Linguifex - User contributions [en]

User:Aquatiki/Sandbox

2026-03-05T22:57:56Z

Aquatiki:

# ℕ – Natural Numbers – 1,2,3,…
#: Numbers used for counting discrete objects. Equality is determined by direct inspection.
# 𝕎 – Whole Numbers – 0,1,2,3,…
#: Adds zero, the additive identity. Useful when “none” must be distinguished from “does not exist”.
# ℤ – Integers (German ''Zahlen'') – …,−3,−2,−1,0,1,2,3,…
#: Numbers closed under subtraction. Every number has an additive inverse. Often interpreted as magnitude with direction.
# ℚ – Rational Numbers (quotients)
#: Numbers of the form <math>\frac{a}{b}</math> with <math>a,b\in\mathbb{Z}</math> and <math>b\neq0</math>.
#: Equality has a finite certificate: <math>\frac{a}{b}=\frac{c}{d} \iff ad=bc</math>.
#: Most quantities in the world cannot actually be divided into arbitrary rational parts.
#: <hr>
# 𝕂 – Constructible Numbers (German ''Konstruierbare'')
#: Lengths constructible with compass and straightedge. Equivalent to starting from 0 and 1 and allowing <math>+,-,\times,\div</math> and square roots.
#: They cannot be exhaustively exhibited as decimals or directly compared.
# 𝕆 – Origami Numbers
#: Lengths constructible with origami folds or neusis (marked ruler). Equivalent to extending the constructible toolkit to include cube roots.
#: <hr>
# 𝕊 – Shifting Root Numbers
#: Numbers whose digits can be generated sequentially by classical digit-extraction root algorithms. Each digit is determined exactly and never later revised.
# ℙ – Polynomial Numbers
#: Roots of finite polynomials <math>a_nx^n+\dots+a_1x+a_0=0</math>.
#: They can be approximated to arbitrary precision by iterative methods such as Newton’s method. Earlier digits may occasionally require revision during computation.
# 𝔾 – Geometric Numbers
#: Numbers arising from geometric quantities that are visually meaningful but difficult to access numerically. Examples include <math>\pi</math>, <math>\ln 2</math>, and <math>\sin(1)</math>.
#: The new additions at this stage are transcendental.
# Σ – Series-defined Numbers
#: Numbers defined by infinite sums <math>\sum_{n=0}^{\infty} a_n</math>.
#: Stopping after finitely many terms yields a predictable approximation.
# 𝕃 – Limit-defined Numbers
#: Numbers defined as limits of sequences <math>\lim_{n\to\infty} a_n</math>.
#: Each stage recomputes the value from a finite rule.
# 𝔸 – Arbitrary Algorithmic Numbers
#: Numbers defined by any explicit algorithm generating digits or approximations, even if they have no particular geometric or analytic meaning.
# 𝕌 – Uncomputable Numbers
#: Quantities that can be defined logically but whose digits cannot be generated by any algorithm.
#: <hr>
# 𝔇 – Divergent Numbers
#: Values assigned to divergent series by summation methods such as Cesàro, Abel, Hölder, or Borel.
#: Example: <math>1-1+1-1+\dots =_{\text{Cesàro}} \tfrac12</math>.
# ζ – Zeta Numbers
#: Values assigned to divergent sums using analytic continuation, especially through the Riemann zeta function.
#: Example: <math>1+2+3+4+\dots =_{\zeta} -\tfrac{1}{12}</math>.
#: Ramanujan is the most famous advocate of this interpretation.

* ℕ–ℚ exhibitable
* 𝕂–𝕆 geometric
* 𝕊–𝕃 algorithmic approximation
* 𝔸–𝕌 algorithm / logic
* 𝔇–ζ regularization

単亜語/常用

2026-01-24T19:04:09Z

Aquatiki: advanced removed

'''''This page is about '''''Japanese''''' meanings of kanji!!!!!'''''

Kanji with multiple meanings may appear more than once.

* [[単亜語/常用/2]]
* [[単亜語/常用/3]]
* [[単亜語/常用/4]]
* [[単亜語/常用/5]]
* [[単亜語/常用/6]]
* [[単亜語/常用/日本人名用漢字]]
* [[単亜語/常用/表外字]]

== Physical properties and attributes ==

=== Colours ===
色 Colours; 白 white; 赤 red; 紅 crimson; 青 blue; 黄 yellow; 緑 green; 金 gold; 銀 silver; 紫 violet; 紺 dark blue; 朱 vermilion; 褐 brown; 藍 indigo; 彩 brightly coloured;

=== Shape, size, pattern, arrangement ===
形 shape; 体 form; 姿 figure; 模 pattern; 柄 design, pattern; 円 circle; 丸 circular; 曲 curve; 弧 arc; 環 ring, surround; 輪 ring; 凹 concave; 凸 convex; 角 angle; 斜 diagonal; 球 sphere; 圏 sphere; 玉 ball; 線 line; 列 row, line; 並 line up; 大 large; 巨 huge; 小 small; 微 minute; 狭 narrow; 端 edge or border; 縁 edge; 周 perimeter; 境 boundary; 枠 frame, border; 端 end, tip; 側 side; 隅 corner; 高 tall; 長 long; 短 short; 広 wide; 幅 width

=== Miscellaneous ===
硬 hard; 軟 soft; 重 heavy; 軽 light (weight); 固 solid, firm; 液 liquid; 強 strong; 弱 weak; 厚 thick; 濃 thick, concentrated; 薄 dilute, thin; 細 slender; 緻 fine, delicate; 微 delicate; 鋭 sharp; 太 fat, thick; 深 deep; 浅 shallow; 暑 hot; 熱 hot; 温 warm; 暖 warm; 冷 cold; 寒 cold; 干 dry; 乾 dry; 湿 damp; 潤 moist; 浄 clean; 汚 dirty; 粘 sticky; 艶 glossy

== Directions and spatial relationships ==
北 north; 南; south; 東 east; 西 west; 左 left; 右 right; 下 down; 上 up; 前 front; 後 back; 裏 rear, back; 底 bottom; 外 outside; 中 inside/middle; 内 inside; 央 centre; 奥 interior; 間 between; 入 direction in; 出 direction out; 方 direction; 近 near; 遠 distant; 向 toward

=== Movement ===
来 come; 行 go; 旅 travel; 往 go, depart; 帰 return; 参 go (esp. visit); 落 fall, drop; 赴 go to; 越 go beyond, exceed; 倒 fall over; 墜 fall down, crash; 揚 raise, elevate

== Numbers, counting, sequence==
数 number; 零 zero; 一 1; 二 2; 三 3; 四 4; 五 5; 六 6; 七 7; 八 8; 九 9; 十 10; 百 100; 千 1,000; 万 10,000; 億 100,000,000; 兆 1,000,000,000,000; 第 ordinal marker; 初 first; 乙 second (ordinal); 丙 third (ordinal); 桁 digit; 双 pair; 多 many; 少 few; 半 half; 両 both; 各 each; 毎 every; 次 next; 翌 the following; 番 numerical order; 順 sequence; 序 sequence

===Counters===
個 general counter; 台 counter for machines and vehicles; 枚 counter for flat things; 本 counter for cylindrical things; 隻 counter for ships; 冊 counter for books; 匹 counter for animals; 頭 counter for large animals; 箇 counter for articles; 足 counter for pairs of footwear; 札 counter for bonds, tickets; 杯 counter for cupfuls; 軒 counter for houses; 戸 counter for houses; 輪 counter for wheels and flowers; 畳 counter for tatami mats; 斤 counter for loaves of bread; 丁 miscellaneous counter

===Handling amounts===
算 calculation; 倍 times, double; 増 increase, add; 殖 increase; 耗 decrease, consume; 減 dwindle, decrease; 縮 shrink, contract; 加 add to; 除 division; 分 divide; 剖 split in two

===Units===

; Units of length : 尺 Japanese foot (around 30 cm); 寸 1/10 Japanese foot (around 3 cm); 厘 (around 0.3 mm); 里 league (around 3.9 km)

; Units of area : 坪 two-mat area (around 3.3 m²); 畝 30 tsubo (around 100 m²)

; Units of volume : 勺 ladle (around 18 ml); 升 (around 1.8 l); 斗 (around 18 l); 石 (around 180 l)

; Units of weight : 匁 (around 3.75 grams); 斤 (around 600 g)

== Time ==
日 day; 週 week; 月 month; 年 year; 曜 day of week; 暦 calendar; 朝 morning; 午 noon; 昼 daytime; 夕 evening; 晩 evening; 宵 early evening; 夜 night; 暁 sunrise; 旭 rising sun; 旦 sunrise; 暮 sunset; 時 time, hour; 分 minute; 秒 second; 今 now; 早 early; 遅 late; 前 before; 後 after; 久 long ago; 旧 former; 曽 formerly; 近 recent; 先 ahead, previous; 間 interval of time; 期 time period; 暫 a while; 紀 era; 昨 previous time; 回 number of times; 頃 time, about; 際 moment, occasion; 度 number of times; 昔 antiquity; 永 eternity; 旬 period of 10 days; 始 begin; 終 end; 古 old; 老 old; 若 young; 新 new;

=== Seasons ===
季 season; 候 season; 節 season, period; 春 spring; 夏 summer; 秋 autumn; 冬 winter

=== Days of the week ===
曜 weekday; 日 Sunday; 月 Monday; 火 Tuesday; 水 Wednesday; 木 Thursday; 金 Friday; 土 Saturday

== Nature ==

===Sky and heavens===

日 sun; 陽 sun or yang principle; 月 moon; 星 star; 天 sky or heaven; 空 sky or void; 気 air; 宇 universe;

===Natural substances ===

金 metal or gold; 銀 silver; 銅 copper; 鉛 lead; 鉄 iron; 銑 pig iron; 鋼 steel; 鉱 ore; 晶 crystal; 玉 jewel; 珠 pearl or jewel; 珠 pearl; 水 water; 氷 ice; 汽 steam, vapour; 石 stone; 炭 coal; 灰 ash; 土 earth; 地 ground or earth; 砂 sand; 沙 sand; 泥 mud; 塩 salt; 丹 cinnabar; 硫 sulphur; 酸 acid, oxygen; 窒 nitrogen; 材 timber, material; 油 oil; 脂 fat;

===Weather and other natural phenomena===
雲 cloud; 曇 cloud; 雨 rain; 虹 rainbow; 風 wind; 雪 snow; 嵐 storm; 候 climate; 晴 fine weather; 霞 haze or mist; 雷 lightning or thunder; 霧 fog or mist; 霜 frost; 露 dew; 波 wave; 潮 tide; 渦 whirlpool; 洪 flood; 震 earthquake; 災 natural disaster; 暗 dark; 闇 dark; 冥 dark; 光 light; 明 light; 陰 yin principle or shadow; 影 shadow; 煙 smoke or fumes; 電 electricity; 磁 magnet; 火 fire; 炎 blaze

===Landscape and topography===

陸 land; 野 field; 畑 field; 原 field; 田 rice paddy; 牧 pasture; 里 countryside; 壌 fertile soil; 漠 desert; 山 mountain; 岳 peak or mountain; 峰 peak; 峠 mountain pass; 丘 hill; 岡 hill; 阜 hill; 坂 slope; 麓 foot of mountain; 堤 embankment; 谷 valley; 溪 mountain stream or valley; 峡 gorge; 渓 ravine; 窟 cave; 岩 rock or boulder; 巌 rock or boulder; 漠 desert; 川 river; 河 river or stream; 泉 water spring; 滝 waterfall; 瀬 shallows, rapids; 堀 ditch; 畔 levee; 沢 swamp; 沼 marsh; 海 ocean or sea; 洋 ocean; 沖 open sea; 湖 lake; 池 pond; 潟 lagoon; 礁 reef; 江 creek or bay; 湾 bay, gulf; 岸 shore; 磯 seashore; 浜 beach; 浦 bay, beach; 崖 cliff; 崎 promontory or cape; 埼 promontory; 岬 headland; 島 island;

=== Animals ===
犬 dog; 狗 dog; 猫 cat; 鼠 mouse; 鳥 bird; 兎 rabbit; 馬 horse; 牛 cow; 羊 sheep; 豚 pig; 鹿 deer; 獣 beast; 畜 livestock; 鶏 chicken; 鴨 duck; 鷹 hawk; 鶴 crane; 雀 sparrow; 象 elephant; 虎 tiger; 熊 bear; 狼 wolf; 狐 fox; 狸 raccoon dog (tanuki); 猿 monkey; 龜/亀 turtle; 魚 fish; 貝 shellfish; 鯨 whale; 虫 insect; 昆 insect; 蜂 bee; 蚊 mosquito; 蚕 silkworm; 蛍 firefly; 蛇 snake; 毛 fur; 尾 tail; 牙 tusk, fang; 角 horn; 羽 feather, wing; 翼 wing;

=== Plants and trees ===

植 plant; 木 tree; 樹 tree; 林 grove; 森 forest; 松 pine; 杉 cedar; 桜 cherry; 梅 plum; 梨 pear; 柿 persimmon; 栃 horse chestnut; 藤 wisteria; 桑 mulberry; 桃 peach; 柳 willow; 桂 cinnamon tree; 草 grass; 稲 rice plant; 麻 hemp or flax; 竹 bamboo; 葛 vine; 茨 brier; 菊 chrysanthemum; 栽 cultivation of plants; 藻 algae, seaweed; 茸 mushroom; 菌 fungi or bacteria; 根 root; 幹 tree trunk; 枝 branch; 葉 leaf; 花 flower; 芽 bud; 苗 seedling; 茎 stem;

== People ==

=== General ===
人 person; 者 person (usually with qualifier); 民 people; 男 man; 女 woman; 雄 male; 雌 female; 翁 old man; 婆 old woman; 嬢 young lady; 子 child; 児 child; 坊 boy, sonny; 郎 son, boy; 童 juvenile; 徒 gang or junior; 私 I; 僕 I; 俺 I; 彼 he; 君 you; 自 oneself; 己 oneself; 我 self, ego;

=== Roles and status ===
主 master or husband; 夫 husband or man; 妻 wife; 婦 wife or lady; 王 king; 皇 emperor or sovereign; 帝 Mikado or emperor; 姫 princess; 媛 princess; 妃 princess, queen; 后 empress; 伯 earl, count; 侯 lord, marquis; 爵 noble rank; 士 man or gentleman; 方 honorable person; 漢 honorable man or Han Chinese; 彦 boy, high-status man; 傑 great man; 紳 gentleman; 氏 courtesy title; 長 leader; 係 person in charge; 督 supervisor; 師 expert; 仲 intermediary; 使 messenger; 医 doctor; 友 friend; 僚 colleague; 輩 fellow, comrade; 客 guest, customer; 賓 guest, VIP; 隣 neighbour; 奴 servant, fellow; 隷 underling; 仙 hermit;

===Family relationships===

家 family; 族 family; 名 name; 父 father; 母 mother; 親 parent; 嫁 wife, bride; 娘 daughter; 弟 younger brother; 妹 younger sister; 兄 older brother; 姉 older sister; 爺 grandfather; 婆 grandmother; 祖 ancestor; 孫 grandchild; 叔 aunt, uncle; 伯 aunt, uncle; 甥 nephew; 姪 niece; 婿 son-in-law, bridegroom; 昆 descendants; 戚 relatives; 婚 marry; 姻 matrimony; 嫡 legitimate wife/family; 寡 widow;

===Groups===
国 country; 社 company; 団 group; 派 faction, group; 組 association, assemble; 群 flock, crowd

== Body ==

=== General ===

身 body; 体 body; 肉 flesh; 血 blood; 脈 vein; 筋 muscles; 骨 bone; 髄 marrow; 節 joint; 皮 skin; 膚 skin; 肌 skin; 皺 wrinkle; 腺 gland;

=== Head and neck ===

頭 head; 脳 brain; 髪 hair; 顔 face; 髭 beard; 額 forehead; 耳 ear; 目 eye; 眼 eyeball; 眉 eyebrow; 瞳 pupil; 鼻 nose; 顎 jaw; 口 mouth; 唇 lips; 歯 tooth; 舌 tongue; 頬 cheek; 頤 chin; 喉 throat; 咽 throat; 首 neck;

===Torso and organs===

胴 torso; 背 back; 脊 backbone; 呂 backbone; 椎 backbone; 肋 rib; 胸 chest; 腹 stomach; 胃 stomach; 臍 navel; 腰 waist; 臓 entrails; 腸 intestines; 心 heart; 肺 lung; 肝 liver; 膵 pancreas; 腎 kidney; 胆 gall bladder; 肛 anus; 膣 vagina;

===Arms and legs===

肢 limb; 腕 arm; 肩 shoulder; 脇 armpit; 肘 elbow; 手 hand; 拳 fist; 指 finger; 爪 nail; 掌 palm; 尻 buttocks; 股 thighs; 脚 leg; 足 leg, foot; 膝 knee; 踝 ankle; 踵 heel;

===Body functions ===
汗 sweat; 泪 tear; 涙 tear; 唾 saliva; 精 sperm; 尿 urine; 便 faeces; 胎 foetus; 妊 pregnant; 娠 pregnant; 生 birth; 産 give birth; 哺 suckle; 息 breath; 寝 sleep; 眠 sleep; 睡 sleep; 夢 dream

===Health, illness, medicine ===
生 life; 死 death; 健 healthy; 康 healthy; 力 strength; 病 illness; 症 disease; 疾 disease; 患 sick; 疫 epidemic; 骸 corpse; 痛 pain; 疲 tired; 休 rest; 痩 weight loss; 瘍 ulcer; 痘 pox; 痢 diarrhoea; 癌 cancer; 傷 wound; 痕 scar; 医 medicine, doctor; 療 heal; 癒 heal; 治 cure; 剤 medicine; 錠 pill; 薬 drug;

===Gestures and sports===
立 stand up; 走 run; 座 sit; 踊 jump; 歩 walk; 泳 swim; 止 stop

== Emotions and senses ==

===Emotions===
情 emotion; 感 feeling, emotion; 気 feeling, mood; 愛 love; 恋 love; 慕 adoration; 崇 reverence, adoration; 恭 respect; 敬 respect; 慈 affection, benevolence; 憎 hate; 好 like; 嫌 dislike; 蔑 contempt; 恐 fear or anxiety; 虞 fear or anxiety; 怖 fear or anxiety; 畏 fear or anxiety; 慄 fear; 惧 apprehension; 悲 sadness; 哀 sadness or pity; 憂 sadness, anxiety; 煩 anxiety, annoyance; 愁 melancholy; 鬱 melancholy; 惜 regret; 憾 regret; 悔 remorse; 懐 yearning; 憧 yearning, adoration; 憬 yearning; 戚 grief; 恨 resentment; 怨 resentment; 慨 indignation, resentment; 寂 loneliness; 楽 fun; 愉 fun; 娯 fun; 幸 happiness; 嬉 happiness; 喜 joy; 悦 joy; 慶 joy; 歓 joy; 快 pleasure; 笑 laughter; 疑 doubt or suspicion; 迷 doubt; 迷 confusion; 紛 confusion; 惑 bewilderment; 慌 disconcertion; 驚 surprise; 欲 desire; 怒 anger; 激 violent excitement; 暴 violent rage; 憤 indignation; 傲 pride; 恥 shame; 羞 shame; 妬 envy; 羨 envy; 嫉 envy;

===Senses===
見 see; 聞 hear; 聴 listen; 音 sound; 静 quiet; 味 taste, flavour; 辣 bitter; 辛 pungent; 触 touch, feel; 嗅 smell; 芳 fragrant; 匂 fragrant; 香 pleasant smell; 臭 bad smell; 盲 blind;

===Judgment===
思 think; 考 think; 正 correct; 良 good; 善 good; 悪 bad; 理 reason

== Food and drink ==
食 eat, meal; 飲 drink; 米 rice; 飯 cooked rice, meal; 餅 rice cake; 麦 wheat or barley; 粒 grain; 穀 cereal; 穂 ear of grain; 果 fruit; 実 fruit; 菜 vegetable; 豆 bean; 麺 noodles; 芋 potato; 粉 flour; 卵 egg; 糖 sugar; 肉 meat; 乳 milk; 酪 dairy products; 蜜 honey; 菓 confectionery; 栗 chestnut; 酒 alcoholic drink; 酎 sake; 酌 serve alcohol; 酢 vinegar; 漬 pickle; 汁 juice, soup; 茶 tea; 炊 cook; 焼 bake; 煎 roast, boil; 蒸 steam; 醸 brew; 揚 fry; 丼 bowl of food; 箸 chopsticks;

== Man-made structures and artifacts ==
=== Towns, cities, buildings, structures, roads ===
村 village; 町 town; 市 city; 京 capital city; 都 metropolis; 畿 capital; 街 street, city district; 建 build; 家 house; 宅 home; 屋 roof, house, shop; 店 shop; 荘 villa; 亭 pavilion; 園 garden; 芝 lawn, turf; 庭 garden, courtyard; 室 room; 房 room; 廊 corridor; 壁 wall; 戸 door; 扉 door; 窓 window; 棚 shelf; 門 gate; 垣 fence; {{Button|塀|red}} wall, fence; 柵 fence; 寮 dormitory; 蔵 storehouse; 庫 storage room; 倉 warehouse; 舎 building; 館 public building; 閣 imposing building; 宮 palace; 殿 hall, palace; 堂 hall; 楼 tower; 塔 tower; 城 castle; 塁 base, fort; 獄 prison; 宿 inn; 駅 station; 港 harbour; 津 harbour; 橋 bridge; 碑 monument; 桟 wooden structure; 桁 beam, column; 柱 pillar; 棟 ridgepole; 壇 podium; 台 pedestal; 井 well; 炉 fireplace, hearth; 道 path or road; 路 path or road; 途 way, route; 岐 fork in the road; 辻 crossroads;

=== Vehicles and machines ===
車 vehicle, wheel; 軸 axle; 機 machine; 械 contraption; 船 boat; 艇 boat; 舟 small boat; 舶 oceangoing ship; 舷 side of a ship; 乗 ride, board; 搭 board, load; 力 power

=== Clothing and textiles ===
布 cloth; 巾 cloth, towel; 衣 garment; 服 clothes; 装 attire; 絹 silk; 袖 sleeve; 裾 hem, cuff; 襟 collar; 帯 belt; 靴 shoes; 履 footwear; 帽 hat; 着 wear; 糸 thread; 縫 sew; 織 weave; 紡 spin (yarn); 綿 cotton; 錦 brocade;

=== Miscellaneous manufactured items ===
品 article; 器 vessel; 鉢 bowl; 丼 bowl; 杯 cup; 鍋 pot; 釜 kettle; 皿 plate, dish; 板 board, plate; 盤 disk, board; 盆 basin, tray; 瓶 bottle, jar; 缶 tin can; 箸 chopsticks; 蓋 lid; 栓 stopper, plug; 卓 table; 椅 chair; 机 desk; 床 bed; 膳 tray, small table; 箱 box; 灯 lamp; 袋 bag; 俵 straw sack, bag; 籠 basket; 扇 fan; 枕 pillow; 幕 curtain; 帆 sail; 畳 tatami mat; 傘 umbrella; 磁 porcelain; 陶 pottery; 瓦 tile; 紙 paper; 箋 paper; 革 leather; 塗 paint; 漆 lacquer; 棒 rod; 維 fibre; 網 net; 索 cord; 縄 rope; 綱 rope; 弦 string; 針 needle; 鎌 sickle; 管 pipe; 槽 tank; 鎖 chain; 串 skewer; 具 tool; 鍵 key; 錠 lock; 鈴 bell; 鐘 bell; 鋳 casting; 鏡 mirror; 棺 coffin; 窯 stove, kiln; 臼 millstone, mortar; 錘 spindle, plumb; 枢 hinge, pivot; 斤 axe

== Human activities ==
=== Money and commerce===
金 money or gold; 銭 coin; 札 banknote; 円 yen; 幣 currency; 財 wealth; 富 rich; 買 buy; 購 purchase; 売 sell; 業 business, industry; 商 trade; 貿 trade; 販 marketing; 卸 wholesale; 払 pay; 貝 cowry ; 貨 goods, property; 宝 treasure, wealth; 産 product; 工 manufacture; 価 price; 値 price; 高 expensive; 安 cheap; 廉 cheap; 資 capital; 賃 fee or wages; 料 fee; 費 expense; 営 management; 職 employment; 働 work; 稼 work, earn; 給 salary; 俸 salary; 償 recompense; 債 debt, bond; 貯 savings; 税 tax; 租 tax; 賦 levy, installment; 賄 bribe; 賂 bribe; 賭 gamble

=== Culture, arts, music, learning ===
芸 art; 絵 picture, painting; 画 picture; 楽 music; 曲 musical composition; 歌 song; 謡 song, noh chant; 唄 song; 諧 harmony; 琴 cithare, harp; 笛 flute; 鼓 drum; 拍 clap, beat (music); 節 tune, melody; 詩 poetry; 詠 recite poetry; 俳 haiku; 劇 drama, play; 祭 festival; 校 school; 学 study, school; 生 student; 塾 private school; 科 faculty; 教 teach; 究 study, research; 研 study, research; 知 know; 卒 graduate; 儒 Confucianism

=== Language, communication ===
語 language; 言 say; 話 speak; 声 voice; 告 tell; 談 discuss; 聞 ask; 問 question; 答 answer; 吟 recite; 読 read; 書 write; 本 book; 文 text; 図 map, diagram; 筆 writing, brush; 字 character; 辞 word; 詞 words; 句 phrase; 記 written record; 刊 publish; 誌 document, journal; 訃 obituary; 信 message; 報 inform; 説 explain; 題 topic; 表 express; 伝 transmit; 論 discourse; 講 lecture; 宣 proclaim

=== Religion, supernatural world ===
神 god; 宗 religion, sect; 教 religion; 聖 sacred; 祈 pray; 仏 Buddha; 寺 Buddhist temple; 僧 Buddhist priest; 尼 Buddhist nun; 禅 Zen; 社 Shinto shrine; 刹 temple; 詣 temple visit; 宮 shrine; 派 sect; 魂 soul; 霊 spirit; 魔 demon, witch; 鬼 ghost, devil; 幻 phantom, apparition; 竜 dragon

=== War, fighting, weapons ===
武 military; 戦 battle; 闘 battle; 敵 enemy; 攻 attack; 斬 slash; 伐 attack or punish; 殺 kill; 撃 attack; 討 attack; 殴 beat, assault; 撃 beat, attack; 射 shoot at; 襲 raid; 征 conquer; 兵 soldier; 刀 sword or katana; 矛 halberd; 戈 spear; 剣 sword; 斬 cut with a sword; 盾 shield; 甲 armour; 侍 samurai; 忍 ninja; 偵 spy; 弓 bow; 矢 arrow; 銃 gun; 砲 gun or cannon; 将 commander; 曹 sergeant; 尉 military officer; 軍 troops; 隊 corps; 班 squad, corps; 陣 battle formation, camp; 屯 barracks; 爆 bomb; 弾 bullet; 艦 warship

== 日文漢字 ==
* 燵
* 瓰
* 疂
* 礀
* 硴
* 簗
* 簱
* 籏
* 籗
* 籡
* 艠
* 苆
* 萙
* 蘰

{{Aquatiki}}
[[Category:Dan'a'yo]]

単亜語/常用/高等

2026-01-24T19:03:06Z

Aquatiki: redirect

#REDIRECT [[User:Aquatiki]]

単亜語/常用

2026-01-24T18:34:24Z

Aquatiki: 1

'''''This page is about '''''Japanese''''' meanings of kanji!!!!!'''''

Kanji with multiple meanings may appear more than once.

* [[単亜語/常用/2]]
* [[単亜語/常用/3]]
* [[単亜語/常用/4]]
* [[単亜語/常用/5]]
* [[単亜語/常用/6]]
* [[単亜語/常用/高等]]
* [[単亜語/常用/日本人名用漢字]]
* [[単亜語/常用/表外字]]

== Physical properties and attributes ==

=== Colours ===
色 Colours; 白 white; 赤 red; 紅 crimson; 青 blue; 黄 yellow; 緑 green; 金 gold; 銀 silver; 紫 violet; 紺 dark blue; 朱 vermilion; 褐 brown; 藍 indigo; 彩 brightly coloured;

=== Shape, size, pattern, arrangement ===
形 shape; 体 form; 姿 figure; 模 pattern; 柄 design, pattern; 円 circle; 丸 circular; 曲 curve; 弧 arc; 環 ring, surround; 輪 ring; 凹 concave; 凸 convex; 角 angle; 斜 diagonal; 球 sphere; 圏 sphere; 玉 ball; 線 line; 列 row, line; 並 line up; 大 large; 巨 huge; 小 small; 微 minute; 狭 narrow; 端 edge or border; 縁 edge; 周 perimeter; 境 boundary; 枠 frame, border; 端 end, tip; 側 side; 隅 corner; 高 tall; 長 long; 短 short; 広 wide; 幅 width

=== Miscellaneous ===
硬 hard; 軟 soft; 重 heavy; 軽 light (weight); 固 solid, firm; 液 liquid; 強 strong; 弱 weak; 厚 thick; 濃 thick, concentrated; 薄 dilute, thin; 細 slender; 緻 fine, delicate; 微 delicate; 鋭 sharp; 太 fat, thick; 深 deep; 浅 shallow; 暑 hot; 熱 hot; 温 warm; 暖 warm; 冷 cold; 寒 cold; 干 dry; 乾 dry; 湿 damp; 潤 moist; 浄 clean; 汚 dirty; 粘 sticky; 艶 glossy

== Directions and spatial relationships ==
北 north; 南; south; 東 east; 西 west; 左 left; 右 right; 下 down; 上 up; 前 front; 後 back; 裏 rear, back; 底 bottom; 外 outside; 中 inside/middle; 内 inside; 央 centre; 奥 interior; 間 between; 入 direction in; 出 direction out; 方 direction; 近 near; 遠 distant; 向 toward

=== Movement ===
来 come; 行 go; 旅 travel; 往 go, depart; 帰 return; 参 go (esp. visit); 落 fall, drop; 赴 go to; 越 go beyond, exceed; 倒 fall over; 墜 fall down, crash; 揚 raise, elevate

== Numbers, counting, sequence==
数 number; 零 zero; 一 1; 二 2; 三 3; 四 4; 五 5; 六 6; 七 7; 八 8; 九 9; 十 10; 百 100; 千 1,000; 万 10,000; 億 100,000,000; 兆 1,000,000,000,000; 第 ordinal marker; 初 first; 乙 second (ordinal); 丙 third (ordinal); 桁 digit; 双 pair; 多 many; 少 few; 半 half; 両 both; 各 each; 毎 every; 次 next; 翌 the following; 番 numerical order; 順 sequence; 序 sequence

===Counters===
個 general counter; 台 counter for machines and vehicles; 枚 counter for flat things; 本 counter for cylindrical things; 隻 counter for ships; 冊 counter for books; 匹 counter for animals; 頭 counter for large animals; 箇 counter for articles; 足 counter for pairs of footwear; 札 counter for bonds, tickets; 杯 counter for cupfuls; 軒 counter for houses; 戸 counter for houses; 輪 counter for wheels and flowers; 畳 counter for tatami mats; 斤 counter for loaves of bread; 丁 miscellaneous counter

===Handling amounts===
算 calculation; 倍 times, double; 増 increase, add; 殖 increase; 耗 decrease, consume; 減 dwindle, decrease; 縮 shrink, contract; 加 add to; 除 division; 分 divide; 剖 split in two

===Units===

; Units of length : 尺 Japanese foot (around 30 cm); 寸 1/10 Japanese foot (around 3 cm); 厘 (around 0.3 mm); 里 league (around 3.9 km)

; Units of area : 坪 two-mat area (around 3.3 m²); 畝 30 tsubo (around 100 m²)

; Units of volume : 勺 ladle (around 18 ml); 升 (around 1.8 l); 斗 (around 18 l); 石 (around 180 l)

; Units of weight : 匁 (around 3.75 grams); 斤 (around 600 g)

== Time ==
日 day; 週 week; 月 month; 年 year; 曜 day of week; 暦 calendar; 朝 morning; 午 noon; 昼 daytime; 夕 evening; 晩 evening; 宵 early evening; 夜 night; 暁 sunrise; 旭 rising sun; 旦 sunrise; 暮 sunset; 時 time, hour; 分 minute; 秒 second; 今 now; 早 early; 遅 late; 前 before; 後 after; 久 long ago; 旧 former; 曽 formerly; 近 recent; 先 ahead, previous; 間 interval of time; 期 time period; 暫 a while; 紀 era; 昨 previous time; 回 number of times; 頃 time, about; 際 moment, occasion; 度 number of times; 昔 antiquity; 永 eternity; 旬 period of 10 days; 始 begin; 終 end; 古 old; 老 old; 若 young; 新 new;

=== Seasons ===
季 season; 候 season; 節 season, period; 春 spring; 夏 summer; 秋 autumn; 冬 winter

=== Days of the week ===
曜 weekday; 日 Sunday; 月 Monday; 火 Tuesday; 水 Wednesday; 木 Thursday; 金 Friday; 土 Saturday

== Nature ==

===Sky and heavens===

日 sun; 陽 sun or yang principle; 月 moon; 星 star; 天 sky or heaven; 空 sky or void; 気 air; 宇 universe;

===Natural substances ===

金 metal or gold; 銀 silver; 銅 copper; 鉛 lead; 鉄 iron; 銑 pig iron; 鋼 steel; 鉱 ore; 晶 crystal; 玉 jewel; 珠 pearl or jewel; 珠 pearl; 水 water; 氷 ice; 汽 steam, vapour; 石 stone; 炭 coal; 灰 ash; 土 earth; 地 ground or earth; 砂 sand; 沙 sand; 泥 mud; 塩 salt; 丹 cinnabar; 硫 sulphur; 酸 acid, oxygen; 窒 nitrogen; 材 timber, material; 油 oil; 脂 fat;

===Weather and other natural phenomena===
雲 cloud; 曇 cloud; 雨 rain; 虹 rainbow; 風 wind; 雪 snow; 嵐 storm; 候 climate; 晴 fine weather; 霞 haze or mist; 雷 lightning or thunder; 霧 fog or mist; 霜 frost; 露 dew; 波 wave; 潮 tide; 渦 whirlpool; 洪 flood; 震 earthquake; 災 natural disaster; 暗 dark; 闇 dark; 冥 dark; 光 light; 明 light; 陰 yin principle or shadow; 影 shadow; 煙 smoke or fumes; 電 electricity; 磁 magnet; 火 fire; 炎 blaze

