Linguifex - User contributions [en]

User:Ashucky/Sketches/List of Veridian PMs

2015-10-23T12:33:50Z

Ashucky:

{{Infobox geopolitical organization
|name =
{{collapsible list
|titlestyle = background:transparent; font-size:9pt;
|title = {{resize|11.5pt|Union of Šarkunen Nations}}
|{{Infobox|subbox=yes|bodystyle= font-size:9pt;
| rowclass1 = mergedrow| label1 = [[Edievian]]: | data1 = Stanet Siáercunel
| rowclass2 = mergedrow| label2 = [[Harakti]]: | data2 = Gelguerahti sumumahētar
| rowclass3 = mergedrow| label3 = [[Laefêvëši|Laefevian]]: | data3 = Šárkaerittili máenda
| rowclass4 = mergedrow| label4 = [[Lesidean]]: | data4 = Camàlt Siocoîfè
| rowclass5 = mergedrow| label5 = [[Nithalos]]: | data5 = Uškemea Maloena
| rowclass6 = mergedrow| label6 = [[Ohkorian]]: | data6 = Šarəkunoje daikio
| rowclass7 = mergedrow| label7 = [[Emawake]]: | data7 = 쿠나순잘쿠넌 {{nobold|(kūnasun šālkunen)}}
| rowclass8 = mergedrow| label8 = [[Xynder]]: | data8 = Onhett Szjärkunenlandors
| rowclass9 = mergedrow| label9 = ''{{nobold|[[Helsen|Minor Terminian]]:}}'' | data9 = ''{{nobold|Odin det Šarkunen}}''
}}
}}
|linking_name =
|image_flag = UŠN flag.png
|symbol_type =
|image_symbol =
|image_map = UŠN_Locator.png
|map_width = 287px
|map_caption = Location of full members (dark green) and protectorate states (lighter green).
|membership = {{flag|Edievia}} {{flag|Haraku}} {{flag|Laefevia}} {{flag|Lesidea}} {{flag|Mereland}} {{flag|Mettat}} {{flag|Nithalosia}} {{flag|Ohkoria}} {{flag|Riyana}} {{flag|Thythiscaland}} {{flag|Xynderland}} '''Protectorate States''' {{flag|FDR Kal}} {{flag|Rugia}} {{flag|Vadosia}}
|admin_center_type =
|admin_center =
|languages_type = Official languages
|languages = [[Edievian]], [[Emawake]], [[Harakti]], [[Laefêvëši|Laefevian]], [[Merish]], [[Methinat]], [[Nithalos]], [[Ohkorian]], [[Thythisc]], [[Xynder]]
|languages2_type = Protectorate languages
|languages2 = [[Helsen|Minor Terminian]]
|languages2_sub = yes
|leader_title1 =
|leader_name1 =
|leader_title2 =
|leader_name2 =
|established = 26 April 2015
|established_event1 =
|established_date1 =
|established_event2 =
|established_date2 =
|official_website =
}}

The '''Union of Šarkunen Nations''' (abbreviated '''UŠN''' or '''USN''' alternatively), is a politico-economic union of 8 member states that are located primarily on the [[Šarkunen]] peninsula on the continent of [[Miraria]].

==History==
The UŠN was established by five countries: [[Edievia]], [[Laefevia]], [[Nithalosia]], [[Riyana]], and [[Xynderland]]. The Šarkunen nations formed the union due to a shared cultural heritage from centuries-long proximity to one another. The original founding of the UŠN was to ensure lasting relations of peace between the member nations.

The UŠN has since expanded and it now also includes [[Lesidea]] and [[Haraku]], two countries located in Šarkunen, and also [[Ohkoria]], an island country located west of Šarkunen, the latter becoming the first non-Šarkunen nation to be accepted into the UŠN. In early June 2015, the [[FDR Kal]] was accepted into the union as the first ''protectorate state''.

The [[Helsonian Union]], partially located in Šarkunen, has also requested to join the UŠN but was rejected membership.

==Politico-economic policies==
UŠN member states all adhere to the following principles and regulations:

*Maintenance of peaceful relations between all UŠN member states
*Free trade between member states
*Uninhibited travel of UŠN member state citizens within all UŠN member states with national identification (no passport required)
**Right to a translator and/or interpreter between any of the official languages of UŠN member states
**Right to legal representation in any foreign UŠN member state should the need arise outside of a citizen's home nation
*Mutual protection and defence
*Conservation and noble treatment of land, water, resources, and species native to the Šarkunen region
*Promotion of peace and international unity of nations in the Šarkunen region, and the rest of the planet

==Foreign relations==

==UŠN Agencies==
[[File:Sasp.png|thumbnail|150px|right|Logo of the Šarkunen Astronautical and Space Program (ŠASP)]]The UŠN manages international and joint-member state ventures. The first established was the Šarkunen Astronautical and Space Program (ŠASP), in May 2015.

==Linking here==
Since the letter ''Š'' is not supported everywhere, here are two shortcuts that can be used on your pages to display the character correctly:
* <code><nowiki>{{USN}}</nowiki></code> will display {{USN}} and link to this article,
* <code><nowiki>{{USN full}}</nowiki></code> will display {{USN full}} and link to this article.

[[Category:Laefevia]]

User:Ashucky/Sketches/List of Veridian PMs

2015-10-23T12:32:36Z

Ashucky:

{{Template:Infobox USN}}

The '''Union of Šarkunen Nations''' (abbreviated '''UŠN''' or '''USN''' alternatively), is a politico-economic union of 8 member states that are located primarily on the [[Šarkunen]] peninsula on the continent of [[Miraria]].

==History==
The UŠN was established by five countries: [[Edievia]], [[Laefevia]], [[Nithalosia]], [[Riyana]], and [[Xynderland]]. The Šarkunen nations formed the union due to a shared cultural heritage from centuries-long proximity to one another. The original founding of the UŠN was to ensure lasting relations of peace between the member nations.

The UŠN has since expanded and it now also includes [[Lesidea]] and [[Haraku]], two countries located in Šarkunen, and also [[Ohkoria]], an island country located west of Šarkunen, the latter becoming the first non-Šarkunen nation to be accepted into the UŠN. In early June 2015, the [[FDR Kal]] was accepted into the union as the first ''protectorate state''.

The [[Helsonian Union]], partially located in Šarkunen, has also requested to join the UŠN but was rejected membership.

==Politico-economic policies==
UŠN member states all adhere to the following principles and regulations:

*Maintenance of peaceful relations between all UŠN member states
*Free trade between member states
*Uninhibited travel of UŠN member state citizens within all UŠN member states with national identification (no passport required)
**Right to a translator and/or interpreter between any of the official languages of UŠN member states
**Right to legal representation in any foreign UŠN member state should the need arise outside of a citizen's home nation
*Mutual protection and defence
*Conservation and noble treatment of land, water, resources, and species native to the Šarkunen region
*Promotion of peace and international unity of nations in the Šarkunen region, and the rest of the planet

==Foreign relations==

==UŠN Agencies==
[[File:Sasp.png|thumbnail|150px|right|Logo of the Šarkunen Astronautical and Space Program (ŠASP)]]The UŠN manages international and joint-member state ventures. The first established was the Šarkunen Astronautical and Space Program (ŠASP), in May 2015.

==Linking here==
Since the letter ''Š'' is not supported everywhere, here are two shortcuts that can be used on your pages to display the character correctly:
* <code><nowiki>{{USN}}</nowiki></code> will display {{USN}} and link to this article,
* <code><nowiki>{{USN full}}</nowiki></code> will display {{USN full}} and link to this article.

[[Category:Laefevia]]

User:Ashucky/Sketches/List of Veridian PMs

2015-10-14T21:18:12Z

Ashucky:

{{Infobox country
|conventional_long_name = Caesillan Republic
|native_name = ''Írida Caésillan''
|common_name = Caesillania
|image_flag = Daolchulla flag.png
|alt_flag = 
|image_flag2 = 
|alt_flag2 = 
|image_coat = 
|alt_coat = 
|symbol_type = 
|national_motto = ''Gé chúlla.''
|national_anthem = 
|royal_anthem = 
|other_symbol_type = 
|other_symbol =
|image_map = 
|alt_map = 
|map_caption = 
|image_map2 = 
|alt_map2 = 
|map_caption2 = 
|capital = [[Horn Siorsu]]
|latd= | latm= | latNS= |longd= |longm= |longEW= 
|largest_city = [[Cronia]]
|largest_settlement_type = 
|largest_settlement = 
|official_languages = [[Dáolchulla (language)|Dáolchulla]]
|national_languages = 
|regional_languages = 
|languages_type = 
|languages = 
|languages_sub = 
|languages2_type = 
|languages2 = 
|languages2_sub = 
|ethnic_groups = 56% [[Caésilla]]
35% [[Dáolchulla (ethnicity)|Dáolchulla]]

9% Féarcáralla:

2% [[Na]]
7% other
|ethnic_groups_year = 2011
|demonym = Caesillan
|government_type = [[Wikipedia:Theocracy|Theocratic]] [[Wikipedia:Republic|Republic]]
|leader_title1 = High Priestess
|leader_name1 = Liríena Teaig
|leader_title2 = Prime Minister
|leader_name2 = Acháros Baélais
|legislature = Géta Bóst
|upper_house = 
|lower_house = 
|sovereignty_type = 
|sovereignty_note =
|established_event1 = Statehood
|established_date1 = 1496
|established_event2 = 
|established_date2 = 

|established_event9 = 
|established_date9 =
|area_rank =
|area_magnitude =
|area = 
|area_km2 = 71253.88
|area_sq_mi = 
|area_footnote = 
|percent_water =
|area_label = 
|area_label2 = 
|area_data2 = 
|population_estimate = 6,240,390
|population_estimate_rank =
|population_estimate_year = 2009
|population_census =
|population_census_year =
|population_density_km2 = 87.58
|population_density_sq_mi =
|population_density_rank =
|GDP_PPP = 
|GDP_PPP_rank =
|GDP_PPP_year =
|GDP_PPP_per_capita =
|GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank =
|GDP_nominal =
|GDP_nominal_rank =
|GDP_nominal_year =
|GDP_nominal_per_capita =
|GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank =
|Gini = 23
|Gini_ref = 
|Gini_rank =
|Gini_year = 2009
|HDI = 0.561
|HDI_ref = 
|HDI_rank =
|HDI_year = 2012
|currency =
|currency_code =
|time_zone = 
|utc_offset = 
|time_zone_DST = 
|utc_offset_DST = 
|DST_note = 
|antipodes = 
|date_format = 
|drives_on =
|cctld = .cs
|iso3166code = 
|calling_code = +692
|image_map3 = 
|alt_map3 = 
|footnote_a = 
|footnote_b = 

|footnote_h = 
|footnotes = 
|patron_saint =
}}

'''Caesillania''' (IPA: /ˈkæsɪˌlanjə/ or /ˈkeʃɪˌlanjə/, Daolchullan: ''Írida Caésillan'', IPA: /ˈiɹɪðˠa ˈke:ʃɪl:an/), officially the '''Caesillan Republic''', is a small and peaceful theocracy located in the north-East of (South Continent).

==Etymology==
''Írida Caésillan'' means 'Garden of the People' in [[Dáolchulla (language)|Dáolchulla]].

==History==

==Geography==
Caesillania is a relatively small country located on a small peninsula on the north-east shore of (South Continent). It is bordered by the (name) ocean to the east and south and the (name) mountains on the west and north. Most of the country is a low floodplain, forming many long tracts of marsh and swamp.

The primary form of transportation in the country is by boat along the extensive river and canal system.

===Geology===

===Climate===
Caesillania has a very wet, subtropical rainforest climate.

===Biodiversity===

==Politics==

===Government===

===Administrative divisions===

===Foreign relations===

==Economy==

===Science and technology===

===Tourism===

==Demographics==

===Ethnic groups===
There are three recognized ethnic groups in Caesillania; the [[Caésilla]], the [[Dáolchulla]], and the Féarcáralla, the last roughly translating to "those of other origins." The Caésilla and Dáolchulla are the only recognized native ethnicities.

The Dáolchulla are a nonhuman species, the vast majority of whom live in Caesillania, and who are generally considered to have only one ethnic group. Overall humanoid in appearance, they have pointed ears, fungal or plant parasites, long clawed fingers, a variety of nonhuman skin tones (including greens and purples), and often exceed two metres in height. They can live much longer than humans, with records of individuals claiming to be half a century or older.

The Caésilla, who get their name from the country they live in, are human, and more populous than the Dáolchulla, but have considerably less social and political power. However, in recent years, they have become much more technologically advanced and economically strong than the Dáolchulla. Most are descended from native human populations or humans who were previously enslaved by the Dáolchulla, although naturalized human immigrants are also considered to be Caésilla.

There are a variety of Féarcáralla ethnicities and species, but they are all legally recognized as one ethnic group.

===Language===

===Education===

===Healthcare===

===Religion===
''Gétá chúlla'', or 'tending the growth,' is the name of the main religion practiced in the Caesillan Republic. It is an animistic religion with many folk-magic practices, particularly concerned with the usage of plants for healing and poisoning. The spirit representatives of plants are the central deities, with ''Síorsu'' (belladonna) as the most revered.

==Culture==

===Heritage===

===Architecture===

===Art===

===Theatre===

===Cuisine===
The Dáolchulla population is capable of obtaining approximately 70% of their required energy through natural photosynthesis. Foods consumed tend to be for non-strictly-nutritious purposes; alcohol and other drugs make up a huge percentage of consumption.

Although humans have different nutritional requirements, Caésilla also consume a large amount of alcohol and other drugs in comparison to most humans, due to cultural influence from the Dáolchulla.

Meat and animal products are uncommon, but not absent, from Caésillan cuisine. Alligator meat is something put into a lot of meals sold to tourists, but only occasionally eaten by natives.

[[Category:Laefevia]]

User:Ashucky/Sketches/List of Laef Admin div

2015-10-14T21:16:18Z

Ashucky: Created page with "{{multiple image | align = right | direction = vertical | width = 450 | header = Laefevian provinces and prefectures. | image1 = Laef provinces and capitals.png | alt1 = | ca..."

{{multiple image
| align = right
| direction = vertical
| width = 450
| header = Laefevian provinces and prefectures.
| image1 = Laef provinces and capitals.png
| alt1 =
| caption1 = The provinces and their capitals
| image2 = Laef prefectures.png
| alt2 =
| caption2 = Laefevian prefectures.
}}

[[Laefevia]] is divided into provinces ({{small|Laefêvëši}}: ''wíhd'' {{IPA-qlf|ˈu̯iːxd̥|}}, {{small|plural}}: ''wída'' {{IPA-qlf|ˈu̯iːda|}}, which are further divided into prefectures (''nýkset'' {{IPA-qlf|ˈnyːkset|}}, {{small|plural}} ''nýkseta'' {{IPA-qlf|ˈnyːkseta|}}), these to counties, and further into municipalities and localities.

There are nine provinces, which generally correspond to historical kingdoms. There is a total of 65 prefectures. Each province is composed of a different number of prefectures, the lowest is two prefectures per province and the highest is 17 prefectures per province.

{| class="wikitable"
|+ Laefevian provinces and prefectures
|-
! colspan="3" | Provinces !! rowspan="2" | Number of prefectures
|-
! Laefevian name !! Native name !! Native script
|-
| colspan="3" | Ajlísken || 6
|-
| Gaþínnel || colspan="2" | ''Gathrínel'' || 6
|-
| Gúttisel || colspan="2" | ''Gutiskland'' || 4
|-
| colspan="3" | Irrésken || 17
|-
| Ixéssem || ''Wiḫedil Irǧerenti'' || وخدل ئرغرنت || 7
|-
| Sáelkem || ''Saitlahör'' || 사잍짜헐 || 8
|-
| Séttokem || colspan="2" | ''Settakes'' || 2
|-
| Taérinel || ''Tainirenda'' || たいにれんだ || 4
|-
| colspan="3" | Unnésken || 11
|}

{| class="wikitable"
|+ Names of Laefevian provinces and prefectures
|-
! colspan="3" | Provinces !! colspan="3" | Prefectures
|-
! Laefevian name !! Native name !! Native script !! Laefevian name !! Native name !! Native script
|-
| rowspan="6" colspan="3" | '''Ajlísken''' || colspan="3" | Výðeawa
|-
| colspan="3" | Hkóndawa
|-
| colspan="3" | Oegáewa
|-
| colspan="3" | Mâkvēwa
|-
| colspan="3" | Ijîeawa
|-
| colspan="3" | Liddúawa
|-
| rowspan="6" | '''Gaþínnel''' || rowspan="6" colspan="2" | ''Gathrínel'' || Okálleawa || colspan="2" |''Seith j'Ókalheir''
|-
| Léðideawa || colspan="2" |''Seith Lledhwidur''
|-
| Mêþþiawa || colspan="2" |''Seith Mljathhweicur''
|-
| Duŋáwa || colspan="2" |''Seith Djungátur''
|-
| Ubréndawa || colspan="2" |''Seith jWebreldur''
|-
| Tôrrymawa || colspan="2" |''Seith Tjoarhymjyr''
|-
| rowspan="4" | '''Gútissel''' || rowspan="4" colspan="2" | ''Gutiskland'' || Stênhēnwa || colspan="2" | ''Stænhæmfelþur''
|-
| Vínhanwa || colspan="2" | ''Vindhavnfelþur''
|-
| Bérhēnwa || colspan="2" | ''Berghæmfelþur''
|-
| Hrójbyrwa || colspan="2" | ''Hróþbýrfelþur''
|-
| rowspan="17" colspan="3" | '''Irrésken''' || colspan="3" | Solténnawa
|-
| colspan="3" | Tawêrmēwa
|-
| colspan="3" | Hájleawa
|-
| colspan="3" | Nóminjel
|-
| colspan="3" | Walláwa
|-
| colspan="3" | Asádrawa
|-
| colspan="3" | Vešírveawa
|-
| colspan="3" | Þýttewa
|-
| colspan="3" | Símpeawa
|-
| colspan="3" | Voséntawa
|-
| colspan="3" | Øksǿnjelwa
|-
| colspan="3" | Ðýndeawa
|-
| colspan="3" | Bîrymawa
|-
| colspan="3" | Únnavēwa
|-
| colspan="3" | Číhtawa
|-
| colspan="3" | Dóerrawa
|-
| colspan="3" | Turuénteawa
|-
| rowspan="7" | '''Ixéssem''' || rowspan="7" | ''Wiḫedil Irǧerenti'' || rowspan="7" | وخدل ئرغرنت || Hatutánwa || ''Tniksel Hatutanin'' || تنکسل حتتنن
|-
| Hentmétwa || ''Tniksel Ḫentmenti'' || تنکسل خنتمنت
|-
| Wasútwa || ''Tniksel Wasnut'' || تنکسل وسنت
|-
| Tasenétwa || ''Tniksel Tasenenti'' || تنکسل تسننت
|-
| Ǯurtútwa || ''Tniksel Đurtnut'' || تنکسل جرتنت
|-
| Lačéttuwa || ''Tniksel Tlatčentut'' || تنکسل تلتچنتت
|-
| Šoršétwa || ''Tniksel Coršenti'' || تنکسل ښرشنت
|-
| rowspan="8" | '''Sáelkem ''' || rowspan="8" | ''Saitlahör'' || rowspan="8" | 사잍짜헐 || Čênnēwa || ''Čäännäkseet'' || 첀냌솉
|-
| Bôrmuwa || ''Bårmuunjseet'' || 봘뮩솉
|-
| Čǿkkøwa || ''Čöhkömseet'' || 첳컴솉
|-
| Kjársugwa || ''Kjarsuggokseet'' || 깔숙곸솉
|-
| Óppadwa || ''Oppadseet'' || 옾팓솉
|-
| Šýrøwa || ''Šürööhseet'' || 쓰렿솉
|-
| Líggōwa || ''Lingååkseet'' || 찐궠솉
|-
| Jĕškiwa || ''Jëčkikseet'' || 쥋킼솉
|-
| rowspan="2" | '''Séttokem''' || rowspan="2" colspan="2" | ''Settakes'' || Átallowa || colspan="2" | ''Atallokän''
|-
| Ýrjyswa || colspan="2" | ''Ürjüskän''
|-
| rowspan="4" | '''Taérinel''' || rowspan="4" | ''Tainirenda'' || rowspan="4" | たいにれんだ || Gínašwa || ''Ginasitou'' || ぎなしとう
|-
| Ókienwa || ''Okientou'' || おきえんとう
|-
| Híttowa || ''Hittotou'' || ひっととう
|-
| Déskawa || ''Desukatou'' || ですかとう
|-
| rowspan="11" colspan="3" | '''Unnésken''' || colspan="3" | Neáiawa
|-
| colspan="3" | Ʒintárawa
|-
| colspan="3" | Gvêltēwa
|-
| colspan="3" | Illýheawa
|-
| colspan="3" | Krǿndēwa
|-
| colspan="3" | Xâstinelwa
|-
| colspan="3" | Mižíjawa
|-
| colspan="3" | Výljeawa
|-
| colspan="3" | Ûkselwa
|-
| colspan="3" | Føttáwa
|-
| colspan="3" | Arkéawa
|-
|}

[[Category:Laefevia]]

User:Ashucky/Sketches/List of Veridian PMs

2015-10-14T21:12:39Z

Ashucky:

{{Infobox country
|conventional_long_name = Allied Territories of the Vodholk and Achiyitqan Peoples
|native_name = ''Cakoonukulbaat Bódolkuyeya Aciyitqánakeya''
|common_name = Achiyitqana, ATVAP, AV
|image_flag = Acy_flag.png
|alt_flag = Achiyitqan flag
|image_coat = fosh.png
|alt_coat = 'Hánunni' Emblem
|national_motto = ''Inbituuwhiu'' | Learn forever
|national_anthem = ''Kaaligeyeh kasálmoosdin'' | In the plain beyond the trees
|image_map = ACY states map.png
|alt_map = The seven states of Achiyitqana
|map_caption = 
|image_map2 = 
|alt_map2 = 
|map_caption2 = 
|capital = [[Onpihasga]]
|latd= | latm= | latNS= |longd= |longm= |longEW= 
|largest_city = [[Tigáatgiaqits]]
|official_languages = [[Achiyitqan]]
|regional_languages = Salitkalish, Vodholk
|languages_type = Official Sign Language
|languages = Manual Vodholk
|languages_sub = 
|languages2_type = 
|languages2 = 
|languages2_sub = 
|ethnic_groups = 71% Achiyitqan
13% [[Vodholk]]

7% Salitkalish

3% Shrake

2% Recin

1% Ruottsk

3% Other
|ethnic_groups_year = 2009 census
|demonym = Achiyitqan, Achiyitqanian
|government_type = Confederate democracy
|leader_title1 = Modamih
|leader_name1 = Seyanilé'on Nau'Aciyitqána
|leader_title2 = Tsaabmodah
|leader_name2 = Tikuwɥaipé KaŊiwckoonu'on
|leader_title3 = Geyehmodah
|leader_name3 = Tóog'inhida'on 'taKiinápsk
|leader_title4 = Uummodah
|leader_name4 = Uummodiin HeHáawulessqits
|leader_title5 = Muuwimmodah
|leader_name5 = Tilpiloɥɥio NauMuuwiniliá
|leader_title6 = Gáammodah
|leader_name6 = Áhet He'Tasulsliá
|legislature =
|upper_house = ''Ŋiwckoonuyo Binooka'' Council of the People
|sovereignty_type = Sovereign state
|sovereignty_note =
|established_event1 = Confederation
|established_date1 = 1752
|established_event2 = 
|established_date2 = 
|established_event9 = 
|established_date9 =
|area_rank =
|area_magnitude =
|area = 
|area_km2 = 636457.2
|area_sq_mi = 
|area_footnote = 
|percent_water =
|area_label = 
|area_label2 = 
|area_data2 = 
|population_estimate =
|population_estimate_rank =
|population_estimate_year =
|population_census = 4,610,280
|population_census_year = 2014
|population_density_km2 = 7.2
|population_density_sq_mi =
|population_density_rank =
|GDP_PPP = 
|GDP_PPP_rank =
|GDP_PPP_year = 2012 estimate
|GDP_PPP_per_capita = 42,000 (USD)
|GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = (???)
|GDP_nominal =
|GDP_nominal_rank =
|GDP_nominal_year =
|GDP_nominal_per_capita =
|GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank =
|Gini = 29
|Gini_rank = (???)
|Gini_year = 2014
|HDI = 0.896
|HDI_rank = ???
|HDI_year = 2014
|currency = Achiyitqan Onni
|currency_code = AQO
|time_zone = 
|utc_offset = 
|antipodes = 
|date_format = 
|drives_on = right
|cctld = .aq
|iso3166code = 
|calling_code = 
|image_map3 = 
|alt_map3 = 
|footnote_a = 
|footnote_b = 
|footnote_h = 
|footnotes = 
|patron_saint = Aciy
}}

'''Achiyitqana''' (IPA: /æt͡ʃijɪt'kɑnə/, Achiyitqan: ''Aciyitqána'', IPA: /at͡ʃɪjɪt'qána/), officially the '''Allied Territories of the Vodholk and Achiyitqan Peoples''', sometimes referred to as ATVAP, formerly ATAP, is a moderately sized confederation located on the north-west coast of [[Miraria]] and its surrounding islands. Most of its territory is within the arctic circle. It is bordered by the [[Great Kaisen Empire]] to the east and [[Uvanga]] to the west.

