр ''faþer'' /ˈfaðər/
| фаψрэс ''faþres'' /ˈfaðrəs/
|-
! Accusative
| фаψэр ''faþer''
| фаψрэнс ''faþrens''
|-
! Genitive
| фаψэрс ''faþers''
| фаψрэ ''faþre''
|-
! Genitive
| фаψэр ''faþer''
| фаψрэм ''faþrem''
|-
|}

{| class=wikitable style=text-align:center
|-
!
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Nominative
| фаψар ''faþar'' [ˈfaðər]
| фаψрюс ''faþrjus'' [ˈfaðrʲʊs]
|-
! Accusative
| фаψар ''faþar'' [ˈfaðər]
| фаψрунс ''faþruns'' [ˈfaðrʊns]
|-
! Genitive
| фаψарс ''faþars'' [ˈfaðərs]
| фаψри ''faþri'' [ˈfaðri]
|-
! Genitive
| фаψар ''faþar'' [ˈfaðər]
| фаψрам ''faþram'' [ˈfaðrəm]
|-
|}

=== Inanimate Masculine Stems ===

Mariupol Gothic inanimate masculine stems are inherited exclusively from Proto-Germanic an-stem masculine nouns. Example of an inanimate masculine stem noun, '''мина''' (moon):

{| class=wikitable style=text-align:center
|-
!
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Nominative
| минэ ''mīne''
| минэнс ''mīnens''
|-
! Accusative
| минэ ''mīne''
| минэнс ''mīnens''
|-
! Genitive
| минэнс ''mīnens''
| минэ ''mīne''
|-
|}

=== Animate Feminine Stems ===

{| class=wikitable style=text-align:center
|-
!
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Nominative
| раздэ
| раздэс
|-
! Oblique
| раздэ
| раздэс
|-
|}

=== Inanimate Feminine Stems ===

{| class=wikitable style=text-align:center
|-
!
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Nominative
| разда ''razda''
| раздус ''razdus''
|-
! Accusative
| разда ''razda''
| раздус ''razdus''
|-
! Genitive
| раздус ''razdus''
| разду ''razdu''
|-
|}

=== Strong Neuter Stems ===

Gothish strong neuter stems are made up of former Proto-Germanic a- and u-stem neuters. Example of a strong neuter stem noun, '''бро̄т''' (bread):

{| class=wikitable style=text-align:center
|-
!
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Nominative
| брөт ''brøt''
| брөдэ ''brøde''
|-
! Accusative
| брөт ''brøt''
| брөдэ ''brøde''
|-
! Genitive
| брөдэс ''brødes''
| брөдэ ''brøde''
|-
! Dative
| брөдэ ''brøde''
| брөдэм ''brødem''
|-
|}

=== Weak Neuter Stems ===

Mariupol Gothic weak neuter stems are inherited exclusively from Proto-Germanic an-stem neuters. Example of a weak neuter stem noun, '''о̄гэ''' (eye):

{| class=wikitable style=text-align:center
|-
!
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Nominative
| өгэ ''øge''
| өгэнэ ''øgene''
|-
! Accusative
| өгэ ''øge''
| өгэнэ ''øgene''
|-
! Genitive
| өгэнс ''øgens''
| өгэнэ ''øgene''
|-
! Dative
| өгэн ''øgen''
| өгэм ''øgem''
|-
|}

== Adjectives ==

The adjectives have been greatly simplified since Proto-Germanic. They are divided into two different forms, strong and weak, and agree in case, number and gender with the noun they modify.

{| class=wikitable style=text-align:center
!colspan=7|Strong
!colspan=6|Weak
|-
!rowspan=2|
!colspan=2|Masculine
!colspan=2|Feminine
!colspan=2|Neuter
!colspan=2|Masculine
!colspan=2|Feminine
!colspan=2|Neuter
|-
!SG
!PL
!SG
!PL
!SG
!PL
!SG
!PL
!SG
!PL
!SG
!PL
|-
!NOM
| -с || rowspan=2 | -э || rowspan=2 | -э || rowspan=2 | -эс || rowspan=2 | -этэ - || rowspan=2 | -э || rowspan=2 | -э || rowspan=2 | -энс || -э || rowspan=2 | -энс || rowspan=2 | -э || rowspan=2 | -энэ
|-
!OBL
| - || -эн
|}

== Verbs ==

Verbs are usually cited in four parts: the infinitive, the
Typically, the preterite

All verbs regardless of class share an infinitive ending in -эн.

The passive voice is formed with the past participle and the word геэн ''geen'' "to go."

== Class II ==

{| class=wikitable style=text-align:center
!rowspan=2|
!colspan=2|Present
!colspan=2|Preterite
|-
!SG
!PL
!SG
!PL
|-
!1st
| бю̄дэ || бю̄дэмс || бōт || будэм
|-
!2nd
| бю̄дэс || бю̄дэт || бōст || будэт
|-
!3rd
| бю̄дэт || бю̄дэн || бōт || будэн
|-
!rowspan=2|
!INF
!IMP
!PART.PRS
!PART.PST
|-
|| бю̄дэн || бю̄т || бю̄дэнс || бодэнс
|}

== Lord's Prayer ==

'''атта унсар ѳу ин еминам
вихна ѳин нама
квема ѳин рика
верѳа ѳинс виля
шве ин емина ях ана ерѳа'''

Mariupol Gothic

2026-02-01T01:14:29Z

Aelfwine: /* Phonology */

{{Infobox language
|image =
|imagesize =
|imagecaption =
|name = Mariupol Gothic
|nativename = Гутишка (Gutiškă)
|pronunciation = 'ɦutɪʃkə
|states = Ukraine
|setting = Earth
|created = 2019
|familycolor = Indo-European
|fam2 = [[w:Germanic languages|Germanic]]
|fam3 = [[w:East Germanic languages|East Germanic]]
|fam4 =
|fam5 =
|creator = User:Aelfwine
|stand1 =
|dia1 =
|dia2 =
|dia3 =
|script1 = Cyrl
|script2 = Latn
|script3 =
|script4 =
|nation =
|minority = Ukraine, Russia
|agency =
|map =
|mapsize =
|mapcaption =
|notice = IPA
|ethnicity =
|ancestor = [[w:Proto-Indo-European language|Proto-Indo-European]]
|ancestor2 = [[w:Proto-Germanic language|Proto-Germanic]]
|ancestor3 = Old Gothic
|ancestor4 = Middle Gothic
|ancestor5 =
}}

'''Mariupol Gothic''' (natively '''Гутишка ''Gutiškă''''' ['ɦutɪʃkə]) or '''Gothish''' is a Germanic language spoken by approximately 45,000 people on the northern coast of the Sea of Azov. It is an East Germanic language, closely related to Biblical Gothic, however the language is not a lineal descendant of Biblical Gothic. Nonetheless the speakers of Mariupol Gothic refer to themselves as "Goths" and their language still shares enough similarities with Gothic to be considered related. The language is critically endangered, with only a handful of native speakers remaining, with most acquiring the language as an L2.

== History ==

The history of the Goths in Ukraine begins with the Ostrogothic settlement of the Black Sea in the 4th century. Along with the Greeks, Alans, Bulgars and others, they made up part of the population in Crimea that followed Orthodox Christianity and were incorporated into the Byzantine Empire as the Principality of Theodoro. After the secession of the principality in the 13th century, Theodoro was overrun by the Mongols and became a vassal of the Golden Horde. The principality enjoyed a period of peace until the Ottoman Empire annexed its capital city of Mangup in 1475.

The Goths managed to maintain their culture and language throughout Ottoman occupation, however a great number of them converted to Islam and assimilated into the Crimean Tatars. During her reign, Catharine the Great invited the Christian Crimean Goths to settle recently conquered lands north of the Sea of Azov. There they were given a special protective status within the Russian Empire and were exempt from the draft.

During World War II many Goths were expelled to various oblasts in Siberia to work as slave labour for the Soviet war machine. Like the Germans in the USSR, the Goths were feared to be sympathetic to the Nazis and therefore were persecuted heavily during World War II. While some Goths returned to the Black Sea after the war, many others had emigrated abroad to countries such as Brazil and Argentina.

== Orthography ==

Since the 1800s Mariupol Gothic has been written in a Cyrillic alphabet based off of the Ukrainian script. The Biblical Gothic alphabet is also used, but it has been mostly limited to the liturgy. However, the Biblical Gothic letter þiuþ <𐌸> was imported to represent the /θ/ sound, it takes a form identical to that of Cyrillic psi.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
|+ Orthography of Modern Crimean Gothic
! Cyrillic !! Latin !! Phoneme !! Notes
|-
| а || a || /a/ || Also represents unstressed /ə/
|-
| б || b || /b/ ||
|-
| в || w || /v/ ||
|-
| г || h || /ɦ/ ||
|-
| ґ || g || /g/ || Mostly loanwords
|-
| д || d || /d/ ||
|-
| е || e || /e/ || Also represents unstressed /ə/
|-
| є || je || /je/ ||
|-
| з || z || /z/ ||
|-
| и || y || /ɪ/ ||
|-
| і || i || /i/ ||
|-
| ї || ji || /ji/ || Can also represent /jɪ/
|-
| й || j || /j/ ||
|-
| к || k || /k/ ||
|-
| л || l || /l/ ||
|-
| м || m || /m/ ||
|-
| н || n || /n/ ||
|-
| о || o || /o/ || Also represents unstressed /ə/
|-
| п || p || /p/ ||
|-
| р || r || /r/ ||
|-
| с || s || /s/ ||
|-
| т || t || /t/ ||
|-
| у || u || /u/ ||
|-
| ф || f || /f/ ||
|-
| ѱ || þ || /θ/ || Inherited from Gothic ''𐌸''
|-
| ч || tsch || /t͡ʃ/ ||
|-
| ш || sch || /ʃ/ ||
|-
| ю || ju || /ju/ ||
|-
| я || ja || /ja/ ||
|}

== Phonology ==

=== Consonants ===

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
|+ Consonant phonemes of Modern Gothic
! !! Bilabial !! Labiodental !! Dental !! Alveolar !! Postalveolar !! Palatal !! Velar !! Glottal
|-
! Plosive
| p b || || || t d || || || k (g) ||
|-
! Fricative
| || f v || θ || s z || ʃ || || || ɦ
|-
! Affricate
| || || || || t͡ʃ || || ||
|-
! Nasal
| m || || || n || || || ||
|-
! Approximant
| || || || r l || || j || ||
|}

* All consonants may undergo secondary palatalization [ʲ] before front vowels; this palatalization is allophonic and not phonemic.
* Word-final obstruents are devoiced phonetically but remain voiced phonemically.

== Vowels ==

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
|+ Vowel phonemes of Modern Gothic
! !! Front !! Central !! Back
|-
! Close
| i || ɪ || u
|-
! Mid
| e || ə || o
|-
! Open
| || a ||
|}

* The vowel /ə/ occurs only as an allophone of unstressed /a e o/ and is not considered phonemic.

== Nouns ==

=== Masculine Stems ===

==== u-stems ====

{| class=wikitable style=text-align:center
|-
!
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Nominative
| винтс ''wints''
| виндэс ''windes''
|-
! Accusative
| винт ''wint''
| виндэнс ''windens''
|-
! Genitive
| виндэс ''windes''
| виндэ ''winde''
|-
! Genitive
| виндэ ''winde''
| виндэм ''windem''
|-
|}

{| class=wikitable style=text-align:center
|-
!
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Nominative
| фаψэр ''faþer'' /ˈfaðər/
| фаψрэс ''faþres'' /ˈfaðrəs/
|-
! Accusative
| фаψэр ''faþer''
| фаψрэнс ''faþrens''
|-
! Genitive
| фаψэрс ''faþers''
| фаψрэ ''faþre''
|-
! Genitive
| фаψэр ''faþer''
| фаψрэм ''faþrem''
|-
|}

{| class=wikitable style=text-align:center
|-
!
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Nominative
| фаψар ''faþar'' [ˈfaðər]
| фаψрюс ''faþrjus'' [ˈfaðrʲʊs]
|-
! Accusative
| фаψар ''faþar'' [ˈfaðər]
| фаψрунс ''faþruns'' [ˈfaðrʊns]
|-
! Genitive
| фаψарс ''faþars'' [ˈfaðərs]
| фаψри ''faþri'' [ˈfaðri]
|-
! Genitive
| фаψар ''faþar'' [ˈfaðər]
| фаψрам ''faþram'' [ˈfaðrəm]
|-
|}

=== Inanimate Masculine Stems ===

Mariupol Gothic inanimate masculine stems are inherited exclusively from Proto-Germanic an-stem masculine nouns. Example of an inanimate masculine stem noun, '''мина''' (moon):

{| class=wikitable style=text-align:center
|-
!
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Nominative
| минэ ''mīne''
| минэнс ''mīnens''
|-
! Accusative
| минэ ''mīne''
| минэнс ''mīnens''
|-
! Genitive
| минэнс ''mīnens''
| минэ ''mīne''
|-
|}

=== Animate Feminine Stems ===

{| class=wikitable style=text-align:center
|-
!
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Nominative
| раздэ
| раздэс
|-
! Oblique
| раздэ
| раздэс
|-
|}

=== Inanimate Feminine Stems ===

{| class=wikitable style=text-align:center
|-
!
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Nominative
| разда ''razda''
| раздус ''razdus''
|-
! Accusative
| разда ''razda''
| раздус ''razdus''
|-
! Genitive
| раздус ''razdus''
| разду ''razdu''
|-
|}

=== Strong Neuter Stems ===

Gothish strong neuter stems are made up of former Proto-Germanic a- and u-stem neuters. Example of a strong neuter stem noun, '''бро̄т''' (bread):

{| class=wikitable style=text-align:center
|-
!
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Nominative
| брөт ''brøt''
| брөдэ ''brøde''
|-
! Accusative
| брөт ''brøt''
| брөдэ ''brøde''
|-
! Genitive
| брөдэс ''brødes''
| брөдэ ''brøde''
|-
! Dative
| брөдэ ''brøde''
| брөдэм ''brødem''
|-
|}

=== Weak Neuter Stems ===

Mariupol Gothic weak neuter stems are inherited exclusively from Proto-Germanic an-stem neuters. Example of a weak neuter stem noun, '''о̄гэ''' (eye):

{| class=wikitable style=text-align:center
|-
!
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Nominative
| өгэ ''øge''
| өгэнэ ''øgene''
|-
! Accusative
| өгэ ''øge''
| өгэнэ ''øgene''
|-
! Genitive
| өгэнс ''øgens''
| өгэнэ ''øgene''
|-
! Dative
| өгэн ''øgen''
| өгэм ''øgem''
|-
|}

== Adjectives ==

The adjectives have been greatly simplified since Proto-Germanic. They are divided into two different forms, strong and weak, and agree in case, number and gender with the noun they modify.

{| class=wikitable style=text-align:center
!colspan=7|Strong
!colspan=6|Weak
|-
!rowspan=2|
!colspan=2|Masculine
!colspan=2|Feminine
!colspan=2|Neuter
!colspan=2|Masculine
!colspan=2|Feminine
!colspan=2|Neuter
|-
!SG
!PL
!SG
!PL
!SG
!PL
!SG
!PL
!SG
!PL
!SG
!PL
|-
!NOM
| -с || rowspan=2 | -э || rowspan=2 | -э || rowspan=2 | -эс || rowspan=2 | -этэ - || rowspan=2 | -э || rowspan=2 | -э || rowspan=2 | -энс || -э || rowspan=2 | -энс || rowspan=2 | -э || rowspan=2 | -энэ
|-
!OBL
| - || -эн
|}

== Verbs ==

Verbs are usually cited in four parts: the infinitive, the
Typically, the preterite

All verbs regardless of class share an infinitive ending in -эн.

The passive voice is formed with the past participle and the word геэн ''geen'' "to go."

== Class II ==

{| class=wikitable style=text-align:center
!rowspan=2|
!colspan=2|Present
!colspan=2|Preterite
|-
!SG
!PL
!SG
!PL
|-
!1st
| бю̄дэ || бю̄дэмс || бōт || будэм
|-
!2nd
| бю̄дэс || бю̄дэт || бōст || будэт
|-
!3rd
| бю̄дэт || бю̄дэн || бōт || будэн
|-
!rowspan=2|
!INF
!IMP
!PART.PRS
!PART.PST
|-
|| бю̄дэн || бю̄т || бю̄дэнс || бодэнс
|}

== Lord's Prayer ==

'''атта унсар ѳу ин еминам
вихна ѳин нама
квема ѳин рика
верѳа ѳинс виля
шве ин емина ях ана ерѳа'''

Mariupol Gothic

2026-02-01T01:11:40Z

Aelfwine: /* Orthography */

{{Infobox language
|image =
|imagesize =
|imagecaption =
|name = Mariupol Gothic
|nativename = Гутишка (Gutiškă)
|pronunciation = 'ɦutɪʃkə
|states = Ukraine
|setting = Earth
|created = 2019
|familycolor = Indo-European
|fam2 = [[w:Germanic languages|Germanic]]
|fam3 = [[w:East Germanic languages|East Germanic]]
|fam4 =
|fam5 =
|creator = User:Aelfwine
|stand1 =
|dia1 =
|dia2 =
|dia3 =
|script1 = Cyrl
|script2 = Latn
|script3 =
|script4 =
|nation =
|minority = Ukraine, Russia
|agency =
|map =
|mapsize =
|mapcaption =
|notice = IPA
|ethnicity =
|ancestor = [[w:Proto-Indo-European language|Proto-Indo-European]]
|ancestor2 = [[w:Proto-Germanic language|Proto-Germanic]]
|ancestor3 = Old Gothic
|ancestor4 = Middle Gothic
|ancestor5 =
}}

'''Mariupol Gothic''' (natively '''Гутишка ''Gutiškă''''' ['ɦutɪʃkə]) or '''Gothish''' is a Germanic language spoken by approximately 45,000 people on the northern coast of the Sea of Azov. It is an East Germanic language, closely related to Biblical Gothic, however the language is not a lineal descendant of Biblical Gothic. Nonetheless the speakers of Mariupol Gothic refer to themselves as "Goths" and their language still shares enough similarities with Gothic to be considered related. The language is critically endangered, with only a handful of native speakers remaining, with most acquiring the language as an L2.

== History ==

The history of the Goths in Ukraine begins with the Ostrogothic settlement of the Black Sea in the 4th century. Along with the Greeks, Alans, Bulgars and others, they made up part of the population in Crimea that followed Orthodox Christianity and were incorporated into the Byzantine Empire as the Principality of Theodoro. After the secession of the principality in the 13th century, Theodoro was overrun by the Mongols and became a vassal of the Golden Horde. The principality enjoyed a period of peace until the Ottoman Empire annexed its capital city of Mangup in 1475.

The Goths managed to maintain their culture and language throughout Ottoman occupation, however a great number of them converted to Islam and assimilated into the Crimean Tatars. During her reign, Catharine the Great invited the Christian Crimean Goths to settle recently conquered lands north of the Sea of Azov. There they were given a special protective status within the Russian Empire and were exempt from the draft.

During World War II many Goths were expelled to various oblasts in Siberia to work as slave labour for the Soviet war machine. Like the Germans in the USSR, the Goths were feared to be sympathetic to the Nazis and therefore were persecuted heavily during World War II. While some Goths returned to the Black Sea after the war, many others had emigrated abroad to countries such as Brazil and Argentina.

== Orthography ==

Since the 1800s Mariupol Gothic has been written in a Cyrillic alphabet based off of the Ukrainian script. The Biblical Gothic alphabet is also used, but it has been mostly limited to the liturgy. However, the Biblical Gothic letter þiuþ <𐌸> was imported to represent the /θ/ sound, it takes a form identical to that of Cyrillic psi.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
|+ Orthography of Modern Crimean Gothic
! Cyrillic !! Latin !! Phoneme !! Notes
|-
| а || a || /a/ || Also represents unstressed /ə/
|-
| б || b || /b/ ||
|-
| в || w || /v/ ||
|-
| г || h || /ɦ/ ||
|-
| ґ || g || /g/ || Mostly loanwords
|-
| д || d || /d/ ||
|-
| е || e || /e/ || Also represents unstressed /ə/
|-
| є || je || /je/ ||
|-
| з || z || /z/ ||
|-
| и || y || /ɪ/ ||
|-
| і || i || /i/ ||
|-
| ї || ji || /ji/ || Can also represent /jɪ/
|-
| й || j || /j/ ||
|-
| к || k || /k/ ||
|-
| л || l || /l/ ||
|-
| м || m || /m/ ||
|-
| н || n || /n/ ||
|-
| о || o || /o/ || Also represents unstressed /ə/
|-
| п || p || /p/ ||
|-
| р || r || /r/ ||
|-
| с || s || /s/ ||
|-
| т || t || /t/ ||
|-
| у || u || /u/ ||
|-
| ф || f || /f/ ||
|-
| ѱ || þ || /θ/ || Inherited from Gothic ''𐌸''
|-
| ч || tsch || /t͡ʃ/ ||
|-
| ш || sch || /ʃ/ ||
|-
| ю || ju || /ju/ ||
|-
| я || ja || /ja/ ||
|}

== Phonology ==

=== Vowels ===

Relative to most other Germanic languages, Mariupol Gothic has an incredibly small vowel inventory of just 10 vowels.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
!
! Front
! Central
! Back
|-
! High
| i iː
|
| u uː
|-
! Mid
| e eː
|
| o oː
|-
! Low
!
| a aː
!
|-
|}

Additionally, there are four diphthongs: eə, iə, oə, uə.

== Nouns ==

=== Masculine Stems ===

==== u-stems ====

{| class=wikitable style=text-align:center
|-
!
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Nominative
| винтс ''wints''
| виндэс ''windes''
|-
! Accusative
| винт ''wint''
| виндэнс ''windens''
|-
! Genitive
| виндэс ''windes''
| виндэ ''winde''
|-
! Genitive
| виндэ ''winde''
| виндэм ''windem''
|-
|}

{| class=wikitable style=text-align:center
|-
!
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Nominative
| фаψэр ''faþer'' /ˈfaðər/
| фаψрэс ''faþres'' /ˈfaðrəs/
|-
! Accusative
| фаψэр ''faþer''
| фаψрэнс ''faþrens''
|-
! Genitive
| фаψэрс ''faþers''
| фаψрэ ''faþre''
|-
! Genitive
| фаψэр ''faþer''
| фаψрэм ''faþrem''
|-
|}

{| class=wikitable style=text-align:center
|-
!
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Nominative
| фаψар ''faþar'' [ˈfaðər]
| фаψрюс ''faþrjus'' [ˈfaðrʲʊs]
|-
! Accusative
| фаψар ''faþar'' [ˈfaðər]
| фаψрунс ''faþruns'' [ˈfaðrʊns]
|-
! Genitive
| фаψарс ''faþars'' [ˈfaðərs]
| фаψри ''faþri'' [ˈfaðri]
|-
! Genitive
| фаψар ''faþar'' [ˈfaðər]
| фаψрам ''faþram'' [ˈfaðrəm]
|-
|}

=== Inanimate Masculine Stems ===

Mariupol Gothic inanimate masculine stems are inherited exclusively from Proto-Germanic an-stem masculine nouns. Example of an inanimate masculine stem noun, '''мина''' (moon):

{| class=wikitable style=text-align:center
|-
!
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Nominative
| минэ ''mīne''
| минэнс ''mīnens''
|-
! Accusative
| минэ ''mīne''
| минэнс ''mīnens''
|-
! Genitive
| минэнс ''mīnens''
| минэ ''mīne''
|-
|}

=== Animate Feminine Stems ===

{| class=wikitable style=text-align:center
|-
!
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Nominative
| раздэ
| раздэс
|-
! Oblique
| раздэ
| раздэс
|-
|}

=== Inanimate Feminine Stems ===

{| class=wikitable style=text-align:center
|-
!
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Nominative
| разда ''razda''
| раздус ''razdus''
|-
! Accusative
| разда ''razda''
| раздус ''razdus''
|-
! Genitive
| раздус ''razdus''
| разду ''razdu''
|-
|}

=== Strong Neuter Stems ===

Gothish strong neuter stems are made up of former Proto-Germanic a- and u-stem neuters. Example of a strong neuter stem noun, '''бро̄т''' (bread):

{| class=wikitable style=text-align:center
|-
!
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Nominative
| брөт ''brøt''
| брөдэ ''brøde''
|-
! Accusative
| брөт ''brøt''
| брөдэ ''brøde''
|-
! Genitive
| брөдэс ''brødes''
| брөдэ ''brøde''
|-
! Dative
| брөдэ ''brøde''
| брөдэм ''brødem''
|-
|}

=== Weak Neuter Stems ===

Mariupol Gothic weak neuter stems are inherited exclusively from Proto-Germanic an-stem neuters. Example of a weak neuter stem noun, '''о̄гэ''' (eye):

{| class=wikitable style=text-align:center
|-
!
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Nominative
| өгэ ''øge''
| өгэнэ ''øgene''
|-
! Accusative
| өгэ ''øge''
| өгэнэ ''øgene''
|-
! Genitive
| өгэнс ''øgens''
| өгэнэ ''øgene''
|-
! Dative
| өгэн ''øgen''
| өгэм ''øgem''
|-
|}

== Adjectives ==

The adjectives have been greatly simplified since Proto-Germanic. They are divided into two different forms, strong and weak, and agree in case, number and gender with the noun they modify.

{| class=wikitable style=text-align:center
!colspan=7|Strong
!colspan=6|Weak
|-
!rowspan=2|
!colspan=2|Masculine
!colspan=2|Feminine
!colspan=2|Neuter
!colspan=2|Masculine
!colspan=2|Feminine
!colspan=2|Neuter
|-
!SG
!PL
!SG
!PL
!SG
!PL
!SG
!PL
!SG
!PL
!SG
!PL
|-
!NOM
| -с || rowspan=2 | -э || rowspan=2 | -э || rowspan=2 | -эс || rowspan=2 | -этэ - || rowspan=2 | -э || rowspan=2 | -э || rowspan=2 | -энс || -э || rowspan=2 | -энс || rowspan=2 | -э || rowspan=2 | -энэ
|-
!OBL
| - || -эн
|}

== Verbs ==

Verbs are usually cited in four parts: the infinitive, the
Typically, the preterite

All verbs regardless of class share an infinitive ending in -эн.

The passive voice is formed with the past participle and the word геэн ''geen'' "to go."

== Class II ==

{| class=wikitable style=text-align:center
!rowspan=2|
!colspan=2|Present
!colspan=2|Preterite
|-
!SG
!PL
!SG
!PL
|-
!1st
| бю̄дэ || бю̄дэмс || бōт || будэм
|-
!2nd
| бю̄дэс || бю̄дэт || бōст || будэт
|-
!3rd
| бю̄дэт || бю̄дэн || бōт || будэн
|-
!rowspan=2|
!INF
!IMP
!PART.PRS
!PART.PST
|-
|| бю̄дэн || бю̄т || бю̄дэнс || бодэнс
|}

== Lord's Prayer ==

'''атта унсар ѳу ин еминам
вихна ѳин нама
квема ѳин рика
верѳа ѳинс виля
шве ин емина ях ана ерѳа'''

User:Aelfwine

2026-01-02T14:45:28Z

Aelfwine:

Hello, I'm Aelfwine. You probably also know me as Aelfwine from the CBB/ZBB forum, or reddit.

using this page as a scratchpad

== New English ==

{| class=wikitable style=text-align:center
|-
!
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Nominative
| рүдж
| рүджас
|-
! Accusative
| рүдж
| рүджас
|-
! Locative
| рүджин
| рүджинас
|-
! Ablative
| рүджут
| рүджутас
|-
! Genitive
| рүджес
| рүджа
|-
! Dative
| рүдже
| рүджум
|}

== Crimean Gothic ==

=== Pronouns ===

{| class=wikitable style=text-align:center
|-
!
! Nominative
! Accusative
! Genitive
|-
! 1st Person Singular
| ik
| ikni
| ikniñ

|-
! 2nd Person Singular
| tu
| tunı
| tunıñ
|-
! 3rd Person Singular
| ita
| itanı
| itanıñ
|-
! 1st Person Plural
| ikler
| iklerni
| iklerniñ
|-
! 2nd Person Plural
| tular
| tularnı
| tularnıñ
|-
! 3rd Person Plural
| italar
| italarnı
| italarnıñ
|}

Mariupol Gothic

2025-12-09T09:51:55Z

Aelfwine: /* Inanimate Masculine Stems */

{{Infobox language
|image =
|imagesize =
|imagecaption =
|name = Mariupol Gothic
|nativename = Гутишка (Gutiškă)
|pronunciation = 'ɦutɪʃkə
|states = Ukraine
|setting = Earth
|created = 2019
|familycolor = Indo-European
|fam2 = [[w:Germanic languages|Germanic]]
|fam3 = [[w:East Germanic languages|East Germanic]]
|fam4 =
|fam5 =
|creator = User:Aelfwine
|stand1 =
|dia1 =
|dia2 =
|dia3 =
|script1 = Cyrl
|script2 = Latn
|script3 =
|script4 =
|nation =
|minority = Ukraine, Russia
|agency =
|map =
|mapsize =
|mapcaption =
|notice = IPA
|ethnicity =
|ancestor = [[w:Proto-Indo-European language|Proto-Indo-European]]
|ancestor2 = [[w:Proto-Germanic language|Proto-Germanic]]
|ancestor3 = Old Gothic
|ancestor4 = Middle Gothic
|ancestor5 =
}}

'''Mariupol Gothic''' (natively '''Гутишка ''Gutiškă''''' ['ɦutɪʃkə]) or '''Gothish''' is a Germanic language spoken by approximately 45,000 people on the northern coast of the Sea of Azov. It is an East Germanic language, closely related to Biblical Gothic, however the language is not a lineal descendant of Biblical Gothic. Nonetheless the speakers of Mariupol Gothic refer to themselves as "Goths" and their language still shares enough similarities with Gothic to be considered related. The language is critically endangered, with only a handful of native speakers remaining, with most acquiring the language as an L2.

== History ==

The history of the Goths in Ukraine begins with the Ostrogothic settlement of the Black Sea in the 4th century. Along with the Greeks, Alans, Bulgars and others, they made up part of the population in Crimea that followed Orthodox Christianity and were incorporated into the Byzantine Empire as the Principality of Theodoro. After the secession of the principality in the 13th century, Theodoro was overrun by the Mongols and became a vassal of the Golden Horde. The principality enjoyed a period of peace until the Ottoman Empire annexed its capital city of Mangup in 1475.

The Goths managed to maintain their culture and language throughout Ottoman occupation, however a great number of them converted to Islam and assimilated into the Crimean Tatars. During her reign, Catharine the Great invited the Christian Crimean Goths to settle recently conquered lands north of the Sea of Azov. There they were given a special protective status within the Russian Empire and were exempt from the draft.

During World War II many Goths were expelled to various oblasts in Siberia to work as slave labour for the Soviet war machine. Like the Germans in the USSR, the Goths were feared to be sympathetic to the Nazis and therefore were persecuted heavily during World War II. While some Goths returned to the Black Sea after the war, many others had emigrated abroad to countries such as Brazil and Argentina.

== Orthography ==

Since the 1800s Mariupol Gothic has been written in a Cyrillic alphabet based off of the Ukrainian script. The Biblical Gothic alphabet is also used, but it has been mostly limited to the liturgy. However, the Biblical Gothic letter þiuþ <𐌸> was imported to represent the /θ/ sound, it takes a form identical to that of Cyrillic psi.

(This chart is to be updated later as a picture.)

== Phonology ==

=== Vowels ===

Relative to most other Germanic languages, Mariupol Gothic has an incredibly small vowel inventory of just 10 vowels.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
!
! Front
! Central
! Back
|-
! High
| i iː
|
| u uː
|-
! Mid
| e eː
|
| o oː
|-
! Low
!
| a aː
!
|-
|}

Additionally, there are four diphthongs: eə, iə, oə, uə.

== Nouns ==

=== Masculine Stems ===

==== u-stems ====

{| class=wikitable style=text-align:center
|-
!
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Nominative
| винтс ''wints''
| виндэс ''windes''
|-
! Accusative
| винт ''wint''
| виндэнс ''windens''
|-
! Genitive
| виндэс ''windes''
| виндэ ''winde''
|-
! Genitive
| виндэ ''winde''
| виндэм ''windem''
|-
|}

{| class=wikitable style=text-align:center
|-
!
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Nominative
| фаψэр ''faþer'' /ˈfaðər/
| фаψрэс ''faþres'' /ˈfaðrəs/
|-
! Accusative
| фаψэр ''faþer''
| фаψрэнс ''faþrens''
|-
! Genitive
| фаψэрс ''faþers''
| фаψрэ ''faþre''
|-
! Genitive
| фаψэр ''faþer''
| фаψрэм ''faþrem''
|-
|}

{| class=wikitable style=text-align:center
|-
!
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Nominative
| фаψар ''faþar'' [ˈfaðər]
| фаψрюс ''faþrjus'' [ˈfaðrʲʊs]
|-
! Accusative
| фаψар ''faþar'' [ˈfaðər]
| фаψрунс ''faþruns'' [ˈfaðrʊns]
|-
! Genitive
| фаψарс ''faþars'' [ˈfaðərs]
| фаψри ''faþri'' [ˈfaðri]
|-
! Genitive
| фаψар ''faþar'' [ˈfaðər]
| фаψрам ''faþram'' [ˈfaðrəm]
|-
|}

=== Inanimate Masculine Stems ===

Mariupol Gothic inanimate masculine stems are inherited exclusively from Proto-Germanic an-stem masculine nouns. Example of an inanimate masculine stem noun, '''мина''' (moon):

{| class=wikitable style=text-align:center
|-
!
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Nominative
| минэ ''mīne''
| минэнс ''mīnens''
|-
! Accusative
| минэ ''mīne''
| минэнс ''mīnens''
|-
! Genitive
| минэнс ''mīnens''
| минэ ''mīne''
|-
|}

=== Animate Feminine Stems ===

{| class=wikitable style=text-align:center
|-
!
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Nominative
| раздэ
| раздэс
|-
! Oblique
| раздэ
| раздэс
|-
|}

=== Inanimate Feminine Stems ===

{| class=wikitable style=text-align:center
|-
!
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Nominative
| разда ''razda''
| раздус ''razdus''
|-
! Accusative
| разда ''razda''
| раздус ''razdus''
|-
! Genitive
| раздус ''razdus''
| разду ''razdu''
|-
|}

=== Strong Neuter Stems ===

Gothish strong neuter stems are made up of former Proto-Germanic a- and u-stem neuters. Example of a strong neuter stem noun, '''бро̄т''' (bread):

{| class=wikitable style=text-align:center
|-
!
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Nominative
| брөт ''brøt''
| брөдэ ''brøde''
|-
! Accusative
| брөт ''brøt''
| брөдэ ''brøde''
|-
! Genitive
| брөдэс ''brødes''
| брөдэ ''brøde''
|-
! Dative
| брөдэ ''brøde''
| брөдэм ''brødem''
|-
|}

=== Weak Neuter Stems ===

Mariupol Gothic weak neuter stems are inherited exclusively from Proto-Germanic an-stem neuters. Example of a weak neuter stem noun, '''о̄гэ''' (eye):

{| class=wikitable style=text-align:center
|-
!
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Nominative
| өгэ ''øge''
| өгэнэ ''øgene''
|-
! Accusative
| өгэ ''øge''
| өгэнэ ''øgene''
|-
! Genitive
| өгэнс ''øgens''
| өгэнэ ''øgene''
|-
! Dative
| өгэн ''øgen''
| өгэм ''øgem''
|-
|}

== Adjectives ==

The adjectives have been greatly simplified since Proto-Germanic. They are divided into two different forms, strong and weak, and agree in case, number and gender with the noun they modify.

{| class=wikitable style=text-align:center
!colspan=7|Strong
!colspan=6|Weak
|-
!rowspan=2|
!colspan=2|Masculine
!colspan=2|Feminine
!colspan=2|Neuter
!colspan=2|Masculine
!colspan=2|Feminine
!colspan=2|Neuter
|-
!SG
!PL
!SG
!PL
!SG
!PL
!SG
!PL
!SG
!PL
!SG
!PL
|-
!NOM
| -с || rowspan=2 | -э || rowspan=2 | -э || rowspan=2 | -эс || rowspan=2 | -этэ - || rowspan=2 | -э || rowspan=2 | -э || rowspan=2 | -энс || -э || rowspan=2 | -энс || rowspan=2 | -э || rowspan=2 | -энэ
|-
!OBL
| - || -эн
|}

== Verbs ==

Verbs are usually cited in four parts: the infinitive, the
Typically, the preterite

All verbs regardless of class share an infinitive ending in -эн.

The passive voice is formed with the past participle and the word геэн ''geen'' "to go."

== Class II ==

{| class=wikitable style=text-align:center
!rowspan=2|
!colspan=2|Present
!colspan=2|Preterite
|-
!SG
!PL
!SG
!PL
|-
!1st
| бю̄дэ || бю̄дэмс || бōт || будэм
|-
!2nd
| бю̄дэс || бю̄дэт || бōст || будэт
|-
!3rd
| бю̄дэт || бю̄дэн || бōт || будэн
|-
!rowspan=2|
!INF
!IMP
!PART.PRS
!PART.PST
|-
|| бю̄дэн || бю̄т || бю̄дэнс || бодэнс
|}

== Lord's Prayer ==

'''атта унсар ѳу ин еминам
вихна ѳин нама
квема ѳин рика
верѳа ѳинс виля
шве ин емина ях ана ерѳа'''

Mariupol Gothic

2025-10-10T17:24:55Z

Aelfwine: /* Vowels */

{{Infobox language
|image =
|imagesize =
|imagecaption =
|name = Mariupol Gothic
|nativename = Гутишка (Gutiškă)
|pronunciation = 'ɦutɪʃkə
|states = Ukraine
|setting = Earth
|created = 2019
|familycolor = Indo-European
|fam2 = [[w:Germanic languages|Germanic]]
|fam3 = [[w:East Germanic languages|East Germanic]]
|fam4 =
|fam5 =
|creator = User:Aelfwine
|stand1 =
|dia1 =
|dia2 =
|dia3 =
|script1 = Cyrl
|script2 = Latn
|script3 =
|script4 =
|nation =
|minority = Ukraine, Russia
|agency =
|map =
|mapsize =
|mapcaption =
|notice = IPA
|ethnicity =
|ancestor = [[w:Proto-Indo-European language|Proto-Indo-European]]
|ancestor2 = [[w:Proto-Germanic language|Proto-Germanic]]
|ancestor3 = Old Gothic
|ancestor4 = Middle Gothic
|ancestor5 =
}}

'''Mariupol Gothic''' (natively '''Гутишка ''Gutiškă''''' ['ɦutɪʃkə]) or '''Gothish''' is a Germanic language spoken by approximately 45,000 people on the northern coast of the Sea of Azov. It is an East Germanic language, closely related to Biblical Gothic, however the language is not a lineal descendant of Biblical Gothic. Nonetheless the speakers of Mariupol Gothic refer to themselves as "Goths" and their language still shares enough similarities with Gothic to be considered related. The language is critically endangered, with only a handful of native speakers remaining, with most acquiring the language as an L2.

== History ==

The history of the Goths in Ukraine begins with the Ostrogothic settlement of the Black Sea in the 4th century. Along with the Greeks, Alans, Bulgars and others, they made up part of the population in Crimea that followed Orthodox Christianity and were incorporated into the Byzantine Empire as the Principality of Theodoro. After the secession of the principality in the 13th century, Theodoro was overrun by the Mongols and became a vassal of the Golden Horde. The principality enjoyed a period of peace until the Ottoman Empire annexed its capital city of Mangup in 1475.

The Goths managed to maintain their culture and language throughout Ottoman occupation, however a great number of them converted to Islam and assimilated into the Crimean Tatars. During her reign, Catharine the Great invited the Christian Crimean Goths to settle recently conquered lands north of the Sea of Azov. There they were given a special protective status within the Russian Empire and were exempt from the draft.

During World War II many Goths were expelled to various oblasts in Siberia to work as slave labour for the Soviet war machine. Like the Germans in the USSR, the Goths were feared to be sympathetic to the Nazis and therefore were persecuted heavily during World War II. While some Goths returned to the Black Sea after the war, many others had emigrated abroad to countries such as Brazil and Argentina.

== Orthography ==

Since the 1800s Mariupol Gothic has been written in a Cyrillic alphabet based off of the Ukrainian script. The Biblical Gothic alphabet is also used, but it has been mostly limited to the liturgy. However, the Biblical Gothic letter þiuþ <𐌸> was imported to represent the /θ/ sound, it takes a form identical to that of Cyrillic psi.

(This chart is to be updated later as a picture.)

== Phonology ==

=== Vowels ===

Relative to most other Germanic languages, Mariupol Gothic has an incredibly small vowel inventory of just 10 vowels.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
!
! Front
! Central
! Back
|-
! High
| i iː
|
| u uː
|-
! Mid
| e eː
|
| o oː
|-
! Low
!
| a aː
!
|-
|}

Additionally, there are four diphthongs: eə, iə, oə, uə.