===Landscape and topography===

陸 land; 野 field; 畑 field; 原 field; 田 rice paddy; 牧 pasture; 里 countryside; 壌 fertile soil; 漠 desert; 山 mountain; 岳 peak or mountain; 峰 peak; 峠 mountain pass; 丘 hill; 岡 hill; 阜 hill; 坂 slope; 麓 foot of mountain; 堤 embankment; 谷 valley; 溪 mountain stream or valley; 峡 gorge; 渓 ravine; 窟 cave; 岩 rock or boulder; 巌 rock or boulder; 漠 desert; 川 river; 河 river or stream; 泉 water spring; 滝 waterfall; 瀬 shallows, rapids; 堀 ditch; 畔 levee; 沢 swamp; 沼 marsh; 海 ocean or sea; 洋 ocean; 沖 open sea; 湖 lake; 池 pond; 潟 lagoon; 礁 reef; 江 creek or bay; 湾 bay, gulf; 岸 shore; 磯 seashore; 浜 beach; 浦 bay, beach; 崖 cliff; 崎 promontory or cape; 埼 promontory; 岬 headland; 島 island;

=== Animals ===
犬 dog; 狗 dog; 猫 cat; 鼠 mouse; 鳥 bird; 兎 rabbit; 馬 horse; 牛 cow; 羊 sheep; 豚 pig; 鹿 deer; 獣 beast; 畜 livestock; 鶏 chicken; 鴨 duck; 鷹 hawk; 鶴 crane; 雀 sparrow; 象 elephant; 虎 tiger; 熊 bear; 狼 wolf; 狐 fox; 狸 raccoon dog (tanuki); 猿 monkey; 龜/亀 turtle; 魚 fish; 貝 shellfish; 鯨 whale; 虫 insect; 昆 insect; 蜂 bee; 蚊 mosquito; 蚕 silkworm; 蛍 firefly; 蛇 snake; 毛 fur; 尾 tail; 牙 tusk, fang; 角 horn; 羽 feather, wing; 翼 wing;

=== Plants and trees ===

植 plant; 木 tree; 樹 tree; 林 grove; 森 forest; 松 pine; 杉 cedar; 桜 cherry; 梅 plum; 梨 pear; 柿 persimmon; 栃 horse chestnut; 藤 wisteria; 桑 mulberry; 桃 peach; 柳 willow; 桂 cinnamon tree; 草 grass; 稲 rice plant; 麻 hemp or flax; 竹 bamboo; 葛 vine; 茨 brier; 菊 chrysanthemum; 栽 cultivation of plants; 藻 algae, seaweed; 茸 mushroom; 菌 fungi or bacteria; 根 root; 幹 tree trunk; 枝 branch; 葉 leaf; 花 flower; 芽 bud; 苗 seedling; 茎 stem;

== People ==

=== General ===
人 person; 者 person (usually with qualifier); 民 people; 男 man; 女 woman; 雄 male; 雌 female; 翁 old man; 婆 old woman; 嬢 young lady; 子 child; 児 child; 坊 boy, sonny; 郎 son, boy; 童 juvenile; 徒 gang or junior; 私 I; 僕 I; 俺 I; 彼 he; 君 you; 自 oneself; 己 oneself; 我 self, ego;

=== Roles and status ===
主 master or husband; 夫 husband or man; 妻 wife; 婦 wife or lady; 王 king; 皇 emperor or sovereign; 帝 Mikado or emperor; 姫 princess; 媛 princess; 妃 princess, queen; 后 empress; 伯 earl, count; 侯 lord, marquis; 爵 noble rank; 士 man or gentleman; 方 honorable person; 漢 honorable man or Han Chinese; 彦 boy, high-status man; 傑 great man; 紳 gentleman; 氏 courtesy title; 長 leader; 係 person in charge; 督 supervisor; 師 expert; 仲 intermediary; 使 messenger; 医 doctor; 友 friend; 僚 colleague; 輩 fellow, comrade; 客 guest, customer; 賓 guest, VIP; 隣 neighbour; 奴 servant, fellow; 隷 underling; 仙 hermit;

===Family relationships===

家 family; 族 family; 名 name; 父 father; 母 mother; 親 parent; 嫁 wife, bride; 娘 daughter; 弟 younger brother; 妹 younger sister; 兄 older brother; 姉 older sister; 爺 grandfather; 婆 grandmother; 祖 ancestor; 孫 grandchild; 叔 aunt, uncle; 伯 aunt, uncle; 甥 nephew; 姪 niece; 婿 son-in-law, bridegroom; 昆 descendants; 戚 relatives; 婚 marry; 姻 matrimony; 嫡 legitimate wife/family; 寡 widow;

===Groups===
国 country; 社 company; 団 group; 派 faction, group; 組 association, assemble; 群 flock, crowd

== Body ==

=== General ===

身 body; 体 body; 肉 flesh; 血 blood; 脈 vein; 筋 muscles; 骨 bone; 髄 marrow; 節 joint; 皮 skin; 膚 skin; 肌 skin; 皺 wrinkle; 腺 gland;

=== Head and neck ===

頭 head; 脳 brain; 髪 hair; 顔 face; 髭 beard; 額 forehead; 耳 ear; 目 eye; 眼 eyeball; 眉 eyebrow; 瞳 pupil; 鼻 nose; 顎 jaw; 口 mouth; 唇 lips; 歯 tooth; 舌 tongue; 頬 cheek; 頤 chin; 喉 throat; 咽 throat; 首 neck;

===Torso and organs===

胴 torso; 背 back; 脊 backbone; 呂 backbone; 椎 backbone; 肋 rib; 胸 chest; 腹 stomach; 胃 stomach; 臍 navel; 腰 waist; 臓 entrails; 腸 intestines; 心 heart; 肺 lung; 肝 liver; 膵 pancreas; 腎 kidney; 胆 gall bladder; 肛 anus; 膣 vagina;

===Arms and legs===

肢 limb; 腕 arm; 肩 shoulder; 脇 armpit; 肘 elbow; 手 hand; 拳 fist; 指 finger; 爪 nail; 掌 palm; 尻 buttocks; 股 thighs; 脚 leg; 足 leg, foot; 膝 knee; 踝 ankle; 踵 heel;

===Body functions ===
汗 sweat; 泪 tear; 涙 tear; 唾 saliva; 精 sperm; 尿 urine; 便 faeces; 胎 foetus; 妊 pregnant; 娠 pregnant; 生 birth; 産 give birth; 哺 suckle; 息 breath; 寝 sleep; 眠 sleep; 睡 sleep; 夢 dream

===Health, illness, medicine ===
生 life; 死 death; 健 healthy; 康 healthy; 力 strength; 病 illness; 症 disease; 疾 disease; 患 sick; 疫 epidemic; 骸 corpse; 痛 pain; 疲 tired; 休 rest; 痩 weight loss; 瘍 ulcer; 痘 pox; 痢 diarrhoea; 癌 cancer; 傷 wound; 痕 scar; 医 medicine, doctor; 療 heal; 癒 heal; 治 cure; 剤 medicine; 錠 pill; 薬 drug;

===Gestures and sports===
立 stand up; 走 run; 座 sit; 踊 jump; 歩 walk; 泳 swim; 止 stop

== Emotions and senses ==

===Emotions===
情 emotion; 感 feeling, emotion; 気 feeling, mood; 愛 love; 恋 love; 慕 adoration; 崇 reverence, adoration; 恭 respect; 敬 respect; 慈 affection, benevolence; 憎 hate; 好 like; 嫌 dislike; 蔑 contempt; 恐 fear or anxiety; 虞 fear or anxiety; 怖 fear or anxiety; 畏 fear or anxiety; 慄 fear; 惧 apprehension; 悲 sadness; 哀 sadness or pity; 憂 sadness, anxiety; 煩 anxiety, annoyance; 愁 melancholy; 鬱 melancholy; 惜 regret; 憾 regret; 悔 remorse; 懐 yearning; 憧 yearning, adoration; 憬 yearning; 戚 grief; 恨 resentment; 怨 resentment; 慨 indignation, resentment; 寂 loneliness; 楽 fun; 愉 fun; 娯 fun; 幸 happiness; 嬉 happiness; 喜 joy; 悦 joy; 慶 joy; 歓 joy; 快 pleasure; 笑 laughter; 疑 doubt or suspicion; 迷 doubt; 迷 confusion; 紛 confusion; 惑 bewilderment; 慌 disconcertion; 驚 surprise; 欲 desire; 怒 anger; 激 violent excitement; 暴 violent rage; 憤 indignation; 傲 pride; 恥 shame; 羞 shame; 妬 envy; 羨 envy; 嫉 envy;

===Senses===
見 see; 聞 hear; 聴 listen; 音 sound; 静 quiet; 味 taste, flavour; 辣 bitter; 辛 pungent; 触 touch, feel; 嗅 smell; 芳 fragrant; 匂 fragrant; 香 pleasant smell; 臭 bad smell; 盲 blind;

===Judgment===
思 think; 考 think; 正 correct; 良 good; 善 good; 悪 bad; 理 reason

== Food and drink ==
食 eat, meal; 飲 drink; 米 rice; 飯 cooked rice, meal; 餅 rice cake; 麦 wheat or barley; 粒 grain; 穀 cereal; 穂 ear of grain; 果 fruit; 実 fruit; 菜 vegetable; 豆 bean; 麺 noodles; 芋 potato; 粉 flour; 卵 egg; 糖 sugar; 肉 meat; 乳 milk; 酪 dairy products; 蜜 honey; 菓 confectionery; 栗 chestnut; 酒 alcoholic drink; 酎 sake; 酌 serve alcohol; 酢 vinegar; 漬 pickle; 汁 juice, soup; 茶 tea; 炊 cook; 焼 bake; 煎 roast, boil; 蒸 steam; 醸 brew; 揚 fry; 丼 bowl of food; 箸 chopsticks;

== Man-made structures and artifacts ==
=== Towns, cities, buildings, structures, roads ===
村 village; 町 town; 市 city; 京 capital city; 都 metropolis; 畿 capital; 街 street, city district; 建 build; 家 house; 宅 home; 屋 roof, house, shop; 店 shop; 荘 villa; 亭 pavilion; 園 garden; 芝 lawn, turf; 庭 garden, courtyard; 室 room; 房 room; 廊 corridor; 壁 wall; 戸 door; 扉 door; 窓 window; 棚 shelf; 門 gate; 垣 fence; {{Button|塀|red}} wall, fence; 柵 fence; 寮 dormitory; 蔵 storehouse; 庫 storage room; 倉 warehouse; 舎 building; 館 public building; 閣 imposing building; 宮 palace; 殿 hall, palace; 堂 hall; 楼 tower; 塔 tower; 城 castle; 塁 base, fort; 獄 prison; 宿 inn; 駅 station; 港 harbour; 津 harbour; 橋 bridge; 碑 monument; 桟 wooden structure; 桁 beam, column; 柱 pillar; 棟 ridgepole; 壇 podium; 台 pedestal; 井 well; 炉 fireplace, hearth; 道 path or road; 路 path or road; 途 way, route; 岐 fork in the road; 辻 crossroads;

=== Vehicles and machines ===
車 vehicle, wheel; 軸 axle; 機 machine; 械 contraption; 船 boat; 艇 boat; 舟 small boat; 舶 oceangoing ship; 舷 side of a ship; 乗 ride, board; 搭 board, load; 力 power

=== Clothing and textiles ===
布 cloth; 巾 cloth, towel; 衣 garment; 服 clothes; 装 attire; 絹 silk; 袖 sleeve; 裾 hem, cuff; 襟 collar; 帯 belt; 靴 shoes; 履 footwear; 帽 hat; 着 wear; 糸 thread; 縫 sew; 織 weave; 紡 spin (yarn); 綿 cotton; 錦 brocade;

=== Miscellaneous manufactured items ===
品 article; 器 vessel; 鉢 bowl; 丼 bowl; 杯 cup; 鍋 pot; 釜 kettle; 皿 plate, dish; 板 board, plate; 盤 disk, board; 盆 basin, tray; 瓶 bottle, jar; 缶 tin can; 箸 chopsticks; 蓋 lid; 栓 stopper, plug; 卓 table; 椅 chair; 机 desk; 床 bed; 膳 tray, small table; 箱 box; 灯 lamp; 袋 bag; 俵 straw sack, bag; 籠 basket; 扇 fan; 枕 pillow; 幕 curtain; 帆 sail; 畳 tatami mat; 傘 umbrella; 磁 porcelain; 陶 pottery; 瓦 tile; 紙 paper; 箋 paper; 革 leather; 塗 paint; 漆 lacquer; 棒 rod; 維 fibre; 網 net; 索 cord; 縄 rope; 綱 rope; 弦 string; 針 needle; 鎌 sickle; 管 pipe; 槽 tank; 鎖 chain; 串 skewer; 具 tool; 鍵 key; 錠 lock; 鈴 bell; 鐘 bell; 鋳 casting; 鏡 mirror; 棺 coffin; 窯 stove, kiln; 臼 millstone, mortar; 錘 spindle, plumb; 枢 hinge, pivot; 斤 axe

== Human activities ==
=== Money and commerce===
金 money or gold; 銭 coin; 札 banknote; 円 yen; 幣 currency; 財 wealth; 富 rich; 買 buy; 購 purchase; 売 sell; 業 business, industry; 商 trade; 貿 trade; 販 marketing; 卸 wholesale; 払 pay; 貝 cowry ; 貨 goods, property; 宝 treasure, wealth; 産 product; 工 manufacture; 価 price; 値 price; 高 expensive; 安 cheap; 廉 cheap; 資 capital; 賃 fee or wages; 料 fee; 費 expense; 営 management; 職 employment; 働 work; 稼 work, earn; 給 salary; 俸 salary; 償 recompense; 債 debt, bond; 貯 savings; 税 tax; 租 tax; 賦 levy, installment; 賄 bribe; 賂 bribe; 賭 gamble

=== Culture, arts, music, learning ===
芸 art; 絵 picture, painting; 画 picture; 楽 music; 曲 musical composition; 歌 song; 謡 song, noh chant; 唄 song; 諧 harmony; 琴 cithare, harp; 笛 flute; 鼓 drum; 拍 clap, beat (music); 節 tune, melody; 詩 poetry; 詠 recite poetry; 俳 haiku; 劇 drama, play; 祭 festival; 校 school; 学 study, school; 生 student; 塾 private school; 科 faculty; 教 teach; 究 study, research; 研 study, research; 知 know; 卒 graduate; 儒 Confucianism

=== Language, communication ===
語 language; 言 say; 話 speak; 声 voice; 告 tell; 談 discuss; 聞 ask; 問 question; 答 answer; 吟 recite; 読 read; 書 write; 本 book; 文 text; 図 map, diagram; 筆 writing, brush; 字 character; 辞 word; 詞 words; 句 phrase; 記 written record; 刊 publish; 誌 document, journal; 訃 obituary; 信 message; 報 inform; 説 explain; 題 topic; 表 express; 伝 transmit; 論 discourse; 講 lecture; 宣 proclaim

=== Religion, supernatural world ===
神 god; 宗 religion, sect; 教 religion; 聖 sacred; 祈 pray; 仏 Buddha; 寺 Buddhist temple; 僧 Buddhist priest; 尼 Buddhist nun; 禅 Zen; 社 Shinto shrine; 刹 temple; 詣 temple visit; 宮 shrine; 派 sect; 魂 soul; 霊 spirit; 魔 demon, witch; 鬼 ghost, devil; 幻 phantom, apparition; 竜 dragon

=== War, fighting, weapons ===
武 military; 戦 battle; 闘 battle; 敵 enemy; 攻 attack; 斬 slash; 伐 attack or punish; 殺 kill; 撃 attack; 討 attack; 殴 beat, assault; 撃 beat, attack; 射 shoot at; 襲 raid; 征 conquer; 兵 soldier; 刀 sword or katana; 矛 halberd; 戈 spear; 剣 sword; 斬 cut with a sword; 盾 shield; 甲 armour; 侍 samurai; 忍 ninja; 偵 spy; 弓 bow; 矢 arrow; 銃 gun; 砲 gun or cannon; 将 commander; 曹 sergeant; 尉 military officer; 軍 troops; 隊 corps; 班 squad, corps; 陣 battle formation, camp; 屯 barracks; 爆 bomb; 弾 bullet; 艦 warship

== 日文漢字 ==
* 燵
* 瓰
* 疂
* 礀
* 硴
* 簗
* 簱
* 籏
* 籗
* 籡
* 艠
* 苆
* 萙
* 蘰

{{Aquatiki}}
[[Category:Dan'a'yo]]

単亜語/常用/1

2026-01-24T18:33:59Z

Aquatiki: redirect

#REDIRECT [[User:Aquatiki]]

単亜語

2026-01-24T18:26:41Z

Aquatiki: /* Lexica */ delink

{{Infobox Universal Language
| color = #CDCB2B
| name = Dan'a'yo
| altname = 単亜語
| Writing System = 新字体
| region = East Asia
| genders =0
| cases = 0
| alignment =
| proto = [[w:Sinosphere]]
| Type = Analytic
| word-order = SVO
| child1 = [[w:Korean language]]
| child2 = [[w:Japanese language]]
| child3 = [[w:Chinese language]]
| child4 = [[w:Vietnamese language]]
| population = 1500
| flag =East asian flag.png
}}
{{Ruby|単亜語|단아요}} is a zonal auxlang<ref>http://conlangery.com/2013/01/14/conlangery-80-zonal-auxlangs/</ref> intended to be quickly learnable, readily comprehensible, and mutually communicative between persons of the [[w:East Asian cultural sphere|East Asian cultural sphere]]. It has an underlying foundation of Chinese characters for every word, with some glyphs being simplified according to the [[w:Shinjitai|{{Ruby|新字体|신지테}}]] standards of Japan. The Hangǔl alphabet is presented at the same time (whenever possible), and is also used for phonetic transcription. It is not [[w:Tone (linguistics)|tonal]], mostly [[w:Analytic language|analytic]], [[w:Subject–verb–object|SVO]], [[w:Topic-prominent language|topic-prominent]], uses [[w:Classifier (linguistics)|classifiers]], is [[w:Pro-drop language|pro-drop]], [[w:Zero copula|copula-drop]], and uses postpositions.

== Anthropology ==
{{Main|単亜語/Anthropology}}

Dan'a'yo returns a shared world of the [[w:East Asian cultural sphere]]. The ancient [[w:Imperial examination]] ({{Ruby|科挙|콰교}}) created a common experience across the region. Everyone read the same [[w:Chinese classics]] and learned the same law codes. Peoples from various language families were united and could communicate. With the advent of the internet and Unicode, there is an avenue for peaceful interaction, a reunification of shared cultural and linguistic norms. By taking [[w:Classical Chinese]] and updating it, Dan'a'yo can serve as a bridge for those who have drifted apart.

The language communities that Dan'a'yo seeks to incorporate and unify are Chinese, Japanese, Korean, and to a lesser extent, Vietnamese. Korea and Japan have long formed a sprachbund already, and have many calques and grammatical features in common. They even share some vocabulary. (There are those who think they are genetically related, but that has yet to be conclusively proven.) There will be some additional similarities that must occur with southern Sino-Tibetan languages, but that is not a design goal, merely a consequence. There is no proto-language which all our source languages are supposedly descended from. Our ancient form is Classical Chinese, which is well-known and actually exists in documented form.

=== Phonologies ===
Korean has a tense/lax system which is completely unknown to the others in the region. Japanese alone contrasts voiced/unvoiced, instead of aspirated/un-aspirated like the rest. The Chineses have contour tones which are much more complicated than JK pitch accent system. All these features must be ignored, as they have no common parallels. Korean has the most robust phonotactics, with CVC syllables allowing many kinds of consonants in the coda, and Cantonese is a close second. Mandarin has only /n/ and /ŋ/ in the coda. Japanese has gemination – which doubles the next voiceless stop, and a homorganic nasal – which can be /m/, /n/, or /ŋ~ɴ/. In short, a rough compromise is possible, with everyone having to learn ''something'', but nothing like what it would take to learn any other language.

Chinese characters have roughly stayed the same for 1,000 years, but some changes have crept in. The most overreaching is the Simplified characters of mainland China, which are utterly dependent upon Mandarin pronunciation and incompatible with the region as a whole. Korean uses ancient versions, which are sometimes grossly out of date and far more obtuse than what others write. A strong, compromise position is to use Japanese Shinjitai, which has mild updates and simplifications to some characters. A phonetic alphabet is hard to agree upon. Japanese hiragana and katakana are not capable of indicating precise coda consonants. Korean Hangǔl is generally well-suited, though one coda off-glide requires abuse of notation.

Multilingual dictionary sources – such as Wiktionary – already document much of the vocabulary in common across the Far East Asian region. Selection of a limited number of Chinese characters must involve a kind of voting process. Japan is well-positioned to begin education of Dan'a'yo at an early age. Korean politics are unfortunately embroiled over a senseless debate about the national character of learning Chinese characters, a holdover from the war and the product of pride. Chinese standard education frowns upon teaching grammar, but there is a revival of Classical education. Many teaching resources are still needed.

== Phonology ==
{{PAGENAME}} has 5 vowels and 16 consonants.

{| class="bluetable lightbluebg " style="width: 700px; text-align: center;"
|+'''{{PAGENAME}} Consonants'''
|-
! colspan="5"|Consonants
|-
!
! Labial
! Alveolar
! Palatal
! Velar
|- align="center"
!Nasals
|'''ㅁ''' /m/
|
|'''ㄴ ''' /n/
|'''ㅇ''' /ŋ/
|-
! Aspirates
|'''ㅍ''' /pʰ/
|'''ㅌ''' /tʰ/
| '''ㅊ''' /t͡ɕʰ~cʰ/
|'''ㅋ''' /kʰ/
|-
! Voiced
| '''ㅂ''' /b~p/
| '''ㄷ''' /d~t/
| '''ㅈ''' /dʑ~tɕ/
| '''ㄱ''' /g~k/
|-
!Fricatives
|
| colspan="2" | '''ㅅ''' /s ~ ɕ/
|'''ㅎ''' /h ~ ɦ ~ x/
|-
! Sonorants
|''w'' /w/
|'''ㄹ''' /l ~ ɾ/
|''y''/j/
|
|}
(W and Y are achieved with special glyphs.) While there is a great deal of consonantal allophony (see the table), every language's speaker will experience some sounds as difficult, especially in achieving consistency.

{| class="bluetable lightbluebg " style="width: 500px; text-align: center;"
|+'''{{PAGENAME}} Vowels'''
|-
! colspan="4"|Vowels
|-
!
! Front
! Central
! Back
|-
! High
| '''이''' /i ~ ɪ/
|
| '''우''' /u ~ ɯ/
|-
! Mid
| '''어''' /e ~ e̞/
|
| '''오''' /o ~ o̞/
|-
! Low
| colspan="3" | '''아''' /a ~ ä/
|}
Again, a great deal of tolerance is required when listening to others. Non-Mandarin speakers will have the hardest time being patient with Chinese vowels, but accents are part of being international! Long vowels do not exist, per se, even if the Latin transcription appears as though they do. 웃/'uu and 의/'ii are actually said as /uʊ/, /uu̵/, or /uǝ/; and /iǝ/ or /ii̵/ respectively. Additionally, there is an epenthetic vowel, which varies considerably among the target nations. It's written as 으 and transcribed as ǔ, and it may be pronounced /ɯ/, /ɯβ/, /ɨ/, /ǝ/, or /ʊ/. This is only used in transcribing foreign words.

=== Tone/Prosody ===
Even for speakers of a tonal language, learning a new set of tones is difficult. Therefore, syllabic tones are not phonemic in Dan'a'yo. However, to easy listening and to distinguish the boundaries between words, the following intonation principles are used:

* The main (finite) verb of an utterance should be the highest point of it.
* The head of a phrase should be the highest point of it.
* The main vowel of a syllable should be the highest point of it.
* The first character's syllable of a compound word should be the highest point of it.

This can be helpful in distinguishing {{Ruby|大|대}} {{Ruby|学生|학상}} 'big student' from {{Ruby|大学生|대학상}} 'college student', as the first is H HL, while the second is HLL.

Pitch cannot be used to indicate a question. Please use the SFP {{Ruby|乎|호}} to make a polar-question.

=== Phonotactics ===
Maximally, a Dan'a'yo syllable consists of an ONSET consonant, an ON-GLIDE, a VOWEL, and an OFF-GLIDE or CODA CONSONANT. The ONSET can be ø or any consonant except ŋ, the ON-GLIDE can be ø, y, or w, the VOWEL must exist, and the CODA CONSONANT can be ø, y, w, b, d, g, m, n, or ng. Each syllable has no effect upon the next.

For a complete chart of all possible Hanmun syllables, see [[単亜語/Syllables]].

== Syntax ==
Like Chinese and Vietnamese (and unlike Japanese and Korean), {{PAGENAME}} is SVO, subject-verb-object. The subject of an intransitive verb and the actor of transitive verb come early in the sentence (before the verb), and the accusative argument must come after. There are no particles to mark subject or object.

{| class="bluetable"
! Relationship
! Particle
! English
! Mandarin
! Cantonese
! Japanese
! Korean
! Vietnamese
|-
! Topic
|
| as for
| -
| -
| は wa
| 은/는 (n)ǔn
| cái
|-
! Vocative
| {{Ruby|哉|재}}
| O
|
| ya
| yeo
| 야
|-
! Dative
| {{Ruby|于|우}}
| to
| -
| -
| に
| 에게
| đến
|-
! Genitive
| {{Ruby|之|티}}
| of
| 的
| 嘅
| の
| 의
| của
|-
! Instrumental
| {{Ruby|以|이}}
| by
| 用
| 用
| で
| 로/으로
|
|-
! Locative
| {{Ruby|於|오}}
| in, on, at
| 在
| 喺
| に
| 에
|
|-
! Comitative
| {{Ruby|共|굥}}
| together with
|
|
|
|
|
|-
! Assoc. Pl.
| {{Ruby|等|둥}}
| et. al.
| 們
| 哋
| たち
| 들
| tôi/tao/
|-
! colspan="9"|
|-
! Perfective
| {{Ruby|已|이}}
| -ed
| 了
| 咗
| た/だ
| 았/었
| đã
|-
! Progressive
| {{Ruby|中|중}}
| -ing
|
|
|
| 아/어
|
|-
! colspan="9"|
|-
! Nominalizer
| {{Ruby|物|묻}}
| -ed
|
|
|
|
|
|-
! Nominalizer
| {{Ruby|事|지}}
| -ing
|
|
| こと
| ~기, ~는 것, ~음/ㅁ
|
|-
! Adnominalizer
| {{Ruby|之|티}}
|
|
|
| の
| 의
|
|-
! Adverbializer
| {{Ruby|様|양}}
| -ly
| 地/一點/得
|
| く/に
| -히/-게
|
|-
! colspan="9"|
|-
! NP And
| {{Ruby|与|오}}
| and
| 和 hé
| 及 kap6
| と
| 와/과
| và
|-
! VP And
| {{Ruby|而|니}}
| and
| 以及/yǐjí
|
| そして
| 그리고
| và
|}

===Sentence Final Particles===

=== Pronouns ===
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align: left; float:left; "
! colspan="2" |
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! rowspan="3" |Casual
! First
| {{Ruby|我|아}}
| {{Ruby|我等|아둥}}
|-
! Second
| {{Ruby|君|군}}
| {{Ruby|君等|군둥}}
|}

 

=== Classifiers ===
Counting is not done with numerals as adjectives ''before'' the noun phrase, but with special classifiers + numerals ''after'' the noun phrase, as ''adverbs''.
{| class="bluetable"
! Classifier
! Use
|-
| {{Ruby|人|닌}}
| people (general)
|-
| {{Ruby|名|밍}}
| people (polite)
|-
| {{Ruby|台|대}}
| machines (computers, cars, etc)
|-
| {{Ruby|匹|핃}}
| animals (all animals, worms, fish, horses, etc.)
|-
| {{Ruby|冊|착}}
| books, magazines, etc.
|-
| {{Ruby|杯|뵈}}
| cups of some drink
|-
| {{Ruby|枚|뫼}}
| flat objects (pizzas, paper, etc.)
|-
| {{Ruby|条|조}}
| long objects (pencils, noodles, etc.)
|-
| {{Ruby|段|돤}}
| periods of time (seconds, years, ages, etc.)
|-
| {{Ruby|束|쇽}}
| bundles (groups, bouquets, bales, etc.)
|-
| 個 ''ka''
| anything else
|}

Plants, animals and things that may have hanji beyond our corpus or are nation-specific, should be spelled out phonetically, but appended with a "determiner", a hanji that shows what class of being the creature is. This is helpful, as it gives a hint to those unfamiliar with the being.
{| class="bluetable"
! Determiner
! Use
! Example
|-
| {{Ruby|阿|아}}
| name, endonym
| {{Ruby|盧|로}}{{Ruby|泰愚|태우}} {{Ruby|是|서}} "노터우" ({{Ruby|阿|아}})
|-
| {{Ruby|蛙|와}}
| amphibians
| {{Ruby|蠑螈|용원}} ({{Ruby|蛙|와}})
|-
| {{Ruby|鳥|촛}}
| birds
| Japanese quail ウズラ = 우주라 ({{Ruby|鳥|촛}})
|-
| {{Ruby|魚|요}}
| fish
| ネコギギ = 너코기기 ({{Ruby|魚|요}})
|-
| {{Ruby|虫|중}}
| invertebrates, bugs, snakes
| {{Ruby|蛞蝓|칻유}} ({{Ruby|虫|중}})
|-
| {{Ruby|獣|슈}}
| mammals
| {{Ruby|狐猿|호온}} ({{Ruby|獣|슈}})
|-
| {{Ruby|龍|룡}}
| reptiles
| {{Ruby|暴龍|복룡}} = 티란노삿루스 ({{Ruby|龍|룡}})
|-
| {{Ruby|花|화}}
| flowers
| Venus flytrap = 디오나어아 ({{Ruby|花|화}})
|-
| {{Ruby|草|찻}}
| grass, herb
| basil = 바지르 ({{Ruby|草|찻}})
|-
| {{Ruby|木|목}}
| trees, bushes
| redwood = 서쾨아 ({{Ruby|木|목}})
|-
! colspan="3"|
|-
| {{Ruby|服|북}}
| clothes
| きもの = 키모노 ({{Ruby|服|북}})
|-
| {{Ruby|飯|본}}
| meals, food
| 비빔밥 ({{Ruby|飯|본}})
|-
| {{Ruby|機|긔}}
| device, tool
| iPad = 애파드 ({{Ruby|機|긔}})
|-
| {{Ruby|義|위}}
| idea, movement
| ubuntu = 우분투 ({{Ruby|義|위}})
|-
| {{Ruby|構|곳}}
| building
| Burj Khalifa = 부르즈 카리파 ({{Ruby|構|곳}})
|}

===Demonstratives and indefinite===
Demonstratives occur in the {{Ruby|此|처}}, {{Ruby|其|기}}, and {{Ruby|彼|비}} series. The first (proximal) series refers to things closer to the speaker than the hearer, the medial series for things closer to the hearer, and the distal series for things distant to both the speaker and the hearer. With {{Ruby|何|하}}, demonstratives turn into the corresponding interrogative form.
{| class="bluetable" style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle; width:1100px;"
!
! Proximal ({{Ruby|此|처}})
! Medial ({{Ruby|其|기}})
! Distal ({{Ruby|彼|비}})
! Interrogative ({{Ruby|何|하}})
! Cyclic ({{Ruby|毎|뫼}})
! Existential ({{Ruby|某|못}})
! Universal ({{Ruby|皆|겨}})
|-
! Act ({{Ruby|事|지}}
| {{Ruby|此事|처지}} ''this''
| {{Ruby|其事|기지}} ''that''
| {{Ruby|彼事|비지}} ''yon''
| {{Ruby|何事|하지}} ''what''
| {{Ruby|毎事|뫼지}} ''for each''
| {{Ruby|某事|못지}} ''something''
| {{Ruby|皆事|겨지}} ''everything''
|-
! Object ({{Ruby|物|묻}})
| {{Ruby|此物|처묻}} ''this one''
| {{Ruby|其物|기묻}} ''that one''
| {{Ruby|彼物|비묻}} ''yon one''
| {{Ruby|何物|하묻}} ''which''
| {{Ruby|毎物|뫼묻}} ''for each one''
| {{Ruby|某物|못묻}} ''something''
| {{Ruby|皆物|겨묻}} ''everything''
|-
! Person ({{Ruby|人|닌}})
| {{Ruby|此人|처닌}} ''him/her''
| {{Ruby|其人|기닌}} ''him/her''
| {{Ruby|彼人|비닌}} ''him/her''
| {{Ruby|誰|셰}} ''who''
| {{Ruby|毎人|뫼닌}} ''per person''
| {{Ruby|某人|못닌}} ''someone''
| {{Ruby|皆人|겨닌}} ''everyone''
|-
! Place ({{Ruby|処|초}})
| {{Ruby|此処|처초}} ''here''
| {{Ruby|其処|기초}} ''there''
| {{Ruby|彼処|비초}} ''yonder''
| {{Ruby|何処|하초}} where
| {{Ruby|毎処|뫼초}} ''per place''
| {{Ruby|某処|못초}} ''somewhere''
| {{Ruby|皆処|겨초}} ''everywhere''
|-
! Time ({{Ruby|時|시}})
| {{Ruby|此時|처시}} ''now''
| {{Ruby|其時|기시}} ''then''
| {{Ruby|彼時|비시}} ''that other time''
| {{Ruby|何時|하시}} ''when''
| {{Ruby|毎時|뫼시}} ''per time''
| {{Ruby|某時|못시}} ''sometime''
| {{Ruby|皆時|겨시}} ''always''
|-
! Manner ({{Ruby|様|양}})
| {{Ruby|此様|처양}} ''in this manner''
| {{Ruby|其様|기양}} ''in that manner''
| {{Ruby|彼様|비양}} ''in that other manner''
| {{Ruby|何様|하영}} ''how''
| {{Ruby|毎様|뫼영}} ''each manner''
| {{Ruby|某様|못영}} ''somehow''
| {{Ruby|皆様|겨영}} ''in all ways''
|-
! Quantity ({{Ruby|多|다}})
| {{Ruby|此多|처다}} ''this many''
| {{Ruby|其多|기다}} ''that many''
| {{Ruby|彼多|비다}} ''yon many''
| {{Ruby|何多|하다}} ''how many''
| {{Ruby|毎多|뫼다}} ''per quantity''
| {{Ruby|某多|못다}} ''some amount''
| {{Ruby|皆多|겨다}} ''all amounts''
|-
! Kind ({{Ruby|類|뤼}})
| {{Ruby|此類|처뤼}} ''this kind''
| {{Ruby|其類|기뤼}} ''that kind''
| {{Ruby|彼類|비뤼}} ''yon kind''
| {{Ruby|何類|하뤼}} ''what kind''
| {{Ruby|毎類|뫼뤼}} ''totally''
| {{Ruby|某類|못뤼}} ''some kind''
| {{Ruby|皆類|겨뤼}} ''every king''
|}

== Lexica ==
{{Main|Dan'a'yo/Lexicography}}
Dan'a'yo forcibly limits the number of Chinese characters which can be used to around 3200. This is done by only drawing characters from the standard lists of each country (CJK). Characters that are inventions of anyone country as banned. Characters which are not common or strictly necessary are banned. Similar characters are sometimes lumped together, especially if they are obscure. The "weight" of any character is determined by its place in the following national lists:
* China: The [[単亜語/HSK|HSK]] (漢語水平考試). There are six sub-section to this list.
* Japan: The [[単亜語/常用|常用漢字]] (Jōyō), including 6 grades, a high school list, plus a name list. Most every character is allowed. We also include Extended Shinjitai.
* Korea: The [[単亜語/敎育用基礎漢字|敎育用基礎漢字]] (교육용 기초 한자), including middle school, and high school lists. The list of characters allowed in names is profligate (as more than one scholar has noted) and is often curtailed.
Each character is like a letter and may or may not be a word on its own. Characters which are not words have a two-character word which is deemed to be the same as the solo character. Every character – in theory, all 45,000 Chinese characters which have ever been used – is assigned to one of five categories:
# Common - ([[単亜語/常用字|常用字]]) These 1931 characters are the bedrock of the language and may be used freely. They are further divided into six levels, solely for the purpose of aiding learning.
# Variants - (異体字) These are disallowed ways of writing a given character, mainly arising from national and font differences. It is also a way of appropriating many, many additional characters into simply being aliases of established characters. Only the Shinjitai, listed form of the character is "correct".
# Advanced (先進字) These 276 characters are useful for situations when Dan'a'yo needs to function like a native language, and speak on any topic, but are considered extra learning. Their usage is restricted in international and cosmopolitan situations, which are intended to be maximally inclusive.
# Name (名字) These are 385 characters that detail the specific names of species and municipalities, which must always be safeguarded with a determiner, which identifies them as such.
# Illegal ([[単亜語/違法字|違法字]]) Finally, there are some characters which are the provenance of one country only, and are therefore ''banned'' in Dan'a'yo. There are about 372 of these, though most have been out of circulation for centuries, if they ever were.