==Etymology==
''Aciyitqa'' comes from the Achiyitqan for 'children of [[The Recognition of Aciy#Aciy|Aciy]],' a hero-god central to the [[The Recognition of Aciy|Achiyitqan religion]], and -na is a suffix used in country names based on languages, roughly translating to 'land of the speakers of (language).' After the recent acquisition of [[Tesktóso'et]], and somewhat less recently [[Uumstú]], states primarily inhabited by the Vodholk, the name expanded to include their endonym.

==History==

=== Prehistoric times ===
Although recent archaeological forays are unearthing some evidence of early human habitation, most understanding of the past of Achiyitqana is based on the legends of [[The Recognition of Aciy#Aciy|Aciy]]'s arrival in the north and the subsequent peopling of the area by the races of Aciy's parents.

===Establishment===
The North Achiyitqan Territory (''Uumkulbaa Achiyitqánakeya'' or UKA for short) was first established in 1752 in response to threat of the expanding Kaisen Empire. It was thought that establishing formal federal borders, which had never before been done at a large scale by any Achiyitqan people, would dissuade Kaisen invasion. The territory initially comprised present-day [[Psonqokulbaa]] and northern [[Geyehsun]]. The original capital of this territory was Ta'iŋalinn.

UKA was found to be quite functional as a defensive tactic, and also encouraged greater cooperation between the nomadic and sedentary peoples in the state, which further improved defense, as well as bolstering trade, improving the flow of resources, and allowed more leisure time for all citizens.

In 1786 the South Achiyitqan Territory (''Tsaabkulbaa Achiyitqánakeya'' or TKA) was founded as a separate nation, including the major trade hubs of Tigáatgiaqits and Kiinápsk, and covering most of present-day [[Tsaabkulbaa]] and southern Geyehsun.

[...]

The primarily-Vodholk-populated territories of [[Uumstú]] and [[Tesktóso'et]] were both annexed in the last hundred years.

==Geography and Geology==
Achiyitqana is a mid-sized coastal and island nation with a small amount of inland territory, and therefore it is very cold and windy for much of the year. The inland and southern areas have a milder sub-arctic climate.

===Biodiversity===
The sea is fairly plentiful with fish, marine mammals, seabirds, and even seaweeds. The land is much more sparsely inhabited; it is too cold for any reptiles, although there are some cold-hardy amphibians, and a decent repertoire of mammals and birds.

Notable among its fauna are several large mammals that became extinct after the last Ice Age on Earth, although many have been affected by [[Wikipedia:Insular dwarfism|island dwarfism]], including a pygmy mammoth.

===Government===
Achiyitqana is a territory defended and controlled by several small governments working together. The head of the country, the Modamih (from Achiyitqan ''móda-mih'', 'grand leader'), is appointed from among the Council of the People, who in turn are democratically elected by the populace. The Modamih does not actually have greater power than the other Modahs (leaders) except in name, ceremony, and a few international matters. There is no limit to the number of times a Modah can be elected, unless there is significant enough controversy to ask one to step down.

There are seven states, which are subdivided into smaller counties and municipalities. Each state has its own capital city. The capital city of the country is unfixed, and becomes the capital city of whichever state is home to the current Modamih.

The current Modamih is Seyanilé'on Nau'Aciyitqána (prev. HeOnpihasga), marking Onpihasga as the capital city of [[Psonqokulbaa]] (Central Territory) and therefore all of Achiyitqana. Seyanilé'on was elected in 2005 and has served two consecutive five-year terms, and was just elected for a third term.

The most populous state is [[Tsaabkulbaa]] (South Territory), headed by the Tsaabmodah Tikuɥaipé KaŊiwckoonu'on (prev. HeTigáatgiaqits). Its capital city Tigáatgiaqits is the most populated in the country, which is the main reason that Tsaabkulbaa has been the capital of Achiyitqana more than any other state.

The other states are the [[Geyehsun]] (grasslands), the largest territory on the mainland; [[Uumstú]] (North Land), the northernmost, which holds the largest population of Futhorcs, whose Uummodah is often chosen from that population; [[Muuwiniliá]] (Ringed Seal Island), the largest island in the nation; and [[Gáankulbaa]] (Whale Territory), covering most of the smaller islands. As of June 2015 the seventh state, [[Tesktóso'et]], was annexed along the west boarder of Uumstú.

Each state lays claim to some of the national waters, with the island states (Muuwiniliá and Gáankulbaa) having the largest portions, and Geyehsun the least.

===Foreign relations===

Achiyitqana has a strong trade partnership with many other nations and has allies in many scientifically-minded nations, and among its neighbours.

Achiyitqana has a small navy, and a sizeable portion of citizens are members of various militias which are focused on national and regional defense and relief efforts. There is rarely international trouble, and when there is, Achiyitqana calls on its allies or hires professional armies to provide aid.

==Economy==
Historically, the Achiyitqan peoples have been split into two groups: the subsistence hunters who stay in the far north, and the explorers and traders who ranged the world. Trade remained a major part of the Achiyitqan economy until recent centuries when producers found more direct ways to ship their own goods to importers, although many Achiyitqan citizens and emigrants still sail cargo ships and ocean liners.

From the early 1950s, Achiyitqan oil, mostly mined off the north shore of Muuwinilia, became an important resource for many industrial nations. However, after a number of disastrous oil spills negatively affected the fishing industry and regional wildlife, oil production petered out, officially halting in 1993. Today Achiyitqana still exports some energy resources, including mined coal, and excess electricity from its nuclear reactors. It supplies most of the electricity for its neighbour, [[Uvanga]].

Today's Achiyitqana has a manufacturing and resources-based economy. It is hugely reliant on fishing exports, including fish, crustaceans, seaweeds and other aquatic life. Mining of metals and gemstones are also contributions - most metals are used internally, but a significant number of precious stones are shipped internationally. The metals are often indirectly exported in the form of ships - mostly fishing, cargo, coastguard, transport, and other utility ships, although there is also some production of military, research and luxury vessels.

Traditionally-made winter clothing and sporting goods have long been lucrative exports, although environmentalist and vegan concern over sealing and whaling has diminished the value of this industry.

Technology has become the mainstay of the Achiyitqan export economy in the last fifty years, mainly using metals received from Uvanga in return for Achiyitqan electricity. Home computers, cell phones, televisions and other luxury technology items are made, but robotics and scientific equipment including imaging and communication devices, laboratory safety equipment, precise measuring and positioning devices, and many other items are produced in much greater quantities. There are also many Achiyitqan software engineers.

===Transport===
The chief methods of transportation are nautical. Over land, there are some paved roadways, but generally skidoos/snowmobiles or traditional dogsleds (or sleds pulled by other means) are more practical. The most efficient method of transportation is of course by airway, and there are many small airports in the country.

===Energy===
The larger settlements and cities of Achiyitqana have well-established, weather-proofed, buried power grids, which mostly rely on nuclear energy. Since the 1960s Achiyitqana has also been increasing usage of wind energy, natural gas and hydroelectricity.

In the more sparsely populated areas, especially further north and inland, there is still power infrastructure; dotted throughout the landscape are approximately 3,000 free-to-use, taxpayer-funded ''Hiiliknpsomqitt'' or "power stops," often referred to as HPQ for short (or HiPQi in Achiyitqan syllabics), where nomadic peoples can come to charge batteries and make use of internet and telephone connections. Most of the HPQs are along underground power grids that are carefully-maintained, while a few are independent, drawing from wind and water turbines. The internet and telephone services are provided via satellite.

Small permanent or seasonal hamlets have formed around some HPQs.

===Science and technology===
Achiyitqana was at the forefront of technological innovation throughout much of history, owing partially to their substantial international trading and traveling, but also largely due to the religious and cultural importance of learning and sharing.

Many shipbuilding innovations, historical and recent, have been attributed to Achiyitqan boatmakers, including transport and trade vessels, fishing boats, and especially scientific vessels and marine equipment including submarines. There has also been much in the way of inventions to improve arctic living, such as highly efficient greenhouses. Some other historical inventions attributed - sometimes with argument - to Achiyitqanian inventors include early telescopes and the octant. Achiyitqanian engineers were also responsible for some of the first stable nuclear energy plants.

Achiyitqana has also partaken of many in-depth studies of ocean currents, life in the frozen arctic sea, and in the deep ocean. Many scientific conferences in these fields have been held in the capital city, Onpihasga, and in other locales. In 1953 Achiyitqana founded its own space agency, LALHA (''KaLaigeilai At'onkeya w Liɥɥia'onkeya nauHast Aciyitqánaka'' - The Achiyitqanian Association of Explorers and Scientists for Space) and was one of the first nations to put a satellite into space, in 1959 (Qengon ''Qehŋ'on'', 'Messenger', pictured on the 20 onni bill).

International scientists often team up with Achiyitqanian engineers and manufacturers to invent high-grade scientific equipment.

===Tourism===
Throughout most of the year Achiyitqana sees some tourism from people wanting to view the northern lights, with an influx at the winter solstice, during the 'eternal night.' There are also some summer tourists every year during the 'eternal day' of the summer solstice. Other main attractions include hunting, wilderness survival and other extreme sports, whalewatching and other bio-tourist activities, and some recreational submarine dives. Overall, however, tourism has little impact on the economy.

==Demographics==

===Ethnic groups===
The Achiyitqan People is really a broad name referring to several smaller ethnic groups who practice the same (or similar) religion, many of whom trace their origins back to Aciy. However, there are some groups who were converted to Achiyitqagabi.

===Language===
The major languages of Achiyitqana are [[Achiyitqan]] and [[Futhorcish]].

===Religion===
([[The Recognition of Aciy|main article: Achiyitqan religion]])

Most Achiyitqanians follow the Achiyitqan religion, Achiyitqagabi. The people's namesake, Aciy, is their hero-god from whom they claim to descend. The religion focuses around the veneration of Aciy and, to a lesser extent, Aciy's parents and direct descendants, but also recognizes other spirits and deities.

==Culture==

===Heritage===
====Naming====
The traditional Achiyitqan name is only one part, the given name. Children are given a name that generally reflects their appearance, or their birth circumstances; however, most Achiyitqans change their names several times throughout their lives to better reflect their identity and accomplishments. Some may acquire titles which are added to the full name only on ceremonial occasions.

Since 1963 the government has encouraged citizens to take a second name to fit to international standards; these names are almost always place names indicating where the individual lives, works, or was born, although some individuals take patronyms, matronyms, or professional names. Like the first name, many Achiyitqans change their second names several times throughout their lives in keeping with life accomplishments; in recent years many have begun keeping the first name given to them at birth and changing only the second name to reflect significant accomplishments, or adding additional second names.

It has become traditional for the Modamih to take the surname Nau'Aciyitqána, 'for the benefit of Achiyitqana.'

===Architecture===

===Cuisine===

===Sport===

==See also==

[[Category:Laefevia]]

User:Ashucky/Sketches/List of Veridian PMs

2015-10-14T21:07:55Z

Ashucky: Created page with "{| class="wikitable" style="margin:0.5em auto" |'''Color key''' (for political party) |- |{{legend2|#94D6E0|Iovist Democratic Party|border=1px soli..."

{| class="wikitable" style="margin:0.5em auto"
|'''Color key''' (for political party)
|-
|{{legend2|#94D6E0|[[Iovist Democratic Party|Iovist Democratic Party]]|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}} 
{{legend2|#FFB638|[[National Liberal Front|National Liberal Front]]|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}} 
{{legend2| #2F3C96|[[Democratic Unionist Party| Democratic Unionist Party]]|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}} 
{{legend2|WhiteSmoke|Independant|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}} 
—Defunct Parties— 
{{legend2|LimeGreen|[[Friends of the Constitution|Friends of the Constitution]]|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}} 
{{legend2|Thistle|[[New Party|New Party]]|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}} 

|}
==Prime Ministers during the Kingdom of Veridia==
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
!colspan=3|Prime Minister
!colspan=2|Term of office
!rowspan=2 colspan=2|Reigning Monarch
|-
!colspan=2|Portrait
!width=180px|Name
!Took Office
!Left Office
|-
!style="background-color: LimeGreen" |
| [[File:Hadhrat_Shehzada_Abdul_Latif.jpg|80px]]
| [[Bláis Seré]]
| 1867 1875
| 1875 1880
| rowspan=2|[[File:Mahmud_Shah_Durrani.jpg|80px]] [[Maksénš III]]
|-
!style="background-color: LimeGreen" |
| [[File:Dadabhai_Naoroji.jpg|80px]]
| [[Médzar Kordónje]]
| 1880 1885
| 1885 1890
|-
!style="background-color: Thistle" |
| [[File:Hazrat_Mirza_Ghulam_Ahmad.jpg|80px]]
| [[Šjril Barbú]]
| 1890
| 1895
|rowspan=4|[[File:King_Inayatullah_Khan_of_Afghanistan.jpg|80px]] [[Maksénš IV]]
|-
!style="background-color: LimeGreen" |
| [[File:JNTata.jpg|80px]]
| [[Amwárj Lelúp]]
| 1895 1900
| 1900 1905
|-
!style="background-color: Thistle" |
| [[File:Young_Ambedkar.gif|80px]]
| [[Regi Masé]]
| 1905
| 1910
|-
!style="background-color: #2F3C96" |
| [[File:Annamalai_Chettiar.jpg|80px]]
| [[Lúsrev Čeváljr]]
| 1910
| 1915
|-
!style="background-color: #2F3C96" |
| [[File:Meher_Baba_in_suit.jpg|80px]]
| [[Maél Úvradz]]
| 1915
| 1920
| [[File:Suniti_Devi,_Maharani_of_Cooch_Behar.jpg|80px]] [[Aórurj II]]
|-
!style="background-color: Thistle" |
| [[File:V._S._Srinivasa_Sastri_1921.jpg|80px]]
| [[Ažvjrt Tomáž]]
| 1920
| 1925
|rowspan=4|[[File:Severjn.png|80px]] [[Séverjň VI]]
|}

==Prime Ministers during the Veridian Republic==

{|class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
!colspan=3|Prime Minister
!colspan=2|Term of office
!width=180px; rowspan=2 colspan=2 |President
|-
!colspan=2|Portrait
!width=180px|Name
!Took Office
!Left Office
|-
!style="background-color: Thistle" |
| [[File:SatyenBose1925.jpg|80px]]
| [[Ignás Bešon]]
| 1925
| 1927
!style="background-color: Thistle" |
| [[File: Mahmudtarzi.jpg|80px]] [[Jvés Hébrís]]
|-
!style="background-color: #FFB638" |
| [[File:H._S._Suhrawardy.gif|80px]]
| [[Alín Trotjr]]
| 1927
| 1933
!style="background-color: #FFB638" |
| rowspan=2|[[File:Abdulghafoor.JPG|80px]] [[Ǧól Gíradz]]
|-
!style="background-color: #FFB638" |
| [[File:King_Zahir_Shah_of_Afghanistan_in_1963.jpg|80px]]
| [[Fríjnk Gaǧoni]]
| 1933
| 1942
!style="background-color: #FFB638"|
|-
!style="background-color: #FFB638" |
| [[File:P._Jairaj_in_Magroor_(1950).jpg|80px]]
| [[Réjiš Lefív]]
| 1942
| 1950
!style="background-color: #FFB638" |
| rowspan=4|[[File:King_Mohammad_Zahir_Shah.jpg|80px]] [[Fríjnk Gaǧoni]]
|-
!style="background-color: #FFB638" |
| [[File:Iskander_Mirza.jpg|80px]]
| [[Sameíjl Sadúl]]
| 1950
| 1955
!style="background-color:#FFB638"|
|-
!style="background-color: #2F3C96" |
| [[File:Mohammad-Hashim-Zamani.jpg|80px]]
| [[Comé Berňjr]]
| 1955 1960 1965
| 1960 1965 1970
!style="background-color:#FFB638"|
|-
!style="background-color: #2F3C96" |
| [[File:Mahnaz_Afkhami_Photograph.jpg|80px]]
| [[Djla Dešart]]
| 1970 1975
| 1975 1980
!style="background-color:#FFB638"|
|-
!style="background-color:#94D6E0" |
| [[File:Advani.jpg|80px]]
| [[Jošín Béson]]
| 1980
| 1985
!style=“background-color:#FFB638"|
| rowspan=7 | [[File:SjergiDzonet.jpg |80px]] [[Sjergí Dzónet]]
|-
!style="background-color: #94D6E0" |
| [[File:Shashi_Tharoor_at_MEDEF.jpg|80px]]
| [[Régi Filjdóž]]
| 1985
| 1990
!style=“background-color:#FFB638"|
|-
!style="background-color: #94D6E0" |
| [[File:Msc2011_SZ_004_Menon_(cropped).jpg|80px]]
| [[Omér Ǧaňon]]
| 1990 1995
| 1995 2000
!style=“background-color:#FFB638"|
|-
!style="background-color:#FFB638" |
| [[File:Aryan_Khan.jpg|80px]]
| [[Valjntí Laǧo]]
| 2010
| 2015
!style=“background-color:#FFB638"|
|-
!style="background-color:#94D6E0" |
| [[File:Malalai_Joya_speaking_in_Finland.jpg |80px]]
| [[Hélína Púlajn]]
| 2015
| Incumbent
!style=“background-color:#FFB638"|
|}

[[Category:Laefevia]]

User:Ashucky/Sketches/List of Intl Airports

2015-10-14T21:04:40Z

Ashucky: Created page with "Countries with access to air travel will have international airports somewhere in their country. This is a list of those international airports in Sahar. {| class="wikitable..."

Countries with access to air travel will have international airports somewhere in their country. This is a list of those international airports in Sahar.