== Nouns ==

=== Masculine Stems ===

==== u-stems ====

{| class=wikitable style=text-align:center
|-
!
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Nominative
| винтс ''wints''
| виндэс ''windes''
|-
! Accusative
| винт ''wint''
| виндэнс ''windens''
|-
! Genitive
| виндэс ''windes''
| виндэ ''winde''
|-
! Genitive
| виндэ ''winde''
| виндэм ''windem''
|-
|}

{| class=wikitable style=text-align:center
|-
!
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Nominative
| фаψэр ''faþer'' /ˈfaðər/
| фаψрэс ''faþres'' /ˈfaðrəs/
|-
! Accusative
| фаψэр ''faþer''
| фаψрэнс ''faþrens''
|-
! Genitive
| фаψэрс ''faþers''
| фаψрэ ''faþre''
|-
! Genitive
| фаψэр ''faþer''
| фаψрэм ''faþrem''
|-
|}

{| class=wikitable style=text-align:center
|-
!
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Nominative
| фаψар ''faþar'' [ˈfaðər]
| фаψрюс ''faþrjus'' [ˈfaðrʲʊs]
|-
! Accusative
| фаψар ''faþar'' [ˈfaðər]
| фаψрунс ''faþruns'' [ˈfaðrʊns]
|-
! Genitive
| фаψарс ''faþars'' [ˈfaðərs]
| фаψри ''faþri'' [ˈfaðri]
|-
! Genitive
| фаψар ''faþar'' [ˈfaðər]
| фаψрам ''faþram'' [ˈfaðrəm]
|-
|}

=== Inanimate Masculine Stems ===

Mariupol Gothic inanimate masculine stems are inherited exclusively from Proto-Germanic an-stem masculine nouns. Example of an inanimate masculine stem noun, '''мина''' (moon):

{| class=wikitable style=text-align:center
|-
!
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Nominative
| минa ''mīnа''
| минaнс ''mīnаns''
|-
! Accusative
| минa ''mīnа''
| минaнс ''mīnаns''
|-
! Genitive
| минaнс ''mīnаns''
| мини ''mīni''
|-
|}

=== Animate Feminine Stems ===

{| class=wikitable style=text-align:center
|-
!
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Nominative
| раздэ
| раздэс
|-
! Oblique
| раздэ
| раздэс
|-
|}

=== Inanimate Feminine Stems ===

{| class=wikitable style=text-align:center
|-
!
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Nominative
| разда ''razda''
| раздус ''razdus''
|-
! Accusative
| разда ''razda''
| раздус ''razdus''
|-
! Genitive
| раздус ''razdus''
| разду ''razdu''
|-
|}

=== Strong Neuter Stems ===

Gothish strong neuter stems are made up of former Proto-Germanic a- and u-stem neuters. Example of a strong neuter stem noun, '''бро̄т''' (bread):

{| class=wikitable style=text-align:center
|-
!
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Nominative
| брөт ''brøt''
| брөдэ ''brøde''
|-
! Accusative
| брөт ''brøt''
| брөдэ ''brøde''
|-
! Genitive
| брөдэс ''brødes''
| брөдэ ''brøde''
|-
! Dative
| брөдэ ''brøde''
| брөдэм ''brødem''
|-
|}

=== Weak Neuter Stems ===

Mariupol Gothic weak neuter stems are inherited exclusively from Proto-Germanic an-stem neuters. Example of a weak neuter stem noun, '''о̄гэ''' (eye):

{| class=wikitable style=text-align:center
|-
!
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Nominative
| өгэ ''øge''
| өгэнэ ''øgene''
|-
! Accusative
| өгэ ''øge''
| өгэнэ ''øgene''
|-
! Genitive
| өгэнс ''øgens''
| өгэнэ ''øgene''
|-
! Dative
| өгэн ''øgen''
| өгэм ''øgem''
|-
|}

== Adjectives ==

The adjectives have been greatly simplified since Proto-Germanic. They are divided into two different forms, strong and weak, and agree in case, number and gender with the noun they modify.

{| class=wikitable style=text-align:center
!colspan=7|Strong
!colspan=6|Weak
|-
!rowspan=2|
!colspan=2|Masculine
!colspan=2|Feminine
!colspan=2|Neuter
!colspan=2|Masculine
!colspan=2|Feminine
!colspan=2|Neuter
|-
!SG
!PL
!SG
!PL
!SG
!PL
!SG
!PL
!SG
!PL
!SG
!PL
|-
!NOM
| -с || rowspan=2 | -э || rowspan=2 | -э || rowspan=2 | -эс || rowspan=2 | -этэ - || rowspan=2 | -э || rowspan=2 | -э || rowspan=2 | -энс || -э || rowspan=2 | -энс || rowspan=2 | -э || rowspan=2 | -энэ
|-
!OBL
| - || -эн
|}

== Verbs ==

Verbs are usually cited in four parts: the infinitive, the
Typically, the preterite

All verbs regardless of class share an infinitive ending in -эн.

The passive voice is formed with the past participle and the word геэн ''geen'' "to go."

== Class II ==

{| class=wikitable style=text-align:center
!rowspan=2|
!colspan=2|Present
!colspan=2|Preterite
|-
!SG
!PL
!SG
!PL
|-
!1st
| бю̄дэ || бю̄дэмс || бōт || будэм
|-
!2nd
| бю̄дэс || бю̄дэт || бōст || будэт
|-
!3rd
| бю̄дэт || бю̄дэн || бōт || будэн
|-
!rowspan=2|
!INF
!IMP
!PART.PRS
!PART.PST
|-
|| бю̄дэн || бю̄т || бю̄дэнс || бодэнс
|}

== Lord's Prayer ==

'''атта унсар ѳу ин еминам
вихна ѳин нама
квема ѳин рика
верѳа ѳинс виля
шве ин емина ях ана ерѳа'''

Mariupol Gothic

2025-09-01T02:20:47Z

Aelfwine: /* Orthography */

{{Infobox language
|image =
|imagesize =
|imagecaption =
|name = Mariupol Gothic
|nativename = Гутишка (Gutiškă)
|pronunciation = 'ɦutɪʃkə
|states = Ukraine
|setting = Earth
|created = 2019
|familycolor = Indo-European
|fam2 = [[w:Germanic languages|Germanic]]
|fam3 = [[w:East Germanic languages|East Germanic]]
|fam4 =
|fam5 =
|creator = User:Aelfwine
|stand1 =
|dia1 =
|dia2 =
|dia3 =
|script1 = Cyrl
|script2 = Latn
|script3 =
|script4 =
|nation =
|minority = Ukraine, Russia
|agency =
|map =
|mapsize =
|mapcaption =
|notice = IPA
|ethnicity =
|ancestor = [[w:Proto-Indo-European language|Proto-Indo-European]]
|ancestor2 = [[w:Proto-Germanic language|Proto-Germanic]]
|ancestor3 = Old Gothic
|ancestor4 = Middle Gothic
|ancestor5 =
}}

'''Mariupol Gothic''' (natively '''Гутишка ''Gutiškă''''' ['ɦutɪʃkə]) or '''Gothish''' is a Germanic language spoken by approximately 45,000 people on the northern coast of the Sea of Azov. It is an East Germanic language, closely related to Biblical Gothic, however the language is not a lineal descendant of Biblical Gothic. Nonetheless the speakers of Mariupol Gothic refer to themselves as "Goths" and their language still shares enough similarities with Gothic to be considered related. The language is critically endangered, with only a handful of native speakers remaining, with most acquiring the language as an L2.

== History ==

The history of the Goths in Ukraine begins with the Ostrogothic settlement of the Black Sea in the 4th century. Along with the Greeks, Alans, Bulgars and others, they made up part of the population in Crimea that followed Orthodox Christianity and were incorporated into the Byzantine Empire as the Principality of Theodoro. After the secession of the principality in the 13th century, Theodoro was overrun by the Mongols and became a vassal of the Golden Horde. The principality enjoyed a period of peace until the Ottoman Empire annexed its capital city of Mangup in 1475.

The Goths managed to maintain their culture and language throughout Ottoman occupation, however a great number of them converted to Islam and assimilated into the Crimean Tatars. During her reign, Catharine the Great invited the Christian Crimean Goths to settle recently conquered lands north of the Sea of Azov. There they were given a special protective status within the Russian Empire and were exempt from the draft.

During World War II many Goths were expelled to various oblasts in Siberia to work as slave labour for the Soviet war machine. Like the Germans in the USSR, the Goths were feared to be sympathetic to the Nazis and therefore were persecuted heavily during World War II. While some Goths returned to the Black Sea after the war, many others had emigrated abroad to countries such as Brazil and Argentina.

== Orthography ==

Since the 1800s Mariupol Gothic has been written in a Cyrillic alphabet based off of the Ukrainian script. The Biblical Gothic alphabet is also used, but it has been mostly limited to the liturgy. However, the Biblical Gothic letter þiuþ <𐌸> was imported to represent the /θ/ sound, it takes a form identical to that of Cyrillic psi.

(This chart is to be updated later as a picture.)

== Phonology ==

=== Vowels ===

Relative to most other Germanic languages, Mariupol Gothic has an incredibly small vowel inventory of just 10 vowels.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
!
! Front
! Central
! Back
|-
! High
| i iː
|
| u uː
|-
! Mid
| e eː
|
| o oː
|-
! Low
!
| a aː
!
|-
|}

Additionally, /a/, /i/ and /u/ have the following allophones when unstressed:

* /i/ is realized as [ɪ].
* /u/ is realized as [ʊ].
* /a/ is either realized as a schwa, [ə] or sometimes [ɐ].

== Nouns ==

=== Masculine Stems ===

==== u-stems ====

{| class=wikitable style=text-align:center
|-
!
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Nominative
| винтс ''wints''
| виндэс ''windes''
|-
! Accusative
| винт ''wint''
| виндэнс ''windens''
|-
! Genitive
| виндэс ''windes''
| виндэ ''winde''
|-
! Genitive
| виндэ ''winde''
| виндэм ''windem''
|-
|}

{| class=wikitable style=text-align:center
|-
!
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Nominative
| фаψэр ''faþer'' /ˈfaðər/
| фаψрэс ''faþres'' /ˈfaðrəs/
|-
! Accusative
| фаψэр ''faþer''
| фаψрэнс ''faþrens''
|-
! Genitive
| фаψэрс ''faþers''
| фаψрэ ''faþre''
|-
! Genitive
| фаψэр ''faþer''
| фаψрэм ''faþrem''
|-
|}

{| class=wikitable style=text-align:center
|-
!
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Nominative
| фаψар ''faþar'' [ˈfaðər]
| фаψрюс ''faþrjus'' [ˈfaðrʲʊs]
|-
! Accusative
| фаψар ''faþar'' [ˈfaðər]
| фаψрунс ''faþruns'' [ˈfaðrʊns]
|-
! Genitive
| фаψарс ''faþars'' [ˈfaðərs]
| фаψри ''faþri'' [ˈfaðri]
|-
! Genitive
| фаψар ''faþar'' [ˈfaðər]
| фаψрам ''faþram'' [ˈfaðrəm]
|-
|}

=== Inanimate Masculine Stems ===

Mariupol Gothic inanimate masculine stems are inherited exclusively from Proto-Germanic an-stem masculine nouns. Example of an inanimate masculine stem noun, '''мина''' (moon):

{| class=wikitable style=text-align:center
|-
!
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Nominative
| минa ''mīnа''
| минaнс ''mīnаns''
|-
! Accusative
| минa ''mīnа''
| минaнс ''mīnаns''
|-
! Genitive
| минaнс ''mīnаns''
| мини ''mīni''
|-
|}

=== Animate Feminine Stems ===

{| class=wikitable style=text-align:center
|-
!
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Nominative
| раздэ
| раздэс
|-
! Oblique
| раздэ
| раздэс
|-
|}

=== Inanimate Feminine Stems ===

{| class=wikitable style=text-align:center
|-
!
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Nominative
| разда ''razda''
| раздус ''razdus''
|-
! Accusative
| разда ''razda''
| раздус ''razdus''
|-
! Genitive
| раздус ''razdus''
| разду ''razdu''
|-
|}

=== Strong Neuter Stems ===

Gothish strong neuter stems are made up of former Proto-Germanic a- and u-stem neuters. Example of a strong neuter stem noun, '''бро̄т''' (bread):

{| class=wikitable style=text-align:center
|-
!
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Nominative
| брөт ''brøt''
| брөдэ ''brøde''
|-
! Accusative
| брөт ''brøt''
| брөдэ ''brøde''
|-
! Genitive
| брөдэс ''brødes''
| брөдэ ''brøde''
|-
! Dative
| брөдэ ''brøde''
| брөдэм ''brødem''
|-
|}

=== Weak Neuter Stems ===

Mariupol Gothic weak neuter stems are inherited exclusively from Proto-Germanic an-stem neuters. Example of a weak neuter stem noun, '''о̄гэ''' (eye):

{| class=wikitable style=text-align:center
|-
!
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Nominative
| өгэ ''øge''
| өгэнэ ''øgene''
|-
! Accusative
| өгэ ''øge''
| өгэнэ ''øgene''
|-
! Genitive
| өгэнс ''øgens''
| өгэнэ ''øgene''
|-
! Dative
| өгэн ''øgen''
| өгэм ''øgem''
|-
|}

== Adjectives ==

The adjectives have been greatly simplified since Proto-Germanic. They are divided into two different forms, strong and weak, and agree in case, number and gender with the noun they modify.

{| class=wikitable style=text-align:center
!colspan=7|Strong
!colspan=6|Weak
|-
!rowspan=2|
!colspan=2|Masculine
!colspan=2|Feminine
!colspan=2|Neuter
!colspan=2|Masculine
!colspan=2|Feminine
!colspan=2|Neuter
|-
!SG
!PL
!SG
!PL
!SG
!PL
!SG
!PL
!SG
!PL
!SG
!PL
|-
!NOM
| -с || rowspan=2 | -э || rowspan=2 | -э || rowspan=2 | -эс || rowspan=2 | -этэ - || rowspan=2 | -э || rowspan=2 | -э || rowspan=2 | -энс || -э || rowspan=2 | -энс || rowspan=2 | -э || rowspan=2 | -энэ
|-
!OBL
| - || -эн
|}

== Verbs ==

Verbs are usually cited in four parts: the infinitive, the
Typically, the preterite

All verbs regardless of class share an infinitive ending in -эн.

The passive voice is formed with the past participle and the word геэн ''geen'' "to go."

== Class II ==

{| class=wikitable style=text-align:center
!rowspan=2|
!colspan=2|Present
!colspan=2|Preterite
|-
!SG
!PL
!SG
!PL
|-
!1st
| бю̄дэ || бю̄дэмс || бōт || будэм
|-
!2nd
| бю̄дэс || бю̄дэт || бōст || будэт
|-
!3rd
| бю̄дэт || бю̄дэн || бōт || будэн
|-
!rowspan=2|
!INF
!IMP
!PART.PRS
!PART.PST
|-
|| бю̄дэн || бю̄т || бю̄дэнс || бодэнс
|}

== Lord's Prayer ==

'''атта унсар ѳу ин еминам
вихна ѳин нама
квема ѳин рика
верѳа ѳинс виля
шве ин емина ях ана ерѳа'''

Mariupol Gothic

2025-08-26T05:26:11Z

Aelfwine: /* Nouns */

{{Infobox language
|image =
|imagesize =
|imagecaption =
|name = Mariupol Gothic
|nativename = Гутишка (Gutiškă)
|pronunciation = 'ɦutɪʃkə
|states = Ukraine
|setting = Earth
|created = 2019
|familycolor = Indo-European
|fam2 = [[w:Germanic languages|Germanic]]
|fam3 = [[w:East Germanic languages|East Germanic]]
|fam4 =
|fam5 =
|creator = User:Aelfwine
|stand1 =
|dia1 =
|dia2 =
|dia3 =
|script1 = Cyrl
|script2 = Latn
|script3 =
|script4 =
|nation =
|minority = Ukraine, Russia
|agency =
|map =
|mapsize =
|mapcaption =
|notice = IPA
|ethnicity =
|ancestor = [[w:Proto-Indo-European language|Proto-Indo-European]]
|ancestor2 = [[w:Proto-Germanic language|Proto-Germanic]]
|ancestor3 = Old Gothic
|ancestor4 = Middle Gothic
|ancestor5 =
}}

'''Mariupol Gothic''' (natively '''Гутишка ''Gutiškă''''' ['ɦutɪʃkə]) or '''Gothish''' is a Germanic language spoken by approximately 45,000 people on the northern coast of the Sea of Azov. It is an East Germanic language, closely related to Biblical Gothic, however the language is not a lineal descendant of Biblical Gothic. Nonetheless the speakers of Mariupol Gothic refer to themselves as "Goths" and their language still shares enough similarities with Gothic to be considered related. The language is critically endangered, with only a handful of native speakers remaining, with most acquiring the language as an L2.

== History ==

The history of the Goths in Ukraine begins with the Ostrogothic settlement of the Black Sea in the 4th century. Along with the Greeks, Alans, Bulgars and others, they made up part of the population in Crimea that followed Orthodox Christianity and were incorporated into the Byzantine Empire as the Principality of Theodoro. After the secession of the principality in the 13th century, Theodoro was overrun by the Mongols and became a vassal of the Golden Horde. The principality enjoyed a period of peace until the Ottoman Empire annexed its capital city of Mangup in 1475.

The Goths managed to maintain their culture and language throughout Ottoman occupation, however a great number of them converted to Islam and assimilated into the Crimean Tatars. During her reign, Catharine the Great invited the Christian Crimean Goths to settle recently conquered lands north of the Sea of Azov. There they were given a special protective status within the Russian Empire and were exempt from the draft.

During World War II many Goths were expelled to various oblasts in Siberia to work as slave labour for the Soviet war machine. Like the Germans in the USSR, the Goths were feared to be sympathetic to the Nazis and therefore were persecuted heavily during World War II. While some Goths returned to the Black Sea after the war, many others had emigrated abroad to countries such as Brazil and Argentina.

== Orthography ==

Since the 1800s Mariupol Gothic has been written in a Cyrillic alphabet based off of the Ukrainian script. The Biblical Gothic alphabet is also used, but it has been mostly limited to the liturgy. However, the Biblical Gothic letter þiuþ <𐌸> was imported to represent the /θ/ sound, it takes a form identical to that of Cyrillic psi.

(This chart is to be updated later as a picture.)

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Cyrillic
! Biblical Gothic
! Romanization
! Phoneme
|-
| [[w:A (Cyrillic)|А а]] || 𐌰 || a || /ɐ/
|-
| [[w:Be (Cyrillic)|Б б]] || 𐌱 || b || /b/
|-
| [[w:Ve (Cyrillic)|В в]] || 𐌱 (but smaller) || v || /v/
|-
| [[w:Ge (Cyrillic)|Г г]] || 𐌲 || gh || /ɣ/
|-
| [[w:Ghe with upturn|Ґ ґ]] || 𐌲' || g || /g/
|-
| [[w:De (Cyrillic)|Д д]] || 𐌳 || d || /d/
|-
| [[w:Ye (Cyrillic)|Е e]] || 𐌴 || e || /e/
|-
| [[w:Ukrainian Ye|Є є]] || 𐌾𐌴 || je || /je/
|-
| [[w:Ze (Cyrillic)|З з]] || 𐌶 || z || /z/
|-
| [[w:I (Cyrillic)|И и]] || 𐌹 || i || /i/
|-
| [[w:Ka (Cyrillic)|К к]] || 𐌺 || k || /k/
|-
| [[w:El (Cyrillic)|Л л]] || 𐌻 || l || /l/
|-
| [[w:Em (Cyrillic)|М м]] || 𐌼 || m || /m/
|-
| [[w:En (Cyrillic)|Н н]] || 𐌽 || n || /n/
|-
| [[w:O (Cyrillic)|О o]] || 𐍉 || o || /o/
|-
| [[w:Pe (Cyrillic)|П п]] || 𐍀 || p || /p/
|-
| [[w:Er (Cyrillic)|Р р]] || 𐍂 || r || /r/
|-
| [[w:Es (Cyrillic)|С с]] || 𐍃 || s || /s/
|-
| [[w:Te (Cyrillic)|Т т]] || 𐍄 || t || /t/
|-
| [[w:U (Cyrillic)|У у]] || 𐌿 || u || /u/
|-
| [[w:Ef (Cyrillic)|Ф ф]] || 𐍆 || f || /f/
|-
| [[w:Psi (Cyrillic)|Ѱ ѱ]] || 𐌸 || th || /θ/
|-
| [[w:Kha (Cyrillic)|Х х]] || 𐍇 || ch || /x/
|-
| [[w:Sha (Cyrillic)|Ш ш]] || 𐌵 || sch || /ʃ/
|-
| [[w:Shcha|Щ щ]] || 𐍁 || scht || /ʃt/
|-
| [[w:Ya (Cyrillic)| Я я]] || 𐌾𐌰 || ja || /ja/
|}

== Phonology ==

=== Vowels ===

Relative to most other Germanic languages, Mariupol Gothic has an incredibly small vowel inventory of just 10 vowels.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
!
! Front
! Central
! Back
|-
! High
| i iː
|
| u uː
|-
! Mid
| e eː
|
| o oː
|-
! Low
!
| a aː
!
|-
|}

Additionally, /a/, /i/ and /u/ have the following allophones when unstressed:

* /i/ is realized as [ɪ].
* /u/ is realized as [ʊ].
* /a/ is either realized as a schwa, [ə] or sometimes [ɐ].

== Nouns ==

=== Masculine Stems ===

==== u-stems ====

{| class=wikitable style=text-align:center
|-
!
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Nominative
| винтс ''wints''
| виндэс ''windes''
|-
! Accusative
| винт ''wint''
| виндэнс ''windens''
|-
! Genitive
| виндэс ''windes''
| виндэ ''winde''
|-
! Genitive
| виндэ ''winde''
| виндэм ''windem''
|-
|}

{| class=wikitable style=text-align:center
|-
!
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Nominative
| фаψэр ''faþer'' /ˈfaðər/
| фаψрэс ''faþres'' /ˈfaðrəs/
|-
! Accusative
| фаψэр ''faþer''
| фаψрэнс ''faþrens''
|-
! Genitive
| фаψэрс ''faþers''
| фаψрэ ''faþre''
|-
! Genitive
| фаψэр ''faþer''
| фаψрэм ''faþrem''
|-
|}

{| class=wikitable style=text-align:center
|-
!
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Nominative
| фаψар ''faþar'' [ˈfaðər]
| фаψрюс ''faþrjus'' [ˈfaðrʲʊs]
|-
! Accusative
| фаψар ''faþar'' [ˈfaðər]
| фаψрунс ''faþruns'' [ˈfaðrʊns]
|-
! Genitive
| фаψарс ''faþars'' [ˈfaðərs]
| фаψри ''faþri'' [ˈfaðri]
|-
! Genitive
| фаψар ''faþar'' [ˈfaðər]
| фаψрам ''faþram'' [ˈfaðrəm]
|-
|}

=== Inanimate Masculine Stems ===

Mariupol Gothic inanimate masculine stems are inherited exclusively from Proto-Germanic an-stem masculine nouns. Example of an inanimate masculine stem noun, '''мина''' (moon):

{| class=wikitable style=text-align:center
|-
!
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Nominative
| минa ''mīnа''
| минaнс ''mīnаns''
|-
! Accusative
| минa ''mīnа''
| минaнс ''mīnаns''
|-
! Genitive
| минaнс ''mīnаns''
| мини ''mīni''
|-
|}

=== Animate Feminine Stems ===

{| class=wikitable style=text-align:center
|-
!
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Nominative
| раздэ
| раздэс
|-
! Oblique
| раздэ
| раздэс
|-
|}

=== Inanimate Feminine Stems ===

{| class=wikitable style=text-align:center
|-
!
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Nominative
| разда ''razda''
| раздус ''razdus''
|-
! Accusative
| разда ''razda''
| раздус ''razdus''
|-
! Genitive
| раздус ''razdus''
| разду ''razdu''
|-
|}

=== Strong Neuter Stems ===

Gothish strong neuter stems are made up of former Proto-Germanic a- and u-stem neuters. Example of a strong neuter stem noun, '''бро̄т''' (bread):

{| class=wikitable style=text-align:center
|-
!
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Nominative
| брөт ''brøt''
| брөдэ ''brøde''
|-
! Accusative
| брөт ''brøt''
| брөдэ ''brøde''
|-
! Genitive
| брөдэс ''brødes''
| брөдэ ''brøde''
|-
! Dative
| брөдэ ''brøde''
| брөдэм ''brødem''
|-
|}

=== Weak Neuter Stems ===

Mariupol Gothic weak neuter stems are inherited exclusively from Proto-Germanic an-stem neuters. Example of a weak neuter stem noun, '''о̄гэ''' (eye):

{| class=wikitable style=text-align:center
|-
!
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Nominative
| өгэ ''øge''
| өгэнэ ''øgene''
|-
! Accusative
| өгэ ''øge''
| өгэнэ ''øgene''
|-
! Genitive
| өгэнс ''øgens''
| өгэнэ ''øgene''
|-
! Dative
| өгэн ''øgen''
| өгэм ''øgem''
|-
|}

== Adjectives ==

The adjectives have been greatly simplified since Proto-Germanic. They are divided into two different forms, strong and weak, and agree in case, number and gender with the noun they modify.

{| class=wikitable style=text-align:center
!colspan=7|Strong
!colspan=6|Weak
|-
!rowspan=2|
!colspan=2|Masculine
!colspan=2|Feminine
!colspan=2|Neuter
!colspan=2|Masculine
!colspan=2|Feminine
!colspan=2|Neuter
|-
!SG
!PL
!SG
!PL
!SG
!PL
!SG
!PL
!SG
!PL
!SG
!PL
|-
!NOM
| -с || rowspan=2 | -э || rowspan=2 | -э || rowspan=2 | -эс || rowspan=2 | -этэ - || rowspan=2 | -э || rowspan=2 | -э || rowspan=2 | -энс || -э || rowspan=2 | -энс || rowspan=2 | -э || rowspan=2 | -энэ
|-
!OBL
| - || -эн
|}

== Verbs ==

Verbs are usually cited in four parts: the infinitive, the
Typically, the preterite

All verbs regardless of class share an infinitive ending in -эн.

The passive voice is formed with the past participle and the word геэн ''geen'' "to go."

== Class II ==

{| class=wikitable style=text-align:center
!rowspan=2|
!colspan=2|Present
!colspan=2|Preterite
|-
!SG
!PL
!SG
!PL
|-
!1st
| бю̄дэ || бю̄дэмс || бōт || будэм
|-
!2nd
| бю̄дэс || бю̄дэт || бōст || будэт
|-
!3rd
| бю̄дэт || бю̄дэн || бōт || будэн
|-
!rowspan=2|
!INF
!IMP
!PART.PRS
!PART.PST
|-
|| бю̄дэн || бю̄т || бю̄дэнс || бодэнс
|}

== Lord's Prayer ==

'''атта унсар ѳу ин еминам
вихна ѳин нама
квема ѳин рика
верѳа ѳинс виля
шве ин емина ях ана ерѳа'''

Mariupol Gothic

2025-08-13T07:01:46Z

Aelfwine:

{{Infobox language
|image =
|imagesize =
|imagecaption =
|name = Mariupol Gothic
|nativename = Гутишка (Gutiškă)
|pronunciation = 'ɦutɪʃkə
|states = Ukraine
|setting = Earth
|created = 2019
|familycolor = Indo-European
|fam2 = [[w:Germanic languages|Germanic]]
|fam3 = [[w:East Germanic languages|East Germanic]]
|fam4 =
|fam5 =
|creator = User:Aelfwine
|stand1 =
|dia1 =
|dia2 =
|dia3 =
|script1 = Cyrl
|script2 = Latn
|script3 =
|script4 =
|nation =
|minority = Ukraine, Russia
|agency =
|map =
|mapsize =
|mapcaption =
|notice = IPA
|ethnicity =
|ancestor = [[w:Proto-Indo-European language|Proto-Indo-European]]
|ancestor2 = [[w:Proto-Germanic language|Proto-Germanic]]
|ancestor3 = Old Gothic
|ancestor4 = Middle Gothic
|ancestor5 =
}}

'''Mariupol Gothic''' (natively '''Гутишка ''Gutiškă''''' ['ɦutɪʃkə]) or '''Gothish''' is a Germanic language spoken by approximately 45,000 people on the northern coast of the Sea of Azov. It is an East Germanic language, closely related to Biblical Gothic, however the language is not a lineal descendant of Biblical Gothic. Nonetheless the speakers of Mariupol Gothic refer to themselves as "Goths" and their language still shares enough similarities with Gothic to be considered related. The language is critically endangered, with only a handful of native speakers remaining, with most acquiring the language as an L2.

== History ==

The history of the Goths in Ukraine begins with the Ostrogothic settlement of the Black Sea in the 4th century. Along with the Greeks, Alans, Bulgars and others, they made up part of the population in Crimea that followed Orthodox Christianity and were incorporated into the Byzantine Empire as the Principality of Theodoro. After the secession of the principality in the 13th century, Theodoro was overrun by the Mongols and became a vassal of the Golden Horde. The principality enjoyed a period of peace until the Ottoman Empire annexed its capital city of Mangup in 1475.

The Goths managed to maintain their culture and language throughout Ottoman occupation, however a great number of them converted to Islam and assimilated into the Crimean Tatars. During her reign, Catharine the Great invited the Christian Crimean Goths to settle recently conquered lands north of the Sea of Azov. There they were given a special protective status within the Russian Empire and were exempt from the draft.

During World War II many Goths were expelled to various oblasts in Siberia to work as slave labour for the Soviet war machine. Like the Germans in the USSR, the Goths were feared to be sympathetic to the Nazis and therefore were persecuted heavily during World War II. While some Goths returned to the Black Sea after the war, many others had emigrated abroad to countries such as Brazil and Argentina.

== Orthography ==

Since the 1800s Mariupol Gothic has been written in a Cyrillic alphabet based off of the Ukrainian script. The Biblical Gothic alphabet is also used, but it has been mostly limited to the liturgy. However, the Biblical Gothic letter þiuþ <𐌸> was imported to represent the /θ/ sound, it takes a form identical to that of Cyrillic psi.

(This chart is to be updated later as a picture.)

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Cyrillic
! Biblical Gothic
! Romanization
! Phoneme
|-
| [[w:A (Cyrillic)|А а]] || 𐌰 || a || /ɐ/
|-
| [[w:Be (Cyrillic)|Б б]] || 𐌱 || b || /b/
|-
| [[w:Ve (Cyrillic)|В в]] || 𐌱 (but smaller) || v || /v/
|-
| [[w:Ge (Cyrillic)|Г г]] || 𐌲 || gh || /ɣ/
|-
| [[w:Ghe with upturn|Ґ ґ]] || 𐌲' || g || /g/
|-
| [[w:De (Cyrillic)|Д д]] || 𐌳 || d || /d/
|-
| [[w:Ye (Cyrillic)|Е e]] || 𐌴 || e || /e/
|-
| [[w:Ukrainian Ye|Є є]] || 𐌾𐌴 || je || /je/
|-
| [[w:Ze (Cyrillic)|З з]] || 𐌶 || z || /z/
|-
| [[w:I (Cyrillic)|И и]] || 𐌹 || i || /i/
|-
| [[w:Ka (Cyrillic)|К к]] || 𐌺 || k || /k/
|-
| [[w:El (Cyrillic)|Л л]] || 𐌻 || l || /l/
|-
| [[w:Em (Cyrillic)|М м]] || 𐌼 || m || /m/
|-
| [[w:En (Cyrillic)|Н н]] || 𐌽 || n || /n/
|-
| [[w:O (Cyrillic)|О o]] || 𐍉 || o || /o/
|-
| [[w:Pe (Cyrillic)|П п]] || 𐍀 || p || /p/
|-
| [[w:Er (Cyrillic)|Р р]] || 𐍂 || r || /r/
|-
| [[w:Es (Cyrillic)|С с]] || 𐍃 || s || /s/
|-
| [[w:Te (Cyrillic)|Т т]] || 𐍄 || t || /t/
|-
| [[w:U (Cyrillic)|У у]] || 𐌿 || u || /u/
|-
| [[w:Ef (Cyrillic)|Ф ф]] || 𐍆 || f || /f/
|-
| [[w:Psi (Cyrillic)|Ѱ ѱ]] || 𐌸 || th || /θ/
|-
| [[w:Kha (Cyrillic)|Х х]] || 𐍇 || ch || /x/
|-
| [[w:Sha (Cyrillic)|Ш ш]] || 𐌵 || sch || /ʃ/
|-
| [[w:Shcha|Щ щ]] || 𐍁 || scht || /ʃt/
|-
| [[w:Ya (Cyrillic)| Я я]] || 𐌾𐌰 || ja || /ja/
|}

== Phonology ==

=== Vowels ===

Relative to most other Germanic languages, Mariupol Gothic has an incredibly small vowel inventory of just 10 vowels.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
!
! Front
! Central
! Back
|-
! High
| i iː
|
| u uː
|-
! Mid
| e eː
|
| o oː
|-
! Low
!
| a aː
!
|-
|}

Additionally, /a/, /i/ and /u/ have the following allophones when unstressed:

* /i/ is realized as [ɪ].
* /u/ is realized as [ʊ].
* /a/ is either realized as a schwa, [ə] or sometimes [ɐ].

== Nouns ==

=== Animate Masculine Stems ===

==== u-stems ====

{| class=wikitable style=text-align:center
|-
!
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Nominative
| каттс ''katts''
| каттус ''kattus''
|-
! Vocative
| катт ''katt''
| каттус ''kattus''
|-
! Accusative
| катт ''katt''
| каттунс ''kattuns''
|-
! Genitive
| катт ''katt''
| каттунс ''kattuns''
|-
|}

=== Inanimate Masculine Stems ===

Mariupol Gothic inanimate masculine stems are inherited exclusively from Proto-Germanic an-stem masculine nouns. Example of an inanimate masculine stem noun, '''мина''' (moon):

{| class=wikitable style=text-align:center
|-
!
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Nominative
| минa ''mīnа''
| минaнс ''mīnаns''
|-
! Accusative
| минa ''mīnа''
| минaнс ''mīnаns''
|-
! Genitive
| минaнс ''mīnаns''
| мини ''mīni''
|-
|}

=== Animate Feminine Stems ===

{| class=wikitable style=text-align:center
|-
!
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Nominative
| раздэ
| раздэс
|-
! Oblique
| раздэ
| раздэс
|-
|}

=== Inanimate Feminine Stems ===

{| class=wikitable style=text-align:center
|-
!
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Nominative
| разда ''razda''
| раздус ''razdus''
|-
! Accusative
| разда ''razda''
| раздус ''razdus''
|-
! Genitive
| раздус ''razdus''
| разду ''razdu''
|-
|}

=== Strong Neuter Stems ===

Gothish strong neuter stems are made up of former Proto-Germanic a- and u-stem neuters. Example of a strong neuter stem noun, '''бро̄т''' (bread):

{| class=wikitable style=text-align:center
|-
!
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Nominative
| брōт
| брōдэ
|-
! Oblique
| брōт
| брōдэ
|-
|}

=== Weak Neuter Stems ===

Mariupol Gothic weak neuter stems are inherited exclusively from Proto-Germanic an-stem neuters. Example of a weak neuter stem noun, '''о̄гэ''' (eye):

{| class=wikitable style=text-align:center
|-
!
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Nominative
| ōгэ
| ōгэнэ
|-
! Oblique
| ōгэ
| ōгэнэ
|-
|}

== Adjectives ==

The adjectives have been greatly simplified since Proto-Germanic. They are divided into two different forms, strong and weak, and agree in case, number and gender with the noun they modify.

{| class=wikitable style=text-align:center
!colspan=7|Strong
!colspan=6|Weak
|-
!rowspan=2|
!colspan=2|Masculine
!colspan=2|Feminine
!colspan=2|Neuter
!colspan=2|Masculine
!colspan=2|Feminine
!colspan=2|Neuter
|-
!SG
!PL
!SG
!PL
!SG
!PL
!SG
!PL
!SG
!PL
!SG
!PL
|-
!NOM
| -с || rowspan=2 | -э || rowspan=2 | -э || rowspan=2 | -эс || rowspan=2 | -этэ - || rowspan=2 | -э || rowspan=2 | -э || rowspan=2 | -энс || -э || rowspan=2 | -энс || rowspan=2 | -э || rowspan=2 | -энэ
|-
!OBL
| - || -эн
|}

== Verbs ==

Verbs are usually cited in four parts: the infinitive, the
Typically, the preterite

All verbs regardless of class share an infinitive ending in -эн.

The passive voice is formed with the past participle and the word геэн ''geen'' "to go."

== Class II ==

{| class=wikitable style=text-align:center
!rowspan=2|
!colspan=2|Present
!colspan=2|Preterite
|-
!SG
!PL
!SG
!PL
|-
!1st
| бю̄дэ || бю̄дэмс || бōт || будэм
|-
!2nd
| бю̄дэс || бю̄дэт || бōст || будэт
|-
!3rd
| бю̄дэт || бю̄дэн || бōт || будэн
|-
!rowspan=2|
!INF
!IMP
!PART.PRS
!PART.PST
|-
|| бю̄дэн || бю̄т || бю̄дэнс || бодэнс
|}

== Lord's Prayer ==

'''атта унсар ѳу ин еминам
вихна ѳин нама
квема ѳин рика
верѳа ѳинс виля
шве ин емина ях ана ерѳа'''

Mariupol Gothic

2025-08-13T05:35:22Z

Aelfwine: /* Orthography */

{{Infobox language
|image =
|imagesize =
|imagecaption =
|name = Mariupol Gothic
|nativename = Гутишка (Gutiškă)
|pronunciation = 'ɦutiʃkə
|states = Ukraine
|setting = Earth
|created = 2019
|familycolor = Indo-European
|fam2 = [[w:Germanic languages|Germanic]]
|fam3 = [[w:East Germanic languages|East Germanic]]
|fam4 =
|fam5 =
|creator = User:Aelfwine
|stand1 =
|dia1 =
|dia2 =
|dia3 =
|script1 = Cyrl
|script2 = Latn
|script3 =
|script4 =
|nation =
|minority = Ukraine, Russia
|agency =
|map =
|mapsize =
|mapcaption =
|notice = IPA
|ethnicity =
|ancestor = [[w:Proto-Indo-European language|Proto-Indo-European]]
|ancestor2 = [[w:Proto-Germanic language|Proto-Germanic]]
|ancestor3 = Old Gothic
|ancestor4 = Middle Gothic
|ancestor5 =
}}

'''Mariupol Gothic''' (natively '''Гутишка ''Gutiškă''''' ['ɦutiʃkə]) or '''Gothish''' is a Germanic language spoken by approximately 45,000 people on the northern coast of the Sea of Azov. It is an East Germanic language, closely related to Biblical Gothic, however the language is not a lineal descendant of Biblical Gothic. Nonetheless the speakers of Mariupol Gothic refer to themselves as "Goths" and their language still shares enough similarities with Gothic to be considered related. The language is critically endangered, with only a handful of native speakers remaining, with most acquiring the language as an L2.

== History ==

The history of the Goths in Ukraine begins with the Ostrogothic settlement of the Black Sea in the 4th century. Along with the Greeks, Alans, Bulgars and others, they made up part of the population in Crimea that followed Orthodox Christianity and were incorporated into the Byzantine Empire as the Principality of Theodoro. After the secession of the principality in the 13th century, Theodoro was overrun by the Mongols and became a vassal of the Golden Horde. The principality enjoyed a period of peace until the Ottoman Empire annexed its capital city of Mangup in 1475.

The Goths managed to maintain their culture and language throughout Ottoman occupation, however a great number of them converted to Islam and assimilated into the Crimean Tatars. During her reign, Catharine the Great invited the Christian Crimean Goths to settle recently conquered lands north of the Sea of Azov. There they were given a special protective status within the Russian Empire and were exempt from the draft.

During World War II many Goths were expelled to various oblasts in Siberia to work as slave labour for the Soviet war machine. Like the Germans in the USSR, the Goths were feared to be sympathetic to the Nazis and therefore were persecuted heavily during World War II. While some Goths returned to the Black Sea after the war, many others had emigrated abroad to countries such as Brazil and Argentina.

== Orthography ==

Since the 1800s Mariupol Gothic has been written in a Cyrillic alphabet based off of the Ukrainian script. The Biblical Gothic alphabet is also used, but it has been mostly limited to the liturgy. However, the Biblical Gothic letter þiuþ <𐌸> was imported to represent the /θ/ sound, it takes a form identical to that of Cyrillic psi.

(This chart is to be updated later as a picture.)

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Cyrillic
! Biblical Gothic
! Romanization
! Phoneme
|-
| [[w:A (Cyrillic)|А а]] || 𐌰 || a || /ɐ/
|-
| [[w:Be (Cyrillic)|Б б]] || 𐌱 || b || /b/
|-
| [[w:Ve (Cyrillic)|В в]] || 𐌱 (but smaller) || v || /v/
|-
| [[w:Ge (Cyrillic)|Г г]] || 𐌲 || gh || /ɣ/
|-
| [[w:Ghe with upturn|Ґ ґ]] || 𐌲' || g || /g/
|-
| [[w:De (Cyrillic)|Д д]] || 𐌳 || d || /d/
|-
| [[w:Ye (Cyrillic)|Е e]] || 𐌴 || e || /e/
|-
| [[w:Ukrainian Ye|Є є]] || 𐌾𐌴 || je || /je/
|-
| [[w:Ze (Cyrillic)|З з]] || 𐌶 || z || /z/
|-
| [[w:I (Cyrillic)|И и]] || 𐌹 || i || /i/
|-
| [[w:Ka (Cyrillic)|К к]] || 𐌺 || k || /k/
|-
| [[w:El (Cyrillic)|Л л]] || 𐌻 || l || /l/
|-
| [[w:Em (Cyrillic)|М м]] || 𐌼 || m || /m/
|-
| [[w:En (Cyrillic)|Н н]] || 𐌽 || n || /n/
|-
| [[w:O (Cyrillic)|О o]] || 𐍉 || o || /o/
|-
| [[w:Pe (Cyrillic)|П п]] || 𐍀 || p || /p/
|-
| [[w:Er (Cyrillic)|Р р]] || 𐍂 || r || /r/
|-
| [[w:Es (Cyrillic)|С с]] || 𐍃 || s || /s/
|-
| [[w:Te (Cyrillic)|Т т]] || 𐍄 || t || /t/
|-
| [[w:U (Cyrillic)|У у]] || 𐌿 || u || /u/
|-
| [[w:Ef (Cyrillic)|Ф ф]] || 𐍆 || f || /f/
|-
| [[w:Psi (Cyrillic)|Ѱ ѱ]] || 𐌸 || th || /θ/
|-
| [[w:Kha (Cyrillic)|Х х]] || 𐍇 || ch || /x/
|-
| [[w:Sha (Cyrillic)|Ш ш]] || 𐌵 || sch || /ʃ/
|-
| [[w:Shcha|Щ щ]] || 𐍁 || scht || /ʃt/
|-
| [[w:Ya (Cyrillic)| Я я]] || 𐌾𐌰 || ja || /ja/
|}

== Phonology ==

=== Vowels ===

Relative to most other Germanic languages, Mariupol Gothic has an incredibly small vowel inventory of just 10 vowels.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
!
! Front
! Central
! Back
|-
! High
| i iː
|
| u uː
|-
! Mid
| e eː
|
| o oː
|-
! Low
!
| a aː
!
|-
|}

Additionally, /a/, /i/ and /u/ have the following allophones when unstressed:

* /i/ is realized as [ɪ].
* /u/ is realized as [ʊ].
* /a/ is either realized as a schwa, [ə] or sometimes [ɐ].