As in every language, finding Chinese character is difficult. There is the ancient system of {{C|Radical}}s, but it can sometimes feel arbitrary where a character is recorded. A new system – which Dan'a'yo embraces – is the {{C|SKIP}} method of looking up characters.
=== Word lists ===
* [[単亜語/Swadesh]]

== Sample ==
* [[単亜語/四字成語]] - Four chapter stock phrases are used when common or ancient
=== Classical Texts ===
* 四書
*# [[単亜語/論語]] - The ''Analects'' of Confucius
*# [[単亜語/大学]] - ''Great Learning'' (not 'college!)
*# [[単亜語/中庸]] - The ''Doctrine of the Mean''
*# [[単亜語/孟子]] - ''Mencius''
* 五経
*# [[単亜語/詩経]]
*# [[単亜語/書経]]
*# [[単亜語/礼記]]
*# [[単亜語/易経]]
*# [[単亜語/春秋]]
* 西遊記
* [[単亜語/道徳経]] - The ''Tao Te Ching'', or 닷둑겅
* [[単亜語/孫子兵法]] - ''Sun Tzu's Art of War''
* [[単亜語/荘子]] - Zhuangzi
* [[単亜語/説苑]], 刺客列傳, 列女傳
=== Modern ===
* [[単亜語/218 sentences]] - Sentences to test syntax
* [[単亜語/英雄]] - ''Hero'' move subtitles
* [[単亜語/宣言書]] - Korean Declaration of Independence
* [[単亜語/玉音放送]] - The Emperor's broadcast ending WWII
* [[単亜語/出身論]] - "On Class Origins" is an article by Yu Luoke and published in January 1967 in the Journal of Middle-School Cultural Revolution.
* [[単亜語/射鵰三部曲]] - The Condor Trilogy by 金庸
* [[単亜語/聖経]] - The Bible would be translated, never transliterated

== Links ==
#[https://www.facebook.com/groups/cjkvauxlang/ CJKV Auxlang Facebook Group]

== References ==
<references />
== Bibliography ==
=== Linguistics ===
: Holm, John A. ''Pidgins and Creoles: Volume 1, Theory and Structure ''. Cambridge Language Surveys. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1988-1989.
: ---. ''Pidgins and Creoles: Volume 2, Reference Survey ''. Cambridge Language Surveys. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1988-1989.
: McWhorter, John. ''Language A to Z''. Columbia University. The Great Courses, 2013. CD and booklet.
=== Chinese ===
: Kroll, Paul W. ''A Student's Dictionary of Classical and Medieval Chinese''. Bilingual ed. Amersfoort, The Netherlands: Brill Academic Pub, 2014.
: Miller, Roy A. ''Dictionary of Spoken Chinese''. Taipei: Mei Ya Publications, 1966
: Rouzer, Paul. ''A New Practical Primer of Literary Chinese''. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Asia Center, 2007.
=== Japanese ===
: Vaccari, Orsete, and Mrs Enko Elisa Vaccari. ''Complete Course of Japanese Conversation-Grammar'' (Entirely Reset, Greatly Enlarged) 24th Edition. Japan: Dai Nippon Printing Company, 1973.
=== Korean ===
: Martin, Samuel E. ''Reference Grammar of Korean: a Complete Guide to the Grammar and History of the Korean Language.'' Revised, ed. Clarendon, VT: Tuttle Publishing, 2006.
: 新活用玉篇. Seoul, Korea: Dong-a Publishing and Printing Co., 1975
=== Language Construction ===
: Okrent, Arika. ''In the Land of Invented Languages: Adventures in Linguistic Creativity, Madness, and Genius''. New York: Spiegel & Grau, 2010.
: Rosenfelder, Mark. ''The Language Construction Kit''. Chicago: Yonagu Books, 2010.
: ---. ''The Planet Construction Kit''. Chicago: Yonagu Books, 2010.
: ---. ''Advanced Language Construction''. Chicago: Yonagu Books, 2012.
: ---. ''The Conlanger's Lexipedia''. Chicago: Yonagu Books, 2013.

[[Category:A posteriori‎]]
[[Category:Languages]]
[[Category:Auxlangs]]
[[Category:Universal Languages]]
[[Category:Dan'a'yo]]
{{Aquatiki}}

単亜語/先進字

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Aquatiki: remove

#REDIRECT [[User:Aquatiki]]

単亜語

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{{Infobox Universal Language
| color = #CDCB2B
| name = Dan'a'yo
| altname = 単亜語
| Writing System = 新字体
| region = East Asia
| genders =0
| cases = 0
| alignment =
| proto = [[w:Sinosphere]]
| Type = Analytic
| word-order = SVO
| child1 = [[w:Korean language]]
| child2 = [[w:Japanese language]]
| child3 = [[w:Chinese language]]
| child4 = [[w:Vietnamese language]]
| population = 1500
| flag =East asian flag.png
}}
{{Ruby|単亜語|단아요}} is a zonal auxlang<ref>http://conlangery.com/2013/01/14/conlangery-80-zonal-auxlangs/</ref> intended to be quickly learnable, readily comprehensible, and mutually communicative between persons of the [[w:East Asian cultural sphere|East Asian cultural sphere]]. It has an underlying foundation of Chinese characters for every word, with some glyphs being simplified according to the [[w:Shinjitai|{{Ruby|新字体|신지테}}]] standards of Japan. The Hangǔl alphabet is presented at the same time (whenever possible), and is also used for phonetic transcription. It is not [[w:Tone (linguistics)|tonal]], mostly [[w:Analytic language|analytic]], [[w:Subject–verb–object|SVO]], [[w:Topic-prominent language|topic-prominent]], uses [[w:Classifier (linguistics)|classifiers]], is [[w:Pro-drop language|pro-drop]], [[w:Zero copula|copula-drop]], and uses postpositions.

== Anthropology ==
{{Main|単亜語/Anthropology}}

Dan'a'yo returns a shared world of the [[w:East Asian cultural sphere]]. The ancient [[w:Imperial examination]] ({{Ruby|科挙|콰교}}) created a common experience across the region. Everyone read the same [[w:Chinese classics]] and learned the same law codes. Peoples from various language families were united and could communicate. With the advent of the internet and Unicode, there is an avenue for peaceful interaction, a reunification of shared cultural and linguistic norms. By taking [[w:Classical Chinese]] and updating it, Dan'a'yo can serve as a bridge for those who have drifted apart.

The language communities that Dan'a'yo seeks to incorporate and unify are Chinese, Japanese, Korean, and to a lesser extent, Vietnamese. Korea and Japan have long formed a sprachbund already, and have many calques and grammatical features in common. They even share some vocabulary. (There are those who think they are genetically related, but that has yet to be conclusively proven.) There will be some additional similarities that must occur with southern Sino-Tibetan languages, but that is not a design goal, merely a consequence. There is no proto-language which all our source languages are supposedly descended from. Our ancient form is Classical Chinese, which is well-known and actually exists in documented form.

=== Phonologies ===
Korean has a tense/lax system which is completely unknown to the others in the region. Japanese alone contrasts voiced/unvoiced, instead of aspirated/un-aspirated like the rest. The Chineses have contour tones which are much more complicated than JK pitch accent system. All these features must be ignored, as they have no common parallels. Korean has the most robust phonotactics, with CVC syllables allowing many kinds of consonants in the coda, and Cantonese is a close second. Mandarin has only /n/ and /ŋ/ in the coda. Japanese has gemination – which doubles the next voiceless stop, and a homorganic nasal – which can be /m/, /n/, or /ŋ~ɴ/. In short, a rough compromise is possible, with everyone having to learn ''something'', but nothing like what it would take to learn any other language.

Chinese characters have roughly stayed the same for 1,000 years, but some changes have crept in. The most overreaching is the Simplified characters of mainland China, which are utterly dependent upon Mandarin pronunciation and incompatible with the region as a whole. Korean uses ancient versions, which are sometimes grossly out of date and far more obtuse than what others write. A strong, compromise position is to use Japanese Shinjitai, which has mild updates and simplifications to some characters. A phonetic alphabet is hard to agree upon. Japanese hiragana and katakana are not capable of indicating precise coda consonants. Korean Hangǔl is generally well-suited, though one coda off-glide requires abuse of notation.

Multilingual dictionary sources – such as Wiktionary – already document much of the vocabulary in common across the Far East Asian region. Selection of a limited number of Chinese characters must involve a kind of voting process. Japan is well-positioned to begin education of Dan'a'yo at an early age. Korean politics are unfortunately embroiled over a senseless debate about the national character of learning Chinese characters, a holdover from the war and the product of pride. Chinese standard education frowns upon teaching grammar, but there is a revival of Classical education. Many teaching resources are still needed.

== Phonology ==
{{PAGENAME}} has 5 vowels and 16 consonants.

{| class="bluetable lightbluebg " style="width: 700px; text-align: center;"
|+'''{{PAGENAME}} Consonants'''
|-
! colspan="5"|Consonants
|-
!
! Labial
! Alveolar
! Palatal
! Velar
|- align="center"
!Nasals
|'''ㅁ''' /m/
|
|'''ㄴ ''' /n/
|'''ㅇ''' /ŋ/
|-
! Aspirates
|'''ㅍ''' /pʰ/
|'''ㅌ''' /tʰ/
| '''ㅊ''' /t͡ɕʰ~cʰ/
|'''ㅋ''' /kʰ/
|-
! Voiced
| '''ㅂ''' /b~p/
| '''ㄷ''' /d~t/
| '''ㅈ''' /dʑ~tɕ/
| '''ㄱ''' /g~k/
|-
!Fricatives
|
| colspan="2" | '''ㅅ''' /s ~ ɕ/
|'''ㅎ''' /h ~ ɦ ~ x/
|-
! Sonorants
|''w'' /w/
|'''ㄹ''' /l ~ ɾ/
|''y''/j/
|
|}
(W and Y are achieved with special glyphs.) While there is a great deal of consonantal allophony (see the table), every language's speaker will experience some sounds as difficult, especially in achieving consistency.

{| class="bluetable lightbluebg " style="width: 500px; text-align: center;"
|+'''{{PAGENAME}} Vowels'''
|-
! colspan="4"|Vowels
|-
!
! Front
! Central
! Back
|-
! High
| '''이''' /i ~ ɪ/
|
| '''우''' /u ~ ɯ/
|-
! Mid
| '''어''' /e ~ e̞/
|
| '''오''' /o ~ o̞/
|-
! Low
| colspan="3" | '''아''' /a ~ ä/
|}
Again, a great deal of tolerance is required when listening to others. Non-Mandarin speakers will have the hardest time being patient with Chinese vowels, but accents are part of being international! Long vowels do not exist, per se, even if the Latin transcription appears as though they do. 웃/'uu and 의/'ii are actually said as /uʊ/, /uu̵/, or /uǝ/; and /iǝ/ or /ii̵/ respectively. Additionally, there is an epenthetic vowel, which varies considerably among the target nations. It's written as 으 and transcribed as ǔ, and it may be pronounced /ɯ/, /ɯβ/, /ɨ/, /ǝ/, or /ʊ/. This is only used in transcribing foreign words.

=== Tone/Prosody ===
Even for speakers of a tonal language, learning a new set of tones is difficult. Therefore, syllabic tones are not phonemic in Dan'a'yo. However, to easy listening and to distinguish the boundaries between words, the following intonation principles are used:

* The main (finite) verb of an utterance should be the highest point of it.
* The head of a phrase should be the highest point of it.
* The main vowel of a syllable should be the highest point of it.
* The first character's syllable of a compound word should be the highest point of it.

This can be helpful in distinguishing {{Ruby|大|대}} {{Ruby|学生|학상}} 'big student' from {{Ruby|大学生|대학상}} 'college student', as the first is H HL, while the second is HLL.

Pitch cannot be used to indicate a question. Please use the SFP {{Ruby|乎|호}} to make a polar-question.

=== Phonotactics ===
Maximally, a Dan'a'yo syllable consists of an ONSET consonant, an ON-GLIDE, a VOWEL, and an OFF-GLIDE or CODA CONSONANT. The ONSET can be ø or any consonant except ŋ, the ON-GLIDE can be ø, y, or w, the VOWEL must exist, and the CODA CONSONANT can be ø, y, w, b, d, g, m, n, or ng. Each syllable has no effect upon the next.

For a complete chart of all possible Hanmun syllables, see [[単亜語/Syllables]].

== Syntax ==
Like Chinese and Vietnamese (and unlike Japanese and Korean), {{PAGENAME}} is SVO, subject-verb-object. The subject of an intransitive verb and the actor of transitive verb come early in the sentence (before the verb), and the accusative argument must come after. There are no particles to mark subject or object.

{| class="bluetable"
! Relationship
! Particle
! English
! Mandarin
! Cantonese
! Japanese
! Korean
! Vietnamese
|-
! Topic
|
| as for
| -
| -
| は wa
| 은/는 (n)ǔn
| cái
|-
! Vocative
| {{Ruby|哉|재}}
| O
|
| ya
| yeo
| 야
|-
! Dative
| {{Ruby|于|우}}
| to
| -
| -
| に
| 에게
| đến
|-
! Genitive
| {{Ruby|之|티}}
| of
| 的
| 嘅
| の
| 의
| của
|-
! Instrumental
| {{Ruby|以|이}}
| by
| 用
| 用
| で
| 로/으로
|
|-
! Locative
| {{Ruby|於|오}}
| in, on, at
| 在
| 喺
| に
| 에
|
|-
! Comitative
| {{Ruby|共|굥}}
| together with
|
|
|
|
|
|-
! Assoc. Pl.
| {{Ruby|等|둥}}
| et. al.
| 們
| 哋
| たち
| 들
| tôi/tao/
|-
! colspan="9"|
|-
! Perfective
| {{Ruby|已|이}}
| -ed
| 了
| 咗
| た/だ
| 았/었
| đã
|-
! Progressive
| {{Ruby|中|중}}
| -ing
|
|
|
| 아/어
|
|-
! colspan="9"|
|-
! Nominalizer
| {{Ruby|物|묻}}
| -ed
|
|
|
|
|
|-
! Nominalizer
| {{Ruby|事|지}}
| -ing
|
|
| こと
| ~기, ~는 것, ~음/ㅁ
|
|-
! Adnominalizer
| {{Ruby|之|티}}
|
|
|
| の
| 의
|
|-
! Adverbializer
| {{Ruby|様|양}}
| -ly
| 地/一點/得
|
| く/に
| -히/-게
|
|-
! colspan="9"|
|-
! NP And
| {{Ruby|与|오}}
| and
| 和 hé
| 及 kap6
| と
| 와/과
| và
|-
! VP And
| {{Ruby|而|니}}
| and
| 以及/yǐjí
|
| そして
| 그리고
| và
|}

===Sentence Final Particles===

=== Pronouns ===
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align: left; float:left; "
! colspan="2" |
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! rowspan="3" |Casual
! First
| {{Ruby|我|아}}
| {{Ruby|我等|아둥}}
|-
! Second
| {{Ruby|君|군}}
| {{Ruby|君等|군둥}}
|}

 

=== Classifiers ===
Counting is not done with numerals as adjectives ''before'' the noun phrase, but with special classifiers + numerals ''after'' the noun phrase, as ''adverbs''.
{| class="bluetable"
! Classifier
! Use
|-
| {{Ruby|人|닌}}
| people (general)
|-
| {{Ruby|名|밍}}
| people (polite)
|-
| {{Ruby|台|대}}
| machines (computers, cars, etc)
|-
| {{Ruby|匹|핃}}
| animals (all animals, worms, fish, horses, etc.)
|-
| {{Ruby|冊|착}}
| books, magazines, etc.
|-
| {{Ruby|杯|뵈}}
| cups of some drink
|-
| {{Ruby|枚|뫼}}
| flat objects (pizzas, paper, etc.)
|-
| {{Ruby|条|조}}
| long objects (pencils, noodles, etc.)
|-
| {{Ruby|段|돤}}
| periods of time (seconds, years, ages, etc.)
|-
| {{Ruby|束|쇽}}
| bundles (groups, bouquets, bales, etc.)
|-
| 個 ''ka''
| anything else
|}

Plants, animals and things that may have hanji beyond our corpus or are nation-specific, should be spelled out phonetically, but appended with a "determiner", a hanji that shows what class of being the creature is. This is helpful, as it gives a hint to those unfamiliar with the being.
{| class="bluetable"
! Determiner
! Use
! Example
|-
| {{Ruby|阿|아}}
| name, endonym
| {{Ruby|盧|로}}{{Ruby|泰愚|태우}} {{Ruby|是|서}} "노터우" ({{Ruby|阿|아}})
|-
| {{Ruby|蛙|와}}
| amphibians
| {{Ruby|蠑螈|용원}} ({{Ruby|蛙|와}})
|-
| {{Ruby|鳥|촛}}
| birds
| Japanese quail ウズラ = 우주라 ({{Ruby|鳥|촛}})
|-
| {{Ruby|魚|요}}
| fish
| ネコギギ = 너코기기 ({{Ruby|魚|요}})
|-
| {{Ruby|虫|중}}
| invertebrates, bugs, snakes
| {{Ruby|蛞蝓|칻유}} ({{Ruby|虫|중}})
|-
| {{Ruby|獣|슈}}
| mammals
| {{Ruby|狐猿|호온}} ({{Ruby|獣|슈}})
|-
| {{Ruby|龍|룡}}
| reptiles
| {{Ruby|暴龍|복룡}} = 티란노삿루스 ({{Ruby|龍|룡}})
|-
| {{Ruby|花|화}}
| flowers
| Venus flytrap = 디오나어아 ({{Ruby|花|화}})
|-
| {{Ruby|草|찻}}
| grass, herb
| basil = 바지르 ({{Ruby|草|찻}})
|-
| {{Ruby|木|목}}
| trees, bushes
| redwood = 서쾨아 ({{Ruby|木|목}})
|-
! colspan="3"|
|-
| {{Ruby|服|북}}
| clothes
| きもの = 키모노 ({{Ruby|服|북}})
|-
| {{Ruby|飯|본}}
| meals, food
| 비빔밥 ({{Ruby|飯|본}})
|-
| {{Ruby|機|긔}}
| device, tool
| iPad = 애파드 ({{Ruby|機|긔}})
|-
| {{Ruby|義|위}}
| idea, movement
| ubuntu = 우분투 ({{Ruby|義|위}})
|-
| {{Ruby|構|곳}}
| building
| Burj Khalifa = 부르즈 카리파 ({{Ruby|構|곳}})
|}

===Demonstratives and indefinite===
Demonstratives occur in the {{Ruby|此|처}}, {{Ruby|其|기}}, and {{Ruby|彼|비}} series. The first (proximal) series refers to things closer to the speaker than the hearer, the medial series for things closer to the hearer, and the distal series for things distant to both the speaker and the hearer. With {{Ruby|何|하}}, demonstratives turn into the corresponding interrogative form.
{| class="bluetable" style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle; width:1100px;"
!
! Proximal ({{Ruby|此|처}})
! Medial ({{Ruby|其|기}})
! Distal ({{Ruby|彼|비}})
! Interrogative ({{Ruby|何|하}})
! Cyclic ({{Ruby|毎|뫼}})
! Existential ({{Ruby|某|못}})
! Universal ({{Ruby|皆|겨}})
|-
! Act ({{Ruby|事|지}}
| {{Ruby|此事|처지}} ''this''
| {{Ruby|其事|기지}} ''that''
| {{Ruby|彼事|비지}} ''yon''
| {{Ruby|何事|하지}} ''what''
| {{Ruby|毎事|뫼지}} ''for each''
| {{Ruby|某事|못지}} ''something''
| {{Ruby|皆事|겨지}} ''everything''
|-
! Object ({{Ruby|物|묻}})
| {{Ruby|此物|처묻}} ''this one''
| {{Ruby|其物|기묻}} ''that one''
| {{Ruby|彼物|비묻}} ''yon one''
| {{Ruby|何物|하묻}} ''which''
| {{Ruby|毎物|뫼묻}} ''for each one''
| {{Ruby|某物|못묻}} ''something''
| {{Ruby|皆物|겨묻}} ''everything''
|-
! Person ({{Ruby|人|닌}})
| {{Ruby|此人|처닌}} ''him/her''
| {{Ruby|其人|기닌}} ''him/her''
| {{Ruby|彼人|비닌}} ''him/her''
| {{Ruby|誰|셰}} ''who''
| {{Ruby|毎人|뫼닌}} ''per person''
| {{Ruby|某人|못닌}} ''someone''
| {{Ruby|皆人|겨닌}} ''everyone''
|-
! Place ({{Ruby|処|초}})
| {{Ruby|此処|처초}} ''here''
| {{Ruby|其処|기초}} ''there''
| {{Ruby|彼処|비초}} ''yonder''
| {{Ruby|何処|하초}} where
| {{Ruby|毎処|뫼초}} ''per place''
| {{Ruby|某処|못초}} ''somewhere''
| {{Ruby|皆処|겨초}} ''everywhere''
|-
! Time ({{Ruby|時|시}})
| {{Ruby|此時|처시}} ''now''
| {{Ruby|其時|기시}} ''then''
| {{Ruby|彼時|비시}} ''that other time''
| {{Ruby|何時|하시}} ''when''
| {{Ruby|毎時|뫼시}} ''per time''
| {{Ruby|某時|못시}} ''sometime''
| {{Ruby|皆時|겨시}} ''always''
|-
! Manner ({{Ruby|様|양}})
| {{Ruby|此様|처양}} ''in this manner''
| {{Ruby|其様|기양}} ''in that manner''
| {{Ruby|彼様|비양}} ''in that other manner''
| {{Ruby|何様|하영}} ''how''
| {{Ruby|毎様|뫼영}} ''each manner''
| {{Ruby|某様|못영}} ''somehow''
| {{Ruby|皆様|겨영}} ''in all ways''
|-
! Quantity ({{Ruby|多|다}})
| {{Ruby|此多|처다}} ''this many''
| {{Ruby|其多|기다}} ''that many''
| {{Ruby|彼多|비다}} ''yon many''
| {{Ruby|何多|하다}} ''how many''
| {{Ruby|毎多|뫼다}} ''per quantity''
| {{Ruby|某多|못다}} ''some amount''
| {{Ruby|皆多|겨다}} ''all amounts''
|-
! Kind ({{Ruby|類|뤼}})
| {{Ruby|此類|처뤼}} ''this kind''
| {{Ruby|其類|기뤼}} ''that kind''
| {{Ruby|彼類|비뤼}} ''yon kind''
| {{Ruby|何類|하뤼}} ''what kind''
| {{Ruby|毎類|뫼뤼}} ''totally''
| {{Ruby|某類|못뤼}} ''some kind''
| {{Ruby|皆類|겨뤼}} ''every king''
|}

== Lexica ==
{{Main|Dan'a'yo/Lexicography}}
Dan'a'yo forcibly limits the number of Chinese characters which can be used to around 3200. This is done by only drawing characters from the standard lists of each country (CJK). Characters that are inventions of anyone country as banned. Characters which are not common or strictly necessary are banned. Similar characters are sometimes lumped together, especially if they are obscure. The "weight" of any character is determined by its place in the following national lists:
* China: The [[単亜語/HSK|HSK]] (漢語水平考試). There are six sub-section to this list.
* Japan: The [[単亜語/常用|常用漢字]] (Jōyō), including 6 grades, a high school list, plus a name list. Most every character is allowed. We also include Extended Shinjitai.
* Korea: The [[単亜語/敎育用基礎漢字|敎育用基礎漢字]] (교육용 기초 한자), including middle school, and high school lists. The list of characters allowed in names is profligate (as more than one scholar has noted) and is often curtailed.
Each character is like a letter and may or may not be a word on its own. Characters which are not words have a two-character word which is deemed to be the same as the solo character. Every character – in theory, all 45,000 Chinese characters which have ever been used – is assigned to one of five categories:
# Common - ([[単亜語/常用字|常用字]]) These 1931 characters are the bedrock of the language and may be used freely. They are further divided into six levels, solely for the purpose of aiding learning.
# Variants - (異体字) These are disallowed ways of writing a given character, mainly arising from national and font differences. It is also a way of appropriating many, many additional characters into simply being aliases of established characters. Only the Shinjitai, listed form of the character is "correct".
# Advanced ([[単亜語/先進字|先進字]]) These 276 characters are useful for situations when Dan'a'yo needs to function like a native language, and speak on any topic, but are considered extra learning. Their usage is restricted in international and cosmopolitan situations, which are intended to be maximally inclusive.
# Name (名字) These are 385 characters that detail the specific names of species and municipalities, which must always be safeguarded with a determiner, which identifies them as such.
# Illegal ([[単亜語/違法字|違法字]]) Finally, there are some characters which are the provenance of one country only, and are therefore ''banned'' in Dan'a'yo. There are about 372 of these, though most have been out of circulation for centuries, if they ever were.

As in every language, finding Chinese character is difficult. There is the ancient system of {{C|Radical}}s, but it can sometimes feel arbitrary where a character is recorded. A new system – which Dan'a'yo embraces – is the {{C|SKIP}} method of looking up characters.
=== Word lists ===
* [[単亜語/Swadesh]]

== Sample ==
* [[単亜語/四字成語]] - Four chapter stock phrases are used when common or ancient
=== Classical Texts ===
* 四書
*# [[単亜語/論語]] - The ''Analects'' of Confucius
*# [[単亜語/大学]] - ''Great Learning'' (not 'college!)
*# [[単亜語/中庸]] - The ''Doctrine of the Mean''
*# [[単亜語/孟子]] - ''Mencius''
* 五経
*# [[単亜語/詩経]]
*# [[単亜語/書経]]
*# [[単亜語/礼記]]
*# [[単亜語/易経]]
*# [[単亜語/春秋]]
* 西遊記
* [[単亜語/道徳経]] - The ''Tao Te Ching'', or 닷둑겅
* [[単亜語/孫子兵法]] - ''Sun Tzu's Art of War''
* [[単亜語/荘子]] - Zhuangzi
* [[単亜語/説苑]], 刺客列傳, 列女傳
=== Modern ===
* [[単亜語/218 sentences]] - Sentences to test syntax
* [[単亜語/英雄]] - ''Hero'' move subtitles
* [[単亜語/宣言書]] - Korean Declaration of Independence
* [[単亜語/玉音放送]] - The Emperor's broadcast ending WWII
* [[単亜語/出身論]] - "On Class Origins" is an article by Yu Luoke and published in January 1967 in the Journal of Middle-School Cultural Revolution.
* [[単亜語/射鵰三部曲]] - The Condor Trilogy by 金庸
* [[単亜語/聖経]] - The Bible would be translated, never transliterated

== Links ==
#[https://www.facebook.com/groups/cjkvauxlang/ CJKV Auxlang Facebook Group]

== References ==
<references />
== Bibliography ==
=== Linguistics ===
: Holm, John A. ''Pidgins and Creoles: Volume 1, Theory and Structure ''. Cambridge Language Surveys. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1988-1989.
: ---. ''Pidgins and Creoles: Volume 2, Reference Survey ''. Cambridge Language Surveys. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1988-1989.
: McWhorter, John. ''Language A to Z''. Columbia University. The Great Courses, 2013. CD and booklet.
=== Chinese ===
: Kroll, Paul W. ''A Student's Dictionary of Classical and Medieval Chinese''. Bilingual ed. Amersfoort, The Netherlands: Brill Academic Pub, 2014.
: Miller, Roy A. ''Dictionary of Spoken Chinese''. Taipei: Mei Ya Publications, 1966
: Rouzer, Paul. ''A New Practical Primer of Literary Chinese''. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Asia Center, 2007.
=== Japanese ===
: Vaccari, Orsete, and Mrs Enko Elisa Vaccari. ''Complete Course of Japanese Conversation-Grammar'' (Entirely Reset, Greatly Enlarged) 24th Edition. Japan: Dai Nippon Printing Company, 1973.
=== Korean ===
: Martin, Samuel E. ''Reference Grammar of Korean: a Complete Guide to the Grammar and History of the Korean Language.'' Revised, ed. Clarendon, VT: Tuttle Publishing, 2006.
: 新活用玉篇. Seoul, Korea: Dong-a Publishing and Printing Co., 1975
=== Language Construction ===
: Okrent, Arika. ''In the Land of Invented Languages: Adventures in Linguistic Creativity, Madness, and Genius''. New York: Spiegel & Grau, 2010.
: Rosenfelder, Mark. ''The Language Construction Kit''. Chicago: Yonagu Books, 2010.
: ---. ''The Planet Construction Kit''. Chicago: Yonagu Books, 2010.
: ---. ''Advanced Language Construction''. Chicago: Yonagu Books, 2012.
: ---. ''The Conlanger's Lexipedia''. Chicago: Yonagu Books, 2013.