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+ International Airports
! Airport name !! Native name !! 3-letter code !! Locality !! Country !! Airline hub?
|-
| Aurora Landing
| Náa'ow Mkálakeya
| AQH
| [[Háawuleissqits]]
| {{flag|Achiyitqana}}
| {{emdash}}
|-
| Redcliff Landing
| Náa'ow Kiinápkeya
| AQK
| [[Kiinápsk]]
| {{flag|Achiyitqana}}
| {{emdash}}
|-
| Onpihasga Airport
| Téehoɥnu Onpihasgaka
| AQO
| [[Onpihasga]]
| {{flag|Achiyitqana}}
| {{emdash}}
|-
| Hanaki International
| Hánaki Deagúleydii
| AQT
| [[Tigáatgiaqits]]
| {{flag|Achiyitqana}}
| [[Kéeyid'ona]]
|-
| Bosato Airport
| Bąsatúa Zęjebą
| BOS
| [[Bosato]]
| {{flag|Bosato}}
| {{emdash}}
|-
| Cronia Airport
| Crómhnea Basksailach
| ICC
| [[Cronia]]
| {{flag|Caesillania}}
| {{emdash}}
|-
| Ngiêu Thẩp International
| Ngiêu Thẩp Ghải Chầum
| DNT
| Ngiêu Thẩp
| {{flagcountry|TDC}}
| [[Ngiêu Thẩp Air]]
|-
| Claen International
| Smalotguast o Claën
| EDC
| [[Claën]], Claën Province
| {{flag|Edievia}}
| [[Rurec|Rurec Airlines]]
|-
| Restits International
| Smalotguast o Restits
| EDR
| [[Restits]], Iomaësg Province
| {{flag|Edievia}}
| {{emdash}}
|-
| Taiedelt International
| Smalotguast o Taiedelt
| EDT
| Taiedelt, Boiad Province
| {{flag|Edievia}}
| {{emdash}}
|-
| Voer International
| Smalotguast o Voer
| EDV
| Voer, Slin Province
| {{flag|Edievia}}
| {{emdash}}
|-
| Ikolinis Flight Harbour
| Izzinaan Ikolinir
| FIK
| [[Ikolinis]], [[Ikolinian Kingdom]]
| {{flag|Fals Empire}}
| [[Kuulatir Y Izzak]]
|-
| Heedion Flight Harbour
| Izzinaan Heedir
| FHD
| [[Heedion]], [[Ikolinian Kingdom]]
| {{flag|Fals Empire}}
| {{emdash}}
|-
| Zükij Flight Harbour
| Izzinaan Zükyir
| FZK
| [[Zükij]], [[Haralland]]
| {{flag|Fals Empire}}
| {{emdash}}
|-
| Andion Flight Harbour
| Izzinaan Andionir
| FAN
| [[Andion]], [[Farressetland]]
| {{flag|Fals Empire}}
| {{emdash}}
|-
| Detelx Flight Harbour
| Izzinaan Detler
| FDT
| [[Detelx]], [[Pels Kingdom]]
| {{flag|Fals Empire}}
| {{emdash}}
|-
| Bastaren Flight Harbour
| Izzinaan Bastarenir
| FBT
| [[Bastaren]], [[Fáknirland]]
| {{flag|Fals Empire}}
| {{emdash}}
|-
| Fávekká Flight Harbour
| Izzinaan Fávekkákir
| FFV
| [[Fávekká]], [[Tiir Colony]]
| {{flag|Fals Empire}}
| {{emdash}}
|-
| Mannapeet Flight Harbour
| Izzinaan Mannapeetir
| FMP
| [[Mannapeet]], [[Mei Colony]]
| {{flag|Fals Empire}}
| {{emdash}}
|-
| Hemobora Flight Harbour
| Izzinaan Hemoborair
| FHB
| [[Hemobora]], [[Kirmired Colony]]
| {{flag|Fals Empire}}
| {{emdash}}
|-
| [[Troms Air Base]]
| Troms Vozdukbas
| KAL
| [[Troms Town]]
| {{flag|FDR Kal}}
| [[Avike Airlines]], [[Laefark]]
|-
| Köre International Airport
| Internaradij Vozdukhamen Köre
| HUI
| [[Köre]]
| {{flag|Helsonia}}
| [[State Air Tjelo]]
|-
| Solténna Flyport
| Solténnili laúlar
| LSO
| [[Solténna]]
| {{flag|Laefevia}}
| [[Laefark]]
|-
| Okállea Flyport
| Okálleili laúlar
| LOK
| [[Okállea]]
| {{flag|Laefevia}}
| {{emdash}}
|-
| Gínaš Flyport
| Gínašili laúlar
| LGI
| [[Gínaš]]
| {{flag|Laefevia}}
| {{emdash}}
|-
| Átallo Flyport
| Átalloili laúlar
| LAT
| [[Átallo]]
| {{flag|Laefevia}}
| {{emdash}}
|-
| Čênnē Flyport
| Čênnēili laúlar
| LCE
| [[Čênnē]]
| {{flag|Laefevia}}
| {{emdash}}
|-
| Výðea Flyport
| Výðeili laúlar
| LVY
| [[Výðea]]
| {{flag|Laefevia}}
| {{emdash}}
|-
| Neáia Flyport
| Neáiili laúlar
| LNE
| [[Neáia]]
| {{flag|Laefevia}}
| {{emdash}}
|-
| Hatután Flyport
| Hatutánili laúlar
| LHA
| [[Hatután]]
| {{flag|Laefevia}}
| {{emdash}}
|-
| Stênhēm Flyport
| Stênhēmili laúlar
| LST
| [[Stênhēm]]
| {{flag|Laefevia}}
| {{emdash}}
|-
| Zenli Mbolazua International Airport
| Ɂaɂuɂome Zilunege en Zenli B̃olazua aa
| NDA
| [[Ndoone 'Age]]
| {{flag|Mbamigi}}
| [[Zama'one Mbamigi Mbemudezo|Mbamigi Airlines]]
|-
| Goguzembembel International Airport
| Ɂaɂuɂome Zilunege en Goguzembembel za
| GOG
| [[Goguzembembel]]
| {{flag|Mbamigi}}
| [[Zama'one Mbamigi Mbemudezo|Mbamigi Airlines]]
|-
| Nithash International
| Niđaša Šoyapada
| NXN
| [[Nithash]]
| {{flag|Nithalosia}}
| [[Avike Airlines]]
|-
| Govtha International
| Govđae Šoyapada
| NXG
| Govtha
| {{flag|Nithalosia}}
| {{emdash}}
|-
| Yamvoth International
| Yamvođa Šoyapada
| NXY
| Yamvoth
| {{flag|Nithalosia}}
| {{emdash}}
|-
| Seret International
| Seretae Šoyapada
| NXS
| Seret City
| {{flag|Nithalosia}}
| {{emdash}}
|-
| Sashburg Airport
| Flugvollo de Sássaborg
| ISB
| [[Sashburg]]
| {{flag|Rugia}}
| [[Bonflug]]
|-
| Elten International Airport
| Emroili ni Elten ıku Adıfas
| ELT
| [[Elten]]
| {{flag|Sanmra}}
| {{emdash}}
|-
|-
| Orsili International Airport
| Emroili ni Orsili ıku Adıfas
| ORS
| [[Orsili]]
| {{flag|Sanmra}}
| {{emdash}}
|-
| Bernonsa International
| Qabigana Bernonsa
| QBR
| [[Bernonsa]], [[Azalae]]
| {{flag|Shaelia}}
| [[Kiaspa Airlines]]
|-
| Elan Læta International Airport
| Elan Lætada Qabišeobu
| ELQ
| [[Arsaebia]], [[Cloes]]
| {{flag|Shaelia}}
| {{emdash}}
|-
| Shaelia International Airport
| Qabišeobu Šaeleneiri
| QBŠ
| [[Lat Shaele]], [[Tiorpa]]
| {{flag|Shaelia}}
| {{emdash}}
|-
| Aecae Vazil International Airport
| Aecae Vazilda Qabišeobu
| AVQ
| [[Loekazau]], [[Cenedlyser]]
| {{flag|Shaelia}}
| {{emdash}}
|-
| Siana International
| Qabigana Siana
| QBS
| [[Siana]], [[Cenedlyser]]
| {{flag|Shaelia}}
| {{emdash}}
|-
| Broli International Airport
| Brolidi Qabišeobu
| BRQ
| [[Prinvall]], [[Vesica]]
| {{flag|Shaelia}}
| {{emdash}}
|-
| The Coastlands International Airport
| Qabišeobu Botueara
| QBB
| [[Visbadina]], [[Vastura]]
| {{flag|Shaelia}}
| {{emdash}}
|-
| Harborpoint International Airport
| Qabišeobu Datinajabera
| QDJ
| [[Sirakusa]], [[Tiorpa]]
| {{flag|Shaelia}}
| {{emdash}}
|-
| Visis International Airport
| Qabišeobu Vísísiri
| VIA
| [[Visis]], [[Tiorpa]]
| {{flag|Shaelia}}
| {{emdash}}
|-
| Midlands International Airport
| Qabišeobu Waboturu
| QWB
| [[Seber]], [[Azalae]]
| {{flag|Shaelia}}
| {{emdash}}
|-
| Masiona International Airport
| Masionada Qabišeobu
| MSQ
| [[Cathal]], [[Vesica]]
| {{flag|Shaelia}}
| {{emdash}}
|-
| Žautovx International Airport
| Žautovxda Qabišeobu
| ŽTX
| [[Pélaðani]], [[Sperana]]
| {{flag|Shaelia}}
| {{emdash}}
|-
| Kudan Aborayae International Airport
| Kudan Aborayaeda Qabišeobu
| KAQ
| [[Astebrela]], [[Siaieti]]
| {{flag|Shaelia}}
| {{emdash}}
|-
| Manâṭ International Flythrough
| Èznoẓniditöx Milloronnâm Manâṭu vöi
| VMN
| [[Manâṭ]], B.Ť.
| {{flag|Vadosia}}
| [[Modillei]]
|-
| New Sövindyz International Flythrough
| Èznoẓniditöx Milloronnâm Osek Sövindyzu vöi
| VOA
| [[New Sövindyz]], Ṣülyn
| {{flag|Vadosia}}
| {{emdash}}
|-
| Ssonessuat International Airport
| Ssonessuat Ssonerussetemaruhu
| YAS
| [[Ssonessuat]]
| {{flag|Yoan Aruhu}}
| [[Yoan Roehe]]
|-
| Ssiyahi International Airport
| Ssiyahi Ssonerussetemaruhu
| YAY
| [[Ssiyahi]]
| {{flag|Yoan Aruhu}}
| {{emdash}}
|-
| Ayraceru Pe International Airport
| Ayraceru Pe Ssonerussetemaruhu
| YAA
| [[Ayraceru Pe]]
| {{flag|Yoan Aruhu}}
| {{emdash}}
|-
| Ythnandosia International Flygate
| Yďnandovie Miťofönniy Lorondöte
| YDN
| [[Iru]], Ẓèty Zindo
| {{flag|Ythnandosia}}
| {{emdash}}
|-
| Nivusann International Flygate
| Nivusanne Miťofönniy Lorondöte
| YNV
| [[Nivusann]], Ieďy Zindo
| {{flag|Ythnandosia}}
| [[Ẓèzejei Zitemum]]
|-
| Arvizèm International Flygate
| Arvizèmu Miťofönniy Lorondöte
| YAR
| [[Arvizèm]], Neďomm
| {{flag|Ythnandosia}}
| {{emdash}}
|-
| Kaipaṣe International Flygate
| Kaipaṣei Miťofönniy Lorondöte
| YKP
| [[Kaipaṣe]], Fyisond
| {{flag|Ythnandosia}}
| {{emdash}}
|-
| King Daniel III International Aeroport
| Yäřl Dänÿl III Čotanäcunudyä Eyäsör
| YAX
| [[Valeneni]]
| {{flag|Yaxarhayut}}
| [[Yaxarhayut Aerolines]]
|}

[[Category:Laefevia]]

User:Ashucky/Sketches/Real-life places

2015-10-14T20:58:18Z

Ashucky: Created page with "Please add real-life places you wish to use in your countries. Provide the name of the real-life place, possibly link it to a Wikipedia article, state the name of the correspo..."

Please add real-life places you wish to use in your countries. Provide the name of the real-life place, possibly link it to a Wikipedia article, state the name of the corresponding place in your country and provide the link to its page, and add your country. This is mainly to prevent duplicates (the same place being claimed by for two or more different places). Please note that this is "first come, first served". If you notice someone has already claimed a place you really want, discuss it with the first claimer.

==Settlements==
Cities, towns, villages, etc.

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Real-life place !! Sahar place !! Country !! Notes
|-
| [[Wikipedia:Hammerfest|Hammerfest]] || [[Onpihasga]] || Achiyitqana}} ||
|-
| [[Wikipedia:Iqaluit|Iqaluit]] || [[Háawuleissqits]] || Achiyitqana}} ||
|-
| [[Wikipedia:Tromso|Tromso]] || [[Tigáatgiaqits]] || Achiyitqana}} ||
|-
| [[Wikipedia:Uummannaq|Uummannaq]] || [[Kiinápsk]] || Achiyitqana}} ||
|-
| [[Wikipedia:Karachi|Karachi]] || [[Stalo]] || Azerin}} || Image likeness only
|-
| [http://www.amusingplanet.com/2012/08/the-impenetrable-wetland-of-sudd-in.html Sudd Villages] || [[Gimmech]] || Caesillania}} || shareable
|-
| [[Wikipedia:Florence|Florence]] || [[Ikolinis]] || Fals Empire}} ||
|-
| [[Wikipedia:Ancona|Ancona]] || [[Andion]] || Fals Empire}} ||
|-
| [[Wikipedia:Zadar|Zadar]] || [[Tekla]] || Fals Empire}} ||
|-
| [[Wikipedia:Bologna|Bologna]] || [[Heedion]] || Fals Empire}} ||
|-
| [[Wikipedia:Šibenik|Šibenik]] || [[Hoodus]] || Fals Empire}} ||
|-
| [[Wikipedia:Perpignan|Perpignan]] || [[Bastaren]] || Fals Empire}} ||
|-
| [[Wikipedia:Udaipur|Udaipur]] || [[Fávekká]] || Fals Empire}} ||
|-
| [[Wikipedia:Verona|Verona]] || [[Site]] || Fals Empire}} ||
|-
| [[Wikipedia:Mantua|Mantua]] || [[Fordáy]] || Fals Empire}} ||
|-
| [[Wikipedia:Dubai|Dubai]] || [[Solténna]] || |Laefevia}} || modern downtown
|-
| [[Wikipedia:Vienna|Vienna]] || [[Solténna]] || Laefevia}} || historic centre
|-
| [[Wikipedia:Venice|Venice]] || [[Neáia]] || Laefevia}} ||
|-
| [[Wikipedia:Frankfurt|Frankfurt]] || [[Vyðéa]] || Laefevia}} ||
|-
| [[Wikipedia:Grenoble|Grenoble]] || [[Okállea]] || Laefevia}} ||
|-
| [[Wikipedia:Trieste|Trieste]] || [[Stênhēm]] || Laefevia}} ||
|-
| [[Wikipedia:Oxford|Oxford]] || [[Fàricail]] || Lesidea}} ||
|-
| [[Wikipedia:Douglas,_Isle_Of_Man|Douglas, Isle of Man]] || [[Liera]] ||Lesidea}} ||
|-
| [[Wikipedia:Reading,_Berkshire|Reading]] || [[Rhaivonagh]] || Lesidea}} ||
|-
| [[Wikipedia:Phnom_Penh|Phnom Penh]] || [[Komu]] || Rosland}} || Image likeness only
|-
| [[Wikipedia:Honolulu|Honolulu]] || [[Ndoone 'Age]] || Mbamigi}} ||
|-
| [[Wikipedia:Fiji|Fiji]] || [[Mbamigi]] || Mbamigi}} ||
|-
| [[Wikipedia:Hawaii|Hawaii]] || [[Mbamigi]] || Mbamigi}} ||
|-
| [[Wikipedia:Silicon Valley|Silicon Valley]] || [[Goguzembembel]] area|| Mbamigi}} ||
|-
| [[Wikipedia:Sydney|Sydney]] || [[Wahūa Sao]] || Ngutan}} ||
|-
| [[Wikipedia:Melbourne|Melbourne]] || [[Nithash]] || Nithalosia}} ||
|-
| [[Wikipedia:Shanghai|Shanghai]] || [[Cuáma]] || Riyana}} ||
|-
| [[Wikipedia:Tokyo|Tokyo]] || ''unnamed (capital city)'' || Sucaelia}} ||
|-
| [[Wikipedia:Luanda|Luanda]] || [[Köre]] || Helsonia}}n Union ||
|-
| [[Wikipedia:Bangkok|Bangkok]] || [[Manâṭ]] || Vadosia}} ||
|-
| [[Wikipedia:Mumbai|Mumbai]] || [[Panemi]] || Veridia}} || But not the slums
|-
| [[Wikipedia:Atlantic_City,_New_Jersey|Atlantic City]] || [[Reuli]] || Yerlan}} || Image likeness only
|-
| || [[Nivusann]] || Ythnandosia}} ||
|-
| [[Wikipedia:San_Diego|San Diego]] || [[Kaipaṣe]] || Ythnandosia}} ||
|-
| [[Wikipedia:Hong Kong|Hong Kong]] || [[Ngiêu Thẩp]] || TDC}} ||
|-
| [[Wikipedia:Suzhou|Suzhou]] || [[Ce Teimal]] || Great Kaisen Empire}} ||
|-
| [[Wikipedia:Abu Dhabi|Abu Dhabi]] || [[KeHarl]] || Dhwer}} ||

|}

==Geographic features==
Mountains, volcanoes, valleys, rivers, islands, etc.

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Real-life place !! Sahar place !! Country !! Notes
|-
| [[wikipedia:Living_Root_Bridges|Meghalaya Root Bridges]]
| [[Horn Siorsu]]
| [[Caesillania]]
| shareable
|}

==Monuments==
Stand-alone monuments, ruins, etc.

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Real-life place !! Sahar place !! Country !! Notes
|-
|}

==Fictional places==
Places from films, series, sci-fi/fantasy images of places, etc. Please provide a link to an image of the place you want to claim.

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Fictional place !! Sahar place !! Country !! Notes
|-
| [https://cwsplanet.orain.org/wiki/File:Swamp_city.jpg Project Offset Swamp City] || [[Horn Siorsu]] || [[Caesillania]] ||
|-
| [https://cwsplanet.orain.org/wiki/File:Cromhnea.jpg Swamp town concept] || [[Cronia]] || [[Caesillania]] ||
|-
|}

[[Category:Laefevia]]

User:Ashucky/Sketches/Real-life people

2015-10-14T20:55:13Z

Ashucky:

Please add real-life people you wish to use in your countries. Provide the name of the real-life person, possibly link it to a Wikipedia article (or other equivalent), state the name of the corresponding person in your country and provide the link to its page, and add your country. If possible, provide the role of this person in your country (eg. empress, singer, prime minister, etc.). Keep the role as short as possible and use the "notes" column to further elaborate if needed. This is mainly to prevent duplicates (the same person being claimed multiple times). Please note that this is "first come, first served". If you notice someone has already claimed a person you really want, discuss it with the first claimer.

==Women==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Real-life person !! Sahar person !! Country !! Role !! Notes
|-
|[[Wikipedia:Eva Aariak|Eva Aariak]]||[[Seyanilé'on Nau'Aciyitqána]]|||Achiyitqana||modamih||(president)
|-
|[[Wikipedia:Susan Aglukark|Susan Agluukkaq]]||[[Tikuwɥaipé KaŊiwckoonu'on]]||Achiyitqana||modah||[[Tsaabkulbaa]]
|-
|[[Wikipedia:Buffy Sainte-Marie|Buffy Sainte-Marie]]||[[Tóog'inhida'on 'taKiinápsk]]||Achiyitqana}}||modah||[[Geyehsun]]
|-
| [[Wikipedia:Melodie Monrose|Melodie Monrose]] || [[Liríena Teaig]] || Caesillania}} || high priestess ||
|-
| [[Wikipedia:Cate Blanchett|Cate Blanchett]] || [[Aurôlind Êriasont]] || Laefevia}} || empress || [[List of Laefevian monarchs|current empress]]
|-
| [[Wikipedia:Linda Hunt|Linda Hunt]] || [[Hwemni Lhathor]] || Laefevia}} || arch-chancellor || the current IMC arch-chancellor
|-
| [[Wikipedia:Maggie Smith|Maggie Smith]] || [[Éamlind Lóinend]] || Laefevia}} || empress || [[List of Laefevian monarchs|former empress]]
|-
| [[Wikipedia:Meryl Streep|Meryl Streep]] || [[Wanáoin Ešírinirnē]] || Laefevia}} || chancellor || one of the Grand Chancellors
|-
| [[Wikipedia:Michelle Dockery|Michelle Dockery]] || [[Vallínd Iskârinirnē]] || Laefevia}} || chancellor || one of the Wise Chancellors
|-
|[[Wikipedia:Oprah Winfrey|Oprah Winfrey]]||[[Dambieze Nembu]]||Mbamigi}}|| president || [[President of the Republic of the Mbamigi Islands|former president]]
|-
|[[Wikipedia:Shirley Chisholm|Shirley Chisholm]]||[[Iilue Meleundiu]]||Mbamigi}}|| president|| [[President of the Republic of the Mbamigi Islands|former president]]
|-
|[[Wikipedia:Ursula Burns|Ursula Burns]]||[[Lei Mbezia]]||Mbamigi}}|| president|| [[President of the Republic of the Mbamigi Islands|former president]]
|-
|[[Wikipedia:Zora Neale Hurston|Zora Neale Hurston]]||[[Geilu 'Abagandi]]||Mbamigi}}|| president|| [[President of the Republic of the Mbamigi Islands|former president]]
|-
|[[Wikipedia:Barbara Jordan|Barbara Jordan]]||[[Aundi Nngel]]||Mbamigi}}|| president|| [[President of the Republic of the Mbamigi Islands|former president]]
|-
|[http://www.andragillespie.com/ Andra Gillespie]||[[Ziba Nde'e]]||Mbamigi}}|| president|| [[President of the Republic of the Mbamigi Islands|former president]]
|-
|[[Wikipedia:Karen Bass|Karen Bass]]||[[Zuumbae Nngelebezendu]]||Mbamigi}}|| president|| [[President of the Republic of the Mbamigi Islands|former president]]
|-
|[[Wikipedia:Barbara Jordan|Barbara Jordan]]||[[Aundi Nngel]]||Mbamigi}}|| president|| [[President of the Republic of the Mbamigi Islands|former president]]
|-
|[[Wikipedia:Lucy Liu|Lucy Liu]] || TBA || Ohkoria}} || Minister || Minister of finance
|-
| [[Wikipedia:Evanna_Lynch|Evanna Lynch]] || TBA || Riyana}} || Queen || Reigning from 19th August 2011 - present
|-
| [[Wikipedia:Freema_Agyeman|Freema Agyeman]] || TBA || Riyana}} || President || In office from June 30th 2015 - present
|-
| [[Wikipedia:Joey_Yung|Joey Yung]] || TBA || Sucaelia}} || Queen || Reigning from 12th June 2002 - present
|-
|[[Wikipedia:Sue Myrick|Sue Myrick]]||[[Kalo Seŝër]]||Yerlan}}||Chief Minister||[[List of Chief Ministers of the Joint Republic of Yerlan|Former CM of Yerlan]]

|}

==Men==

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Real-life person !! Sahar person !! Country !! Role !! Notes
|-
|[[Wikipedia:Peter Ittinuar|Peter Ittinuar]]||[[Áhet He'Tasulsliá]]||Achiyitqana}}||modah||[[Gáankulbaa]]
|-
|[[Wikipedia:Edward James Olmos|Edward James Olmos]]||[[Haym-Kalb II]]||Dhwer}}||King||[[King of Dhwer|King of Dhwer]]
|-
|[[Wikipedia:John McCain|John McCain]]||[[Hari Tuar]]||Helsonia}}||Secretary-General||
|-
|[[Wikipedia:Daniel Craig|Daniel Craig]]||TBA||Helsonia}}||Chancellor||Chancellor of the Supreme Command
|-
|[[Wikipedia:Lon Chaney|Lon Chaney]]||Hari Tjelo||Helsonia}}||President||Terminian Revolutionary
|-
|[[Wikipedia:Gheorghe Gheorghiu-Dej|Gheorghe Gheorghiu-Dej]]||[[Kale Tjelo]]||Helsonia}}||Secretary-General||1st Secretary-General and last president
|-
|[[Wikipedia:Enver Hoxha|Enver Hoxha]]||[[Linus Merṡsis]]||Helsonia}}||Premier||1st Premier
|-
|[[Wikipedia:Christian Rakovsky|Christian Rakovsky]]||[[Fjodir Ümijski]]||Helsonia}}||Premier||2nd Premier
|-
|[[Wikipedia:Giovanni Leone|Giovanni Leone]]||[[Gejorg Vikten]]||Helsonia}}||Secretary-General||2nd Secretary-General
|-
|[[Wikipedia:Urho Kekkonen|Urho Kekkonen]]||[[Erik det Gjernen]]||Helsonia}}||Premier||3rd Premier
|-
|[[Wikipedia:Harold Wilson|Harold Wilson]]||[[Atolb Haṡi]]||Helsonia}}||Premier||4th Premier
|-

| [[Wikipedia:Bill Nye|Bill Nye]] || [[Réðálf Mérvígsun]] || Laefevia}} || chancellor || one of the Wise Chancellors
|-
| [[Wikipedia:Takeshi Kaneshiro|Takeshi Kaneshiro]] || [[Hjakkusi Eredinin]] || Laefevia}} || chancellor || one of the Grand Chancellors
|-
|[[Wikipedia:Bill Cosby|Bill Cosby]]||[[Iozu 'Umeende]]||Mbamigi}}|| president || [[President of the Republic of the Mbamigi Islands|former president]]
|-
|[[Wikipedia:Richard H. Austin|Richard H. Austin]]||[[Zebagi Eban]]||Mbamigi}}|| president || [[President of the Republic of the Mbamigi Islands|former president]]
|-
|[http://illkeepyouposted.typepad.com/ill_keep_you_posted/2012/02/harold-jackman-the-most-handsome-man-in-harlem.html Harold Jackman]||[[Mbegiile Doobe]]||Mbamigi}}|| president || [[President of the Republic of the Mbamigi Islands|former president]]
|-
|[[Wikipedia:Roland Hayes|Roland Hayes]]||[[Lo'azi Zenngeng]]||Mbamigi}}|| president || [[President of the Republic of the Mbamigi Islands|former president]]
|-
|[[Wikipedia:Walter E. Williams|Walter E. Williams]]||[[U'u Ielago]]|Mbamigi}}|| president || [[President of the Republic of the Mbamigi Islands|former president]]
|-
|[[Wikipedia:Adrian Fenty|Adrian Fenty]]||[[Iozu Ngelembe]]||Mbamigi}}|| president || [[President of the Republic of the Mbamigi Islands|current president]]
|-
|[[Wikipedia:Neil deGrasse Tyson|Neil deGrasse Tyson]]||[[Zi'el Dengazi]]||Mbamigi}}|| Businessman || CEO of [[Zage Technology]], a tech company
|-
|[[Wikipedia:Tsutomu Yamaguchi|Tsutomu Yamaguchi]] || [[Kijato Hokimary]] || Ohkoria}} || Emperor || 10th January 1987 - present
|-
|[[Wikipedia:Simon_Cowell|Simon Cowell]] || TBA || Riyana}} || President† || In office from 25th February 1998 - 19th June 2015
|-
|[[Wikipedia:Mike Simpson|Mike Simpson]]||[[Xerŝinn A'Reuli]]||Yerlan}}||Chief Minister||[[List of Chief Ministers of the Joint Republic of Yerlan|Current CM of Yerlan]]
|-
|[[Wikipedia:Frank Pallone|Frank Pallone]]||[[Parca Mamli]]||Yerlan}}||Chief Minister||[[List of Chief Ministers of the Joint Republic of Yerlan|Former CM of Yerlan]]
|-
| Lizard || Any Fals || Fals Empire}} || Lizarbs|| Any Fals ever

|}

[[Category:Laefevia]]

User:Ashucky/Sketches/Real-life people

2015-10-14T20:51:24Z

Ashucky: Created page with "Please add real-life people you wish to use in your countries. Provide the name of the real-life person, possibly link it to a Wikipedia article (or other equivalent), state t..."