== Nouns ==

=== Animate Masculine Stems ===

==== u-stems ====

{| class=wikitable style=text-align:center
|-
!
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Nominative
| каттс ''katts''
| каттус ''kattus''
|-
! Vocative
| катт ''katt''
| каттус ''kattus''
|-
! Accusative
| катт ''katt''
| каттунс ''kattuns''
|-
! Genitive
| катт ''katt''
| каттунс ''kattuns''
|-
|}

=== Inanimate Masculine Stems ===

Mariupol Gothic inanimate masculine stems are inherited exclusively from Proto-Germanic an-stem masculine nouns. Example of an inanimate masculine stem noun, '''мина''' (moon):

{| class=wikitable style=text-align:center
|-
!
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Nominative
| минa ''mīnа''
| минaнс ''mīnаns''
|-
! Accusative
| минa ''mīnа''
| минaнс ''mīnаns''
|-
! Genitive
| минaнс ''mīnаns''
| мини ''mīni''
|-
|}

=== Animate Feminine Stems ===

{| class=wikitable style=text-align:center
|-
!
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Nominative
| раздэ
| раздэс
|-
! Oblique
| раздэ
| раздэс
|-
|}

=== Inanimate Feminine Stems ===

{| class=wikitable style=text-align:center
|-
!
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Nominative
| разда ''razda''
| раздус ''razdus''
|-
! Accusative
| разда ''razda''
| раздус ''razdus''
|-
! Genitive
| раздус ''razdus''
| разду ''razdu''
|-
|}

=== Strong Neuter Stems ===

Gothish strong neuter stems are made up of former Proto-Germanic a- and u-stem neuters. Example of a strong neuter stem noun, '''бро̄т''' (bread):

{| class=wikitable style=text-align:center
|-
!
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Nominative
| брōт
| брōдэ
|-
! Oblique
| брōт
| брōдэ
|-
|}

=== Weak Neuter Stems ===

Mariupol Gothic weak neuter stems are inherited exclusively from Proto-Germanic an-stem neuters. Example of a weak neuter stem noun, '''о̄гэ''' (eye):

{| class=wikitable style=text-align:center
|-
!
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Nominative
| ōгэ
| ōгэнэ
|-
! Oblique
| ōгэ
| ōгэнэ
|-
|}

== Adjectives ==

The adjectives have been greatly simplified since Proto-Germanic. They are divided into two different forms, strong and weak, and agree in case, number and gender with the noun they modify.

{| class=wikitable style=text-align:center
!colspan=7|Strong
!colspan=6|Weak
|-
!rowspan=2|
!colspan=2|Masculine
!colspan=2|Feminine
!colspan=2|Neuter
!colspan=2|Masculine
!colspan=2|Feminine
!colspan=2|Neuter
|-
!SG
!PL
!SG
!PL
!SG
!PL
!SG
!PL
!SG
!PL
!SG
!PL
|-
!NOM
| -с || rowspan=2 | -э || rowspan=2 | -э || rowspan=2 | -эс || rowspan=2 | -этэ - || rowspan=2 | -э || rowspan=2 | -э || rowspan=2 | -энс || -э || rowspan=2 | -энс || rowspan=2 | -э || rowspan=2 | -энэ
|-
!OBL
| - || -эн
|}

== Verbs ==

Verbs are usually cited in four parts: the infinitive, the
Typically, the preterite

All verbs regardless of class share an infinitive ending in -эн.

The passive voice is formed with the past participle and the word геэн ''geen'' "to go."

== Class II ==

{| class=wikitable style=text-align:center
!rowspan=2|
!colspan=2|Present
!colspan=2|Preterite
|-
!SG
!PL
!SG
!PL
|-
!1st
| бю̄дэ || бю̄дэмс || бōт || будэм
|-
!2nd
| бю̄дэс || бю̄дэт || бōст || будэт
|-
!3rd
| бю̄дэт || бю̄дэн || бōт || будэн
|-
!rowspan=2|
!INF
!IMP
!PART.PRS
!PART.PST
|-
|| бю̄дэн || бю̄т || бю̄дэнс || бодэнс
|}

== Lord's Prayer ==

'''атта унсар ѳу ин еминам
вихна ѳин нама
квема ѳин рика
верѳа ѳинс виля
шве ин емина ях ана ерѳа'''

Mariupol Gothic

2025-08-13T05:30:12Z

Aelfwine: /* Vowels */

{{Infobox language
|image =
|imagesize =
|imagecaption =
|name = Mariupol Gothic
|nativename = Гутишка (Gutiškă)
|pronunciation = 'ɦutiʃkə
|states = Ukraine
|setting = Earth
|created = 2019
|familycolor = Indo-European
|fam2 = [[w:Germanic languages|Germanic]]
|fam3 = [[w:East Germanic languages|East Germanic]]
|fam4 =
|fam5 =
|creator = User:Aelfwine
|stand1 =
|dia1 =
|dia2 =
|dia3 =
|script1 = Cyrl
|script2 = Latn
|script3 =
|script4 =
|nation =
|minority = Ukraine, Russia
|agency =
|map =
|mapsize =
|mapcaption =
|notice = IPA
|ethnicity =
|ancestor = [[w:Proto-Indo-European language|Proto-Indo-European]]
|ancestor2 = [[w:Proto-Germanic language|Proto-Germanic]]
|ancestor3 = Old Gothic
|ancestor4 = Middle Gothic
|ancestor5 =
}}

'''Mariupol Gothic''' (natively '''Гутишка ''Gutiškă''''' ['ɦutiʃkə]) or '''Gothish''' is a Germanic language spoken by approximately 45,000 people on the northern coast of the Sea of Azov. It is an East Germanic language, closely related to Biblical Gothic, however the language is not a lineal descendant of Biblical Gothic. Nonetheless the speakers of Mariupol Gothic refer to themselves as "Goths" and their language still shares enough similarities with Gothic to be considered related. The language is critically endangered, with only a handful of native speakers remaining, with most acquiring the language as an L2.

== History ==

The history of the Goths in Ukraine begins with the Ostrogothic settlement of the Black Sea in the 4th century. Along with the Greeks, Alans, Bulgars and others, they made up part of the population in Crimea that followed Orthodox Christianity and were incorporated into the Byzantine Empire as the Principality of Theodoro. After the secession of the principality in the 13th century, Theodoro was overrun by the Mongols and became a vassal of the Golden Horde. The principality enjoyed a period of peace until the Ottoman Empire annexed its capital city of Mangup in 1475.

The Goths managed to maintain their culture and language throughout Ottoman occupation, however a great number of them converted to Islam and assimilated into the Crimean Tatars. During her reign, Catharine the Great invited the Christian Crimean Goths to settle recently conquered lands north of the Sea of Azov. There they were given a special protective status within the Russian Empire and were exempt from the draft.

During World War II many Goths were expelled to various oblasts in Siberia to work as slave labour for the Soviet war machine. Like the Germans in the USSR, the Goths were feared to be sympathetic to the Nazis and therefore were persecuted heavily during World War II. While some Goths returned to the Black Sea after the war, many others had emigrated abroad to countries such as Brazil and Argentina.

== Orthography ==

Since the 1800s Mariupol Gothic has been written in a Cyrillic alphabet based off of the Ukrainian script. The Biblical Gothic alphabet is also used, but it has been mostly limited to the liturgy. However, the Biblical Gothic letter þiuþ <𐌸> was imported to represent the /θ/ sound, it takes a form identical to that of Cyrillic psi.

(This chart is to be updated later as a picture.)

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Cyrillic
! Biblical Gothic
! Romanization
! Phoneme
|-
| [[w:A (Cyrillic)|А а]] || 𐌰 || a || /ɐ/
|-
| [[w:Be (Cyrillic)|Б б]] || 𐌱 || b || /b/
|-
| [[w:Ve (Cyrillic)|В в]] || 𐌱 (but smaller) || v || /v/
|-
| [[w:Ge (Cyrillic)|Г г]] || 𐌲 || gh || /ɣ/
|-
| [[w:Ghe with upturn|Ґ ґ]] || 𐌲' || g || /g/
|-
| [[w:De (Cyrillic)|Д д]] || 𐌳 || d || /d/
|-
| [[w:Ye (Cyrillic)|Е e]] || 𐌴 || e || /e/
|-
| [[w:Ukrainian Ye|Є є]] || 𐌾𐌴 || je || /je/
|-
| [[w:e (Cyrillic)|Э э]] || 𐌴 (but backwards) || ə || /ə/
|-
| [[w:Ze (Cyrillic)|З з]] || 𐌶 || z || /z/
|-
| [[w:I (Cyrillic)|И и]] || 𐌹 || i || /i/
|-
| [[w:Ka (Cyrillic)|К к]] || 𐌺 || k || /k/
|-
| [[w:El (Cyrillic)|Л л]] || 𐌻 || l || /l/
|-
| [[w:Em (Cyrillic)|М м]] || 𐌼 || m || /m/
|-
| [[w:En (Cyrillic)|Н н]] || 𐌽 || n || /n/
|-
| [[w:O (Cyrillic)|О o]] || 𐍉 || o || /o/
|-
| [[w:Pe (Cyrillic)|П п]] || 𐍀 || p || /p/
|-
| [[w:Er (Cyrillic)|Р р]] || 𐍂 || r || /r/
|-
| [[w:Es (Cyrillic)|С с]] || 𐍃 || s || /s/
|-
| [[w:Te (Cyrillic)|Т т]] || 𐍄 || t || /t/
|-
| [[w:U (Cyrillic)|У у]] || 𐌿 || u || /u/
|-
| [[w:Ef (Cyrillic)|Ф ф]] || 𐍆 || f || /f/
|-
| [[w:Psi (Cyrillic)|Ѱ ѱ]] || 𐌸 || th || /θ/
|-
| [[w:Kha (Cyrillic)|Х х]] || 𐍇 || ch || /x/
|-
| [[w:Yu (Cyrillic)|Ү ү]] || 𐍅 || y || /y/
|-
| [[w:Sha (Cyrillic)|Ш ш]] || 𐌵 || sch || /ʃ/
|-
| [[w:Shcha|Щ щ]] || 𐍁 || scht || /ʃt/
|-
| [[w:Ya (Cyrillic)| Я я]] || 𐌾𐌰 || ja || /ja/
|}

== Phonology ==

=== Vowels ===

Relative to most other Germanic languages, Mariupol Gothic has an incredibly small vowel inventory of just 10 vowels.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
!
! Front
! Central
! Back
|-
! High
| i iː
|
| u uː
|-
! Mid
| e eː
|
| o oː
|-
! Low
!
| a aː
!
|-
|}

Additionally, /a/, /i/ and /u/ have the following allophones when unstressed:

* /i/ is realized as [ɪ].
* /u/ is realized as [ʊ].
* /a/ is either realized as a schwa, [ə] or sometimes [ɐ].

== Nouns ==

=== Animate Masculine Stems ===

==== u-stems ====

{| class=wikitable style=text-align:center
|-
!
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Nominative
| каттс ''katts''
| каттус ''kattus''
|-
! Vocative
| катт ''katt''
| каттус ''kattus''
|-
! Accusative
| катт ''katt''
| каттунс ''kattuns''
|-
! Genitive
| катт ''katt''
| каттунс ''kattuns''
|-
|}

=== Inanimate Masculine Stems ===

Mariupol Gothic inanimate masculine stems are inherited exclusively from Proto-Germanic an-stem masculine nouns. Example of an inanimate masculine stem noun, '''мина''' (moon):

{| class=wikitable style=text-align:center
|-
!
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Nominative
| минa ''mīnа''
| минaнс ''mīnаns''
|-
! Accusative
| минa ''mīnа''
| минaнс ''mīnаns''
|-
! Genitive
| минaнс ''mīnаns''
| мини ''mīni''
|-
|}

=== Animate Feminine Stems ===

{| class=wikitable style=text-align:center
|-
!
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Nominative
| раздэ
| раздэс
|-
! Oblique
| раздэ
| раздэс
|-
|}

=== Inanimate Feminine Stems ===

{| class=wikitable style=text-align:center
|-
!
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Nominative
| разда ''razda''
| раздус ''razdus''
|-
! Accusative
| разда ''razda''
| раздус ''razdus''
|-
! Genitive
| раздус ''razdus''
| разду ''razdu''
|-
|}

=== Strong Neuter Stems ===

Gothish strong neuter stems are made up of former Proto-Germanic a- and u-stem neuters. Example of a strong neuter stem noun, '''бро̄т''' (bread):

{| class=wikitable style=text-align:center
|-
!
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Nominative
| брōт
| брōдэ
|-
! Oblique
| брōт
| брōдэ
|-
|}

=== Weak Neuter Stems ===

Mariupol Gothic weak neuter stems are inherited exclusively from Proto-Germanic an-stem neuters. Example of a weak neuter stem noun, '''о̄гэ''' (eye):

{| class=wikitable style=text-align:center
|-
!
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Nominative
| ōгэ
| ōгэнэ
|-
! Oblique
| ōгэ
| ōгэнэ
|-
|}

== Adjectives ==

The adjectives have been greatly simplified since Proto-Germanic. They are divided into two different forms, strong and weak, and agree in case, number and gender with the noun they modify.

{| class=wikitable style=text-align:center
!colspan=7|Strong
!colspan=6|Weak
|-
!rowspan=2|
!colspan=2|Masculine
!colspan=2|Feminine
!colspan=2|Neuter
!colspan=2|Masculine
!colspan=2|Feminine
!colspan=2|Neuter
|-
!SG
!PL
!SG
!PL
!SG
!PL
!SG
!PL
!SG
!PL
!SG
!PL
|-
!NOM
| -с || rowspan=2 | -э || rowspan=2 | -э || rowspan=2 | -эс || rowspan=2 | -этэ - || rowspan=2 | -э || rowspan=2 | -э || rowspan=2 | -энс || -э || rowspan=2 | -энс || rowspan=2 | -э || rowspan=2 | -энэ
|-
!OBL
| - || -эн
|}

== Verbs ==

Verbs are usually cited in four parts: the infinitive, the
Typically, the preterite

All verbs regardless of class share an infinitive ending in -эн.

The passive voice is formed with the past participle and the word геэн ''geen'' "to go."

== Class II ==

{| class=wikitable style=text-align:center
!rowspan=2|
!colspan=2|Present
!colspan=2|Preterite
|-
!SG
!PL
!SG
!PL
|-
!1st
| бю̄дэ || бю̄дэмс || бōт || будэм
|-
!2nd
| бю̄дэс || бю̄дэт || бōст || будэт
|-
!3rd
| бю̄дэт || бю̄дэн || бōт || будэн
|-
!rowspan=2|
!INF
!IMP
!PART.PRS
!PART.PST
|-
|| бю̄дэн || бю̄т || бю̄дэнс || бодэнс
|}

== Lord's Prayer ==

'''атта унсар ѳу ин еминам
вихна ѳин нама
квема ѳин рика
верѳа ѳинс виля
шве ин емина ях ана ерѳа'''

Mariupol Gothic

2025-08-13T05:27:38Z

Aelfwine: /* Vowels */

{{Infobox language
|image =
|imagesize =
|imagecaption =
|name = Mariupol Gothic
|nativename = Гутишка (Gutiškă)
|pronunciation = 'ɦutiʃkə
|states = Ukraine
|setting = Earth
|created = 2019
|familycolor = Indo-European
|fam2 = [[w:Germanic languages|Germanic]]
|fam3 = [[w:East Germanic languages|East Germanic]]
|fam4 =
|fam5 =
|creator = User:Aelfwine
|stand1 =
|dia1 =
|dia2 =
|dia3 =
|script1 = Cyrl
|script2 = Latn
|script3 =
|script4 =
|nation =
|minority = Ukraine, Russia
|agency =
|map =
|mapsize =
|mapcaption =
|notice = IPA
|ethnicity =
|ancestor = [[w:Proto-Indo-European language|Proto-Indo-European]]
|ancestor2 = [[w:Proto-Germanic language|Proto-Germanic]]
|ancestor3 = Old Gothic
|ancestor4 = Middle Gothic
|ancestor5 =
}}

'''Mariupol Gothic''' (natively '''Гутишка ''Gutiškă''''' ['ɦutiʃkə]) or '''Gothish''' is a Germanic language spoken by approximately 45,000 people on the northern coast of the Sea of Azov. It is an East Germanic language, closely related to Biblical Gothic, however the language is not a lineal descendant of Biblical Gothic. Nonetheless the speakers of Mariupol Gothic refer to themselves as "Goths" and their language still shares enough similarities with Gothic to be considered related. The language is critically endangered, with only a handful of native speakers remaining, with most acquiring the language as an L2.

== History ==

The history of the Goths in Ukraine begins with the Ostrogothic settlement of the Black Sea in the 4th century. Along with the Greeks, Alans, Bulgars and others, they made up part of the population in Crimea that followed Orthodox Christianity and were incorporated into the Byzantine Empire as the Principality of Theodoro. After the secession of the principality in the 13th century, Theodoro was overrun by the Mongols and became a vassal of the Golden Horde. The principality enjoyed a period of peace until the Ottoman Empire annexed its capital city of Mangup in 1475.

The Goths managed to maintain their culture and language throughout Ottoman occupation, however a great number of them converted to Islam and assimilated into the Crimean Tatars. During her reign, Catharine the Great invited the Christian Crimean Goths to settle recently conquered lands north of the Sea of Azov. There they were given a special protective status within the Russian Empire and were exempt from the draft.

During World War II many Goths were expelled to various oblasts in Siberia to work as slave labour for the Soviet war machine. Like the Germans in the USSR, the Goths were feared to be sympathetic to the Nazis and therefore were persecuted heavily during World War II. While some Goths returned to the Black Sea after the war, many others had emigrated abroad to countries such as Brazil and Argentina.

== Orthography ==

Since the 1800s Mariupol Gothic has been written in a Cyrillic alphabet based off of the Ukrainian script. The Biblical Gothic alphabet is also used, but it has been mostly limited to the liturgy. However, the Biblical Gothic letter þiuþ <𐌸> was imported to represent the /θ/ sound, it takes a form identical to that of Cyrillic psi.

(This chart is to be updated later as a picture.)

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Cyrillic
! Biblical Gothic
! Romanization
! Phoneme
|-
| [[w:A (Cyrillic)|А а]] || 𐌰 || a || /ɐ/
|-
| [[w:Be (Cyrillic)|Б б]] || 𐌱 || b || /b/
|-
| [[w:Ve (Cyrillic)|В в]] || 𐌱 (but smaller) || v || /v/
|-
| [[w:Ge (Cyrillic)|Г г]] || 𐌲 || gh || /ɣ/
|-
| [[w:Ghe with upturn|Ґ ґ]] || 𐌲' || g || /g/
|-
| [[w:De (Cyrillic)|Д д]] || 𐌳 || d || /d/
|-
| [[w:Ye (Cyrillic)|Е e]] || 𐌴 || e || /e/
|-
| [[w:Ukrainian Ye|Є є]] || 𐌾𐌴 || je || /je/
|-
| [[w:e (Cyrillic)|Э э]] || 𐌴 (but backwards) || ə || /ə/
|-
| [[w:Ze (Cyrillic)|З з]] || 𐌶 || z || /z/
|-
| [[w:I (Cyrillic)|И и]] || 𐌹 || i || /i/
|-
| [[w:Ka (Cyrillic)|К к]] || 𐌺 || k || /k/
|-
| [[w:El (Cyrillic)|Л л]] || 𐌻 || l || /l/
|-
| [[w:Em (Cyrillic)|М м]] || 𐌼 || m || /m/
|-
| [[w:En (Cyrillic)|Н н]] || 𐌽 || n || /n/
|-
| [[w:O (Cyrillic)|О o]] || 𐍉 || o || /o/
|-
| [[w:Pe (Cyrillic)|П п]] || 𐍀 || p || /p/
|-
| [[w:Er (Cyrillic)|Р р]] || 𐍂 || r || /r/
|-
| [[w:Es (Cyrillic)|С с]] || 𐍃 || s || /s/
|-
| [[w:Te (Cyrillic)|Т т]] || 𐍄 || t || /t/
|-
| [[w:U (Cyrillic)|У у]] || 𐌿 || u || /u/
|-
| [[w:Ef (Cyrillic)|Ф ф]] || 𐍆 || f || /f/
|-
| [[w:Psi (Cyrillic)|Ѱ ѱ]] || 𐌸 || th || /θ/
|-
| [[w:Kha (Cyrillic)|Х х]] || 𐍇 || ch || /x/
|-
| [[w:Yu (Cyrillic)|Ү ү]] || 𐍅 || y || /y/
|-
| [[w:Sha (Cyrillic)|Ш ш]] || 𐌵 || sch || /ʃ/
|-
| [[w:Shcha|Щ щ]] || 𐍁 || scht || /ʃt/
|-
| [[w:Ya (Cyrillic)| Я я]] || 𐌾𐌰 || ja || /ja/
|}

== Phonology ==

=== Vowels ===

In comparison to most other Germanic languages, Mariupol Gothic has an incredibly small vowel inventory of just 9 vowels.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
!
! Front
! Central
! Back
|-
! High
| i iː
|
| u uː
|-
! Mid
| e eː
|
| o oː
|-
! Low
!
| a aː
!
|-
|}

Additionally, /a/, /i/ and /u/ have the following allophones when unstressed:

* /i/ is realized as /ɪ/.
* /u/ is realized as /ʊ/.
* /a/ is either realized as a schwa, /ə/ or sometimes /ɐ/.

== Nouns ==

=== Animate Masculine Stems ===

==== u-stems ====

{| class=wikitable style=text-align:center
|-
!
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Nominative
| каттс ''katts''
| каттус ''kattus''
|-
! Vocative
| катт ''katt''
| каттус ''kattus''
|-
! Accusative
| катт ''katt''
| каттунс ''kattuns''
|-
! Genitive
| катт ''katt''
| каттунс ''kattuns''
|-
|}

=== Inanimate Masculine Stems ===

Mariupol Gothic inanimate masculine stems are inherited exclusively from Proto-Germanic an-stem masculine nouns. Example of an inanimate masculine stem noun, '''мина''' (moon):

{| class=wikitable style=text-align:center
|-
!
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Nominative
| минa ''mīnа''
| минaнс ''mīnаns''
|-
! Accusative
| минa ''mīnа''
| минaнс ''mīnаns''
|-
! Genitive
| минaнс ''mīnаns''
| мини ''mīni''
|-
|}

=== Animate Feminine Stems ===

{| class=wikitable style=text-align:center
|-
!
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Nominative
| раздэ
| раздэс
|-
! Oblique
| раздэ
| раздэс
|-
|}

=== Inanimate Feminine Stems ===

{| class=wikitable style=text-align:center
|-
!
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Nominative
| разда ''razda''
| раздус ''razdus''
|-
! Accusative
| разда ''razda''
| раздус ''razdus''
|-
! Genitive
| раздус ''razdus''
| разду ''razdu''
|-
|}

=== Strong Neuter Stems ===

Gothish strong neuter stems are made up of former Proto-Germanic a- and u-stem neuters. Example of a strong neuter stem noun, '''бро̄т''' (bread):

{| class=wikitable style=text-align:center
|-
!
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Nominative
| брōт
| брōдэ
|-
! Oblique
| брōт
| брōдэ
|-
|}

=== Weak Neuter Stems ===

Mariupol Gothic weak neuter stems are inherited exclusively from Proto-Germanic an-stem neuters. Example of a weak neuter stem noun, '''о̄гэ''' (eye):

{| class=wikitable style=text-align:center
|-
!
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Nominative
| ōгэ
| ōгэнэ
|-
! Oblique
| ōгэ
| ōгэнэ
|-
|}

== Adjectives ==

The adjectives have been greatly simplified since Proto-Germanic. They are divided into two different forms, strong and weak, and agree in case, number and gender with the noun they modify.

{| class=wikitable style=text-align:center
!colspan=7|Strong
!colspan=6|Weak
|-
!rowspan=2|
!colspan=2|Masculine
!colspan=2|Feminine
!colspan=2|Neuter
!colspan=2|Masculine
!colspan=2|Feminine
!colspan=2|Neuter
|-
!SG
!PL
!SG
!PL
!SG
!PL
!SG
!PL
!SG
!PL
!SG
!PL
|-
!NOM
| -с || rowspan=2 | -э || rowspan=2 | -э || rowspan=2 | -эс || rowspan=2 | -этэ - || rowspan=2 | -э || rowspan=2 | -э || rowspan=2 | -энс || -э || rowspan=2 | -энс || rowspan=2 | -э || rowspan=2 | -энэ
|-
!OBL
| - || -эн
|}

== Verbs ==

Verbs are usually cited in four parts: the infinitive, the
Typically, the preterite

All verbs regardless of class share an infinitive ending in -эн.

The passive voice is formed with the past participle and the word геэн ''geen'' "to go."

== Class II ==

{| class=wikitable style=text-align:center
!rowspan=2|
!colspan=2|Present
!colspan=2|Preterite
|-
!SG
!PL
!SG
!PL
|-
!1st
| бю̄дэ || бю̄дэмс || бōт || будэм
|-
!2nd
| бю̄дэс || бю̄дэт || бōст || будэт
|-
!3rd
| бю̄дэт || бю̄дэн || бōт || будэн
|-
!rowspan=2|
!INF
!IMP
!PART.PRS
!PART.PST
|-
|| бю̄дэн || бю̄т || бю̄дэнс || бодэнс
|}

== Lord's Prayer ==

'''атта унсар ѳу ин еминам
вихна ѳин нама
квема ѳин рика
верѳа ѳинс виля
шве ин емина ях ана ерѳа'''

Mariupol Gothic

2025-08-10T04:38:29Z

Aelfwine: /* Vowels */

{{Infobox language
|image =
|imagesize =
|imagecaption =
|name = Mariupol Gothic
|nativename = Гутишка (Gutiškă)
|pronunciation = 'ɦutiʃkə
|states = Ukraine
|setting = Earth
|created = 2019
|familycolor = Indo-European
|fam2 = [[w:Germanic languages|Germanic]]
|fam3 = [[w:East Germanic languages|East Germanic]]
|fam4 =
|fam5 =
|creator = User:Aelfwine
|stand1 =
|dia1 =
|dia2 =
|dia3 =
|script1 = Cyrl
|script2 = Latn
|script3 =
|script4 =
|nation =
|minority = Ukraine, Russia
|agency =
|map =
|mapsize =
|mapcaption =
|notice = IPA
|ethnicity =
|ancestor = [[w:Proto-Indo-European language|Proto-Indo-European]]
|ancestor2 = [[w:Proto-Germanic language|Proto-Germanic]]
|ancestor3 = Old Gothic
|ancestor4 = Middle Gothic
|ancestor5 =
}}

'''Mariupol Gothic''' (natively '''Гутишка ''Gutiškă''''' ['ɦutiʃkə]) or '''Gothish''' is a Germanic language spoken by approximately 45,000 people on the northern coast of the Sea of Azov. It is an East Germanic language, closely related to Biblical Gothic, however the language is not a lineal descendant of Biblical Gothic. Nonetheless the speakers of Mariupol Gothic refer to themselves as "Goths" and their language still shares enough similarities with Gothic to be considered related. The language is critically endangered, with only a handful of native speakers remaining, with most acquiring the language as an L2.

== History ==

The history of the Goths in Ukraine begins with the Ostrogothic settlement of the Black Sea in the 4th century. Along with the Greeks, Alans, Bulgars and others, they made up part of the population in Crimea that followed Orthodox Christianity and were incorporated into the Byzantine Empire as the Principality of Theodoro. After the secession of the principality in the 13th century, Theodoro was overrun by the Mongols and became a vassal of the Golden Horde. The principality enjoyed a period of peace until the Ottoman Empire annexed its capital city of Mangup in 1475.

The Goths managed to maintain their culture and language throughout Ottoman occupation, however a great number of them converted to Islam and assimilated into the Crimean Tatars. During her reign, Catharine the Great invited the Christian Crimean Goths to settle recently conquered lands north of the Sea of Azov. There they were given a special protective status within the Russian Empire and were exempt from the draft.

During World War II many Goths were expelled to various oblasts in Siberia to work as slave labour for the Soviet war machine. Like the Germans in the USSR, the Goths were feared to be sympathetic to the Nazis and therefore were persecuted heavily during World War II. While some Goths returned to the Black Sea after the war, many others had emigrated abroad to countries such as Brazil and Argentina.

== Orthography ==

Since the 1800s Mariupol Gothic has been written in a Cyrillic alphabet based off of the Ukrainian script. The Biblical Gothic alphabet is also used, but it has been mostly limited to the liturgy. However, the Biblical Gothic letter þiuþ <𐌸> was imported to represent the /θ/ sound, it takes a form identical to that of Cyrillic psi.

(This chart is to be updated later as a picture.)

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Cyrillic
! Biblical Gothic
! Romanization
! Phoneme
|-
| [[w:A (Cyrillic)|А а]] || 𐌰 || a || /ɐ/
|-
| [[w:Be (Cyrillic)|Б б]] || 𐌱 || b || /b/
|-
| [[w:Ve (Cyrillic)|В в]] || 𐌱 (but smaller) || v || /v/
|-
| [[w:Ge (Cyrillic)|Г г]] || 𐌲 || gh || /ɣ/
|-
| [[w:Ghe with upturn|Ґ ґ]] || 𐌲' || g || /g/
|-
| [[w:De (Cyrillic)|Д д]] || 𐌳 || d || /d/
|-
| [[w:Ye (Cyrillic)|Е e]] || 𐌴 || e || /e/
|-
| [[w:Ukrainian Ye|Є є]] || 𐌾𐌴 || je || /je/
|-
| [[w:e (Cyrillic)|Э э]] || 𐌴 (but backwards) || ə || /ə/
|-
| [[w:Ze (Cyrillic)|З з]] || 𐌶 || z || /z/
|-
| [[w:I (Cyrillic)|И и]] || 𐌹 || i || /i/
|-
| [[w:Ka (Cyrillic)|К к]] || 𐌺 || k || /k/
|-
| [[w:El (Cyrillic)|Л л]] || 𐌻 || l || /l/
|-
| [[w:Em (Cyrillic)|М м]] || 𐌼 || m || /m/
|-
| [[w:En (Cyrillic)|Н н]] || 𐌽 || n || /n/
|-
| [[w:O (Cyrillic)|О o]] || 𐍉 || o || /o/
|-
| [[w:Pe (Cyrillic)|П п]] || 𐍀 || p || /p/
|-
| [[w:Er (Cyrillic)|Р р]] || 𐍂 || r || /r/
|-
| [[w:Es (Cyrillic)|С с]] || 𐍃 || s || /s/
|-
| [[w:Te (Cyrillic)|Т т]] || 𐍄 || t || /t/
|-
| [[w:U (Cyrillic)|У у]] || 𐌿 || u || /u/
|-
| [[w:Ef (Cyrillic)|Ф ф]] || 𐍆 || f || /f/
|-
| [[w:Psi (Cyrillic)|Ѱ ѱ]] || 𐌸 || th || /θ/
|-
| [[w:Kha (Cyrillic)|Х х]] || 𐍇 || ch || /x/
|-
| [[w:Yu (Cyrillic)|Ү ү]] || 𐍅 || y || /y/
|-
| [[w:Sha (Cyrillic)|Ш ш]] || 𐌵 || sch || /ʃ/
|-
| [[w:Shcha|Щ щ]] || 𐍁 || scht || /ʃt/
|-
| [[w:Ya (Cyrillic)| Я я]] || 𐌾𐌰 || ja || /ja/
|}

== Phonology ==

=== Vowels ===

In comparison to most other Germanic languages, Mariupol Gothic has an incredibly small vowel inventory of just 9 vowels.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
!
! Front
! Central
! Back
|-
! High
| i
| ᵻ
| u
|-
! Mid
| e
| ə
| o
|-
! Low
!
| a
!
|-
|}

== Nouns ==

=== Animate Masculine Stems ===

==== u-stems ====

{| class=wikitable style=text-align:center
|-
!
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Nominative
| каттс ''katts''
| каттус ''kattus''
|-
! Vocative
| катт ''katt''
| каттус ''kattus''
|-
! Accusative
| катт ''katt''
| каттунс ''kattuns''
|-
! Genitive
| катт ''katt''
| каттунс ''kattuns''
|-
|}

=== Inanimate Masculine Stems ===

Mariupol Gothic inanimate masculine stems are inherited exclusively from Proto-Germanic an-stem masculine nouns. Example of an inanimate masculine stem noun, '''мина''' (moon):

{| class=wikitable style=text-align:center
|-
!
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Nominative
| минa ''mīnа''
| минaнс ''mīnаns''
|-
! Accusative
| минa ''mīnа''
| минaнс ''mīnаns''
|-
! Genitive
| минaнс ''mīnаns''
| мини ''mīni''
|-
|}

=== Animate Feminine Stems ===

{| class=wikitable style=text-align:center
|-
!
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Nominative
| раздэ
| раздэс
|-
! Oblique
| раздэ
| раздэс
|-
|}

=== Inanimate Feminine Stems ===

{| class=wikitable style=text-align:center
|-
!
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Nominative
| разда ''razda''
| раздус ''razdus''
|-
! Accusative
| разда ''razda''
| раздус ''razdus''
|-
! Genitive
| раздус ''razdus''
| разду ''razdu''
|-
|}

=== Strong Neuter Stems ===

Gothish strong neuter stems are made up of former Proto-Germanic a- and u-stem neuters. Example of a strong neuter stem noun, '''бро̄т''' (bread):

{| class=wikitable style=text-align:center
|-
!
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Nominative
| брōт
| брōдэ
|-
! Oblique
| брōт
| брōдэ
|-
|}

=== Weak Neuter Stems ===

Mariupol Gothic weak neuter stems are inherited exclusively from Proto-Germanic an-stem neuters. Example of a weak neuter stem noun, '''о̄гэ''' (eye):

{| class=wikitable style=text-align:center
|-
!
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Nominative
| ōгэ
| ōгэнэ
|-
! Oblique
| ōгэ
| ōгэнэ
|-
|}

== Adjectives ==

The adjectives have been greatly simplified since Proto-Germanic. They are divided into two different forms, strong and weak, and agree in case, number and gender with the noun they modify.

{| class=wikitable style=text-align:center
!colspan=7|Strong
!colspan=6|Weak
|-
!rowspan=2|
!colspan=2|Masculine
!colspan=2|Feminine
!colspan=2|Neuter
!colspan=2|Masculine
!colspan=2|Feminine
!colspan=2|Neuter
|-
!SG
!PL
!SG
!PL
!SG
!PL
!SG
!PL
!SG
!PL
!SG
!PL
|-
!NOM
| -с || rowspan=2 | -э || rowspan=2 | -э || rowspan=2 | -эс || rowspan=2 | -этэ - || rowspan=2 | -э || rowspan=2 | -э || rowspan=2 | -энс || -э || rowspan=2 | -энс || rowspan=2 | -э || rowspan=2 | -энэ
|-
!OBL
| - || -эн
|}

== Verbs ==

Verbs are usually cited in four parts: the infinitive, the
Typically, the preterite

All verbs regardless of class share an infinitive ending in -эн.

The passive voice is formed with the past participle and the word геэн ''geen'' "to go."

== Class II ==

{| class=wikitable style=text-align:center
!rowspan=2|
!colspan=2|Present
!colspan=2|Preterite
|-
!SG
!PL
!SG
!PL
|-
!1st
| бю̄дэ || бю̄дэмс || бōт || будэм
|-
!2nd
| бю̄дэс || бю̄дэт || бōст || будэт
|-
!3rd
| бю̄дэт || бю̄дэн || бōт || будэн
|-
!rowspan=2|
!INF
!IMP
!PART.PRS
!PART.PST
|-
|| бю̄дэн || бю̄т || бю̄дэнс || бодэнс
|}

== Lord's Prayer ==

'''атта унсар ѳу ин еминам
вихна ѳин нама
квема ѳин рика
верѳа ѳинс виля
шве ин емина ях ана ерѳа'''

Mariupol Gothic

2025-08-09T06:50:05Z

Aelfwine: /* Vowels */

{{Infobox language
|image =
|imagesize =
|imagecaption =
|name = Mariupol Gothic
|nativename = Гутишка (Gutiškă)
|pronunciation = 'ɦutiʃkə
|states = Ukraine
|setting = Earth
|created = 2019
|familycolor = Indo-European
|fam2 = [[w:Germanic languages|Germanic]]
|fam3 = [[w:East Germanic languages|East Germanic]]
|fam4 =
|fam5 =
|creator = User:Aelfwine
|stand1 =
|dia1 =
|dia2 =
|dia3 =
|script1 = Cyrl
|script2 = Latn
|script3 =
|script4 =
|nation =
|minority = Ukraine, Russia
|agency =
|map =
|mapsize =
|mapcaption =
|notice = IPA
|ethnicity =
|ancestor = [[w:Proto-Indo-European language|Proto-Indo-European]]
|ancestor2 = [[w:Proto-Germanic language|Proto-Germanic]]
|ancestor3 = Old Gothic
|ancestor4 = Middle Gothic
|ancestor5 =
}}

'''Mariupol Gothic''' (natively '''Гутишка ''Gutiškă''''' ['ɦutiʃkə]) or '''Gothish''' is a Germanic language spoken by approximately 45,000 people on the northern coast of the Sea of Azov. It is an East Germanic language, closely related to Biblical Gothic, however the language is not a lineal descendant of Biblical Gothic. Nonetheless the speakers of Mariupol Gothic refer to themselves as "Goths" and their language still shares enough similarities with Gothic to be considered related. The language is critically endangered, with only a handful of native speakers remaining, with most acquiring the language as an L2.

== History ==

The history of the Goths in Ukraine begins with the Ostrogothic settlement of the Black Sea in the 4th century. Along with the Greeks, Alans, Bulgars and others, they made up part of the population in Crimea that followed Orthodox Christianity and were incorporated into the Byzantine Empire as the Principality of Theodoro. After the secession of the principality in the 13th century, Theodoro was overrun by the Mongols and became a vassal of the Golden Horde. The principality enjoyed a period of peace until the Ottoman Empire annexed its capital city of Mangup in 1475.

The Goths managed to maintain their culture and language throughout Ottoman occupation, however a great number of them converted to Islam and assimilated into the Crimean Tatars. During her reign, Catharine the Great invited the Christian Crimean Goths to settle recently conquered lands north of the Sea of Azov. There they were given a special protective status within the Russian Empire and were exempt from the draft.

During World War II many Goths were expelled to various oblasts in Siberia to work as slave labour for the Soviet war machine. Like the Germans in the USSR, the Goths were feared to be sympathetic to the Nazis and therefore were persecuted heavily during World War II. While some Goths returned to the Black Sea after the war, many others had emigrated abroad to countries such as Brazil and Argentina.

== Orthography ==

Since the 1800s Mariupol Gothic has been written in a Cyrillic alphabet based off of the Ukrainian script. The Biblical Gothic alphabet is also used, but it has been mostly limited to the liturgy. However, the Biblical Gothic letter þiuþ <𐌸> was imported to represent the /θ/ sound, it takes a form identical to that of Cyrillic psi.

(This chart is to be updated later as a picture.)