[[Category:A posteriori‎]]
[[Category:Languages]]
[[Category:Auxlangs]]
[[Category:Universal Languages]]
[[Category:Dan'a'yo]]
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単亜語/名字

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#REDIRECT [[User:Aquatiki]]

Contionary:Radical/2

2026-01-24T00:25:19Z

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Contionary:Radical/11

2026-01-24T00:23:17Z

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Contionary:SKIP/1/7/7

2026-01-24T00:16:28Z

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Contionary:SKIP/1/7

2026-01-23T21:33:59Z

Aquatiki: removing

#REDIRECT [[User:Aquatiki]]

単亜語/常用字/1

2026-01-23T21:30:08Z

Aquatiki: tag

<div style="column-count:10">
# {{Ruby|{{C|一}}|읻}},
# {{Ruby|{{C|七}}|칟}},
# {{Ruby|{{C|十}}|십}}*,
# {{Ruby|{{C|九}}|규}},
# {{Ruby|{{C|入}}|닙}},
# {{Ruby|{{C|刀}}|탓}},
# {{Ruby|{{C|二}}|늬}},
# {{Ruby|{{C|力}}|릭}},
# {{Ruby|{{C|八}}|받}},
# {{Ruby|{{C|人}}|닌}},
# {{Ruby|{{C|子}}|지}},
# {{Ruby|{{C|之}}|티}},
# {{Ruby|{{C|已}}|이}},
# {{Ruby|{{C|与}}|요}},
# {{Ruby|{{C|大}}|대}},
# {{Ruby|{{C|三}}|삼}},
# {{Ruby|{{C|才}}|재}},
# {{Ruby|{{C|千}}|천}}*,
# {{Ruby|{{C|万}}|몬}}*,
# {{Ruby|{{C|山}}|산}},
# {{Ruby|{{C|上}}|샹}},
# {{Ruby|{{C|于}}|우}},
# {{Ruby|{{C|小}}|소}},
# {{Ruby|{{C|口}}|콧}},
# {{Ruby|{{C|女}}|뇻}},
# {{Ruby|{{C|下}}|하}},
# {{Ruby|{{C|土}}|토}},
# {{Ruby|{{C|太}}|태}},
# {{Ruby|{{C|友}}|윳}},
# {{Ruby|{{C|内}}|뇌}},
# {{Ruby|{{C|中}}|중}},
# {{Ruby|{{C|水}}|수}},
# {{Ruby|{{C|父}}|부}},
# {{Ruby|{{C|今}}|김}},
# {{Ruby|{{C|毛}}|맛}},
# {{Ruby|{{C|火}}|화}},
# {{Ruby|{{C|犬}}|퀀}},
# {{Ruby|{{C|手}}|슈}},
# {{Ruby|{{C|牛}}|뉴}},
# {{Ruby|{{C|午}}|오}},
# {{Ruby|{{C|文}}|문}},
# {{Ruby|{{C|天}}|턴}},
# {{Ruby|{{C|木}}|목}},
# {{Ruby|{{C|分}}|분}},
# {{Ruby|{{C|五}}|오}},
# {{Ruby|{{C|王}}|왕}},
# {{Ruby|{{C|月}}|웓}},
# {{Ruby|{{C|日}}|닏}},
# {{Ruby|{{C|六}}|룩}},
# {{Ruby|{{C|元}}|원}},
# {{Ruby|{{C|少}}|솟}},
# {{Ruby|{{C|心}}|심}},
# {{Ruby|{{C|出}}|춛}},
# {{Ruby|{{C|市}}|시}},
# {{Ruby|{{C|北}}|북}},
# {{Ruby|{{C|目}}|묵}},
# {{Ruby|{{C|田}}|던}},
# {{Ruby|{{C|本}}|본}},
# {{Ruby|{{C|他}}|타}},
# {{Ruby|{{C|冬}}|통}},
# {{Ruby|{{C|去}}|쿄}},
# {{Ruby|{{C|右}}|유}}*,
# {{Ruby|{{C|世}}|서}},
# {{Ruby|{{C|打}}|다}},
# {{Ruby|{{C|石}}|석}},
# {{Ruby|{{C|玉}}|욕}},
# {{Ruby|{{C|号}}|핫}}*,
# {{Ruby|{{C|外}}|왜}},
# {{Ruby|{{C|用}}|용}},
# {{Ruby|{{C|半}}|반}}*,
# {{Ruby|{{C|白}}|박}},
# {{Ruby|{{C|主}}|주}}*,
# {{Ruby|{{C|立}}|립}},
# {{Ruby|{{C|母}}|못}},
# {{Ruby|{{C|正}}|징}},
# {{Ruby|{{C|左}}|자}},
# {{Ruby|{{C|四}}|싀}},
# {{Ruby|{{C|生}}|상}},
# {{Ruby|{{C|竹}}|죽}},
# {{Ruby|{{C|毎}}|뫼}},
# {{Ruby|{{C|気}}|킈}},
# {{Ruby|{{C|年}}|넌}},
# {{Ruby|{{C|肉}}|눅}},
# {{Ruby|{{C|多}}|다}},
# {{Ruby|{{C|休}}|휴}}*,
# {{Ruby|{{C|字}}|지}},
# {{Ruby|{{C|糸}}|사}},
# {{Ruby|{{C|回}}|회}},
# {{Ruby|{{C|次}}|츼}},
# {{Ruby|{{C|先}}|선}},
# {{Ruby|{{C|会}}|훠}},
# {{Ruby|{{C|米}}|메}},
# {{Ruby|{{C|耳}}|니}},
# {{Ruby|{{C|地}}|듸}},
# {{Ruby|{{C|有}}|유}},
# {{Ruby|{{C|当}}|당}},
# {{Ruby|{{C|行}}|항}},
# {{Ruby|{{C|両}}|량}},
# {{Ruby|{{C|死}}|싀}},
# {{Ruby|{{C|虫}}|중}},
# {{Ruby|{{C|向}}|향}},
# {{Ruby|{{C|名}}|밍}},
# {{Ruby|{{C|西}}|세}},
# {{Ruby|{{C|全}}|줜}},
# {{Ruby|{{C|灯}}|둥}},
# {{Ruby|{{C|羊}}|양}},
# {{Ruby|{{C|百}}|박}}*,
# {{Ruby|{{C|交}}|걋}},
# {{Ruby|{{C|早}}|잣}},
# {{Ruby|{{C|足}}|족}},
# {{Ruby|{{C|走}}|좃}},
# {{Ruby|{{C|売}}|매}},
# {{Ruby|{{C|里}}|리}},
# {{Ruby|{{C|車}}|차}},
# {{Ruby|{{C|近}}|긴}},
# {{Ruby|{{C|弟}}|더}},
# {{Ruby|{{C|花}}|화}},
# {{Ruby|{{C|村}}|촌}},
# {{Ruby|{{C|住}}|주}}*,
# {{Ruby|{{C|何}}|하}},
# {{Ruby|{{C|男}}|남}},
# {{Ruby|{{C|作}}|작}},
# {{Ruby|{{C|対}}|되}},
# {{Ruby|{{C|究}}|규}},
# {{Ruby|{{C|君}}|군}},
# {{Ruby|{{C|見}}|견}},
# {{Ruby|{{C|声}}|싱}},
# {{Ruby|{{C|事}}|지}},
# {{Ruby|{{C|放}}|방}}*,
# {{Ruby|{{C|表}}|뱟}},
# {{Ruby|{{C|所}}|쇼}},
# {{Ruby|{{C|妹}}|뫼}},
# {{Ruby|{{C|国}}|곡}}*,
# {{Ruby|{{C|明}}|명}},
# {{Ruby|{{C|東}}|동}},
# {{Ruby|{{C|育}}|육}},
# {{Ruby|{{C|長}}|장}},
# {{Ruby|{{C|於}}|오}},
# {{Ruby|{{C|姉}}|자}},
# {{Ruby|{{C|学}}|학}},
# {{Ruby|{{C|雨}}|우}},
# {{Ruby|{{C|門}}|몬}},
# {{Ruby|{{C|苦}}|코}},
# {{Ruby|{{C|空}}|콩}},
# {{Ruby|{{C|使}}|시}},
# {{Ruby|{{C|知}}|쥐}},
# {{Ruby|{{C|夜}}|야}},
# {{Ruby|{{C|注}}|주}},
# {{Ruby|{{C|彼}}|비}},
# {{Ruby|{{C|画}}|확}},
# {{Ruby|{{C|幸}}|항}},
# {{Ruby|{{C|林}}|림}},
# {{Ruby|{{C|金}}|김}},
# {{Ruby|{{C|青}}|청}},
# {{Ruby|{{C|和}}|화}}*,
# {{Ruby|{{C|秋}}|춧}},
# {{Ruby|{{C|重}}|총}},
# {{Ruby|{{C|度}}|도}},
# {{Ruby|{{C|送}}|송}},
# {{Ruby|{{C|音}}|움}},
# {{Ruby|{{C|思}}|사}},
# {{Ruby|{{C|発}}|팓}},
# {{Ruby|{{C|研}}|언}},
# {{Ruby|{{C|活}}|홛}},
# {{Ruby|{{C|急}}|깁}},
# {{Ruby|{{C|春}}|춘}},
# {{Ruby|{{C|相}}|상}},
# {{Ruby|{{C|持}}|디}},
# {{Ruby|{{C|草}}|찻}},
# {{Ruby|{{C|海}}|해}},
# {{Ruby|{{C|後}}|홋}},
# {{Ruby|{{C|南}}|남}},
# {{Ruby|{{C|指}}|즤}}*,
# {{Ruby|{{C|哉}}|재}},
# {{Ruby|{{C|某}}|못}},
# {{Ruby|{{C|皆}}|겨}},
# {{Ruby|{{C|風}}|풍}},
# {{Ruby|{{C|点}}|덤}},
# {{Ruby|{{C|前}}|전}},
# {{Ruby|{{C|流}}|류}},
# {{Ruby|{{C|病}}|병}},
# {{Ruby|{{C|馬}}|마}},
# {{Ruby|{{C|庭}}|덩}},
# {{Ruby|{{C|高}}|갓}},
# {{Ruby|{{C|夏}}|햐}},
# {{Ruby|{{C|起}}|키}},
# {{Ruby|{{C|通}}|통}},
# {{Ruby|{{C|校}}|햣}},
# {{Ruby|{{C|家}}|가}},
# {{Ruby|{{C|紙}}|저}},
# {{Ruby|{{C|根}}|간}},
# {{Ruby|{{C|真}}|진}},
# {{Ruby|{{C|酒}}|줏}},
# {{Ruby|{{C|書}}|쇼}},
# {{Ruby|{{C|記}}|기}},
# {{Ruby|{{C|黒}}|훅}}
# {{Ruby|{{C|雪}}|숻}},
# {{Ruby|{{C|第}}|데}},
# {{Ruby|{{C|動}}|동}},
# {{Ruby|{{C|習}}|십}},
# {{Ruby|{{C|問}}|문}}*,
# {{Ruby|{{C|深}}|심}},
# {{Ruby|{{C|族}}|족}},
# {{Ruby|{{C|船}}|줜}},
# {{Ruby|{{C|進}}|진}},
# {{Ruby|{{C|宿}}|숙}},
# {{Ruby|{{C|魚}}|요}},
# {{Ruby|{{C|都}}|도}},
# {{Ruby|{{C|教}}|걋}},
# {{Ruby|{{C|黄}}|황}},
# {{Ruby|{{C|章}}|장}},
# {{Ruby|{{C|細}}|세}},
# {{Ruby|{{C|軽}}|킹}},
# {{Ruby|{{C|朝}}|잣}},
# {{Ruby|{{C|短}}|돤}},
# {{Ruby|{{C|開}}|캐}},
# {{Ruby|{{C|雲}}|운}},
# {{Ruby|{{C|筆}}|빋}},
# {{Ruby|{{C|湖}}|호}},
# {{Ruby|{{C|集}}|집}},
# {{Ruby|{{C|等}}|둥}},
# {{Ruby|{{C|場}}|장}},
# {{Ruby|{{C|晴}}|칭}},
# {{Ruby|{{C|道}}|닷}},
# {{Ruby|{{C|間}}|간}},
# {{Ruby|{{C|買}}|매}},
# {{Ruby|{{C|着}}|작}},
# {{Ruby|{{C|新}}|신}},
# {{Ruby|{{C|圓}}|원}},
# {{Ruby|{{C|話}}|홰}},
# {{Ruby|{{C|漢}}|한}},
# {{Ruby|{{C|路}}|로}},
# {{Ruby|{{C|電}}|던}},
# {{Ruby|{{C|想}}|상}},
# {{Ruby|{{C|数}}|수}},
# {{Ruby|{{C|業}}|업}},
# {{Ruby|{{C|農}}|농}}*,
# {{Ruby|{{C|意}}|이}},
# {{Ruby|{{C|遠}}|온}},
# {{Ruby|{{C|頗}}|파}},
# {{Ruby|{{C|算}}|솬}},
# {{Ruby|{{C|語}}|요}},
# {{Ruby|{{C|歌}}|가}},
# {{Ruby|{{C|読}}|독}},
# {{Ruby|{{C|緑}}|록}},
# {{Ruby|{{C|談}}|담}},
# {{Ruby|{{C|橋}}|걋}},
# {{Ruby|{{C|頭}}|톳}},
# {{Ruby|{{C|薬}}|약}},
# {{Ruby|{{C|顔}}|안}}*.
</div>
{{Aquatiki}}

Contionary:venir

2026-01-17T19:03:51Z

Aquatiki: Created page with "== Intralingua == === Etymology === From Latin wikt:venio, from Proto-Italic *gʷənjō, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷm̥yéti, from zero-grade of *gʷem- + *-yéti. === Pronunciation === (''Intralingua'') IPA: /veˈniɾ/ ===Verb=== # to come (intransitive) {{Aquatiki}} Category:Intralingua words Category:Intralingua verbs Category:Contionary"

== [[Intralingua]] ==

=== Etymology ===
From Latin [[wikt:venio]], from Proto-Italic *gʷənjō, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷm̥yéti, from zero-grade of *gʷem- + *-yéti.

=== Pronunciation ===
(''Intralingua'') [[Guide:IPA|IPA]]: /veˈniɾ/

===Verb===
# to come (intransitive)

{{Aquatiki}}
[[Category:Intralingua words]] [[Category:Intralingua verbs]] [[Category:Contionary]]

Interlingua/Swadesh

2026-01-17T19:00:58Z

Aquatiki: link venir

[[wiktionary:Appendix:Interlingua Swadesh list]] || [[wiktionary:Appendix:Romance Swadesh lists]]

{| class="wikitable"
! No||English||Latin||Portuguese||Spanish||French||Italian||Romanian||Interlingua
|-
| 1||I||ego||eu||yo||je||io||eu|| {{term|io}}
|-
| 2||you||tū||tu||tú||tu||tu||tu|| {{term|tu}}
|-
| 3||he||is, ille ||ele||él||il||lui||el|| {{term|ille}}
|-
| 4||we||nōs, nostrī ||nós||nosotros||nous||noi||noi|| {{term|nos}}
|-
| 5||you||vōs , vestrī||vós||vosotros||vous||voi||voi|| {{term|vos}}
|-
| 6||they|| iīm, eaef||elesm, elasf||ellosm, ellasf||ilsm, ellesf||loro||eim, elef|| {{term|illes}}
|-
| 7||this||is, hic, istem, istaf||estem, estaf||éstem, éstaf||cetm, cettef||questom, questaf||acestm, aceastăf|| {{term|iste}}
|-
| 8||that||iste (near), ille (far), is, hic||essem, essaf (near), aquelem, aquelaf (far)||ésem, ésaf (near), aquélm, aquéllaf (far)||ce/cetm, cettef||quellom, quellaf||acelm, aceaf|| {{term|illa}}
|-
| 9||here||hīc||aqui||aquí, acá||ici||qui, qua||aici, aci (dial.)|| {{term|hic}}, ci, qui
|-
| 10||there||ibī, illic||ali (near), aí (far), ||allí (near), ahí (far)||là||là, ivi||acolo|| illac, {{term|ibi}}, la
|-
| 11||who||quis||quem||quiénsg, quiénespl||qui||chi||cine|| {{term|qui}}
|-
| 12||what||quid||qué||qué||quoi||che||ce|| {{term|que}}
|-
| 13||where||ubī, unde (from where)||onde||dónde||où||dove, ove||unde|| {{term|ubi}}
|-
| 14||when||quandō||quando||cuándo||quand||quando||când|| {{term|quando}}
|-
| 15||how||quam, quōmodo||como||cómo||comment||come||cum|| {{term|como}}
|-
| 16||not||nōn||não||no||nepas||non||nu||non (adv)| {{term|non}}, {{term|ne}}
|-
| 17||all||omnis, tōtus||todo||todo||tout||tutto||tot|| {{term|tote}}
|-
| 18||many||multus, plmultī||muito||mucho||beaucoup, maint (archaic)||molto||mulţi|| {{term|multe}}
|-
| 19||some||aliquī, aliquot||alguns||algunos||quelques||alcuni||nişte|| {{term|alicun}}
|-
| 20||few||paucus||pouco||poco||peu||poco||puţin|| {{term|poc}}
|-
| 21||other||alterm, alteraf, alius||outrom, outraf||otrom, otraf||autrem/f||altrom, altraf||altm, altăf|| {{term|altere}}
|-
| 22||one||ūnusm, ūnaf||umm, umaf||unom, unm (before a masculine noun), unaf||unm, unef||unom, unm (before a masculine noun), unaf||unum, unm (before a masculine noun), unaf|| {{term|un}}
|-
| 23||two||duom, duaef||doism, duasf||dos||deux||due||doim, douăf|| {{term|duo}}
|-
| 24||three||trēs||três||tres||trois||tre||trei|| {{term|tres}}
|-
| 25||four||quattuor||quatro||cuatro||quatre||quattro||patru|| {{term|quatro}}
|-
| 26||five||quinque||cinco||cinco||cinq||cinque||cinci|| {{term|cinque}}
|-
| 27||big||magnus, grandis||grande||grande||grand||grande||mare|| {{term|grande}}
|-
| 28||long||longus||longo||largo, luengo (obs.)||long||lungo||lung|| {{term|longe}}
|-
| 29||wide||latus, amplus, largus||largo||ancho||large||largo||larg|| {{term|large}}
|-
| 30||thick||crēber, grossus, spissus||grosso, espesso||grueso||gros, épais||spesso, grosso||gros|| {{term|spisse}}
|-
| 31||heavy||gravis||pesado||pesado||lourd||pesante||greu|| {{term|pesante}}
|-
| 32||small||parvus||pequeno||pequeño||petit||piccolo||mic|| {{term|parve}}
|-
| 33||short||curtus (object), brevis (time)||curto||corto||court||corte||scurt|| {{term|curte}}
|-
| 34||narrow||angustus, strictus (tightened)||estreito||estrecho||étroit||stretto||strâmt|| {{term|stricte}}
|-
| 35||thin||macer, subtīlis, tenuis||magro (people), fino (objects)||delgado, fino (objects only)||maigre||sottile, magro||subţire, slab| {{term|tenue}}
|-
| 36||woman||fēmina, mulier||mulher||mujer||femme||donna||femeie, muiere|| {{term|femina}}
|-
| 37||man (adult male)||vir, homō||homem||hombre||homme||uomo||bărbat, (rare)om|| {{term|viro}}
|-
| 38||man (human being)||homō, hūmānum ||humano, pessoa||humano, persona||humain, personne||umano, persona||om|| {{term|homine}}
|-
| 39||child||īnfāns, infantis, puer||criança||niño||enfant||bambino||copil|| {{term|infante}}
|-
| 40||wife||uxor, mulier, spōnsa||mulher, esposa||esposa, mujer||épouse, femme||sposa, moglie||soţie, nevastă|| {{term|marita}}, sposa
|-
| 41||husband||marītus||marido, esposo||marido, esposo||mari, époux||marito||soţ, mărit (obs.)|| {{term|marito}}, sposo
|-
| 42||mother||māter, mamma (childish)||mãe||madre, mamá||mère, maman||madre||mamă|| {{term|matre}}
|-
| 43||father||pater, tata (childish)||pai||padre, papá, tata||père||padre, papa||tată|| {{term|patre}}
|-
| 44||animal||animal||animal||animal||animal||animale||animal|| {{term|animal}}
|-
| 45||fish||piscis||peix||pez||poisson||pesce||peşte|| {{term|pisce}}
|-
| 46||bird||avis, aucellus/avicellus ||ave, pássaro||ave, pájaro||oiseau||uccello||pasăre|| {{term|ave}}
|-
| 47||dog||canis||cão||perro, can (rare)||chien||cane||câine|| {{term|can}}
|-
| 48||louse||pēdis, pēdīculus ||piolho||piojo||pou||pidocchio||păduche|| {{term|pediculo}}
|-
| 49||snake||serpēns, (genitive pl:serpentis), anguis, colūbra||serpe, serpente, cobra||serpiente, culebra, sierpe (obs.)||serpent||serpe, serpente||şarpe|| {{term|serpente}}
|-
| 50||worm||vermis||verme||gusano, verme (Zool.)||ver||verme||vierme|| {{term|verme}}
|-
| 51||tree||arbor||árvore||árbol||arbre||albero||arbore|| {{term|arbore}}
|-
| 52||forest||silva, foresta (vulg.), boscus (vulg.) ||floresta, bosque, selva||bosque, floresta, selva||forêt, sylve (rare), bois||foresta, bosco, selva (rare)||pădure, silvă (rare)|| {{term|foreste}}
|-
| 53||stick||fustis, baculum||bastão, pau, vara||palo, vara, bastón (cane)||bâton||bastone, rametto||băţ, nuia|| {{term|baston}}
|-
| 54||fruit||fructus, frūx||fruto, fruta||fruto, fruta||fruit||frutto||fruct|| {{term|fructo}}
|-
| 55||seed||sēmen||semente||semilla||semence||semente, seme||sămânţă|| {{term|semine}}
|-
| 56||leaf||folium||folha||hoja||feuille||foglia||frunză, foaie || {{term|folio}}
|-
| 57||root||rādīx, rādīcis ||raiz||raíz||racine||radice||rădăcină|| {{term|radice}}
|-
| 58||bark||cortex||casca||corteza||écorce||corteccia, scorza||scoarţă, coajă|| {{term|cortice}}
|-
| 59||flower||flōs, floris ||flor||flor||fleur||fiore||floare|| {{term|flor}}
|-
| 60||grass||herba||erva||hierba||herbe||erba||iarbă|| {{term|herba}}
|-
| 61||rope||fūnis, chorda ||corda||cuerda||corde||corda||frânghie, coardă|| {{term|corda}}
|-
| 62||skin||cutis, pellis ||pele||piel||peau||pelle||piel||cute, pelle
|-
| 63||meat ||carō, carnis ||carne||carne||chair, (food)viande||carne||carne||carne
|-
| 64||blood||sanguis, cruor||sangue||sangre||sang||sangue||sânge||sanguine
|-
| 65||bone||os, ossis)||osso||hueso||os||osso||os||osso
|-
| 66||fat ||adeps, grassus/crassus (vulg.)||gordura||grasa||gras||grasso||grăsime||grassia
|-
| 67||egg||ōvum||ovo||huevo||œuf||uovo||ou||ovo
|-
| 68||horn||cornū||corno||cuerno||corne||corno||corn||corno
|-
| 69||tail||cauda||cauda||cola||queue||coda||coadă||cauda
|-
| 70||feather||plūma, penna||pluma||pluma||plume||piuma||fulg, pană||pluma, penna
|-
| 71||hair||capillus, coma, pilus||cabelo, pêlo||cabello, pelo||cheveu, poil ||capello, pelo )||păr||pilo, capillo
|-
| 72||head||caput||cabeça||cabeza||tête, chef ||testa, capo )||cap||capite
|-
| 73||ear||auris, auricula ||orelha||oreja||oreille||orecchio||ureche||aure
|-
| 74||eye||oculus||olho||ojo||œil||occhio||ochi||oculo
|-
| 75||nose||nāsus, nāris ||nariz||nariz||nez||naso||nas||naso
|-
| 76||mouth||ōs ||boca||boca||bouche||bocca||gură||bucca, ore
|-
| 77||tooth||dēns ||dente||diente||dent||dente||dinte||dente
|-
| 78||tongue||lingua||língua||lengua||langue||lingua||limbă||lingua
|-
| 79||fingernail||unguis, ungula ||unha||uña||ongle||unghia||unghie||ungula
|-
| 80||foot||pēs , pedīculus ||pé||pie||pied||piede||picior, piez (obs.)||pede
|-
| 81||leg||crūs, perna ||perna||pierna||jambe||gamba||gambă||gamba
|-
| 82||knee||genū, geniculum ||joelho||rodilla, hinojo (old-f.)||genou||ginocchio||genunchi||genu
|-
| 83||hand||manus||mão||mano||main||mano||mână||mano
|-
| 84||wing||āla||asa||ala||aile||ala||aripă||ala
|-
| 85||belly||venter, abdōmen||ventre, barriga||vientre, barriga||ventre||ventre||burtă, vintre (rare)||ventre
|-
| 86||guts||intestīna, chorda (intestine)||tripaspl, entranhaspl, intestinospl||tripaspl, intestinospl, entrañaspl||entraillespl, tripespl, intestinspl||intestinospl||maţe, măruntaie||tripas
|-
| 87||neck||collum, cervīx, nucha (nape)||pescoço, colo (rare), nuca (nape)||cuello, nuca (nape)||cou, nuque (nape)||collo, nuca (nape)||gât||collo
|-
| 88||back||tergum, dorsum||costaspl/ (human), lombo (animal)||espalda (human), lomo (animal)||dos||schiena (human), dorso (animal)||spate, dos||dorso
|-
| 89||breast||pectus, mamma, sinus||peito, seio||pecho, seno||poitrine, sein||petto, seno||piept, sân||pectore
|-
| 90||heart||cor, (genitive sg:cordis)||coração||corazón||cœur||cuore||inimă, cord||corde
|-
| 91||liver||iecur, fīcātum (vulg.)||fígado||hígado||foie||fegato||ficat||ficato, hepato
|-
| 92||drink||bibere||beber||beber, tomar||boire||bere||bea||biber
|-
| 93||eat||edere, mandūcāre, comedere||comer||comer||manger||mangiare||mânca||mangiar
|-
| 94||bite||mordēre||morder||morder||mordre||mordere||muşca||morder
|-
| 95||suck||sūgere||chupar||chupar||sucer||succhiare||suge||suger
|-
| 96||spit||spūtāre, spuere, exconspuere||cuspir||escupir||cracher||sputare||scuipa||sputar
|-
| 97||vomit||vomere, vomitāre||vomitar||vomitar||vomir||vomitare||vomita, voame (reg., rare')||vomitar
|-
| 98||blow||flāre, sufflāre||soprar||soplar||souffler||soffiare||sufla||sufflar
|-
| 99||breathe||spīrāre, respīrāre||respirar||respirar||respirer||respirare||respira||respirar
|-
| 100||laugh||rīdēre||rir||reír||rire||ridere||râde||rider
|-
| 101||see||vidēre||ver||ver||voir||vedere||vedea||vider
|-
| 102||hear||audīre, intendere (rare, meaning "to understand")||ouvir||oír||entendre, (obs.)ouïr||udire||auzi||audir
|-
| 103||know||scīre, sapere (to be wise)||saber||saber||savoir||sapere||şti||saper
|-
| 104||think||putāre, cōgitāre, pēnsāre (to consider)||pensar||pensar||penser||pensare||gândi, cugeta||pensar
|-
| 105||smell||olēre, sentīre (to perceive a smell)||cheirar||oler||sentir||sentire||mirosi||olfacer
|-
| 106||fear||timēre||temer||temer||craindre||temere||teme||timer
|-
| 107||sleep||dormīre||dormir||dormir||dormir||dormire||dormi||dormir
|-
| 108||live||vīvere||viver||vivir||vivre||vivere||trăi||viver
|-
| 109||die||morior||morrer||morir||mourir||morire||muri||morir
|-
| 110||kill||necāre, occidere||matar||matar||tuer||uccidere||ucide||occidar
|-
| 111||fight||pugnāre, luctor||lutar||luchar, puñar (obs.)||lutter||lottare||lupta||luctar
|-
| 110||hunt||vēnor, captāre (to hunt down / capture)||caçar||cazar||chasser||cacciare||vâna||chassar
|-
| 113||hit (beat)||pellere, battuere||golpear, bater||golpear, batir||frapper, battre||colpire, battere||lovi, bate||colpar
|-
| 114||cut||secāre, curtāre, taliāre (vulg.)||cortar||cortar||couper||tagliare||tăia||secar
|-
| 115||split||partior, dividere, findere, scindere||partir, dividir||partir, dividir||fendre, diviser||fendere, dividere||diviza, împărți||finder
|-
| 116||stab||traicere, pungere||apunhalar, esfaquear||apuñalar||poignarder||pugnalare, accoltellare||înjunghia, străpunge||dagar
|-
| 117||scratch||scalpere, rasicāre, rādere||rascar, raspar, arranhar||rascar, raspar, arañar||gratter||grattare, graffiare||scărpina, zgâria||grattar
|-
| 118||dig||fodere, cavāre (to hollow out)||cavar, escavar||cavar, excavar||creuser||scavare||săpa||foder
|-
| 119||swim||natāre||nadar||nadar||nager||nuotare||înota||natar
|-
| 120||fly||volāre, exvolāre (vulg.)||volar||volar||voler||volare||zbura||volar
|-
| 121||walk||gradior, ambulāre, vādere||andar, caminhar||caminar, andar||marcher, se promener (intrans.)||camminare, andare (a piedi)||merge, umbla||ambular, promenar se
|-
| 122||come||venīre||vir||venir||venir||venire||veni|| {{C|venir}}
|-
| 123||lie||iacēre||jazer||yacer||gésir||giacere||zăcea||jacer
|-
| 124||sit||sedēre||sentar||sentarse (intrans.)||s'asseoir (intrans.)||sedere||şedea||seder
|-
| 125||stand||stāre||estar (de pé)||estar (parado/de pie), levantarse, pararse||être (debout)||stare (in piedi)||sta (în picioare)||star
|-
| 126||turn||vertere, gȳrāre, tornāre, torquēre||girar||girar||tourner||girare||întoarce||tornar
|-
| 127||fall||cadere||cair||caer||tomber||cadere||cădea||cader
|-
| 128||give||dare, dōnāre (to give a present)||dar||dar||donner||dare||da||dar
|-
| 129||hold||tenēre||ter (means also "to have")||tener (means also "to have"), sostener||tenir||tenere||ţine||tener
|-
| 130||squeeze||premere, comprimere, exprimere, stringere (tighten)||apertar, comprimer, espremer||apretar, comprimir, exprimir||presser, comprimer||spremere, stringere||merge, strânge, presa||premer
|-
| 131||rub||fricāre||esfregar||frotar, fregar||frotter, frayer (obs.)||fregare, sfregare||freca||fricar
|-
| 132||wash||lavāre||lavar||lavar||laver||lavare||la, spăla||lavar
|-
| 133||wipe||tergēre, exsucāre, extergēre (toclean)||enxugar||restregar, enjugar||essuyer||asciugare||şterge||essugar
|-
| 134||pull||trahere||tirar||tirar, halar, jalar (colloq.)||tirer||tirare||trage||tirar
|-
| 135||push||pellere, urgere, pulsāre, impulsāre, impingere||empurrar||empujar||pousser||spingere||împinge||pulsar
|-
| 136||throw||iacere, iactāre, lanceāre (to throw aspeer)||lançar||lanzar, echar||jeter, lancer||gettare, lanciare||arunca||jectar
|-
| 137||tie||ligāre, stringere, aptāre (to fasten)||atar||atar||lier||legare||lega||ligar
|-
| 138||sew||suere, cōnsuere||coser||coser||coudre||cucire||coase||suer
|-
| 139||count||numerāre, computāre (count down /calculate)||contar||contar||compter||contare||număra||contar
|-
| 140||say||dīcere||dizer||decir||dire||dire||zice||dicer
|-
| 141||sing||canere, cantāre||cantar||cantar||chanter||cantare||cânta||cantar
|-
| 142||play||lūdere, iocor||jogar||jugar||jouer||giocare||juca||jocar
|-
| 143||float||nāre, natāre||flutuar, boiar||flotar||flotter||galleggiare||pluti||flottar
|-
| 144||flow||fluere, currere (in the sense of "running water")||fluir||fluir||couler||fluire, scorrer||curge||fluer
|-
| 145||freeze||gelāre, glaciāre (to become ice)||gelar||congelar, helar||geler||gelare, ghiacciare||îngheţa||gelar
|-
| 146||swell||īnflāre||incharse (intran.)||hincharse (intran.), inflarse (intran.)||gonfler||gonfiare||inflama, umfla||tumer
|-
| 147||sun||sōl||sol||sol||soleil||sole||soare||sol
|-
| 148||moon||lūna||lua||luna||lune||luna||lună||luna
|-
| 149||star||stēlla||estrela||estrella||étoile||stella||stea||stella
|-
| 150||water||aqua||água||agua||eau||acqua||apă||aqua
|-
| 151||rain||pluvia||chuva||lluvia||pluie||pioggia||ploaie||pluvia
|-
| 152||river||flūmen, fluvius, rīvus (creek/small river)||rio||río||fleuve, rivière||fiume||râu, fluviu||fluvio
|-
| 153||lake||lacus||lago||lago||lac||lago||lac||laco
|-
| 154||sea||mare||mar||mar||mer||mare||mare||mar
|-
| 155||salt||sāl||sal||sal||sel||sale||sare||sal
|-
| 156||stone||lapis, petra||pedra||piedra||pierre||pietra||piatră||petra
|-
| 157||sand||arēna, sabulō||areia||arena||sable||sabbia||nisip, arină (reg.)||arena, sablo
|-
| 158||dust||pulvis||pó, poeira||polvo||poussière||polvere||praf, pulbere||pulvere
|-
| 159||earth||terra (also meaning "land")||terra||tierra||terre||terra||pământ, ţară (rare, in the sense of "land")||terra
|-
| 160||cloud||nūbēs, nimbus (large cloud)||nuvem||nube||nuage, nue||nuvola, nube||nor||nube
|-
| 161||fog||nebula, cālīgō||névoa, neblina||niebla, neblina||brume||nebbia||negură, ceață||nebula
|-
| 162||sky||caelum||céu||cielo||ciel||cielo||cer||celo
|-
| 163||wind||ventus||vento||viento||vent||vento||vînt/vânt||vento
|-
| 164||snow||nix, (genitive sg:nivis)||neve||nieve||neige||neve||zăpadă, nea||nive
|-
| 165||ice||glaciēs, gelū (frost/water-ice)||gelo||hielo||glace||ghiaccio||gheaţă||glacie
|-
| 166||smoke||fūmus||fumo||humo||fumée||fumo||fum||fumo
|-
| 167||fire||ignis, focus (fireplace)||fogo||fuego||feu||fuoco||foc||foco
|-
| 168||ash||cinis, (genitive sg:cineris)||cinza||ceniza||cendre||cenere||cenuşă, scrum||cineres
|-
| 169||burn||ārdēre, cremāre||arder, queimar||arder, quemar||brûler||bruciare, ardere||arde||arder
|-
| 170||road||via, strāta (paved road)||estrada, caminho, via||calle, camino, vía||route||strata, via||drum, cale, stradă||strata
|-
| 171||mountain||mōns, (genitive sg:montis)||montanha, monte||montaña, monte||montagne, mont||montagna, monte||munte||montania
|-
| 172||red||ruber, vermiculus, russus (rare)||vermelho, rubro||rojo||rouge||rosso||roşu||rubie
|-
| 173||green||viridis||verde||verde||vert||verde||verde||verde
|-
| 174||yellow||flāvus, galbinus (yellowish")||amarelo||amarillo||jaune||giallo||galben||jalne
|-
| 175||white||albus, candidus, blancus (vulg.)||branco||blanco||blanc||bianco||alb||blanc
|-
| 176||black||niger, āter, fuscus||negro||negro||noir||nero||negru||nigre
|-
| 177||night||nōx, (genitive sg:noctis)||noite||noche||nuit||notte||noapte||nocte
|-
| 178||day||dīes, diurnum (vulg./diminutive)||dia||día||jour||giorno||zi||die
|-
| 179||year||annus||ano||año||année||anno||an||anno
|-
| 180||warm||calidus, caldus||quente||caliente, cálido||chaud||caldo||cald||calide
|-
| 181||cold||frīgidus||frio||frío||froid||freddo||frig||frigide
|-
| 182||full||plēnus||cheio||lleno||plein||pieno||plin||plen
|-
| 183||new||novus||novo||nuevo||nouveau||nuovo||nou|| {{term|nove}}
|-
| 184||old||vetus, vetulus||velho||viejo||vieux||vecchio||vechi|| {{term|vetere}}
|-
| 185||good||bonus||bom||bueno||bon||buono||bun|| {{term|bon}}
|-
| 186||bad||malus||mauadj., maladv.||maloadj., maladv.||mauvaisadj., maladv.||cattivo, malo||rău|| {{term|mal}}
|-
| 187||rotten||puter, putridus||podre||podrido||pourri||marcito, putrido||putred|| {{term|corrupte}}
|-
| 188||dirty||sordidus||sujo||sucio||sale||sporco, sudicio||murdar|| {{term|immunde}}
|-
| 189||straight||rectus||reto||recto||droit||dritto||drept|| {{term|recte}}
|-
| 190||round||rotundus||redondo||redondo||rond||rotondo||rotund|| {{term|ronde}}
|-
| 191||sharp||ācer, affiliatus, acūtus||afiado||afilado||affilé||affilato||ascuţit|| {{term|acute}}
|-
| 192||dull||hebes, brutus||rombo||sinfilo, romo||émoussé||spuntato||bont|| {{term|obtuse}}
|-
| 193||smooth||levis||liso||liso||lisse||liscio||neted|| {{term|lisie}}
|-
| 194||wet||umidus, madidus, ūdus||molhado||húmedo, mojado||mouillé||molle||ud, umed|| {{term|humide}}
|-
| 195||dry||siccus||seco||seco||sec||secco||uscat, sec|| {{term|sic}}
|-
| 196||correct||rectus, correctus||correto||correcto||correct||corretto||corect|| {{term|correcte}}
|-
| 197||near ||propinquus, iuxtā||perto, próximo||cerca, próximo||près, proche||vicino||aproape, lângă|| {{term|proxime}}
|-
| 198||far ||procul, laxius, distāns, (genitive sg.:distantis), longinquus, longitanus (vulg.)||longe, longínquo, distante||lejos, lejano, distante||loin, lointain, distant||lontano, distante||departe, distant|| {{term|distante}}
|-
| 199||right ||dexter, directus (straight)||direito||derecho||droit||destro||drept|| {{term|dextre}}
|-
| 200||left ||sinister||esquerdo||izquierdo||gauche||sinistro||stâng|| {{term|sinistre}}
|-
| 201||at||in, ad, ablative case||em, a||en, a||en, à||in, a||în, la|| {{term|a}}, in
|-
| 202||in||in||em||en||en, dans||in||în|| {{term|in}}
|-
| 203||with||cum, apud (with accusative)||com||con||avec||con||cu|| {{term|con}}
|-
| 204||and||et||e||y, e (before/i/)||et||e, ed (before a vowel)||şi|| {{term|e}}
|-
| 205||if||sī||se||si||si||se||dacă|| {{term|si}}
|-
| 206||because||quia, quoniam||porque||porque||parce que||perché||pentru că|| {{term|proque}}
|-
| 207||name||nōmen||nome||nombre||nom||nome||nume|| {{term|nomine}}
|}
{{Aquatiki}}
[[Category:Swadesh lists]]
[[Category:Interlingua]]
[[Category:Swadesh]]

User:Aquatiki

2025-12-27T18:26:51Z

Aquatiki:

Hi, I'm Aquatiki. I tend to obsess over languages for a long time and be years in development. In grad school, I studied Semitics (Hebrew and related languages), and I got into conlanging as a fun way to be sure I understood what I was learning.