Please add real-life people you wish to use in your countries. Provide the name of the real-life person, possibly link it to a Wikipedia article (or other equivalent), state the name of the corresponding person in your country and provide the link to its page, and add your country. If possible, provide the role of this person in your country (eg. empress, singer, prime minister, etc.). Keep the role as short as possible and use the "notes" column to further elaborate if needed. This is mainly to prevent duplicates (the same person being claimed multiple times). Please note that this is "first come, first served". If you notice someone has already claimed a person you really want, discuss it with the first claimer.

==Women==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Real-life person !! Sahar person !! Country !! Role !! Notes
|-
|[[Wikipedia:Eva Aariak|Eva Aariak]]||[[Seyanilé'on Nau'Aciyitqána]]||{{Flag|Achiyitqana}}||modamih||(president)
|-
|[[Wikipedia:Susan Aglukark|Susan Agluukkaq]]||[[Tikuwɥaipé KaŊiwckoonu'on]]||{{Flag|Achiyitqana}}||modah||[[Tsaabkulbaa]]
|-
|[[Wikipedia:Buffy Sainte-Marie|Buffy Sainte-Marie]]||[[Tóog'inhida'on 'taKiinápsk]]||{{Flag|Achiyitqana}}||modah||[[Geyehsun]]
|-
| [[Wikipedia:Melodie Monrose|Melodie Monrose]] || [[Liríena Teaig]] || {{flag|Caesillania}} || high priestess ||
|-
| [[Wikipedia:Cate Blanchett|Cate Blanchett]] || [[Aurôlind Êriasont]] || {{flag|Laefevia}} || empress || [[List of Laefevian monarchs|current empress]]
|-
| [[Wikipedia:Linda Hunt|Linda Hunt]] || [[Hwemni Lhathor]] || {{flag|Laefevia}} || arch-chancellor || the current IMC arch-chancellor
|-
| [[Wikipedia:Maggie Smith|Maggie Smith]] || [[Éamlind Lóinend]] || {{flag|Laefevia}} || empress || [[List of Laefevian monarchs|former empress]]
|-
| [[Wikipedia:Meryl Streep|Meryl Streep]] || [[Wanáoin Ešírinirnē]] || {{flag|Laefevia}} || chancellor || one of the Grand Chancellors
|-
| [[Wikipedia:Michelle Dockery|Michelle Dockery]] || [[Vallínd Iskârinirnē]] || {{flag|Laefevia}} || chancellor || one of the Wise Chancellors
|-
|[[Wikipedia:Oprah Winfrey|Oprah Winfrey]]||[[Dambieze Nembu]]||{{flag|Mbamigi}}|| president || [[President of the Republic of the Mbamigi Islands|former president]]
|-
|[[Wikipedia:Shirley Chisholm|Shirley Chisholm]]||[[Iilue Meleundiu]]||{{flag|Mbamigi}}|| president|| [[President of the Republic of the Mbamigi Islands|former president]]
|-
|[[Wikipedia:Ursula Burns|Ursula Burns]]||[[Lei Mbezia]]||{{flag|Mbamigi}}|| president|| [[President of the Republic of the Mbamigi Islands|former president]]
|-
|[[Wikipedia:Zora Neale Hurston|Zora Neale Hurston]]||[[Geilu 'Abagandi]]||{{flag|Mbamigi}}|| president|| [[President of the Republic of the Mbamigi Islands|former president]]
|-
|[[Wikipedia:Barbara Jordan|Barbara Jordan]]||[[Aundi Nngel]]||{{flag|Mbamigi}}|| president|| [[President of the Republic of the Mbamigi Islands|former president]]
|-
|[http://www.andragillespie.com/ Andra Gillespie]||[[Ziba Nde'e]]||{{flag|Mbamigi}}|| president|| [[President of the Republic of the Mbamigi Islands|former president]]
|-
|[[Wikipedia:Karen Bass|Karen Bass]]||[[Zuumbae Nngelebezendu]]||{{flag|Mbamigi}}|| president|| [[President of the Republic of the Mbamigi Islands|former president]]
|-
|[[Wikipedia:Barbara Jordan|Barbara Jordan]]||[[Aundi Nngel]]||{{flag|Mbamigi}}|| president|| [[President of the Republic of the Mbamigi Islands|former president]]
|-
|[[Wikipedia:Lucy Liu|Lucy Liu]] || TBA || {{flag|Ohkoria}} || Minister || Minister of finance
|-
| [[Wikipedia:Evanna_Lynch|Evanna Lynch]] || TBA || {{flag|Riyana}} || Queen || Reigning from 19th August 2011 - present
|-
| [[Wikipedia:Freema_Agyeman|Freema Agyeman]] || TBA || {{flag|Riyana}} || President || In office from June 30th 2015 - present
|-
| [[Wikipedia:Joey_Yung|Joey Yung]] || TBA || {{flag|Sucaelia}} || Queen || Reigning from 12th June 2002 - present
|-
|[[Wikipedia:Sue Myrick|Sue Myrick]]||[[Kalo Seŝër]]||{{Flag|Yerlan}}||Chief Minister||[[List of Chief Ministers of the Joint Republic of Yerlan|Former CM of Yerlan]]

|}

==Men==

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Real-life person !! Sahar person !! Country !! Role !! Notes
|-
|[[Wikipedia:Peter Ittinuar|Peter Ittinuar]]||[[Áhet He'Tasulsliá]]||{{Flag|Achiyitqana}}||modah||[[Gáankulbaa]]
|-
|[[Wikipedia:Edward James Olmos|Edward James Olmos]]||[[Haym-Kalb II]]||{{Flag|Dhwer}}||King||[[King of Dhwer|King of Dhwer]]
|-
|[[Wikipedia:John McCain|John McCain]]||[[Hari Tuar]]||{{Flag|Helsonia}}||Secretary-General||
|-
|[[Wikipedia:Daniel Craig|Daniel Craig]]||TBA||{{Flag|Helsonia}}||Chancellor||Chancellor of the Supreme Command
|-
|[[Wikipedia:Lon Chaney|Lon Chaney]]||Hari Tjelo||{{Flag|Helsonia}}||President||Terminian Revolutionary
|-
|[[Wikipedia:Gheorghe Gheorghiu-Dej|Gheorghe Gheorghiu-Dej]]||[[Kale Tjelo]]||{{Flag|Helsonia}}||Secretary-General||1st Secretary-General and last president
|-
|[[Wikipedia:Enver Hoxha|Enver Hoxha]]||[[Linus Merṡsis]]||{{Flag|Helsonia}}||Premier||1st Premier
|-
|[[Wikipedia:Christian Rakovsky|Christian Rakovsky]]||[[Fjodir Ümijski]]||{{Flag|Helsonia}}||Premier||2nd Premier
|-
|[[Wikipedia:Giovanni Leone|Giovanni Leone]]||[[Gejorg Vikten]]||{{Flag|Helsonia}}||Secretary-General||2nd Secretary-General
|-
|[[Wikipedia:Urho Kekkonen|Urho Kekkonen]]||[[Erik det Gjernen]]||{{Flag|Helsonia}}||Premier||3rd Premier
|-
|[[Wikipedia:Harold Wilson|Harold Wilson]]||[[Atolb Haṡi]]||{{Flag|Helsonia}}||Premier||4th Premier
|-

| [[Wikipedia:Bill Nye|Bill Nye]] || [[Réðálf Mérvígsun]] || {{flag|Laefevia}} || chancellor || one of the Wise Chancellors
|-
| [[Wikipedia:Takeshi Kaneshiro|Takeshi Kaneshiro]] || [[Hjakkusi Eredinin]] || {{flag|Laefevia}} || chancellor || one of the Grand Chancellors
|-
|[[Wikipedia:Bill Cosby|Bill Cosby]]||[[Iozu 'Umeende]]||{{flag|Mbamigi}}|| president || [[President of the Republic of the Mbamigi Islands|former president]]
|-
|[[Wikipedia:Richard H. Austin|Richard H. Austin]]||[[Zebagi Eban]]||{{flag|Mbamigi}}|| president || [[President of the Republic of the Mbamigi Islands|former president]]
|-
|[http://illkeepyouposted.typepad.com/ill_keep_you_posted/2012/02/harold-jackman-the-most-handsome-man-in-harlem.html Harold Jackman]||[[Mbegiile Doobe]]||{{flag|Mbamigi}}|| president || [[President of the Republic of the Mbamigi Islands|former president]]
|-
|[[Wikipedia:Roland Hayes|Roland Hayes]]||[[Lo'azi Zenngeng]]||{{flag|Mbamigi}}|| president || [[President of the Republic of the Mbamigi Islands|former president]]
|-
|[[Wikipedia:Walter E. Williams|Walter E. Williams]]||[[U'u Ielago]]||{{flag|Mbamigi}}|| president || [[President of the Republic of the Mbamigi Islands|former president]]
|-
|[[Wikipedia:Adrian Fenty|Adrian Fenty]]||[[Iozu Ngelembe]]||{{flag|Mbamigi}}|| president || [[President of the Republic of the Mbamigi Islands|current president]]
|-
|[[Wikipedia:Neil deGrasse Tyson|Neil deGrasse Tyson]]||[[Zi'el Dengazi]]||{{flag|Mbamigi}}|| Businessman || CEO of [[Zage Technology]], a tech company
|-
|[[Wikipedia:Tsutomu Yamaguchi|Tsutomu Yamaguchi]] || [[Kijato Hokimary]] || {{flag|Ohkoria}} || Emperor || 10th January 1987 - present
|-
|[[Wikipedia:Simon_Cowell|Simon Cowell]] || TBA || {{flag|Riyana}} || President† || In office from 25th February 1998 - 19th June 2015
|-
|[[Wikipedia:Mike Simpson|Mike Simpson]]||[[Xerŝinn A'Reuli]]||{{flag|Yerlan}}||Chief Minister||[[List of Chief Ministers of the Joint Republic of Yerlan|Current CM of Yerlan]]
|-
|[[Wikipedia:Frank Pallone|Frank Pallone]]||[[Parca Mamli]]||{{Flag|Yerlan}}||Chief Minister||[[List of Chief Ministers of the Joint Republic of Yerlan|Former CM of Yerlan]]
|-
| Lizard || Any Fals || {{flag|Fals Empire}} || Lizarbs|| Any Fals ever

|}

[[Category:Laefevia]]

User:Ashucky/Sketches/Laefevia infobox

2015-10-13T21:41:35Z

Ashucky: Created page with "{{Infobox country |conventional_long_name = Laefevia |native_name = {{collapsible list |titlestyle=background:transparent;font-size:9pt; |title={{resize|12pt|''Laefêvitti..."

{{Infobox country
|conventional_long_name = Laefevia
|native_name =
{{collapsible list
|titlestyle=background:transparent;font-size:9pt;
|title={{resize|12pt|''Laefêvitti''}}
|{{Infobox |subbox=yes |bodystyle=font-size:10pt;
|rowclass1=mergedrow |label1=[[Laefêvëši]]: |data1=Laefêvitti
|rowclass2 =mergedrow |label2=[[Irǧeret]]: |data2=لفول (Lafewal)
|rowclass3=mergedrow |label3=[[Gathrírn]]: |data3=Felhadh
|rowclass4=mergedrow |label4=[[Gutiskar]]:|data4=Læféland
|rowclass5=mergedrow |label5=[[Saitlaa]]: |data5=레퍠선 (Lepääsön)
|rowclass6=mergedrow |label6=[[Settaka]]: |data6=Leffässön
|rowclass7=mergedrow |label7=[[Tainiren]]: |data7=りゃへっく (Rjahekku)
}}
}}
|common_name = Laefevia
|image_flag = Laef flag.png
|alt_flag = Flag of Laefevia
|image_flag2 = 
|alt_flag2 = 
|image_coat = Greater CoA of Laefevia.png
|alt_coat = Greater coat of arms of Laefevia
|symbol_type = Coat of arms
|national_motto = ''Wáittara mihhéleu!'' ''‘Dream infinity!’''
|national_anthem = ''Jômalind'' ''‘Mountains' voice’''
|royal_anthem = 
|other_symbol_type = 
|other_symbol =
|image_map = 
|alt_map = 
|map_caption = 
|image_map2 = 
|alt_map2 = 
|map_caption2 = 
|capital = [[Solténna]]
|latd= | latm= | latNS= |longd= |longm= |longEW= 
|largest_city = capital
|largest_settlement_type = largest city
|largest_settlement = 
|official_languages = [[Laefêvëši language|Laefêvëši]]
|languages_type = Regional languages
|languages = [[Irǧeret]], [[Gathrírn]], [[Gutiskar]], [[Saitlaa]], [[Settaka]], [[Tainiren]]
|languages_sub =
|languages2_type = Minority languages
|languages2 = [[Edievian]], [[Emawake]], [[Nithalos]], [[Ohkorian]], [[Xynder]]
|languages2_sub = yes
|ethnic_groups = 
|ethnic_groups_year = 
|demonym = Laefevian / Laefêvëši
|government_type = [[Wikipedia:Unitary state|Unitary]] [[Wikipedia:Parliamentary democracy|parliamentary]] [[Wikipedia:Constitutional monarchy|constitutional monarchy]]
|leader_title1 = Empress
|leader_name1 = Aurôlind Êriasont
|leader_title2 = Chancellor
|leader_name2 = Éost Ešírin

|leader_title6 = 
|leader_name6 =
|legislature = Imperial Wise Council
|upper_house =
|lower_house = 
|sovereignty_type = 
|sovereignty_note =
|established_event1 = 
|established_date1 = 
|established_event2 = 
|established_date2 = 

|established_event9 = 
|established_date9 =
|area_rank =
|area_magnitude =
|area = {{Convert|1885397|km|mi}}
|area_km2 = 1885397
|area_sq_mi = 
|area_footnote = 
|percent_water =
|area_label = Total
|area_label2 = 
|area_data2 = 
|population_estimate =
|population_estimate_rank =
|population_estimate_year =
|population_census = 126,532,854
|population_census_year = 2014
|population_density_km2 = 67
|population_density_sq_mi =
|population_density_rank =
|GDP_PPP = $10.358 trillion
|GDP_PPP_rank =
|GDP_PPP_year = 2014
|GDP_PPP_per_capita = 81,862
|GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank =
|GDP_nominal = $14.644 trillion
|GDP_nominal_rank =
|GDP_nominal_year = 2014
|GDP_nominal_per_capita = 115,731
|GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank =
|Gini = 23
|Gini_ref = 
|Gini_rank =
|Gini_year = 2013
|HDI = 0.989
|HDI_ref = 
|HDI_rank =
|HDI_year = 2013
|currency = Laefevian sênam (ß)
|currency_code = SEN
|time_zone = 
|utc_offset = 
|time_zone_DST = 
|utc_offset_DST = 
|DST_note = 
|antipodes = 
|date_format = dd.mm.yyyy
|drives_on = left
|cctld = lf
|iso3166code = 
|calling_code = +21
|image_map3 = 
|alt_map3 = 
|footnote_a = 
|footnote_b = 

|footnote_h = 
|footnotes = 
|patron_saint =
}}<noinclude>[[Category:Laefevia]]</noinclude>

Category:Laefevia

2015-10-13T21:20:20Z

Ashucky: Created page with "Category:Laefêvëši"

[[Category:Laefêvëši]]

User:Ashucky/Sketches/Laefevian monarchs

2015-10-13T21:01:20Z

Ashucky: Created page with "This is a '''list of Laefevian monarchs''', a list of all emperors and empresses that have ruled Laefevia. ==New Dynastic Period== {| class="wikitable" style="text-alig..."

This is a '''list of Laefevian monarchs''', a list of all emperors and empresses that have ruled [[Laefevia]].

==New Dynastic Period==

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
|+ Empresses and emperors of the New Dynastic Period
|-
! rowspan="2" | # !! rowspan="2" | Name !! rowspan="2" width=60 Portrait| Portrait !! colspan="3" | Reign !! rowspan="2" | Birth !! rowspan="2" | Death !! rowspan="2" | Family relation !! rowspan="2" | Notes
|-
! Start !! End !! Length
|-
| 1/? || '''[[Jávan Mišíryn]]''' ||  || 1516 (27) || 1554 (65) || 38 || 1489 || 1575 (86) || || First empress of the New Dynastic Period.
|-
| 2/? || '''[[Tîmō Húŋatva]]''' ||  || 1554 (35) || 1594 (75) || 40 || 1519 || 1607 (88) || ||
|-
| 3/? || '''[[Skáidō Ʒérend]]''' ||  || 1594 (25) || 1659 (90) || 65 || 1569 || 1660 (91) || ||
|-
| 4/? || '''[[Áisont Îkundē]]''' ||  || 1659 (23) || 1725 (89) || 66 || 1636 || 1732 (96) || ||
|-
| 5/? || '''[[Sitýst Irói]]''' ||  || 1726 (26) || 1735 (35) || 9 || 1700 || 1735 (35) || || Sudden death because of illness.
|-
| 6/? || '''[[Igérrin Neatvênt]]''' ||  || 1735 (37) || 1789 (91) || 54 || 1698 || 1798 (100) || ||
|-
| 7/? || '''[[Døtârin Maltínd]]''' ||  || 1789 (27) || 1860 (98) || 71 || 1762 || 1860 (98) || || Sudden death because of illness.
|-
| 8/? || '''[[Ihánrin Juvésti]]''' ||  || 1860 (22) || 1925 (87) || 65 || 1838 || 1930 (92) || ||
|-
| 9/? || '''[[Éamlind Lóinend]]''' || [[File:Eamlind Empress.jpg|60px]] || 1925 (24) || 1994 (93) || 69 || 1901 || 2006 (105) || ||
|-
| 10/? || '''[[Aurôlind Êriasont]]''' || [[File:Aurolind Empress.jpg|60px]] || 1994 (25) || - || (21) || 1969 || - (46) || Granddaughter of [[Éamlind Lóinend]]. ||
|-
|}

[[Category:Laefevia]]

User:Ashucky/Sketches/Laefark

2015-10-13T20:55:09Z

Ashucky: Created page with "{{Infobox airline | airline = '''Laefark''' ''Láefárk / Lǽfárk / Laefark'' | image = Laefarke logo.png | image_size =  | alt =..."

{{Infobox airline
| airline = '''Laefark''' ''Láefárk / Lǽfárk / Laefark''
| image = Laefarke logo.png
| image_size = 
| alt = 
| caption = 
| IATA = AE
| ICAO = LAE
| callsign = LAEFARK
| founded = 1917
| commenced = 1918
| ceased = 
| aoc = 
| bases = 
| hubs =
* [[Solténna Airport]]
| secondary_hubs =
*[[Čênnē Airport]]
*[[Stēnhēm Airport]]
*[[Okállea Airport]]
*[[Dukröana Airport]]
| focus_cities = 
| frequent_flyer = 
| lounge = 
| alliance = Meliku alliance
| subsidiaries = 
| fleet_size = 
| destinations = 34
| company_slogan = ''Árkanasto sórotta!'' {{small|"With clouds across the sky!"}}
| parent = 
| headquarters = [[Solténna]], [[Laefevia]]
| key_people = 
| revenue = 
| operating_income = 
| net_income = 
| profit = 
| assets = 
| equity = 
| num_employees = 
| website = 
| notes = 
}}

'''Laefark''', usually stylised as '''Læfark''', ([[Laefêväši]]: ''Láefárk'', ''Lǽfárk'', usually without the acutes, however), it is the national airline and flag carrier of [[Laefevia]]. Laefark's headquarters is in [[Solténna]], the capital of [[Laefevia]], with its hub at [[Solténna Airport]]. Founded in 1917 as a private company under the same name, the company was acquired by the Laefevian government in 1918 after bankruptcy of the founding company, and commenced operating in the same year. Laefark is {{esgal}}'s oldest airline still operating under its original name, and one of the largest airlines as well.

Laefark is one of two operators of domestic routes within Laefevia, and the main operator of international flights. Apart from Laefark, several other airlines fly internationally between Laefevia and other countries.

Laefark is, along side [[Rurec]], the founding airline of the [[Meliku alliance]].

==Hubs==
The main hub of Laefark is Solténna Airport. It is the busiest airport in Laefevia, both for domestic and international flights. There are two secondary hubs, which are mostly used as hubs for international flights: [[Čênnē Airport]] is used for westbound international flights while [[Stênhēm Airport]] is used for eastbound international flights. [[Okállea Airport]] is sometimes used as another secondary hub for southbound international flights.

As part of the [[Meliku alliance]], [[Dukrone International|Dukröana International]] Airport serves as a secondary hub, which is shared with the [[Rurec|Rurec Airlines]].

==Routes==

===Flight numbers===
Laefark's flight numbers follow a specific numbering format:

LF'''ABCD'''

''A'' is the Laefevian airport that is handling the flight. International airports have single-digit codes, domestic-only airports have two-digit codes between 10 and 99. The codes from 00 to 09 are reserved.
[[File:Laef intl airports.png|thumb|650px|right|Locations of Laefevian international airports. ]]
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+ International airports
|-
! City !! Flight number code
|-
| Solténna || 1
|-
| Stēnhēm || 2
|-
| Čênnē || 3
|-
| Okállea || 4
|-
| Gínaš || 5
|-
| Neáia || 6
|-
| Hatután || 7
|-
| Átallo|| 8
|-
| Výðea || 9
|-
|}

''BC'' is the country that the flight is connecting to. Domestic flights are marked with 00. Each country code can be used for up to 5 different destination airports. If there are more, the country will get an additional code.
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Country !! Flight number code
|-
| {{flag|Laefevia}} || 00
|-
| {{flag|Nithalosia}} || 01
|-
| {{flag|Edievia}} || 02
|-
| {{flag|Xynderland}} || 06
|-
| {{flag|Lesidea}} || 04
|-
| {{flag|Haraku}} || 05
|-
| {{flag|Riyana}} || 06
|-
| {{flag|Ohkoria}} || 07 and 97
|-
| {{flag|Bosato}} || 10
|-
| {{flag|Yerlan}} || 11
|-
| {{flag|Rugia}} || 12
|-
| {{flag|Helsonia}} || 13
|-
| {{flag|Mettat}} || 15
|-
| {{flag|Achiyitqana}} || 20
|-
| {{flag|Yoan Aruhu}} || 30
|-
| {{flag|Ythnandosia}} || 31
|-
| {{flag|Caesillania}} || 32
|-
| {{flag|Fals Empire}} || 40
|-
| {{flag|Sanmra}} || 50
|}

''D'' refers to the flight either entering or departing Laefevia. Odd-numbered flights depart Laefevia; even-numbered flights enter Laefevia.

===Domestic routes===
Laefark operates on domestic routes between the international airports. In addition, each prefectural capital has a domestic airport, which provides good coverage of the entire country. However, Laefark operates only on routes from the prefectural capitals to the provincial capitals. For example, all prefectural airports in Irrésken Province are connected to Solténna Airport.

Due to the number of airports and their different levels, there are two types of formatting. The routes between the international airports follow a formatting similar to those of international airports: the pattern is LF'''ABCD''' format, however '''A''' is the outbound airport's flight number code, and '''D''' is the inbound flight number code. The '''BC''' is the country code - 00.

The routes between the domestic-only airports (prefectural capitals) to the international airport of the corresponding province follow the pattern LF'''ABCD''', where '''A''' is the outbound international airport's flight number code, B is the shortened country code (just 0 instead of 00), and '''CD''' is the inbound domestic-only airport's number code. '''A''' and '''CD''' are reversed for return flights from the domestic airports to the international airports (becoming LF'''CDBA''').