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Cyrillic
! Biblical Gothic
! Romanization
! Phoneme
|-
| [[w:A (Cyrillic)|А а]] || 𐌰 || a || /ɐ/
|-
| [[w:Be (Cyrillic)|Б б]] || 𐌱 || b || /b/
|-
| [[w:Ve (Cyrillic)|В в]] || 𐌱 (but smaller) || v || /v/
|-
| [[w:Ge (Cyrillic)|Г г]] || 𐌲 || gh || /ɣ/
|-
| [[w:Ghe with upturn|Ґ ґ]] || 𐌲' || g || /g/
|-
| [[w:De (Cyrillic)|Д д]] || 𐌳 || d || /d/
|-
| [[w:Ye (Cyrillic)|Е e]] || 𐌴 || e || /e/
|-
| [[w:Ukrainian Ye|Є є]] || 𐌾𐌴 || je || /je/
|-
| [[w:e (Cyrillic)|Э э]] || 𐌴 (but backwards) || ə || /ə/
|-
| [[w:Ze (Cyrillic)|З з]] || 𐌶 || z || /z/
|-
| [[w:I (Cyrillic)|И и]] || 𐌹 || i || /i/
|-
| [[w:Ka (Cyrillic)|К к]] || 𐌺 || k || /k/
|-
| [[w:El (Cyrillic)|Л л]] || 𐌻 || l || /l/
|-
| [[w:Em (Cyrillic)|М м]] || 𐌼 || m || /m/
|-
| [[w:En (Cyrillic)|Н н]] || 𐌽 || n || /n/
|-
| [[w:O (Cyrillic)|О o]] || 𐍉 || o || /o/
|-
| [[w:Pe (Cyrillic)|П п]] || 𐍀 || p || /p/
|-
| [[w:Er (Cyrillic)|Р р]] || 𐍂 || r || /r/
|-
| [[w:Es (Cyrillic)|С с]] || 𐍃 || s || /s/
|-
| [[w:Te (Cyrillic)|Т т]] || 𐍄 || t || /t/
|-
| [[w:U (Cyrillic)|У у]] || 𐌿 || u || /u/
|-
| [[w:Ef (Cyrillic)|Ф ф]] || 𐍆 || f || /f/
|-
| [[w:Psi (Cyrillic)|Ѱ ѱ]] || 𐌸 || th || /θ/
|-
| [[w:Kha (Cyrillic)|Х х]] || 𐍇 || ch || /x/
|-
| [[w:Yu (Cyrillic)|Ү ү]] || 𐍅 || y || /y/
|-
| [[w:Sha (Cyrillic)|Ш ш]] || 𐌵 || sch || /ʃ/
|-
| [[w:Shcha|Щ щ]] || 𐍁 || scht || /ʃt/
|-
| [[w:Ya (Cyrillic)| Я я]] || 𐌾𐌰 || ja || /ja/
|}

== Phonology ==

=== Vowels ===

In comparison to most other Germanic languages, Mariupol Gothic has an incredibly small vowel inventory of just 9 vowels.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
!
! Front
! Central
! Back
|-
! High
| i y
|
| u
|-
! Mid
| e
| ə
| o
|-
! Mid
| ɛ œ
|
|
|-
! Low
!
!
| ɑ
|-
|}

== Nouns ==

=== Animate Masculine Stems ===

==== u-stems ====

{| class=wikitable style=text-align:center
|-
!
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Nominative
| каттс ''katts''
| каттус ''kattus''
|-
! Vocative
| катт ''katt''
| каттус ''kattus''
|-
! Accusative
| катт ''katt''
| каттунс ''kattuns''
|-
! Genitive
| катт ''katt''
| каттунс ''kattuns''
|-
|}

=== Inanimate Masculine Stems ===

Mariupol Gothic inanimate masculine stems are inherited exclusively from Proto-Germanic an-stem masculine nouns. Example of an inanimate masculine stem noun, '''мина''' (moon):

{| class=wikitable style=text-align:center
|-
!
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Nominative
| минa ''mīnа''
| минaнс ''mīnаns''
|-
! Accusative
| минa ''mīnа''
| минaнс ''mīnаns''
|-
! Genitive
| минaнс ''mīnаns''
| мини ''mīni''
|-
|}

=== Animate Feminine Stems ===

{| class=wikitable style=text-align:center
|-
!
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Nominative
| раздэ
| раздэс
|-
! Oblique
| раздэ
| раздэс
|-
|}

=== Inanimate Feminine Stems ===

{| class=wikitable style=text-align:center
|-
!
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Nominative
| разда ''razda''
| раздус ''razdus''
|-
! Accusative
| разда ''razda''
| раздус ''razdus''
|-
! Genitive
| раздус ''razdus''
| разду ''razdu''
|-
|}

=== Strong Neuter Stems ===

Gothish strong neuter stems are made up of former Proto-Germanic a- and u-stem neuters. Example of a strong neuter stem noun, '''бро̄т''' (bread):

{| class=wikitable style=text-align:center
|-
!
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Nominative
| брōт
| брōдэ
|-
! Oblique
| брōт
| брōдэ
|-
|}

=== Weak Neuter Stems ===

Mariupol Gothic weak neuter stems are inherited exclusively from Proto-Germanic an-stem neuters. Example of a weak neuter stem noun, '''о̄гэ''' (eye):

{| class=wikitable style=text-align:center
|-
!
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Nominative
| ōгэ
| ōгэнэ
|-
! Oblique
| ōгэ
| ōгэнэ
|-
|}

== Adjectives ==

The adjectives have been greatly simplified since Proto-Germanic. They are divided into two different forms, strong and weak, and agree in case, number and gender with the noun they modify.

{| class=wikitable style=text-align:center
!colspan=7|Strong
!colspan=6|Weak
|-
!rowspan=2|
!colspan=2|Masculine
!colspan=2|Feminine
!colspan=2|Neuter
!colspan=2|Masculine
!colspan=2|Feminine
!colspan=2|Neuter
|-
!SG
!PL
!SG
!PL
!SG
!PL
!SG
!PL
!SG
!PL
!SG
!PL
|-
!NOM
| -с || rowspan=2 | -э || rowspan=2 | -э || rowspan=2 | -эс || rowspan=2 | -этэ - || rowspan=2 | -э || rowspan=2 | -э || rowspan=2 | -энс || -э || rowspan=2 | -энс || rowspan=2 | -э || rowspan=2 | -энэ
|-
!OBL
| - || -эн
|}

== Verbs ==

Verbs are usually cited in four parts: the infinitive, the
Typically, the preterite

All verbs regardless of class share an infinitive ending in -эн.

The passive voice is formed with the past participle and the word геэн ''geen'' "to go."

== Class II ==

{| class=wikitable style=text-align:center
!rowspan=2|
!colspan=2|Present
!colspan=2|Preterite
|-
!SG
!PL
!SG
!PL
|-
!1st
| бю̄дэ || бю̄дэмс || бōт || будэм
|-
!2nd
| бю̄дэс || бю̄дэт || бōст || будэт
|-
!3rd
| бю̄дэт || бю̄дэн || бōт || будэн
|-
!rowspan=2|
!INF
!IMP
!PART.PRS
!PART.PST
|-
|| бю̄дэн || бю̄т || бю̄дэнс || бодэнс
|}

== Lord's Prayer ==

'''атта унсар ѳу ин еминам
вихна ѳин нама
квема ѳин рика
верѳа ѳинс виля
шве ин емина ях ана ерѳа'''

Mariupol Gothic

2025-08-09T06:25:07Z

Aelfwine: /* Inanimate Masculine Stems */

{{Infobox language
|image =
|imagesize =
|imagecaption =
|name = Mariupol Gothic
|nativename = Гутишка (Gutiškă)
|pronunciation = 'ɦutiʃkə
|states = Ukraine
|setting = Earth
|created = 2019
|familycolor = Indo-European
|fam2 = [[w:Germanic languages|Germanic]]
|fam3 = [[w:East Germanic languages|East Germanic]]
|fam4 =
|fam5 =
|creator = User:Aelfwine
|stand1 =
|dia1 =
|dia2 =
|dia3 =
|script1 = Cyrl
|script2 = Latn
|script3 =
|script4 =
|nation =
|minority = Ukraine, Russia
|agency =
|map =
|mapsize =
|mapcaption =
|notice = IPA
|ethnicity =
|ancestor = [[w:Proto-Indo-European language|Proto-Indo-European]]
|ancestor2 = [[w:Proto-Germanic language|Proto-Germanic]]
|ancestor3 = Old Gothic
|ancestor4 = Middle Gothic
|ancestor5 =
}}

'''Mariupol Gothic''' (natively '''Гутишка ''Gutiškă''''' ['ɦutiʃkə]) or '''Gothish''' is a Germanic language spoken by approximately 45,000 people on the northern coast of the Sea of Azov. It is an East Germanic language, closely related to Biblical Gothic, however the language is not a lineal descendant of Biblical Gothic. Nonetheless the speakers of Mariupol Gothic refer to themselves as "Goths" and their language still shares enough similarities with Gothic to be considered related. The language is critically endangered, with only a handful of native speakers remaining, with most acquiring the language as an L2.

== History ==

The history of the Goths in Ukraine begins with the Ostrogothic settlement of the Black Sea in the 4th century. Along with the Greeks, Alans, Bulgars and others, they made up part of the population in Crimea that followed Orthodox Christianity and were incorporated into the Byzantine Empire as the Principality of Theodoro. After the secession of the principality in the 13th century, Theodoro was overrun by the Mongols and became a vassal of the Golden Horde. The principality enjoyed a period of peace until the Ottoman Empire annexed its capital city of Mangup in 1475.

The Goths managed to maintain their culture and language throughout Ottoman occupation, however a great number of them converted to Islam and assimilated into the Crimean Tatars. During her reign, Catharine the Great invited the Christian Crimean Goths to settle recently conquered lands north of the Sea of Azov. There they were given a special protective status within the Russian Empire and were exempt from the draft.

During World War II many Goths were expelled to various oblasts in Siberia to work as slave labour for the Soviet war machine. Like the Germans in the USSR, the Goths were feared to be sympathetic to the Nazis and therefore were persecuted heavily during World War II. While some Goths returned to the Black Sea after the war, many others had emigrated abroad to countries such as Brazil and Argentina.

== Orthography ==

Since the 1800s Mariupol Gothic has been written in a Cyrillic alphabet based off of the Ukrainian script. The Biblical Gothic alphabet is also used, but it has been mostly limited to the liturgy. However, the Biblical Gothic letter þiuþ <𐌸> was imported to represent the /θ/ sound, it takes a form identical to that of Cyrillic psi.

(This chart is to be updated later as a picture.)

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Cyrillic
! Biblical Gothic
! Romanization
! Phoneme
|-
| [[w:A (Cyrillic)|А а]] || 𐌰 || a || /ɐ/
|-
| [[w:Be (Cyrillic)|Б б]] || 𐌱 || b || /b/
|-
| [[w:Ve (Cyrillic)|В в]] || 𐌱 (but smaller) || v || /v/
|-
| [[w:Ge (Cyrillic)|Г г]] || 𐌲 || gh || /ɣ/
|-
| [[w:Ghe with upturn|Ґ ґ]] || 𐌲' || g || /g/
|-
| [[w:De (Cyrillic)|Д д]] || 𐌳 || d || /d/
|-
| [[w:Ye (Cyrillic)|Е e]] || 𐌴 || e || /e/
|-
| [[w:Ukrainian Ye|Є є]] || 𐌾𐌴 || je || /je/
|-
| [[w:e (Cyrillic)|Э э]] || 𐌴 (but backwards) || ə || /ə/
|-
| [[w:Ze (Cyrillic)|З з]] || 𐌶 || z || /z/
|-
| [[w:I (Cyrillic)|И и]] || 𐌹 || i || /i/
|-
| [[w:Ka (Cyrillic)|К к]] || 𐌺 || k || /k/
|-
| [[w:El (Cyrillic)|Л л]] || 𐌻 || l || /l/
|-
| [[w:Em (Cyrillic)|М м]] || 𐌼 || m || /m/
|-
| [[w:En (Cyrillic)|Н н]] || 𐌽 || n || /n/
|-
| [[w:O (Cyrillic)|О o]] || 𐍉 || o || /o/
|-
| [[w:Pe (Cyrillic)|П п]] || 𐍀 || p || /p/
|-
| [[w:Er (Cyrillic)|Р р]] || 𐍂 || r || /r/
|-
| [[w:Es (Cyrillic)|С с]] || 𐍃 || s || /s/
|-
| [[w:Te (Cyrillic)|Т т]] || 𐍄 || t || /t/
|-
| [[w:U (Cyrillic)|У у]] || 𐌿 || u || /u/
|-
| [[w:Ef (Cyrillic)|Ф ф]] || 𐍆 || f || /f/
|-
| [[w:Psi (Cyrillic)|Ѱ ѱ]] || 𐌸 || th || /θ/
|-
| [[w:Kha (Cyrillic)|Х х]] || 𐍇 || ch || /x/
|-
| [[w:Yu (Cyrillic)|Ү ү]] || 𐍅 || y || /y/
|-
| [[w:Sha (Cyrillic)|Ш ш]] || 𐌵 || sch || /ʃ/
|-
| [[w:Shcha|Щ щ]] || 𐍁 || scht || /ʃt/
|-
| [[w:Ya (Cyrillic)| Я я]] || 𐌾𐌰 || ja || /ja/
|}

== Phonology ==

=== Vowels ===

In comparison to most other Germanic languages, Mariupol Gothic has an incredibly small vowel inventory of just 7 vowels.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
!
! Front
! Central
! Back
|-
! High
| i
|
| u
|-
! Mid
| e
| ə
| o
|-
! Low
!
| a
!
|-
|}

== Nouns ==

=== Animate Masculine Stems ===

==== u-stems ====

{| class=wikitable style=text-align:center
|-
!
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Nominative
| каттс ''katts''
| каттус ''kattus''
|-
! Vocative
| катт ''katt''
| каттус ''kattus''
|-
! Accusative
| катт ''katt''
| каттунс ''kattuns''
|-
! Genitive
| катт ''katt''
| каттунс ''kattuns''
|-
|}

=== Inanimate Masculine Stems ===

Mariupol Gothic inanimate masculine stems are inherited exclusively from Proto-Germanic an-stem masculine nouns. Example of an inanimate masculine stem noun, '''мина''' (moon):

{| class=wikitable style=text-align:center
|-
!
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Nominative
| минa ''mīnа''
| минaнс ''mīnаns''
|-
! Accusative
| минa ''mīnа''
| минaнс ''mīnаns''
|-
! Genitive
| минaнс ''mīnаns''
| мини ''mīni''
|-
|}

=== Animate Feminine Stems ===

{| class=wikitable style=text-align:center
|-
!
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Nominative
| раздэ
| раздэс
|-
! Oblique
| раздэ
| раздэс
|-
|}

=== Inanimate Feminine Stems ===

{| class=wikitable style=text-align:center
|-
!
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Nominative
| разда ''razda''
| раздус ''razdus''
|-
! Accusative
| разда ''razda''
| раздус ''razdus''
|-
! Genitive
| раздус ''razdus''
| разду ''razdu''
|-
|}

=== Strong Neuter Stems ===

Gothish strong neuter stems are made up of former Proto-Germanic a- and u-stem neuters. Example of a strong neuter stem noun, '''бро̄т''' (bread):

{| class=wikitable style=text-align:center
|-
!
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Nominative
| брōт
| брōдэ
|-
! Oblique
| брōт
| брōдэ
|-
|}

=== Weak Neuter Stems ===

Mariupol Gothic weak neuter stems are inherited exclusively from Proto-Germanic an-stem neuters. Example of a weak neuter stem noun, '''о̄гэ''' (eye):

{| class=wikitable style=text-align:center
|-
!
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Nominative
| ōгэ
| ōгэнэ
|-
! Oblique
| ōгэ
| ōгэнэ
|-
|}

== Adjectives ==

The adjectives have been greatly simplified since Proto-Germanic. They are divided into two different forms, strong and weak, and agree in case, number and gender with the noun they modify.

{| class=wikitable style=text-align:center
!colspan=7|Strong
!colspan=6|Weak
|-
!rowspan=2|
!colspan=2|Masculine
!colspan=2|Feminine
!colspan=2|Neuter
!colspan=2|Masculine
!colspan=2|Feminine
!colspan=2|Neuter
|-
!SG
!PL
!SG
!PL
!SG
!PL
!SG
!PL
!SG
!PL
!SG
!PL
|-
!NOM
| -с || rowspan=2 | -э || rowspan=2 | -э || rowspan=2 | -эс || rowspan=2 | -этэ - || rowspan=2 | -э || rowspan=2 | -э || rowspan=2 | -энс || -э || rowspan=2 | -энс || rowspan=2 | -э || rowspan=2 | -энэ
|-
!OBL
| - || -эн
|}

== Verbs ==

Verbs are usually cited in four parts: the infinitive, the
Typically, the preterite

All verbs regardless of class share an infinitive ending in -эн.

The passive voice is formed with the past participle and the word геэн ''geen'' "to go."

== Class II ==

{| class=wikitable style=text-align:center
!rowspan=2|
!colspan=2|Present
!colspan=2|Preterite
|-
!SG
!PL
!SG
!PL
|-
!1st
| бю̄дэ || бю̄дэмс || бōт || будэм
|-
!2nd
| бю̄дэс || бю̄дэт || бōст || будэт
|-
!3rd
| бю̄дэт || бю̄дэн || бōт || будэн
|-
!rowspan=2|
!INF
!IMP
!PART.PRS
!PART.PST
|-
|| бю̄дэн || бю̄т || бю̄дэнс || бодэнс
|}

== Lord's Prayer ==

'''атта унсар ѳу ин еминам
вихна ѳин нама
квема ѳин рика
верѳа ѳинс виля
шве ин емина ях ана ерѳа'''

Mariupol Gothic

2025-08-09T06:24:22Z

Aelfwine: /* Inanimate Feminine Stems */

{{Infobox language
|image =
|imagesize =
|imagecaption =
|name = Mariupol Gothic
|nativename = Гутишка (Gutiškă)
|pronunciation = 'ɦutiʃkə
|states = Ukraine
|setting = Earth
|created = 2019
|familycolor = Indo-European
|fam2 = [[w:Germanic languages|Germanic]]
|fam3 = [[w:East Germanic languages|East Germanic]]
|fam4 =
|fam5 =
|creator = User:Aelfwine
|stand1 =
|dia1 =
|dia2 =
|dia3 =
|script1 = Cyrl
|script2 = Latn
|script3 =
|script4 =
|nation =
|minority = Ukraine, Russia
|agency =
|map =
|mapsize =
|mapcaption =
|notice = IPA
|ethnicity =
|ancestor = [[w:Proto-Indo-European language|Proto-Indo-European]]
|ancestor2 = [[w:Proto-Germanic language|Proto-Germanic]]
|ancestor3 = Old Gothic
|ancestor4 = Middle Gothic
|ancestor5 =
}}

'''Mariupol Gothic''' (natively '''Гутишка ''Gutiškă''''' ['ɦutiʃkə]) or '''Gothish''' is a Germanic language spoken by approximately 45,000 people on the northern coast of the Sea of Azov. It is an East Germanic language, closely related to Biblical Gothic, however the language is not a lineal descendant of Biblical Gothic. Nonetheless the speakers of Mariupol Gothic refer to themselves as "Goths" and their language still shares enough similarities with Gothic to be considered related. The language is critically endangered, with only a handful of native speakers remaining, with most acquiring the language as an L2.

== History ==

The history of the Goths in Ukraine begins with the Ostrogothic settlement of the Black Sea in the 4th century. Along with the Greeks, Alans, Bulgars and others, they made up part of the population in Crimea that followed Orthodox Christianity and were incorporated into the Byzantine Empire as the Principality of Theodoro. After the secession of the principality in the 13th century, Theodoro was overrun by the Mongols and became a vassal of the Golden Horde. The principality enjoyed a period of peace until the Ottoman Empire annexed its capital city of Mangup in 1475.

The Goths managed to maintain their culture and language throughout Ottoman occupation, however a great number of them converted to Islam and assimilated into the Crimean Tatars. During her reign, Catharine the Great invited the Christian Crimean Goths to settle recently conquered lands north of the Sea of Azov. There they were given a special protective status within the Russian Empire and were exempt from the draft.

During World War II many Goths were expelled to various oblasts in Siberia to work as slave labour for the Soviet war machine. Like the Germans in the USSR, the Goths were feared to be sympathetic to the Nazis and therefore were persecuted heavily during World War II. While some Goths returned to the Black Sea after the war, many others had emigrated abroad to countries such as Brazil and Argentina.

== Orthography ==

Since the 1800s Mariupol Gothic has been written in a Cyrillic alphabet based off of the Ukrainian script. The Biblical Gothic alphabet is also used, but it has been mostly limited to the liturgy. However, the Biblical Gothic letter þiuþ <𐌸> was imported to represent the /θ/ sound, it takes a form identical to that of Cyrillic psi.

(This chart is to be updated later as a picture.)

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Cyrillic
! Biblical Gothic
! Romanization
! Phoneme
|-
| [[w:A (Cyrillic)|А а]] || 𐌰 || a || /ɐ/
|-
| [[w:Be (Cyrillic)|Б б]] || 𐌱 || b || /b/
|-
| [[w:Ve (Cyrillic)|В в]] || 𐌱 (but smaller) || v || /v/
|-
| [[w:Ge (Cyrillic)|Г г]] || 𐌲 || gh || /ɣ/
|-
| [[w:Ghe with upturn|Ґ ґ]] || 𐌲' || g || /g/
|-
| [[w:De (Cyrillic)|Д д]] || 𐌳 || d || /d/
|-
| [[w:Ye (Cyrillic)|Е e]] || 𐌴 || e || /e/
|-
| [[w:Ukrainian Ye|Є є]] || 𐌾𐌴 || je || /je/
|-
| [[w:e (Cyrillic)|Э э]] || 𐌴 (but backwards) || ə || /ə/
|-
| [[w:Ze (Cyrillic)|З з]] || 𐌶 || z || /z/
|-
| [[w:I (Cyrillic)|И и]] || 𐌹 || i || /i/
|-
| [[w:Ka (Cyrillic)|К к]] || 𐌺 || k || /k/
|-
| [[w:El (Cyrillic)|Л л]] || 𐌻 || l || /l/
|-
| [[w:Em (Cyrillic)|М м]] || 𐌼 || m || /m/
|-
| [[w:En (Cyrillic)|Н н]] || 𐌽 || n || /n/
|-
| [[w:O (Cyrillic)|О o]] || 𐍉 || o || /o/
|-
| [[w:Pe (Cyrillic)|П п]] || 𐍀 || p || /p/
|-
| [[w:Er (Cyrillic)|Р р]] || 𐍂 || r || /r/
|-
| [[w:Es (Cyrillic)|С с]] || 𐍃 || s || /s/
|-
| [[w:Te (Cyrillic)|Т т]] || 𐍄 || t || /t/
|-
| [[w:U (Cyrillic)|У у]] || 𐌿 || u || /u/
|-
| [[w:Ef (Cyrillic)|Ф ф]] || 𐍆 || f || /f/
|-
| [[w:Psi (Cyrillic)|Ѱ ѱ]] || 𐌸 || th || /θ/
|-
| [[w:Kha (Cyrillic)|Х х]] || 𐍇 || ch || /x/
|-
| [[w:Yu (Cyrillic)|Ү ү]] || 𐍅 || y || /y/
|-
| [[w:Sha (Cyrillic)|Ш ш]] || 𐌵 || sch || /ʃ/
|-
| [[w:Shcha|Щ щ]] || 𐍁 || scht || /ʃt/
|-
| [[w:Ya (Cyrillic)| Я я]] || 𐌾𐌰 || ja || /ja/
|}

== Phonology ==

=== Vowels ===

In comparison to most other Germanic languages, Mariupol Gothic has an incredibly small vowel inventory of just 7 vowels.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
!
! Front
! Central
! Back
|-
! High
| i
|
| u
|-
! Mid
| e
| ə
| o
|-
! Low
!
| a
!
|-
|}

== Nouns ==

=== Animate Masculine Stems ===

==== u-stems ====

{| class=wikitable style=text-align:center
|-
!
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Nominative
| каттс ''katts''
| каттус ''kattus''
|-
! Vocative
| катт ''katt''
| каттус ''kattus''
|-
! Accusative
| катт ''katt''
| каттунс ''kattuns''
|-
! Genitive
| катт ''katt''
| каттунс ''kattuns''
|-
|}

=== Inanimate Masculine Stems ===

Mariupol Gothic inanimate masculine stems are inherited exclusively from Proto-Germanic an-stem masculine nouns. Example of an inanimate masculine stem noun, '''мина''' (moon):

{| class=wikitable style=text-align:center
|-
!
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Nominative
| минa ''mīnа''
| минaнс ''mīnаns''
|-
! Vocative
| минa ''mīnа''
| минaнс ''mīnаns''
|-
! Accusative
| минa ''mīnа''
| минaнс ''mīnаns''
|-
! Genitive
| минaнс ''mīnаns''
| мини ''mīni''
|-
|}

=== Animate Feminine Stems ===

{| class=wikitable style=text-align:center
|-
!
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Nominative
| раздэ
| раздэс
|-
! Oblique
| раздэ
| раздэс
|-
|}

=== Inanimate Feminine Stems ===

{| class=wikitable style=text-align:center
|-
!
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Nominative
| разда ''razda''
| раздус ''razdus''
|-
! Accusative
| разда ''razda''
| раздус ''razdus''
|-
! Genitive
| раздус ''razdus''
| разду ''razdu''
|-
|}

=== Strong Neuter Stems ===

Gothish strong neuter stems are made up of former Proto-Germanic a- and u-stem neuters. Example of a strong neuter stem noun, '''бро̄т''' (bread):

{| class=wikitable style=text-align:center
|-
!
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Nominative
| брōт
| брōдэ
|-
! Oblique
| брōт
| брōдэ
|-
|}

=== Weak Neuter Stems ===

Mariupol Gothic weak neuter stems are inherited exclusively from Proto-Germanic an-stem neuters. Example of a weak neuter stem noun, '''о̄гэ''' (eye):

{| class=wikitable style=text-align:center
|-
!
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Nominative
| ōгэ
| ōгэнэ
|-
! Oblique
| ōгэ
| ōгэнэ
|-
|}

== Adjectives ==

The adjectives have been greatly simplified since Proto-Germanic. They are divided into two different forms, strong and weak, and agree in case, number and gender with the noun they modify.

{| class=wikitable style=text-align:center
!colspan=7|Strong
!colspan=6|Weak
|-
!rowspan=2|
!colspan=2|Masculine
!colspan=2|Feminine
!colspan=2|Neuter
!colspan=2|Masculine
!colspan=2|Feminine
!colspan=2|Neuter
|-
!SG
!PL
!SG
!PL
!SG
!PL
!SG
!PL
!SG
!PL
!SG
!PL
|-
!NOM
| -с || rowspan=2 | -э || rowspan=2 | -э || rowspan=2 | -эс || rowspan=2 | -этэ - || rowspan=2 | -э || rowspan=2 | -э || rowspan=2 | -энс || -э || rowspan=2 | -энс || rowspan=2 | -э || rowspan=2 | -энэ
|-
!OBL
| - || -эн
|}

== Verbs ==

Verbs are usually cited in four parts: the infinitive, the
Typically, the preterite

All verbs regardless of class share an infinitive ending in -эн.

The passive voice is formed with the past participle and the word геэн ''geen'' "to go."

== Class II ==

{| class=wikitable style=text-align:center
!rowspan=2|
!colspan=2|Present
!colspan=2|Preterite
|-
!SG
!PL
!SG
!PL
|-
!1st
| бю̄дэ || бю̄дэмс || бōт || будэм
|-
!2nd
| бю̄дэс || бю̄дэт || бōст || будэт
|-
!3rd
| бю̄дэт || бю̄дэн || бōт || будэн
|-
!rowspan=2|
!INF
!IMP
!PART.PRS
!PART.PST
|-
|| бю̄дэн || бю̄т || бю̄дэнс || бодэнс
|}

== Lord's Prayer ==

'''атта унсар ѳу ин еминам
вихна ѳин нама
квема ѳин рика
верѳа ѳинс виля
шве ин емина ях ана ерѳа'''

Mariupol Gothic

2025-08-09T06:14:32Z

Aelfwine: /* Nouns */

{{Infobox language
|image =
|imagesize =
|imagecaption =
|name = Mariupol Gothic
|nativename = Гутишка (Gutiškă)
|pronunciation = 'ɦutiʃkə
|states = Ukraine
|setting = Earth
|created = 2019
|familycolor = Indo-European
|fam2 = [[w:Germanic languages|Germanic]]
|fam3 = [[w:East Germanic languages|East Germanic]]
|fam4 =
|fam5 =
|creator = User:Aelfwine
|stand1 =
|dia1 =
|dia2 =
|dia3 =
|script1 = Cyrl
|script2 = Latn
|script3 =
|script4 =
|nation =
|minority = Ukraine, Russia
|agency =
|map =
|mapsize =
|mapcaption =
|notice = IPA
|ethnicity =
|ancestor = [[w:Proto-Indo-European language|Proto-Indo-European]]
|ancestor2 = [[w:Proto-Germanic language|Proto-Germanic]]
|ancestor3 = Old Gothic
|ancestor4 = Middle Gothic
|ancestor5 =
}}

'''Mariupol Gothic''' (natively '''Гутишка ''Gutiškă''''' ['ɦutiʃkə]) or '''Gothish''' is a Germanic language spoken by approximately 45,000 people on the northern coast of the Sea of Azov. It is an East Germanic language, closely related to Biblical Gothic, however the language is not a lineal descendant of Biblical Gothic. Nonetheless the speakers of Mariupol Gothic refer to themselves as "Goths" and their language still shares enough similarities with Gothic to be considered related. The language is critically endangered, with only a handful of native speakers remaining, with most acquiring the language as an L2.

== History ==

The history of the Goths in Ukraine begins with the Ostrogothic settlement of the Black Sea in the 4th century. Along with the Greeks, Alans, Bulgars and others, they made up part of the population in Crimea that followed Orthodox Christianity and were incorporated into the Byzantine Empire as the Principality of Theodoro. After the secession of the principality in the 13th century, Theodoro was overrun by the Mongols and became a vassal of the Golden Horde. The principality enjoyed a period of peace until the Ottoman Empire annexed its capital city of Mangup in 1475.

The Goths managed to maintain their culture and language throughout Ottoman occupation, however a great number of them converted to Islam and assimilated into the Crimean Tatars. During her reign, Catharine the Great invited the Christian Crimean Goths to settle recently conquered lands north of the Sea of Azov. There they were given a special protective status within the Russian Empire and were exempt from the draft.

During World War II many Goths were expelled to various oblasts in Siberia to work as slave labour for the Soviet war machine. Like the Germans in the USSR, the Goths were feared to be sympathetic to the Nazis and therefore were persecuted heavily during World War II. While some Goths returned to the Black Sea after the war, many others had emigrated abroad to countries such as Brazil and Argentina.

== Orthography ==

Since the 1800s Mariupol Gothic has been written in a Cyrillic alphabet based off of the Ukrainian script. The Biblical Gothic alphabet is also used, but it has been mostly limited to the liturgy. However, the Biblical Gothic letter þiuþ <𐌸> was imported to represent the /θ/ sound, it takes a form identical to that of Cyrillic psi.

(This chart is to be updated later as a picture.)

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Cyrillic
! Biblical Gothic
! Romanization
! Phoneme
|-
| [[w:A (Cyrillic)|А а]] || 𐌰 || a || /ɐ/
|-
| [[w:Be (Cyrillic)|Б б]] || 𐌱 || b || /b/
|-
| [[w:Ve (Cyrillic)|В в]] || 𐌱 (but smaller) || v || /v/
|-
| [[w:Ge (Cyrillic)|Г г]] || 𐌲 || gh || /ɣ/
|-
| [[w:Ghe with upturn|Ґ ґ]] || 𐌲' || g || /g/
|-
| [[w:De (Cyrillic)|Д д]] || 𐌳 || d || /d/
|-
| [[w:Ye (Cyrillic)|Е e]] || 𐌴 || e || /e/
|-
| [[w:Ukrainian Ye|Є є]] || 𐌾𐌴 || je || /je/
|-
| [[w:e (Cyrillic)|Э э]] || 𐌴 (but backwards) || ə || /ə/
|-
| [[w:Ze (Cyrillic)|З з]] || 𐌶 || z || /z/
|-
| [[w:I (Cyrillic)|И и]] || 𐌹 || i || /i/
|-
| [[w:Ka (Cyrillic)|К к]] || 𐌺 || k || /k/
|-
| [[w:El (Cyrillic)|Л л]] || 𐌻 || l || /l/
|-
| [[w:Em (Cyrillic)|М м]] || 𐌼 || m || /m/
|-
| [[w:En (Cyrillic)|Н н]] || 𐌽 || n || /n/
|-
| [[w:O (Cyrillic)|О o]] || 𐍉 || o || /o/
|-
| [[w:Pe (Cyrillic)|П п]] || 𐍀 || p || /p/
|-
| [[w:Er (Cyrillic)|Р р]] || 𐍂 || r || /r/
|-
| [[w:Es (Cyrillic)|С с]] || 𐍃 || s || /s/
|-
| [[w:Te (Cyrillic)|Т т]] || 𐍄 || t || /t/
|-
| [[w:U (Cyrillic)|У у]] || 𐌿 || u || /u/
|-
| [[w:Ef (Cyrillic)|Ф ф]] || 𐍆 || f || /f/
|-
| [[w:Psi (Cyrillic)|Ѱ ѱ]] || 𐌸 || th || /θ/
|-
| [[w:Kha (Cyrillic)|Х х]] || 𐍇 || ch || /x/
|-
| [[w:Yu (Cyrillic)|Ү ү]] || 𐍅 || y || /y/
|-
| [[w:Sha (Cyrillic)|Ш ш]] || 𐌵 || sch || /ʃ/
|-
| [[w:Shcha|Щ щ]] || 𐍁 || scht || /ʃt/
|-
| [[w:Ya (Cyrillic)| Я я]] || 𐌾𐌰 || ja || /ja/
|}

== Phonology ==

=== Vowels ===

In comparison to most other Germanic languages, Mariupol Gothic has an incredibly small vowel inventory of just 7 vowels.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
!
! Front
! Central
! Back
|-
! High
| i
|
| u
|-
! Mid
| e
| ə
| o
|-
! Low
!
| a
!
|-
|}

== Nouns ==

=== Animate Masculine Stems ===

==== u-stems ====

{| class=wikitable style=text-align:center
|-
!
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Nominative
| каттс ''katts''
| каттус ''kattus''
|-
! Vocative
| катт ''katt''
| каттус ''kattus''
|-
! Accusative
| катт ''katt''
| каттунс ''kattuns''
|-
! Genitive
| катт ''katt''
| каттунс ''kattuns''
|-
|}

=== Inanimate Masculine Stems ===

Mariupol Gothic inanimate masculine stems are inherited exclusively from Proto-Germanic an-stem masculine nouns. Example of an inanimate masculine stem noun, '''мина''' (moon):

{| class=wikitable style=text-align:center
|-
!
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Nominative
| минa ''mīnа''
| минaнс ''mīnаns''
|-
! Vocative
| минa ''mīnа''
| минaнс ''mīnаns''
|-
! Accusative
| минa ''mīnа''
| минaнс ''mīnаns''
|-
! Genitive
| минaнс ''mīnаns''
| мини ''mīni''
|-
|}

=== Animate Feminine Stems ===

{| class=wikitable style=text-align:center
|-
!
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Nominative
| раздэ
| раздэс
|-
! Oblique
| раздэ
| раздэс
|-
|}

=== Inanimate Feminine Stems ===

{| class=wikitable style=text-align:center
|-
!
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Nominative
| разда ''razdă''
| раздус ''razdus''
|-
! Accusative
| разда ''razdă''
| раздус ''razdus''
|-
! Genitive
| раздус ''razdus''
| разду ''razdu''
|-
|}

=== Strong Neuter Stems ===

Gothish strong neuter stems are made up of former Proto-Germanic a- and u-stem neuters. Example of a strong neuter stem noun, '''бро̄т''' (bread):

{| class=wikitable style=text-align:center
|-
!
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Nominative
| брōт
| брōдэ
|-
! Oblique
| брōт
| брōдэ
|-
|}

=== Weak Neuter Stems ===

Mariupol Gothic weak neuter stems are inherited exclusively from Proto-Germanic an-stem neuters. Example of a weak neuter stem noun, '''о̄гэ''' (eye):

{| class=wikitable style=text-align:center
|-
!
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Nominative
| ōгэ
| ōгэнэ
|-
! Oblique
| ōгэ
| ōгэнэ
|-
|}

== Adjectives ==

The adjectives have been greatly simplified since Proto-Germanic. They are divided into two different forms, strong and weak, and agree in case, number and gender with the noun they modify.

{| class=wikitable style=text-align:center
!colspan=7|Strong
!colspan=6|Weak
|-
!rowspan=2|
!colspan=2|Masculine
!colspan=2|Feminine
!colspan=2|Neuter
!colspan=2|Masculine
!colspan=2|Feminine
!colspan=2|Neuter
|-
!SG
!PL
!SG
!PL
!SG
!PL
!SG
!PL
!SG
!PL
!SG
!PL
|-
!NOM
| -с || rowspan=2 | -э || rowspan=2 | -э || rowspan=2 | -эс || rowspan=2 | -этэ - || rowspan=2 | -э || rowspan=2 | -э || rowspan=2 | -энс || -э || rowspan=2 | -энс || rowspan=2 | -э || rowspan=2 | -энэ
|-
!OBL
| - || -эн
|}

== Verbs ==

Verbs are usually cited in four parts: the infinitive, the
Typically, the preterite

All verbs regardless of class share an infinitive ending in -эн.

The passive voice is formed with the past participle and the word геэн ''geen'' "to go."

== Class II ==

{| class=wikitable style=text-align:center
!rowspan=2|
!colspan=2|Present
!colspan=2|Preterite
|-
!SG
!PL
!SG
!PL
|-
!1st
| бю̄дэ || бю̄дэмс || бōт || будэм
|-
!2nd
| бю̄дэс || бю̄дэт || бōст || будэт
|-
!3rd
| бю̄дэт || бю̄дэн || бōт || будэн
|-
!rowspan=2|
!INF
!IMP
!PART.PRS
!PART.PST
|-
|| бю̄дэн || бю̄т || бю̄дэнс || бодэнс
|}

== Lord's Prayer ==

'''атта унсар ѳу ин еминам
вихна ѳин нама
квема ѳин рика
верѳа ѳинс виля
шве ин емина ях ана ерѳа'''

Mariupol Gothic

2025-08-06T06:19:02Z

Aelfwine: /* Inanimate Masculine Stems */

{{Infobox language
|image =
|imagesize =
|imagecaption =
|name = Mariupol Gothic
|nativename = Гутишка (Gutiškă)
|pronunciation = 'ɦutiʃkə
|states = Ukraine
|setting = Earth
|created = 2019
|familycolor = Indo-European
|fam2 = [[w:Germanic languages|Germanic]]
|fam3 = [[w:East Germanic languages|East Germanic]]
|fam4 =
|fam5 =
|creator = User:Aelfwine
|stand1 =
|dia1 =
|dia2 =
|dia3 =
|script1 = Cyrl
|script2 = Latn
|script3 =
|script4 =
|nation =
|minority = Ukraine, Russia
|agency =
|map =
|mapsize =
|mapcaption =
|notice = IPA
|ethnicity =
|ancestor = [[w:Proto-Indo-European language|Proto-Indo-European]]
|ancestor2 = [[w:Proto-Germanic language|Proto-Germanic]]
|ancestor3 = Old Gothic
|ancestor4 = Middle Gothic
|ancestor5 =
}}

'''Mariupol Gothic''' (natively '''Гутишка ''Gutiškă''''' ['ɦutiʃkə]) or '''Gothish''' is a Germanic language spoken by approximately 45,000 people on the northern coast of the Sea of Azov. It is an East Germanic language, closely related to Biblical Gothic, however the language is not a lineal descendant of Biblical Gothic. Nonetheless the speakers of Mariupol Gothic refer to themselves as "Goths" and their language still shares enough similarities with Gothic to be considered related. The language is critically endangered, with only a handful of native speakers remaining, with most acquiring the language as an L2.

== History ==

The history of the Goths in Ukraine begins with the Ostrogothic settlement of the Black Sea in the 4th century. Along with the Greeks, Alans, Bulgars and others, they made up part of the population in Crimea that followed Orthodox Christianity and were incorporated into the Byzantine Empire as the Principality of Theodoro. After the secession of the principality in the 13th century, Theodoro was overrun by the Mongols and became a vassal of the Golden Horde. The principality enjoyed a period of peace until the Ottoman Empire annexed its capital city of Mangup in 1475.

The Goths managed to maintain their culture and language throughout Ottoman occupation, however a great number of them converted to Islam and assimilated into the Crimean Tatars. During her reign, Catharine the Great invited the Christian Crimean Goths to settle recently conquered lands north of the Sea of Azov. There they were given a special protective status within the Russian Empire and were exempt from the draft.

During World War II many Goths were expelled to various oblasts in Siberia to work as slave labour for the Soviet war machine. Like the Germans in the USSR, the Goths were feared to be sympathetic to the Nazis and therefore were persecuted heavily during World War II. While some Goths returned to the Black Sea after the war, many others had emigrated abroad to countries such as Brazil and Argentina.

== Orthography ==

Since the 1800s Mariupol Gothic has been written in a Cyrillic alphabet based off of the Ukrainian script. The Biblical Gothic alphabet is also used, but it has been mostly limited to the liturgy. However, the Biblical Gothic letter þiuþ <𐌸> was imported to represent the /θ/ sound, it takes a form identical to that of Cyrillic psi.

(This chart is to be updated later as a picture.)