* <big>武明帥</big> - Murphy, Robert Marshall/무명수/WǔMíngShuài. In Japanese, 真田武明 (さなだ　ぶめい) - Sanada Bumei
* <big>武星紫</big> - Murphy, Violet Esther/무성자 (Mu Seong-Ja). In Japanese, 薩摩菫 (さつますみれ) - Satsuma Sumire
* <big>武景花</big> - Murphy, Elanor Laes/무경화 (Mu Gyeong-Hwa)
* <big>武理敾</big> - Murphy, Reason Meyer/무리선. (Mu Li-Seon)
* <big>景有美</big> - Laes, Jessica Marie/경유미. (Me Yu-Mi)

== My Universes ==
===Universal Languages ===
Our world, but synthetic languages facilitate international relations:
* '''[[Dan'a'yo]]''' - Sinosphere
* '''[[User:Aquatiki/Indo-Malaysian]]''' - Maritime Southeast Asia
* '''[[Guosa]]''' - West Africa
* '''[[Interslavic]]''' - Slavisphere
* '''[[Middle Semitic]]''' - Israel+Arab_World
* '''[[User:Aquatiki/MSEAL]]''' - Indochina
* '''[[User:Aquatiki/Dravindian]]''' - South India
* '''[[User:Aquatiki/Zens]]''' - Greater Persia
* '''[[Jalpi]]''' - Pan-Turkey
* '''[[User:Aquatiki/SEDES]]''' - Ethiopian language area
* '''[[Balkan]]''' - Balkans
* '''[[Samboka]]''' - Finno-Ugric languages
* '''[[User:Aquatiki/Caucas]]''' - Caucasus

=== Naturalistic Auxlang ===
* '''[[Weddish]]'''
:: Weddish is an auxlang, with an overly extensive history. Old Frisian became influenced by Old Welsh, was conquered by Hebrew, and once again returned to the Welsh.
* '''[[Japhethite]]'''
:: Japhetite is a polysynthetic, triconsonantal, semitic-inspired auxlang.

=== [[w:Harry Potter universe]] ===
* '''[[Parseltongue]]'''
: Dr. Francis Nolan was commission by the HP movie makers to create a phonology and a few sentences, which he was very gracious to share with me. I expanded upon them greatly, bringing in further [[w:Estonians language|Estonian]] influences, and adding [[w:Dravidian languages|Dravidian]] and [[w:Bantu languages|Bantu]] ideas.
=== [[Oceanic Hebrew]] ===
the Semitic slaves were sold to Babylon ... then India ... then the Philippines ... and eventual migrated to New Zealand.
* '''[[Austronesian Hebrew]]'''
*: Primarily using [[w:Ugaritic language|Ugaritic]], I have reconstructed a best-guess of what Hebrew sounded like in 1000 B.C. and imagined what would happen if they were hauled off to the Philippines and interacted with something like [[w:Proto-Austronesian language|Proto-Austronesian]] or [[w:Tagalog language|Tagalog]].
* '''[[Polynesian Hebrew]]'''
*: Using the previous language as a base, I mashed up Ancient Hebrew with [[w:Māori language|Māori]]
** '''[[Neo-Oceanic Hebrew]]'''
**: My only attempt at a Minimalist Lang, I spun it out of PPH. The endonym is rōŋo·ŋo Pāru, but NOH is the English name for it. It's an attempt at a Biblical answer to Toki Pona (which I think is outspokenly Taoist).

=== Romlangs ===
* [[Ckul]] - a truly nuts idea: to make a Na'vi romlang!
* [[Küpria]] - Cypriot romlang that is Greek-er than Greek!
* [[Koǧan]] - out arabic-ize Spanish!

=== A fictional <big>[[w:Water world]]</big> ===
* '''[[Syrenian]]'''
: An utterly polysynthetic exolang, completely without nouns.

== Scratchpad ==
* [[User:Aquatiki/LCK]]
* [[User:Aquatiki/Sandbox]]

I use ''aquatiki'' just about everywhere on the internet.

Should you ever feel a dire need of contacting me, simply leave me a message at my [[User talk:Aqautiki|discussion page]]
{{Aquatiki}}

== Toki Pona ==
{{C|li}}
{{C|e}}
{{C|mi}}
{{C|jan}}
{{C|ni}}
{{C|la}}
{{C|tawa}}
{{C|sina}}
{{C|ala}}
{{C|lon}}
{{C|pi}}
{{C|ona}}
{{C|tenpo}}
{{C|mute}}
{{C|pona}}
{{C|kama}}
{{C|seme}}
{{C|toki}}
{{C|wile}}
{{C|o}}
{{C|ken}}
{{C|sona}}
{{C|tomo}}
{{C|tan}}
{{C|lukin}}
{{C|pali}}
{{C|jo}}
{{C|pilin}}
{{C|lili}}
{{C|pini}}
{{C|ma}}
{{C|ale}}
{{C|ike}}
{{C|kepeken}}
{{C|pana}}
{{C|telo}}
{{C|sama}}
{{C|ijo}}
{{C|moku}}
{{C|suno}}
{{C|ilo}}
{{C|anu}}
{{C|suli}}
{{C|lawa}}
{{C|meli}}
{{C|taso}}
{{C|ale}}
{{C|sewi}}
{{C|mije}}
{{C|sitelen}}
{{C|musi}}
{{C|nasin}}
{{C|wawa}}
{{C|sin}}
{{C|kin}}
{{C|weka}}
{{C|wan}}
{{C|ante}}
{{C|nasa}}
{{C|tu}}
{{C|awen}}
{{C|pakala}}
{{C|soweli}}
{{C|en}}
{{C|lipu}}
{{C|sike}}
{{C|poka}}
{{C|mani}}
{{C|mama}}
{{C|ali}}
{{C|lape}}
{{C|kalama}}
{{C|open}}
{{C|olin}}
{{C|len}}
{{C|kon}}
{{C|luka}}
{{C|kasi}}
{{C|seli}}
{{C|nimi}}
{{C|insa}}
{{C|utala}}
{{C|supa}}
{{C|pimeja}}
{{C|moli}}
{{C|sijelo}}
{{C|kute}}
{{C|kulupu}}
{{C|esun}}
{{C|poki}}
{{C|anpa}}
{{C|nanpa}}
{{C|linja}}
{{C|noka}}
{{C|uta}}
{{C|sinpin}}
{{C|suwi}}
{{C|kiwen}}
{{C|lete}}
{{C|akesi}}
{{C|kule}}
{{C|lupa}}
{{C|monsi}}
{{C|a}}
{{C|selo}}
{{C|walo}}
{{C|kili}}
{{C|jaki}}
{{C|ko}}
{{C|loje}}
{{C|waso}}
{{C|nena}}
{{C|pipi}}
{{C|pan}}
{{C|mun}}
{{C|palisa}}
{{C|alasa}}
{{C|jelo}}
{{C|kala}}
{{C|laso}}
{{C|unpa}}
{{C|mu}}
{{C|pu}}

Contionary:ᛞᛖᛁ

2025-12-25T20:39:40Z

Aquatiki: Created page with "==Folksprak== ===Etymology=== From Proto-Germanic *þai (“those”) (from Proto-Indo-European *to- (“that”)) ===Pronunciation=== (''Folksprak'') IPA: /dej/ ===Pronoun=== '''{{Rune|ᛞᛖᛁ}}''' ('''dei''') # they, third person plural personal pronoun ====Usage notes==== Cp. English ''they'', Icelandic ''þeir'', Danish/Swedish ''de''', Proto-Norse *ᚦᚨᛁᛉ (*þaiʀ) ====Other Forms==== genitive..."

==[[Folksprak]]==
===Etymology===
From Proto-Germanic [[wikt:Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/þai|*þai]] (“those”) (from Proto-Indo-European *to- (“that”))
===Pronunciation===
(''Folksprak'') [[Guide:IPA|IPA]]: /dej/
===Pronoun===
'''{{Rune|ᛞᛖᛁ}}''' ('''dei''')

# they, third person plural personal pronoun

====Usage notes====
Cp. English ''they'', Icelandic ''þeir'', Danish/Swedish ''de''', Proto-Norse *ᚦᚨᛁᛉ (*þaiʀ)
====Other Forms====
genitive {{Rune|{{C|ᛞᛖᛁᚱ}}|deir}}; possessive {{Rune|{{C|ᛞᛖᛁᚱᛋ}}|deirs}}; accusative {{Rune|{{C|ᛞᛖᛗᛗ}}|demm}}

{{Aquatiki}}
[[Category:Contionary]] [[Category:Folksprak pronouns]] [[Category:Folksprak words]]

Contionary:spisse

2025-11-25T01:12:01Z

Aquatiki: remove template

==[[Interlingua]]==

===Etymology===
From Latin ''spisse'' > ''spissus'' + ē

===Pronunciation===
(''Interlingua'') [[Guide:IPA|IPA]]: /ˈspɪs.seː/
===Adjective===
'''spisse'''

# thick
Swedesh #30

[[Category:Contionary]] [[Category:Interlingua adjectives]] [[Category:Interlingua words]]
{{Aquatiki}}

Contionary:spisse

2025-11-25T01:09:02Z

Aquatiki: Created page with " <!-- Welcome to the new word template! To speed up some time, we've included a handy expansion template that quickly builds up the page. All you need to do is fill in a few things. 1 = is equal to the name of your language, first-letter capitalised. 2 = is the actual word. POS = This is where you fill in the primary category to which your word belongs to. Is it a noun, an adjective or a verb? Perhaps, a particle? Capitalise the first letter: write Noun, not “noun”..."

==Interlingua==
===Alternative forms===

===Etymology===

===Pronunciation===
(''Interlingua'') [[Guide:IPA|IPA]]: /ˈspɪs.seː/
===Adjective===
'''spisse'''

# definition
#:''example usage of '''spisse''' here''
#:: ''italicised translation here.''

====Usage notes====
====Inflection====
====Synonyms====
====Derived terms====
====Related terms====

[[Category:Contionary]] [[Category:Interlingua adjectives]] [[Category:Interlingua words]]

User:Aquatiki

2025-11-24T20:25:03Z

Aquatiki: /* Scratchpad */

Hi, I'm Aquatiki. I tend to obsess over languages for a long time and be years in development. In grad school, I studied Semitics (Hebrew and related languages), and I got into conlanging as a fun way to be sure I understood what I was learning.

* <big>武明帥</big> - Murphy, Robert Marshall/무명수/WǔMíngShuài.
* <big>武星紫</big> - Murphy, Violet Esther/무성자 (Mu Seong-Ja). In Japanese, 薩摩菫 (さつますみれ) - Satsuma Sumire
* <big>武景花</big> - Murphy, Elanor Laes/무경화 (Mu Gyeong-Hwa)
* <big>武理敾</big> - Murphy, Reason Meyer/무리선. (Mu Li-Seon)
* <big>景有美</big> - Laes, Jessica Marie/경유미. (Me Yu-Mi)

== My Universes ==
===Universal Languages ===
Our world, but synthetic languages facilitate international relations:
* '''[[Dan'a'yo]]''' - Sinosphere
* '''[[User:Aquatiki/Indo-Malaysian]]''' - Maritime Southeast Asia
* '''[[Guosa]]''' - West Africa
* '''[[Interslavic]]''' - Slavisphere
* '''[[Middle Semitic]]''' - Israel+Arab_World
* '''[[User:Aquatiki/MSEAL]]''' - Indochina
* '''[[User:Aquatiki/Dravindian]]''' - South India
* '''[[User:Aquatiki/Zens]]''' - Greater Persia
* '''[[Jalpi]]''' - Pan-Turkey
* '''[[User:Aquatiki/SEDES]]''' - Ethiopian language area
* '''[[Balkan]]''' - Balkans
* '''[[Samboka]]''' - Finno-Ugric languages
* '''[[User:Aquatiki/Caucas]]''' - Caucasus

=== Naturalistic Auxlang ===
* '''[[Weddish]]'''
:: Weddish is an auxlang, with an overly extensive history. Old Frisian became influenced by Old Welsh, was conquered by Hebrew, and once again returned to the Welsh.
* '''[[Japhethite]]'''
:: Japhetite is a polysynthetic, triconsonantal, semitic-inspired auxlang.

=== [[w:Harry Potter universe]] ===
* '''[[Parseltongue]]'''
: Dr. Francis Nolan was commission by the HP movie makers to create a phonology and a few sentences, which he was very gracious to share with me. I expanded upon them greatly, bringing in further [[w:Estonians language|Estonian]] influences, and adding [[w:Dravidian languages|Dravidian]] and [[w:Bantu languages|Bantu]] ideas.
=== [[Oceanic Hebrew]] ===
the Semitic slaves were sold to Babylon ... then India ... then the Philippines ... and eventual migrated to New Zealand.
* '''[[Austronesian Hebrew]]'''
*: Primarily using [[w:Ugaritic language|Ugaritic]], I have reconstructed a best-guess of what Hebrew sounded like in 1000 B.C. and imagined what would happen if they were hauled off to the Philippines and interacted with something like [[w:Proto-Austronesian language|Proto-Austronesian]] or [[w:Tagalog language|Tagalog]].
* '''[[Polynesian Hebrew]]'''
*: Using the previous language as a base, I mashed up Ancient Hebrew with [[w:Māori language|Māori]]
** '''[[Neo-Oceanic Hebrew]]'''
**: My only attempt at a Minimalist Lang, I spun it out of PPH. The endonym is rōŋo·ŋo Pāru, but NOH is the English name for it. It's an attempt at a Biblical answer to Toki Pona (which I think is outspokenly Taoist).

=== Romlangs ===
* [[Ckul]] - a truly nuts idea: to make a Na'vi romlang!
* [[Küpria]] - Cypriot romlang that is Greek-er than Greek!
* [[Koǧan]] - out arabic-ize Spanish!

=== A fictional <big>[[w:Water world]]</big> ===
* '''[[Syrenian]]'''
: An utterly polysynthetic exolang, completely without nouns.

== Scratchpad ==
* [[User:Aquatiki/LCK]]
* [[User:Aquatiki/Sandbox]]

I use ''aquatiki'' just about everywhere on the internet.

Should you ever feel a dire need of contacting me, simply leave me a message at my [[User talk:Aqautiki|discussion page]]
{{Aquatiki}}

== Toki Pona ==
{{C|li}}
{{C|e}}
{{C|mi}}
{{C|jan}}
{{C|ni}}
{{C|la}}
{{C|tawa}}
{{C|sina}}
{{C|ala}}
{{C|lon}}
{{C|pi}}
{{C|ona}}
{{C|tenpo}}
{{C|mute}}
{{C|pona}}
{{C|kama}}
{{C|seme}}
{{C|toki}}
{{C|wile}}
{{C|o}}
{{C|ken}}
{{C|sona}}
{{C|tomo}}
{{C|tan}}
{{C|lukin}}
{{C|pali}}
{{C|jo}}
{{C|pilin}}
{{C|lili}}
{{C|pini}}
{{C|ma}}
{{C|ale}}
{{C|ike}}
{{C|kepeken}}
{{C|pana}}
{{C|telo}}
{{C|sama}}
{{C|ijo}}
{{C|moku}}
{{C|suno}}
{{C|ilo}}
{{C|anu}}
{{C|suli}}
{{C|lawa}}
{{C|meli}}
{{C|taso}}
{{C|ale}}
{{C|sewi}}
{{C|mije}}
{{C|sitelen}}
{{C|musi}}
{{C|nasin}}
{{C|wawa}}
{{C|sin}}
{{C|kin}}
{{C|weka}}
{{C|wan}}
{{C|ante}}
{{C|nasa}}
{{C|tu}}
{{C|awen}}
{{C|pakala}}
{{C|soweli}}
{{C|en}}
{{C|lipu}}
{{C|sike}}
{{C|poka}}
{{C|mani}}
{{C|mama}}
{{C|ali}}
{{C|lape}}
{{C|kalama}}
{{C|open}}
{{C|olin}}
{{C|len}}
{{C|kon}}
{{C|luka}}
{{C|kasi}}
{{C|seli}}
{{C|nimi}}
{{C|insa}}
{{C|utala}}
{{C|supa}}
{{C|pimeja}}
{{C|moli}}
{{C|sijelo}}
{{C|kute}}
{{C|kulupu}}
{{C|esun}}
{{C|poki}}
{{C|anpa}}
{{C|nanpa}}
{{C|linja}}
{{C|noka}}
{{C|uta}}
{{C|sinpin}}
{{C|suwi}}
{{C|kiwen}}
{{C|lete}}
{{C|akesi}}
{{C|kule}}
{{C|lupa}}
{{C|monsi}}
{{C|a}}
{{C|selo}}
{{C|walo}}
{{C|kili}}
{{C|jaki}}
{{C|ko}}
{{C|loje}}
{{C|waso}}
{{C|nena}}
{{C|pipi}}
{{C|pan}}
{{C|mun}}
{{C|palisa}}
{{C|alasa}}
{{C|jelo}}
{{C|kala}}
{{C|laso}}
{{C|unpa}}
{{C|mu}}
{{C|pu}}

User:Aquatiki/KiYavona

2025-11-24T20:24:57Z

Aquatiki: Redirected page to User:Aquatiki

#REDIRECT [[User:Aquatiki]]

User:Aquatiki/Beatbox

2025-11-24T16:30:04Z

Aquatiki: clearing old idea

#REDIRECT [[User:Aquatiki]]

User:Aquatiki

2025-11-14T14:35:13Z

Aquatiki: /* Universal Languages */ removing

Hi, I'm Aquatiki. I tend to obsess over languages for a long time and be years in development. In grad school, I studied Semitics (Hebrew and related languages), and I got into conlanging as a fun way to be sure I understood what I was learning.

* <big>武明帥</big> - Murphy, Robert Marshall/무명수/WǔMíngShuài.
* <big>武星紫</big> - Murphy, Violet Esther/무성자 (Mu Seong-Ja). In Japanese, 薩摩菫 (さつますみれ) - Satsuma Sumire
* <big>武景花</big> - Murphy, Elanor Laes/무경화 (Mu Gyeong-Hwa)
* <big>武理敾</big> - Murphy, Reason Meyer/무리선. (Mu Li-Seon)
* <big>景有美</big> - Laes, Jessica Marie/경유미. (Me Yu-Mi)

== My Universes ==
===Universal Languages ===
Our world, but synthetic languages facilitate international relations:
* '''[[Dan'a'yo]]''' - Sinosphere
* '''[[User:Aquatiki/Indo-Malaysian]]''' - Maritime Southeast Asia
* '''[[Guosa]]''' - West Africa
* '''[[Interslavic]]''' - Slavisphere
* '''[[Middle Semitic]]''' - Israel+Arab_World
* '''[[User:Aquatiki/MSEAL]]''' - Indochina
* '''[[User:Aquatiki/Dravindian]]''' - South India
* '''[[User:Aquatiki/Zens]]''' - Greater Persia
* '''[[Jalpi]]''' - Pan-Turkey
* '''[[User:Aquatiki/SEDES]]''' - Ethiopian language area
* '''[[Balkan]]''' - Balkans
* '''[[Samboka]]''' - Finno-Ugric languages
* '''[[User:Aquatiki/Caucas]]''' - Caucasus

=== Naturalistic Auxlang ===
* '''[[Weddish]]'''
:: Weddish is an auxlang, with an overly extensive history. Old Frisian became influenced by Old Welsh, was conquered by Hebrew, and once again returned to the Welsh.
* '''[[Japhethite]]'''
:: Japhetite is a polysynthetic, triconsonantal, semitic-inspired auxlang.

=== [[w:Harry Potter universe]] ===
* '''[[Parseltongue]]'''
: Dr. Francis Nolan was commission by the HP movie makers to create a phonology and a few sentences, which he was very gracious to share with me. I expanded upon them greatly, bringing in further [[w:Estonians language|Estonian]] influences, and adding [[w:Dravidian languages|Dravidian]] and [[w:Bantu languages|Bantu]] ideas.
=== [[Oceanic Hebrew]] ===
the Semitic slaves were sold to Babylon ... then India ... then the Philippines ... and eventual migrated to New Zealand.
* '''[[Austronesian Hebrew]]'''
*: Primarily using [[w:Ugaritic language|Ugaritic]], I have reconstructed a best-guess of what Hebrew sounded like in 1000 B.C. and imagined what would happen if they were hauled off to the Philippines and interacted with something like [[w:Proto-Austronesian language|Proto-Austronesian]] or [[w:Tagalog language|Tagalog]].
* '''[[Polynesian Hebrew]]'''
*: Using the previous language as a base, I mashed up Ancient Hebrew with [[w:Māori language|Māori]]
** '''[[Neo-Oceanic Hebrew]]'''
**: My only attempt at a Minimalist Lang, I spun it out of PPH. The endonym is rōŋo·ŋo Pāru, but NOH is the English name for it. It's an attempt at a Biblical answer to Toki Pona (which I think is outspokenly Taoist).

=== Romlangs ===
* [[Ckul]] - a truly nuts idea: to make a Na'vi romlang!
* [[Küpria]] - Cypriot romlang that is Greek-er than Greek!
* [[Koǧan]] - out arabic-ize Spanish!

=== A fictional <big>[[w:Water world]]</big> ===
* '''[[Syrenian]]'''
: An utterly polysynthetic exolang, completely without nouns.

== Scratchpad ==
* [[User:Aquatiki/LCK]]
* [[User:Aquatiki/Sandbox]]
* [[User:Aquatiki/KiYavona]]
* [[User:Aquatiki/Beatbox]]

I use ''aquatiki'' just about everywhere on the internet.

Should you ever feel a dire need of contacting me, simply leave me a message at my [[User talk:Aqautiki|discussion page]]
{{Aquatiki}}

== Toki Pona ==
{{C|li}}
{{C|e}}
{{C|mi}}
{{C|jan}}
{{C|ni}}
{{C|la}}
{{C|tawa}}
{{C|sina}}
{{C|ala}}
{{C|lon}}
{{C|pi}}
{{C|ona}}
{{C|tenpo}}
{{C|mute}}
{{C|pona}}
{{C|kama}}
{{C|seme}}
{{C|toki}}
{{C|wile}}
{{C|o}}
{{C|ken}}
{{C|sona}}
{{C|tomo}}
{{C|tan}}
{{C|lukin}}
{{C|pali}}
{{C|jo}}
{{C|pilin}}
{{C|lili}}
{{C|pini}}
{{C|ma}}
{{C|ale}}
{{C|ike}}
{{C|kepeken}}
{{C|pana}}
{{C|telo}}
{{C|sama}}
{{C|ijo}}
{{C|moku}}
{{C|suno}}
{{C|ilo}}
{{C|anu}}
{{C|suli}}
{{C|lawa}}
{{C|meli}}
{{C|taso}}
{{C|ale}}
{{C|sewi}}
{{C|mije}}
{{C|sitelen}}
{{C|musi}}
{{C|nasin}}
{{C|wawa}}
{{C|sin}}
{{C|kin}}
{{C|weka}}
{{C|wan}}
{{C|ante}}
{{C|nasa}}
{{C|tu}}
{{C|awen}}
{{C|pakala}}
{{C|soweli}}
{{C|en}}
{{C|lipu}}
{{C|sike}}
{{C|poka}}
{{C|mani}}
{{C|mama}}
{{C|ali}}
{{C|lape}}
{{C|kalama}}
{{C|open}}
{{C|olin}}
{{C|len}}
{{C|kon}}
{{C|luka}}
{{C|kasi}}
{{C|seli}}
{{C|nimi}}
{{C|insa}}
{{C|utala}}
{{C|supa}}
{{C|pimeja}}
{{C|moli}}
{{C|sijelo}}
{{C|kute}}
{{C|kulupu}}
{{C|esun}}
{{C|poki}}
{{C|anpa}}
{{C|nanpa}}
{{C|linja}}
{{C|noka}}
{{C|uta}}
{{C|sinpin}}
{{C|suwi}}
{{C|kiwen}}
{{C|lete}}
{{C|akesi}}
{{C|kule}}
{{C|lupa}}
{{C|monsi}}
{{C|a}}
{{C|selo}}
{{C|walo}}
{{C|kili}}
{{C|jaki}}
{{C|ko}}
{{C|loje}}
{{C|waso}}
{{C|nena}}
{{C|pipi}}
{{C|pan}}
{{C|mun}}
{{C|palisa}}
{{C|alasa}}
{{C|jelo}}
{{C|kala}}
{{C|laso}}
{{C|unpa}}
{{C|mu}}
{{C|pu}}

User:Aquatiki/Kintu

2025-11-14T14:34:50Z

Aquatiki: can't delete

#REDIRECT [[User:Aquatiki]]

User:Aquatiki/Neo-Sanskrit

2025-11-14T14:27:49Z

Aquatiki: redirect

#REDIRECT [[User:Aquatiki]]

Linguistics:Universal Language/Swadesh

2025-11-14T14:09:27Z

Aquatiki: redirect

#REDIRECT [[User:Aquatiki]]

Universal Languages

2025-11-14T14:00:00Z

Aquatiki: redirect

#REDIRECT [[User:Aquatiki]]

単亜語/Anthropology

2025-09-17T21:33:18Z

Aquatiki: tag

Dan'a'yo returns a shared world of the [[w:East Asian cultural sphere]]. The ancient [[w:Imperial examination]] ({{Ruby|科挙|<big>콰교</big>}}) created a common experience across the region. Everyone read the same [[w:Chinese classics]] and learned the same law codes. Peoples from various language families were nevertheless united and could communicate. With the advent of the internet and Unicode, there is an avenue for peaceful interaction, a reunification of shared cultural and linguistic norms. By taking [[w:Classical Chinese]] and updating it, Dan'a'yo can serve as a bridge for those who have drifted apart.

== WALS ==
[http://wals.info WALS] is the greatest cross-linguistic comparison tool out.

{| class="wikitable"
!
! WALS
!Dan'a'yo
!Chinese
!Japanese
!Korean
!Vietnamese
|-
! Headed
|||{{Some|Mixed}}||{{Some|Mixed}}||{{No|Final}}||{{No|Final}}||{{Yes|Initial}}
|-
! Adjective-Verb
|||{{Yes|Stative Verbs}}||{{No|Distinct}}||{{Yes|Stative verbs}}||{{Yes|Stative verbs}}||{{Yes|Stative verbs}}
|-
! Typology
|||{{Yes|Analytic}}||{{Yes|Analytic}}||{{No|Agglutinative}}||{{No|Agglutinative}}||{{Yes|Analytic}}
|-
! Honorifics
|||{{Yes}}||{{Some|Lexical titles}}||{{Yes}}||{{Yes}}||{{Yes}}
|-
! Topic-Prominent
|||{{Yes}}||{{Yes}}||{{Yes}}||{{Yes}}||{{Some}}
|-
! Isochrony
|||{{Yes|Syllable}}||{{Yes|Syllable}}||{{Some|Mora}}||{{Yes|Syllable}}||{{No|Word}}
|-
! Pro-drop
|||{{Yes}}||{{Some|Mostly}}||{{Yes}}||{{Yes}}||{{Yes}}
|-
! Noun-Verb Distinct
|||{{Yes}}||{{No}}||{{Yes}}||{{Yes}}||{{Yes}}
|-
! P T K B D G
|5||{{Some|Other gaps}} || {{Some|Other gaps}} || {{No|No gaps}} || {{Some|Other gaps}} || {{Some|Other gaps}}
|-
! Voiced Consonants Contrast
|4||{{Yes|Fricatives and Plosives}}||{{Some|Fricatives alone}}||{{Yes|Fricatives and Plosives}}||{{No}}||{{Some|Fricatives alone}}
|-
! Tone
|13||{{No}}||{{Yes|4}}||{{Some|Pitch accent}}||{{No}}||{{Yes|6}}
|-
! Syllable Accent
|14||higher pitch for first syllable||||Underlies Tokyo pitch accent||||
|-
!Morpheme Fusion
|20||{{Yes|concatenative}}||{{Some|isolating and concatenative}}||{{Yes|Exclusively concatenative}}||{{Yes|Exclusively concatenative}}||{{No|Exclusively isolating}}
|-
! Noun morpheme complexity
|21A||{{Yes|1}}||{{Yes|1}}||{{Yes|1}}||{{Yes|1}}||{{No|0}}
|-
! Verb morpheme complexity
|21B||{{Yes|1}}||{{Yes|1}}||{{Yes|1}}||{{Yes|1}}||{{Yes|1}}
|-
! Maximal Verb categories
|22||{{No}}||{{No}}||{{Yes|4}}||{{Yes|6}}||{{No}}
|-
! Marking in clauses, NPs, and whole language
|23, 24, 25A||{{Yes|Dependent}}||{{Yes|Dependent}}||{{Yes|Dependent}}||{{Yes|Dependent}}||{{No|None}}
|-
! A and P marking
|25B||{{Yes|non-zero}}||{{Yes|non-zero}}||{{Yes|non-zero}}||{{Yes|non-zero}}||{{No|zero}}
|-
! Inflections:
|26||{{Yes|Suffixing}}||{{Yes|Suffixing}}||{{Yes|Suffixing}}||{{Yes|Suffixing}}||{{No|Not much}}
|-
! Reduplication
|27||{{Yes|full and partial}}||{{Yes|full and partial}}||{{Yes|full only|some}}||{{Yes|full and partial}}||{{Yes|full and partial}}
|-
! Case
|28||{{No}}||{{No}}||{{No}}||{{No}}||{{No}}
|-
! Verbal person/number
|29||{{No}}||{{No}}||{{No}}||{{No}}||{{No}}
|-
! Plurals
|33||{{Yes|suffix}}||{{Yes|suffix}}||{{Yes|suffix}}||{{Yes|suffix}}||{{No|suppletion}}
|-
! Plurals option
|34||{{Yes|optional, only on humans}}||{{Yes|optional, only on humans}}||{{Yes|optional, only on humans}}||{{Yes|optional, only on humans}}||{{Some|optional for all nouns}}
|-
! Plurals pronouns
|35||{{Yes|person stem + nominal plural affix}}||{{Yes|Person stem + nominal plural affix}}||{{Yes|Person stem + nominal plural affix}}||{{Some|Person-number stem + nominal plural affix}}||{{Yes|Person stem + pronominal plural affix}}
|-
! Associative Plural
|36||{{Yes|same as additive}}||{{Some|periphrastic}}||{{Yes|same as additive}}||{{Yes|same as additive}}||{{No|none}}
|-
! Articles
|37||{{Yes|indefinite}}||{{Yes|only indefinite}}||{{Yes|only indefinite}}||{{Some|periphrastic indefinite}}||{{No|both}}
|-
! Clusivity
|39||{{No}}||{{Yes}}||{{No}}||{{No}}||{{Some}}
|-
! Deixis
|41||{{Yes|Three-way}}||{{No|Two-way}}||{{Yes|Three-way}}||{{Yes|Three way}}||{{Some|Three way defective}}
|-
! Demonstratives
|42||||||||||
|-
! Gender
|44||{{Yes|Pronouns}}||{{Yes|Pronouns}}||{{Yes|Pronouns}}||{{No}}||{{Yes|Pronouns}}
|-
! Pronoun politeness
|45||{{Yes|drop}}||{{Some|binary forms}}||{{Yes|drop}}||{{Yes|drop}}||{{Yes|drop}}
|-
! Indefinite pronoun
|46||{{Yes|interrogative}}||{{Some|mixed}}||{{Yes|interrogative}}||{{Yes|interrogative}}||{{Yes|interrogative}}
|-
! Reflexive = intense
|47||{{Yes}}||{{Yes}}||{{Yes}}||{{Yes}}||{{Yes}}
|-
! Cases distinguished
|49||{{Yes|4}}||{{No}}||{{Yes|8}}||{{Yes|7}}||{{No}}
|-
! Cases on phrases
|50||{{Yes}}||{{No}}||{{Yes}}||{{Yes}}||{{No}}
|-
! Markers
|51||{{Yes|Postposition}}||{{Some|not exactly}}||{{Yes|Postpositions}}||{{Yes|Postpositions}}||{{Some|not exactly}}
|-
! Distributive numerals
|54||suffix?||{{No}}||suffixing||suffixing||{{No}}
|-
! Classifier
|55||{{Yes}}||{{Yes}}||{{Yes}}||{{Yes}}||{{Yes}}
|-
| Genitive/Adj/Rel. Clause||60||Fully collapse?||weakly differentiated||Some morphological difference||highly differentiated||Adjectives and relative clauses collapsed
|-
| Lone adjectives||61||marked on next?||marked on next word||depends on conjugation class||marked on next word||marked on previous word
|-
! Action Nominal Clause
|62||{{No}}||{{No}}||{{Yes|double possessive}}||{{Some|sentential}}||{{1|possessive accusative}}
|-
! And=With
|63||{{No}}||{{Yes}}||{{Yes}}||{{No}}||{{No}}
|-
! Noun-And=Verb-And
|64||{{No}}||{{No}}||{{No}}||{{No}}||{{Yes}}
|-
! TAM marker
|69||{{Yes|suffix}}||{{Some|suffix and prefix}}||{{Yes|suffixing}}||{{Yes|suffixing}}||{{No|prefix}}
|-
! Special Prohibative
|71||{{Yes}}||{{Yes}}||{{Yes}}||{{Yes}}||{{Yes}}
|-
! Possibility
|74||{{Yes|verbal construction}}||{{Yes|verbal construction}}||{{Some|verbal affix}}||{{No|other}}||{{Yes|verbal construction}}
|-
! Word order
|81||{{No|SVO}}||{{No|SVO}}||{{Yes|SOV}}||{{Yes|SOV}}||{{No|SVO}}
|-
! Subject Verb
|82||{{Yes|SV}}||{{Yes|SV}}||{{Yes|SV}}||{{Yes|SV}}||{{Yes|SV}}
|-
! Object Verb
|83||{{No|VO}}||{{No|VO}}||{{Yes|OV}}||{{Yes|OV}}||{{No|VO}}
|-
! Object Oblique Verb
|84||{{Yes|XVO}}||{{Some|XVO / VOX}}||{{Yes|XOV}}||{{Yes|XOV}}||{{No|VOX}}
|-
! Adposition
|85||{{Yes|Postpositions}}||{{no|not exactly}}||{{Yes|Postpositions}}||{{Yes|Postpositions}}||{{No|not exactly}}
|-
! Genitive vs noun
|86||{{Yes|Genitive-Noun}}||{{Yes|Genitive-Noun}}||{{Yes|Genitive-Noun}}||{{Yes|Genitive-Noun}}||{{No|Noun-Genitive}}
|-
! Adjective-Noun
|87||{{Yes|Adjective-Noun}}||{{Yes|Adjective-Noun}}||{{Yes|Adjective-Noun}}||{{Yes|Adjective-Noun}}||{{No|Noun-Adjective}}
|-
! Demonstrative-Noun
|88||{{Yes|Demonstrative-Noun}}||{{Yes|Demonstrative-Noun}}||{{Yes|Demonstrative-Noun}}||{{Yes|Demonstrative-Noun}}||{{Yes|Noun-Demonstrative}}
|-
! Numeral-Noun
|89||{{Yes|Numeral-Noun}}||{{Yes|Numeral-Noun}}||{{Yes|Numeral-Noun}}||{{Yes|Numeral-Noun}}||{{Yes|Numeral-Noun}}
|-
! Relative Clause-Noun
|90||{{Yes|Relative Clause-Noun}}||{{Yes|Relative Clause-Noun}}||{{Yes|Relative Clause-Noun}}||{{Yes|Relative Clause-Noun}}||{{No|Noun-Relative Clause}}
|-
! Polar Question Particle
|92||{{Yes|Final}}||{{Yes|Final}}||{{Yes|Final}}||{{No}}||{{Yes|Final}}
|-
! Wh-word in situ
|93||{{Yes}}||{{Yes}}||{{Yes}}||{{Yes}}||{{Yes}}
|-
! Adverbial Subordinator and Clause
|94||{{Yes|Final}}||{{Some|Mixed}}||{{Yes|Final}}||{{Yes|Final}}||{{No|Initial}}
|-
! Object adposition
|95||{{Yes|OV and post}}||{{Some|mixed}}||{{Yes|OV and post}}||{{Yes|OV and post}}||{{No|VO and pre}}
|-
! VO RC Noun
|96||{{Yes|VO-RC-N}}||{{Yes|VO-RC-N}}||{{Some|OV-RC-N}}||{{Some|OV-RC-N}}||{{Yes|VO-N-RC}}
|-
! VO Adj Noun
|97||{{Yes|VO-Adj-N}}||{{Yes|VO-Adj-N}}||{{Some|OV-Adj-N}}||{{Some|OV-Adj-N}}||{{Yes|VO-N-Adj}}
|-
! Morphosyntax
|98, 99||{{Yes|N-A}}||{{Some|Neutral}}||{{Yes|N-A}}||{{Yes|N-A}}||{{Some|Neutral}}
|-
! Ditransitives
|105||{{Yes|indirect-direct}}||{{Some|Mixed}}||{{Yes|indirect-direct}}||{{Yes|indirect-direct}}||{{No|double object}}
|-
! Interrogative
|116||{{Yes|Particles}}||{{Yes|Particle}}||{{Yes|Particle}}||{{No|Verb morphology}}||{{Yes|Particle}}
|-
! Possession
|117||{{Yes|Topic}}||{{Yes|Topic}}||{{No|Location}}||{{No|Location}}||{{Yes|Topic}}
|}

Also, common nouns precede proper nouns in apposition.