{| class="wikitable sortable collapsible collapsed"
! colspan="4" | Domestic flights between international airports
|-
! Route Number !! Origin !! Destination !! Return flight
|-
| LF1002 || [[Solténna]] || [[Stênhēm]] || LF2001
|-
| LF1003 || [[Solténna]] || [[Čênnē]] || LF3001
|-
| LF1004 || [[Solténna]] || [[Okállea]] || LF4001
|-
| LF1005 || [[Solténna]] || [[Gínaš]] || LF5001
|-
| LF1006 || [[Solténna]] || [[Neáia]] || LF6001
|-
| LF1007 || [[Solténna]] || [[Hatután]] || LF7001
|-
| LF1008 || [[Solténna]] || [[Átallo]] || LF8001
|-
| LF1009 || [[Solténna]] || [[Vyðéa]] || LF9001
|-
| LF2003 || [[Stênhēm]] || [[Čênnē]] || LF3002
|-
| LF2004 || [[Stênhēm]] || [[Okállea]] || LF4002
|-
| LF2005 || [[Stênhēm]] || [[Gínaš]] || LF5002
|-
| LF2006 || [[Stênhēm]] || [[Neáia]] || LF6002
|-
| LF2007 || [[Stênhēm]] || [[Hatutȧn]] || LF7002
|-
| LF2008 || [[Stênhēm]] || [[Átallo]] || LF8002
|-
| LF2009 || [[Stênhēm]] || [[Vyðéa]] || LF9002
|-
| LF3004 || [[Čênnē]] || [[Okállea]] || LF4003
|-
| LF3005 || [[Čênnē]] || [[Gínaš]] || LF5003
|-
| LF3006 || [[Čênnē]] || [[Neáia]] || LF6003
|-
| LF3007 || [[Čênnē]] || [[Hatután]] || LF7003
|-
| LF3008 || [[Čênnē]] || [[Átallo]] || LF8003
|-
| LF3009 || [[Čênnē]] || [[Vyðéa]] || LF9003
|-
| LF4005 || [[Okállea]] || [[Gínaš]] || LF5004
|-
| LF4006 || [[Okállea]] || [[Neáia]] || LF6004
|-
| LF4007 || [[Okállea]] || [[Hatután]] || LF7004
|-
| LF4008 || [[Okállea]] || [[Átallo]] || LF8004
|-
| LF4009 || [[Okállea]] || [[Vyðéa]] || LF9004
|-
| LF5006 || [[Gínaš]] || [[Neáia]] || LF6005
|-
| LF5007 || [[Gínaš]] || [[Hatután]] || LF7005
|-
| LF5008 || [[Gínaš]] || [[Átallo]] || LF8005
|-
| LF5009 || [[Gínaš]] || [[Vyðéa]] || LF9005
|-
| LF6007 || [[Neáia]] || [[Hatután]] || LF7006
|-
| LF6008 || [[Neáia]] || [[Átallo]] || LF8006
|-
| LF6009 || [[Neáia]] || [[Vyðéa]] || LF9006
|-
| LF7008 || [[Hatután]] || [[Átallo]] || LF8007
|-
| LF7009 || [[Hatután]] || [[Vyðéa]] || LF9007
|-
| LF8009 || [[Átallo]] || [[Vyðéa]] || LF9008
|}

===International routes===
Laefark offers many routes to various countries on Sahar. The most frequent routes are those within the [[UŠN]], but other countries are also well connected.

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+ International destinations
|-
! Country !! Destinations !! Routes (total)
|-
! style="text-align: left;" | {{flag|Achiyitqana}}
| 3 || 4
|-
! style="text-align: left;" | {{flag|Bosato}}
| 1 || 4
|-
! style="text-align: left;" | {{flag|Caesillania}}
| 1 || 1
|-
! style="text-align: left;" | {{flag|Edievia}} {{nobold|(UŠN)}}
| 4 || 17
|-
! style="text-align: left;" | {{flag|Fals Empire}}
| 2 || 2
|-
! style="text-align: left;" | {{flag|Haraku}} {{nobold|(UŠN)}}
| 1 || 7
|-
! style="text-align: left;" | {{flag|Helsonia}}
| 1 || 2
|-
! style="text-align: left;" | {{flag|Lesidea}} {{nobold|(UŠN)}}
| 3 || 14
|-
! style="text-align: left;" | {{flag|Nithalosia}} {{nobold|(UŠN)}}
| 4 || 16
|-
! style="text-align: left;" | {{flag|Ohkoria}} {{nobold|(UŠN)}}
| 7 || 13
|-
! style="text-align: left;" | {{flag|Rugia}}
| 1 || 3
|-
! style="text-align: left;" | {{flag|Sanmra}}
| 1 || 2
|-
! style="text-align: left;" | {{flag|Xynderland}} {{nobold|(UŠN)}}
| 1 || 7
|-
! style="text-align: left;" | {{flag|Yoan Aruhu}}
| 1 || 1
|-
! style="text-align: left;" | {{flag|Ythnandosia}}
| 3 || 4
|-
! style="text-align: left;" | Total
| '''34''' || '''97'''
|-
|}

====Within Šarkunen====
[[File:Laefark routes.png|thumb|400px|A map showing routes from Laefevia to other [[Šarkunen]] countries.]]
This includes [[Ohkoria]], since it is a member of the [[UŠN]], but excludes [[Bosato]] and [[Helsonia]], even though they are both in [[Šarkunen]] (only partially in case of Helsonia).

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+ Nithalosia
! Route number !! Origin !! Destination city !! Country !! Return flight
|-
| LF1011 || [[Solténna]] || [[Niđaš]] || {{flag|Nithalosia}} || LF1012
|-
| LF1013 || [[Solténna]] || [[Govđa]] || {{flag|Nithalosia}} || LF1014
|-
| LF1015 || [[Solténna]] || [[Seret City]] || {{flag|Nithalosia}} || LF1016
|-
| LF2013 || [[Stênhēm]] || [[Govđa]] || {{flag|Nithalosia}} || LF2014
|-
| LF2015 || [[Stênhēm]] || [[Seret City]] || {{flag|Nithalosia}} || LF2016
|-
| LF2017 || [[Stênhēm]] || [[Yamvođ]] || {{flag|Nithalosia}} || LF2018
|-
| LF3011 || [[Čênnē]] || [[Niđaš]] || {{flag|Nithalosia}} || LF3012
|-
| LF3013 || [[Čênnē]] || [[Govđa]] || {{flag|Nithalosia}} || LF3014
|-
| LF4013 || [[Okállea]] || [[Govđa]] || {{flag|Nithalosia}} || LF4014
|-
| LF4015 || [[Okállea]] || [[Seret City]] || {{flag|Nithalosia}} || LF4016
|-
| LF4017 || [[Okállea]] || [[Yamvođ]] || {{flag|Nithalosia}} || LF4018
|-
| LF6017 || [[Neáia]] || [[Yamvođ]] || {{flag|Nithalosia}} || LF6018
|-
| LF7011 || [[Hatután]] || [[Niđaš]] || {{flag|Nithalosia}} || LF7012
|-
| LF8011 || [[Átallo]] || [[Niđaš]] || {{flag|Nithalosia}} || LF8012
|-
| LF8015 || [[Átallo]] || [[Seret City]] || {{flag|Nithalosia}} || LF8016
|-
| LF9017 || [[Výðea]] || [[Yamvođ]] || {{flag|Nithalosia}} || LF9018
|}

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+ Edievia
! Route number !! Origin !! Destination city !! Country !! Return flight
|-
| LF1021 || [[Solténna]] || [[Claën]] || {{flag|Edievia}} || LF1022
|-
| LF1027 || [[Solténna]] || [[Voer]] || {{flag|Edievia}} || LF1028
|-
| LF2021 || [[Stênhēm]] || [[Claën]] || {{flag|Edievia}} || LF2022
|-
| LF3021 || [[Čěnnē]] || [[Claën]] || {{flag|Edievia}} || LF3022
|-
| LF3027 || [[Čênnē]] || [[Voer]] || {{flag|Edievia}} || LF3028
|-
| LF4021 || [[Okállea]] || [[Claën]] || {{flag|Edievia}} || LF4022
|-
| LF4023 || [[Okállea]] || [[Restis]] || {{flag|Edievia}} || LF4024
|-
| LF4025 || [[Okállea]] || [[Taiedelt]] || {{flag|Edievia}} || LF4026
|-
| LF4027 || [[Okállea]] || [[Voer]] || {{flag|Edievia}} || LF4028
|-
| LF5021 || [[Gínaš]] || [[Claën]] || {{flag|Edievia}} || LF5022
|-
| LF5023 || [[Gínaš]] || [[Restis]] || {{flag|Edievia}} || LF5024
|-
| LF5027 || [[Gínaš]] || [[Voer]] || {{flag|Edievia}} || LF5028
|-
| LF6025 || [[Neáia]] || [[Taiedelt]] || {{flag|Edievia}} || LF5026
|-
| LF7021 || [[Hatután]] || [[Claën]] || {{flag|Edievia}} || LF7022
|-
| LF8025 || [[Átallo]] || [[Taiedelt]] || {{flag|Edievia}} || LF8026
|-
| LF9021 || [[Výðea]] || [[Claën]] || {{flag|Edievia}} || LF9022
|-
| LF9027 || [[Výðea]] || [[Voer]] || {{flag|Edievia}} || LF9028
|}

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+ Xynderland
! Route number !! Origin !! Destination city !! Country !! Return flight
|-
| LF1031 || [[Solténna]] || [[Dukröana]] || {{flag|Xynderland}} || LF1032
|-
| LF2031 || [[Stênhēm]] || [[Dukröana]] || {{flag|Xynderland}} || LF2032
|-
| LF3031 || [[Čênnē]] || [[Dukröana]] || {{flag|Xynderland}} || LF3032
|-
| LF4031 || [[Okállea]] || [[Dukröana]] || {{flag|Xynderland}} || LF4032
|-
| LF6031 || [[Neáia]] || [[Dukröana]] || {{flag|Xynderland}} || LF6032
|-
| LF7031 || [[Hatután]] || [[Dukröana]] || {{flag|Xynderland}} || LF7032
|-
| LF9031 || [[Výðea]] || [[Dukröana]] || {{flag|Xynderland}} || LF9032
|}

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+ Lesidea
! Route number !! Origin !! Destination city !! Country !! Return flight
|-
| LF1041 || [[Solténna]] || [[Fàricail]] || {{flag|Lesidea}} || LF1042
|-
| LF2041 || [[Stênhēm]] || [[Fàricail]] || {{flag|Lesidea}} || LF2042
|-
| LF3041 || [[Čênnē]] || [[Fàricail]] || {{flag|Lesidea}} || LF3042
|-
| LF3043 || [[Čênnē]] || [[Cosidhè]] || {{flag|Lesidea}} || LF3044
|-
| LF4041 || [[Okállea]] || [[Fàricail]] || {{flag|Lesidea}} || LF4042
|-
| LF4043 || [[Okállea]] || [[Cosidhè]] || {{flag|Lesidea}} || LF4044
|-
| LF4045 || [[Okállea]] || [[Rhaivonagh]] || {{flag|Lesidea}} || LF4046
|-
| LF5041 || [[Gínaš]] || [[Fàricail]] || {{flag|Lesidea}} || LF5042
|-
| LF5043 || [[Gínaš]] || [[Cosidhè]] || {{flag|Lesidea}} || LF5044
|-
| LF6043 || [[Neáia]] || [[Cosidhè]] || {{flag|Lesidea}} || LF6044
|-
| LF7041 || [[Hatután]] || [[Fàricail]] || {{flag|Lesidea}} || LF7042
|-
| LF8045 || [[Átallo]] || [[Rhaivonagh]] || {{flag|Lesidea}} || LF8046
|-
| LF9041 || [[Výðea]] || [[Fàricail]] || {{flag|Lesidea}} || LF9042
|-
| LF9045 || [[Výðea]] || [[Rhaivonagh]] || {{flag|Lesidea}} || LF9046
|}

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+ Haraku
! Route number !! Origin !! Destination city !! Country !! Return flight
|-
| LF1051 || [[Solténna]] || [[Artsaua]] || {{flag|Haraku}} || LF1052
|-
| LF2051 || [[Stênhēm]] || [[Artsaua]] || {{flag|Haraku}} || LF2052
|-
| LF3051 || [[Čênnē]] || [[Artsaua]] || {{flag|Haraku}} || LF3052
|-
| LF4051 || [[Okállea]] || [[Artsaua]] || {{flag|Haraku}} || LF4052
|-
| LF7051 || [[Hatután]] || [[Artsaua]] || {{flag|Haraku}} || LF7052
|-
| LF8051 || [[Átallo]] || [[Artsaua]] || {{flag|Haraku}} || LF8052
|-
| LF9051 || [[Výðea]] || [[Artsaua]] || {{flag|Haraku}} || LF9052
|}

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+ Ohkoria
! Route number !! Origin !! Destination city !! Country !! Return flight
|-
| LF1071 || [[Solténna]] || [[Nijoto]] || {{flag|Ohkoria}} || LF1072
|-
| LF1073 || [[Solténna]] || [[Keitoku]] || {{flag|Ohkoria}} || LF1074
|-
| LF2071 || [[Stênhēm]] || [[Nijoto]] || {{flag|Ohkoria}} || LF2072
|-
| LF3071 || [[Čênnē]] || [[Nijoto]] || {{flag|Ohkoria}} || LF3072
|-
| LF3073 || [[Čênnē]] || [[Keitoku]] || {{flag|Ohkoria}} || LF3074
|-
| LF3075 || [[Čênnē]] || [[Jokawa]] || {{flag|Ohkoria}} || LF3076
|-
| LF3077 || [[Čênnē]] || [[Šitawa]] || {{flag|Ohkoria}} || LF3078
|-
| LF4071 || [[Okállea]] || [[Nijoto]] || {{flag|Ohkoria}} || LF4072
|-
| LF4075 || [[Okállea]] || [[Jokawa]] || {{flag|Ohkoria}} || LF4076
|-
| LF5071 || [[Gínaš]] || [[Nijoto]] || {{flag|Ohkoria}} || LF5075
|-
| LF5079 || [[Gínaš]] || [[Kiakoto]] || {{flag|Ohkoria}} || LF5070
|-
| LF5971 || [[Gínaš]] || [[Kajiwo]] || {{flag|Ohkoria}} || LF5972
|-
| LF9973 || [[Átallo]] || [[Saitaku]] || {{flag|Ohkoria}} || LF9974
|}

====Outside Šarkunen====

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+ Achiyitqana
! Route number !! Origin !! Destination city !! Country !! Return flight
|-
| LF1201 || [[Solténna]] || [[Onpihasga]] || {{flag|Achiyitqana}} || LF1202
|-
| LF1203 || [[Solténna]] || [[Tigáatgiaqits]] || {{flag|Achiyitqana}} || LF1204
|-
| LF1207 || [[Solténna]] || [[Háawuleissqits]] || {{flag|Achiyitqana}} || LF1208
|-
| LF2203 || [[Stênhēm]] || [[Tigáatgiaqits]] || {{flag|Achiyitqana}} || LF2204
|}

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+ Bosato
! Route number !! Origin !! Destination city !! Country !! Return flight
|-
| LF1101 || [[Solténna]] || [[Bosato]] || {{flag|Bosato}} || LF1102
|-
| LF2101 || [[Stênhēm]] || [[Bosato]] || {{flag|Bosato}} || LF2102
|-
| LF3101 || [[Čênnē]] || [[Bosato]] || {{flag|Bosato}} || LF3102
|-
| LF4101 || [[Okállea]] || [[Bosato]] || {{flag|Bosato}} || LF4102
|}

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+ Caesillania
! Route number !! Origin !! Destination city !! Country !! Return flight
|-
| LF2321 || [[Stênhēm]] || [[Cronia]] || {{flag|Caesillania}} || LF2322
|}

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+ Fals Empire
! Route number !! Origin !! Destination city !! Country !! Return flight
|-
| LF4401 || [[Okállea]] || [[Ikolinis]] || {{flag|Fals Empire}} || LF4402
|-
| LF4403 || [[Okállea]] || [[Fávekká]] || {{flag|Fals Empire}} || LF4404
|}

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+ Helsonia
! Route number !! Origin !! Destination city !! Country !! Return flight
|-
| LF4131 || [[Okállea]] || [[Köre]] || {{flag|Helsonia}} || LF4132
|-
| LF2131 || [[Stênhēm]] || [[Köre]] || {{flag|Helsonia}} || LF2132
|}

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+ Rugia
! Route number !! Origin !! Destination city !! Country !! Return flight
|-
| LF1121 || [[Solténna]] || [[Sashburg]] || {{flag|Rugia}} || LF1122
|-
| LF3121 || [[Čênnē]] || [[Sashburg]] || {{flag|Rugia}} || LF3122
|-
| LF4121 || [[Okállea]] || [[Sashburg]] || {{flag|Rugia}} || LF4122
|}

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+ Sanmra
! Route number !! Origin !! Destination city !! Country !! Return flight
|-
| LF1501 || [[Solténna]] || [[Elten]] || {{flag|Sanmra}} || LF1502
|-
| LF3501 || [[Čênnē]] || [[Elten]] || {{flag|Sanmra}} || LF3502
|}

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+ Yoan Aruhu
! Route number !! Origin !! Destination city !! Country !! Return flight
|-
| LF2301 || [[Stênhēm]] || [[Ssoneressop]] || {{flag|Yoan Aruhu}} || LF2302
|}

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+ Ythnandosia
! Route number !! Origin !! Destination city !! Country !! Return flight
|-
| LF1311 || [[Solténna]] || [[Iru]] || {{flag|Ythnandosia}} || LF1312
|-
| LF1313 || [[Solténna]] || [[Nivusann]] || {{flag|Ythnandosia}} || LF1314
|-
| LF2311 || [[Stênhēm]] || [[Iru]] || {{flag|Ythnandosia}} || LF2312
|-
| LF2315 || [[Stênhēm]] || [[Arvizèm]] || {{flag|Ythnandosia}} || LF2316
|}

[[Category:Laefevia]][[Category:Airlines]]

User:Ashucky/Sketches/Haraku

2015-10-13T20:52:46Z

Ashucky: Created page with "{{Infobox country |conventional_long_name = Kingdom of Haraku |native_name = ''Harākūtnit hansātar'' |common_name = <!--Common name in English (used for wikil..."

{{Infobox country
|conventional_long_name = Kingdom of Haraku
|native_name = ''Harākūtnit hansātar''
|common_name = 
|image_flag = Harakti flag.png
|alt_flag = 
|image_flag2 = 
|alt_flag2 = 
|image_coat = 
|alt_coat = 
|symbol_type = 
|national_motto = 
|national_anthem = 
|royal_anthem = 
|other_symbol_type = 
|other_symbol =
|image_map = 
|alt_map = 
|map_caption = 
|image_map2 = 
|alt_map2 = 
|map_caption2 = 
|capital = Artsaua
|largest_city = capital
|largest_settlement_type = largest city
|largest_settlement = 
|official_languages = [[Harākti|Harakti]]
|national_languages = 
|regional_languages = 
|languages_type = 
|languages = 
|languages_sub = 
|languages2_type = 
|languages2 = 
|languages2_sub = 
|ethnic_groups = 
|ethnic_groups_year = 
|demonym = 
|government_type = [[Wikipedia:Unitary state|Unitary]] [[Wikipedia:Parliamentary democracy|parliamentary]] [[Wikipedia:Constitutional monarchy|constitutional]] [[Wikipedia:Diarchy|diarchy]]
|leader_title1 = King
|leader_name1 = Huntsīa
|leader_title2 = King
|leader_name2 = Auāntalīa

|leader_title6 = 
|leader_name6 =
|legislature = 
|upper_house = 
|lower_house = 
|sovereignty_type = 
|sovereignty_note =
|established_event1 = 
|established_date1 = 
|established_event2 = 
|established_date2 = 

|established_event9 = 
|established_date9 =
|area_rank =
|area_magnitude =
|area = {{Convert|238594|km|mi}}
|area_km2 = 238594
|area_sq_mi = 
|area_footnote = 
|percent_water =
|area_label = Total
|area_label2 = 
|area_data2 = 
|population_estimate =
|population_estimate_rank =
|population_estimate_year =
|population_census = 36,027,694
|population_census_year = 2014
|population_density_km2 = 151
|population_density_sq_mi =
|population_density_rank =
|GDP_PPP = 
|GDP_PPP_rank =
|GDP_PPP_year =
|GDP_PPP_per_capita =
|GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank =
|GDP_nominal =
|GDP_nominal_rank =
|GDP_nominal_year =
|GDP_nominal_per_capita =
|GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank =
|Gini = 
|Gini_ref = 
|Gini_rank =
|Gini_year =
|HDI = 
|HDI_ref = 
|HDI_rank =
|HDI_year =
|currency = 
|currency_code = 
|time_zone = 
|utc_offset = 
|time_zone_DST = 
|utc_offset_DST = 
|DST_note = 
|antipodes = 
|date_format = dd.mm.yyyy
|drives_on = left
|cctld = .ha
|iso3166code = 
|calling_code = +295
|image_map3 = 
|alt_map3 = 
|footnote_a = 
|footnote_b = 

|footnote_h = 
|footnotes = 
|patron_saint =
}}

'''Haraku''' (IPA: //, [[Harākti|Harakti]]: ''Harākūtne'', IPA: //), officially the '''Kingdom of Haraku''' (Harakti: ''Harākūtnit hansātar''), is a country located at the south end of the [[Šarkunen]] peninsula, part of the continent of (?). It is one of only two diarchies on {{esgal}}, the other being its northern neighbour [[Lesidea]]. However, unlike the latter, Haraku is ruled by two kings. The country is also part of the [[Union of Šarkunen Nations]]. Other neighbouring countries are [[Nithalosia]] to the north-west, [[Helsonia]] to the west, and [[Bosato]] to the south.

==Etymology==

==History==

==Geography==

===Geology===

===Climate===

===Biodiversity===

==Politics==

===Government===

===Administrative divisions===

===Foreign relations===

===Military===

==Economy==

===Transport===

===Energy===

===Science and technology===

===Tourism===

==Demographics==

===Ethnic groups===

===Urbanisation===

===Language===

===Education===

===Healthcare===

===Religion===

==Culture==

===Heritage===

===Architecture===

===Literature===

===Art===

===Music===

===Theatre===

===Film===

===Cuisine===

===Sport===

===Symbols===

==See also==

[[Category:Countries]][[Category:Laefevia]]

User:Ashucky/Sketches/Languages in Laefevia

2015-10-13T20:48:24Z

Ashucky: Created page with "A map showing the languages spoken by more than half of the population in Laefevian prefectures. The official language of Laefe..."

[[File:Laef languages.png|thumb|601px|right|A map showing the languages spoken by more than half of the population in Laefevian prefectures.]]
The official language of [[Laefevia]] is '''[[Laefêvëši]]''' (or Laefevian). It is also the most widely spoken language in the country. The language is natively spoken in three provinces (Irrésken, Ajlísken, and Unnésken), and is the predominant language in Gaþínnel as well. There are six other native languages of Laefevia, which are also recognised as regional languages in the other six provinces.

==Overview==

{| class="wikitable"
|+ Languages of Laefevia
|-
! Province !! Regional language
|-
| '''Ajlísken'''
| Laefêvëši
|-
| '''Gaþínnel'''
| Gathrírn
|-
| '''Gútissel'''
| Gutiskar
|-
| '''Irrésken '''
| Laefêvëši
|-
| '''Ixéssem'''
| Irǧeret (ئرغرت)
|-
| '''Sáelkem'''
| Saitlaa (사잍쨔)
|-
| '''Séttokem'''
| Settaka
|-
| '''Taérinel'''
| Tainiren (たいりねん)
|}

Apart from the regional languages, there are other minority languages spoken in the country, usually close to the borders with other countries. The biggest recognised minority language is [[Ohkorian]], which is spoken by more than half of the population in the prefecture of Hittowa (ひっととう, ''Hittotou''), province of Taérinel (たいにれんだ, ''Tainirenda''). Ohkorian is also spoken in the other three Taérinel prefectures but to a lesser extend, as well as in both Séttokem prefectures. Another minority language is [[Emawake]] (어마와커), which is spoken in the province of Sáelkem (사잍짜헐, ''Saitlahör'') along the border with [[Riyana]]. Emawake and the regional language of Sáelekm, Saitlaa, also share the same script.

In southern Laefevia, in the province of Gaþínnel (''Gathrínel''), two minority languages are spoken: [[Edievian]] and [[Nithalos]]. However, only Nithalos is recognised as a minority language. The number of speakers of Edievian is too low to be granted official recognition.