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Cyrillic
! Biblical Gothic
! Romanization
! Phoneme
|-
| [[w:A (Cyrillic)|А а]] || 𐌰 || a || /ɐ/
|-
| [[w:Be (Cyrillic)|Б б]] || 𐌱 || b || /b/
|-
| [[w:Ve (Cyrillic)|В в]] || 𐌱 (but smaller) || v || /v/
|-
| [[w:Ge (Cyrillic)|Г г]] || 𐌲 || gh || /ɣ/
|-
| [[w:Ghe with upturn|Ґ ґ]] || 𐌲' || g || /g/
|-
| [[w:De (Cyrillic)|Д д]] || 𐌳 || d || /d/
|-
| [[w:Ye (Cyrillic)|Е e]] || 𐌴 || e || /e/
|-
| [[w:Ukrainian Ye|Є є]] || 𐌾𐌴 || je || /je/
|-
| [[w:e (Cyrillic)|Э э]] || 𐌴 (but backwards) || ə || /ə/
|-
| [[w:Ze (Cyrillic)|З з]] || 𐌶 || z || /z/
|-
| [[w:I (Cyrillic)|И и]] || 𐌹 || i || /i/
|-
| [[w:Ka (Cyrillic)|К к]] || 𐌺 || k || /k/
|-
| [[w:El (Cyrillic)|Л л]] || 𐌻 || l || /l/
|-
| [[w:Em (Cyrillic)|М м]] || 𐌼 || m || /m/
|-
| [[w:En (Cyrillic)|Н н]] || 𐌽 || n || /n/
|-
| [[w:O (Cyrillic)|О o]] || 𐍉 || o || /o/
|-
| [[w:Pe (Cyrillic)|П п]] || 𐍀 || p || /p/
|-
| [[w:Er (Cyrillic)|Р р]] || 𐍂 || r || /r/
|-
| [[w:Es (Cyrillic)|С с]] || 𐍃 || s || /s/
|-
| [[w:Te (Cyrillic)|Т т]] || 𐍄 || t || /t/
|-
| [[w:U (Cyrillic)|У у]] || 𐌿 || u || /u/
|-
| [[w:Ef (Cyrillic)|Ф ф]] || 𐍆 || f || /f/
|-
| [[w:Psi (Cyrillic)|Ѱ ѱ]] || 𐌸 || th || /θ/
|-
| [[w:Kha (Cyrillic)|Х х]] || 𐍇 || ch || /x/
|-
| [[w:Yu (Cyrillic)|Ү ү]] || 𐍅 || y || /y/
|-
| [[w:Sha (Cyrillic)|Ш ш]] || 𐌵 || sch || /ʃ/
|-
| [[w:Shcha|Щ щ]] || 𐍁 || scht || /ʃt/
|-
| [[w:Ya (Cyrillic)| Я я]] || 𐌾𐌰 || ja || /ja/
|}

== Phonology ==

=== Vowels ===

In comparison to most other Germanic languages, Mariupol Gothic has an incredibly small vowel inventory of just 7 vowels.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
!
! Front
! Central
! Back
|-
! High
| i
|
| u
|-
! Mid
| e
| ə
| o
|-
! Low
!
| a
!
|-
|}

== Nouns ==

=== Animate Masculine Stems ===

{| class=wikitable style=text-align:center
|-
!
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Nominative
| дахс ''dachs''
| дагус ''dagus''
|-
! Accusative
| дах ''dach''
| даганс ''dagans''
|-
! Genitive
| дах ''dach''
| даганс ''dagans''
|-
|}

=== Inanimate Masculine Stems ===

Mariupol Gothic inanimate masculine stems are inherited exclusively from Proto-Germanic an-stem masculine nouns. Example of an inanimate masculine stem noun, '''мина''' (moon):

{| class=wikitable style=text-align:center
|-
!
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Nominative
| минa ''mīnа''
| минaнс ''mīnаns''
|-
! Accusative
| минa ''mīnа''
| минaнс ''mīnаns''
|-
! Genitive
| минaнс ''mīnаns''
| мини ''mīni''
|-
|}

=== Animate Feminine Stems ===

{| class=wikitable style=text-align:center
|-
!
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Nominative
| раздэ
| раздэс
|-
! Oblique
| раздэ
| раздэс
|-
|}

=== Inanimate Feminine Stems ===

{| class=wikitable style=text-align:center
|-
!
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Nominative
| разда ''razdă''
| раздус ''razdus''
|-
! Accusative
| разда ''razdă''
| раздус ''razdus''
|-
! Genitive
| раздус ''razdus''
| разду ''razdu''
|-
|}

=== Strong Neuter Stems ===

Gothish strong neuter stems are made up of former Proto-Germanic a- and u-stem neuters. Example of a strong neuter stem noun, '''бро̄т''' (bread):

{| class=wikitable style=text-align:center
|-
!
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Nominative
| брōт
| брōдэ
|-
! Oblique
| брōт
| брōдэ
|-
|}

=== Weak Neuter Stems ===

Mariupol Gothic weak neuter stems are inherited exclusively from Proto-Germanic an-stem neuters. Example of a weak neuter stem noun, '''о̄гэ''' (eye):

{| class=wikitable style=text-align:center
|-
!
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Nominative
| ōгэ
| ōгэнэ
|-
! Oblique
| ōгэ
| ōгэнэ
|-
|}

== Adjectives ==

The adjectives have been greatly simplified since Proto-Germanic. They are divided into two different forms, strong and weak, and agree in case, number and gender with the noun they modify.

{| class=wikitable style=text-align:center
!colspan=7|Strong
!colspan=6|Weak
|-
!rowspan=2|
!colspan=2|Masculine
!colspan=2|Feminine
!colspan=2|Neuter
!colspan=2|Masculine
!colspan=2|Feminine
!colspan=2|Neuter
|-
!SG
!PL
!SG
!PL
!SG
!PL
!SG
!PL
!SG
!PL
!SG
!PL
|-
!NOM
| -с || rowspan=2 | -э || rowspan=2 | -э || rowspan=2 | -эс || rowspan=2 | -этэ - || rowspan=2 | -э || rowspan=2 | -э || rowspan=2 | -энс || -э || rowspan=2 | -энс || rowspan=2 | -э || rowspan=2 | -энэ
|-
!OBL
| - || -эн
|}

== Verbs ==

Verbs are usually cited in four parts: the infinitive, the
Typically, the preterite

All verbs regardless of class share an infinitive ending in -эн.

The passive voice is formed with the past participle and the word геэн ''geen'' "to go."

== Class II ==

{| class=wikitable style=text-align:center
!rowspan=2|
!colspan=2|Present
!colspan=2|Preterite
|-
!SG
!PL
!SG
!PL
|-
!1st
| бю̄дэ || бю̄дэмс || бōт || будэм
|-
!2nd
| бю̄дэс || бю̄дэт || бōст || будэт
|-
!3rd
| бю̄дэт || бю̄дэн || бōт || будэн
|-
!rowspan=2|
!INF
!IMP
!PART.PRS
!PART.PST
|-
|| бю̄дэн || бю̄т || бю̄дэнс || бодэнс
|}

== Lord's Prayer ==

'''атта унсар ѳу ин еминам
вихна ѳин нама
квема ѳин рика
верѳа ѳинс виля
шве ин емина ях ана ерѳа'''

Mariupol Gothic

2025-08-06T06:13:16Z

Aelfwine: /* Animate Masculine Stems */

{{Infobox language
|image =
|imagesize =
|imagecaption =
|name = Mariupol Gothic
|nativename = Гутишка (Gutiškă)
|pronunciation = 'ɦutiʃkə
|states = Ukraine
|setting = Earth
|created = 2019
|familycolor = Indo-European
|fam2 = [[w:Germanic languages|Germanic]]
|fam3 = [[w:East Germanic languages|East Germanic]]
|fam4 =
|fam5 =
|creator = User:Aelfwine
|stand1 =
|dia1 =
|dia2 =
|dia3 =
|script1 = Cyrl
|script2 = Latn
|script3 =
|script4 =
|nation =
|minority = Ukraine, Russia
|agency =
|map =
|mapsize =
|mapcaption =
|notice = IPA
|ethnicity =
|ancestor = [[w:Proto-Indo-European language|Proto-Indo-European]]
|ancestor2 = [[w:Proto-Germanic language|Proto-Germanic]]
|ancestor3 = Old Gothic
|ancestor4 = Middle Gothic
|ancestor5 =
}}

'''Mariupol Gothic''' (natively '''Гутишка ''Gutiškă''''' ['ɦutiʃkə]) or '''Gothish''' is a Germanic language spoken by approximately 45,000 people on the northern coast of the Sea of Azov. It is an East Germanic language, closely related to Biblical Gothic, however the language is not a lineal descendant of Biblical Gothic. Nonetheless the speakers of Mariupol Gothic refer to themselves as "Goths" and their language still shares enough similarities with Gothic to be considered related. The language is critically endangered, with only a handful of native speakers remaining, with most acquiring the language as an L2.

== History ==

The history of the Goths in Ukraine begins with the Ostrogothic settlement of the Black Sea in the 4th century. Along with the Greeks, Alans, Bulgars and others, they made up part of the population in Crimea that followed Orthodox Christianity and were incorporated into the Byzantine Empire as the Principality of Theodoro. After the secession of the principality in the 13th century, Theodoro was overrun by the Mongols and became a vassal of the Golden Horde. The principality enjoyed a period of peace until the Ottoman Empire annexed its capital city of Mangup in 1475.

The Goths managed to maintain their culture and language throughout Ottoman occupation, however a great number of them converted to Islam and assimilated into the Crimean Tatars. During her reign, Catharine the Great invited the Christian Crimean Goths to settle recently conquered lands north of the Sea of Azov. There they were given a special protective status within the Russian Empire and were exempt from the draft.

During World War II many Goths were expelled to various oblasts in Siberia to work as slave labour for the Soviet war machine. Like the Germans in the USSR, the Goths were feared to be sympathetic to the Nazis and therefore were persecuted heavily during World War II. While some Goths returned to the Black Sea after the war, many others had emigrated abroad to countries such as Brazil and Argentina.

== Orthography ==

Since the 1800s Mariupol Gothic has been written in a Cyrillic alphabet based off of the Ukrainian script. The Biblical Gothic alphabet is also used, but it has been mostly limited to the liturgy. However, the Biblical Gothic letter þiuþ <𐌸> was imported to represent the /θ/ sound, it takes a form identical to that of Cyrillic psi.

(This chart is to be updated later as a picture.)

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Cyrillic
! Biblical Gothic
! Romanization
! Phoneme
|-
| [[w:A (Cyrillic)|А а]] || 𐌰 || a || /ɐ/
|-
| [[w:Be (Cyrillic)|Б б]] || 𐌱 || b || /b/
|-
| [[w:Ve (Cyrillic)|В в]] || 𐌱 (but smaller) || v || /v/
|-
| [[w:Ge (Cyrillic)|Г г]] || 𐌲 || gh || /ɣ/
|-
| [[w:Ghe with upturn|Ґ ґ]] || 𐌲' || g || /g/
|-
| [[w:De (Cyrillic)|Д д]] || 𐌳 || d || /d/
|-
| [[w:Ye (Cyrillic)|Е e]] || 𐌴 || e || /e/
|-
| [[w:Ukrainian Ye|Є є]] || 𐌾𐌴 || je || /je/
|-
| [[w:e (Cyrillic)|Э э]] || 𐌴 (but backwards) || ə || /ə/
|-
| [[w:Ze (Cyrillic)|З з]] || 𐌶 || z || /z/
|-
| [[w:I (Cyrillic)|И и]] || 𐌹 || i || /i/
|-
| [[w:Ka (Cyrillic)|К к]] || 𐌺 || k || /k/
|-
| [[w:El (Cyrillic)|Л л]] || 𐌻 || l || /l/
|-
| [[w:Em (Cyrillic)|М м]] || 𐌼 || m || /m/
|-
| [[w:En (Cyrillic)|Н н]] || 𐌽 || n || /n/
|-
| [[w:O (Cyrillic)|О o]] || 𐍉 || o || /o/
|-
| [[w:Pe (Cyrillic)|П п]] || 𐍀 || p || /p/
|-
| [[w:Er (Cyrillic)|Р р]] || 𐍂 || r || /r/
|-
| [[w:Es (Cyrillic)|С с]] || 𐍃 || s || /s/
|-
| [[w:Te (Cyrillic)|Т т]] || 𐍄 || t || /t/
|-
| [[w:U (Cyrillic)|У у]] || 𐌿 || u || /u/
|-
| [[w:Ef (Cyrillic)|Ф ф]] || 𐍆 || f || /f/
|-
| [[w:Psi (Cyrillic)|Ѱ ѱ]] || 𐌸 || th || /θ/
|-
| [[w:Kha (Cyrillic)|Х х]] || 𐍇 || ch || /x/
|-
| [[w:Yu (Cyrillic)|Ү ү]] || 𐍅 || y || /y/
|-
| [[w:Sha (Cyrillic)|Ш ш]] || 𐌵 || sch || /ʃ/
|-
| [[w:Shcha|Щ щ]] || 𐍁 || scht || /ʃt/
|-
| [[w:Ya (Cyrillic)| Я я]] || 𐌾𐌰 || ja || /ja/
|}

== Phonology ==

=== Vowels ===

In comparison to most other Germanic languages, Mariupol Gothic has an incredibly small vowel inventory of just 7 vowels.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
!
! Front
! Central
! Back
|-
! High
| i
|
| u
|-
! Mid
| e
| ə
| o
|-
! Low
!
| a
!
|-
|}

== Nouns ==

=== Animate Masculine Stems ===

{| class=wikitable style=text-align:center
|-
!
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Nominative
| дахс ''dachs''
| дагус ''dagus''
|-
! Accusative
| дах ''dach''
| даганс ''dagans''
|-
! Genitive
| дах ''dach''
| даганс ''dagans''
|-
|}

=== Inanimate Masculine Stems ===

Mariupol Gothic inanimate masculine stems are inherited exclusively from Proto-Germanic an-stem masculine nouns. Example of an inanimate masculine stem noun, '''мина''' (moon):

{| class=wikitable style=text-align:center
|-
!
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Nominative
| минъ ''mīnă''
| минънс ''mīnăns''
|-
! Accusative
| минъ ''mīnă''
| минънс ''mīnăns''
|-
! Genitive
| минънс ''mīnăns''
| мини ''mīni''
|-
|}

=== Animate Feminine Stems ===

{| class=wikitable style=text-align:center
|-
!
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Nominative
| раздэ
| раздэс
|-
! Oblique
| раздэ
| раздэс
|-
|}

=== Inanimate Feminine Stems ===

{| class=wikitable style=text-align:center
|-
!
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Nominative
| разда ''razdă''
| раздус ''razdus''
|-
! Accusative
| разда ''razdă''
| раздус ''razdus''
|-
! Genitive
| раздус ''razdus''
| разду ''razdu''
|-
|}

=== Strong Neuter Stems ===

Gothish strong neuter stems are made up of former Proto-Germanic a- and u-stem neuters. Example of a strong neuter stem noun, '''бро̄т''' (bread):

{| class=wikitable style=text-align:center
|-
!
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Nominative
| брōт
| брōдэ
|-
! Oblique
| брōт
| брōдэ
|-
|}

=== Weak Neuter Stems ===

Mariupol Gothic weak neuter stems are inherited exclusively from Proto-Germanic an-stem neuters. Example of a weak neuter stem noun, '''о̄гэ''' (eye):

{| class=wikitable style=text-align:center
|-
!
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Nominative
| ōгэ
| ōгэнэ
|-
! Oblique
| ōгэ
| ōгэнэ
|-
|}

== Adjectives ==

The adjectives have been greatly simplified since Proto-Germanic. They are divided into two different forms, strong and weak, and agree in case, number and gender with the noun they modify.

{| class=wikitable style=text-align:center
!colspan=7|Strong
!colspan=6|Weak
|-
!rowspan=2|
!colspan=2|Masculine
!colspan=2|Feminine
!colspan=2|Neuter
!colspan=2|Masculine
!colspan=2|Feminine
!colspan=2|Neuter
|-
!SG
!PL
!SG
!PL
!SG
!PL
!SG
!PL
!SG
!PL
!SG
!PL
|-
!NOM
| -с || rowspan=2 | -э || rowspan=2 | -э || rowspan=2 | -эс || rowspan=2 | -этэ - || rowspan=2 | -э || rowspan=2 | -э || rowspan=2 | -энс || -э || rowspan=2 | -энс || rowspan=2 | -э || rowspan=2 | -энэ
|-
!OBL
| - || -эн
|}

== Verbs ==

Verbs are usually cited in four parts: the infinitive, the
Typically, the preterite

All verbs regardless of class share an infinitive ending in -эн.

The passive voice is formed with the past participle and the word геэн ''geen'' "to go."

== Class II ==

{| class=wikitable style=text-align:center
!rowspan=2|
!colspan=2|Present
!colspan=2|Preterite
|-
!SG
!PL
!SG
!PL
|-
!1st
| бю̄дэ || бю̄дэмс || бōт || будэм
|-
!2nd
| бю̄дэс || бю̄дэт || бōст || будэт
|-
!3rd
| бю̄дэт || бю̄дэн || бōт || будэн
|-
!rowspan=2|
!INF
!IMP
!PART.PRS
!PART.PST
|-
|| бю̄дэн || бю̄т || бю̄дэнс || бодэнс
|}

== Lord's Prayer ==

'''атта унсар ѳу ин еминам
вихна ѳин нама
квема ѳин рика
верѳа ѳинс виля
шве ин емина ях ана ерѳа'''

Mariupol Gothic

2025-08-06T05:57:25Z

Aelfwine: /* Inanimate Masculine Stems */

{{Infobox language
|image =
|imagesize =
|imagecaption =
|name = Mariupol Gothic
|nativename = Гутишка (Gutiškă)
|pronunciation = 'ɦutiʃkə
|states = Ukraine
|setting = Earth
|created = 2019
|familycolor = Indo-European
|fam2 = [[w:Germanic languages|Germanic]]
|fam3 = [[w:East Germanic languages|East Germanic]]
|fam4 =
|fam5 =
|creator = User:Aelfwine
|stand1 =
|dia1 =
|dia2 =
|dia3 =
|script1 = Cyrl
|script2 = Latn
|script3 =
|script4 =
|nation =
|minority = Ukraine, Russia
|agency =
|map =
|mapsize =
|mapcaption =
|notice = IPA
|ethnicity =
|ancestor = [[w:Proto-Indo-European language|Proto-Indo-European]]
|ancestor2 = [[w:Proto-Germanic language|Proto-Germanic]]
|ancestor3 = Old Gothic
|ancestor4 = Middle Gothic
|ancestor5 =
}}

'''Mariupol Gothic''' (natively '''Гутишка ''Gutiškă''''' ['ɦutiʃkə]) or '''Gothish''' is a Germanic language spoken by approximately 45,000 people on the northern coast of the Sea of Azov. It is an East Germanic language, closely related to Biblical Gothic, however the language is not a lineal descendant of Biblical Gothic. Nonetheless the speakers of Mariupol Gothic refer to themselves as "Goths" and their language still shares enough similarities with Gothic to be considered related. The language is critically endangered, with only a handful of native speakers remaining, with most acquiring the language as an L2.

== History ==

The history of the Goths in Ukraine begins with the Ostrogothic settlement of the Black Sea in the 4th century. Along with the Greeks, Alans, Bulgars and others, they made up part of the population in Crimea that followed Orthodox Christianity and were incorporated into the Byzantine Empire as the Principality of Theodoro. After the secession of the principality in the 13th century, Theodoro was overrun by the Mongols and became a vassal of the Golden Horde. The principality enjoyed a period of peace until the Ottoman Empire annexed its capital city of Mangup in 1475.

The Goths managed to maintain their culture and language throughout Ottoman occupation, however a great number of them converted to Islam and assimilated into the Crimean Tatars. During her reign, Catharine the Great invited the Christian Crimean Goths to settle recently conquered lands north of the Sea of Azov. There they were given a special protective status within the Russian Empire and were exempt from the draft.

During World War II many Goths were expelled to various oblasts in Siberia to work as slave labour for the Soviet war machine. Like the Germans in the USSR, the Goths were feared to be sympathetic to the Nazis and therefore were persecuted heavily during World War II. While some Goths returned to the Black Sea after the war, many others had emigrated abroad to countries such as Brazil and Argentina.

== Orthography ==

Since the 1800s Mariupol Gothic has been written in a Cyrillic alphabet based off of the Ukrainian script. The Biblical Gothic alphabet is also used, but it has been mostly limited to the liturgy. However, the Biblical Gothic letter þiuþ <𐌸> was imported to represent the /θ/ sound, it takes a form identical to that of Cyrillic psi.

(This chart is to be updated later as a picture.)

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Cyrillic
! Biblical Gothic
! Romanization
! Phoneme
|-
| [[w:A (Cyrillic)|А а]] || 𐌰 || a || /ɐ/
|-
| [[w:Be (Cyrillic)|Б б]] || 𐌱 || b || /b/
|-
| [[w:Ve (Cyrillic)|В в]] || 𐌱 (but smaller) || v || /v/
|-
| [[w:Ge (Cyrillic)|Г г]] || 𐌲 || gh || /ɣ/
|-
| [[w:Ghe with upturn|Ґ ґ]] || 𐌲' || g || /g/
|-
| [[w:De (Cyrillic)|Д д]] || 𐌳 || d || /d/
|-
| [[w:Ye (Cyrillic)|Е e]] || 𐌴 || e || /e/
|-
| [[w:Ukrainian Ye|Є є]] || 𐌾𐌴 || je || /je/
|-
| [[w:e (Cyrillic)|Э э]] || 𐌴 (but backwards) || ə || /ə/
|-
| [[w:Ze (Cyrillic)|З з]] || 𐌶 || z || /z/
|-
| [[w:I (Cyrillic)|И и]] || 𐌹 || i || /i/
|-
| [[w:Ka (Cyrillic)|К к]] || 𐌺 || k || /k/
|-
| [[w:El (Cyrillic)|Л л]] || 𐌻 || l || /l/
|-
| [[w:Em (Cyrillic)|М м]] || 𐌼 || m || /m/
|-
| [[w:En (Cyrillic)|Н н]] || 𐌽 || n || /n/
|-
| [[w:O (Cyrillic)|О o]] || 𐍉 || o || /o/
|-
| [[w:Pe (Cyrillic)|П п]] || 𐍀 || p || /p/
|-
| [[w:Er (Cyrillic)|Р р]] || 𐍂 || r || /r/
|-
| [[w:Es (Cyrillic)|С с]] || 𐍃 || s || /s/
|-
| [[w:Te (Cyrillic)|Т т]] || 𐍄 || t || /t/
|-
| [[w:U (Cyrillic)|У у]] || 𐌿 || u || /u/
|-
| [[w:Ef (Cyrillic)|Ф ф]] || 𐍆 || f || /f/
|-
| [[w:Psi (Cyrillic)|Ѱ ѱ]] || 𐌸 || th || /θ/
|-
| [[w:Kha (Cyrillic)|Х х]] || 𐍇 || ch || /x/
|-
| [[w:Yu (Cyrillic)|Ү ү]] || 𐍅 || y || /y/
|-
| [[w:Sha (Cyrillic)|Ш ш]] || 𐌵 || sch || /ʃ/
|-
| [[w:Shcha|Щ щ]] || 𐍁 || scht || /ʃt/
|-
| [[w:Ya (Cyrillic)| Я я]] || 𐌾𐌰 || ja || /ja/
|}

== Phonology ==

=== Vowels ===

In comparison to most other Germanic languages, Mariupol Gothic has an incredibly small vowel inventory of just 7 vowels.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
!
! Front
! Central
! Back
|-
! High
| i
|
| u
|-
! Mid
| e
| ə
| o
|-
! Low
!
| a
!
|-
|}

== Nouns ==

=== Animate Masculine Stems ===

{| class=wikitable style=text-align:center
|-
!
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Nominative
| дахс ''dachs''
| дагус ''dagus''
|-
! Accusative
| дах ''dach''
| даганс ''dagăns''
|-
! Genitive
| дах ''dach''
| даганс ''dagăns''
|-
|}

=== Inanimate Masculine Stems ===

Mariupol Gothic inanimate masculine stems are inherited exclusively from Proto-Germanic an-stem masculine nouns. Example of an inanimate masculine stem noun, '''мина''' (moon):

{| class=wikitable style=text-align:center
|-
!
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Nominative
| минъ ''mīnă''
| минънс ''mīnăns''
|-
! Accusative
| минъ ''mīnă''
| минънс ''mīnăns''
|-
! Genitive
| минънс ''mīnăns''
| мини ''mīni''
|-
|}

=== Animate Feminine Stems ===

{| class=wikitable style=text-align:center
|-
!
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Nominative
| раздэ
| раздэс
|-
! Oblique
| раздэ
| раздэс
|-
|}

=== Inanimate Feminine Stems ===

{| class=wikitable style=text-align:center
|-
!
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Nominative
| разда ''razdă''
| раздус ''razdus''
|-
! Accusative
| разда ''razdă''
| раздус ''razdus''
|-
! Genitive
| раздус ''razdus''
| разду ''razdu''
|-
|}

=== Strong Neuter Stems ===

Gothish strong neuter stems are made up of former Proto-Germanic a- and u-stem neuters. Example of a strong neuter stem noun, '''бро̄т''' (bread):

{| class=wikitable style=text-align:center
|-
!
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Nominative
| брōт
| брōдэ
|-
! Oblique
| брōт
| брōдэ
|-
|}

=== Weak Neuter Stems ===

Mariupol Gothic weak neuter stems are inherited exclusively from Proto-Germanic an-stem neuters. Example of a weak neuter stem noun, '''о̄гэ''' (eye):

{| class=wikitable style=text-align:center
|-
!
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Nominative
| ōгэ
| ōгэнэ
|-
! Oblique
| ōгэ
| ōгэнэ
|-
|}

== Adjectives ==

The adjectives have been greatly simplified since Proto-Germanic. They are divided into two different forms, strong and weak, and agree in case, number and gender with the noun they modify.

{| class=wikitable style=text-align:center
!colspan=7|Strong
!colspan=6|Weak
|-
!rowspan=2|
!colspan=2|Masculine
!colspan=2|Feminine
!colspan=2|Neuter
!colspan=2|Masculine
!colspan=2|Feminine
!colspan=2|Neuter
|-
!SG
!PL
!SG
!PL
!SG
!PL
!SG
!PL
!SG
!PL
!SG
!PL
|-
!NOM
| -с || rowspan=2 | -э || rowspan=2 | -э || rowspan=2 | -эс || rowspan=2 | -этэ - || rowspan=2 | -э || rowspan=2 | -э || rowspan=2 | -энс || -э || rowspan=2 | -энс || rowspan=2 | -э || rowspan=2 | -энэ
|-
!OBL
| - || -эн
|}

== Verbs ==

Verbs are usually cited in four parts: the infinitive, the
Typically, the preterite

All verbs regardless of class share an infinitive ending in -эн.

The passive voice is formed with the past participle and the word геэн ''geen'' "to go."

== Class II ==

{| class=wikitable style=text-align:center
!rowspan=2|
!colspan=2|Present
!colspan=2|Preterite
|-
!SG
!PL
!SG
!PL
|-
!1st
| бю̄дэ || бю̄дэмс || бōт || будэм
|-
!2nd
| бю̄дэс || бю̄дэт || бōст || будэт
|-
!3rd
| бю̄дэт || бю̄дэн || бōт || будэн
|-
!rowspan=2|
!INF
!IMP
!PART.PRS
!PART.PST
|-
|| бю̄дэн || бю̄т || бю̄дэнс || бодэнс
|}

== Lord's Prayer ==

'''атта унсар ѳу ин еминам
вихна ѳин нама
квема ѳин рика
верѳа ѳинс виля
шве ин емина ях ана ерѳа'''

Mariupol Gothic

2025-08-02T04:55:45Z

Aelfwine: /* Phonology */

{{Infobox language
|image =
|imagesize =
|imagecaption =
|name = Mariupol Gothic
|nativename = Гутишка (Gutiškă)
|pronunciation = 'ɦutiʃkə
|states = Ukraine
|setting = Earth
|created = 2019
|familycolor = Indo-European
|fam2 = [[w:Germanic languages|Germanic]]
|fam3 = [[w:East Germanic languages|East Germanic]]
|fam4 =
|fam5 =
|creator = User:Aelfwine
|stand1 =
|dia1 =
|dia2 =
|dia3 =
|script1 = Cyrl
|script2 = Latn
|script3 =
|script4 =
|nation =
|minority = Ukraine, Russia
|agency =
|map =
|mapsize =
|mapcaption =
|notice = IPA
|ethnicity =
|ancestor = [[w:Proto-Indo-European language|Proto-Indo-European]]
|ancestor2 = [[w:Proto-Germanic language|Proto-Germanic]]
|ancestor3 = Old Gothic
|ancestor4 = Middle Gothic
|ancestor5 =
}}

'''Mariupol Gothic''' (natively '''Гутишка ''Gutiškă''''' ['ɦutiʃkə]) or '''Gothish''' is a Germanic language spoken by approximately 45,000 people on the northern coast of the Sea of Azov. It is an East Germanic language, closely related to Biblical Gothic, however the language is not a lineal descendant of Biblical Gothic. Nonetheless the speakers of Mariupol Gothic refer to themselves as "Goths" and their language still shares enough similarities with Gothic to be considered related. The language is critically endangered, with only a handful of native speakers remaining, with most acquiring the language as an L2.

== History ==

The history of the Goths in Ukraine begins with the Ostrogothic settlement of the Black Sea in the 4th century. Along with the Greeks, Alans, Bulgars and others, they made up part of the population in Crimea that followed Orthodox Christianity and were incorporated into the Byzantine Empire as the Principality of Theodoro. After the secession of the principality in the 13th century, Theodoro was overrun by the Mongols and became a vassal of the Golden Horde. The principality enjoyed a period of peace until the Ottoman Empire annexed its capital city of Mangup in 1475.

The Goths managed to maintain their culture and language throughout Ottoman occupation, however a great number of them converted to Islam and assimilated into the Crimean Tatars. During her reign, Catharine the Great invited the Christian Crimean Goths to settle recently conquered lands north of the Sea of Azov. There they were given a special protective status within the Russian Empire and were exempt from the draft.

During World War II many Goths were expelled to various oblasts in Siberia to work as slave labour for the Soviet war machine. Like the Germans in the USSR, the Goths were feared to be sympathetic to the Nazis and therefore were persecuted heavily during World War II. While some Goths returned to the Black Sea after the war, many others had emigrated abroad to countries such as Brazil and Argentina.

== Orthography ==

Since the 1800s Mariupol Gothic has been written in a Cyrillic alphabet based off of the Ukrainian script. The Biblical Gothic alphabet is also used, but it has been mostly limited to the liturgy. However, the Biblical Gothic letter þiuþ <𐌸> was imported to represent the /θ/ sound, it takes a form identical to that of Cyrillic psi.

(This chart is to be updated later as a picture.)

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Cyrillic
! Biblical Gothic
! Romanization
! Phoneme
|-
| [[w:A (Cyrillic)|А а]] || 𐌰 || a || /ɐ/
|-
| [[w:Be (Cyrillic)|Б б]] || 𐌱 || b || /b/
|-
| [[w:Ve (Cyrillic)|В в]] || 𐌱 (but smaller) || v || /v/
|-
| [[w:Ge (Cyrillic)|Г г]] || 𐌲 || gh || /ɣ/
|-
| [[w:Ghe with upturn|Ґ ґ]] || 𐌲' || g || /g/
|-
| [[w:De (Cyrillic)|Д д]] || 𐌳 || d || /d/
|-
| [[w:Ye (Cyrillic)|Е e]] || 𐌴 || e || /e/
|-
| [[w:Ukrainian Ye|Є є]] || 𐌾𐌴 || je || /je/
|-
| [[w:e (Cyrillic)|Э э]] || 𐌴 (but backwards) || ə || /ə/
|-
| [[w:Ze (Cyrillic)|З з]] || 𐌶 || z || /z/
|-
| [[w:I (Cyrillic)|И и]] || 𐌹 || i || /i/
|-
| [[w:Ka (Cyrillic)|К к]] || 𐌺 || k || /k/
|-
| [[w:El (Cyrillic)|Л л]] || 𐌻 || l || /l/
|-
| [[w:Em (Cyrillic)|М м]] || 𐌼 || m || /m/
|-
| [[w:En (Cyrillic)|Н н]] || 𐌽 || n || /n/
|-
| [[w:O (Cyrillic)|О o]] || 𐍉 || o || /o/
|-
| [[w:Pe (Cyrillic)|П п]] || 𐍀 || p || /p/
|-
| [[w:Er (Cyrillic)|Р р]] || 𐍂 || r || /r/
|-
| [[w:Es (Cyrillic)|С с]] || 𐍃 || s || /s/
|-
| [[w:Te (Cyrillic)|Т т]] || 𐍄 || t || /t/
|-
| [[w:U (Cyrillic)|У у]] || 𐌿 || u || /u/
|-
| [[w:Ef (Cyrillic)|Ф ф]] || 𐍆 || f || /f/
|-
| [[w:Psi (Cyrillic)|Ѱ ѱ]] || 𐌸 || th || /θ/
|-
| [[w:Kha (Cyrillic)|Х х]] || 𐍇 || ch || /x/
|-
| [[w:Yu (Cyrillic)|Ү ү]] || 𐍅 || y || /y/
|-
| [[w:Sha (Cyrillic)|Ш ш]] || 𐌵 || sch || /ʃ/
|-
| [[w:Shcha|Щ щ]] || 𐍁 || scht || /ʃt/
|-
| [[w:Ya (Cyrillic)| Я я]] || 𐌾𐌰 || ja || /ja/
|}

== Phonology ==

=== Vowels ===

In comparison to most other Germanic languages, Mariupol Gothic has an incredibly small vowel inventory of just 7 vowels.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
!
! Front
! Central
! Back
|-
! High
| i
|
| u
|-
! Mid
| e
| ə
| o
|-
! Low
!
| a
!
|-
|}

== Nouns ==

=== Animate Masculine Stems ===

{| class=wikitable style=text-align:center
|-
!
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Nominative
| дахс ''dachs''
| дагус ''dagus''
|-
! Accusative
| дах ''dach''
| даганс ''dagăns''
|-
! Genitive
| дах ''dach''
| даганс ''dagăns''
|-
|}

=== Inanimate Masculine Stems ===

Mariupol Gothic inanimate masculine stems are inherited exclusively from Proto-Germanic an-stem masculine nouns. Example of an inanimate masculine stem noun, '''мина''' (moon):

{| class=wikitable style=text-align:center
|-
!
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Nominative
| мина ''mină''
| минанс ''minăns''
|-
! Accusative
| мина ''mină''
| минанс ''minăns''
|-
! Genitive
| минанс ''minăns''
| мини ''mini''
|-
|}

=== Animate Feminine Stems ===

{| class=wikitable style=text-align:center
|-
!
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Nominative
| раздэ
| раздэс
|-
! Oblique
| раздэ
| раздэс
|-
|}

=== Inanimate Feminine Stems ===

{| class=wikitable style=text-align:center
|-
!
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Nominative
| разда ''razdă''
| раздус ''razdus''
|-
! Accusative
| разда ''razdă''
| раздус ''razdus''
|-
! Genitive
| раздус ''razdus''
| разду ''razdu''
|-
|}

=== Strong Neuter Stems ===

Gothish strong neuter stems are made up of former Proto-Germanic a- and u-stem neuters. Example of a strong neuter stem noun, '''бро̄т''' (bread):

{| class=wikitable style=text-align:center
|-
!
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Nominative
| брōт
| брōдэ
|-
! Oblique
| брōт
| брōдэ
|-
|}

=== Weak Neuter Stems ===

Mariupol Gothic weak neuter stems are inherited exclusively from Proto-Germanic an-stem neuters. Example of a weak neuter stem noun, '''о̄гэ''' (eye):

{| class=wikitable style=text-align:center
|-
!
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Nominative
| ōгэ
| ōгэнэ
|-
! Oblique
| ōгэ
| ōгэнэ
|-
|}

== Adjectives ==

The adjectives have been greatly simplified since Proto-Germanic. They are divided into two different forms, strong and weak, and agree in case, number and gender with the noun they modify.

{| class=wikitable style=text-align:center
!colspan=7|Strong
!colspan=6|Weak
|-
!rowspan=2|
!colspan=2|Masculine
!colspan=2|Feminine
!colspan=2|Neuter
!colspan=2|Masculine
!colspan=2|Feminine
!colspan=2|Neuter
|-
!SG
!PL
!SG
!PL
!SG
!PL
!SG
!PL
!SG
!PL
!SG
!PL
|-
!NOM
| -с || rowspan=2 | -э || rowspan=2 | -э || rowspan=2 | -эс || rowspan=2 | -этэ - || rowspan=2 | -э || rowspan=2 | -э || rowspan=2 | -энс || -э || rowspan=2 | -энс || rowspan=2 | -э || rowspan=2 | -энэ
|-
!OBL
| - || -эн
|}

== Verbs ==

Verbs are usually cited in four parts: the infinitive, the
Typically, the preterite

All verbs regardless of class share an infinitive ending in -эн.

The passive voice is formed with the past participle and the word геэн ''geen'' "to go."

== Class II ==

{| class=wikitable style=text-align:center
!rowspan=2|
!colspan=2|Present
!colspan=2|Preterite
|-
!SG
!PL
!SG
!PL
|-
!1st
| бю̄дэ || бю̄дэмс || бōт || будэм
|-
!2nd
| бю̄дэс || бю̄дэт || бōст || будэт
|-
!3rd
| бю̄дэт || бю̄дэн || бōт || будэн
|-
!rowspan=2|
!INF
!IMP
!PART.PRS
!PART.PST
|-
|| бю̄дэн || бю̄т || бю̄дэнс || бодэнс
|}

== Lord's Prayer ==

'''атта унсар ѳу ин еминам
вихна ѳин нама
квема ѳин рика
верѳа ѳинс виля
шве ин емина ях ана ерѳа'''

Mariupol Gothic

2025-08-01T06:47:06Z

Aelfwine: /* Nouns */

{{Infobox language
|image =
|imagesize =
|imagecaption =
|name = Mariupol Gothic
|nativename = Гутишка (Gutiškă)
|pronunciation = 'ɦutiʃkə
|states = Ukraine
|setting = Earth
|created = 2019
|familycolor = Indo-European
|fam2 = [[w:Germanic languages|Germanic]]
|fam3 = [[w:East Germanic languages|East Germanic]]
|fam4 =
|fam5 =
|creator = User:Aelfwine
|stand1 =
|dia1 =
|dia2 =
|dia3 =
|script1 = Cyrl
|script2 = Latn
|script3 =
|script4 =
|nation =
|minority = Ukraine, Russia
|agency =
|map =
|mapsize =
|mapcaption =
|notice = IPA
|ethnicity =
|ancestor = [[w:Proto-Indo-European language|Proto-Indo-European]]
|ancestor2 = [[w:Proto-Germanic language|Proto-Germanic]]
|ancestor3 = Old Gothic
|ancestor4 = Middle Gothic
|ancestor5 =
}}

'''Mariupol Gothic''' (natively '''Гутишка ''Gutiškă''''' ['ɦutiʃkə]) or '''Gothish''' is a Germanic language spoken by approximately 45,000 people on the northern coast of the Sea of Azov. It is an East Germanic language, closely related to Biblical Gothic, however the language is not a lineal descendant of Biblical Gothic. Nonetheless the speakers of Mariupol Gothic refer to themselves as "Goths" and their language still shares enough similarities with Gothic to be considered related. The language is critically endangered, with only a handful of native speakers remaining, with most acquiring the language as an L2.

== History ==

The history of the Goths in Ukraine begins with the Ostrogothic settlement of the Black Sea in the 4th century. Along with the Greeks, Alans, Bulgars and others, they made up part of the population in Crimea that followed Orthodox Christianity and were incorporated into the Byzantine Empire as the Principality of Theodoro. After the secession of the principality in the 13th century, Theodoro was overrun by the Mongols and became a vassal of the Golden Horde. The principality enjoyed a period of peace until the Ottoman Empire annexed its capital city of Mangup in 1475.

The Goths managed to maintain their culture and language throughout Ottoman occupation, however a great number of them converted to Islam and assimilated into the Crimean Tatars. During her reign, Catharine the Great invited the Christian Crimean Goths to settle recently conquered lands north of the Sea of Azov. There they were given a special protective status within the Russian Empire and were exempt from the draft.

During World War II many Goths were expelled to various oblasts in Siberia to work as slave labour for the Soviet war machine. Like the Germans in the USSR, the Goths were feared to be sympathetic to the Nazis and therefore were persecuted heavily during World War II. While some Goths returned to the Black Sea after the war, many others had emigrated abroad to countries such as Brazil and Argentina.

== Orthography ==

Since the 1800s Mariupol Gothic has been written in a Cyrillic alphabet based off of the Ukrainian script. The Biblical Gothic alphabet is also used, but it has been mostly limited to the liturgy. However, the Biblical Gothic letter þiuþ <𐌸> was imported to represent the /θ/ sound, it takes a form identical to that of Cyrillic psi.

(This chart is to be updated later as a picture.)