== Languages ==
The language communities that Dan'a'yo seeks to incorporate and unify are Chinese, Japanese, Korean, and to a lesser extent, Vietnamese. Korea and Japan have long formed a sprachbund already, and have many calques and grammatical features in common. They even share some vocabulary. There are those who think they are genetically related, but that has yet to be conclusively proven.

There is some additional similarities that must occur with southern Sino-Tibetan languages, but that is not a design goal, merely a consequence.

=== Proto ===
There is no proto-language which all our source languages are supposedly descended from. Our ancient form is Classical Chinese, which is well-known and actually exists in documented form.

{| class="bluetable lightbluebg"
|+ Correspondences of initial consonants
|-
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" | Middle Chinese
! rowspan="2" | Sino-Vietnamese
! rowspan="2" | Sino-Korean
! colspan="3" | Sino-Japanese
! rowspan="2" | Mandarin
! rowspan="2" | Cantonese
! rowspan="2" | {{PAGENAME}}
|-
! Go-on !! Kan-on !! Tōsō-on
|-
! rowspan="4" | Labials
| 幫 p || p > b || rowspan="3" | p/pʰ || rowspan="2" | ɸ > h || rowspan="3" | ɸ > h || rowspan="3" | ɸ > h
| p/f || p/f
! rowspan="3" | p
|-
| 滂 pʰ || pʰ
| pʰ/f || pʰ/f
|-
| 並 b || b
| b > b/ph/v
| pʰ/p/f || pʰ/p/f
|-
| 明 m || m > m/v || m || m || b<ref>Yields ''m-'' in syllables ending in original ''-ng''.</ref> || m
| m/w || m
! m
|-
! rowspan="5" | Dentals
| 端 t || t > đ || rowspan="3" | t/tʰ || rowspan="2" | t || rowspan="3" | t || rowspan="3" | t
| t || t
! rowspan="3" | t
|-
| 透 tʰ || tʰ > th
| tʰ || tʰ
|-
| 定 d || d > đ || d
| tʰ/d || tʰ/d
|-
| 泥 n || n || n || n || d<ref>Yields ''n-'' in syllables ending in original ''-ng''</ref> || n
| n || n~l
! n
|-
| 來 l || l || l || r || r || r
| l || l
! l
|-
! Retroflex nasal
| 娘 ɳ
| n || n~ø || n || d ||
| n || n~l
! ny
|-
! rowspan="3" | Retroflex stops
| 知 ʈ || ʈ > tr || rowspan="6" | tʰ/tɕ/tɕʰ || rowspan="2" | t || rowspan="3" | t || rowspan="17" | s
| tʂ || ts
! rowspan="3" | t
|-
| 徹 ʈʰ || ʂ > s
| tʂʰ || tsʰ
|-
| 澄 ɖ || ɖ > tr || d
| tʂʰ, tʂ || tsʰ, ts
|-
! rowspan="6" | Dental sibilants
| 精 ts || s > t || rowspan="2" | s || rowspan="14" | s
| ts, tɕ || ts
! rowspan="3" | j
|-
| 清 tsʰ || ɕ > th
| tsʰ, tɕʰ || tsʰ
|-
| 從 dz || rowspan="3" | s > t || z
| tsʰ, tɕʰ, ts, tɕ || tsʰ, ts
|-
| 心 s || rowspan="3" | s || s
| s || s
! rowspan="2" | s
|-
| 邪 z || z
| tsʰ, ts || z, ʑ
|-
| 俟 ʐ
| s || z
| tʂʰ, s || tsʰ, ts
! sy
|-
! rowspan="4" | Retroflex sibilants
| 莊 tʂ || ʈ > tr || rowspan="3" | tɕ/tɕʰ || rowspan="2" | s
| tʂ, ts || ts
! rowspan="3" | j
|-
| 初 tʂʰ || rowspan="3" | ʂ > s
| tʂʰ, tsʰ || tsʰ
|-
| 崇 dʐ || z
| tʂʰ, tsʰ, tʂ, ʂ || tsʰ, ts, s
|-
| 生 ʂ || s || rowspan="3" | s
| ʂ, s || s
! sy
|-
! rowspan="7" | Palatals
| 章 tɕ || c > ch || rowspan="2" | tɕ/tɕʰ
| tʂ || ts
! rowspan="3" | j
|-
| 昌 tɕʰ || tʃ > x
| tʂʰ || tsʰ
|-
| 禪 dʑ || rowspan="3" | ɕ > th || rowspan="3" | s || z
| tʂʰ, ʂ || tsʰ, ts, s
|-
| 書 ɕ || s || ʂ || s
! rowspan="2" | sy
|-
| 船 ʑ || z || s ||
| tʂʰ, ʂ || s
|-
| 日 ny || ɲ > nh || z > ∅ || n || z || z || ɻ, ʔ || j
! ny
|-
| 以 j
| d || ø || j || j ||
| j, w~ʋ || j, w
! y
|-
! rowspan="4" | Velars
| 見 k || k > c/g || rowspan="2" | k/h || rowspan="2" | k || rowspan="3" | k || rowspan="3" | k
| k, tɕ || k, kʷ
! rowspan="3" | k
|-
| 溪 kʰ || kʰ > kh
| kʰ, tɕʰ || h, f, kʰ, kʰʷ
|-
| 群 g || ɡ > c || k || rowspan="2" | g
| kʰ, tɕʰ, k, tɕ || kʰ, kʰʷ, k, kʷ
|-
| 疑 ŋ || ŋ > ng || h || g || g
| ʔ~ɰ, j, w~ʋ, n || ŋ, ʔ, j
! rowspan="2" | ø
|-
! rowspan="4" | Laryngeals
| 影 ʔ || ʔ > y || ∅ || ∅ || ∅ || rowspan="3" | ∅
| ʔ, j, w~ʋ || ʔ, j, w
|-
| 曉 h || rowspan="2" | h || rowspan="2" | h || k || rowspan="2" | k
| x, ɕ || h, f, j
! rowspan="2" | h
|-
| 匣 ɦ || ɣ > g/w
| x, ɕ || h, w
|-
| 云 ɦj
| v, h || ø || j || j ||
| j, w~ʋ || j, w
! ø
|}

== Phonologies ==
Korean has a tense/lax system which is completely unknown to the others in the region. Japanese alone contrasts voiced/unvoiced, instead of aspirated/un-aspirated like the rest. The Chineses have contour tones which are much more complicated than JK pitch accent system. All these features must be ignored as they have no common parallels.

Korean has the most robust phonotactics, with CVC syllables allowing many kinds of consonants in the coda. Mandarin has only /n/ and /ŋ/ there. Japanese has gemination – which doubles the next voiceless stop, and a homorganic nasal – which can be /m/, /n/, or /ŋ~ɴ/. In short, a rough compromise is possible, with everyone having to learn ''something'', but nothing like what it would take to learn any other language.

== Orthographies ==
Chinese characters have roughly stayed the same for 1,000 years, but some changes have crept in. The most overreaching is the Simplified characters of mainland China, which are utterly dependent upon Mandarin pronunciation and incompatible with the region as a whole. Korean uses ancient versions, which are sometimes grossly out of date and far more obtuse than what others write. A strong, compromise position is to use Japanese Shinjitai, which has mild updates and simplifications to some characters.

A phonetic alphabet is hard to agree upon. Japanese hiragana and katakana are no capable of indicating precise coda consonants.
Bopomofo is a decent phonographic system, however it is not well-known. Extended-Bopomofo is even less so, and would have to use many rare characters.
Korean Hangul is generally well-suited. However, find /u/ is not supported, and must be accomplished by a work-around at present.

== Prolegomena ==
Multilingual dictionary sources – such as Wiktionary – already document much of the vocabulary in common across the Far East Asian region. Selection of a limited number of Chinese characters must involve a kind of voting process.

== Implementation ==
Japan is well-positioned to begin education of Dan'a'yo at an early age. Korean politics are unfortunately embroiled over a senseless debate about the national character of learning Chinese characters, a holdover from the war and the product of pride. Chinese standard education frowns upon teaching grammar, but there is a revival of Classical education. Many teaching resources are still needed.

{{Aquatiki}}
<references />
[[Category:Dan'a'yo]]

単亜語/聖経

2025-09-17T21:31:44Z

Aquatiki: tag

== Names ==
* YHWH -> 偕者
* Jesus -> 偕救

{{Aquatiki}}

単亜語/大学

2025-08-15T19:51:12Z

Aquatiki: 7

{{Vtext-css3|1.{{WR|大学|||대학}}{{WR|之|||티}}{{WR|道|||닷}}，{{WR|在|||재}}{{WR|明||説|숻명}}{{WR|明徳|||명둑}}，{{WR|在|||재}}{{WR|新||更|강신}}{{WR|民||人|닌민}}，{{WR|在|||재}}{{WR|止||停|덩지}}{{WR|於||ㄹ|오}}{{WR|至善|||즤션}}{{xxs|ㄹ}}。 
{{WR|知|||쥐}}{{WR|止||停|덩지}}{{WR|而後|||니홋}}{{WR|有|||유}}{{WR|定||決|퀃정}}，{{WR|定||決|퀃정}}{{WR|而後|||니홋}}{{WR|能||可|카눙}}{{WR|静||平|병정}}，{{WR|静||平|병정}}{{WR|而後|||니홋}}{{WR|能||可|카눙}}{{WR|安|心||안심}}， 
{{WR|安|心||안심}}{{WR|而後|||니홋}}{{WR|能||可|카눙}}{{WR|慮||考|캇료}}，{{WR|慮||考|캇료}}{{WR|而後|||니홋}}{{WR|能||可|카눙}}{{WR|得||取|촛둑}}。 
物有本末，事有終始，知所先後，則近道矣。
|float=right
}}
 
The point where to rest being known, the object of pursuit is then determined; and, that being determined, a calm unperturbedness may be attained to. To that calmness there will succeed a tranquil repose. In that repose there may be careful deliberation, and that deliberation will be followed by the attainment of the desired end. Things have their root and their branches. Affairs have their end and their beginning. To know what is first and what is last will lead near to what is taught in the Great Learning.

2
古之欲明明德於天下者，先治其國；欲治其國者，先齊其家；欲齊其家者，先修其身；欲修其身者，先正其心；欲正其心者，先誠其意；欲誠其意者，先致其知，致知在格物。物格而後知至，知至而後意誠，意誠而後心正，心正而後身修，身修而後家齊，家齊而後國治，國治而後天下平。自天子以至於庶人，壹是皆以修身為本。其本亂而末治者否矣，其所厚者薄，而其所薄者厚，未之有也！此謂知本，此謂知之至也。

3
所謂誠其意者，毋自欺也，如惡惡臭，如好好色，此之謂自謙，故君子必慎其獨也！小人閑居為不善，無所不至，見君子而後厭然，掩其不善，而著其善。人之視己，如見其肺肝然，則何益矣！此謂誠於中，形於外，故君子必慎其獨也。曾子曰：「十目所視，十手所指，其嚴乎！」富潤屋，德潤身，心廣體胖，故君子必誠其意。

4
《詩》云：「瞻彼淇澳，菉竹猗猗。有斐君子，如切如磋，如琢如磨。瑟兮僩兮，赫兮喧兮。有斐君子，終不可諠兮！」「如切如磋」者，道學也；「如琢如磨」者，自修也；「瑟兮僩兮」者，恂慄也；「赫兮喧兮」者，威儀也；「有斐君子，終不可諠兮」者，道盛德至善，民之不能忘也。《詩》云：「於戲前王不忘！」君子賢其賢而親其親，小人樂其樂而利其利，此以沒世不忘也。

5
《康誥》曰：「克明德。」《太甲》曰：「顧諟天之明命。」《帝典》曰：「克明峻德。」皆自明也。

6
湯之盤銘曰：「茍日新，日日新，又日新。」《康誥》曰：「作新民。」《詩》曰：「周雖舊邦，其命惟新。」是故君子無所不用其極。

=== 7 ===
{{Vtext-css3|七.《{{WR|詩|経||시겅}}》{{WR|伝|播||줜바}}:「{{WR|邦畿|||방긔}}{{WR|千里|||천리}},{{WR|唯|||웨}}{{WR|民||人|닌민}}{{WR|所|処|ㄹ|초}}{{WR|止||停|덩지}}{{xxs|ㄹ}}。」 
《{{WR|詩|経||시겅}}》{{WR|伝|播||줜바}}:「{{WR|綿蛮|||면만}}{{WR|黄鳥|||황촛}}，{{WR|止||停|덩지}}{{WR|于|於|ㄹ|오}}{{WR|丘隅|||큐웃}}{{xxs|ㄹ}}。」 
{{WR|子||孔|콩지}}{{WR|曰|||웓}}：「{{WR|於||ㄹ|오}}{{WR|止||停|덩지}}{{xxs|ㄹ}}，{{WR|知|||쥐}}{{WR|其|之||기티}}{{WR|所|処|ㄹ|초}}{{WR|止||停|덩지}}{{xxs|ㄹ}}, 

|float=right
}}
In the Book of Poetry, it is said, "The royal domain of a thousand li is where the people rest." In the Book of Poetry, it is said, "The twittering yellow bird rests on a corner of the mound." The Master said, "When it rests, it knows where to rest. Is it possible that a man should not be equal to this bird?" In the Book of Poetry, it is said, "Profound was King Wen. With how bright and unceasing a feeling of reverence did he regard his resting places!" As a sovereign, he rested in benevolence. As a minister, he rested in reverence. As a son, he rested in filial piety. As a father, he rested in kindness. In communication with his subjects, he rested in good faith.
 
7
《詩》伝：「邦畿千里，唯民所止。」《詩》云：「緡蠻黃鳥，止于丘隅。」子曰：「於止，知其所止，可以人而不如鳥乎？」《詩》云：「穆穆文王，於緝熙敬止！」為人君，止於仁；為人臣，止於敬；為人子，止於孝；為人父，止於慈；與國人交，止於信。

8
子曰：「聽訟，吾猶人也，必也使無訟乎！」無情者不得盡其辭，大畏民志。此謂知本。

9
所謂修身在正其心者：身有所忿懥，則不得其正；有所恐懼，則不得其正；有所好樂，則不得其正；有所憂患，則不得其正。心不在焉，視而不見，聽而不聞，食而不知其味。此謂修身在正其心。

10
所謂齊其家在修其身者：人之其所親愛而辟焉，之其所賤惡而辟焉，之其所畏敬而辟焉，之其所哀矜而辟焉，之其所敖惰而辟焉。故好而知其惡，惡而知其美者，天下鮮矣！故諺有之曰：「人莫知其子之惡，莫知其苗之碩。」此謂身不修不可以齊其家。

11
所謂治國必先齊其家者，其家不可教而能教人者，無之。故君子不出家而成教於國：孝者，所以事君也；弟者，所以事長也；慈者，所以使眾也。《康誥》曰：「如保赤子」，心誠求之，雖不中不遠矣。未有學養子而後嫁者也！一家仁，一國興仁；一家讓，一國興讓；一人貪戾，一國作亂。其機如此。此謂一言僨事，一人定國。堯、舜率天下以仁，而民從之；桀、紂率天下以暴，而民從之。其所令反其所好，而民不從。是故君子有諸己而後求諸人，無諸己而後非諸人。所藏乎身不恕，而能喻諸人者，未之有也。故治國在齊其家。《詩》云：「桃之夭夭，其葉蓁蓁；之子于歸，宜其家人。」宜其家人，而後可以教國人。《詩》云：「宜兄宜弟。」宜兄宜弟，而後可以教國人。《詩》云：「其儀不忒，正是四國。」其為父子兄弟足法，而後民法之也。此謂治國在齊其家。

12
所謂平天下在治其國者：上老老而民興孝，上長長而民興弟，上恤孤而民不倍，是以君子有絜矩之道也。所惡於上，毋以使下；所惡於下，毋以事上；所惡於前，毋以先後；所惡於後，毋以從前；所惡於右，毋以交於左；所惡於左，毋以交於右。此之謂絜矩之道。《詩》云：「樂只君子，民之父母。」民之所好好之，民之所惡惡之，此之謂民之父母。《詩》云：「節彼南山，維石巖巖。赫赫師尹，民具爾瞻。」有國者不可以不慎，辟則為天下戮矣。

13
《詩》云：「殷之未喪師，克配上帝。儀監于殷，峻命不易。」道得眾則得國，失眾則失國。是故君子先慎乎德。有德此有人，有人此有土，有土此有財，有財此有用。德者本也，財者末也，外本內末，爭民施奪。是故財聚則民散，財散則民聚。是故言悖而出者，亦悖而入；貨悖而入者，亦悖而出。《康誥》曰：「惟命不于常！」道善則得之，不善則失之矣。楚書曰：「楚國無以為寶，惟善以為寶。」舅犯曰：「亡人無以為寶，仁親以為寶。」

14
《秦誓》曰：「若有一个臣，斷斷兮無他技，其心休休焉，其如有容焉。人之有技，若己有之；人之彥聖，其心好之，不啻若自其口出。實能容之，以能保我子孫黎民，尚亦有利哉！人之有技，媢嫉以惡之；人之彥聖，而違之俾不通。實不能容，以不能保我子孫黎民，亦曰殆哉！」唯仁人放流之，迸諸四夷，不與同中國，此謂唯仁人為能愛人，能惡人。見賢而不能舉，舉而不能先，命也；見不善而不能退，退而不能遠，過也。好人之所惡，惡人之所好，是謂拂人之性，災必逮夫身。是故君子有大道，必忠信以得之，驕泰以失之。

15
生財有大道。生之者眾，食之者寡，為之者疾，用之者舒，則財恒足矣。仁者以財發身，不仁者以身發財。未有上好仁而下不好義者也，未有好義其事不終者也，未有府庫財非其財者也。

16
孟獻子曰：「畜馬乘，不察於雞豚；伐冰之家，不畜牛羊；百乘之家，不畜聚斂之臣。與其有聚斂之臣，寧有盜臣。」此謂國不以利為利，以義為利也。長國家而務財用者，必自小人矣。彼為善之，小人之使為國家，災害并至。雖有善者，亦無如之何矣！此謂國不以利為利，以義為利也。

{{Aquatiki}}

Contionary:壱

2025-08-14T22:35:21Z

Aquatiki:

== [[Dan'a'yo]] ==
{| class="floatright wikitable"
! colspan="2" | Fact Table
|-
! [[単亜語/Swadesh|Swadesh]]
| 22
|-
! 中
| [[単亜語/HSK/4|HSK/4]]
|-
! 日
| [[単亜語/常用/高等|高等]]
|-
! 韓
| [[単亜語/敎育用基礎漢字/高等|高等]]
|-
! colspan="2" | [[Contionary:SKIP/2/3/4|SKIP/2/3/4]]
|-
! colspan="2" | [[Contionary:Radical/33|Radical/33]] (士)
|}


=== Alternative Forms ===
Hanmun: {{C|읻}} ; Latin: {{C|'id}}; Unacceptable: 壹 , 弌

=== Pronunciation ===
(''Dan'a'yo'') [[Guide:IPA|IPA]]: /it̚/

=== Adjective ===
# loyal, faithful

=== Usage Notes ===
This is the anti-forgery version of {{C|一}}

{{Aquatiki}}
[[Category:Contionary]] [[Category:Dan'a'yo adjectives]] [[Category:Dan'a'yo words]]

Contionary:mute

2025-08-12T12:08:00Z

Aquatiki: Created page with "==Toki Pona== ===Etymology=== Esperanto: ''multe''; "a lot". It was coined by jan Sonja as of 8 August 2001. ===Pronunciation=== (''Toki Pona'') IPA: /ˈmu.te/ ===Content Words=== '''mute''' # a lot, many # quantity, muchness # 20 === Note === An alternative glyph for mute, specifically for the sense of "twenty" ⟨mute2⟩, is composed of four glyphs for luka ⟨luka⟩, with the left two mirrored to represent two pairs of hands. It was created as a li..."

==Toki Pona==
===Etymology===
Esperanto: ''multe''; "a lot". It was coined by jan Sonja as of 8 August 2001.

===Pronunciation===
(''Toki Pona'') [[Guide:IPA|IPA]]: /ˈmu.te/
===Content Words===
'''mute'''

# a lot, many
# quantity, muchness
# 20

=== Note ===
An alternative glyph for mute, specifically for the sense of "twenty" ⟨mute2⟩, is composed of four glyphs for luka ⟨luka⟩, with the left two mirrored to represent two pairs of hands. It was created as a ligature in the font Nishiki-teki on 2 November 2022, but was not originally acknowledged as a glyph for the word mute until jan Sonja used it on 1 January 2024[4] on ma pona pi toki pona. She went on to use it in su

{{Aquatiki}}
[[Category:Toki Pona content words]] [[Category:Toki Pona words]]

Contionary:kama

2025-08-12T11:49:28Z

Aquatiki: /* Toki Pona */ logo

==[[Aterran Imperial|Modern Standard Imperial]]==
[[Category:Modern Standard Imperial words]]
[[Category:Modern Standard Imperial nouns]]
[[Category:Modern Standard Imperial masculine nouns]]
{{Template: Modern Standard Imperial Pronuncation|ka.ma}}

===Noun===
'''kama''' (plural: '''''kekama''''')
# table, dining table
[[Category:Contionary]]

==Toki Pona==
===Etymology===
Tok Pisin: kamap; event, arrive, happen, become, bring about, summon (cognate with English coming). Created by Sonja Lang pre-pu.

===Pronunciation===
(''Toki Pona'') [[Guide:IPA|IPA]]: /ˈka.ma/
===Content Words===
'''kama'''

# VERB to come, to arrive, to become
# ADJECTIVE arriving, coming, future, summoned
# PRE-VERB to become, manage to, succeed in
# NOUN arrival, coming, the future

{{Aquatiki}}
[[Category:Toki Pona content words]] [[Category:Toki Pona words]]

単亜語/玉音放送

2025-08-09T16:52:27Z

Aquatiki:

== Dan'a'yo ==
{{Ruby|朕|짐}} {{Ruby|深察様|심찯양}}{{Ruby|鑑於已|감오이}} {{Ruby|世界|서겨}}{{Ruby|之|티}}{{Ruby|大勢|대서}}{{Ruby|与|요}}{{Ruby|帝国|테곡}}{{Ruby|之|티}}{{Ruby|現状|현좡}}{{Ruby|而|니}},
{{Ruby|欲図已|욕도이}} {{Ruby|非常|피샹}}{{Ruby|之|티}}{{Ruby|措置|초치}}{{Ruby|以|이}}{{Ruby|收拾|숫십}} {{Ruby|時局|시굑}},
{{Ruby|由玆|윳지}} {{Ruby|爾等|너둥}}{{Ruby|為|원}}{{Ruby|忠良|퉁량}}{{Ruby|之|티}}{{Ruby|臣民|신민}}{{Ruby|于|오}} {{Ruby|布告|보갓}}:

{{Ruby|朕|짐}} {{Ruby|令|렁}} {{Ruby|帝国|테곡}}{{Ruby|政府|지푸}} ({{Ruby|美英中蘇|미엉중소}}){{Ruby|四国|싀곡}}{{Ruby|于|오}}{{Ruby|通告|통갓}} {{Ruby|其人之|기닌티}}{{Ruby|共同|굥동}}{{Ruby|宣言|숸원}}{{Ruby|就|줏}}
{{Ruby|受諾|슈낙}}{{Ruby|之|티}}{{Ruby|主旨|주즤}}.

今
為了意図 {{Ruby|帝国|테곡}}{{Ruby|臣民|신민}} 康寧
為了共享萬邦共榮之楽

{{Ruby|御名|요밍}}{{Ruby|御璽|요서}}

{{Ruby|昭和|좃화}}:{{Ruby|二十|늬십}}{{Ruby|年|넌}}{{Ruby|八月󠄁|받웓}}{{Ruby|十四日|십싀닏}}

{{Ruby|内閣|뇌각}}{{Ruby|総理|종리}}{{Ruby|大臣|대신}}{{Ruby|男爵|남작}}{{Ruby|鈴木|렁목}}{{Ruby|貫太郎|관태랑}}(수주키칸타롯)

== Original Japanese ==
<poem>
朕󠄂深ク世界ノ大勢ト帝國ノ現狀トニ鑑ミ非常ノ措置ヲ以テ時局ヲ收拾セムト欲シ茲ニ忠良ナル爾臣民ニ吿ク
朕󠄂ハ帝國政府ヲシテ米英支蘇四國ニ對シ其ノ共同宣言ヲ受諾スル旨通󠄁吿セシメタリ

抑〻帝國臣民ノ康寧ヲ圖リ萬邦󠄂共榮ノ樂ヲ偕ニスルハ皇祖皇宗ノ遺󠄁範ニシテ朕󠄂ノ拳󠄁拳󠄁措カサル所󠄁
曩ニ米英二國ニ宣戰セル所󠄁以モ亦實ニ帝國ノ自存ト東亞ノ安定トヲ庻幾スルニ出テ他國ノ主󠄁權ヲ排シ領土ヲ侵󠄁スカ如キハ固ヨリ朕󠄂カ志ニアラス
然ルニ交󠄁戰已ニ四歲ヲ閱シ朕󠄂カ陸海將兵ノ勇󠄁戰朕󠄂カ百僚有司ノ勵精朕󠄂カ一億衆󠄁庻ノ奉公󠄁各〻最善ヲ盡セルニ拘ラス戰局必スシモ好轉セス
世界ノ大勢亦我ニ利アラス
加之敵ハ新ニ殘虐󠄁ナル爆彈ヲ使󠄁用シテ頻ニ無辜ヲ殺󠄀傷シ慘害󠄂ノ及󠄁フ所󠄁眞ニ測ルヘカラサルニ至ル
而モ尙交󠄁戰ヲ繼續セムカ終󠄁ニ我カ民族ノ滅亡󠄁ヲ招來スルノミナラス延󠄂テ人類ノ文󠄁明󠄁ヲモ破却スヘシ
斯ノ如クムハ朕󠄂何ヲ以テカ億兆ノ赤子ヲ保シ皇祖皇宗ノ神靈ニ謝セムヤ
是レ朕󠄂カ帝國政府ヲシテ共同宣言ニ應セシムルニ至レル所󠄁以ナリ
朕󠄂ハ帝國ト共ニ終󠄁始東亞ノ解放ニ協力セル諸盟󠄁邦󠄂ニ對シ遺󠄁憾ノ意󠄁ヲ表セサルヲ得ス
帝國臣民ニシテ戰陣ニ死シ職域ニ殉シ非命ニ斃レタル者及󠄁其ノ遺󠄁族ニ想ヲ𦤶セハ五內爲ニ裂ク
且戰傷ヲ負󠄂ヒ災禍ヲ蒙リ家業ヲ失ヒタル者ノ厚生ニ至リテハ朕󠄂ノ深ク軫念スル所󠄁ナリ
惟フニ今後帝國ノ受クヘキ苦難ハ固ヨリ尋󠄁常ニアラス
爾臣民ノ衷情󠄁モ朕󠄂善ク之ヲ知ル
然レトモ朕󠄂ハ時運󠄁ノ趨ク所󠄁堪ヘ難キヲ堪ヘ忍󠄁ヒ難キヲ忍󠄁ヒ以テ萬世ノ爲ニ太平󠄁ヲ開カムト欲ス
朕󠄂ハ茲ニ國體ヲ護持シ得テ忠良ナル爾臣民ノ赤誠󠄁ニ信倚シ常ニ爾臣民ト共ニ在リ
若シ夫レ情󠄁ノ激スル所󠄁濫ニ事端ヲ滋󠄁クシ或ハ同胞󠄁排擠互ニ時局ヲ亂リ爲ニ大道󠄁ヲ誤󠄁リ信義ヲ世界ニ失フカ如キハ朕󠄂最モ之ヲ戒ム
宜シク擧國一家子孫相傳ヘ確ク神州ノ不滅ヲ信シ任重クシテ道󠄁遠󠄁キヲ念ヒ總力ヲ將來ノ建󠄁設ニ傾ケ道󠄁義ヲ篤クシ志操ヲ鞏クシ誓テ國體ノ精華ヲ發揚シ世界ノ進󠄁運󠄁ニ後レサラムコトヲ期󠄁スヘシ
爾臣民其レ克ク朕󠄂カ意󠄁ヲ體セヨ
御名御璽
昭和二十年八月󠄁十四日
內閣總理大臣男爵󠄂鈴木貫太郞
</poem>

== English ==
''TO OUR GOOD AND LOYAL SUBJECTS,''

After pondering deeply the general trends of the world and the actual conditions obtaining in our empire today, we have decided to effect a settlement of the present situation by resorting to an extraordinary measure.

We have ordered our government to communicate to the governments of the United States, Great Britain, China and the Soviet Union that our empire accepts the provisions of their joint declaration.

To strive for the common prosperity and happiness of all nations as well as the security and well-being of our subjects is the solemn obligation which has been handed down by our imperial ancestors and which lies close to our heart.

Indeed, we declared war on America and Britain out of our sincere desire to ensure Japan's self-preservation and the stabilization of East Asia, it being far from our thought either to infringe upon the sovereignty of other nations or to embark upon territorial aggrandizement.

But now the war has lasted for nearly four years. Despite the best that has been done by everyone – the gallant fighting of the military and naval forces, the diligence and assiduity of our servants of the state, and the devoted service of our one hundred million people – the war situation has developed not necessarily to Japan's advantage, while the general trends of the world have all turned against her interest.

Moreover, the enemy has begun to employ a new and most cruel bomb, the power of which to do damage is, indeed, incalculable, taking the toll of many innocent lives. Should we continue to fight, not only would it result in an ultimate collapse and obliteration of the Japanese nation, but also it would lead to the total extinction of human civilization.

Such being the case, how are we to save the millions of our subjects, or to atone ourselves before the hallowed spirits of our imperial ancestors? This is the reason why we have ordered the acceptance of the provisions of the joint declaration of the powers.

We cannot but express the deepest sense of regret to our allied nations of East Asia, who have consistently cooperated with the Empire towards the emancipation of East Asia.