In eastern Laefevia, there are two recognised minority languages - [[Xynder]], in the westernmost prefecture of Gútissel province, and [[Yenä]] in eastern Gútissel along the border with [[Yerlan]].

==Language status==

===Official language===

===Regional languages===

===Minority languages===

==Languages in prefectures==
The table below shows the number of native speakers (in %) of a particular language per prefecture.

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+ Prefectures and languages
|-
! rowspan="2" | Prefecture !! colspan="10" | Language
|-
! Laefêvëši !! Gathrírn !! Gutiskar !! Irǧeret !! Saitlaa !! Settaka !! Tainiren !! Ohkoro !! Nothalos !! Other
|-
! Výðeawa {{nobold|(JL)}}
| || || || || || || || || ||
|-
! Hkóndawa {{nobold|(JL)}}
| || || || || || || || || ||
|-
! Oegáewa {{nobold|(JL)}}
| || || || || || || || || ||
|-
! Mâkvēwa {{nobold|(JL)}}
| || || || || || || || || ||
|-
! Ijîeawa {{nobold|(JL)}}
| || || || || || || || || ||
|-
! Liddúawa {{nobold|(JL)}}
| || || || || || || || || ||
|-
! Okálleawa {{nobold|(GN)}}
| || || || || || || || || ||
|-
! Léðideawa {{nobold|(GN)}}
| || || || || || || || || ||
|-
! Mêþþiawa {{nobold|(GN)}}
| || || || || || || || || ||
|-
! Duŋáwa {{nobold|(GN)}}
| || || || || || || || || ||
|-
! Ubréndawa {{nobold|(GN)}}
| || || || || || || || || ||
|-
! Tôrrymawa {{nobold|(GN)}}
| || || || || || || || || ||
|-
! Stênhēnwa {{nobold|(GT)}}
| || || || || || || || || ||
|-
! Vínhanwa {{nobold|(GT)}}
| || || || || || || || || ||
|-
! Bérhēnwa {{nobold|(GT)}}
| || || || || || || || || ||
|-
! Hrójbyrwa {{nobold|(GT)}}
| || || || || || || || || ||
|-
! Solténnawa {{nobold|(RR)}}
| || || || || || || || || ||
|-
! Tawêrmēwa {{nobold|(RR)}}
| || || || || || || || || ||
|-
! Hájleawa {{nobold|(RR)}}
| || || || || || || || || ||
|-
! Nóminjel {{nobold|(RR)}}
| || || || || || || || || ||
|-
! Walláwa {{nobold|(RR)}}
| || || || || || || || || ||
|-
! Asádrawa {{nobold|(RR)}}
| || || || || || || || || ||
|-
! Vešírveawa {{nobold|(RR)}}
| || || || || || || || || ||
|-
! Þýttewa {{nobold|(RR)}}
| || || || || || || || || ||
|-
! Símpeawa {{nobold|(RR)}}
| || || || || || || || || ||
|-
! Voséntawa {{nobold|(RR)}}
| || || || || || || || || ||
|-
! Øksǿnjelwa {{nobold|(RR)}}
| || || || || || || || || ||
|-
! Ðýndeawa {{nobold|(RR)}}
| || || || || || || || || ||
|-
! Bîrymawa {{nobold|(RR)}}
| || || || || || || || || ||
|-
! Únnavēwa {{nobold|(RR)}}
| || || || || || || || || ||
|-
! Číhtawa {{nobold|(RR)}}
| || || || || || || || || ||
|-
! Dóerrawa {{nobold|(RR)}}
| || || || || || || || || ||
|-
! Turuénteawa {{nobold|(RR)}}
| || || || || || || || || ||
|-
! Hatutánwa {{nobold|(XS)}}
| || || || || || || || || ||
|-
! Hentmétwa {{nobold|(XS)}}
| || || || || || || || || ||
|-
! Wasútwa {{nobold|(XS)}}
| || || || || || || || || ||
|-
! Tasenétwa {{nobold|(XS)}}
| || || || || || || || || ||
|-
! Ǯurtútwa {{nobold|(XS)}}
| || || || || || || || || ||
|-
! Lačéttuwa {{nobold|(XS)}}
| || || || || || || || || ||
|-
! Šoršétwa {{nobold|(XS)}}
| || || || || || || || || ||
|-
! Čênnēwa {{nobold|(SL)}}
| || || || || || || || || ||
|-
! Bôrmuwa {{nobold|(SL)}}
| || || || || || || || || ||
|-
! Čǿkkøwa {{nobold|(SL)}}
| || || || || || || || || ||
|-
! Kjársugwa {{nobold|(SL)}}
| || || || || || || || || ||
|-
! Óppadwa {{nobold|(SL)}}
| || || || || || || || || ||
|-
! Šýrøwa {{nobold|(SL)}}
| || || || || || || || || ||
|-
! Líggōwa {{nobold|(SL)}}
| || || || || || || || || ||
|-
! Jĕškiwa {{nobold|(SL)}}
| || || || || || || || || ||
|-
! Átallowa {{nobold|(ST)}}
|11 ||<1 ||<1 ||<1 ||1 ||3 ||83 ||1 ||<1 || <1
|-
! Ýrjyswa {{nobold|(ST)}}
|4 ||<1 ||<1 ||<1 ||<1 ||1 ||92 ||2 ||<1 || <1
|-
! Gínašwa {{nobold|(TR)}}
| || || || || || || || || ||
|-
! Ókienwa {{nobold|(TR)}}
| || || || || || || || || ||
|-
! Híttowa {{nobold|(TR)}}
| || || || || || || || || ||
|-
! Déskawa {{nobold|(TR)}}
| || || || || || || || || ||
|-
! Neáiawa {{nobold|(NN)}}
| || || || || || || || || ||
|-
! Ʒintárawa {{nobold|(NN)}}
| || || || || || || || || ||
|-
! Gvêltēwa {{nobold|(NN)}}
| || || || || || || || || ||
|-
! Illýheawa {{nobold|(NN)}}
| || || || || || || || || ||
|-
! Krǿndēwa {{nobold|(NN)}}
| || || || || || || || || ||
|-
! Xâstinelwa {{nobold|(NN)}}
| || || || || || || || || ||
|-
! Mižíjawa {{nobold|(NN)}}
| || || || || || || || || ||
|-
! Výljeawa {{nobold|(NN)}}
| || || || || || || || || ||
|-
! Ûkselwa {{nobold|(NN)}}
| || || || || || || || || ||
|-
! Føttáwa {{nobold|(NN)}}
| || || || || || || || || ||
|-
! Arkéawa {{nobold|(NN)}}
| || || || || || || || || ||
|-
|}

[[Category:Laefevia]][[Category:Languages]]

User:Ashucky/Sketches/Laefevian calendar

2015-10-13T20:46:00Z

Ashucky: Created page with "The '''Laefevian calendar''', natively known as '''Skaljêrili trêat''', is the calendar used in Laefevia. It is a solar calendar with 365 days in a common year and 366 d..."

The '''Laefevian calendar''', natively known as '''Skaljêrili trêat''', is the calendar used in [[Laefevia]]. It is a solar calendar with 365 days in a common year and 366 days in a leap year. The calendar is fixed on the spring equinox, or 20th March in Gregorian calendar. The calendar was created in 2359 BCE and took effect in 2357 BCE. Therefore, the current year is 4372, which is also the 1061st leap year.

==Months==
There is a total of 13 months in the calendar, 12 of which have 30 days and one has 5 days, or 6 days in a leap year. However, the days of the 13th month are spread throughout the year and inserted between the dates of other months, because they are tied to the solstices and equinoxes. Originally the days of the 13th month were supposed be adjusted for each year, but the practice has fallen out of use soon after the implementation of the calendar, and the days now have a fixed position in the calendar, even though the actual time of the solstices and equinoxes changes.

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Numeric name !! Month name !! Days !! Gregorian equivalent
|-
| 1st month
! eltént
| 30 || March
|-
| 2nd month
! sušín
| 30 || April
|-
| 3rd month
! sávent
| 30 || May
|-
| 4th month
! koíssent
| 30 || June
|-
| 5th month
! vásint
| 30 || July
|-
| 6th month
! sétint
| 30 || August
|-
| 7th month
! wanánt
| 30 || September
|-
| 8th month
! ménent
| 30 || October
|-
| 9th month
! kággint
| 30 || November
|-
| 10th month
! lênnant
| 30 || December
|-
| 11th month
! íhahant
| 30 || January
|-
| 12th month
! éinint
| 30 || February
|-
| 13th month
! ráskint
| 5 or 6 || —
|}

The 13th month is the month where a leap day is added in leap years.

==Weeks==
A Laefevian week consists of 6 days, of which 4 are work days and 2 are work-free days (generally). Since each month is 30 days long, there are 5 week in every month, not counting the 13th month. Every month thus begins on the same day.

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Numeric name !! Name of day !! Type of day
|-
| 1st day
! zjólët
| workday
|-
| 2nd day
! šéulët
| workday
|-
| 3rd day
! máilët
| workday
|-
| 4th day
! féllët
| workday
|-
| 5th day
! hénlët
| weekend
|-
| 6th day
! bjálët
| weekend
|}

==''Ráskint'' (the 13th month)==
The 13th month behaves differently from the other months. Its days have special names and are spread throughout the calendar, inserted between other days of the regular months. Four of the days in the 13th month designate the solstices and equinoxes, and the remaining day is the last day of the year (the last two days in a leap year).

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Numeric name !! Name of day !! Event
|-
| 1st day
! rílët
| spring equinox, the first day of the year
|-
| 2nd day
! váilët
| summer solstice
|-
| 3rd day
! kâklët
| autumn equinox
|-
| 4th day
! énlët
| winter solstice
|-
| 5th day
! irílët
| the last day of a common year; the penultimate day of a leap year
|-
| 6th day
! jálët
| the last day of a leap year (does not exist in a common year)
|}

===Position of the days===
The position of the days of the 13th month is fixed.
{|
|-
|
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|+ Common year
|-
! Preceded by !! Day !! Followed by
|-
| 5 ráskint || '''1 ráskint''' || 1 eltént
|-
| 2 koísent || '''2 ráskint''' || 3 koísent
|-
| 4 wanánt || '''3 ráskint''' || 5 wanánt
|-
| 3 lênnant || '''4 ráskint''' || 4 lênnant
|-
| 30 éinint || '''5 ráskint''' || 1 ráskint
|}
|
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|+ Leap year
|-
! Preceded by !! Day !! Followed by
|-
| 6 ráskint || '''1 ráskint''' || 1 eltént
|-
| 2 koísent || '''2 ráskint''' || 3 koísent
|-
| 4 wanánt || '''3 ráskint''' || 5 wanánt
|-
| 3 lênnant || '''4 ráskint''' || 4 lênnant
|-
| 30 éinint || '''5 ráskint''' || 6 ráskint
|-
| 5 ráskint || '''6 ráskint''' || 1 ráskint
|}
|}

==Calendar eras==
The year numbering used in the Laefevian calendar consists of two eras: one for numbering the years before the time the calendar was implemented, and one for the time elapsed since its implementation.

{| class="wikitable"
|+ Calendar ears
|-
! Time !! Full name !! Shortened || Abbreviation || Translation
|-
! Before year 0
| Áoiri ték || Áoriték || AT || ''Sun's era''
|-
! After year 0
| Éairi ték || Éariték || ET || ''Moon's era''
|}

==Leap years==
The calendar observes leap cycles and leap years. A leap year occurs every 4 years, however, three leap years are removed from a period of 400 years, which is known as a leap cycle. The current year is the 1061st leap year. By the aforementioned calculations, it should be 1060th, however. This is because the calendar loses a day approximately every 3300 years, so the year 3400 AT was a leap year, even though it was supposed to be a common year.

The table below marks leap centuries in bold (future centuries are in italics):
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! 1st millennium !! 2nd millennium !! 3rd millennium !! 4th millennium !! 5th millennium !! 6th millennium !! 7th millennium
|-
| '''0 || 1000 || '''2000 || 3000 || '''4000 || ''5000 || '''''6000
|-
| 100 || 1100 || 2100 || 3100 || 4100 || ''5100 || ''6100
|-
| 200 || '''1200 || 2200 || '''3200 || 4200 || '''''5200 || ''6200
|-
| 300 || 1300 || 2300 || 3300 || 4300 || ''5300 || ''6300
|-
| '''400 || 1400 || '''2400 || '''3400 || '''4400 || ''5400 || '''''6400
|-
| 500 || 1500 || 2500 || 3500 || ''4500 || ''5500 || ''6500
|-
| 600 || '''1600 || 2600 || '''3600 || ''4600 || '''''5600 || '''''6600
|-
| 700 || 1700 || 2700 || 3700 || ''4700 || ''5700 || ''6700
|-
| '''800 || 1800 || '''2800 || 3800 || '''''4800 || ''5800 || '''''6800
|-
| 900 || 1900 || 2900 || 3900 || ''4900 || ''5900 || ''6900
|}

==Laefevian and Gregorian calendars correspondence==
The Laefevian calendar begins on the 20 March in Gregorian calendar, and ends on the 19 March the following year. For example, the current year began on 20th March 2015 and it will end on 19th March 2016. Laefevian dates therefore always correspond to the same date in Gregorian calendar, except in leap years. This means that a common year, ''13 éinint'' corresponds to 1st March, while in a leap year it corresponds to 29th February. All subsequent dates are therefore moved by one day forward in a leap year, and the Laefevian leap year ends on ''6 ráskint'', which corresponds to 19th March. In a common year, the Laefevian year ends on ''5 ráskint'', which again corresponds to 19th March.
{|
|-
|
{| class="wikitable"
|+ Common year
|-
! Laefevian !! ''Gregorian''
|-
| 12 éinint||''28 February
|-
| 13 éinint||''1 March
|-
| 14 éinint||''2 March
|-
| 15 éinint||''3 March
|-
| 16 éinint||''4 March
|-
| 17 éinint||''5 March
|-
| 18 éinint||''6 March
|-
| 19 éinint||''7 March
|-
| 20 éinint||''8 March
|-
| 21 éinint||''9 March
|-
| 22 éinint||''10 March
|-
| 23 éinint||''11 March
|-
| 24 éinint||''12 March
|-
| 25 éinint||''13 March
|-
| 26 éinint||''14 March
|-
| 27 éinint||''15 March
|-
| 28 éinint||''16 March
|-
| 29 éinint||''17 March
|-
| 30 éinint||''18 March
|-
| style="background: violet"| 5 ráskint|| style="background: violet" |''19 March
|-
|}
|
{| class="wikitable"
|+ Leap year
|-
! Laefevian !! ''Gregorian''
|-
| 12 éinint||''28 February
|-
| style="background: navajowhite" |13 éinint|| style="background: navajowhite" |'''''29 February
|-
| 14 éinint||''1 March
|-
| 15 éinint||''2 March
|-
| 16 éinint||''3 March
|-
| 17 éinint||''4 March
|-
| 18 éinint||''5 March
|-
| 19 éinint||''6 March
|-
| 20 éinint||''7 March
|-
| 21 éinint||''8 March
|-
| 22 éinint||''9 March
|-
| 23 éinint||''10 March
|-
| 24 éinint||''11 March
|-
| 25 éinint||''12 March
|-
| 26 éinint||''13 March
|-
| 27 éinint||''14 March
|-
| 28 éinint||''15 March
|-
| 29 éinint||''16 March
|-
| 30 éinint||''17 March
|-
| style="background: violet" | 5 ráskint|| style="background: violet" | ''18 March
|-
| style="background: navajowhite" | '''6 ráskint|| style="background: navajowhite" | ''19 March
|}
|}

==The year 4372 AT and 2015 CE==
The calendar of the current year, 4372 AT, is below. The corresponding Gregorian calendar dates are also provided. The starting Gregorian date is 20 March 2015, while the ending Gregorian date is 19 March 2016.

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Laefevian !! ''Gregorian'' !! rowspan="94" | !! Laefevian !! ''Gregorian'' !! rowspan="94" | !! Laefevian !! ''Gregorian'' !! rowspan="94" | !! Laefevian !! ''Gregorian''
|-
| style="background: turquoise" |'''1 ráskint||style="background: turquoise" |'''''20 March''||1 koísent||''19 June||1 wanánt||''18 September||1 lênnant||''18 December
|-
| 1 eltént||''21 March''||2 koísent||''20 June||2 wanánt||''19 September||2 lênnant||''19 December
|-
| 2 eltént||''22 March||style="background: turquoise" |'''2 ráskint||style="background: turquoise" |'''''21 June||3 wanánt||''20 September||3 lênnant||''20 December
|-
| 3 eltént||''23 March||3 koísent||''22 June||4 wanánt||''21 September||style="background: turquoise" |4 ráskint||style="background: turquoise" |''21 December
|-
| 4 eltént||''24 March||4 koísent||''23 June||style="background: turquoise" |3 ráskint||style="background: turquoise" |''22 September||'''4 lênnant||'''''22 December
|-
| 5 eltént||''25 March||5 koísent||''24 June||'''5 wanánt||'''''23 September||5 lênnant||''23 December
|-
| 6 eltént||''26 March||6 koísent||''25 June||6 wanánt||''24 September||6 lênnant||''24 December
|-
| 7 eltént||''27 March||7 koísent||''26 June||7 wanánt||''25 September||7 lênnant||''25 December
|-
| 8 eltént||''28 March||8 koísent||''27 June||8 wanánt||''26 September||8 lênnant||''26 December
|-
| 9 eltént||''29 March||9 koísent||''28 June||9 wanánt||''27 September||9 lênnant||''27 December
|-
| 10 eltént||''30 March||10 koísent||''29 June||10 wanánt||''28 September||10 lênnant||''28 December
|-
| 11 eltént||''31 March||11 koísent||''30 June||11 wanánt||''29 September||11 lênnant||''29 December
|-
| 12 eltént||''1 April||12 koísent||''1 July||12 wanánt||''30 September||12 lênnant||''30 December
|-
| 13 eltént||''2 April||13 koísent||''2 July||13 wanánt||''1 October||13 lênnant||''31 December
|-
| 14 eltént||''3 April||14 koísent||''3 July||14 wanánt||''2 October||14 lênnant||''1 January
|-
| 15 eltént||''4 April||15 koísent||''4 July||15 wanánt||''3 October||15 lênnant||''2 January
|-
| 16 eltént||''5 April||16 koísent||''5 July||16 wanánt||''4 October||16 lênnant||''3 January
|-
| 17 eltént||''6 April||17 koísent||''6 July||17 wanánt||''5 October||17 lênnant||''4 January
|-
| 18 eltént||''7 April||18 koísent||''7 July||18 wanánt||''6 October||18 lênnant||''5 January
|-
| 19 eltént||''8 April||19 koísent||''8 July||19 wanánt||''7 October||19 lênnant||''6 January
|-
| 20 eltént||''9 April||20 koísent||''9 July||20 wanánt||''8 October||20 lênnant||''7 January
|-
| 21 eltént||''10 April||21 koísent||''10 July||21 wanánt||''9 October||21 lênnant||''8 January
|-
| 22 eltént||''11 April||22 koísent||''11 July||22 wanánt||''10 October||22 lênnant||''9 January
|-
| 23 eltént||''12 April||23 koísent||''12 July||23 wanánt||''11 October||23 lênnant||''10 January
|-
| 24 eltént||''13 April||24 koísent||''13 July||24 wanánt||''12 October||24 lênnant||''11 January
|-
| 25 eltént||''14 April||25 koísent||''14 July||25 wanánt||''13 October||25 lênnant||''12 January
|-
| 26 eltént||''15 April||26 koísent||''15 July||26 wanánt||''14 October||26 lênnant||''13 January
|-
| 27 eltént||''16 April||27 koísent||''16 July||27 wanánt||''15 October||27 lênnant||''14 January
|-
| 28 eltént||''17 April||28 koísent||''17 July||28 wanánt||''16 October||28 lênnant||''15 January
|-
| 29 eltént||''18 April||29 koísent||''18 July||29 wanánt||''17 October||29 lênnant||''16 January
|-
| 30 eltént||''19 April||30 koísent||''19 July||30 wanánt||''18 October||30 lênnant||''17 January
|-
| 1 sušínt||''20 April||1 vásint||''20 July||1 ménent||''19 October||1 íhanant||''18 January
|-
| 2 sušínt||''21 April||2 vásint||''21 July||2 ménent||''20 October||2 íhanant||''19 January
|-
| 3 sušínt||''22 April||3 vásint||''22 July||3 ménent||''21 October||3 íhanant||''20 January
|-
| 4 sušínt||''23 April||4 vásint||''23 July||4 ménent||''22 October||4 íhanant||''21 January
|-
| 5 sušínt||''24 April||5 vásint||''24 July||5 ménent||''23 October||5 íhanant||''22 January
|-
| 6 sušínt||''25 April||6 vásint||''25 July||6 ménent||''24 October||6 íhanant||''23 January
|-
| 7 sušínt||''26 April||7 vásint||''26 July||7 ménent||''25 October||7 íhanant||''24 January
|-
| 8 sušínt||''27 April||8 vásint||''27 July||8 ménent||''26 October||8 íhanant||''25 January
|-
| 9 sušínt||''28 April||9 vásint||''28 July||9 ménent||''27 October||9 íhanant||''26 January
|-
| 10 sušínt||''29 April||10 vásint||''29 July||10 ménent||''28 October||10 íhanant||''27 January
|-
| 11 sušínt||''30 April||11 vásint||''30 July||11 ménent||''29 October||11 íhanant||''28 January
|-
| 12 sušínt||''1 May||12 vásint||''31 July||12 ménent||''30 October||12 íhanant||''29 January
|-
| 13 sušínt||''2 May||13 vásint||''1 August||13 ménent||''31 October||13 íhanant||''30 January
|-
| 14 sušínt||''3 May||14 vásint||''2 August||14 ménent||''1 November||14 íhanant||''31 January
|-
| 15 sušínt||''4 May||15 vásint||''3 August||15 ménent||''2 November||15 íhanant||''1 February
|-
| 16 sušínt||''5 May||16 vásint||''4 August||16 ménent||''3 November||16 íhanant||''2 February
|-
| 17 sušínt||''6 May||17 vásint||''5 August||17 ménent||''4 November||17 íhanant||''3 February
|-
| 18 sušínt||''7 May||18 vásint||''6 August||18 ménent||''5 November||18 íhanant||''4 February
|-
| 19 sušínt||''8 May||19 vásint||''7 August||19 ménent||''6 November||19 íhanant||''5 February
|-
| 20 sušínt||''9 May||20 vásint||''8 August||20 ménent||''7 November||20 íhanant||''6 February
|-
| 21 sušínt||''10 May||21 vásint||''9 August||21 ménent||''8 November||21 íhanant||''7 February
|-
| 22 sušínt||''11 May||22 vásint||''10 August||22 ménent||''9 November||22 íhanant||''8 February
|-
| 23 sušínt||''12 May||23 vásint||''11 August||23 ménent||''10 November||23 íhanant||''9 February
|-
| 24 sušínt||''13 May||24 vásint||''12 August||24 ménent||''11 November||24 íhanant||''10 February
|-
| 25 sušínt||''14 May||25 vásint||''13 August||25 ménent||''12 November||25 íhanant||''11 February
|-
| 26 sušínt||''15 May||26 vásint||''14 August||26 ménent||''13 November||26 íhanant||''12 February
|-
| 27 sušínt||''16 May||27 vásint||''15 August||27 ménent||''14 November||27 íhanant||''13 February
|-
| 28 sušínt||''17 May||28 vásint||''16 August||28 ménent||''15 November||28 íhanant||''14 February
|-
| 29 sušínt||''18 May||29 vásint||''17 August||29 ménent||''16 November||29 íhanant||''15 February
|-
| 30 sušínt||''19 May||30 vásint||''18 August||30 ménent||''17 November||30 íhanant||''16 February
|-
| 1 sávent||''20 May||1 sétint||''19 August||1 kágittint||''18 November||1 éinint||''17 February
|-
| 2 sávent||''21 May||2 sétint||''20 August||2 kágittint||''19 November||2 éinint||''18 February
|-
| 3 sávent||''22 May||3 sétint||''21 August||3 kágittint||''20 November||3 éinint||''19 February
|-
| 4 sávent||''23 May||4 sétint||''22 August||4 kágittint||''21 November||4 éinint||''20 February
|-
| 5 sávent||''24 May||5 sétint||''23 August||5 kágittint||''22 November||5 éinint||''21 February
|-
| 6 sávent||''25 May||6 sétint||''24 August||6 kágittint||''23 November||6 éinint||''22 February
|-
| 7 sávent||''26 May||7 sétint||''25 August||7 kágittint||''24 November||7 éinint||''23 February
|-
| 8 sávent||''27 May||8 sétint||''26 August||8 kágittint||''25 November||8 éinint||''24 February
|-
| 9 sávent||''28 May||9 sétint||''27 August||9 kágittint||''26 November||9 éinint||''25 February
|-
| 10 sávent||''29 May||10 sétint||''28 August||10 kágittint||''27 November||10 éinint||''26 February
|-
| 11 sávent||''30 May||11 sétint||''29 August||11 kágittint||''28 November||11 éinint||''27 February
|-
| 12 sávent||''31 May||12 sétint||''30 August||12 kágittint||''29 November||12 éinint||''28 February
|-
| 13 sávent||''1 June||13 sétint||''31 August||13 kágittint||''30 November||style="background: NavajoWhite" |13 éinint||style="background: NavajoWhite" | ''29 February
|-
| 14 sávent||''2 June||14 sétint||''1 September||14 kágittint||''1 December||14 éinint||''1 March
|-
| 15 sávent||''3 June||15 sétint||''2 September||15 kágittint||''2 December||15 éinint||''2 March
|-
| 16 sávent||''4 June||16 sétint||''3 September||16 kágittint||''3 December||16 éinint||''3 March
|-
| 17 sávent||''5 June||17 sétint||''4 September||17 kágittint||''4 December||17 éinint||''4 March
|-
| 18 sávent||''6 June||18 sétint||''5 September||18 kágittint||''5 December||18 éinint||''5 March
|-
| 19 sávent||''7 June||19 sétint||''6 September||19 kágittint||''6 December||19 éinint||''6 March
|-
| 20 sávent||''8 June||20 sétint||''7 September||20 kágittint||''7 December||20 éinint||''7 March
|-
| 21 sávent||''9 June||21 sétint||''8 September||21 kágittint||''8 December||21 éinint||''8 March
|-
| 22 sávent||''10 June||22 sétint||''9 September||22 kágittint||''9 December||22 éinint||''9 March
|-
| 23 sávent||''11 June||23 sétint||''10 September||23 kágittint||''10 December||23 éinint||''10 March
|-
| 24 sávent||''12 June||24 sétint||''11 September||24 kágittint||''11 December||24 éinint||''11 March
|-
| 25 sávent||''13 June||25 sétint||''12 September||25 kágittint||''12 December||25 éinint||''12 March
|-
| 26 sávent||''14 June||26 sétint||''13 September||26 kágittint||''13 December||26 éinint||''13 March
|-
| 27 sávent||''15 June||27 sétint||''14 September||27 kágittint||''14 December||27 éinint||''14 March
|-
| 28 sávent||''16 June||28 sétint||''15 September||28 kágittint||''15 December||28 éinint||''15 March
|-
| 29 sávent||''17 June||29 sétint||''16 September||29 kágittint||''16 December||29 éinint||''16 March
|-
| 30 sávent||''18 June||30 sétint||''17 September||30 kágittint||''17 December||30 éinint||''17 March
|-
| ||||||||||||style="background: violet" |5 ráskint||style="background: violet" |''18 March
|-
| ||||||||||||style="background: NavajoWhite" |6 ráskint||style="background: NavajoWhite" |''19 March
|}