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Cyrillic
! Biblical Gothic
! Romanization
! Phoneme
|-
| [[w:A (Cyrillic)|А а]] || 𐌰 || a || /ɐ/
|-
| [[w:Be (Cyrillic)|Б б]] || 𐌱 || b || /b/
|-
| [[w:Ve (Cyrillic)|В в]] || 𐌱 (but smaller) || v || /v/
|-
| [[w:Ge (Cyrillic)|Г г]] || 𐌲 || gh || /ɣ/
|-
| [[w:Ghe with upturn|Ґ ґ]] || 𐌲' || g || /g/
|-
| [[w:De (Cyrillic)|Д д]] || 𐌳 || d || /d/
|-
| [[w:Ye (Cyrillic)|Е e]] || 𐌴 || e || /e/
|-
| [[w:Ukrainian Ye|Є є]] || 𐌾𐌴 || je || /je/
|-
| [[w:e (Cyrillic)|Э э]] || 𐌴 (but backwards) || ə || /ə/
|-
| [[w:Ze (Cyrillic)|З з]] || 𐌶 || z || /z/
|-
| [[w:I (Cyrillic)|И и]] || 𐌹 || i || /i/
|-
| [[w:Ka (Cyrillic)|К к]] || 𐌺 || k || /k/
|-
| [[w:El (Cyrillic)|Л л]] || 𐌻 || l || /l/
|-
| [[w:Em (Cyrillic)|М м]] || 𐌼 || m || /m/
|-
| [[w:En (Cyrillic)|Н н]] || 𐌽 || n || /n/
|-
| [[w:O (Cyrillic)|О o]] || 𐍉 || o || /o/
|-
| [[w:Pe (Cyrillic)|П п]] || 𐍀 || p || /p/
|-
| [[w:Er (Cyrillic)|Р р]] || 𐍂 || r || /r/
|-
| [[w:Es (Cyrillic)|С с]] || 𐍃 || s || /s/
|-
| [[w:Te (Cyrillic)|Т т]] || 𐍄 || t || /t/
|-
| [[w:U (Cyrillic)|У у]] || 𐌿 || u || /u/
|-
| [[w:Ef (Cyrillic)|Ф ф]] || 𐍆 || f || /f/
|-
| [[w:Psi (Cyrillic)|Ѱ ѱ]] || 𐌸 || th || /θ/
|-
| [[w:Kha (Cyrillic)|Х х]] || 𐍇 || ch || /x/
|-
| [[w:Yu (Cyrillic)|Ү ү]] || 𐍅 || y || /y/
|-
| [[w:Sha (Cyrillic)|Ш ш]] || 𐌵 || sch || /ʃ/
|-
| [[w:Shcha|Щ щ]] || 𐍁 || scht || /ʃt/
|-
| [[w:Ya (Cyrillic)| Я я]] || 𐌾𐌰 || ja || /ja/
|}

== Phonology ==

=== Vowels ===

In comparison to most other Germanic languages, Mariupol Gothic has an incredibly small vowel inventory of just 7 vowels.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
!
! Front
! Central
! Back
|-
! High
| i
| y
| u
|-
! Mid
| e
| ə
| o
|-
! Low
!
| a
!
|-
|}

== Nouns ==

=== Animate Masculine Stems ===

{| class=wikitable style=text-align:center
|-
!
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Nominative
| дахс ''dachs''
| дагус ''dagus''
|-
! Accusative
| дах ''dach''
| даганс ''dagăns''
|-
! Genitive
| дах ''dach''
| даганс ''dagăns''
|-
|}

=== Inanimate Masculine Stems ===

Mariupol Gothic inanimate masculine stems are inherited exclusively from Proto-Germanic an-stem masculine nouns. Example of an inanimate masculine stem noun, '''мина''' (moon):

{| class=wikitable style=text-align:center
|-
!
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Nominative
| мина ''mină''
| минанс ''minăns''
|-
! Accusative
| мина ''mină''
| минанс ''minăns''
|-
! Genitive
| минанс ''minăns''
| мини ''mini''
|-
|}

=== Animate Feminine Stems ===

{| class=wikitable style=text-align:center
|-
!
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Nominative
| раздэ
| раздэс
|-
! Oblique
| раздэ
| раздэс
|-
|}

=== Inanimate Feminine Stems ===

{| class=wikitable style=text-align:center
|-
!
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Nominative
| разда ''razdă''
| раздус ''razdus''
|-
! Accusative
| разда ''razdă''
| раздус ''razdus''
|-
! Genitive
| раздус ''razdus''
| разду ''razdu''
|-
|}

=== Strong Neuter Stems ===

Gothish strong neuter stems are made up of former Proto-Germanic a- and u-stem neuters. Example of a strong neuter stem noun, '''бро̄т''' (bread):

{| class=wikitable style=text-align:center
|-
!
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Nominative
| брōт
| брōдэ
|-
! Oblique
| брōт
| брōдэ
|-
|}

=== Weak Neuter Stems ===

Mariupol Gothic weak neuter stems are inherited exclusively from Proto-Germanic an-stem neuters. Example of a weak neuter stem noun, '''о̄гэ''' (eye):

{| class=wikitable style=text-align:center
|-
!
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Nominative
| ōгэ
| ōгэнэ
|-
! Oblique
| ōгэ
| ōгэнэ
|-
|}

== Adjectives ==

The adjectives have been greatly simplified since Proto-Germanic. They are divided into two different forms, strong and weak, and agree in case, number and gender with the noun they modify.

{| class=wikitable style=text-align:center
!colspan=7|Strong
!colspan=6|Weak
|-
!rowspan=2|
!colspan=2|Masculine
!colspan=2|Feminine
!colspan=2|Neuter
!colspan=2|Masculine
!colspan=2|Feminine
!colspan=2|Neuter
|-
!SG
!PL
!SG
!PL
!SG
!PL
!SG
!PL
!SG
!PL
!SG
!PL
|-
!NOM
| -с || rowspan=2 | -э || rowspan=2 | -э || rowspan=2 | -эс || rowspan=2 | -этэ - || rowspan=2 | -э || rowspan=2 | -э || rowspan=2 | -энс || -э || rowspan=2 | -энс || rowspan=2 | -э || rowspan=2 | -энэ
|-
!OBL
| - || -эн
|}

== Verbs ==

Verbs are usually cited in four parts: the infinitive, the
Typically, the preterite

All verbs regardless of class share an infinitive ending in -эн.

The passive voice is formed with the past participle and the word геэн ''geen'' "to go."

== Class II ==

{| class=wikitable style=text-align:center
!rowspan=2|
!colspan=2|Present
!colspan=2|Preterite
|-
!SG
!PL
!SG
!PL
|-
!1st
| бю̄дэ || бю̄дэмс || бōт || будэм
|-
!2nd
| бю̄дэс || бю̄дэт || бōст || будэт
|-
!3rd
| бю̄дэт || бю̄дэн || бōт || будэн
|-
!rowspan=2|
!INF
!IMP
!PART.PRS
!PART.PST
|-
|| бю̄дэн || бю̄т || бю̄дэнс || бодэнс
|}

== Lord's Prayer ==

'''атта унсар ѳу ин еминам
вихна ѳин нама
квема ѳин рика
верѳа ѳинс виля
шве ин емина ях ана ерѳа'''

Mariupol Gothic

2025-08-01T06:42:37Z

Aelfwine: /* Weak Feminine Stems */

{{Infobox language
|image =
|imagesize =
|imagecaption =
|name = Mariupol Gothic
|nativename = Гутишка (Gutiškă)
|pronunciation = 'ɦutiʃkə
|states = Ukraine
|setting = Earth
|created = 2019
|familycolor = Indo-European
|fam2 = [[w:Germanic languages|Germanic]]
|fam3 = [[w:East Germanic languages|East Germanic]]
|fam4 =
|fam5 =
|creator = User:Aelfwine
|stand1 =
|dia1 =
|dia2 =
|dia3 =
|script1 = Cyrl
|script2 = Latn
|script3 =
|script4 =
|nation =
|minority = Ukraine, Russia
|agency =
|map =
|mapsize =
|mapcaption =
|notice = IPA
|ethnicity =
|ancestor = [[w:Proto-Indo-European language|Proto-Indo-European]]
|ancestor2 = [[w:Proto-Germanic language|Proto-Germanic]]
|ancestor3 = Old Gothic
|ancestor4 = Middle Gothic
|ancestor5 =
}}

'''Mariupol Gothic''' (natively '''Гутишка ''Gutiškă''''' ['ɦutiʃkə]) or '''Gothish''' is a Germanic language spoken by approximately 45,000 people on the northern coast of the Sea of Azov. It is an East Germanic language, closely related to Biblical Gothic, however the language is not a lineal descendant of Biblical Gothic. Nonetheless the speakers of Mariupol Gothic refer to themselves as "Goths" and their language still shares enough similarities with Gothic to be considered related. The language is critically endangered, with only a handful of native speakers remaining, with most acquiring the language as an L2.

== History ==

The history of the Goths in Ukraine begins with the Ostrogothic settlement of the Black Sea in the 4th century. Along with the Greeks, Alans, Bulgars and others, they made up part of the population in Crimea that followed Orthodox Christianity and were incorporated into the Byzantine Empire as the Principality of Theodoro. After the secession of the principality in the 13th century, Theodoro was overrun by the Mongols and became a vassal of the Golden Horde. The principality enjoyed a period of peace until the Ottoman Empire annexed its capital city of Mangup in 1475.

The Goths managed to maintain their culture and language throughout Ottoman occupation, however a great number of them converted to Islam and assimilated into the Crimean Tatars. During her reign, Catharine the Great invited the Christian Crimean Goths to settle recently conquered lands north of the Sea of Azov. There they were given a special protective status within the Russian Empire and were exempt from the draft.

During World War II many Goths were expelled to various oblasts in Siberia to work as slave labour for the Soviet war machine. Like the Germans in the USSR, the Goths were feared to be sympathetic to the Nazis and therefore were persecuted heavily during World War II. While some Goths returned to the Black Sea after the war, many others had emigrated abroad to countries such as Brazil and Argentina.

== Orthography ==

Since the 1800s Mariupol Gothic has been written in a Cyrillic alphabet based off of the Ukrainian script. The Biblical Gothic alphabet is also used, but it has been mostly limited to the liturgy. However, the Biblical Gothic letter þiuþ <𐌸> was imported to represent the /θ/ sound, it takes a form identical to that of Cyrillic psi.

(This chart is to be updated later as a picture.)

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Cyrillic
! Biblical Gothic
! Romanization
! Phoneme
|-
| [[w:A (Cyrillic)|А а]] || 𐌰 || a || /ɐ/
|-
| [[w:Be (Cyrillic)|Б б]] || 𐌱 || b || /b/
|-
| [[w:Ve (Cyrillic)|В в]] || 𐌱 (but smaller) || v || /v/
|-
| [[w:Ge (Cyrillic)|Г г]] || 𐌲 || gh || /ɣ/
|-
| [[w:Ghe with upturn|Ґ ґ]] || 𐌲' || g || /g/
|-
| [[w:De (Cyrillic)|Д д]] || 𐌳 || d || /d/
|-
| [[w:Ye (Cyrillic)|Е e]] || 𐌴 || e || /e/
|-
| [[w:Ukrainian Ye|Є є]] || 𐌾𐌴 || je || /je/
|-
| [[w:e (Cyrillic)|Э э]] || 𐌴 (but backwards) || ə || /ə/
|-
| [[w:Ze (Cyrillic)|З з]] || 𐌶 || z || /z/
|-
| [[w:I (Cyrillic)|И и]] || 𐌹 || i || /i/
|-
| [[w:Ka (Cyrillic)|К к]] || 𐌺 || k || /k/
|-
| [[w:El (Cyrillic)|Л л]] || 𐌻 || l || /l/
|-
| [[w:Em (Cyrillic)|М м]] || 𐌼 || m || /m/
|-
| [[w:En (Cyrillic)|Н н]] || 𐌽 || n || /n/
|-
| [[w:O (Cyrillic)|О o]] || 𐍉 || o || /o/
|-
| [[w:Pe (Cyrillic)|П п]] || 𐍀 || p || /p/
|-
| [[w:Er (Cyrillic)|Р р]] || 𐍂 || r || /r/
|-
| [[w:Es (Cyrillic)|С с]] || 𐍃 || s || /s/
|-
| [[w:Te (Cyrillic)|Т т]] || 𐍄 || t || /t/
|-
| [[w:U (Cyrillic)|У у]] || 𐌿 || u || /u/
|-
| [[w:Ef (Cyrillic)|Ф ф]] || 𐍆 || f || /f/
|-
| [[w:Psi (Cyrillic)|Ѱ ѱ]] || 𐌸 || th || /θ/
|-
| [[w:Kha (Cyrillic)|Х х]] || 𐍇 || ch || /x/
|-
| [[w:Yu (Cyrillic)|Ү ү]] || 𐍅 || y || /y/
|-
| [[w:Sha (Cyrillic)|Ш ш]] || 𐌵 || sch || /ʃ/
|-
| [[w:Shcha|Щ щ]] || 𐍁 || scht || /ʃt/
|-
| [[w:Ya (Cyrillic)| Я я]] || 𐌾𐌰 || ja || /ja/
|}

== Phonology ==

=== Vowels ===

In comparison to most other Germanic languages, Mariupol Gothic has an incredibly small vowel inventory of just 7 vowels.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
!
! Front
! Central
! Back
|-
! High
| i
| y
| u
|-
! Mid
| e
| ə
| o
|-
! Low
!
| a
!
|-
|}

== Nouns ==

=== Animate Masculine Stems ===

{| class=wikitable style=text-align:center
|-
!
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Nominative
| дахс ''dachs''
| дагус ''dagus''
|-
! Accusative
| дах ''dach''
| даганс ''dagăns''
|-
! Genitive
| дах ''dach''
| даганс ''dagăns''
|-
|}

=== Inanimate Masculine Stems ===

Mariupol Gothic inanimate masculine stems are inherited exclusively from Proto-Germanic an-stem masculine nouns. Example of an inanimate masculine stem noun, '''мина''' (moon):

{| class=wikitable style=text-align:center
|-
!
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Nominative
| мина ''mină''
| минанс ''minăns''
|-
! Accusative
| мина ''mină''
| минанс ''minăns''
|-
! Genitive
| минанс ''minăns''
| мини ''mini''
|-
|}

=== Strong Feminine Stems ===

Mariupol Gothic strong feminine stems are made up of former Proto-Germanic ō-, ī- and jō-stem feminine nouns. Example of a strong feminine stem noun, '''раздэ''' (language):

{| class=wikitable style=text-align:center
|-
!
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Nominative
| раздэ
| раздэс
|-
! Oblique
| раздэ
| раздэс
|-
|}

=== Inanimate Feminine Stems ===

{| class=wikitable style=text-align:center
|-
!
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Nominative
| разда
| раздус
|-
! Accusative
| разда
| раздус
|-
! Genitive
| раздус
| разду
|-
|}

=== Strong Neuter Stems ===

Gothish strong neuter stems are made up of former Proto-Germanic a- and u-stem neuters. Example of a strong neuter stem noun, '''бро̄т''' (bread):

{| class=wikitable style=text-align:center
|-
!
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Nominative
| брōт
| брōдэ
|-
! Oblique
| брōт
| брōдэ
|-
|}

=== Weak Neuter Stems ===

Mariupol Gothic weak neuter stems are inherited exclusively from Proto-Germanic an-stem neuters. Example of a weak neuter stem noun, '''о̄гэ''' (eye):

{| class=wikitable style=text-align:center
|-
!
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Nominative
| ōгэ
| ōгэнэ
|-
! Oblique
| ōгэ
| ōгэнэ
|-
|}

== Adjectives ==

The adjectives have been greatly simplified since Proto-Germanic. They are divided into two different forms, strong and weak, and agree in case, number and gender with the noun they modify.

{| class=wikitable style=text-align:center
!colspan=7|Strong
!colspan=6|Weak
|-
!rowspan=2|
!colspan=2|Masculine
!colspan=2|Feminine
!colspan=2|Neuter
!colspan=2|Masculine
!colspan=2|Feminine
!colspan=2|Neuter
|-
!SG
!PL
!SG
!PL
!SG
!PL
!SG
!PL
!SG
!PL
!SG
!PL
|-
!NOM
| -с || rowspan=2 | -э || rowspan=2 | -э || rowspan=2 | -эс || rowspan=2 | -этэ - || rowspan=2 | -э || rowspan=2 | -э || rowspan=2 | -энс || -э || rowspan=2 | -энс || rowspan=2 | -э || rowspan=2 | -энэ
|-
!OBL
| - || -эн
|}

== Verbs ==

Verbs are usually cited in four parts: the infinitive, the
Typically, the preterite

All verbs regardless of class share an infinitive ending in -эн.

The passive voice is formed with the past participle and the word геэн ''geen'' "to go."

== Class II ==

{| class=wikitable style=text-align:center
!rowspan=2|
!colspan=2|Present
!colspan=2|Preterite
|-
!SG
!PL
!SG
!PL
|-
!1st
| бю̄дэ || бю̄дэмс || бōт || будэм
|-
!2nd
| бю̄дэс || бю̄дэт || бōст || будэт
|-
!3rd
| бю̄дэт || бю̄дэн || бōт || будэн
|-
!rowspan=2|
!INF
!IMP
!PART.PRS
!PART.PST
|-
|| бю̄дэн || бю̄т || бю̄дэнс || бодэнс
|}

== Lord's Prayer ==

'''атта унсар ѳу ин еминам
вихна ѳин нама
квема ѳин рика
верѳа ѳинс виля
шве ин емина ях ана ерѳа'''

Mariupol Gothic

2025-07-29T06:15:42Z

Aelfwine: /* Phonology */

{{Infobox language
|image =
|imagesize =
|imagecaption =
|name = Mariupol Gothic
|nativename = Гутишка (Gutiškă)
|pronunciation = 'ɦutiʃkə
|states = Ukraine
|setting = Earth
|created = 2019
|familycolor = Indo-European
|fam2 = [[w:Germanic languages|Germanic]]
|fam3 = [[w:East Germanic languages|East Germanic]]
|fam4 =
|fam5 =
|creator = User:Aelfwine
|stand1 =
|dia1 =
|dia2 =
|dia3 =
|script1 = Cyrl
|script2 = Latn
|script3 =
|script4 =
|nation =
|minority = Ukraine, Russia
|agency =
|map =
|mapsize =
|mapcaption =
|notice = IPA
|ethnicity =
|ancestor = [[w:Proto-Indo-European language|Proto-Indo-European]]
|ancestor2 = [[w:Proto-Germanic language|Proto-Germanic]]
|ancestor3 = Old Gothic
|ancestor4 = Middle Gothic
|ancestor5 =
}}

'''Mariupol Gothic''' (natively '''Гутишка ''Gutiškă''''' ['ɦutiʃkə]) or '''Gothish''' is a Germanic language spoken by approximately 45,000 people on the northern coast of the Sea of Azov. It is an East Germanic language, closely related to Biblical Gothic, however the language is not a lineal descendant of Biblical Gothic. Nonetheless the speakers of Mariupol Gothic refer to themselves as "Goths" and their language still shares enough similarities with Gothic to be considered related. The language is critically endangered, with only a handful of native speakers remaining, with most acquiring the language as an L2.

== History ==

The history of the Goths in Ukraine begins with the Ostrogothic settlement of the Black Sea in the 4th century. Along with the Greeks, Alans, Bulgars and others, they made up part of the population in Crimea that followed Orthodox Christianity and were incorporated into the Byzantine Empire as the Principality of Theodoro. After the secession of the principality in the 13th century, Theodoro was overrun by the Mongols and became a vassal of the Golden Horde. The principality enjoyed a period of peace until the Ottoman Empire annexed its capital city of Mangup in 1475.

The Goths managed to maintain their culture and language throughout Ottoman occupation, however a great number of them converted to Islam and assimilated into the Crimean Tatars. During her reign, Catharine the Great invited the Christian Crimean Goths to settle recently conquered lands north of the Sea of Azov. There they were given a special protective status within the Russian Empire and were exempt from the draft.

During World War II many Goths were expelled to various oblasts in Siberia to work as slave labour for the Soviet war machine. Like the Germans in the USSR, the Goths were feared to be sympathetic to the Nazis and therefore were persecuted heavily during World War II. While some Goths returned to the Black Sea after the war, many others had emigrated abroad to countries such as Brazil and Argentina.

== Orthography ==

Since the 1800s Mariupol Gothic has been written in a Cyrillic alphabet based off of the Ukrainian script. The Biblical Gothic alphabet is also used, but it has been mostly limited to the liturgy. However, the Biblical Gothic letter þiuþ <𐌸> was imported to represent the /θ/ sound, it takes a form identical to that of Cyrillic psi.

(This chart is to be updated later as a picture.)

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Cyrillic
! Biblical Gothic
! Romanization
! Phoneme
|-
| [[w:A (Cyrillic)|А а]] || 𐌰 || a || /ɐ/
|-
| [[w:Be (Cyrillic)|Б б]] || 𐌱 || b || /b/
|-
| [[w:Ve (Cyrillic)|В в]] || 𐌱 (but smaller) || v || /v/
|-
| [[w:Ge (Cyrillic)|Г г]] || 𐌲 || gh || /ɣ/
|-
| [[w:Ghe with upturn|Ґ ґ]] || 𐌲' || g || /g/
|-
| [[w:De (Cyrillic)|Д д]] || 𐌳 || d || /d/
|-
| [[w:Ye (Cyrillic)|Е e]] || 𐌴 || e || /e/
|-
| [[w:Ukrainian Ye|Є є]] || 𐌾𐌴 || je || /je/
|-
| [[w:e (Cyrillic)|Э э]] || 𐌴 (but backwards) || ə || /ə/
|-
| [[w:Ze (Cyrillic)|З з]] || 𐌶 || z || /z/
|-
| [[w:I (Cyrillic)|И и]] || 𐌹 || i || /i/
|-
| [[w:Ka (Cyrillic)|К к]] || 𐌺 || k || /k/
|-
| [[w:El (Cyrillic)|Л л]] || 𐌻 || l || /l/
|-
| [[w:Em (Cyrillic)|М м]] || 𐌼 || m || /m/
|-
| [[w:En (Cyrillic)|Н н]] || 𐌽 || n || /n/
|-
| [[w:O (Cyrillic)|О o]] || 𐍉 || o || /o/
|-
| [[w:Pe (Cyrillic)|П п]] || 𐍀 || p || /p/
|-
| [[w:Er (Cyrillic)|Р р]] || 𐍂 || r || /r/
|-
| [[w:Es (Cyrillic)|С с]] || 𐍃 || s || /s/
|-
| [[w:Te (Cyrillic)|Т т]] || 𐍄 || t || /t/
|-
| [[w:U (Cyrillic)|У у]] || 𐌿 || u || /u/
|-
| [[w:Ef (Cyrillic)|Ф ф]] || 𐍆 || f || /f/
|-
| [[w:Psi (Cyrillic)|Ѱ ѱ]] || 𐌸 || th || /θ/
|-
| [[w:Kha (Cyrillic)|Х х]] || 𐍇 || ch || /x/
|-
| [[w:Yu (Cyrillic)|Ү ү]] || 𐍅 || y || /y/
|-
| [[w:Sha (Cyrillic)|Ш ш]] || 𐌵 || sch || /ʃ/
|-
| [[w:Shcha|Щ щ]] || 𐍁 || scht || /ʃt/
|-
| [[w:Ya (Cyrillic)| Я я]] || 𐌾𐌰 || ja || /ja/
|}

== Phonology ==

=== Vowels ===

In comparison to most other Germanic languages, Mariupol Gothic has an incredibly small vowel inventory of just 7 vowels.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
!
! Front
! Central
! Back
|-
! High
| i
| y
| u
|-
! Mid
| e
| ə
| o
|-
! Low
!
| a
!
|-
|}

== Nouns ==

=== Animate Masculine Stems ===

{| class=wikitable style=text-align:center
|-
!
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Nominative
| дахс ''dachs''
| дагус ''dagus''
|-
! Accusative
| дах ''dach''
| даганс ''dagăns''
|-
! Genitive
| дах ''dach''
| даганс ''dagăns''
|-
|}

=== Inanimate Masculine Stems ===

Mariupol Gothic inanimate masculine stems are inherited exclusively from Proto-Germanic an-stem masculine nouns. Example of an inanimate masculine stem noun, '''мина''' (moon):

{| class=wikitable style=text-align:center
|-
!
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Nominative
| мина ''mină''
| минанс ''minăns''
|-
! Accusative
| мина ''mină''
| минанс ''minăns''
|-
! Genitive
| минанс ''minăns''
| мини ''mini''
|-
|}

=== Strong Feminine Stems ===

Mariupol Gothic strong feminine stems are made up of former Proto-Germanic ō-, ī- and jō-stem feminine nouns. Example of a strong feminine stem noun, '''раздэ''' (language):

{| class=wikitable style=text-align:center
|-
!
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Nominative
| раздэ
| раздэс
|-
! Oblique
| раздэ
| раздэс
|-
|}

=== Weak Feminine Stems ===

Mariupol Gothic weak feminine stems are made up of former Proto-Germanic ōn- and in-stem feminine nouns. Example of a weak feminine stem noun, '''тунгэ''' (tongue):

{| class=wikitable style=text-align:center
|-
!
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Nominative
| тунгэ
| тунгэнс
|-
! Oblique
| тунгэн
| тунгэнс
|-
|}

=== Strong Neuter Stems ===

Gothish strong neuter stems are made up of former Proto-Germanic a- and u-stem neuters. Example of a strong neuter stem noun, '''бро̄т''' (bread):

{| class=wikitable style=text-align:center
|-
!
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Nominative
| брōт
| брōдэ
|-
! Oblique
| брōт
| брōдэ
|-
|}

=== Weak Neuter Stems ===

Mariupol Gothic weak neuter stems are inherited exclusively from Proto-Germanic an-stem neuters. Example of a weak neuter stem noun, '''о̄гэ''' (eye):

{| class=wikitable style=text-align:center
|-
!
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Nominative
| ōгэ
| ōгэнэ
|-
! Oblique
| ōгэ
| ōгэнэ
|-
|}

== Adjectives ==

The adjectives have been greatly simplified since Proto-Germanic. They are divided into two different forms, strong and weak, and agree in case, number and gender with the noun they modify.

{| class=wikitable style=text-align:center
!colspan=7|Strong
!colspan=6|Weak
|-
!rowspan=2|
!colspan=2|Masculine
!colspan=2|Feminine
!colspan=2|Neuter
!colspan=2|Masculine
!colspan=2|Feminine
!colspan=2|Neuter
|-
!SG
!PL
!SG
!PL
!SG
!PL
!SG
!PL
!SG
!PL
!SG
!PL
|-
!NOM
| -с || rowspan=2 | -э || rowspan=2 | -э || rowspan=2 | -эс || rowspan=2 | -этэ - || rowspan=2 | -э || rowspan=2 | -э || rowspan=2 | -энс || -э || rowspan=2 | -энс || rowspan=2 | -э || rowspan=2 | -энэ
|-
!OBL
| - || -эн
|}

== Verbs ==

Verbs are usually cited in four parts: the infinitive, the
Typically, the preterite

All verbs regardless of class share an infinitive ending in -эн.

The passive voice is formed with the past participle and the word геэн ''geen'' "to go."

== Class II ==

{| class=wikitable style=text-align:center
!rowspan=2|
!colspan=2|Present
!colspan=2|Preterite
|-
!SG
!PL
!SG
!PL
|-
!1st
| бю̄дэ || бю̄дэмс || бōт || будэм
|-
!2nd
| бю̄дэс || бю̄дэт || бōст || будэт
|-
!3rd
| бю̄дэт || бю̄дэн || бōт || будэн
|-
!rowspan=2|
!INF
!IMP
!PART.PRS
!PART.PST
|-
|| бю̄дэн || бю̄т || бю̄дэнс || бодэнс
|}

== Lord's Prayer ==

'''атта унсар ѳу ин еминам
вихна ѳин нама
квема ѳин рика
верѳа ѳинс виля
шве ин емина ях ана ерѳа'''

Mariupol Gothic

2025-07-29T06:12:42Z

Aelfwine:

{{Infobox language
|image =
|imagesize =
|imagecaption =
|name = Mariupol Gothic
|nativename = Гутишка (Gutiškă)
|pronunciation = 'ɦutiʃkə
|states = Ukraine
|setting = Earth
|created = 2019
|familycolor = Indo-European
|fam2 = [[w:Germanic languages|Germanic]]
|fam3 = [[w:East Germanic languages|East Germanic]]
|fam4 =
|fam5 =
|creator = User:Aelfwine
|stand1 =
|dia1 =
|dia2 =
|dia3 =
|script1 = Cyrl
|script2 = Latn
|script3 =
|script4 =
|nation =
|minority = Ukraine, Russia
|agency =
|map =
|mapsize =
|mapcaption =
|notice = IPA
|ethnicity =
|ancestor = [[w:Proto-Indo-European language|Proto-Indo-European]]
|ancestor2 = [[w:Proto-Germanic language|Proto-Germanic]]
|ancestor3 = Old Gothic
|ancestor4 = Middle Gothic
|ancestor5 =
}}

'''Mariupol Gothic''' (natively '''Гутишка ''Gutiškă''''' ['ɦutiʃkə]) or '''Gothish''' is a Germanic language spoken by approximately 45,000 people on the northern coast of the Sea of Azov. It is an East Germanic language, closely related to Biblical Gothic, however the language is not a lineal descendant of Biblical Gothic. Nonetheless the speakers of Mariupol Gothic refer to themselves as "Goths" and their language still shares enough similarities with Gothic to be considered related. The language is critically endangered, with only a handful of native speakers remaining, with most acquiring the language as an L2.

== History ==

The history of the Goths in Ukraine begins with the Ostrogothic settlement of the Black Sea in the 4th century. Along with the Greeks, Alans, Bulgars and others, they made up part of the population in Crimea that followed Orthodox Christianity and were incorporated into the Byzantine Empire as the Principality of Theodoro. After the secession of the principality in the 13th century, Theodoro was overrun by the Mongols and became a vassal of the Golden Horde. The principality enjoyed a period of peace until the Ottoman Empire annexed its capital city of Mangup in 1475.

The Goths managed to maintain their culture and language throughout Ottoman occupation, however a great number of them converted to Islam and assimilated into the Crimean Tatars. During her reign, Catharine the Great invited the Christian Crimean Goths to settle recently conquered lands north of the Sea of Azov. There they were given a special protective status within the Russian Empire and were exempt from the draft.

During World War II many Goths were expelled to various oblasts in Siberia to work as slave labour for the Soviet war machine. Like the Germans in the USSR, the Goths were feared to be sympathetic to the Nazis and therefore were persecuted heavily during World War II. While some Goths returned to the Black Sea after the war, many others had emigrated abroad to countries such as Brazil and Argentina.

== Orthography ==

Since the 1800s Mariupol Gothic has been written in a Cyrillic alphabet based off of the Ukrainian script. The Biblical Gothic alphabet is also used, but it has been mostly limited to the liturgy. However, the Biblical Gothic letter þiuþ <𐌸> was imported to represent the /θ/ sound, it takes a form identical to that of Cyrillic psi.

(This chart is to be updated later as a picture.)

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Cyrillic
! Biblical Gothic
! Romanization
! Phoneme
|-
| [[w:A (Cyrillic)|А а]] || 𐌰 || a || /ɐ/
|-
| [[w:Be (Cyrillic)|Б б]] || 𐌱 || b || /b/
|-
| [[w:Ve (Cyrillic)|В в]] || 𐌱 (but smaller) || v || /v/
|-
| [[w:Ge (Cyrillic)|Г г]] || 𐌲 || gh || /ɣ/
|-
| [[w:Ghe with upturn|Ґ ґ]] || 𐌲' || g || /g/
|-
| [[w:De (Cyrillic)|Д д]] || 𐌳 || d || /d/
|-
| [[w:Ye (Cyrillic)|Е e]] || 𐌴 || e || /e/
|-
| [[w:Ukrainian Ye|Є є]] || 𐌾𐌴 || je || /je/
|-
| [[w:e (Cyrillic)|Э э]] || 𐌴 (but backwards) || ə || /ə/
|-
| [[w:Ze (Cyrillic)|З з]] || 𐌶 || z || /z/
|-
| [[w:I (Cyrillic)|И и]] || 𐌹 || i || /i/
|-
| [[w:Ka (Cyrillic)|К к]] || 𐌺 || k || /k/
|-
| [[w:El (Cyrillic)|Л л]] || 𐌻 || l || /l/
|-
| [[w:Em (Cyrillic)|М м]] || 𐌼 || m || /m/
|-
| [[w:En (Cyrillic)|Н н]] || 𐌽 || n || /n/
|-
| [[w:O (Cyrillic)|О o]] || 𐍉 || o || /o/
|-
| [[w:Pe (Cyrillic)|П п]] || 𐍀 || p || /p/
|-
| [[w:Er (Cyrillic)|Р р]] || 𐍂 || r || /r/
|-
| [[w:Es (Cyrillic)|С с]] || 𐍃 || s || /s/
|-
| [[w:Te (Cyrillic)|Т т]] || 𐍄 || t || /t/
|-
| [[w:U (Cyrillic)|У у]] || 𐌿 || u || /u/
|-
| [[w:Ef (Cyrillic)|Ф ф]] || 𐍆 || f || /f/
|-
| [[w:Psi (Cyrillic)|Ѱ ѱ]] || 𐌸 || th || /θ/
|-
| [[w:Kha (Cyrillic)|Х х]] || 𐍇 || ch || /x/
|-
| [[w:Yu (Cyrillic)|Ү ү]] || 𐍅 || y || /y/
|-
| [[w:Sha (Cyrillic)|Ш ш]] || 𐌵 || sch || /ʃ/
|-
| [[w:Shcha|Щ щ]] || 𐍁 || scht || /ʃt/
|-
| [[w:Ya (Cyrillic)| Я я]] || 𐌾𐌰 || ja || /ja/
|}

== Phonology ==

=== Vowels ===

In comparison to most other Germanic languages, Mariupol Gothic has an incredibly small vowel inventory of just 7 vowels.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
!
! Front
! Central
! Back
|-
! High
| i
| y
| u
|-
! Mid
| e
| ə
| o
|-
! Low
!
| a
!
|-
|}

Every vowel except /ə/ can be lengthened. These are usually unmarked, however, dictionaries and

Indefinite Article

Mariupol Gothic has no indefinite article.

== Nouns ==

=== Animate Masculine Stems ===

{| class=wikitable style=text-align:center
|-
!
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Nominative
| дахс ''dachs''
| дагус ''dagus''
|-
! Accusative
| дах ''dach''
| даганс ''dagăns''
|-
! Genitive
| дах ''dach''
| даганс ''dagăns''
|-
|}

=== Inanimate Masculine Stems ===

Mariupol Gothic inanimate masculine stems are inherited exclusively from Proto-Germanic an-stem masculine nouns. Example of an inanimate masculine stem noun, '''мина''' (moon):

{| class=wikitable style=text-align:center
|-
!
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Nominative
| мина ''mină''
| минанс ''minăns''
|-
! Accusative
| мина ''mină''
| минанс ''minăns''
|-
! Genitive
| минанс ''minăns''
| мини ''mini''
|-
|}

=== Strong Feminine Stems ===

Mariupol Gothic strong feminine stems are made up of former Proto-Germanic ō-, ī- and jō-stem feminine nouns. Example of a strong feminine stem noun, '''раздэ''' (language):

{| class=wikitable style=text-align:center
|-
!
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Nominative
| раздэ
| раздэс
|-
! Oblique
| раздэ
| раздэс
|-
|}

=== Weak Feminine Stems ===

Mariupol Gothic weak feminine stems are made up of former Proto-Germanic ōn- and in-stem feminine nouns. Example of a weak feminine stem noun, '''тунгэ''' (tongue):

{| class=wikitable style=text-align:center
|-
!
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Nominative
| тунгэ
| тунгэнс
|-
! Oblique
| тунгэн
| тунгэнс
|-
|}

=== Strong Neuter Stems ===

Gothish strong neuter stems are made up of former Proto-Germanic a- and u-stem neuters. Example of a strong neuter stem noun, '''бро̄т''' (bread):

{| class=wikitable style=text-align:center
|-
!
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Nominative
| брōт
| брōдэ
|-
! Oblique
| брōт
| брōдэ
|-
|}

=== Weak Neuter Stems ===

Mariupol Gothic weak neuter stems are inherited exclusively from Proto-Germanic an-stem neuters. Example of a weak neuter stem noun, '''о̄гэ''' (eye):

{| class=wikitable style=text-align:center
|-
!
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Nominative
| ōгэ
| ōгэнэ
|-
! Oblique
| ōгэ
| ōгэнэ
|-
|}

== Adjectives ==

The adjectives have been greatly simplified since Proto-Germanic. They are divided into two different forms, strong and weak, and agree in case, number and gender with the noun they modify.

{| class=wikitable style=text-align:center
!colspan=7|Strong
!colspan=6|Weak
|-
!rowspan=2|
!colspan=2|Masculine
!colspan=2|Feminine
!colspan=2|Neuter
!colspan=2|Masculine
!colspan=2|Feminine
!colspan=2|Neuter
|-
!SG
!PL
!SG
!PL
!SG
!PL
!SG
!PL
!SG
!PL
!SG
!PL
|-
!NOM
| -с || rowspan=2 | -э || rowspan=2 | -э || rowspan=2 | -эс || rowspan=2 | -этэ - || rowspan=2 | -э || rowspan=2 | -э || rowspan=2 | -энс || -э || rowspan=2 | -энс || rowspan=2 | -э || rowspan=2 | -энэ
|-
!OBL
| - || -эн
|}

== Verbs ==

Verbs are usually cited in four parts: the infinitive, the
Typically, the preterite

All verbs regardless of class share an infinitive ending in -эн.

The passive voice is formed with the past participle and the word геэн ''geen'' "to go."

== Class II ==

{| class=wikitable style=text-align:center
!rowspan=2|
!colspan=2|Present
!colspan=2|Preterite
|-
!SG
!PL
!SG
!PL
|-
!1st
| бю̄дэ || бю̄дэмс || бōт || будэм
|-
!2nd
| бю̄дэс || бю̄дэт || бōст || будэт
|-
!3rd
| бю̄дэт || бю̄дэн || бōт || будэн
|-
!rowspan=2|
!INF
!IMP
!PART.PRS
!PART.PST
|-
|| бю̄дэн || бю̄т || бю̄дэнс || бодэнс
|}

== Lord's Prayer ==

'''атта унсар ѳу ин еминам
вихна ѳин нама
квема ѳин рика
верѳа ѳинс виля
шве ин емина ях ана ерѳа'''

Mariupol Gothic

2025-07-29T06:10:54Z

Aelfwine: /* Nouns */

{{Infobox language
|image =
|imagesize =
|imagecaption =
|name = Mariupol Gothic
|nativename = Гутишка (Hutiškă)
|pronunciation = 'ɦutiʃkə
|states = Ukraine
|setting = Earth
|created = 2019
|familycolor = Indo-European
|fam2 = [[w:Germanic languages|Germanic]]
|fam3 = [[w:East Germanic languages|East Germanic]]
|fam4 =
|fam5 =
|creator = User:Aelfwine
|stand1 =
|dia1 =
|dia2 =
|dia3 =
|script1 = Cyrl
|script2 = Latn
|script3 =
|script4 =
|nation =
|minority = Ukraine, Russia
|agency =
|map =
|mapsize =
|mapcaption =
|notice = IPA
|ethnicity =
|ancestor = [[w:Proto-Indo-European language|Proto-Indo-European]]
|ancestor2 = [[w:Proto-Germanic language|Proto-Germanic]]
|ancestor3 = Old Gothic
|ancestor4 = Middle Gothic
|ancestor5 =
}}

'''Mariupol Gothic''' (natively '''Гутишка ''Hutiškă''''' ['ɦutiʃkə]) or '''Gothish''' is a Germanic language spoken by approximately 45,000 people on the northern coast of the Sea of Azov. It is an East Germanic language, closely related to Biblical Gothic, however the language is not a lineal descendant of Biblical Gothic. Nonetheless the speakers of Mariupol Gothic refer to themselves as "Goths" and their language still shares enough similarities with Gothic to be considered related. The language is critically endangered, with only a handful of native speakers remaining, with most acquiring the language as an L2.

== History ==

The history of the Goths in Ukraine begins with the Ostrogothic settlement of the Black Sea in the 4th century. Along with the Greeks, Alans, Bulgars and others, they made up part of the population in Crimea that followed Orthodox Christianity and were incorporated into the Byzantine Empire as the Principality of Theodoro. After the secession of the principality in the 13th century, Theodoro was overrun by the Mongols and became a vassal of the Golden Horde. The principality enjoyed a period of peace until the Ottoman Empire annexed its capital city of Mangup in 1475.

The Goths managed to maintain their culture and language throughout Ottoman occupation, however a great number of them converted to Islam and assimilated into the Crimean Tatars. During her reign, Catharine the Great invited the Christian Crimean Goths to settle recently conquered lands north of the Sea of Azov. There they were given a special protective status within the Russian Empire and were exempt from the draft.

During World War II many Goths were expelled to various oblasts in Siberia to work as slave labour for the Soviet war machine. Like the Germans in the USSR, the Goths were feared to be sympathetic to the Nazis and therefore were persecuted heavily during World War II. While some Goths returned to the Black Sea after the war, many others had emigrated abroad to countries such as Brazil and Argentina.

== Orthography ==

Since the 1800s Mariupol Gothic has been written in a Cyrillic alphabet based off of the Ukrainian script. The Biblical Gothic alphabet is also used, but it has been mostly limited to the liturgy. However, the Biblical Gothic letter þiuþ <𐌸> was imported to represent the /θ/ sound, it takes a form identical to that of Cyrillic psi.

(This chart is to be updated later as a picture.)

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Cyrillic
! Biblical Gothic
! Romanization
! Phoneme
|-
| [[w:A (Cyrillic)|А а]] || 𐌰 || a || /ɐ/
|-
| [[w:Be (Cyrillic)|Б б]] || 𐌱 || b || /b/
|-
| [[w:Ve (Cyrillic)|В в]] || 𐌱 (but smaller) || v || /v/
|-
| [[w:Ge (Cyrillic)|Г г]] || 𐌲 || gh || /ɣ/
|-
| [[w:Ghe with upturn|Ґ ґ]] || 𐌲' || g || /g/
|-
| [[w:De (Cyrillic)|Д д]] || 𐌳 || d || /d/
|-
| [[w:Ye (Cyrillic)|Е e]] || 𐌴 || e || /e/
|-
| [[w:Ukrainian Ye|Є є]] || 𐌾𐌴 || je || /je/
|-
| [[w:e (Cyrillic)|Э э]] || 𐌴 (but backwards) || ə || /ə/
|-
| [[w:Ze (Cyrillic)|З з]] || 𐌶 || z || /z/
|-
| [[w:I (Cyrillic)|И и]] || 𐌹 || i || /i/
|-
| [[w:Ka (Cyrillic)|К к]] || 𐌺 || k || /k/
|-
| [[w:El (Cyrillic)|Л л]] || 𐌻 || l || /l/
|-
| [[w:Em (Cyrillic)|М м]] || 𐌼 || m || /m/
|-
| [[w:En (Cyrillic)|Н н]] || 𐌽 || n || /n/
|-
| [[w:O (Cyrillic)|О o]] || 𐍉 || o || /o/
|-
| [[w:Pe (Cyrillic)|П п]] || 𐍀 || p || /p/
|-
| [[w:Er (Cyrillic)|Р р]] || 𐍂 || r || /r/
|-
| [[w:Es (Cyrillic)|С с]] || 𐍃 || s || /s/
|-
| [[w:Te (Cyrillic)|Т т]] || 𐍄 || t || /t/
|-
| [[w:U (Cyrillic)|У у]] || 𐌿 || u || /u/
|-
| [[w:Ef (Cyrillic)|Ф ф]] || 𐍆 || f || /f/
|-
| [[w:Psi (Cyrillic)|Ѱ ѱ]] || 𐌸 || th || /θ/
|-
| [[w:Kha (Cyrillic)|Х х]] || 𐍇 || ch || /x/
|-
| [[w:Yu (Cyrillic)|Ү ү]] || 𐍅 || y || /y/
|-
| [[w:Sha (Cyrillic)|Ш ш]] || 𐌵 || sch || /ʃ/
|-
| [[w:Shcha|Щ щ]] || 𐍁 || scht || /ʃt/
|-
| [[w:Ya (Cyrillic)| Я я]] || 𐌾𐌰 || ja || /ja/
|}

== Phonology ==

=== Vowels ===

In comparison to most other Germanic languages, Mariupol Gothic has an incredibly small vowel inventory of just 7 vowels.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
!
! Front
! Central
! Back
|-
! High
| i
| y
| u
|-
! Mid
| e
| ə
| o
|-
! Low
!
| a
!
|-
|}

Every vowel except /ə/ can be lengthened. These are usually unmarked, however, dictionaries and

Indefinite Article

Mariupol Gothic has no indefinite article.