The thought of those officers and men as well as others who have fallen in the fields of battle, those who died at their posts of duty, or those who met with untimely death and all their bereaved families, pains our heart night and day.

The welfare of the wounded and the war-sufferers, and of those who have lost their homes and livelihood, are the objects of our profound solicitude.

The hardships and sufferings to which our nation is to be subjected hereafter will be certainly great. We are keenly aware of the inmost feelings of all of you, our subjects. However, it is according to the dictates of time and fate that We have resolved to pave the way for a grand peace for all the generations to come by enduring the unendurable and suffering what is insufferable.

Having been able to safeguard and maintain the Kokutai, We are always with you, our good and loyal subjects, relying upon your sincerity and integrity.

Beware most strictly of any outbursts of emotion which may engender needless complications, or any fraternal contention and strife which may create confusion, lead you astray and cause you to lose the confidence of the world.

Let the entire nation continue as one family from generation to generation, ever firm in its faith in the imperishability of its sacred land, and mindful of its heavy burden of responsibility, and of the long road before it.

Unite your total strength, to be devoted to construction for the future. Cultivate the ways of rectitude, foster nobility of spirit, and work with resolution – so that you may enhance the innate glory of the imperial state and keep pace with the progress of the world.

Hirohito (Privy Seal)

Tokyo, August 14, 1945 (20th year of Shōwa)

— Prime Minister Kantarō Suzuki

Contionary:tomo

2025-08-07T14:32:45Z

Aquatiki: Created page with "==Toki Pona== ===Etymology=== From Esperanto domo ("house"). It was coined by jan Sonja as of 9 August 2001. ===Pronunciation=== (''Toki Pona'') IPA: /to.mo/ ===Content Word=== '''tomo''' # NOUN indoor space; building, home, house, room # ADJECTIVE domestic, structural, residential {{Aquatiki}} Category:Toki Pona content words Category:Toki Pona words"

==Toki Pona==
===Etymology===
From Esperanto domo ("house"). It was coined by jan Sonja as of 9 August 2001.

===Pronunciation===
(''Toki Pona'') [[Guide:IPA|IPA]]: /to.mo/
===Content Word===
'''tomo'''

# NOUN indoor space; building, home, house, room
# ADJECTIVE domestic, structural, residential

{{Aquatiki}}
[[Category:Toki Pona content words]] [[Category:Toki Pona words]]

Contionary:tan

2025-08-07T14:30:48Z

Aquatiki: /* Toki Pona */ logo

==Ayeri==
{{Contains Ayeri}}
===Pronunciation===
{{qay-IPA}}
===Pronoun===
{{head|qay|pronoun|cat2=personal pronouns|head=tnF}}
# {{n-g|third-person masculine plural genitive pronoun}}
===See also===
{{qay-pp}}

==[[Hakdor]]==
[[Category: Hakdor words]]
[[Category: Hakdor adjectives]]
{{Template: Hakdor Pronuncation|tan|taŋ}}
{{Template: Hakdor Alternates|tang}}

===Adjective===
'''tan'''
# yellow, #FFFF00

==Wakensi==
===Etymology===
from Proto-Cramarian *''taɳ''

===Pronunciation===
(''Wakensi'') [[Guide:IPA|IPA]]: /tan/
===Noun===
'''tan'''

# sister.
# first-cousin.

====Inflection====
====Usage notes====

[[Category:Contionary]] [[Category:Wakensi nouns]] [[Category:Wakensi words]] [[Category:Family members]]

==Toki Pona==
===Etymology===
Cantonese: 從 (tsung); 'from'. Created by Sonja Lang pre-pu.

===Pronunciation===
(''Toki Pona'') [[Guide:IPA|IPA]]: /tan/
===Content Word===
'''tan'''

# PREPOSITION by, from, because of, on behalf of, per, since
# NOUN basis, cause, factor, incentive, motive, origin, purpose, reason, source

{{Aquatiki}}
[[Category:Toki Pona content words]] [[Category:Toki Pona words]]

単亜語/四字成語

2025-08-05T17:38:49Z

Aquatiki: Created page with "{{Ruby|四字成語|싀지싱요}} have a long pedigree. == 単亜語 Ethos == * {{Ruby|少即是多|솟직서다}} - less is more * {{Ruby|読朝鮮決|독잣션퀃}} - Korea picks the sound * {{Ruby|覧昭和決|람좃화퀃}} - Japan picks the character * {{Ruby|文言現代|문언현대}} - classical and modern * {{Ruby|一字一音|읻지읻움}} - one sound per character * {{Ruby|毎字明意|뫼지명이}} - one clear meaning per character * {{Ruby|単語熟語|..."

{{Ruby|四字成語|싀지싱요}} have a long pedigree.

== 単亜語 Ethos ==
* {{Ruby|少即是多|솟직서다}} - less is more
* {{Ruby|読朝鮮決|독잣션퀃}} - Korea picks the sound
* {{Ruby|覧昭和決|람좃화퀃}} - Japan picks the character
* {{Ruby|文言現代|문언현대}} - classical and modern
* {{Ruby|一字一音|읻지읻움}} - one sound per character
* {{Ruby|毎字明意|뫼지명이}} - one clear meaning per character
* {{Ruby|単語熟語|단요숙요}} - simple characters, familiar idioms
* {{Ruby|合漢再決|곱한재퀃}} - sinosphere unity
* {{Ruby|声形和決|싱헝화퀃}} - sound and form together
* {{Ruby|文音共決|문움굥퀃}} - script and sound united
* {{Ruby|百家共承|박가굥숭}} - we all learn from all
* {{Ruby|東亜自通|동아즤통}} - east Asian unity
* {{Ruby|選士唯賢|숸새예헌}} - meritocracy
* {{Ruby|先題後述|선테홋숟}} - topic-comment word order
* {{Ruby|異体不容|이테볻용}} - no to variants
* {{Ruby|修飾先行|숫식선항}} - modifiers first
* {{Ruby|義重於音|위총오움}} - meaning over sound

== Bible ==
* {{Ruby|生機勃勃|상긔볻볻}} - life abundant
* {{Ruby|開天辟地|캐턴퍽듸}} - Open Heaven, Crack the Earth
* {{Ruby|天圓地方|턴원듸팡}} - Heaven is Round, Earth is Square
* {{Ruby|万物生長|몬묻상장}}
* {{Ruby|帰塵帰土|귀진귀토}}
* {{Ruby|主宰万物|주재몬묻}}
* {{Ruby|不遠千里|볻온천리}}
* {{Ruby|海闊天空|해콷턴콩}}
* {{Ruby|骨肉相連|곧눅상련}}
* {{Ruby|結髪夫妻|걷받부체}}
* {{Ruby|白頭偕老|박진겨랏}}
* {{Ruby|成家立業|싱가립업}}
* {{Ruby|尊敬父母|존경부못}}
* {{Ruby|汗食帰泥|한식귀네}}
* {{Ruby|招災引禍|촛재인화}}
* {{Ruby|禍延子孫|화연지손}}
* {{Ruby|世仇宿敵|서규숙덕}}
* {{Ruby|破頭傷足|파톳샹족}}
* {{Ruby|加哀痛産|가애통산}}
* {{Ruby|欲夫治汝|욕부치뇌}}
* {{Ruby|詛地哀食|조듸애식}}
* {{Ruby|荊棘荻蓬|켱긱덕붕}}
* {{Ruby|世間罪盛|서간죄싱}}
* {{Ruby|邪心常悪|샤심샹악}}
* {{Ruby|財愛悪根|채애악간}}
* {{Ruby|十人不滅|십닌볻먿}}
* {{Ruby|除我無神|제아무신}}
* {{Ruby|上下無偶|샹하무옷}}
* {{Ruby|勿妄称名|묻망칭밍}}
* {{Ruby|六作一止|룩작읻덩}}
* {{Ruby|殺姦窃偽|삳간첟원}}
* {{Ruby|勿貪隣物|묻탐린묻}}
* {{Ruby|引出奴家|인춛노가}}
* {{Ruby|瑠璃清天|류러칭턴}}
* {{Ruby|血誓盟約|훧서명약}}
* {{Ruby|指記二碑|즤기늬비}}
* {{Ruby|雲昼火夜|운줏화야}}
* {{Ruby|愛主耳錐|애주니쥐}}
* {{Ruby|愛隣如自|애린뇨즤}}
* {{Ruby|心性意力|심싱이릭}}
* {{Ruby|乳蜜流地|누믿류듸}}
* {{Ruby|不打不成器|볻다볻싱킈}}
* {{Ruby|事事皆旧|지지겨귯}}
* {{Ruby|飲食歓楽|움식환락}}
* {{Ruby|豹斑改乎|뱟반개호}}
* {{Ruby|金銀銅鉄|김인동턷}}
* {{Ruby|数数衡分|수수항분}}
* {{Ruby|銀盤呈首|인반딩슈}}
* {{Ruby|塩地光世|염듸쾅서}}
* {{Ruby|珠投豬前|주돗조전}}
* {{Ruby|羊衣餓狼|양의아랑}}
* {{Ruby|家分不立|가분볻립}}
* {{Ruby|多召少選|다숏솟숸}}
* {{Ruby|剣生劍死|곰살곰싀}}
* {{Ruby|道活墨殺|닷홛묵삳}}
* {{Ruby|種瓜得瓜|종과둑과}}
* {{Ruby|愛偕者神|애겨차신}}

単亜語

2025-08-05T16:54:42Z

Aquatiki: /* Sample */

{{Infobox Universal Language
| color = #CDCB2B
| name = Dan'a'yo
| altname = 単亜語
| Writing System = 新字体
| region = East Asia
| genders =0
| cases = 0
| alignment =
| proto = [[w:Sinosphere]]
| Type = Analytic
| word-order = SVO
| child1 = [[w:Korean language]]
| child2 = [[w:Japanese language]]
| child3 = [[w:Chinese language]]
| child4 = [[w:Vietnamese language]]
| population = 1500
| flag =East asian flag.png
}}
{{Ruby|単亜語|단아요}} is a zonal auxlang<ref>http://conlangery.com/2013/01/14/conlangery-80-zonal-auxlangs/</ref> intended to be quickly learnable, readily comprehensible, and mutually communicative between persons of the [[w:East Asian cultural sphere|East Asian cultural sphere]]. It has an underlying foundation of Chinese characters for every word, with some glyphs being simplified according to the [[w:Shinjitai|{{Ruby|新字体|신지테}}]] standards of Japan. The Hangǔl alphabet is presented at the same time (whenever possible), and is also used for phonetic transcription. It is not [[w:Tone (linguistics)|tonal]], mostly [[w:Analytic language|analytic]], [[w:Subject–verb–object|SVO]], [[w:Topic-prominent language|topic-prominent]], uses [[w:Classifier (linguistics)|classifiers]], is [[w:Pro-drop language|pro-drop]], [[w:Zero copula|copula-drop]], and uses postpositions.

== Anthropology ==
{{Main|単亜語/Anthropology}}

Dan'a'yo returns a shared world of the [[w:East Asian cultural sphere]]. The ancient [[w:Imperial examination]] ({{Ruby|科挙|콰교}}) created a common experience across the region. Everyone read the same [[w:Chinese classics]] and learned the same law codes. Peoples from various language families were united and could communicate. With the advent of the internet and Unicode, there is an avenue for peaceful interaction, a reunification of shared cultural and linguistic norms. By taking [[w:Classical Chinese]] and updating it, Dan'a'yo can serve as a bridge for those who have drifted apart.

The language communities that Dan'a'yo seeks to incorporate and unify are Chinese, Japanese, Korean, and to a lesser extent, Vietnamese. Korea and Japan have long formed a sprachbund already, and have many calques and grammatical features in common. They even share some vocabulary. (There are those who think they are genetically related, but that has yet to be conclusively proven.) There will be some additional similarities that must occur with southern Sino-Tibetan languages, but that is not a design goal, merely a consequence. There is no proto-language which all our source languages are supposedly descended from. Our ancient form is Classical Chinese, which is well-known and actually exists in documented form.

=== Phonologies ===
Korean has a tense/lax system which is completely unknown to the others in the region. Japanese alone contrasts voiced/unvoiced, instead of aspirated/un-aspirated like the rest. The Chineses have contour tones which are much more complicated than JK pitch accent system. All these features must be ignored, as they have no common parallels. Korean has the most robust phonotactics, with CVC syllables allowing many kinds of consonants in the coda, and Cantonese is a close second. Mandarin has only /n/ and /ŋ/ in the coda. Japanese has gemination – which doubles the next voiceless stop, and a homorganic nasal – which can be /m/, /n/, or /ŋ~ɴ/. In short, a rough compromise is possible, with everyone having to learn ''something'', but nothing like what it would take to learn any other language.

Chinese characters have roughly stayed the same for 1,000 years, but some changes have crept in. The most overreaching is the Simplified characters of mainland China, which are utterly dependent upon Mandarin pronunciation and incompatible with the region as a whole. Korean uses ancient versions, which are sometimes grossly out of date and far more obtuse than what others write. A strong, compromise position is to use Japanese Shinjitai, which has mild updates and simplifications to some characters. A phonetic alphabet is hard to agree upon. Japanese hiragana and katakana are not capable of indicating precise coda consonants. Korean Hangǔl is generally well-suited, though one coda off-glide requires abuse of notation.

Multilingual dictionary sources – such as Wiktionary – already document much of the vocabulary in common across the Far East Asian region. Selection of a limited number of Chinese characters must involve a kind of voting process. Japan is well-positioned to begin education of Dan'a'yo at an early age. Korean politics are unfortunately embroiled over a senseless debate about the national character of learning Chinese characters, a holdover from the war and the product of pride. Chinese standard education frowns upon teaching grammar, but there is a revival of Classical education. Many teaching resources are still needed.

== Phonology ==
{{PAGENAME}} has 5 vowels and 16 consonants.

{| class="bluetable lightbluebg " style="width: 700px; text-align: center;"
|+'''{{PAGENAME}} Consonants'''
|-
! colspan="5"|Consonants
|-
!
! Labial
! Alveolar
! Palatal
! Velar
|- align="center"
!Nasals
|'''ㅁ''' /m/
|
|'''ㄴ ''' /n/
|'''ㅇ''' /ŋ/
|-
! Aspirates
|'''ㅍ''' /pʰ/
|'''ㅌ''' /tʰ/
| '''ㅊ''' /t͡ɕʰ~cʰ/
|'''ㅋ''' /kʰ/
|-
! Voiced
| '''ㅂ''' /b~p/
| '''ㄷ''' /d~t/
| '''ㅈ''' /dʑ~tɕ/
| '''ㄱ''' /g~k/
|-
!Fricatives
|
| colspan="2" | '''ㅅ''' /s ~ ɕ/
|'''ㅎ''' /h ~ ɦ ~ x/
|-
! Sonorants
|''w'' /w/
|'''ㄹ''' /l ~ ɾ/
|''y''/j/
|
|}
(W and Y are achieved with special glyphs.) While there is a great deal of consonantal allophony (see the table), every language's speaker will experience some sounds as difficult, especially in achieving consistency.

{| class="bluetable lightbluebg " style="width: 500px; text-align: center;"
|+'''{{PAGENAME}} Vowels'''
|-
! colspan="4"|Vowels
|-
!
! Front
! Central
! Back
|-
! High
| '''이''' /i ~ ɪ/
|
| '''우''' /u ~ ɯ/
|-
! Mid
| '''어''' /e ~ e̞/
|
| '''오''' /o ~ o̞/
|-
! Low
| colspan="3" | '''아''' /a ~ ä/
|}
Again, a great deal of tolerance is required when listening to others. Non-Mandarin speakers will have the hardest time being patient with Chinese vowels, but accents are part of being international! Long vowels do not exist, per se, even if the Latin transcription appears as though they do. 웃/'uu and 의/'ii are actually said as /uʊ/, /uu̵/, or /uǝ/; and /iǝ/ or /ii̵/ respectively. Additionally, there is an epenthetic vowel, which varies considerably among the target nations. It's written as 으 and transcribed as ǔ, and it may be pronounced /ɯ/, /ɯβ/, /ɨ/, /ǝ/, or /ʊ/. This is only used in transcribing foreign words.

=== Tone/Prosody ===
Even for speakers of a tonal language, learning a new set of tones is difficult. Therefore, syllabic tones are not phonemic in Dan'a'yo. However, to easy listening and to distinguish the boundaries between words, the following intonation principles are used:

* The main (finite) verb of an utterance should be the highest point of it.
* The head of a phrase should be the highest point of it.
* The main vowel of a syllable should be the highest point of it.
* The first character's syllable of a compound word should be the highest point of it.

This can be helpful in distinguishing {{Ruby|大|대}} {{Ruby|学生|학상}} 'big student' from {{Ruby|大学生|대학상}} 'college student', as the first is H HL, while the second is HLL.

Pitch cannot be used to indicate a question. Please use the SFP {{Ruby|乎|호}} to make a polar-question.

=== Phonotactics ===
Maximally, a Dan'a'yo syllable consists of an ONSET consonant, an ON-GLIDE, a VOWEL, and an OFF-GLIDE or CODA CONSONANT. The ONSET can be ø or any consonant except ŋ, the ON-GLIDE can be ø, y, or w, the VOWEL must exist, and the CODA CONSONANT can be ø, y, w, b, d, g, m, n, or ng. Each syllable has no effect upon the next.

For a complete chart of all possible Hanmun syllables, see [[単亜語/Syllables]].

== Syntax ==
Like Chinese and Vietnamese (and unlike Japanese and Korean), {{PAGENAME}} is SVO, subject-verb-object. The subject of an intransitive verb and the actor of transitive verb come early in the sentence (before the verb), and the accusative argument must come after. There are no particles to mark subject or object.

{| class="bluetable"
! Relationship
! Particle
! English
! Mandarin
! Cantonese
! Japanese
! Korean
! Vietnamese
|-
! Topic
|
| as for
| -
| -
| は wa
| 은/는 (n)ǔn
| cái
|-
! Vocative
| {{Ruby|哉|재}}
| O
|
| ya
| yeo
| 야
|-
! Dative
| {{Ruby|于|우}}
| to
| -
| -
| に
| 에게
| đến
|-
! Genitive
| {{Ruby|之|티}}
| of
| 的
| 嘅
| の
| 의
| của
|-
! Instrumental
| {{Ruby|以|이}}
| by
| 用
| 用
| で
| 로/으로
|
|-
! Locative
| {{Ruby|於|오}}
| in, on, at
| 在
| 喺
| に
| 에
|
|-
! Comitative
| {{Ruby|共|굥}}
| together with
|
|
|
|
|
|-
! Assoc. Pl.
| {{Ruby|等|둥}}
| et. al.
| 們
| 哋
| たち
| 들
| tôi/tao/
|-
! colspan="9"|
|-
! Perfective
| {{Ruby|已|이}}
| -ed
| 了
| 咗
| た/だ
| 았/었
| đã
|-
! Progressive
| {{Ruby|中|중}}
| -ing
|
|
|
| 아/어
|
|-
! colspan="9"|
|-
! Nominalizer
| {{Ruby|物|묻}}
| -ed
|
|
|
|
|
|-
! Nominalizer
| {{Ruby|事|지}}
| -ing
|
|
| こと
| ~기, ~는 것, ~음/ㅁ
|
|-
! Adnominalizer
| {{Ruby|之|티}}
|
|
|
| の
| 의
|
|-
! Adverbializer
| {{Ruby|様|양}}
| -ly
| 地/一點/得
|
| く/に
| -히/-게
|
|-
! colspan="9"|
|-
! NP And
| {{Ruby|与|오}}
| and
| 和 hé
| 及 kap6
| と
| 와/과
| và
|-
! VP And
| {{Ruby|而|니}}
| and
| 以及/yǐjí
|
| そして
| 그리고
| và
|}

===Sentence Final Particles===

=== Pronouns ===
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align: left; float:left; "
! colspan="2" |
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! rowspan="3" |Casual
! First
| {{Ruby|我|아}}
| {{Ruby|我等|아둥}}
|-
! Second
| {{Ruby|君|군}}
| {{Ruby|君等|군둥}}
|}

 

=== Classifiers ===
Counting is not done with numerals as adjectives ''before'' the noun phrase, but with special classifiers + numerals ''after'' the noun phrase, as ''adverbs''.
{| class="bluetable"
! Classifier
! Use
|-
| {{Ruby|人|닌}}
| people (general)
|-
| {{Ruby|名|밍}}
| people (polite)
|-
| {{Ruby|台|대}}
| machines (computers, cars, etc)
|-
| {{Ruby|匹|핃}}
| animals (all animals, worms, fish, horses, etc.)
|-
| {{Ruby|冊|착}}
| books, magazines, etc.
|-
| {{Ruby|杯|뵈}}
| cups of some drink
|-
| {{Ruby|枚|뫼}}
| flat objects (pizzas, paper, etc.)
|-
| {{Ruby|条|조}}
| long objects (pencils, noodles, etc.)
|-
| {{Ruby|段|돤}}
| periods of time (seconds, years, ages, etc.)
|-
| {{Ruby|束|쇽}}
| bundles (groups, bouquets, bales, etc.)
|-
| 個 ''ka''
| anything else
|}

Plants, animals and things that may have hanji beyond our corpus or are nation-specific, should be spelled out phonetically, but appended with a "determiner", a hanji that shows what class of being the creature is. This is helpful, as it gives a hint to those unfamiliar with the being.
{| class="bluetable"
! Determiner
! Use
! Example
|-
| {{Ruby|阿|아}}
| name, endonym
| {{Ruby|盧|로}}{{Ruby|泰愚|태우}} {{Ruby|是|서}} "노터우" ({{Ruby|阿|아}})
|-
| {{Ruby|蛙|와}}
| amphibians
| {{Ruby|蠑螈|용원}} ({{Ruby|蛙|와}})
|-
| {{Ruby|鳥|촛}}
| birds
| Japanese quail ウズラ = 우주라 ({{Ruby|鳥|촛}})
|-
| {{Ruby|魚|요}}
| fish
| ネコギギ = 너코기기 ({{Ruby|魚|요}})
|-
| {{Ruby|虫|중}}
| invertebrates, bugs, snakes
| {{Ruby|蛞蝓|칻유}} ({{Ruby|虫|중}})
|-
| {{Ruby|獣|슈}}
| mammals
| {{Ruby|狐猿|호온}} ({{Ruby|獣|슈}})
|-
| {{Ruby|龍|룡}}
| reptiles
| {{Ruby|暴龍|복룡}} = 티란노삿루스 ({{Ruby|龍|룡}})
|-
| {{Ruby|花|화}}
| flowers
| Venus flytrap = 디오나어아 ({{Ruby|花|화}})
|-
| {{Ruby|草|찻}}
| grass, herb
| basil = 바지르 ({{Ruby|草|찻}})
|-
| {{Ruby|木|목}}
| trees, bushes
| redwood = 서쾨아 ({{Ruby|木|목}})
|-
! colspan="3"|
|-
| {{Ruby|服|북}}
| clothes
| きもの = 키모노 ({{Ruby|服|북}})
|-
| {{Ruby|飯|본}}
| meals, food
| 비빔밥 ({{Ruby|飯|본}})
|-
| {{Ruby|機|긔}}
| device, tool
| iPad = 애파드 ({{Ruby|機|긔}})
|-
| {{Ruby|義|위}}
| idea, movement
| ubuntu = 우분투 ({{Ruby|義|위}})
|-
| {{Ruby|構|곳}}
| building
| Burj Khalifa = 부르즈 카리파 ({{Ruby|構|곳}})
|}

===Demonstratives and indefinite===
Demonstratives occur in the {{Ruby|此|처}}, {{Ruby|其|기}}, and {{Ruby|彼|비}} series. The first (proximal) series refers to things closer to the speaker than the hearer, the medial series for things closer to the hearer, and the distal series for things distant to both the speaker and the hearer. With {{Ruby|何|하}}, demonstratives turn into the corresponding interrogative form.
{| class="bluetable" style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle; width:1100px;"
!
! Proximal ({{Ruby|此|처}})
! Medial ({{Ruby|其|기}})
! Distal ({{Ruby|彼|비}})
! Interrogative ({{Ruby|何|하}})
! Cyclic ({{Ruby|毎|뫼}})
! Existential ({{Ruby|某|못}})
! Universal ({{Ruby|皆|겨}})
|-
! Act ({{Ruby|事|지}}
| {{Ruby|此事|처지}} ''this''
| {{Ruby|其事|기지}} ''that''
| {{Ruby|彼事|비지}} ''yon''
| {{Ruby|何事|하지}} ''what''
| {{Ruby|毎事|뫼지}} ''for each''
| {{Ruby|某事|못지}} ''something''
| {{Ruby|皆事|겨지}} ''everything''
|-
! Object ({{Ruby|物|묻}})
| {{Ruby|此物|처묻}} ''this one''
| {{Ruby|其物|기묻}} ''that one''
| {{Ruby|彼物|비묻}} ''yon one''
| {{Ruby|何物|하묻}} ''which''
| {{Ruby|毎物|뫼묻}} ''for each one''
| {{Ruby|某物|못묻}} ''something''
| {{Ruby|皆物|겨묻}} ''everything''
|-
! Person ({{Ruby|人|닌}})
| {{Ruby|此人|처닌}} ''him/her''
| {{Ruby|其人|기닌}} ''him/her''
| {{Ruby|彼人|비닌}} ''him/her''
| {{Ruby|誰|셰}} ''who''
| {{Ruby|毎人|뫼닌}} ''per person''
| {{Ruby|某人|못닌}} ''someone''
| {{Ruby|皆人|겨닌}} ''everyone''
|-
! Place ({{Ruby|処|초}})
| {{Ruby|此処|처초}} ''here''
| {{Ruby|其処|기초}} ''there''
| {{Ruby|彼処|비초}} ''yonder''
| {{Ruby|何処|하초}} where
| {{Ruby|毎処|뫼초}} ''per place''
| {{Ruby|某処|못초}} ''somewhere''
| {{Ruby|皆処|겨초}} ''everywhere''
|-
! Time ({{Ruby|時|시}})
| {{Ruby|此時|처시}} ''now''
| {{Ruby|其時|기시}} ''then''
| {{Ruby|彼時|비시}} ''that other time''
| {{Ruby|何時|하시}} ''when''
| {{Ruby|毎時|뫼시}} ''per time''
| {{Ruby|某時|못시}} ''sometime''
| {{Ruby|皆時|겨시}} ''always''
|-
! Manner ({{Ruby|様|양}})
| {{Ruby|此様|처양}} ''in this manner''
| {{Ruby|其様|기양}} ''in that manner''
| {{Ruby|彼様|비양}} ''in that other manner''
| {{Ruby|何様|하영}} ''how''
| {{Ruby|毎様|뫼영}} ''each manner''
| {{Ruby|某様|못영}} ''somehow''
| {{Ruby|皆様|겨영}} ''in all ways''
|-
! Quantity ({{Ruby|多|다}})
| {{Ruby|此多|처다}} ''this many''
| {{Ruby|其多|기다}} ''that many''
| {{Ruby|彼多|비다}} ''yon many''
| {{Ruby|何多|하다}} ''how many''
| {{Ruby|毎多|뫼다}} ''per quantity''
| {{Ruby|某多|못다}} ''some amount''
| {{Ruby|皆多|겨다}} ''all amounts''
|-
! Kind ({{Ruby|類|뤼}})
| {{Ruby|此類|처뤼}} ''this kind''
| {{Ruby|其類|기뤼}} ''that kind''
| {{Ruby|彼類|비뤼}} ''yon kind''
| {{Ruby|何類|하뤼}} ''what kind''
| {{Ruby|毎類|뫼뤼}} ''totally''
| {{Ruby|某類|못뤼}} ''some kind''
| {{Ruby|皆類|겨뤼}} ''every king''
|}

== Lexica ==
{{Main|Dan'a'yo/Lexicography}}
Dan'a'yo forcibly limits the number of Chinese characters which can be used to around 3200. This is done by only drawing characters from the standard lists of each country (CJK). Characters that are inventions of anyone country as banned. Characters which are not common or strictly necessary are banned. Similar characters are sometimes lumped together, especially if they are obscure. The "weight" of any character is determined by its place in the following national lists:
* China: The [[単亜語/HSK|HSK]] (漢語水平考試). There are six sub-section to this list.
* Japan: The [[単亜語/常用|常用漢字]] (Jōyō), including 6 grades, a high school list, plus a name list. Most every character is allowed. We also include Extended Shinjitai.
* Korea: The [[単亜語/敎育用基礎漢字|敎育用基礎漢字]] (교육용 기초 한자), including middle school, and high school lists. The list of characters allowed in names is profligate (as more than one scholar has noted) and is often curtailed.
Each character is like a letter and may or may not be a word on its own. Characters which are not words have a two-character word which is deemed to be the same as the solo character. Every character – in theory, all 45,000 Chinese characters which have ever been used – is assigned to one of five categories:
# Common - ([[単亜語/常用字|常用字]]) These 1931 characters are the bedrock of the language and may be used freely. They are further divided into six levels, solely for the purpose of aiding learning.
# Variants - (異体字) These are disallowed ways of writing a given character, mainly arising from national and font differences. It is also a way of appropriating many, many additional characters into simply being aliases of established characters. Only the Shinjitai, listed form of the character is "correct".
# Advanced ([[単亜語/先進字|先進字]]) These 276 characters are useful for situations when Dan'a'yo needs to function like a native language, and speak on any topic, but are considered extra learning. Their usage is restricted in international and cosmopolitan situations, which are intended to be maximally inclusive.
# Name ([[単亜語/名字|名字]]) These are 385 characters that detail the specific names of species and municipalities, which must always be safeguarded with a determiner, which identifies them as such.
# Illegal ([[単亜語/違法字|違法字]]) Finally, there are some characters which are the provenance of one country only, and are therefore ''banned'' in Dan'a'yo. There are about 372 of these, though most have been out of circulation for centuries, if they ever were.

As in every language, finding Chinese character is difficult. There is the ancient system of {{C|Radical}}s, but it can sometimes feel arbitrary where a character is recorded. A new system – which Dan'a'yo embraces – is the {{C|SKIP}} method of looking up characters.
=== Word lists ===
* [[単亜語/Swadesh]]

== Sample ==
* [[単亜語/四字成語]] - Four chapter stock phrases are used when common or ancient
=== Classical Texts ===
* 四書
*# [[単亜語/論語]] - The ''Analects'' of Confucius
*# [[単亜語/大学]] - ''Great Learning'' (not 'college!)
*# [[単亜語/中庸]] - The ''Doctrine of the Mean''
*# [[単亜語/孟子]] - ''Mencius''
* 五経
*# [[単亜語/詩経]]
*# [[単亜語/書経]]
*# [[単亜語/礼記]]
*# [[単亜語/易経]]
*# [[単亜語/春秋]]
* 西遊記
* [[単亜語/道徳経]] - The ''Tao Te Ching'', or 닷둑겅
* [[単亜語/孫子兵法]] - ''Sun Tzu's Art of War''
* [[単亜語/荘子]] - Zhuangzi
* [[単亜語/説苑]], 刺客列傳, 列女傳
=== Modern ===
* [[単亜語/218 sentences]] - Sentences to test syntax
* [[単亜語/英雄]] - ''Hero'' move subtitles
* [[単亜語/宣言書]] - Korean Declaration of Independence
* [[単亜語/玉音放送]] - The Emperor's broadcast ending WWII
* [[単亜語/出身論]] - "On Class Origins" is an article by Yu Luoke and published in January 1967 in the Journal of Middle-School Cultural Revolution.
* [[単亜語/射鵰三部曲]] - The Condor Trilogy by 金庸
* [[単亜語/聖経]] - The Bible would be translated, never transliterated

== Links ==
#[https://www.facebook.com/groups/cjkvauxlang/ CJKV Auxlang Facebook Group]

== References ==
<references />
== Bibliography ==
=== Linguistics ===
: Holm, John A. ''Pidgins and Creoles: Volume 1, Theory and Structure ''. Cambridge Language Surveys. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1988-1989.
: ---. ''Pidgins and Creoles: Volume 2, Reference Survey ''. Cambridge Language Surveys. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1988-1989.
: McWhorter, John. ''Language A to Z''. Columbia University. The Great Courses, 2013. CD and booklet.
=== Chinese ===
: Kroll, Paul W. ''A Student's Dictionary of Classical and Medieval Chinese''. Bilingual ed. Amersfoort, The Netherlands: Brill Academic Pub, 2014.
: Miller, Roy A. ''Dictionary of Spoken Chinese''. Taipei: Mei Ya Publications, 1966
: Rouzer, Paul. ''A New Practical Primer of Literary Chinese''. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Asia Center, 2007.
=== Japanese ===
: Vaccari, Orsete, and Mrs Enko Elisa Vaccari. ''Complete Course of Japanese Conversation-Grammar'' (Entirely Reset, Greatly Enlarged) 24th Edition. Japan: Dai Nippon Printing Company, 1973.
=== Korean ===
: Martin, Samuel E. ''Reference Grammar of Korean: a Complete Guide to the Grammar and History of the Korean Language.'' Revised, ed. Clarendon, VT: Tuttle Publishing, 2006.
: 新活用玉篇. Seoul, Korea: Dong-a Publishing and Printing Co., 1975
=== Language Construction ===
: Okrent, Arika. ''In the Land of Invented Languages: Adventures in Linguistic Creativity, Madness, and Genius''. New York: Spiegel & Grau, 2010.
: Rosenfelder, Mark. ''The Language Construction Kit''. Chicago: Yonagu Books, 2010.
: ---. ''The Planet Construction Kit''. Chicago: Yonagu Books, 2010.
: ---. ''Advanced Language Construction''. Chicago: Yonagu Books, 2012.
: ---. ''The Conlanger's Lexipedia''. Chicago: Yonagu Books, 2013.