[[Category:Calendars]][[Category:Laefevia]]

User:Ashucky/Sketches/Laefevia

2015-10-13T20:26:23Z

Ashucky: I'm sorry guys for using this wiki for this but i didn't know where else to put it, my wiki's gone and these are the backups, i will remove them this once get all the text copied somewhere else! Apologies!

{{Infobox Laefevia}}

'''Laefevia''', ({{IPAc-en|lang|pron|ˌ|l|eɪ|.|ə|ˈ|f|ɛ|v|i|ə}} or {{IPAc-en|l|eɪ|ˈ|f|iː|v|i|ə}}; [[Laefêvëši language|Laefêvëši]]: ''Laefêvitti'' {{IPA-qlf|laeˈfɛːʋitːi|}}), is a nation on {{eshar}}, located on the continent of [[Miraria]]. Part of the country leis on the [[Isthmus of Meliku]] on the [[Šarkunen]] peninsula. Laefevia borders on several countries; on land it borders on [[Edievia]], [[Mereland]], [[Nithalosia]], [[Riyana]], and [[Yerlan]]; and on sea it borders on [[Ohkoria]] and [[Xynderland]]. The country is among the most technologically advanced countries, and ranks as one of the richest countries on Ešgal. Laefevia is also a member of the [[Šarkunen]] cultural and historical region, and is a member of the [[Union of Šarkunen Nations|Union of Šarkunen Nations (UŠN)]], along with other Šarkunen countries. As a result of its history and location, there are more than ten languages spoken in Laefevia, six of which are recognised regional languages - thus multilingualism is a major part of the education system, and most Laefevians are fluent in at least three languages.

==Etymology==
The native name of the country, ''Laefêvitti'', is composed of two parts: the stem ''laefêv(i)-'' and the suffix ''-(i)tti''. The suffix is used to indicate the name of a country, so it can be translated as “country” or “land” (the actual Laefevian words are ''šaíz'' and ''tjêr'', respectively, and it is plausible that the suffix is derived from the latter). The first part of the name, ''laefêv(i)-'' is a compound by itself, namely from the word ''illáef'' “element” and [to come soon lol gotta find the notes]

==History==
{{main|Timeline of Laefevian history}}
===Prehistory===
The area of present-day Laefevia has been inhabited since prehistoric times, with central Laefevia ([[Irrésken Province]]) being the most important part, thanks to its low elevation, flat area and abundance of water (lakes and rivers). Evidence from excavations indicates that nomadic [[Wikipedia:Anatomically modern humans|modern human]] [[Wikipedia:Hunter-gatherer|hunter-gatherers]] settled in central Laefevia around 110,000 years ago.

====Agricultural revolution====
Around 9,000 years ago (approximately 7,000 BCE), the cultures living on the [[Skauáili igés|Greenwater Plain]] (Laefêvëši: ''Skauáili igés'') along the rivers and lakes in central Laefevia transitioned from a hunter-gatherer society to an agricultural society - an event generally referred to as the Šarkunen Agricultural Revolution. From here on, agriculture slowly spread throughout the [[Šarkunen Peninsula]] and other nearby areas in [[Miraria]]. The first domesticated plants were [[Wikipedia:Emmer wheat|emmer]], [[Wikipedia:Einkorn wheat|einkorn]], and [[Wikipedia:Barley|barley]].

==== First cultures====
[[File:Vihtibili pottery.jpg|200px|thumbnail|left|A red pot from the Vîhtib culture.]]
The 8th millennium BCE is the time when the first permanent settlements appeared on the Greenwater Plain. Several distinct cultures seem to have been present on the plain between approximately 7,500 BCE and 6,000 BCE. The pottery excavated at various sites throughout the plain comes in a variety of different coloured patterns, although the overall style is generally the same or similar, which possibly indicates a larger macro-culture that diversified into several smaller cultures. The macro-culture is often referred to as the [[Vîhtib culture]] (Laefêvëši: ''Vîhtibili jibíhd'').

A smaller climate change seems to have taken place during the 6th millennium, consisting of two phases. The first phase is characterised by reduced rainfall between 6,000 BCE and 5,400 BCE. During this period, several long-lasting droughts took place, and the settlements moved closer to the rivers and lakes. Many settlements farther away from the main sources of water were abandoned, and remnants of possible early small-scale irrigation systems have been discovered as well. The overall population dwindled, and pottery remnants became scarce.

The second phase began sometime between 5,400 BCE and 5,350 BCE, and ended around 5000 BCE. It is characterised by a quick reversal of the climate conditions in the region; the persistent dry climate quickly became wetter as more rain started to fall in the Greenwater Plain and the surrounding areas. Since the weather conditions changed so rapidly over a geologically short period of time, the population decreased even further. This is attributed to increased rainfall, which caused crops to fail. Settlements moved farther away from the rivers, which may have flooded up to several times per year, thus reducing the habitability in the immediate vicinity of the rivers. Another cause for the decrease of the population can also be attributed to disease. Analyses of bones excavated from the graves around permanent settlements indicate shorter lifespan and an increase of various chronic diseases. Several communities seem to have practically disappeared, and pottery fragments became almost non-existent by the end of the 6th millennium.

[[File:Asadra pottery.jpg|200px|thumbnail|right|A plate from the Asádra culture.]]
Once the climate became stable again, agriculture resumed and by 4,900 BCE the population mostly recovered. Around the same time, a new pottery style emerged, which is attributed to a new culture, as well as extensive cultivation of [[Wikipedia:Millet|millet]]. The culture is referred to as the [[Asádra culture]] (Laefêvëši: ''Asádraili jubíhd''), after the city of [[Asádra]] where it was first discovered. The northern Greenwater Plain, along the southern coast of [[Lake Altái]] (Laefêvëši: ''Altáili jêrs''), is believed to be the origin of this culture, which gradually spread southward and by at least 4,600 BCE, the culture dominated the plain.

[[File:Yttysk pottery.jpg|200px|thumbnail|left|Distinctly painted pottery jug from the Yttýsk culture.]]
Distinctly painted pottery appeared along the western coast of [[Lake Yttýsk]] (Laefêvëši: ''Yttýskili jêrs'') in the [[Munkéd Plain]] (Laefêvëši: ''Munkédili igés'') around 3,900 BCE, belonging to the [[Yttýsk culture]] (Laefêvëši: ''Yttýskili jubíhd''). The distinct style of its pottery quickly spread throughout the plain, becoming the most important culture in the plain within a century or two. Additionally, Yttýsk pottery has been found in sites belonging to the Asádra culture, and vice versa, indicating a well-developed trade between the two cultures.

Both cultures came to an end sometime between 3,400 and 3,200 BCE. Pottery items from both cultures dropped significantly, and the cause of that is currently unknown. Analyses of lakebed sediments from the Greenwater Plain and the Munkéd Plain show pollen changes, indicating a possible climate change affecting the areas. Many settlements show sings of fire, and appear to be have become abandoned after that. A well-supported theory currently is that the changes were caused by the arrival of a people or peoples from Miraria's inland, which was possibly triggered by climate change. Another competing theory is that with the growing number of permanent settlements in the plains, along with a slight shift to a drier climate, some of the cultures began attacking other nearby cultures for resources, which escalated and spread throughout the region. A third theory is currently on the rise, which claims that the changes were caused by both internal strife between the settlements and arrival of a people from north-east.

Nonetheless, the inhabitants of the plains quickly recovered, and by 3,100 BCE, new kinds of pottery emerged, as well as first items made of bronze.

===Early city-states===

===Pre-dynastic period===

===Early Dynastic period===

===Old Dynastic period===

===Middle Dynastic period===

===Late Dynastic period===

===Republic of Laefevia===

===Meritocracy of Laefevia===

===Modern history===

==Geography==

===Geology===

===Lakes and rives===
[[File:Laefevian Hydronymy 01.png|500px|thumbnail|right|Major lakes in Laefevia, along with names of the surrounding seas and bays.]]
Laefevia has a fair number of big lakes. The biggest lake is [[Lake Yttýsk]] (''Yttýskili jêrs''), not counting [[Lake Altái]] (''Altáili jêrs'') since it is shared with [[Mereland]]. Three other lakes are shared with [[Riyana]]: [[Lake Kíggičin]] (''Kíggičinli jêrs''), [[Lake Tônčin]] (''Tônčinili jêrs''), and [[Lake Peícus]] (''Peícusili jêrs''). Most of the lakes are located in the [[Greenwater Plain]] (''Skauáili igés'') and the [[Munkéd Plain]] (''Munkédili igés'').

===Climate===
The climate of Laefevia is diverse since the country is rather stretched. It ranges from warm sub-Mediterranean climate along the coasts of the [[Paršita Sea|Várta Sea]] and [[Árkilta Sea]], and oceanic in western Laefevia, to continental in the majority of the continental part of the country, with mountain climate in highly elevated areas.

===Biodiversity===

==Politics==
===Government===
{{main|List of Laefevian monarchs}}
[[File:Aurolind Empress.jpg|200px|thumbnail|right|Aurôlind Êriasont, the Laefevian empress. ]]
Laefevia is a [[Wikipedia:Constitutional monarchy|constitutional monarchy]] with the empress '''[[Aurôlind Êriasont]]''' (full name: ''Aurôlind Êriasont Saltíndirsent Ráskirinirsent Laefêvittinli'' (pronounced: {{IPA-qlf|au̯ˈɾɔːlind̥ ˈɛːɾi̯asont salˈtiːndiɾsent ˈɾaːskiɾiniɾsent laeˈfɛːʋitːinli||Laef empress name.ogg}})) as the head of the state. The role of the monarch (either an empress or an emperor) is mostly limited to ceremonial and representative functions, however, the monarch still has the power of veto when it comes to passing bills.

{{multiple image|caption_align=center|header_align=center
| align = left
| width = 80
| header = Grand Chancellors
| image1 = Hjakkusi Eredinin.jpg
| alt1 = Hjakkusi Eredinin
| image2 = Wanaoin Esirinirne.jpg
| alt2 = Wanáoin Ešírinirnē
| footer = Hjakkusi Eredinin and Wanáoin Ešírinirnē.
}}
{{multiple image|caption_align=center|header_align=center
| align = left
| width = 80
| header = Wise Chancellors
| image1 = Reðalf Mervigsun.jpg
| alt1 = Réðálf Mérvígsun
| image2 = Vallind Iskarinirne.jpg
| alt2 = Vallínd Iskârinirnē
| footer = Réðálf Mérvígsun and Vallínd Iskârinirnē.
}}

The government is known as the '''Imperial Triad''' (Laefêvëši: ''Šáutrili ljánda''), consisting of two main parts (discussed below).

[[Wikipedia:Legislative power|Legislative power]] is vested in the [[Wikipedia:Bicameral|bicameral]] '''Imperial Dyad''' (Laefêvëši: ''Šáutrili vránda''. The Imperial Dyad consists of two chambers: '''Imperial Grand Council''' (IGC) (Laefêvëši: ''Šáutrili wámlos'') and '''Imperial Wise Council''' (IWS) (Laefêvëši: ''Šáutrili ýmlos''). The IGC consists of 40 people; 36 of which are elected representatives from each province (four per province), they are known as Provincial Representatives, and the other 4 people are called Perspectivists, who are tasked with providing a different point of view to any suggestion brought forward by the Provincial Representatives. The IWS consists of a variety of academics and experts from various fields, who provide the IGC with advice and recommendations regarding any proposed bills. Before a bill is passed, it needs to be approved by both councils.

[[File:Hwemni Lhathor.jpg|90px|thumbnail|right|Archchancellor Hwemni Lathor. ]]
[[Wikipedia:Executive (government)|Executive power]] is exercised by the '''Imperial Monad''' (Laefêvëši: ''Šáutrili sánda''), which consists of the '''Imperial High Council''' (IHC) (Laefêvëši: ''Šáutrili dǿmlos''), chaired by the empress, along with four chancellors, the latter having been elected from the Imperial Dyad councils, and known as the Grand Chancellors and the Wise Chancellors. Part of the IHC is also the '''Imperial Cabinet Council''' (ICC), which consists of ministers, who are appointed by the IHC from the members of the IWS. The IHC also has the final say in legislature - any bill, after being approves by the Imperial Dyad, is sent to the IHC, reviewed by it and then either approved or denied. The final decision is then upon the monarch, who needs to sign the bill for it to take effect. If the monarch does not agree with the bill, despite having been approved by the rest of the Imperial Triad, the monarch can veto the bill.

Laefevia is also one of the few [[Wikipedia:Meritocracy|meritocracies]] in the world. By that, all government positions, appointments and responsibilities are given based on demonstrated talent. The meritocratic power is exercised by the '''Imperial Merited Council''' (IMC). The IMC approves the candidates who want to become members of the IGC, and reviews applications of the candidates who want to become members of the IWC and later selects and appoints new members. The IMC is chaired by an elected arch-chancellor.

Laefevia is also a [[Wikipedia:Social democracy|social democracy]], providing free and universal [[Wikipedia:Welfare state|welfare]], [[Wikipedia:Health care|healthcare]] and [[Wikipedia:Education|eduction]].

===Administrative divisions===
{{multiple image
| align = right
| direction = vertical
| width = 501
| header = Laefevian provinces and prefectures.
| image1 = Laef provinces and capitals.png
| alt1 =
| caption1 = The provinces and their capitals
| image2 = Laef prefectures.png
| alt2 =
| caption2 = Laefevian prefectures.
}}
{{Main|Administrative divisions of Laefevia}}

Laefevia is divided into provinces ({{small|Laefêvëši}}: ''wíhd'' {{IPA-qlf|ˈu̯iːxd̥|}}, {{small|plural}}: ''wída'' {{IPA-qlf|ˈu̯iːda|}}, which are further divided into prefectures (''nýkset'' {{IPA-qlf|ˈnyːkset|}}, {{small|plural}} ''nýkseta'' {{IPA-qlf|ˈnyːkseta|}}), these to counties, and further into municipalities and localities.

There are nine provinces, which generally correspond to historical kingdoms. There is a total of 65 prefectures. Each province is composed of a different number of prefectures, the lowest is two prefectures per province and the highest is 17 prefectures per province.

{| class="wikitable"
|+ Laefevian provinces and prefectures
|-
! colspan="3" | Provinces !! rowspan="2" | Number of prefectures
|-
! Laefevian name !! Native name !! Native script
|-
| colspan="3" | Ajlísken || 6
|-
| Gaþínnel || colspan="2" | ''Gathrínel'' || 6
|-
| Gúttisel || colspan="2" | ''Gutiskland'' || 4
|-
| colspan="3" | Irrésken || 17
|-
| Ixéssem || ''Wiḫedil Irǧerenti'' || وخدل ئرغرنت || 7
|-
| Sáelkem || ''Saitlahör'' || 사잍짜헐 || 8
|-
| Séttokem || colspan="2" | ''Settakes'' || 2
|-
| Taérinel || ''Tainirenda'' || たいにれんだ || 4
|-
| colspan="3" | Unnésken || 11
|}

===Foreign relations===
Laefevia upholds a defence-only policy towards conflict, meaning it holds neutral relations with almost all countries and only acts with conflict in response to a necessity for defence.

====Union of Šarkunen Nations====
Laefevia is one of founding nations of the [[Union of Šarkunen Nations]] (UŠN) ({{small|[[Laefêvëši language|Laefêvëši]]:}} ''Šárkaerittili máenda'' {{IPA-qlf|ˈʃaːɾkaeɾitːili ˈmaːenda|}}), along with [[Edievia]], [[Nithalosia]], [[Riyana]], and [[Xynderland]]. The UŠN presently consists of other members as well, and Laefevia maintains peaceful and friendly relations with all member states.

====Travelling abroad====
{{multiple image
| width = 250
| footer = An example of a Laefevian ID card (left: obverse, right: reverse)
| image1 = Laef ID obv.png
| alt1 =
| caption1 =
| image2 = Laef ID rev.png
| alt2 =
| caption2 =
}}
As per the policies of the UŠN, travelling to and from its member states is free and requires only a valid national ID card. This includes the following states: [[Edievia]], [[Lesidea]], [[Nithalosia]], [[Ohkoria]], [[Riyana]], and [[Xynderland]].

Citizens of [[Yoan Aruhu]] are allowed to enter Laefevia with only a valid passport. Citizens of the [[Fals Empire]] can enter the country with a passport, however, a Visa is required after 90 days. Similarly, citizens of [[Achiyitqana]] need a Visa after 70 days. The same applies to Laefevian citizens travelling to these two countries as well.

The citizens of [[Requi]] (which is only partially recognised by Laefevia) and the citizens of the [[Great Kaisen Empire]] cannot obtain pre-applied Visas before entry to Laefevia; instead, they need to apply for one at the border when entering the country. Due to the economic and political circumstances of the aforementioned countries, a medical examination is required. Should the examination produce negative results, Visas will be automatically denied. If the medical examination produces positive results, applicants may proceed with their Visa application. If an applicant cannot produce a valid identity document from their home country, they will be denied Visa as well. Citizens of Requi may therefore be granted a 7-day Visa (valid from and including the day of entry), and citizens of the Great Kaisen Empire may be granted a 15-day Visa (valid from and including the day of entry).

Citizens from all other countries not mentioned beforehand are required to have a pre-applied Visa, which is valid for 30 days (valid from and including the day of entry). Such Visas expire within one year from the day of application.

===Military===
Laefevia has a small army of highly-skilled professionals for defensive purposes only.

==Economy==
===Time zones===
[[File:Laefevian Timezones.png|280px|thumbnail|right|Laefevian time zones: EŠT/VLJ is blue, CŠT/HLJ is green, and WŠT/SLJ is yellow. ]]
Laefevia stretches through [[SCT|three times zones]], which follow the provincial borders.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
|+ Time zones of Laefevia
|-
! colspan="2" | International name || colspan="2" | Local name || rowspan="2" | SCT offset || rowspan="2" | Provinces
|-
! Time zone || Abbreviation || Time zone || Abbreviation
|-
| '''Eastern Šarkunen Time''' || EŠT or EST || ''Vételaefêvili ját'' || ''VLJ'' || +1 || style="text-align:left;" | [[Gútissel]], [[Ixéssem]]
|-
| '''Central Šarkunen Time''' || CŠT or CST || ''Héjelaefêvili ját'' || ''HLJ'' || +0 || style="text-align:left;" | [[Ajlísken]], [[Gaþínnel]], [[Irrésken]], [[Unnésken]]
|-
| '''Western Šarkunen Time''' || WŠT or WST || ''Sálelaefêvili ját'' || ''SLJ'' || -1 || style="text-align:left;" | [[Sáelkem]], [[Séttokem]], [[Taérinel]]
|}

The local names of the time zones translate as "Eastern Laefevian Time", "Central Laefevian Time", and "Western Laefevian Time".

The prime meridian, according to which the international time zones, or the [[SCT|Sahar Coördinated Time]], have been calculated, runs through [[Okállea]], the capital of the [[Gaþínnel]] province.

===Currency===
The official currency of Laefêvia is called the '''Laefevian Sênam''' ({{small|[[Laefêvëši language|Laefêvëši]]:}} ''sênam'' {{IPA-qlf|ˈsɛːnam|}}). The symbol of the currency is '''ß''' or '''{{unicode|ẞ}}''' (the former is usually preferred due to coding issues with the latter symbol), and the code is '''SEN'''. The value of Sênam (against the US Dollar) is <code>SEN 1 = USD 2.65</code> or <code>USD 1 = SEN 0.38</code>. An online currency converter is available on [http://conworkshop.info/cwsp_curr_convert.php this page].

The Sênam is broken into 100 units called '''Essáms''' (singular: Essám) ({{small|[[Laefêvëši language|Laefêvëši]]:}} ''essám'' {{IPA-qlf|eˈsːaːm|}}), and the symbol used is '''ʃ'''. Natively, the Essám is delimited from the Sênam by a comma; for example, five Sênams and seven Essáms would be written as 5,07ß (the currency symbol follows the number), or as 5ß and 7ʃ. It should be noted that when only Essáms are used, they are usually written with both symbols, eg. 0,50ß would be written as 50ʃß.