== Nouns ==

=== Animate Masculine Stems ===

{| class=wikitable style=text-align:center
|-
!
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Nominative
| дахс ''dachs''
| дагус ''dagus''
|-
! Accusative
| дах ''dach''
| даганс ''dagăns''
|-
! Genitive
| дах ''dach''
| даганс ''dagăns''
|-
|}

=== Inanimate Masculine Stems ===

Mariupol Gothic inanimate masculine stems are inherited exclusively from Proto-Germanic an-stem masculine nouns. Example of an inanimate masculine stem noun, '''мина''' (moon):

{| class=wikitable style=text-align:center
|-
!
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Nominative
| мина ''mină''
| минанс ''minăns''
|-
! Accusative
| мина ''mină''
| минанс ''minăns''
|-
! Genitive
| минанс ''minăns''
| мини ''mini''
|-
|}

=== Strong Feminine Stems ===

Mariupol Gothic strong feminine stems are made up of former Proto-Germanic ō-, ī- and jō-stem feminine nouns. Example of a strong feminine stem noun, '''раздэ''' (language):

{| class=wikitable style=text-align:center
|-
!
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Nominative
| раздэ
| раздэс
|-
! Oblique
| раздэ
| раздэс
|-
|}

=== Weak Feminine Stems ===

Mariupol Gothic weak feminine stems are made up of former Proto-Germanic ōn- and in-stem feminine nouns. Example of a weak feminine stem noun, '''тунгэ''' (tongue):

{| class=wikitable style=text-align:center
|-
!
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Nominative
| тунгэ
| тунгэнс
|-
! Oblique
| тунгэн
| тунгэнс
|-
|}

=== Strong Neuter Stems ===

Gothish strong neuter stems are made up of former Proto-Germanic a- and u-stem neuters. Example of a strong neuter stem noun, '''бро̄т''' (bread):

{| class=wikitable style=text-align:center
|-
!
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Nominative
| брōт
| брōдэ
|-
! Oblique
| брōт
| брōдэ
|-
|}

=== Weak Neuter Stems ===

Mariupol Gothic weak neuter stems are inherited exclusively from Proto-Germanic an-stem neuters. Example of a weak neuter stem noun, '''о̄гэ''' (eye):

{| class=wikitable style=text-align:center
|-
!
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Nominative
| ōгэ
| ōгэнэ
|-
! Oblique
| ōгэ
| ōгэнэ
|-
|}

== Adjectives ==

The adjectives have been greatly simplified since Proto-Germanic. They are divided into two different forms, strong and weak, and agree in case, number and gender with the noun they modify.

{| class=wikitable style=text-align:center
!colspan=7|Strong
!colspan=6|Weak
|-
!rowspan=2|
!colspan=2|Masculine
!colspan=2|Feminine
!colspan=2|Neuter
!colspan=2|Masculine
!colspan=2|Feminine
!colspan=2|Neuter
|-
!SG
!PL
!SG
!PL
!SG
!PL
!SG
!PL
!SG
!PL
!SG
!PL
|-
!NOM
| -с || rowspan=2 | -э || rowspan=2 | -э || rowspan=2 | -эс || rowspan=2 | -этэ - || rowspan=2 | -э || rowspan=2 | -э || rowspan=2 | -энс || -э || rowspan=2 | -энс || rowspan=2 | -э || rowspan=2 | -энэ
|-
!OBL
| - || -эн
|}

== Verbs ==

Verbs are usually cited in four parts: the infinitive, the
Typically, the preterite

All verbs regardless of class share an infinitive ending in -эн.

The passive voice is formed with the past participle and the word геэн ''geen'' "to go."

== Class II ==

{| class=wikitable style=text-align:center
!rowspan=2|
!colspan=2|Present
!colspan=2|Preterite
|-
!SG
!PL
!SG
!PL
|-
!1st
| бю̄дэ || бю̄дэмс || бōт || будэм
|-
!2nd
| бю̄дэс || бю̄дэт || бōст || будэт
|-
!3rd
| бю̄дэт || бю̄дэн || бōт || будэн
|-
!rowspan=2|
!INF
!IMP
!PART.PRS
!PART.PST
|-
|| бю̄дэн || бю̄т || бю̄дэнс || бодэнс
|}

== Lord's Prayer ==

'''атта унсар ѳу ин еминам
вихна ѳин нама
квема ѳин рика
верѳа ѳинс виля
шве ин емина ях ана ерѳа'''

Mariupol Gothic

2025-07-29T05:47:29Z

Aelfwine:

{{Infobox language
|image =
|imagesize =
|imagecaption =
|name = Mariupol Gothic
|nativename = Гутишка (Hutiškă)
|pronunciation = 'ɦutiʃkə
|states = Ukraine
|setting = Earth
|created = 2019
|familycolor = Indo-European
|fam2 = [[w:Germanic languages|Germanic]]
|fam3 = [[w:East Germanic languages|East Germanic]]
|fam4 =
|fam5 =
|creator = User:Aelfwine
|stand1 =
|dia1 =
|dia2 =
|dia3 =
|script1 = Cyrl
|script2 = Latn
|script3 =
|script4 =
|nation =
|minority = Ukraine, Russia
|agency =
|map =
|mapsize =
|mapcaption =
|notice = IPA
|ethnicity =
|ancestor = [[w:Proto-Indo-European language|Proto-Indo-European]]
|ancestor2 = [[w:Proto-Germanic language|Proto-Germanic]]
|ancestor3 = Old Gothic
|ancestor4 = Middle Gothic
|ancestor5 =
}}

'''Mariupol Gothic''' (natively '''Гутишка ''Hutiškă''''' ['ɦutiʃkə]) or '''Gothish''' is a Germanic language spoken by approximately 45,000 people on the northern coast of the Sea of Azov. It is an East Germanic language, closely related to Biblical Gothic, however the language is not a lineal descendant of Biblical Gothic. Nonetheless the speakers of Mariupol Gothic refer to themselves as "Goths" and their language still shares enough similarities with Gothic to be considered related. The language is critically endangered, with only a handful of native speakers remaining, with most acquiring the language as an L2.

== History ==

The history of the Goths in Ukraine begins with the Ostrogothic settlement of the Black Sea in the 4th century. Along with the Greeks, Alans, Bulgars and others, they made up part of the population in Crimea that followed Orthodox Christianity and were incorporated into the Byzantine Empire as the Principality of Theodoro. After the secession of the principality in the 13th century, Theodoro was overrun by the Mongols and became a vassal of the Golden Horde. The principality enjoyed a period of peace until the Ottoman Empire annexed its capital city of Mangup in 1475.

The Goths managed to maintain their culture and language throughout Ottoman occupation, however a great number of them converted to Islam and assimilated into the Crimean Tatars. During her reign, Catharine the Great invited the Christian Crimean Goths to settle recently conquered lands north of the Sea of Azov. There they were given a special protective status within the Russian Empire and were exempt from the draft.

During World War II many Goths were expelled to various oblasts in Siberia to work as slave labour for the Soviet war machine. Like the Germans in the USSR, the Goths were feared to be sympathetic to the Nazis and therefore were persecuted heavily during World War II. While some Goths returned to the Black Sea after the war, many others had emigrated abroad to countries such as Brazil and Argentina.

== Orthography ==

Since the 1800s Mariupol Gothic has been written in a Cyrillic alphabet based off of the Ukrainian script. The Biblical Gothic alphabet is also used, but it has been mostly limited to the liturgy. However, the Biblical Gothic letter þiuþ <𐌸> was imported to represent the /θ/ sound, it takes a form identical to that of Cyrillic psi.

(This chart is to be updated later as a picture.)

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Cyrillic
! Biblical Gothic
! Romanization
! Phoneme
|-
| [[w:A (Cyrillic)|А а]] || 𐌰 || a || /ɐ/
|-
| [[w:Be (Cyrillic)|Б б]] || 𐌱 || b || /b/
|-
| [[w:Ve (Cyrillic)|В в]] || 𐌱 (but smaller) || v || /v/
|-
| [[w:Ge (Cyrillic)|Г г]] || 𐌲 || gh || /ɣ/
|-
| [[w:Ghe with upturn|Ґ ґ]] || 𐌲' || g || /g/
|-
| [[w:De (Cyrillic)|Д д]] || 𐌳 || d || /d/
|-
| [[w:Ye (Cyrillic)|Е e]] || 𐌴 || e || /e/
|-
| [[w:Ukrainian Ye|Є є]] || 𐌾𐌴 || je || /je/
|-
| [[w:e (Cyrillic)|Э э]] || 𐌴 (but backwards) || ə || /ə/
|-
| [[w:Ze (Cyrillic)|З з]] || 𐌶 || z || /z/
|-
| [[w:I (Cyrillic)|И и]] || 𐌹 || i || /i/
|-
| [[w:Ka (Cyrillic)|К к]] || 𐌺 || k || /k/
|-
| [[w:El (Cyrillic)|Л л]] || 𐌻 || l || /l/
|-
| [[w:Em (Cyrillic)|М м]] || 𐌼 || m || /m/
|-
| [[w:En (Cyrillic)|Н н]] || 𐌽 || n || /n/
|-
| [[w:O (Cyrillic)|О o]] || 𐍉 || o || /o/
|-
| [[w:Pe (Cyrillic)|П п]] || 𐍀 || p || /p/
|-
| [[w:Er (Cyrillic)|Р р]] || 𐍂 || r || /r/
|-
| [[w:Es (Cyrillic)|С с]] || 𐍃 || s || /s/
|-
| [[w:Te (Cyrillic)|Т т]] || 𐍄 || t || /t/
|-
| [[w:U (Cyrillic)|У у]] || 𐌿 || u || /u/
|-
| [[w:Ef (Cyrillic)|Ф ф]] || 𐍆 || f || /f/
|-
| [[w:Psi (Cyrillic)|Ѱ ѱ]] || 𐌸 || th || /θ/
|-
| [[w:Kha (Cyrillic)|Х х]] || 𐍇 || ch || /x/
|-
| [[w:Yu (Cyrillic)|Ү ү]] || 𐍅 || y || /y/
|-
| [[w:Sha (Cyrillic)|Ш ш]] || 𐌵 || sch || /ʃ/
|-
| [[w:Shcha|Щ щ]] || 𐍁 || scht || /ʃt/
|-
| [[w:Ya (Cyrillic)| Я я]] || 𐌾𐌰 || ja || /ja/
|}

== Phonology ==

=== Vowels ===

In comparison to most other Germanic languages, Mariupol Gothic has an incredibly small vowel inventory of just 7 vowels.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
!
! Front
! Central
! Back
|-
! High
| i
| y
| u
|-
! Mid
| e
| ə
| o
|-
! Low
!
| a
!
|-
|}

Every vowel except /ə/ can be lengthened. These are usually unmarked, however, dictionaries and

Indefinite Article

Mariupol Gothic has no indefinite article.

== Nouns ==

=== Animate Masculine Stems ===

{| class=wikitable style=text-align:center
|-
!
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Nominative
| дахс
| дагус
|-
! Accusative
| дах
| даганс
|-
! Genitive
| дах
| даганс
|-
|}

=== Inanimate Masculine Stems ===

Mariupol Gothic inanimate masculine stems are inherited exclusively from Proto-Germanic an-stem masculine nouns. Example of an inanimate masculine stem noun, '''мина''' (moon):

{| class=wikitable style=text-align:center
|-
!
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Nominative
| мина
| минанс
|-
! Accusative
| мина
| минанс
|-
! Genitive
| минанс
| мини
|-
|}

=== Strong Feminine Stems ===

Mariupol Gothic strong feminine stems are made up of former Proto-Germanic ō-, ī- and jō-stem feminine nouns. Example of a strong feminine stem noun, '''раздэ''' (language):

{| class=wikitable style=text-align:center
|-
!
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Nominative
| раздэ
| раздэс
|-
! Oblique
| раздэ
| раздэс
|-
|}

=== Weak Feminine Stems ===

Mariupol Gothic weak feminine stems are made up of former Proto-Germanic ōn- and in-stem feminine nouns. Example of a weak feminine stem noun, '''тунгэ''' (tongue):

{| class=wikitable style=text-align:center
|-
!
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Nominative
| тунгэ
| тунгэнс
|-
! Oblique
| тунгэн
| тунгэнс
|-
|}

=== Strong Neuter Stems ===

Gothish strong neuter stems are made up of former Proto-Germanic a- and u-stem neuters. Example of a strong neuter stem noun, '''бро̄т''' (bread):

{| class=wikitable style=text-align:center
|-
!
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Nominative
| брōт
| брōдэ
|-
! Oblique
| брōт
| брōдэ
|-
|}

=== Weak Neuter Stems ===

Mariupol Gothic weak neuter stems are inherited exclusively from Proto-Germanic an-stem neuters. Example of a weak neuter stem noun, '''о̄гэ''' (eye):

{| class=wikitable style=text-align:center
|-
!
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Nominative
| ōгэ
| ōгэнэ
|-
! Oblique
| ōгэ
| ōгэнэ
|-
|}

== Adjectives ==

The adjectives have been greatly simplified since Proto-Germanic. They are divided into two different forms, strong and weak, and agree in case, number and gender with the noun they modify.

{| class=wikitable style=text-align:center
!colspan=7|Strong
!colspan=6|Weak
|-
!rowspan=2|
!colspan=2|Masculine
!colspan=2|Feminine
!colspan=2|Neuter
!colspan=2|Masculine
!colspan=2|Feminine
!colspan=2|Neuter
|-
!SG
!PL
!SG
!PL
!SG
!PL
!SG
!PL
!SG
!PL
!SG
!PL
|-
!NOM
| -с || rowspan=2 | -э || rowspan=2 | -э || rowspan=2 | -эс || rowspan=2 | -этэ - || rowspan=2 | -э || rowspan=2 | -э || rowspan=2 | -энс || -э || rowspan=2 | -энс || rowspan=2 | -э || rowspan=2 | -энэ
|-
!OBL
| - || -эн
|}

== Verbs ==

Verbs are usually cited in four parts: the infinitive, the
Typically, the preterite

All verbs regardless of class share an infinitive ending in -эн.

The passive voice is formed with the past participle and the word геэн ''geen'' "to go."

== Class II ==

{| class=wikitable style=text-align:center
!rowspan=2|
!colspan=2|Present
!colspan=2|Preterite
|-
!SG
!PL
!SG
!PL
|-
!1st
| бю̄дэ || бю̄дэмс || бōт || будэм
|-
!2nd
| бю̄дэс || бю̄дэт || бōст || будэт
|-
!3rd
| бю̄дэт || бю̄дэн || бōт || будэн
|-
!rowspan=2|
!INF
!IMP
!PART.PRS
!PART.PST
|-
|| бю̄дэн || бю̄т || бю̄дэнс || бодэнс
|}

== Lord's Prayer ==

'''атта унсар ѳу ин еминам
вихна ѳин нама
квема ѳин рика
верѳа ѳинс виля
шве ин емина ях ана ерѳа'''

Mariupol Gothic

2025-07-29T05:33:24Z

Aelfwine:

{{Infobox language
|image =
|imagesize =
|imagecaption =
|name = Mariupol Gothic
|nativename = Гутишка (Hutiškă)
|pronunciation = 'ɦutiʃkə
|states = Ukraine
|setting = Earth
|created = 2019
|familycolor = Indo-European
|fam2 = [[w:Germanic languages|Germanic]]
|fam3 = [[w:East Germanic languages|East Germanic]]
|fam4 =
|fam5 =
|creator = User:Aelfwine
|stand1 =
|dia1 =
|dia2 =
|dia3 =
|script1 = Cyrl
|script2 = Latn
|script3 =
|script4 =
|nation =
|minority = Ukraine, Russia
|agency =
|map =
|mapsize =
|mapcaption =
|notice = IPA
|ethnicity =
|ancestor = [[w:Proto-Indo-European language|Proto-Indo-European]]
|ancestor2 = [[w:Proto-Germanic language|Proto-Germanic]]
|ancestor3 = Old Gothic
|ancestor4 = Middle Gothic
|ancestor5 =
}}

'''Mariupol Gothic''' (natively '''Гутишка ''Hutiškă''''' ['ɦutiʃkə]) or '''Gothish''' is a Germanic language spoken by approximately 45,000 people on the northern coast of the Sea of Azov. It is an East Germanic language, closely related to Biblical Gothic, however the language is not a lineal descendant of Biblical Gothic. Nonetheless the speakers of Mariupol Gothic refer to themselves as "Goths" and their language still shares enough similarities with Gothic to be considered related. The language is critically endangered, with only a handful of native speakers remaining, with most acquiring the language as an L2.

== History ==

The history of the Goths in Ukraine begins with the Ostrogothic settlement of the Black Sea in the 4th century. Along with the Greeks, Alans, Bulgars and others, they made up part of the population in Crimea that followed Orthodox Christianity and were incorporated into the Byzantine Empire as the Principality of Theodoro. After the secession of the principality in the 13th century, Theodoro was overrun by the Mongols and became a vassal of the Golden Horde. The principality enjoyed a period of peace until the Ottoman Empire annexed its capital city of Mangup in 1475.

The Goths managed to maintain their culture and language throughout Ottoman occupation, however a great number of them converted to Islam and assimilated into the Crimean Tatars. During her reign, Catharine the Great invited the Christian Crimean Goths to settle recently conquered lands north of the Sea of Azov. There they were given a special protective status within the Russian Empire and were exempt from the draft.

During World War II many Goths were expelled to various oblasts in Siberia to work as slave labour for the Soviet war machine. Like the Germans in the USSR, the Goths were feared to be sympathetic to the Nazis and therefore were persecuted heavily during World War II. While some Goths returned to the Black Sea after the war, many others had emigrated abroad to countries such as Brazil and Argentina.

== Orthography ==

Since the 1800s Mariupol Gothic has been written in a Cyrillic alphabet based off of the Ukrainian script. The Biblical Gothic alphabet is also used, but it has been mostly limited to the liturgy. However, the Biblical Gothic letter þiuþ <𐌸> was imported to represent the /θ/ sound, it takes a form identical to that of Cyrillic psi.

(This chart is to be updated later as a picture.)

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Cyrillic
! Biblical Gothic
! Romanization
! Phoneme
|-
| [[w:A (Cyrillic)|А а]] || 𐌰 || a || /ɐ/
|-
| [[w:Be (Cyrillic)|Б б]] || 𐌱 || b || /b/
|-
| [[w:Ve (Cyrillic)|В в]] || 𐌱 (but smaller) || v || /v/
|-
| [[w:Ge (Cyrillic)|Г г]] || 𐌲 || gh || /ɣ/
|-
| [[w:Ghe with upturn|Ґ ґ]] || 𐌲' || g || /g/
|-
| [[w:De (Cyrillic)|Д д]] || 𐌳 || d || /d/
|-
| [[w:Ye (Cyrillic)|Е e]] || 𐌴 || e || /e/
|-
| [[w:Ukrainian Ye|Є є]] || 𐌾𐌴 || je || /je/
|-
| [[w:e (Cyrillic)|Э э]] || 𐌴 (but backwards) || ə || /ə/
|-
| [[w:Ze (Cyrillic)|З з]] || 𐌶 || z || /z/
|-
| [[w:I (Cyrillic)|И и]] || 𐌹 || i || /i/
|-
| [[w:Ka (Cyrillic)|К к]] || 𐌺 || k || /k/
|-
| [[w:El (Cyrillic)|Л л]] || 𐌻 || l || /l/
|-
| [[w:Em (Cyrillic)|М м]] || 𐌼 || m || /m/
|-
| [[w:En (Cyrillic)|Н н]] || 𐌽 || n || /n/
|-
| [[w:O (Cyrillic)|О o]] || 𐍉 || o || /o/
|-
| [[w:Pe (Cyrillic)|П п]] || 𐍀 || p || /p/
|-
| [[w:Er (Cyrillic)|Р р]] || 𐍂 || r || /r/
|-
| [[w:Es (Cyrillic)|С с]] || 𐍃 || s || /s/
|-
| [[w:Te (Cyrillic)|Т т]] || 𐍄 || t || /t/
|-
| [[w:U (Cyrillic)|У у]] || 𐌿 || u || /u/
|-
| [[w:Ef (Cyrillic)|Ф ф]] || 𐍆 || f || /f/
|-
| [[w:Psi (Cyrillic)|Ѱ ѱ]] || 𐌸 || th || /θ/
|-
| [[w:Kha (Cyrillic)|Х х]] || 𐍇 || ch || /x/
|-
| [[w:Yu (Cyrillic)|Ү ү]] || 𐍅 || y || /y/
|-
| [[w:Sha (Cyrillic)|Ш ш]] || 𐌵 || sch || /ʃ/
|-
| [[w:Shcha|Щ щ]] || 𐍁 || scht || /ʃt/
|-
| [[w:Ya (Cyrillic)| Я я]] || 𐌾𐌰 || ja || /ja/
|}

== Phonology ==

=== Vowels ===

In comparison to most other Germanic languages, Mariupol Gothic has an incredibly small vowel inventory of just 7 vowels.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
!
! Front
! Central
! Back
|-
! High
| i
| y
| u
|-
! Mid
| e
| ə
| o
|-
! Low
!
| ɐ
!
|-
|}

Every vowel except /ə/ can be lengthened. These are usually unmarked, however, dictionaries and

Indefinite Article

Mariupol Gothic has no indefinite article. However, sometimes итэ is used

== Nouns ==

=== Strong Masculine Stems ===

{| class=wikitable style=text-align:center
|-
!
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Nominative
| дахс
| дагэс
|-
! Oblique
| дах
| дагэнс
|-
|}

=== Weak Masculine Stems ===

Mariupol Gothic weak masculine stems are inherited exclusively from Proto-Germanic an-stem masculine nouns. Example of a weak masculine stem noun, '''мӣнэ''' (moon):

{| class=wikitable style=text-align:center
|-
!
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Nominative
| мӣнэ
| мӣнэнс
|-
! Oblique
| мӣнэ
| мӣнэнс
|-
|}

=== Strong Feminine Stems ===

Mariupol Gothic strong feminine stems are made up of former Proto-Germanic ō-, ī- and jō-stem feminine nouns. Example of a strong feminine stem noun, '''раздэ''' (language):

{| class=wikitable style=text-align:center
|-
!
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Nominative
| раздэ
| раздэс
|-
! Oblique
| раздэ
| раздэс
|-
|}

=== Weak Feminine Stems ===

Mariupol Gothic weak feminine stems are made up of former Proto-Germanic ōn- and in-stem feminine nouns. Example of a weak feminine stem noun, '''тунгэ''' (tongue):

{| class=wikitable style=text-align:center
|-
!
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Nominative
| тунгэ
| тунгэнс
|-
! Oblique
| тунгэн
| тунгэнс
|-
|}

=== Strong Neuter Stems ===

Gothish strong neuter stems are made up of former Proto-Germanic a- and u-stem neuters. Example of a strong neuter stem noun, '''бро̄т''' (bread):

{| class=wikitable style=text-align:center
|-
!
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Nominative
| брōт
| брōдэ
|-
! Oblique
| брōт
| брōдэ
|-
|}

=== Weak Neuter Stems ===

Mariupol Gothic weak neuter stems are inherited exclusively from Proto-Germanic an-stem neuters. Example of a weak neuter stem noun, '''о̄гэ''' (eye):

{| class=wikitable style=text-align:center
|-
!
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Nominative
| ōгэ
| ōгэнэ
|-
! Oblique
| ōгэ
| ōгэнэ
|-
|}

== Adjectives ==

The adjectives have been greatly simplified since Proto-Germanic. They are divided into two different forms, strong and weak, and agree in case, number and gender with the noun they modify.

{| class=wikitable style=text-align:center
!colspan=7|Strong
!colspan=6|Weak
|-
!rowspan=2|
!colspan=2|Masculine
!colspan=2|Feminine
!colspan=2|Neuter
!colspan=2|Masculine
!colspan=2|Feminine
!colspan=2|Neuter
|-
!SG
!PL
!SG
!PL
!SG
!PL
!SG
!PL
!SG
!PL
!SG
!PL
|-
!NOM
| -с || rowspan=2 | -э || rowspan=2 | -э || rowspan=2 | -эс || rowspan=2 | -этэ - || rowspan=2 | -э || rowspan=2 | -э || rowspan=2 | -энс || -э || rowspan=2 | -энс || rowspan=2 | -э || rowspan=2 | -энэ
|-
!OBL
| - || -эн
|}

== Verbs ==

Verbs are usually cited in four parts: the infinitive, the
Typically, the preterite

All verbs regardless of class share an infinitive ending in -эн.

The passive voice is formed with the past participle and the word геэн ''geen'' "to go."

== Class II ==

{| class=wikitable style=text-align:center
!rowspan=2|
!colspan=2|Present
!colspan=2|Preterite
|-
!SG
!PL
!SG
!PL
|-
!1st
| бю̄дэ || бю̄дэмс || бōт || будэм
|-
!2nd
| бю̄дэс || бю̄дэт || бōст || будэт
|-
!3rd
| бю̄дэт || бю̄дэн || бōт || будэн
|-
!rowspan=2|
!INF
!IMP
!PART.PRS
!PART.PST
|-
|| бю̄дэн || бю̄т || бю̄дэнс || бодэнс
|}

== Lord's Prayer ==

'''атта унсар ѳу ин еминам
вихна ѳин нама
квема ѳин рика
верѳа ѳинс виля
шве ин емина ях ана ерѳа'''

Mariupol Gothic

2025-07-29T05:31:36Z

Aelfwine:

{{Infobox language
|image =
|imagesize =
|imagecaption =
|name = Mariupol Gothic
|nativename = Гутишка (Hutiškă)
|pronunciation = 'ɦutiʃkə
|states = Ukraine
|setting = Earth
|created = 2019
|familycolor = Indo-European
|fam2 = [[w:Germanic languages|Germanic]]
|fam3 = [[w:East Germanic languages|East Germanic]]
|fam4 =
|fam5 =
|creator = User:Aelfwine
|stand1 =
|dia1 =
|dia2 =
|dia3 =
|script1 = Cyrl
|script2 = Latn
|script3 =
|script4 =
|nation = Ukraine
|minority = Russia
|agency =
|map =
|mapsize =
|mapcaption =
|notice = IPA
|ethnicity =
|ancestor = [[w:Proto-Indo-European language|Proto-Indo-European]]
|ancestor2 = [[w:Proto-Germanic language|Proto-Germanic]]
|ancestor3 = Old Gothic
|ancestor4 = Middle Gothic
|ancestor5 =
}}

'''Mariupol Gothic''' (natively '''Гутишка ''Hutiškă''''' ['ɦutiʃkə]) or '''Gothish''' is a Germanic language spoken by approximately 45,000 people on the northern coast of the Sea of Azov. It is an East Germanic language, closely related to Biblical Gothic, however the language is not a lineal descendant of Biblical Gothic. Nonetheless the speakers of Mariupol Gothic refer to themselves as "Goths" and their language still shares enough similarities with Gothic to be considered related. The language is critically endangered, with only a handful of native speakers remaining, with most acquiring the language as an L2.

== History ==

The history of the Goths in Ukraine begins with the Ostrogothic settlement of the Black Sea in the 4th century. Along with the Greeks, Alans, Bulgars and others, they made up part of the population in Crimea that followed Orthodox Christianity and were incorporated into the Byzantine Empire as the Principality of Theodoro. After the secession of the principality in the 13th century, Theodoro was overrun by the Mongols and became a vassal of the Golden Horde. The principality enjoyed a period of peace until the Ottoman Empire annexed its capital city of Mangup in 1475.

The Goths managed to maintain their culture and language throughout Ottoman occupation, however a great number of them converted to Islam and assimilated into the Crimean Tatars. During her reign, Catharine the Great invited the Christian Crimean Goths to settle recently conquered lands north of the Sea of Azov. There they were given a special protective status within the Russian Empire and were exempt from the draft.

During World War II many Goths were expelled to various oblasts in Siberia to work as slave labour for the Soviet war machine. Like the Germans in the USSR, the Goths were feared to be sympathetic to the Nazis and therefore were persecuted heavily during World War II. While some Goths returned to the Black Sea after the war, many others had emigrated abroad to countries such as Brazil and Argentina.

== Orthography ==

Since the 1800s Mariupol Gothic has been written in a Cyrillic alphabet based off of the Ukrainian script. The Biblical Gothic alphabet is also used, but it has been mostly limited to the liturgy. However, the Biblical Gothic letter þiuþ <𐌸> was imported to represent the /θ/ sound, it takes a form identical to that of Cyrillic psi.

(This chart is to be updated later as a picture.)

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Cyrillic
! Biblical Gothic
! Romanization
! Phoneme
|-
| [[w:A (Cyrillic)|А а]] || 𐌰 || a || /ɐ/
|-
| [[w:Be (Cyrillic)|Б б]] || 𐌱 || b || /b/
|-
| [[w:Ve (Cyrillic)|В в]] || 𐌱 (but smaller) || v || /v/
|-
| [[w:Ge (Cyrillic)|Г г]] || 𐌲 || gh || /ɣ/
|-
| [[w:Ghe with upturn|Ґ ґ]] || 𐌲' || g || /g/
|-
| [[w:De (Cyrillic)|Д д]] || 𐌳 || d || /d/
|-
| [[w:Ye (Cyrillic)|Е e]] || 𐌴 || e || /e/
|-
| [[w:Ukrainian Ye|Є є]] || 𐌾𐌴 || je || /je/
|-
| [[w:e (Cyrillic)|Э э]] || 𐌴 (but backwards) || ə || /ə/
|-
| [[w:Ze (Cyrillic)|З з]] || 𐌶 || z || /z/
|-
| [[w:I (Cyrillic)|И и]] || 𐌹 || i || /i/
|-
| [[w:Ka (Cyrillic)|К к]] || 𐌺 || k || /k/
|-
| [[w:El (Cyrillic)|Л л]] || 𐌻 || l || /l/
|-
| [[w:Em (Cyrillic)|М м]] || 𐌼 || m || /m/
|-
| [[w:En (Cyrillic)|Н н]] || 𐌽 || n || /n/
|-
| [[w:O (Cyrillic)|О o]] || 𐍉 || o || /o/
|-
| [[w:Pe (Cyrillic)|П п]] || 𐍀 || p || /p/
|-
| [[w:Er (Cyrillic)|Р р]] || 𐍂 || r || /r/
|-
| [[w:Es (Cyrillic)|С с]] || 𐍃 || s || /s/
|-
| [[w:Te (Cyrillic)|Т т]] || 𐍄 || t || /t/
|-
| [[w:U (Cyrillic)|У у]] || 𐌿 || u || /u/
|-
| [[w:Ef (Cyrillic)|Ф ф]] || 𐍆 || f || /f/
|-
| [[w:Psi (Cyrillic)|Ѱ ѱ]] || 𐌸 || th || /θ/
|-
| [[w:Kha (Cyrillic)|Х х]] || 𐍇 || ch || /x/
|-
| [[w:Yu (Cyrillic)|Ү ү]] || 𐍅 || y || /y/
|-
| [[w:Sha (Cyrillic)|Ш ш]] || 𐌵 || sch || /ʃ/
|-
| [[w:Shcha|Щ щ]] || 𐍁 || scht || /ʃt/
|-
| [[w:Ya (Cyrillic)| Я я]] || 𐌾𐌰 || ja || /ja/
|}

== Phonology ==

=== Vowels ===

In comparison to most other Germanic languages, Mariupol Gothic has an incredibly small vowel inventory of just 7 vowels.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
!
! Front
! Central
! Back
|-
! High
| i
| y
| u
|-
! Mid
| e
| ə
| o
|-
! Low
!
| ɐ
!
|-
|}

Every vowel except /ə/ can be lengthened. These are usually unmarked, however, dictionaries and

Indefinite Article

Mariupol Gothic has no indefinite article. However, sometimes итэ is used

== Nouns ==

=== Strong Masculine Stems ===

{| class=wikitable style=text-align:center
|-
!
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Nominative
| дахс
| дагэс
|-
! Oblique
| дах
| дагэнс
|-
|}

=== Weak Masculine Stems ===

Mariupol Gothic weak masculine stems are inherited exclusively from Proto-Germanic an-stem masculine nouns. Example of a weak masculine stem noun, '''мӣнэ''' (moon):

{| class=wikitable style=text-align:center
|-
!
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Nominative
| мӣнэ
| мӣнэнс
|-
! Oblique
| мӣнэ
| мӣнэнс
|-
|}

=== Strong Feminine Stems ===

Mariupol Gothic strong feminine stems are made up of former Proto-Germanic ō-, ī- and jō-stem feminine nouns. Example of a strong feminine stem noun, '''раздэ''' (language):

{| class=wikitable style=text-align:center
|-
!
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Nominative
| раздэ
| раздэс
|-
! Oblique
| раздэ
| раздэс
|-
|}

=== Weak Feminine Stems ===

Mariupol Gothic weak feminine stems are made up of former Proto-Germanic ōn- and in-stem feminine nouns. Example of a weak feminine stem noun, '''тунгэ''' (tongue):

{| class=wikitable style=text-align:center
|-
!
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Nominative
| тунгэ
| тунгэнс
|-
! Oblique
| тунгэн
| тунгэнс
|-
|}

=== Strong Neuter Stems ===

Gothish strong neuter stems are made up of former Proto-Germanic a- and u-stem neuters. Example of a strong neuter stem noun, '''бро̄т''' (bread):

{| class=wikitable style=text-align:center
|-
!
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Nominative
| брōт
| брōдэ
|-
! Oblique
| брōт
| брōдэ
|-
|}

=== Weak Neuter Stems ===

Mariupol Gothic weak neuter stems are inherited exclusively from Proto-Germanic an-stem neuters. Example of a weak neuter stem noun, '''о̄гэ''' (eye):

{| class=wikitable style=text-align:center
|-
!
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Nominative
| ōгэ
| ōгэнэ
|-
! Oblique
| ōгэ
| ōгэнэ
|-
|}

== Adjectives ==

The adjectives have been greatly simplified since Proto-Germanic. They are divided into two different forms, strong and weak, and agree in case, number and gender with the noun they modify.

{| class=wikitable style=text-align:center
!colspan=7|Strong
!colspan=6|Weak
|-
!rowspan=2|
!colspan=2|Masculine
!colspan=2|Feminine
!colspan=2|Neuter
!colspan=2|Masculine
!colspan=2|Feminine
!colspan=2|Neuter
|-
!SG
!PL
!SG
!PL
!SG
!PL
!SG
!PL
!SG
!PL
!SG
!PL
|-
!NOM
| -с || rowspan=2 | -э || rowspan=2 | -э || rowspan=2 | -эс || rowspan=2 | -этэ - || rowspan=2 | -э || rowspan=2 | -э || rowspan=2 | -энс || -э || rowspan=2 | -энс || rowspan=2 | -э || rowspan=2 | -энэ
|-
!OBL
| - || -эн
|}

== Verbs ==

Verbs are usually cited in four parts: the infinitive, the
Typically, the preterite

All verbs regardless of class share an infinitive ending in -эн.

The passive voice is formed with the past participle and the word геэн ''geen'' "to go."

== Class II ==

{| class=wikitable style=text-align:center
!rowspan=2|
!colspan=2|Present
!colspan=2|Preterite
|-
!SG
!PL
!SG
!PL
|-
!1st
| бю̄дэ || бю̄дэмс || бōт || будэм
|-
!2nd
| бю̄дэс || бю̄дэт || бōст || будэт
|-
!3rd
| бю̄дэт || бю̄дэн || бōт || будэн
|-
!rowspan=2|
!INF
!IMP
!PART.PRS
!PART.PST
|-
|| бю̄дэн || бю̄т || бю̄дэнс || бодэнс
|}

== Lord's Prayer ==

'''атта унсар ѳу ин еминам
вихна ѳин нама
квема ѳин рика
верѳа ѳинс виля
шве ин емина ях ана ерѳа'''

Bonus Casino No Deposit Bonus

2025-07-05T17:49:52Z

Aelfwine:

National Problem Gambling Helpline (1-800-GAMBLER) is operated by the National Council on Problem Gambling. The helpline serves as a one-stop hub connecting people looking for assistance with a gambling problem to local resources. This network includes 28 contact centers, covering all 50 states and U.S. territories.

User:Aelfwine

2025-03-12T07:07:46Z

Aelfwine: /* New English */

User:Aelfwine

2025-03-12T07:00:41Z

Aelfwine:

Mariupol Gothic

2025-03-02T05:41:21Z

Aelfwine: /* Class II */

Mariupol Gothic is a Germanic language spoken by approximately 15,000 people on the northern coast of the Sea of Azov. It is an East Germanic language, closely related to Biblical Gothic, however the language is not a lineal descendant of Biblical Gothic. Nonetheless the speakers of Mariupol Gothic refer to themselves as "Goths" and their language still shares enough similarities with Gothic to be considered related. The language is critically endangered, with only a handful of native speakers remaining, with most acquiring the language as an L2.

== History ==

The history of the Goths in Ukraine begins with the Ostrogothic settlement of the Black Sea in the 4th century. Along with the Greeks, Alans, Bulgars and others, they made up part of the population in Crimea that followed Orthodox Christianity and were incorporated into the Byzantine Empire as the Principality of Theodoro. After the secession of the principality in the 13th century, Theodoro was overrun by the Mongols and became a vassal of the Golden Horde. The principality enjoyed a period of peace until the Ottoman Empire annexed its capital city of Mangup in 1475.

The Goths managed to maintain their culture and language throughout Ottoman occupation, however a great number of them converted to Islam and assimilated into the Crimean Tatars. During her reign, Catharine the Great invited the Christian Crimean Goths to settle recently conquered lands north of the Sea of Azov. There they were given a special protective status within the Russian Empire and were exempt from the draft.

During World War II many Goths were expelled to various oblasts in Siberia to work as slave labour for the Soviet war machine. Like the Germans in the USSR, the Goths were feared to be sympathetic to the Nazis and therefore were persecuted heavily during World War II. While some Goths returned to the Black Sea after the war, many others had emigrated abroad to countries such as Brazil and Argentina.

== Orthography ==

Since the 1920s Mariupol Gothic has been written in a Cyrillic alphabet based off of the Ukrainian script. The Biblical Gothic alphabet is also used, but it has been mostly limited to the liturgy. However, the Biblical Gothic letter þiuþ <𐌸> was imported to represent the /θ/ sound, it takes a form identical to that of Cyrillic psi.

(This chart is to be updated later as a picture.)

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Cyrillic
! Biblical Gothic
! Romanization
! Phoneme
|-
| [[w:A (Cyrillic)|А а]] || 𐌰 || a || /ɐ/
|-
| [[w:Be (Cyrillic)|Б б]] || 𐌱 || b || /b/
|-
| [[w:Ve (Cyrillic)|В в]] || 𐌱 (but smaller) || v || /v/
|-
| [[w:Ge (Cyrillic)|Г г]] || 𐌲 || gh || /ɣ/
|-
| [[w:Ghe with upturn|Ґ ґ]] || 𐌲' || g || /g/
|-
| [[w:De (Cyrillic)|Д д]] || 𐌳 || d || /d/
|-
| [[w:Ye (Cyrillic)|Е e]] || 𐌴 || e || /e/
|-
| [[w:Ukrainian Ye|Є є]] || 𐌾𐌴 || je || /je/
|-
| [[w:e (Cyrillic)|Э э]] || 𐌴 (but backwards) || ə || /ə/
|-
| [[w:Ze (Cyrillic)|З з]] || 𐌶 || z || /z/
|-
| [[w:I (Cyrillic)|И и]] || 𐌹 || i || /i/
|-
| [[w:Ka (Cyrillic)|К к]] || 𐌺 || k || /k/
|-
| [[w:El (Cyrillic)|Л л]] || 𐌻 || l || /l/
|-
| [[w:Em (Cyrillic)|М м]] || 𐌼 || m || /m/
|-
| [[w:En (Cyrillic)|Н н]] || 𐌽 || n || /n/
|-
| [[w:O (Cyrillic)|О o]] || 𐍉 || o || /o/
|-
| [[w:Pe (Cyrillic)|П п]] || 𐍀 || p || /p/
|-
| [[w:Er (Cyrillic)|Р р]] || 𐍂 || r || /r/
|-
| [[w:Es (Cyrillic)|С с]] || 𐍃 || s || /s/
|-
| [[w:Te (Cyrillic)|Т т]] || 𐍄 || t || /t/
|-
| [[w:U (Cyrillic)|У у]] || 𐌿 || u || /u/
|-
| [[w:Ef (Cyrillic)|Ф ф]] || 𐍆 || f || /f/
|-
| [[w:Psi (Cyrillic)|Ѱ ѱ]] || 𐌸 || th || /θ/
|-
| [[w:Kha (Cyrillic)|Х х]] || 𐍇 || ch || /x/
|-
| [[w:Yu (Cyrillic)|Ү ү]] || 𐍅 || y || /y/
|-
| [[w:Sha (Cyrillic)|Ш ш]] || 𐌵 || sch || /ʃ/
|-
| [[w:Shcha|Щ щ]] || 𐍁 || scht || /ʃt/
|-
| [[w:Ya (Cyrillic)| Я я]] || 𐌾𐌰 || ja || /ja/
|}

== Phonology ==

=== Vowels ===

In comparison to most other Germanic languages, Mariupol Gothic has an incredibly small vowel inventory of just 7 vowels.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
!
! Front
! Central
! Back
|-
! High
| i
| y
| u
|-
! Mid
| e
| ə
| o
|-
! Low
!
| ɐ
!
|-
|}

Every vowel except /ə/ can be lengthened. These are usually unmarked, however, dictionaries and

Indefinite Article

Mariupol Gothic has no indefinite article. However, sometimes итэ is used

== Nouns ==

=== Strong Masculine Stems ===

{| class=wikitable style=text-align:center
|-
!
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Nominative
| дахс
| дагэс
|-
! Oblique
| дах
| дагэнс
|-
|}

=== Weak Masculine Stems ===

Mariupol Gothic weak masculine stems are inherited exclusively from Proto-Germanic an-stem masculine nouns. Example of a weak masculine stem noun, '''мӣнэ''' (moon):

{| class=wikitable style=text-align:center
|-
!
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Nominative
| мӣнэ
| мӣнэнс
|-
! Oblique
| мӣнэ
| мӣнэнс
|-
|}

=== Strong Feminine Stems ===

Mariupol Gothic strong feminine stems are made up of former Proto-Germanic ō-, ī- and jō-stem feminine nouns. Example of a strong feminine stem noun, '''раздэ''' (language):

{| class=wikitable style=text-align:center
|-
!
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Nominative
| раздэ
| раздэс
|-
! Oblique
| раздэ
| раздэс
|-
|}

=== Weak Feminine Stems ===

Mariupol Gothic weak feminine stems are made up of former Proto-Germanic ōn- and in-stem feminine nouns. Example of a weak feminine stem noun, '''тунгэ''' (tongue):

{| class=wikitable style=text-align:center
|-
!
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Nominative
| тунгэ
| тунгэнс
|-
! Oblique
| тунгэн
| тунгэнс
|-
|}

=== Strong Neuter Stems ===

Gothish strong neuter stems are made up of former Proto-Germanic a- and u-stem neuters. Example of a strong neuter stem noun, '''бро̄т''' (bread):

{| class=wikitable style=text-align:center
|-
!
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Nominative
| брōт
| брōдэ
|-
! Oblique
| брōт
| брōдэ
|-
|}

=== Weak Neuter Stems ===

Mariupol Gothic weak neuter stems are inherited exclusively from Proto-Germanic an-stem neuters. Example of a weak neuter stem noun, '''о̄гэ''' (eye):

{| class=wikitable style=text-align:center
|-
!
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Nominative
| ōгэ
| ōгэнэ
|-
! Oblique
| ōгэ
| ōгэнэ
|-
|}

== Adjectives ==

The adjectives have been greatly simplified since Proto-Germanic. They are divided into two different forms, strong and weak, and agree in case, number and gender with the noun they modify.