[[Category:A posteriori‎]]
[[Category:Languages]]
[[Category:Auxlangs]]
[[Category:Universal Languages]]
[[Category:Dan'a'yo]]
{{Aquatiki}}

単亜語/聖経

2025-08-02T21:45:50Z

Aquatiki: Created page with "== Names == * YHWH -> 偕者 * Jesus -> 偕救"

== Names ==
* YHWH -> 偕者
* Jesus -> 偕救

単亜語

2025-08-02T21:32:08Z

Aquatiki: /* Modern */

{{Infobox Universal Language
| color = #CDCB2B
| name = Dan'a'yo
| altname = 単亜語
| Writing System = 新字体
| region = East Asia
| genders =0
| cases = 0
| alignment =
| proto = [[w:Sinosphere]]
| Type = Analytic
| word-order = SVO
| child1 = [[w:Korean language]]
| child2 = [[w:Japanese language]]
| child3 = [[w:Chinese language]]
| child4 = [[w:Vietnamese language]]
| population = 1500
| flag =East asian flag.png
}}
{{Ruby|単亜語|단아요}} is a zonal auxlang<ref>http://conlangery.com/2013/01/14/conlangery-80-zonal-auxlangs/</ref> intended to be quickly learnable, readily comprehensible, and mutually communicative between persons of the [[w:East Asian cultural sphere|East Asian cultural sphere]]. It has an underlying foundation of Chinese characters for every word, with some glyphs being simplified according to the [[w:Shinjitai|{{Ruby|新字体|신지테}}]] standards of Japan. The Hangǔl alphabet is presented at the same time (whenever possible), and is also used for phonetic transcription. It is not [[w:Tone (linguistics)|tonal]], mostly [[w:Analytic language|analytic]], [[w:Subject–verb–object|SVO]], [[w:Topic-prominent language|topic-prominent]], uses [[w:Classifier (linguistics)|classifiers]], is [[w:Pro-drop language|pro-drop]], [[w:Zero copula|copula-drop]], and uses postpositions.

== Anthropology ==
{{Main|単亜語/Anthropology}}

Dan'a'yo returns a shared world of the [[w:East Asian cultural sphere]]. The ancient [[w:Imperial examination]] ({{Ruby|科挙|콰교}}) created a common experience across the region. Everyone read the same [[w:Chinese classics]] and learned the same law codes. Peoples from various language families were united and could communicate. With the advent of the internet and Unicode, there is an avenue for peaceful interaction, a reunification of shared cultural and linguistic norms. By taking [[w:Classical Chinese]] and updating it, Dan'a'yo can serve as a bridge for those who have drifted apart.

The language communities that Dan'a'yo seeks to incorporate and unify are Chinese, Japanese, Korean, and to a lesser extent, Vietnamese. Korea and Japan have long formed a sprachbund already, and have many calques and grammatical features in common. They even share some vocabulary. (There are those who think they are genetically related, but that has yet to be conclusively proven.) There will be some additional similarities that must occur with southern Sino-Tibetan languages, but that is not a design goal, merely a consequence. There is no proto-language which all our source languages are supposedly descended from. Our ancient form is Classical Chinese, which is well-known and actually exists in documented form.

=== Phonologies ===
Korean has a tense/lax system which is completely unknown to the others in the region. Japanese alone contrasts voiced/unvoiced, instead of aspirated/un-aspirated like the rest. The Chineses have contour tones which are much more complicated than JK pitch accent system. All these features must be ignored, as they have no common parallels. Korean has the most robust phonotactics, with CVC syllables allowing many kinds of consonants in the coda, and Cantonese is a close second. Mandarin has only /n/ and /ŋ/ in the coda. Japanese has gemination – which doubles the next voiceless stop, and a homorganic nasal – which can be /m/, /n/, or /ŋ~ɴ/. In short, a rough compromise is possible, with everyone having to learn ''something'', but nothing like what it would take to learn any other language.

Chinese characters have roughly stayed the same for 1,000 years, but some changes have crept in. The most overreaching is the Simplified characters of mainland China, which are utterly dependent upon Mandarin pronunciation and incompatible with the region as a whole. Korean uses ancient versions, which are sometimes grossly out of date and far more obtuse than what others write. A strong, compromise position is to use Japanese Shinjitai, which has mild updates and simplifications to some characters. A phonetic alphabet is hard to agree upon. Japanese hiragana and katakana are not capable of indicating precise coda consonants. Korean Hangǔl is generally well-suited, though one coda off-glide requires abuse of notation.

Multilingual dictionary sources – such as Wiktionary – already document much of the vocabulary in common across the Far East Asian region. Selection of a limited number of Chinese characters must involve a kind of voting process. Japan is well-positioned to begin education of Dan'a'yo at an early age. Korean politics are unfortunately embroiled over a senseless debate about the national character of learning Chinese characters, a holdover from the war and the product of pride. Chinese standard education frowns upon teaching grammar, but there is a revival of Classical education. Many teaching resources are still needed.

== Phonology ==
{{PAGENAME}} has 5 vowels and 16 consonants.

{| class="bluetable lightbluebg " style="width: 700px; text-align: center;"
|+'''{{PAGENAME}} Consonants'''
|-
! colspan="5"|Consonants
|-
!
! Labial
! Alveolar
! Palatal
! Velar
|- align="center"
!Nasals
|'''ㅁ''' /m/
|
|'''ㄴ ''' /n/
|'''ㅇ''' /ŋ/
|-
! Aspirates
|'''ㅍ''' /pʰ/
|'''ㅌ''' /tʰ/
| '''ㅊ''' /t͡ɕʰ~cʰ/
|'''ㅋ''' /kʰ/
|-
! Voiced
| '''ㅂ''' /b~p/
| '''ㄷ''' /d~t/
| '''ㅈ''' /dʑ~tɕ/
| '''ㄱ''' /g~k/
|-
!Fricatives
|
| colspan="2" | '''ㅅ''' /s ~ ɕ/
|'''ㅎ''' /h ~ ɦ ~ x/
|-
! Sonorants
|''w'' /w/
|'''ㄹ''' /l ~ ɾ/
|''y''/j/
|
|}
(W and Y are achieved with special glyphs.) While there is a great deal of consonantal allophony (see the table), every language's speaker will experience some sounds as difficult, especially in achieving consistency.

{| class="bluetable lightbluebg " style="width: 500px; text-align: center;"
|+'''{{PAGENAME}} Vowels'''
|-
! colspan="4"|Vowels
|-
!
! Front
! Central
! Back
|-
! High
| '''이''' /i ~ ɪ/
|
| '''우''' /u ~ ɯ/
|-
! Mid
| '''어''' /e ~ e̞/
|
| '''오''' /o ~ o̞/
|-
! Low
| colspan="3" | '''아''' /a ~ ä/
|}
Again, a great deal of tolerance is required when listening to others. Non-Mandarin speakers will have the hardest time being patient with Chinese vowels, but accents are part of being international! Long vowels do not exist, per se, even if the Latin transcription appears as though they do. 웃/'uu and 의/'ii are actually said as /uʊ/, /uu̵/, or /uǝ/; and /iǝ/ or /ii̵/ respectively. Additionally, there is an epenthetic vowel, which varies considerably among the target nations. It's written as 으 and transcribed as ǔ, and it may be pronounced /ɯ/, /ɯβ/, /ɨ/, /ǝ/, or /ʊ/. This is only used in transcribing foreign words.

=== Tone/Prosody ===
Even for speakers of a tonal language, learning a new set of tones is difficult. Therefore, syllabic tones are not phonemic in Dan'a'yo. However, to easy listening and to distinguish the boundaries between words, the following intonation principles are used:

* The main (finite) verb of an utterance should be the highest point of it.
* The head of a phrase should be the highest point of it.
* The main vowel of a syllable should be the highest point of it.
* The first character's syllable of a compound word should be the highest point of it.

This can be helpful in distinguishing {{Ruby|大|대}} {{Ruby|学生|학상}} 'big student' from {{Ruby|大学生|대학상}} 'college student', as the first is H HL, while the second is HLL.

Pitch cannot be used to indicate a question. Please use the SFP {{Ruby|乎|호}} to make a polar-question.

=== Phonotactics ===
Maximally, a Dan'a'yo syllable consists of an ONSET consonant, an ON-GLIDE, a VOWEL, and an OFF-GLIDE or CODA CONSONANT. The ONSET can be ø or any consonant except ŋ, the ON-GLIDE can be ø, y, or w, the VOWEL must exist, and the CODA CONSONANT can be ø, y, w, b, d, g, m, n, or ng. Each syllable has no effect upon the next.

For a complete chart of all possible Hanmun syllables, see [[単亜語/Syllables]].

== Syntax ==
Like Chinese and Vietnamese (and unlike Japanese and Korean), {{PAGENAME}} is SVO, subject-verb-object. The subject of an intransitive verb and the actor of transitive verb come early in the sentence (before the verb), and the accusative argument must come after. There are no particles to mark subject or object.

{| class="bluetable"
! Relationship
! Particle
! English
! Mandarin
! Cantonese
! Japanese
! Korean
! Vietnamese
|-
! Topic
|
| as for
| -
| -
| は wa
| 은/는 (n)ǔn
| cái
|-
! Vocative
| {{Ruby|哉|재}}
| O
|
| ya
| yeo
| 야
|-
! Dative
| {{Ruby|于|우}}
| to
| -
| -
| に
| 에게
| đến
|-
! Genitive
| {{Ruby|之|티}}
| of
| 的
| 嘅
| の
| 의
| của
|-
! Instrumental
| {{Ruby|以|이}}
| by
| 用
| 用
| で
| 로/으로
|
|-
! Locative
| {{Ruby|於|오}}
| in, on, at
| 在
| 喺
| に
| 에
|
|-
! Comitative
| {{Ruby|共|굥}}
| together with
|
|
|
|
|
|-
! Assoc. Pl.
| {{Ruby|等|둥}}
| et. al.
| 們
| 哋
| たち
| 들
| tôi/tao/
|-
! colspan="9"|
|-
! Perfective
| {{Ruby|已|이}}
| -ed
| 了
| 咗
| た/だ
| 았/었
| đã
|-
! Progressive
| {{Ruby|中|중}}
| -ing
|
|
|
| 아/어
|
|-
! colspan="9"|
|-
! Nominalizer
| {{Ruby|物|묻}}
| -ed
|
|
|
|
|
|-
! Nominalizer
| {{Ruby|事|지}}
| -ing
|
|
| こと
| ~기, ~는 것, ~음/ㅁ
|
|-
! Adnominalizer
| {{Ruby|之|티}}
|
|
|
| の
| 의
|
|-
! Adverbializer
| {{Ruby|様|양}}
| -ly
| 地/一點/得
|
| く/に
| -히/-게
|
|-
! colspan="9"|
|-
! NP And
| {{Ruby|与|오}}
| and
| 和 hé
| 及 kap6
| と
| 와/과
| và
|-
! VP And
| {{Ruby|而|니}}
| and
| 以及/yǐjí
|
| そして
| 그리고
| và
|}

===Sentence Final Particles===

=== Pronouns ===
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align: left; float:left; "
! colspan="2" |
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! rowspan="3" |Casual
! First
| {{Ruby|我|아}}
| {{Ruby|我等|아둥}}
|-
! Second
| {{Ruby|君|군}}
| {{Ruby|君等|군둥}}
|}

 

=== Classifiers ===
Counting is not done with numerals as adjectives ''before'' the noun phrase, but with special classifiers + numerals ''after'' the noun phrase, as ''adverbs''.
{| class="bluetable"
! Classifier
! Use
|-
| {{Ruby|人|닌}}
| people (general)
|-
| {{Ruby|名|밍}}
| people (polite)
|-
| {{Ruby|台|대}}
| machines (computers, cars, etc)
|-
| {{Ruby|匹|핃}}
| animals (all animals, worms, fish, horses, etc.)
|-
| {{Ruby|冊|착}}
| books, magazines, etc.
|-
| {{Ruby|杯|뵈}}
| cups of some drink
|-
| {{Ruby|枚|뫼}}
| flat objects (pizzas, paper, etc.)
|-
| {{Ruby|条|조}}
| long objects (pencils, noodles, etc.)
|-
| {{Ruby|段|돤}}
| periods of time (seconds, years, ages, etc.)
|-
| {{Ruby|束|쇽}}
| bundles (groups, bouquets, bales, etc.)
|-
| 個 ''ka''
| anything else
|}

Plants, animals and things that may have hanji beyond our corpus or are nation-specific, should be spelled out phonetically, but appended with a "determiner", a hanji that shows what class of being the creature is. This is helpful, as it gives a hint to those unfamiliar with the being.
{| class="bluetable"
! Determiner
! Use
! Example
|-
| {{Ruby|阿|아}}
| name, endonym
| {{Ruby|盧|로}}{{Ruby|泰愚|태우}} {{Ruby|是|서}} "노터우" ({{Ruby|阿|아}})
|-
| {{Ruby|蛙|와}}
| amphibians
| {{Ruby|蠑螈|용원}} ({{Ruby|蛙|와}})
|-
| {{Ruby|鳥|촛}}
| birds
| Japanese quail ウズラ = 우주라 ({{Ruby|鳥|촛}})
|-
| {{Ruby|魚|요}}
| fish
| ネコギギ = 너코기기 ({{Ruby|魚|요}})
|-
| {{Ruby|虫|중}}
| invertebrates, bugs, snakes
| {{Ruby|蛞蝓|칻유}} ({{Ruby|虫|중}})
|-
| {{Ruby|獣|슈}}
| mammals
| {{Ruby|狐猿|호온}} ({{Ruby|獣|슈}})
|-
| {{Ruby|龍|룡}}
| reptiles
| {{Ruby|暴龍|복룡}} = 티란노삿루스 ({{Ruby|龍|룡}})
|-
| {{Ruby|花|화}}
| flowers
| Venus flytrap = 디오나어아 ({{Ruby|花|화}})
|-
| {{Ruby|草|찻}}
| grass, herb
| basil = 바지르 ({{Ruby|草|찻}})
|-
| {{Ruby|木|목}}
| trees, bushes
| redwood = 서쾨아 ({{Ruby|木|목}})
|-
! colspan="3"|
|-
| {{Ruby|服|북}}
| clothes
| きもの = 키모노 ({{Ruby|服|북}})
|-
| {{Ruby|飯|본}}
| meals, food
| 비빔밥 ({{Ruby|飯|본}})
|-
| {{Ruby|機|긔}}
| device, tool
| iPad = 애파드 ({{Ruby|機|긔}})
|-
| {{Ruby|義|위}}
| idea, movement
| ubuntu = 우분투 ({{Ruby|義|위}})
|-
| {{Ruby|構|곳}}
| building
| Burj Khalifa = 부르즈 카리파 ({{Ruby|構|곳}})
|}

===Demonstratives and indefinite===
Demonstratives occur in the {{Ruby|此|처}}, {{Ruby|其|기}}, and {{Ruby|彼|비}} series. The first (proximal) series refers to things closer to the speaker than the hearer, the medial series for things closer to the hearer, and the distal series for things distant to both the speaker and the hearer. With {{Ruby|何|하}}, demonstratives turn into the corresponding interrogative form.
{| class="bluetable" style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle; width:1100px;"
!
! Proximal ({{Ruby|此|처}})
! Medial ({{Ruby|其|기}})
! Distal ({{Ruby|彼|비}})
! Interrogative ({{Ruby|何|하}})
! Cyclic ({{Ruby|毎|뫼}})
! Existential ({{Ruby|某|못}})
! Universal ({{Ruby|皆|겨}})
|-
! Act ({{Ruby|事|지}}
| {{Ruby|此事|처지}} ''this''
| {{Ruby|其事|기지}} ''that''
| {{Ruby|彼事|비지}} ''yon''
| {{Ruby|何事|하지}} ''what''
| {{Ruby|毎事|뫼지}} ''for each''
| {{Ruby|某事|못지}} ''something''
| {{Ruby|皆事|겨지}} ''everything''
|-
! Object ({{Ruby|物|묻}})
| {{Ruby|此物|처묻}} ''this one''
| {{Ruby|其物|기묻}} ''that one''
| {{Ruby|彼物|비묻}} ''yon one''
| {{Ruby|何物|하묻}} ''which''
| {{Ruby|毎物|뫼묻}} ''for each one''
| {{Ruby|某物|못묻}} ''something''
| {{Ruby|皆物|겨묻}} ''everything''
|-
! Person ({{Ruby|人|닌}})
| {{Ruby|此人|처닌}} ''him/her''
| {{Ruby|其人|기닌}} ''him/her''
| {{Ruby|彼人|비닌}} ''him/her''
| {{Ruby|誰|셰}} ''who''
| {{Ruby|毎人|뫼닌}} ''per person''
| {{Ruby|某人|못닌}} ''someone''
| {{Ruby|皆人|겨닌}} ''everyone''
|-
! Place ({{Ruby|処|초}})
| {{Ruby|此処|처초}} ''here''
| {{Ruby|其処|기초}} ''there''
| {{Ruby|彼処|비초}} ''yonder''
| {{Ruby|何処|하초}} where
| {{Ruby|毎処|뫼초}} ''per place''
| {{Ruby|某処|못초}} ''somewhere''
| {{Ruby|皆処|겨초}} ''everywhere''
|-
! Time ({{Ruby|時|시}})
| {{Ruby|此時|처시}} ''now''
| {{Ruby|其時|기시}} ''then''
| {{Ruby|彼時|비시}} ''that other time''
| {{Ruby|何時|하시}} ''when''
| {{Ruby|毎時|뫼시}} ''per time''
| {{Ruby|某時|못시}} ''sometime''
| {{Ruby|皆時|겨시}} ''always''
|-
! Manner ({{Ruby|様|양}})
| {{Ruby|此様|처양}} ''in this manner''
| {{Ruby|其様|기양}} ''in that manner''
| {{Ruby|彼様|비양}} ''in that other manner''
| {{Ruby|何様|하영}} ''how''
| {{Ruby|毎様|뫼영}} ''each manner''
| {{Ruby|某様|못영}} ''somehow''
| {{Ruby|皆様|겨영}} ''in all ways''
|-
! Quantity ({{Ruby|多|다}})
| {{Ruby|此多|처다}} ''this many''
| {{Ruby|其多|기다}} ''that many''
| {{Ruby|彼多|비다}} ''yon many''
| {{Ruby|何多|하다}} ''how many''
| {{Ruby|毎多|뫼다}} ''per quantity''
| {{Ruby|某多|못다}} ''some amount''
| {{Ruby|皆多|겨다}} ''all amounts''
|-
! Kind ({{Ruby|類|뤼}})
| {{Ruby|此類|처뤼}} ''this kind''
| {{Ruby|其類|기뤼}} ''that kind''
| {{Ruby|彼類|비뤼}} ''yon kind''
| {{Ruby|何類|하뤼}} ''what kind''
| {{Ruby|毎類|뫼뤼}} ''totally''
| {{Ruby|某類|못뤼}} ''some kind''
| {{Ruby|皆類|겨뤼}} ''every king''
|}

== Lexica ==
{{Main|Dan'a'yo/Lexicography}}
Dan'a'yo forcibly limits the number of Chinese characters which can be used to around 3200. This is done by only drawing characters from the standard lists of each country (CJK). Characters that are inventions of anyone country as banned. Characters which are not common or strictly necessary are banned. Similar characters are sometimes lumped together, especially if they are obscure. The "weight" of any character is determined by its place in the following national lists:
* China: The [[単亜語/HSK|HSK]] (漢語水平考試). There are six sub-section to this list.
* Japan: The [[単亜語/常用|常用漢字]] (Jōyō), including 6 grades, a high school list, plus a name list. Most every character is allowed. We also include Extended Shinjitai.
* Korea: The [[単亜語/敎育用基礎漢字|敎育用基礎漢字]] (교육용 기초 한자), including middle school, and high school lists. The list of characters allowed in names is profligate (as more than one scholar has noted) and is often curtailed.
Each character is like a letter and may or may not be a word on its own. Characters which are not words have a two-character word which is deemed to be the same as the solo character. Every character – in theory, all 45,000 Chinese characters which have ever been used – is assigned to one of five categories:
# Common - ([[単亜語/常用字|常用字]]) These 1931 characters are the bedrock of the language and may be used freely. They are further divided into six levels, solely for the purpose of aiding learning.
# Variants - (異体字) These are disallowed ways of writing a given character, mainly arising from national and font differences. It is also a way of appropriating many, many additional characters into simply being aliases of established characters. Only the Shinjitai, listed form of the character is "correct".
# Advanced ([[単亜語/先進字|先進字]]) These 276 characters are useful for situations when Dan'a'yo needs to function like a native language, and speak on any topic, but are considered extra learning. Their usage is restricted in international and cosmopolitan situations, which are intended to be maximally inclusive.
# Name ([[単亜語/名字|名字]]) These are 385 characters that detail the specific names of species and municipalities, which must always be safeguarded with a determiner, which identifies them as such.
# Illegal ([[単亜語/違法字|違法字]]) Finally, there are some characters which are the provenance of one country only, and are therefore ''banned'' in Dan'a'yo. There are about 372 of these, though most have been out of circulation for centuries, if they ever were.

As in every language, finding Chinese character is difficult. There is the ancient system of {{C|Radical}}s, but it can sometimes feel arbitrary where a character is recorded. A new system – which Dan'a'yo embraces – is the {{C|SKIP}} method of looking up characters.
=== Word lists ===
* [[単亜語/Swadesh]]

== Sample ==
=== Classical Texts ===
* 四書
*# [[単亜語/論語]] - The ''Analects'' of Confucius
*# [[単亜語/大学]] - ''Great Learning'' (not 'college!)
*# [[単亜語/中庸]] - The ''Doctrine of the Mean''
*# [[単亜語/孟子]] - ''Mencius''
* 五経
*# [[単亜語/詩経]]
*# [[単亜語/書経]]
*# [[単亜語/礼記]]
*# [[単亜語/易経]]
*# [[単亜語/春秋]]
* 西遊記
* [[単亜語/道徳経]] - The ''Tao Te Ching'', or 닷둑겅
* [[単亜語/孫子兵法]] - ''Sun Tzu's Art of War''
* [[単亜語/荘子]] - Zhuangzi
* [[単亜語/説苑]], 刺客列傳, 列女傳
=== Modern ===
* [[単亜語/218 sentences]] - Sentences to test syntax
* [[単亜語/英雄]] - ''Hero'' move subtitles
* [[単亜語/宣言書]] - Korean Declaration of Independence
* [[単亜語/玉音放送]] - The Emperor's broadcast ending WWII
* [[単亜語/出身論]] - "On Class Origins" is an article by Yu Luoke and published in January 1967 in the Journal of Middle-School Cultural Revolution.
* [[単亜語/射鵰三部曲]] - The Condor Trilogy by 金庸
* [[単亜語/聖経]] - The Bible would be translated, never transliterated

== Links ==
#[https://www.facebook.com/groups/cjkvauxlang/ CJKV Auxlang Facebook Group]

== References ==
<references />
== Bibliography ==
=== Linguistics ===
: Holm, John A. ''Pidgins and Creoles: Volume 1, Theory and Structure ''. Cambridge Language Surveys. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1988-1989.
: ---. ''Pidgins and Creoles: Volume 2, Reference Survey ''. Cambridge Language Surveys. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1988-1989.
: McWhorter, John. ''Language A to Z''. Columbia University. The Great Courses, 2013. CD and booklet.
=== Chinese ===
: Kroll, Paul W. ''A Student's Dictionary of Classical and Medieval Chinese''. Bilingual ed. Amersfoort, The Netherlands: Brill Academic Pub, 2014.
: Miller, Roy A. ''Dictionary of Spoken Chinese''. Taipei: Mei Ya Publications, 1966
: Rouzer, Paul. ''A New Practical Primer of Literary Chinese''. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Asia Center, 2007.
=== Japanese ===
: Vaccari, Orsete, and Mrs Enko Elisa Vaccari. ''Complete Course of Japanese Conversation-Grammar'' (Entirely Reset, Greatly Enlarged) 24th Edition. Japan: Dai Nippon Printing Company, 1973.
=== Korean ===
: Martin, Samuel E. ''Reference Grammar of Korean: a Complete Guide to the Grammar and History of the Korean Language.'' Revised, ed. Clarendon, VT: Tuttle Publishing, 2006.
: 新活用玉篇. Seoul, Korea: Dong-a Publishing and Printing Co., 1975
=== Language Construction ===
: Okrent, Arika. ''In the Land of Invented Languages: Adventures in Linguistic Creativity, Madness, and Genius''. New York: Spiegel & Grau, 2010.
: Rosenfelder, Mark. ''The Language Construction Kit''. Chicago: Yonagu Books, 2010.
: ---. ''The Planet Construction Kit''. Chicago: Yonagu Books, 2010.
: ---. ''Advanced Language Construction''. Chicago: Yonagu Books, 2012.
: ---. ''The Conlanger's Lexipedia''. Chicago: Yonagu Books, 2013.

[[Category:A posteriori‎]]
[[Category:Languages]]
[[Category:Auxlangs]]
[[Category:Universal Languages]]
[[Category:Dan'a'yo]]
{{Aquatiki}}

Contionary:tenpo

2025-08-02T02:33:55Z

Aquatiki: Created page with "==Toki Pona== ===Etymology=== Esperanto: tempo; ''time''. Created by Sonja Lang pre-pu. ===Pronunciation=== (''Toki Pona'') IPA: /ˈten.po/ ===Content Word=== '''tenpo''' # time, occasion, moment # situation, phase {{Aquatiki}} Category:Toki Pona content words Category:Toki Pona words"

==Toki Pona==
===Etymology===
Esperanto: tempo; ''time''. Created by Sonja Lang pre-pu.

===Pronunciation===
(''Toki Pona'') [[Guide:IPA|IPA]]: /ˈten.po/
===Content Word===
'''tenpo'''

# time, occasion, moment
# situation, phase

{{Aquatiki}}

[[Category:Toki Pona content words]] [[Category:Toki Pona words]]

Contionary:waso

2025-07-11T03:09:19Z

Aquatiki: Created page with "==Toki Pona== ===Etymology=== From Acadian French ''oiseau'' ("bird"). Created by Sonja Lang pre-pu. ===Pronunciation=== (''Toki Pona'') IPA: /ˈwa.so/ ===Content Word=== '''waso''' # bird, flying thing {{Aquatiki}} Category:Toki Pona content words Category:Toki Pona words"

==Toki Pona==
===Etymology===
From Acadian French ''oiseau'' ("bird"). Created by Sonja Lang pre-pu.

===Pronunciation===
(''Toki Pona'') [[Guide:IPA|IPA]]: /ˈwa.so/
===Content Word===
'''waso'''

# bird, flying thing

{{Aquatiki}}
[[Category:Toki Pona content words]] [[Category:Toki Pona words]]

Contionary:kala

2025-07-09T18:37:01Z

Aquatiki: Created page with "==Toki Pona== ===Etymology=== Finnish: ''kala'', "fish". Created by Sonja Lang pre-pu. ===Pronunciation=== (''Toki Pona'') IPA: /ˈka.la/ ===Content Word=== '''kala''' # aquatic animal, fish ====Note==== The semantic space of kala includes aquatic and semiaquatic animals, including fish and all other creatures that tend to swim. It is a coordinate term with other animal words, chiefly akesi ("herptile"), pipi ("bug"), soweli ("land mammal"), and waso ("..."

==Toki Pona==
===Etymology===
Finnish: ''kala'', "fish". Created by Sonja Lang pre-pu.

===Pronunciation===
(''Toki Pona'') [[Guide:IPA|IPA]]: /ˈka.la/
===Content Word===
'''kala'''

# aquatic animal, fish

====Note====
The semantic space of kala includes aquatic and semiaquatic animals, including fish and all other creatures that tend to swim. It is a coordinate term with other animal words, chiefly akesi ("herptile"), pipi ("bug"), soweli ("land mammal"), and waso ("bird"). Edge cases include otters, crabs, turtles, and other semiaquatic animals, sponges, as well as water-based plants like algae, which may be described as kala or with other animal words depending on context.

{{Aquatiki}}
[[Category:Toki Pona content words]] [[Category:Toki Pona words]]

Contionary:jelo

2025-07-08T14:09:44Z

Aquatiki: Created page with "==Toki Pona== ===Etymology=== From English ''yellow''. Created by Sonja Lang pre-pu. ===Pronunciation=== (''Toki Pona'') IPA: /ˈje.lo/ ===Content Word=== '''jelo''' # yellow, yellowish # be yellow, become yellow # the color yellow {{Aquatiki}} Category:Toki Pona content words Category:Toki Pona words"

==[[Toki Pona]]==
===Etymology===
From English ''yellow''. Created by Sonja Lang pre-pu.

===Pronunciation===
(''Toki Pona'') [[Guide:IPA|IPA]]: /ˈje.lo/
===Content Word===
'''jelo'''

# yellow, yellowish
# be yellow, become yellow
# the color yellow

{{Aquatiki}}

[[Category:Toki Pona content words]] [[Category:Toki Pona words]]

Contionary:unpa

2025-07-08T14:07:04Z

Aquatiki: tag

==[[Toki Pona]]==
===Etymology===
onomatopoeia. Created by Sonja Lang pre-pu.

===Pronunciation===
(''Toki Pona'') [[Guide:IPA|IPA]]: /ˈun.pa/
===Content Word===
'''unpa'''

# to have sex with, to have marital relations with
# sex, intercourse
# sexual
# sexually
{{Aquatiki}}

[[Category:Toki Pona content words]] [[Category:Toki Pona words]]

Contionary:SKIP/3/8/4

2025-07-04T15:48:09Z

Aquatiki: Created page with "< {{C|SKIP}} | {{C|SKIP/3|3}} | {{C|SKIP/3/8|8}} * {{Ruby|{{C|閑}}|한}} - free time * {{Ruby|{{C|開}}|캐}} - open * {{Ruby|{{C|間}}|간}} - between * {{Ruby|{{C|閏}}|눈}} - intercalary * {{Ruby|{{C|悶}}|몬}} - agony * {{Ruby|{{C|閔}}|밈}} - urge # ''閖 - kokuji'' {{Aquatiki}} Category:SKIP"

< {{C|SKIP}} | {{C|SKIP/3|3}} | {{C|SKIP/3/8|8}} 

* {{Ruby|{{C|閑}}|한}} - free time
* {{Ruby|{{C|開}}|캐}} - open
* {{Ruby|{{C|間}}|간}} - between
* {{Ruby|{{C|閏}}|눈}} - intercalary
* {{Ruby|{{C|悶}}|몬}} - agony
* {{Ruby|{{C|閔}}|밈}} - urge
# ''閖 - kokuji''

{{Aquatiki}}
[[Category:SKIP]]

Contionary:Radical/169

2025-07-04T15:40:59Z

Aquatiki: /* +4 Strokes */

< {{C|Radical}} 
== Strokes ==
===+0 Stroke===
# {{Ruby|門|mon}} <-门

===+2 Strokes===
# {{C|閃}}<-闪

===+3 Strokes===
# {{Ruby|{{C|閉}}|베}}<-闭
* 閇->閉
* 问->問
* 闯->闖

===+4 Strokes===
# {{C|開}}
# {{C|閏}}
# {{Ruby|{{C|閑}}|한}}
# {{C|間}}
# {{C|閔}}
* 閒->閑
* 闰->閏
* 闲->閑
* 间->間
* 闵->閔
* 闷->悶

===+5 Strokes===
# {{C|閙}}<-闹
* 閠-->閏

===+6 Strokes===
# {{C|関}}
# {{C|閣}}
# {{C|閤}}
# {{C|閥}}
# {{C|閨}}
* 闺->閨
* 闻->聞
* 阀->閥
* 阁->閣

===+7 Strokes===
# {{C|閲}}<-阅
* 䦞->閏
* 閱->閲

===+8 Strokes===
# {{C|閻}}
* 閹->奄<-阉
* 阎->閻

===+9 Strokes===
# {{C|闇}}
# {{C|闊}}
* !!!闏!!!
* 阔->闊

===+10 Strokes===
* 闔->閤<-阖
# {{C|闖}}
# {{C|闘}}

===+11 Strokes===
* 關->関

===+13 Strokes===
* 闢->辟

{{Aquatiki}}
[[Category:SKIP]]

Contionary:閑

2025-07-04T15:39:12Z

Aquatiki: Created page with "== Dan'a'yo == {| class="floatright wikitable" ! colspan="2" | Fact Table |- ! 中 | 2 |- ! 日 | 高等 |- ! 韓 | 中 |- ! colspan="2" | {{C|SKIP/3/8/4}} |- ! colspan="2" | {{C|Radical/169}} (門) |}  === Alternative Forms === Hanmun: {{C|한}} ; Latin: {{C|han}}; Illegal: 闲, 閒 === Pronunciation === (''Dan'a'yo'') IPA: /han/ === Noun === #..."

== [[Dan'a'yo]] ==
{| class="floatright wikitable"
! colspan="2" | Fact Table
|-
! 中
| [[単亜語/HSK/2|2]]
|-
! 日
| [[単亜語/常用/高等|高等]]
|-
! 韓
| [[単亜語/敎育用基礎漢字/中|中]]
|-
! colspan="2" | {{C|SKIP/3/8/4}}
|-
! colspan="2" | {{C|Radical/169}} (門)
|}


=== Alternative Forms ===
Hanmun: {{C|한}} ; Latin: {{C|han}}; Illegal: 闲, 閒

=== Pronunciation ===
(''Dan'a'yo'') [[Guide:IPA|IPA]]: /han/

=== Noun ===
# free time

=== Usage Notes ===
{{Ambox|type=content|issue=This character may not appear alone. The mean is "free time, leisure", but that must be written as {{Ruby|閑暇|한하}}. This character may appear as part of other words too.}}

{{Aquatiki}}
[[Category:Contionary]] [[Category:Dan'a'yo nouns]] [[Category:Dan'a'yo words]]

Contionary:友

2025-07-02T23:25:11Z

Aquatiki: Created page with "== Dan'a'yo == {| class="floatright wikitable" ! colspan="2" | Fact Table |- ! 中 | HSK/1 |- ! 日 | 2 |- ! 韓 | 中 |- ! colspan="2"| {{C|SKIP/3/2/2}} |- ! colspan="2" | {{C|Radical/29}} (又) |}  === Alternative Forms === Hanmun: {{C|윳}} ; Latin: {{C|'yuu}} === Pronunciation === (''Dan'a'yo'') IPA: /juǝ/ {{Ambox|type=content|issue=This charac..."

== [[Dan'a'yo]] ==
{| class="floatright wikitable"
! colspan="2" | Fact Table
|-
! 中
| [[単亜語/HSK/1|HSK/1]]
|-
! 日
| [[単亜語/常用/2|2]]
|-
! 韓
| [[単亜語/敎育用基礎漢字/中|中]]
|-
! colspan="2"| {{C|SKIP/3/2/2}}
|-
! colspan="2" | {{C|Radical/29}} (又)
|}


=== Alternative Forms ===
Hanmun: {{C|윳}} ; Latin: {{C|'yuu}}

=== Pronunciation ===
(''Dan'a'yo'') [[Guide:IPA|IPA]]: /juǝ/

{{Ambox|type=content|issue=This character cannot stand alone in the language Dan'a'yo; it must be part of another word. The meaning of the character is 'friend' which is written {{Ruby|朋友|붕윳}}. The sound is "'yuu".}}

{{Aquatiki}}
[[Category:Contionary]] [[Category:Dan'a'yo characters]]