{| class=wikitable style=text-align:center
!colspan=7|Strong
!colspan=6|Weak
|-
!rowspan=2|
!colspan=2|Masculine
!colspan=2|Feminine
!colspan=2|Neuter
!colspan=2|Masculine
!colspan=2|Feminine
!colspan=2|Neuter
|-
!SG
!PL
!SG
!PL
!SG
!PL
!SG
!PL
!SG
!PL
!SG
!PL
|-
!NOM
| -с || rowspan=2 | -э || rowspan=2 | -э || rowspan=2 | -эс || rowspan=2 | -этэ - || rowspan=2 | -э || rowspan=2 | -э || rowspan=2 | -энс || -э || rowspan=2 | -энс || rowspan=2 | -э || rowspan=2 | -энэ
|-
!OBL
| - || -эн
|}

== Verbs ==

Verbs are usually cited in four parts: the infinitive, the
Typically, the preterite

All verbs regardless of class share an infinitive ending in -эн.

The passive voice is formed with the past participle and the word геэн ''geen'' "to go."

== Class II ==

{| class=wikitable style=text-align:center
!rowspan=2|
!colspan=2|Present
!colspan=2|Preterite
|-
!SG
!PL
!SG
!PL
|-
!1st
| бю̄дэ || бю̄дэмс || бōт || будэм
|-
!2nd
| бю̄дэс || бю̄дэт || бōст || будэт
|-
!3rd
| бю̄дэт || бю̄дэн || бōт || будэн
|-
!rowspan=2|
!INF
!IMP
!PART.PRS
!PART.PST
|-
|| бю̄дэн || бю̄т || бю̄дэнс || бодэнс
|}

Use of jegen (auxiliary verb):

'''ик єх ѱе коп ак ѱе кат.''' 
''Ik jech þe kop ak þe kat.'' 
"I have the cup and the cat."

Mariupol Gothic

2025-03-02T05:40:00Z

Aelfwine:

Mariupol Gothic is a Germanic language spoken by approximately 15,000 people on the northern coast of the Sea of Azov. It is an East Germanic language, closely related to Biblical Gothic, however the language is not a lineal descendant of Biblical Gothic. Nonetheless the speakers of Mariupol Gothic refer to themselves as "Goths" and their language still shares enough similarities with Gothic to be considered related. The language is critically endangered, with only a handful of native speakers remaining, with most acquiring the language as an L2.

== History ==

The history of the Goths in Ukraine begins with the Ostrogothic settlement of the Black Sea in the 4th century. Along with the Greeks, Alans, Bulgars and others, they made up part of the population in Crimea that followed Orthodox Christianity and were incorporated into the Byzantine Empire as the Principality of Theodoro. After the secession of the principality in the 13th century, Theodoro was overrun by the Mongols and became a vassal of the Golden Horde. The principality enjoyed a period of peace until the Ottoman Empire annexed its capital city of Mangup in 1475.

The Goths managed to maintain their culture and language throughout Ottoman occupation, however a great number of them converted to Islam and assimilated into the Crimean Tatars. During her reign, Catharine the Great invited the Christian Crimean Goths to settle recently conquered lands north of the Sea of Azov. There they were given a special protective status within the Russian Empire and were exempt from the draft.

During World War II many Goths were expelled to various oblasts in Siberia to work as slave labour for the Soviet war machine. Like the Germans in the USSR, the Goths were feared to be sympathetic to the Nazis and therefore were persecuted heavily during World War II. While some Goths returned to the Black Sea after the war, many others had emigrated abroad to countries such as Brazil and Argentina.

== Orthography ==

Since the 1920s Mariupol Gothic has been written in a Cyrillic alphabet based off of the Ukrainian script. The Biblical Gothic alphabet is also used, but it has been mostly limited to the liturgy. However, the Biblical Gothic letter þiuþ <𐌸> was imported to represent the /θ/ sound, it takes a form identical to that of Cyrillic psi.

(This chart is to be updated later as a picture.)

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Cyrillic
! Biblical Gothic
! Romanization
! Phoneme
|-
| [[w:A (Cyrillic)|А а]] || 𐌰 || a || /ɐ/
|-
| [[w:Be (Cyrillic)|Б б]] || 𐌱 || b || /b/
|-
| [[w:Ve (Cyrillic)|В в]] || 𐌱 (but smaller) || v || /v/
|-
| [[w:Ge (Cyrillic)|Г г]] || 𐌲 || gh || /ɣ/
|-
| [[w:Ghe with upturn|Ґ ґ]] || 𐌲' || g || /g/
|-
| [[w:De (Cyrillic)|Д д]] || 𐌳 || d || /d/
|-
| [[w:Ye (Cyrillic)|Е e]] || 𐌴 || e || /e/
|-
| [[w:Ukrainian Ye|Є є]] || 𐌾𐌴 || je || /je/
|-
| [[w:e (Cyrillic)|Э э]] || 𐌴 (but backwards) || ə || /ə/
|-
| [[w:Ze (Cyrillic)|З з]] || 𐌶 || z || /z/
|-
| [[w:I (Cyrillic)|И и]] || 𐌹 || i || /i/
|-
| [[w:Ka (Cyrillic)|К к]] || 𐌺 || k || /k/
|-
| [[w:El (Cyrillic)|Л л]] || 𐌻 || l || /l/
|-
| [[w:Em (Cyrillic)|М м]] || 𐌼 || m || /m/
|-
| [[w:En (Cyrillic)|Н н]] || 𐌽 || n || /n/
|-
| [[w:O (Cyrillic)|О o]] || 𐍉 || o || /o/
|-
| [[w:Pe (Cyrillic)|П п]] || 𐍀 || p || /p/
|-
| [[w:Er (Cyrillic)|Р р]] || 𐍂 || r || /r/
|-
| [[w:Es (Cyrillic)|С с]] || 𐍃 || s || /s/
|-
| [[w:Te (Cyrillic)|Т т]] || 𐍄 || t || /t/
|-
| [[w:U (Cyrillic)|У у]] || 𐌿 || u || /u/
|-
| [[w:Ef (Cyrillic)|Ф ф]] || 𐍆 || f || /f/
|-
| [[w:Psi (Cyrillic)|Ѱ ѱ]] || 𐌸 || th || /θ/
|-
| [[w:Kha (Cyrillic)|Х х]] || 𐍇 || ch || /x/
|-
| [[w:Yu (Cyrillic)|Ү ү]] || 𐍅 || y || /y/
|-
| [[w:Sha (Cyrillic)|Ш ш]] || 𐌵 || sch || /ʃ/
|-
| [[w:Shcha|Щ щ]] || 𐍁 || scht || /ʃt/
|-
| [[w:Ya (Cyrillic)| Я я]] || 𐌾𐌰 || ja || /ja/
|}

== Phonology ==

=== Vowels ===

In comparison to most other Germanic languages, Mariupol Gothic has an incredibly small vowel inventory of just 7 vowels.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
!
! Front
! Central
! Back
|-
! High
| i
| y
| u
|-
! Mid
| e
| ə
| o
|-
! Low
!
| ɐ
!
|-
|}

Every vowel except /ə/ can be lengthened. These are usually unmarked, however, dictionaries and

Indefinite Article

Mariupol Gothic has no indefinite article. However, sometimes итэ is used

== Nouns ==

=== Strong Masculine Stems ===

{| class=wikitable style=text-align:center
|-
!
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Nominative
| дахс
| дагэс
|-
! Oblique
| дах
| дагэнс
|-
|}

=== Weak Masculine Stems ===

Mariupol Gothic weak masculine stems are inherited exclusively from Proto-Germanic an-stem masculine nouns. Example of a weak masculine stem noun, '''мӣнэ''' (moon):

{| class=wikitable style=text-align:center
|-
!
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Nominative
| мӣнэ
| мӣнэнс
|-
! Oblique
| мӣнэ
| мӣнэнс
|-
|}

=== Strong Feminine Stems ===

Mariupol Gothic strong feminine stems are made up of former Proto-Germanic ō-, ī- and jō-stem feminine nouns. Example of a strong feminine stem noun, '''раздэ''' (language):

{| class=wikitable style=text-align:center
|-
!
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Nominative
| раздэ
| раздэс
|-
! Oblique
| раздэ
| раздэс
|-
|}

=== Weak Feminine Stems ===

Mariupol Gothic weak feminine stems are made up of former Proto-Germanic ōn- and in-stem feminine nouns. Example of a weak feminine stem noun, '''тунгэ''' (tongue):

{| class=wikitable style=text-align:center
|-
!
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Nominative
| тунгэ
| тунгэнс
|-
! Oblique
| тунгэн
| тунгэнс
|-
|}

=== Strong Neuter Stems ===

Gothish strong neuter stems are made up of former Proto-Germanic a- and u-stem neuters. Example of a strong neuter stem noun, '''бро̄т''' (bread):

{| class=wikitable style=text-align:center
|-
!
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Nominative
| брōт
| брōдэ
|-
! Oblique
| брōт
| брōдэ
|-
|}

=== Weak Neuter Stems ===

Mariupol Gothic weak neuter stems are inherited exclusively from Proto-Germanic an-stem neuters. Example of a weak neuter stem noun, '''о̄гэ''' (eye):

{| class=wikitable style=text-align:center
|-
!
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Nominative
| ōгэ
| ōгэнэ
|-
! Oblique
| ōгэ
| ōгэнэ
|-
|}

== Adjectives ==

The adjectives have been greatly simplified since Proto-Germanic. They are divided into two different forms, strong and weak, and agree in case, number and gender with the noun they modify.

{| class=wikitable style=text-align:center
!colspan=7|Strong
!colspan=6|Weak
|-
!rowspan=2|
!colspan=2|Masculine
!colspan=2|Feminine
!colspan=2|Neuter
!colspan=2|Masculine
!colspan=2|Feminine
!colspan=2|Neuter
|-
!SG
!PL
!SG
!PL
!SG
!PL
!SG
!PL
!SG
!PL
!SG
!PL
|-
!NOM
| -с || rowspan=2 | -э || rowspan=2 | -э || rowspan=2 | -эс || rowspan=2 | -этэ - || rowspan=2 | -э || rowspan=2 | -э || rowspan=2 | -энс || -э || rowspan=2 | -энс || rowspan=2 | -э || rowspan=2 | -энэ
|-
!OBL
| - || -эн
|}

== Verbs ==

Verbs are usually cited in four parts: the infinitive, the
Typically, the preterite

All verbs regardless of class share an infinitive ending in -эн.

The passive voice is formed with the past participle and the word геэн ''geen'' "to go."

== Class II ==

{| class=wikitable style=text-align:center
!rowspan=2|
!colspan=2|Present
!colspan=2|Preterite
|-
!SG
!PL
!SG
!PL
|-
!1st
| бюдэ || бюдэмс || бōт || будэм
|-
!2nd
| бюдэс || бюдэт || бōст || будэт
|-
!3rd
| бюдэт || бюдэн || бōт || будэн
|-
!rowspan=2|
!INF
!IMP
!PART.PRS
!PART.PST
|-
|| бюдэн || бют || бюдэнс || бодэнс
|}

Use of jegen (auxiliary verb):

'''ик єх ѱе коп ак ѱе кат.''' 
''Ik jech þe kop ak þe kat.'' 
"I have the cup and the cat."

Mariupol Gothic

2025-03-02T05:37:41Z

Aelfwine: /* Class II */

Mariupol Gothic is a Germanic language spoken by approximately 15,000 people on the northern coast of the Sea of Azov. It is an East Germanic language, closely related to Biblical Gothic, however the language is not a lineal descendant of Biblical Gothic. Nonetheless the speakers of Mariupol Gothic refer to themselves as "Goths" and their language still shares enough similarities with Gothic to be considered related. The language is critically endangered, with only a handful of native speakers remaining, with most acquiring the language as an L2.

== History ==

The history of the Goths in Ukraine begins with the Ostrogothic settlement of the Black Sea in the 4th century. Along with the Greeks, Alans, Bulgars and others, they made up part of the population in Crimea that followed Orthodox Christianity and were incorporated into the Byzantine Empire as the Principality of Theodoro. After the secession of the principality in the 13th century, Theodoro was overrun by the Mongols and became a vassal of the Golden Horde. The principality enjoyed a period of peace until the Ottoman Empire annexed its capital city of Mangup in 1475.

The Goths managed to maintain their culture and language throughout Ottoman occupation, however a great number of them converted to Islam and assimilated into the Crimean Tatars. During her reign, Catharine the Great invited the Christian Crimean Goths to settle recently conquered lands north of the Sea of Azov. There they were given a special protective status within the Russian Empire and were exempt from the draft.

During World War II many Goths were expelled to various oblasts in Siberia to work as slave labour for the Soviet war machine. Like the Germans in the USSR, the Goths were feared to be sympathetic to the Nazis and therefore were persecuted heavily during World War II. While some Goths returned to the Black Sea after the war, many others had emigrated abroad to countries such as Brazil and Argentina.

== Orthography ==

Since the 1920s Mariupol Gothic has been written in a Cyrillic alphabet based off of the Ukrainian script. The Biblical Gothic alphabet is also used, but it has been mostly limited to the liturgy. However, the Biblical Gothic letter þiuþ <𐌸> was imported to represent the /θ/ sound, it takes a form identical to that of Cyrillic psi.

(This chart is to be updated later as a picture.)

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Cyrillic
! Biblical Gothic
! Romanization
! Phoneme
|-
| [[w:A (Cyrillic)|А а]] || 𐌰 || a || /ɐ/
|-
| [[w:Be (Cyrillic)|Б б]] || 𐌱 || b || /b/
|-
| [[w:Ve (Cyrillic)|В в]] || 𐌱 (but smaller) || v || /v/
|-
| [[w:Ge (Cyrillic)|Г г]] || 𐌲 || gh || /ɣ/
|-
| [[w:Ghe with upturn|Ґ ґ]] || 𐌲' || g || /g/
|-
| [[w:De (Cyrillic)|Д д]] || 𐌳 || d || /d/
|-
| [[w:Ye (Cyrillic)|Е e]] || 𐌴 || e || /e/
|-
| [[w:Ukrainian Ye|Є є]] || 𐌾𐌴 || je || /je/
|-
| [[w:e (Cyrillic)|Э э]] || 𐌴 (but backwards) || ə || /ə/
|-
| [[w:Ze (Cyrillic)|З з]] || 𐌶 || z || /z/
|-
| [[w:I (Cyrillic)|И и]] || 𐌹 || i || /i/
|-
| [[w:Ka (Cyrillic)|К к]] || 𐌺 || k || /k/
|-
| [[w:El (Cyrillic)|Л л]] || 𐌻 || l || /l/
|-
| [[w:Em (Cyrillic)|М м]] || 𐌼 || m || /m/
|-
| [[w:En (Cyrillic)|Н н]] || 𐌽 || n || /n/
|-
| [[w:O (Cyrillic)|О o]] || 𐍉 || o || /o/
|-
| [[w:Pe (Cyrillic)|П п]] || 𐍀 || p || /p/
|-
| [[w:Er (Cyrillic)|Р р]] || 𐍂 || r || /r/
|-
| [[w:Es (Cyrillic)|С с]] || 𐍃 || s || /s/
|-
| [[w:Te (Cyrillic)|Т т]] || 𐍄 || t || /t/
|-
| [[w:U (Cyrillic)|У у]] || 𐌿 || u || /u/
|-
| [[w:Ef (Cyrillic)|Ф ф]] || 𐍆 || f || /f/
|-
| [[w:Psi (Cyrillic)|Ѱ ѱ]] || 𐌸 || th || /θ/
|-
| [[w:Kha (Cyrillic)|Х х]] || 𐍇 || ch || /x/
|-
| [[w:Yu (Cyrillic)|Ү ү]] || 𐍅 || y || /y/
|-
| [[w:Sha (Cyrillic)|Ш ш]] || 𐌵 || sch || /ʃ/
|-
| [[w:Shcha|Щ щ]] || 𐍁 || scht || /ʃt/
|-
| [[w:Ya (Cyrillic)| Я я]] || 𐌾𐌰 || ja || /ja/
|}

== Phonology ==

=== Vowels ===

In comparison to most other Germanic languages, Mariupol Gothic has an incredibly small vowel inventory of just 7 vowels.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
!
! Front
! Central
! Back
|-
! High
| i
| y
| u
|-
! Mid
| e
| ə
| o
|-
! Low
!
| ɐ
!
|-
|}

Every vowel except /ə/ can be lengthened. These are usually unmarked, however, dictionaries and

Definite Article

The postponed definite article

NOM: -а -е -о -ос -ат -о
OBL: -анэ -анс -о -ос -ат -о

Indefinite Article

Mariupol Gothic has no indefinite article. However, sometimes итэ is used

== Nouns ==

=== Strong Masculine Stems ===

{| class=wikitable style=text-align:center
|-
!
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Nominative
| дахс
| дагэс
|-
! Oblique
| дах
| дагэнс
|-
|}

=== Weak Masculine Stems ===

Mariupol Gothic weak masculine stems are inherited exclusively from Proto-Germanic an-stem masculine nouns. Example of a weak masculine stem noun, '''мӣнэ''' (moon):

{| class=wikitable style=text-align:center
|-
!
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Nominative
| минэ
| минэнс
|-
! Oblique
| минэ
| минэнс
|-
|}

=== Strong Feminine Stems ===

Mariupol Gothic strong feminine stems are made up of former Proto-Germanic ō-, ī- and jō-stem feminine nouns. Example of a strong feminine stem noun, '''раздэ''' (language):

{| class=wikitable style=text-align:center
|-
!
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Nominative
| раздэ
| раздэс
|-
! Oblique
| раздэ
| раздэс
|-
|}

=== Weak Feminine Stems ===

Mariupol Gothic weak feminine stems are made up of former Proto-Germanic ōn- and in-stem feminine nouns. Example of a weak feminine stem noun, '''тунгэ''' (tongue):

{| class=wikitable style=text-align:center
|-
!
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Nominative
| тунгэ
| тунгэнс
|-
! Oblique
| тунгэн
| тунгэнс
|-
|}

=== Strong Neuter Stems ===

Gothish strong neuter stems are made up of former Proto-Germanic a- and u-stem neuters. Example of a strong neuter stem noun, '''бро̄т''' (bread):

{| class=wikitable style=text-align:center
|-
!
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Nominative
| брот
| бродэ
|-
! Oblique
| брот
| бродэ
|-
|}

=== Weak Neuter Stems ===

Mariupol Gothic weak neuter stems are inherited exclusively from Proto-Germanic an-stem neuters. Example of a weak neuter stem noun, '''о̄гэ''' (eye):

{| class=wikitable style=text-align:center
|-
!
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Nominative
| огэ
| огэнэ
|-
! Oblique
| огэ
| огэнэ
|-
|}

== Adjectives ==

The adjectives have been greatly simplified since Proto-Germanic. They are divided into two different forms, strong and weak, and agree in case, number and gender with the noun they modify.

{| class=wikitable style=text-align:center
!colspan=7|Strong
!colspan=6|Weak
|-
!rowspan=2|
!colspan=2|Masculine
!colspan=2|Feminine
!colspan=2|Neuter
!colspan=2|Masculine
!colspan=2|Feminine
!colspan=2|Neuter
|-
!SG
!PL
!SG
!PL
!SG
!PL
!SG
!PL
!SG
!PL
!SG
!PL
|-
!NOM
| -с || rowspan=2 | -э || rowspan=2 | -э || rowspan=2 | -эс || rowspan=2 | -этэ - || rowspan=2 | -э || rowspan=2 | -э || rowspan=2 | -энс || -э || rowspan=2 | -энс || rowspan=2 | -э || rowspan=2 | -энэ
|-
!OBL
| - || -эн
|}

== Verbs ==

Verbs are usually cited in four parts: the infinitive, the
Typically, the preterite

All verbs regardless of class share an infinitive ending in -эн.

The passive voice is formed with the past participle and the word геэн ''geen'' "to go."

== Class II ==

{| class=wikitable style=text-align:center
!rowspan=2|
!colspan=2|Present
!colspan=2|Preterite
|-
!SG
!PL
!SG
!PL
|-
!1st
| бюдэ || бюдэмс || бот || будэм
|-
!2nd
| бюдэс || бюдэт || бост || будэт
|-
!3rd
| бюдэт || бюдэн || бот || будэн
|-
!rowspan=2|
!INF
!IMP
!PART.PRS
!PART.PST
|-
|| бюдэн || бют || бюдэнс || бодэнс
|}

Use of jegen (auxiliary verb):

'''ик єх ѱе коп ак ѱе кат.''' 
''Ik jech þe kop ak þe kat.'' 
"I have the cup and the cat."

Mariupol Gothic

2025-03-02T05:05:03Z

Aelfwine:

Mariupol Gothic is a Germanic language spoken by approximately 15,000 people on the northern coast of the Sea of Azov. It is an East Germanic language, closely related to Biblical Gothic, however the language is not a lineal descendant of Biblical Gothic. Nonetheless the speakers of Mariupol Gothic refer to themselves as "Goths" and their language still shares enough similarities with Gothic to be considered related. The language is critically endangered, with only a handful of native speakers remaining, with most acquiring the language as an L2.

== History ==

The history of the Goths in Ukraine begins with the Ostrogothic settlement of the Black Sea in the 4th century. Along with the Greeks, Alans, Bulgars and others, they made up part of the population in Crimea that followed Orthodox Christianity and were incorporated into the Byzantine Empire as the Principality of Theodoro. After the secession of the principality in the 13th century, Theodoro was overrun by the Mongols and became a vassal of the Golden Horde. The principality enjoyed a period of peace until the Ottoman Empire annexed its capital city of Mangup in 1475.

The Goths managed to maintain their culture and language throughout Ottoman occupation, however a great number of them converted to Islam and assimilated into the Crimean Tatars. During her reign, Catharine the Great invited the Christian Crimean Goths to settle recently conquered lands north of the Sea of Azov. There they were given a special protective status within the Russian Empire and were exempt from the draft.

During World War II many Goths were expelled to various oblasts in Siberia to work as slave labour for the Soviet war machine. Like the Germans in the USSR, the Goths were feared to be sympathetic to the Nazis and therefore were persecuted heavily during World War II. While some Goths returned to the Black Sea after the war, many others had emigrated abroad to countries such as Brazil and Argentina.

== Orthography ==

Since the 1920s Mariupol Gothic has been written in a Cyrillic alphabet based off of the Ukrainian script. The Biblical Gothic alphabet is also used, but it has been mostly limited to the liturgy. However, the Biblical Gothic letter þiuþ <𐌸> was imported to represent the /θ/ sound, it takes a form identical to that of Cyrillic psi.

(This chart is to be updated later as a picture.)

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Cyrillic
! Biblical Gothic
! Romanization
! Phoneme
|-
| [[w:A (Cyrillic)|А а]] || 𐌰 || a || /ɐ/
|-
| [[w:Be (Cyrillic)|Б б]] || 𐌱 || b || /b/
|-
| [[w:Ve (Cyrillic)|В в]] || 𐌱 (but smaller) || v || /v/
|-
| [[w:Ge (Cyrillic)|Г г]] || 𐌲 || gh || /ɣ/
|-
| [[w:Ghe with upturn|Ґ ґ]] || 𐌲' || g || /g/
|-
| [[w:De (Cyrillic)|Д д]] || 𐌳 || d || /d/
|-
| [[w:Ye (Cyrillic)|Е e]] || 𐌴 || e || /e/
|-
| [[w:Ukrainian Ye|Є є]] || 𐌾𐌴 || je || /je/
|-
| [[w:e (Cyrillic)|Э э]] || 𐌴 (but backwards) || ə || /ə/
|-
| [[w:Ze (Cyrillic)|З з]] || 𐌶 || z || /z/
|-
| [[w:I (Cyrillic)|И и]] || 𐌹 || i || /i/
|-
| [[w:Ka (Cyrillic)|К к]] || 𐌺 || k || /k/
|-
| [[w:El (Cyrillic)|Л л]] || 𐌻 || l || /l/
|-
| [[w:Em (Cyrillic)|М м]] || 𐌼 || m || /m/
|-
| [[w:En (Cyrillic)|Н н]] || 𐌽 || n || /n/
|-
| [[w:O (Cyrillic)|О o]] || 𐍉 || o || /o/
|-
| [[w:Pe (Cyrillic)|П п]] || 𐍀 || p || /p/
|-
| [[w:Er (Cyrillic)|Р р]] || 𐍂 || r || /r/
|-
| [[w:Es (Cyrillic)|С с]] || 𐍃 || s || /s/
|-
| [[w:Te (Cyrillic)|Т т]] || 𐍄 || t || /t/
|-
| [[w:U (Cyrillic)|У у]] || 𐌿 || u || /u/
|-
| [[w:Ef (Cyrillic)|Ф ф]] || 𐍆 || f || /f/
|-
| [[w:Psi (Cyrillic)|Ѱ ѱ]] || 𐌸 || th || /θ/
|-
| [[w:Kha (Cyrillic)|Х х]] || 𐍇 || ch || /x/
|-
| [[w:Yu (Cyrillic)|Ү ү]] || 𐍅 || y || /y/
|-
| [[w:Sha (Cyrillic)|Ш ш]] || 𐌵 || sch || /ʃ/
|-
| [[w:Shcha|Щ щ]] || 𐍁 || scht || /ʃt/
|-
| [[w:Ya (Cyrillic)| Я я]] || 𐌾𐌰 || ja || /ja/
|}

== Phonology ==

=== Vowels ===

In comparison to most other Germanic languages, Mariupol Gothic has an incredibly small vowel inventory of just 7 vowels.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
!
! Front
! Central
! Back
|-
! High
| i
| y
| u
|-
! Mid
| e
| ə
| o
|-
! Low
!
| ɐ
!
|-
|}

Every vowel except /ə/ can be lengthened. These are usually unmarked, however, dictionaries and

Definite Article

The postponed definite article

NOM: -а -е -о -ос -ат -о
OBL: -анэ -анс -о -ос -ат -о

Indefinite Article

Mariupol Gothic has no indefinite article. However, sometimes итэ is used

== Nouns ==

=== Strong Masculine Stems ===

{| class=wikitable style=text-align:center
|-
!
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Nominative
| дахс
| дагэс
|-
! Oblique
| дах
| дагэнс
|-
|}

=== Weak Masculine Stems ===

Mariupol Gothic weak masculine stems are inherited exclusively from Proto-Germanic an-stem masculine nouns. Example of a weak masculine stem noun, '''мӣнэ''' (moon):

{| class=wikitable style=text-align:center
|-
!
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Nominative
| минэ
| минэнс
|-
! Oblique
| минэ
| минэнс
|-
|}

=== Strong Feminine Stems ===

Mariupol Gothic strong feminine stems are made up of former Proto-Germanic ō-, ī- and jō-stem feminine nouns. Example of a strong feminine stem noun, '''раздэ''' (language):

{| class=wikitable style=text-align:center
|-
!
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Nominative
| раздэ
| раздэс
|-
! Oblique
| раздэ
| раздэс
|-
|}

=== Weak Feminine Stems ===

Mariupol Gothic weak feminine stems are made up of former Proto-Germanic ōn- and in-stem feminine nouns. Example of a weak feminine stem noun, '''тунгэ''' (tongue):

{| class=wikitable style=text-align:center
|-
!
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Nominative
| тунгэ
| тунгэнс
|-
! Oblique
| тунгэн
| тунгэнс
|-
|}

=== Strong Neuter Stems ===

Gothish strong neuter stems are made up of former Proto-Germanic a- and u-stem neuters. Example of a strong neuter stem noun, '''бро̄т''' (bread):

{| class=wikitable style=text-align:center
|-
!
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Nominative
| брот
| бродэ
|-
! Oblique
| брот
| бродэ
|-
|}

=== Weak Neuter Stems ===

Mariupol Gothic weak neuter stems are inherited exclusively from Proto-Germanic an-stem neuters. Example of a weak neuter stem noun, '''о̄гэ''' (eye):

{| class=wikitable style=text-align:center
|-
!
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Nominative
| огэ
| огэнэ
|-
! Oblique
| огэ
| огэнэ
|-
|}

== Adjectives ==

The adjectives have been greatly simplified since Proto-Germanic. They are divided into two different forms, strong and weak, and agree in case, number and gender with the noun they modify.

{| class=wikitable style=text-align:center
!colspan=7|Strong
!colspan=6|Weak
|-
!rowspan=2|
!colspan=2|Masculine
!colspan=2|Feminine
!colspan=2|Neuter
!colspan=2|Masculine
!colspan=2|Feminine
!colspan=2|Neuter
|-
!SG
!PL
!SG
!PL
!SG
!PL
!SG
!PL
!SG
!PL
!SG
!PL
|-
!NOM
| -с || rowspan=2 | -э || rowspan=2 | -э || rowspan=2 | -эс || rowspan=2 | -этэ - || rowspan=2 | -э || rowspan=2 | -э || rowspan=2 | -энс || -э || rowspan=2 | -энс || rowspan=2 | -э || rowspan=2 | -энэ
|-
!OBL
| - || -эн
|}

== Verbs ==

Verbs are usually cited in four parts: the infinitive, the
Typically, the preterite

All verbs regardless of class share an infinitive ending in -эн.

The passive voice is formed with the past participle and the word геэн ''geen'' "to go."

== Class II ==

{| class=wikitable style=text-align:center
!rowspan=2|
!colspan=2|Present
!colspan=2|Preterite
|-
!SG
!PL
!SG
!PL
|-
!1st
| бюдэ || бюдэмс || бот || будэм
|-
!2nd
| бюдэс || бюдэт || бост || будэт
|-
!3rd
| бюдэт || бюдэн || бот || будэн
|-
!rowspan=2|
!INF
!IMP
!PART.PRS
!PART.PST
|-
|| бюдэн || бют || бюдэнс || бодэнс
|}

Use of jegen (auxiliary verb):

'''ик єх де коп ак де кат.''' 
''Ik jech de kop ak de kat.'' 
"I have the cup and the cat."

Mariupol Gothic

2025-03-02T03:17:25Z

Aelfwine: /* Verbs */

Mariupol Gothic is a Germanic language spoken by approximately 15,000 people on the northern coast of the Sea of Azov. It is an East Germanic language, closely related to Biblical Gothic, however the language is not a lineal descendant of Biblical Gothic. Nonetheless the speakers of Mariupol Gothic refer to themselves as "Goths" and their language still shares enough similarities with Gothic to be considered related. The language is critically endangered, with only a handful of native speakers remaining, with most acquiring the language as an L2.

== History ==

The history of the Goths in Ukraine begins with the Ostrogothic settlement of the Black Sea in the 4th century. Along with the Greeks, Alans, Bulgars and others, they made up part of the population in Crimea that followed Orthodox Christianity and were incorporated into the Byzantine Empire as the Principality of Theodoro. After the secession of the principality in the 13th century, Theodoro was overrun by the Mongols and became a vassal of the Golden Horde. The principality enjoyed a period of peace until the Ottoman Empire annexed its capital city of Mangup in 1475.

The Goths managed to maintain their culture and language throughout Ottoman occupation, however a great number of them converted to Islam and assimilated into the Crimean Tatars. During her reign, Catharine the Great invited the Christian Crimean Goths to settle recently conquered lands north of the Sea of Azov. There they were given a special protective status within the Russian Empire and were exempt from the draft.

During World War II many Goths were expelled to various oblasts in Siberia to work as slave labour for the Soviet war machine. Like the Germans in the USSR, the Goths were feared to be sympathetic to the Nazis and therefore were persecuted heavily during World War II. While some Goths returned to the Black Sea after the war, many others had emigrated abroad to countries such as Brazil and Argentina.

== Orthography ==

Since the 1920s Mariupol Gothic has been written in a Cyrillic alphabet based off of the Ukrainian script. The Biblical Gothic alphabet is also used, but it has been mostly limited to the liturgy. However, the Biblical Gothic letter þiuþ <𐌸> was imported to represent the /θ/ sound, it takes a form identical to that of Cyrillic psi.

(This chart is to be updated later as a picture.)

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Cyrillic
! Biblical Gothic
! Romanization
! Phoneme
|-
| [[w:A (Cyrillic)|А а]] || 𐌰 || a || /ɐ/
|-
| [[w:Be (Cyrillic)|Б б]] || 𐌱 || b || /b/
|-
| [[w:Ve (Cyrillic)|В в]] || 𐌱 (but smaller) || v || /v/
|-
| [[w:Ge (Cyrillic)|Г г]] || 𐌲 || gh || /ɣ/
|-
| [[w:Ghe with upturn|Ґ ґ]] || 𐌲' || g || /g/
|-
| [[w:De (Cyrillic)|Д д]] || 𐌳 || d || /d/
|-
| [[w:Ye (Cyrillic)|Е e]] || 𐌴 || e || /e/
|-
| [[w:Ukrainian Ye|Є є]] || 𐌾𐌴 || je || /je/
|-
| [[w:e (Cyrillic)|Э э]] || 𐌴 (but backwards) || ə || /ə/
|-
| [[w:Ze (Cyrillic)|З з]] || 𐌶 || z || /z/
|-
| [[w:I (Cyrillic)|И и]] || 𐌹 || i || /i/
|-
| [[w:Ka (Cyrillic)|К к]] || 𐌺 || k || /k/
|-
| [[w:El (Cyrillic)|Л л]] || 𐌻 || l || /l/
|-
| [[w:Em (Cyrillic)|М м]] || 𐌼 || m || /m/
|-
| [[w:En (Cyrillic)|Н н]] || 𐌽 || n || /n/
|-
| [[w:O (Cyrillic)|О o]] || 𐍉 || o || /o/
|-
| [[w:Pe (Cyrillic)|П п]] || 𐍀 || p || /p/
|-
| [[w:Er (Cyrillic)|Р р]] || 𐍂 || r || /r/
|-
| [[w:Es (Cyrillic)|С с]] || 𐍃 || s || /s/
|-
| [[w:Te (Cyrillic)|Т т]] || 𐍄 || t || /t/
|-
| [[w:U (Cyrillic)|У у]] || 𐌿 || u || /u/
|-
| [[w:Ef (Cyrillic)|Ф ф]] || 𐍆 || f || /f/
|-
| [[w:Psi (Cyrillic)|Ѱ ѱ]] || 𐌸 || th || /θ/
|-
| [[w:Kha (Cyrillic)|Х х]] || 𐍇 || ch || /x/
|-
| [[w:Yu (Cyrillic)|Ү ү]] || 𐍅 || y || /y/
|-
| [[w:Sha (Cyrillic)|Ш ш]] || 𐌵 || sch || /ʃ/
|-
| [[w:Shcha|Щ щ]] || 𐍁 || scht || /ʃt/
|-
| [[w:Ya (Cyrillic)| Я я]] || 𐌾𐌰 || ja || /ja/
|}

== Phonology ==

=== Vowels ===

In comparison to most other Germanic languages, Mariupol Gothic has an incredibly small vowel inventory of just 7 vowels.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
!
! Front
! Central
! Back
|-
! High
| i
| y
| u
|-
! Mid
| e
| ə
| o
|-
! Low
!
| ɐ
!
|-
|}

Every vowel except /ə/ can be lengthened. These are usually unmarked, however, dictionaries and

Definite Article

The postponed definite article

NOM: -а -е -о -ос -ат -о
OBL: -анэ -анс -о -ос -ат -о

Indefinite Article

Mariupol Gothic has no indefinite article. However, sometimes итэ is used

== Nouns ==

=== Strong Masculine Stems ===

{| class=wikitable style=text-align:center
|-
!
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Nominative
| дахс
| дагэс
|-
! Oblique
| дах
| дагэнс
|-
|}

=== Weak Masculine Stems ===

Mariupol Gothic weak masculine stems are inherited exclusively from Proto-Germanic an-stem masculine nouns. Example of a weak masculine stem noun, '''мӣнэ''' (moon):

{| class=wikitable style=text-align:center
|-
!
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Nominative
| минэ
| минэнс
|-
! Oblique
| минэ
| минэнс
|-
|}

=== Strong Feminine Stems ===

Mariupol Gothic strong feminine stems are made up of former Proto-Germanic ō-, ī- and jō-stem feminine nouns. Example of a strong feminine stem noun, '''раздэ''' (language):

{| class=wikitable style=text-align:center
|-
!
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Nominative
| раздэ
| раздэс
|-
! Oblique
| раздэ
| раздэс
|-
|}

=== Weak Feminine Stems ===

Mariupol Gothic weak feminine stems are made up of former Proto-Germanic ōn- and in-stem feminine nouns. Example of a weak feminine stem noun, '''тунгэ''' (tongue):

{| class=wikitable style=text-align:center
|-
!
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Nominative
| тунгэ
| тунгэнс
|-
! Oblique
| тунгэн
| тунгэнс
|-
|}

=== Strong Neuter Stems ===

Gothish strong neuter stems are made up of former Proto-Germanic a- and u-stem neuters. Example of a strong neuter stem noun, '''бро̄т''' (bread):

{| class=wikitable style=text-align:center
|-
!
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Nominative
| брот
| бродэ
|-
! Oblique
| брот
| бродэ
|-
|}

=== Weak Neuter Stems ===

Mariupol Gothic weak neuter stems are inherited exclusively from Proto-Germanic an-stem neuters. Example of a weak neuter stem noun, '''о̄гэ''' (eye):

{| class=wikitable style=text-align:center
|-
!
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Nominative
| огэ
| огэнэ
|-
! Oblique
| огэ
| огэнэ
|-
|}

== Adjectives ==

The adjectives have been greatly simplified since Proto-Germanic. They are divided into two different forms, strong and weak, and agree in case, number and gender with the noun they modify.

{| class=wikitable style=text-align:center
!colspan=7|Strong
!colspan=6|Weak
|-
!rowspan=2|
!colspan=2|Masculine
!colspan=2|Feminine
!colspan=2|Neuter
!colspan=2|Masculine
!colspan=2|Feminine
!colspan=2|Neuter
|-
!SG
!PL
!SG
!PL
!SG
!PL
!SG
!PL
!SG
!PL
!SG
!PL
|-
!NOM
| -с || rowspan=2 | -э || rowspan=2 | -э || rowspan=2 | -эс || rowspan=2 | -этэ - || rowspan=2 | -э || rowspan=2 | -э || rowspan=2 | -энс || -э || rowspan=2 | -энс || rowspan=2 | -э || rowspan=2 | -энэ
|-
!OBL
| - || -эн
|}

== Verbs ==

Verbs are usually cited in four parts: the infinitive, the
Typically, the preterite

All verbs regardless of class share an infinitive ending in -эн

== Class II ==

{| class=wikitable style=text-align:center
!rowspan=2|
!colspan=2|Present
!colspan=2|Preterite
|-
!SG
!PL
!SG
!PL
|-
!1st
| бюдэ || бюдэмс || бот || будэм
|-
!2nd
| бюдэс || бюдэт || бост || будэт
|-
!3rd
| бюдэт || бюдэн || бот || будэн
|-
!rowspan=2|
!INF
!IMP
!PART.PRS
!PART.PST
|-
|| бюдэн || бют || бюдэнс || бодэнс
|}

The passive voice is formed with the past participle and the word геэн ''geen'' "to go."

Use of jegen (auxiliary verb):

'''ик єх де коп ак де кат.''' 
''Ik jech de kop ak de kat.'' 
"I have the cup and the cat."