There are seven banknotes with the following denominations: ß5, ß10, ß20, ß30, ß50, ß100, ß200, and ß500. In addition, there are also eight coins: 1ʃ, 2ʃ, 5ʃ, 10ʃ, 20ʃ, 50ʃ, ß1 and ß2. See the tables below for the specifications of both the banknotes and the coins.

{| class="wikitable collapsible collapsed" style="margin:auto; font-size:90%;"
|+ <big>Sênam Banknotes</big>
!colspan="2"| Image !!rowspan="2"| Value !!rowspan="2"| Dimensions (millimetres) !!rowspan="2" colspan="2"| Main Colour !!rowspan="2"| Design
|-
! Obverse !! Reverse
|- style="height:62px"
| style="text-align:center;"| [[File:SEN5o.png|border|120px]]
| style="text-align:center;"| [[File:SEN5r.png|border|120px]]
! ß5
| style="text-align:center;"| 120 × 62
| style="text-align:center; background:;"|
| -
| Bird
|- style="height:62px"
| style="text-align:center;"| [[File:SEN10o.png|border|127px]]
| style="text-align:center;"| [[File:SEN10r.png|border|127px]]
! ß10
| style="text-align:center;"| 127 × 67
| style="text-align:center; background:;"|
| -
| Butterfly
|- style="height:62px"
| style="text-align:center;"| [[File:SEN20o.png|border|133px]]
| style="text-align:center;"| [[File:SEN20r.png|border|133px]]
! ß20
| style="text-align:center;"| 133 × 72
| style="text-align:center; background:;"|
| -
| Tree
|- style="height:62px"
| style="text-align:center;"| [[File:SEN50o.png|border|140px]]
| style="text-align:center;"| [[File:SEN50r.png|border|140px]]
! ß50
| style="text-align:center;"| 140 × 77
| style="text-align:center; background:;"|
| -
| Rose
|- style="height:62px"
| style="text-align:center;"| [[File:SEN100o.png|border|147px]]
| style="text-align:center;"| [[File:SEN100r.png|border|147px]]
! ß100
| style="text-align:center;"| 147 × 82
| style="text-align:center; background:;"|
| -
| Wolf
|- style="height:62px"
| style="text-align:center;"| [[File:SEN200o.png|border|153px]]
| style="text-align:center;"| [[File:SEN200r.png|border|153px]]
! ß200
| style="text-align:center;"| 153 × 82
| style="text-align:center; background:#;"|
| -
| Owl
|- style="height:62px"
| style="text-align:center; height:62px;"| [[File:SEN500o.png|border|160px]]
| style="text-align:center;"| [[File:SEN500r.png|160px]]
! ß500
| style="text-align:center;"| 160 × 82
| style="text-align:center; background:#;"|
| -
| The Sun and the Moon
|-
|colspan="10"|{{small|These images are to scale at 0.7 pixels per millimetre.}}
|}

{| class="wikitable collapsible collapsed" style="margin:auto; font-size:90%;"
|+ <big>Sênam Coins</big>
! rowspan="2" | Value
! colspan="2" | Image (2007 - present)
! rowspan="2" colspan="2" | Main Colour
! rowspan="2" colspan="2" | Secondary Colour
! rowspan="2" | Diameter (mm)
! rowspan="2" | Thickness (mm)
! rowspan="2" | Mass (g)
! rowspan="2" | Design
|-
! Obverse
! Reverse
|- style="height:62px"
! ß0.01
| style="text-align:center;"| [[File:S1ʃßo.png|105px]]
| style="text-align:center;"| [[File:S125ʃßr.png|105px]]
| style="background:#CD7F32;" |
| Bronze
| style="background:;" |
| None
| 16.25
| 1.67
| 2.30
| Two snowflakes
|- style="height:62px"
! ß0.02
| style="text-align:center;"| [[File:S2ʃß.png|110px]]
| style="text-align:center;"| [[File:S125ʃßr.png|110px]]
| style="background:#CD7F32;"|
| Bronze
| style="background:;"|
| None
| 18.75
| 1.67
| 3.06
| Ceremonial bow with an arrow
|- style="height:62px"
! ß0.05
| style="text-align:center;"| [[File:S5ʃß.png|120px]]
| style="text-align:center;"| [[File:S125ʃßr.png|120px]]
| style="text-align:center; background:#CD7F32;"|
| Bronze
| style="text-align:center; background:;"|
| None
| 21.25
| 1.67
| 3.92
| Atom (helium)
|- style="height:62px"
! ß0.10
| style="text-align:center;"| [[File:S10ʃß.png|120px]]
| style="text-align:center;"| [[File:S102050ʃßr.png|120px]]
| style="text-align:center; background:#FFD700;"|
| Gold
| style="text-align:center; background:;"|
| None
| 19.75
| 1.93
| 4.10
| Dragon
|- style="height:62px"
! ß0.20
| style="text-align:center;"| [[File:S20ʃß.png|130px]]
| style="text-align:center;"| [[File:S102050ʃßr.png|130px]]
| style="background:#FFD700;"|
| Gold
| style="background:;"|
| None
| 22.25
| 2.14
| 5.74
| Shark
|- style="height:62px"
! ß0.50
| style="text-align:center;"| [[File:S50ʃß.png|140px]]
| style="text-align:center;"| [[File:S102050ʃßr.png|140px]]
| style="text-align:center; background:#FFD700;"|
| Gold
| style="text-align:center; background:;"|
| None
| 24.25
| 2.38
| 7.80
| Ringed planet
|- style="height:62px"
! ß1.00
| style="text-align:center;"| [[File:S1ßo.png|160px]]
| style="text-align:center;"| [[File:S1ßr.png|160px]]
| style="text-align:center; background:#C0C0C0;"|
| Silver
| style="text-align:center; background:#FFD700;"|
| Gold
| 23.25
| 2.33
| 7.50
| Tear-cut gemstone
|- style="height:62px"
! ß2.00
| style="text-align:center;"| [[File:S2ßo.png|167px]]
| style="text-align:center;"| [[File:S2ßr.png|167px]]
| style="text-align:center; background:#FFD700;"|
| Gold
| style="text-align:center; background:#C0C0C0;"|
| Silver
| 25.75
| 2.20
| 8.50
| Dolphin
|-
|}

===Transport===
{{multiple image
| align = right
| direction = vertical
| width = 500
| header = Transportation in Laefevia
| image1 = Laefevian Shinkansen.png
| alt1 =
| caption1 = A simplifed map of the Laefevian maglev network.
| image2 = Laefevian Motorways.png
| alt2 =
| caption2 = Major Laefevian motorways.
}}
{{main|Transportation in Laefevia|Laefark}}
The most important part of the Laefevian infrastructure system is a network of high-speed [[Wikipedia:maglev|maglev]] trains, which connect the capitals of the provinces. The trains regularly exceed speeds of 500 km/h. Networks of slower trains, but still high-speed trains, connect other major cities in the country. These trains reach the speed of up to 300 km/h, although the actual speed is usually lower, around 200 km/h to 250 km/h, due to frequent stops between the departure station and the destination station.

A very well-developed network of motorways also exists in Laefevia, which connects all provincial and prefectural capitals. The network is part of a larger trans-Šarkunen motorway network. A bridge also connects Laefevia and [[Xynderland]].

Laefevia also has a national airline, known as ''[[Laefark]]'', which flies between all provincial capitals, and between a provincial capital and the prefectural capitals within that province. ''Laefeark'' also flies to various destinations worldwide. Several other private and semi-private smaller airlines exist in the country, which fly between various prefectural capitals and other cities.

===Energy===

===Science and technology===

===Tourism===

==Demographics==

===Ethnic groups===

===Urbanisation===

===Language===
Laefevia ranks as one of the most lingusitically diverse countries on Sahar. There are several languages spoken in the country, some of which have their own writing systems as well.

====Languages of Laefevia====
{{Main|Languages of Laefevia}}
[[File:Laef languages.png|thumb|601px|right|A map showing the languages spoken by more than half of the population in Laefevian prefectures.]]
The official language of Laefevia is '''[[Laefêvëši]]''' (or Laefevian). It is also the most widely spoken language in the country. The language is natively spoken in three provinces (Irrésken, Ajlísken, and Unnésken), and is the predominant language in Gaþínnel as well. There are six other native languages of Laefevia, which are also recognised as regional languages in the other six provinces.

{| class="wikitable"
|+ Languages of Laefevia
|-
! Province !! Regional language
|-
| '''Ajlísken'''
| Laefêvëši
|-
| '''Gaþínnel'''
| Gathrírn
|-
| '''Gútissel'''
| Gutiskar
|-
| '''Irrésken '''
| Laefêvëši
|-
| '''Ixéssem'''
| Irǧeret (ئرغرت)
|-
| '''Sáelkem'''
| Saitlaa (사잍쨔)
|-
| '''Séttokem'''
| Settaka
|-
| '''Taérinel'''
| Tainiren (たいりねん)
|}

Apart from the regional languages, there are other minority languages spoken in the country, usually close to the borders with other countries. The biggest recognised minority language is [[Ohkorian]], which is spoken by more than half of the population in the prefecture of Hittowa (ひっととう, ''Hittotou''), province of Taérinel (たいにれんだ, ''Tainirenda''). Ohkorian is also spoken in the other three Taérinel prefectures but to a lesser extend, as well as in both Séttokem prefectures. Another minority language is [[Emawake]] (어마와커), which is spoken in the province of Sáelkem (사잍짜헐, ''Saitlahör'') along the border with [[Riyana]]. Emawake and the regional language of Sáelekm, Saitlaa, also share the same script.

In southern Laefevia, in the province of Gaþínnel (''Gathrínel''), two minority languages are spoken: [[Edievian]] and [[Nithalos]]. However, only Nithalos is recognised as a minority language. The number of speakers of Edievian is too low to be granted official recognition.

In eastern Laefevia, there are two recognised minority languages - [[Xynder]], in the westernmost prefecture of Gútissel province, and [[Yenä]] in eastern Gútissel along the border with [[Yerlan]].

====Names and surnames====
Laefevians have a unique way of forming surnames. Instead of using a family name being inherited from a parent, a system of both [[Wikipedia:Patronymic|patronymic]] and [[Wikipedia:Matronymic|matronymic]] surnames - a child usually carries two given names and two surnames. Patronymic surnames are based on the first name of the father, while matronymic names are based on the first name of the mother. The matronymic surname comes first, followed by the patronymic; when shortened, only the matronymic surname is used.

The matronymic name is formed by using the possessive adjectival form of the mother's first name (ending in ''-iri'' or ''-ir-'' when shortened), and the patronymic name is likewise formed by the possessive adjectival form of the father's first name. Onto that, the suffix ''-nē'' is added for daughters (from ''inê'' “daughter”) and the suffix ''-nyl'' is added for sons (from ''nýl'' “son”). Recently, however, two gender-neutral suffixes have gained prominence and are increasingly used: ''-nir'' (from ''níor'' “child”) and ''-sent'' (from ''séint'' “descendant”).

Example:
* mother's first name: ''Irói''
* father's first name: ''Éamlind''
** daughter's surname: ''Iróirnē Éamlindirnē''
** son's surname: ''Iróirnyl Éamlindirnyl''
** gender neutral: ''Iróirnir Éamlindirnir'' or ''Iróirsent Éamlindirsent''

Once a child reaches adulthood, they usually pick yet another surname of their choosing. Toponymic surnames are among the most common types of such surnames. Toponymic surnames are typically formed by adding the suffix ''-(i)nli'' to a place name, eg. ''Solténna'' would become ''Solténninli''. A surname like this is declined like a relational adjective (because the suffix ''-(i)nli'' comes form both the possessive suffix ''-iri'' and the relational suffix ''-ili'', originally being ''-irili'' and then shortened to ''-irli'', later becoming the current suffix).

Below is an example of the Laefevian naming system (shortened names are in bold):
{{Collapse
|1=
{{chart/start}}
{{chart| GMM |y| GFM | | GMF |y| GFF | | |GMM='''Áisont''' Sitýst '''Igérrinirnē''' Óastirnē Ýhtelinli|GFM='''Skáidō''' Lislínt '''Káltirnyl''' Juvéstirnyl Uáielinli|GMF='''Maltínd''' Ihánrin '''Ōllǿdirnē''' Îkundirnē Úellinli|GFF='''Lóinend''' Maítō '''Døtârinirnyl''' Kágrinirnyl Úellinli}}
{{chart| | | |!| | | | | | | |)|-|-|-|.| }}
{{chart| | | MOM |~|~|y|~|~| DAD | | AUNT|MOM='''Irói''' Jávan '''Áisontirnē''' Skáidirnē Solténninli|DAD='''Éamlind''' Aeklávi '''Maltíndirnyl''' Lóinendirnyl Solténninli|AUNT='''Tîmō''' Wanáoin '''Maltíndirnē''' Lóinendirnē Eilíndentinli}}
{{chart| | | | | |,|-|^|-|.| | | | | | | }}
{{chart| | | | | ME | | SIS | | | | | | |ME='''Vallínd''' Neatvênt '''Iróirnir''' Éamlindirnir Solténninli|SIS='''Iskârin''' Ʒérend '''Iróirsent''' Éamlindirsent Solténninli}}
{{chart/end}}
|2=An example of a Laefevian family tree}}

===Education===

===Healthcare===

===Religion===

==Culture==
===Calendar===
{{main|Laefevian calendar}}
''Skaljêrili trêat'', or the Laefevian calendar, is the calendar used in Laefevia. It is a solar calendar with 365 days in a common year and 366 days in a leap year. There are 12 months of 30 days and one month of 5 days. Each of the twelve 30-day months consists of five 6-day weeks. The calendar is fixed on the spring equinox, or 20th March in Gregorian calendar. The calendar was created in 2359 BCE and took effect in 2357 BCE. Therefore, the current year is 4372 AT, which is also the 1061st leap year.

===Heritage===

===Architecture===

===Literature===

===Art===

===Music===

===Theatre===

===Film===

===Cuisine===

===Sport===

===Symbols===

==See also==

[[Category:Countries]][[Category:Laefevia]][[Category:Union of Šarkunen Nations]][[Category:Miraria]]

Laefêvëši/Verbs

2014-11-27T18:54:26Z

Ashucky: /* Auxilliary verb álaj (to be) */

'''Laefêvëši''' verbs are highly inflected.
{{TOC right}}
== Characteristics ==
<big>'''Types'''</big> 
Lexical verbs (full meaning)
* verbs of movement
Auxiliary verbs:
* phaseal verbs
* modal verbs
* the verb ''álaj'' (to be)

<big>'''Classes'''</big> 
Three classes:
# verbs on '''-vij'''
# verbs on '''-laj'''
# verbs on '''-vaj'''

<big>'''Number'''</big> 
Numbers:
* singular
* dual
* plural

<big>'''Aspect'''</big> 
# Perfective aspect
# Imperfective aspect

<big>'''Mood'''</big> 
Realis moods:
* Indicative
* Generic
Irrealis moods:
* Conditional
* Subjunctive
* Optative
* Jussive
* Reputative
* Presumptive
* Potential
* Hypothetical
* Admirative
* Imperative
* Inferencial/renarrative

<big>'''Tenses'''</big> 
Simple tenses:
* simple present
* simple past
* remote past
* nonpast
* pluperfect
* simple future
* future anterior
* nonfuture
* future-in-the-past

== Conjugation ==

=== Stem lengthening ===
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg collapsible collapsed"
! colspan="6" | Stem lengthening
|-
! Class !! Type I !! Type II !! Type III !! Type IV !! Type V
|-
! -VIJ
| -Vvij → -Vtt- || -[V]Jvij → -[V]Jat- || -[V]Kvij → -[V]KKat- || -CCvij → -CCi- || -[V]GGëvij → -[V]GGi-
|-
! -LAJ
| -Vlaj → -Vll- || -[V]Jlaj → -[V]Jal- || -[V]Klaj → -[V]KKal- || -CClaj → -CCu- || -[V]GGëlaj → -[V]GGu-
|-
! -VAJ
| -Vvaj → -Vnn- || -[V]Jvaj → -[V]Jan- || -[V]Kvaj → -[V]KKan- || -CCvaj → -CCi- || -[V]GGëvaj → -[V]GGi-
|-
! colspan="6" | Example
|-
! -VIJ
| návij → ná'''tt'''- || ná'''š'''vij → ná'''šat'''- || ná'''n'''vij → ná'''nnat'''- || ná'''nd'''vij → ná'''ndi'''- || ná'''nnë'''vij → ná'''nni'''-
|-
! -LAJ
| nálaj → ná'''ll'''- || ná'''š'''laj → ná'''šal'''- || ná'''n'''laj → ná'''nnal'''- || ná'''nd'''laj → ná'''ndu'''- || ná'''nnë'''laj → nná'''nnu'''-
|-
! -VAJ
| návaj → ná'''nn'''- || ná'''š'''vaj → ná'''šan'''- || ná'''n'''vaj → ná'''nnan'''- || ná'''nd'''vaj → ná'''ndi'''- || ná'''nnë'''vaj → ná'''nni'''-
|}

=== Tenses ===
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg collapsible collapsed"
! colspan="9" | Conjugation according to tense
|-
! rowspan="3" | Person !! colspan="6" | Simple present
|-
! colspan="2" | Singular !! colspan="2" | Dual !! colspan="2" | Plural
|-
! affirm. !! negat. !! affirm. !! negat. !! affirm. !! negat.
|-
! 1st
| -a || -ake || -e || -eke || -o || -oke
|-
! 2nd
| -an || -aŋe || -en || -eŋe || -on || -oŋe
|-
! 3rd
| -as || -aksi || -es || -eksi || -os || -oksi
|-
! !! colspan="6" | Simple past
|-
! 1st
| -ai || -aike || -ei || -eike || -oi || -oike
|-
! 2nd
| -ain || -aiŋe || -ein || -eiŋe || -oin || -oiŋe
|-
! 3rd
| -ais || -aiksi || -eis || -eiksi || -ois || -oiksi
|-
! !! colspan="6" | Nonpast
|-
! 1st
| -ao || -aoke || -eo || -eoke || -oo || -ooke
|-
! 2nd
| -aon || -aoŋe || -eon || -eoŋe || -oon || -ooŋe
|-
! 3rd
| -aos || -aoksi || -eos || -eoksi || -oos || -ooksi
|-
! !! colspan="6" | Pluperfect
|-
! 1st
| -ø || -øke || -øi || -øike || -iø || -iøke
|-
! 2nd
| -øn || -øŋe || -øin || -øiŋe || -iøn || -iøŋe
|-
! 3rd
| -øs || -øksi || -øis || -øiksi || -iøs || -iøksi
|-
! !! colspan="6" | Remote past
|-
! 1st
| -ae || -aeke || -ee || -eeke || -oe || -oeke
|-
! 2nd
| -aen || -aeŋe || -een || -eeŋe || -oen || -oeŋe
|-
! 3rd
| -aes || -aeksi || -ees || -eeksi || -oes || -oeksi
|-
! !! colspan="6" | Simple future
|-
! 1st
| -au || -auke || -eu || -euke || -ou || -ouke
|-
! 2nd
| -aun || -auŋe || -eun || -euŋe || -oun || -ouŋe
|-
! 3rd
| -aus || -auksi || -eus || -euksi || -ous || -ouksi
|-
! !! colspan="6" | Nonfuture
|-
! 1st
| -ë || -ëke || -ëi || -ëike || -ië || -iëke
|-
! 2nd
| -ën || -ëŋe || -ëin || -ëiŋe || -iën || -iëŋe
|-
! 3rd
| -ës || -ëksi || -ëis || -ëiksi || -iës || -iëksi
|-
! !! colspan="6" | Future anterior
|-
! 1st
| -y || -yke || -yi || -yike || -iy || -iyke
|-
! 2nd
| -yn || -yŋe || -yin || -yiŋe || -iyn || -iyŋe
|-
! 3rd
| -ys || -yksi || -yis || -yiksi || -iys || -iyksi
|-
! !! colspan="6" | Future-in-the-past
|-
! 1st
| -aa || -aake || -ea || -eake || -oa || -oake
|-
! 2nd
| -aan || -aaŋe || -ean || -eaŋe || -oan || -oaŋe
|-
! 3rd
| -aas || -aaksi || -eas || -eaksi || -oas || -oaksi
|-
|}

==== Compound tenses ====
Compound tenses are formed with the auxilliary verb ''álaj'' (to be) and past active participle.

Compound tenses are rarely used, and when they are, usually there's a clause inserted between the auxilliary and the past active participle.

=== Moods ===
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg collapsible collapsed" style="text-align: center;"
! colspan="3" | Mood suffixes
|-
! Mood !! Long form !! Short form
|-
! Indicative
| -/ || -/
|-
! Generic
| -an || -n
|-
! Conditional
| -am || -m
|-
! Subjunctive
| -al || -l
|-
! Optative
| -ak || -k
|-
! Jussive
| -ah || -h
|-
! Reputative
| -ar || -r
|-
! Presumptive
| -ag || -g
|-
! Potential
| -as || -s
|-
! Hypothetical
| -av || -v
|-
! Admirative
| -at || -t
|-
|}

==== Imperative ====
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg collapsible collapsed" style="text-align: center;"
! colspan="7" | Imperative conjugation
|-
! rowspan="3" | Person !! colspan="6" | Imperative
|-
! colspan="2" | Singular !! colspan="2" | Dual !! colspan="2" | Plural
|-
! affirm. !! negat. !! affirm. !! negat. !! affirm. !! negat.
|-
! 1st
| -/ || -/ || -et(e) || -ekt(e) || -ot(o) || -okt(e)
|-
! 2nd
| -ar(a) || -ark(e) || -er(e) || -erk(e) || -or(o) || -ork(e)
|-
! 3rd
| -/ || -/ || -/ || -/ || -/ || -/
|-
|}

=== Causative ===
The causative is a verbal form with the meaning of "to make/cause someone/something do something". It is formed with an infixiated verb between the stem of the lexical verb and the inflection of the lexical verb, much like modal and phaseal verbs. Both the lexical verb and the causative infix can be inflected.

The bare causative infix is: '''-ajsk-'''

There are three types of causative derived from the original causative above:
* '''-ajsk-''' is the neutral or default causative that means both "make" and "cause"
* '''-ejst-''' is the volitional causative: to make on purpose, to force
* '''-ojst-''' is the non-volitional causatve: to cause by accident
 
Inflextion of the causative (the agent of the verb) immediately follows the causative infix, and the inflection of the lexical verb is then added to the inflected causative. When negating, the position of the negation depends on what is negated, the lexical verb or the causative infix.

The formation paradigm is as follows: (agent) + (object 1) + [lexical verb]-ajsk-[agent inflection]-[object 1 inflection] + (object 1) + (object 2)

{| class="bluetable lightbluebg collapsible collapsed" style="text-align: center;"
! colspan="17" | Examples without expressed agents and objects 1
|-
! colspan="4" | Example 1 !! rowspan="6" | !! colspan="5" | Example 2 !! rowspan="6" | !! colspan="6" | Example 3
|-
| ávaj || ánnan || -ajsk- || -ajskah-
| šânvaj || šânnanan || -ajsk- || -ajskaih- || winádo
| káulaj || káullan || -ajsk- || -ajskais- || -ajskaiksi- || ýttafa
|-
| ''to go'' || ''you go'' || ''make'' || ''I make''
| ''to rule'' || ''you rule'' || ''make'' || ''I made'' || ''country''
| ''draw'' || ''you draw'' || ''make'' || ''he made'' || ''he made not'' || ''lines''
|-
| colspan="4" | Ánnajskahan.
| colspan="5" | Šânnanajskaihan winádo.
| colspan="6" | Káullajskaiksian ýttafa
|-
| colspan="4" | go-make-I-you
| colspan="5" | rule-make-I-ed-you country
| colspan="6" | draw-make-he-ed-not-you lines
|-
| colspan="4" | ''I make you go.''
| colspan="5" | ''I made you rule the country.''
| colspan="6" | ''He didn't make you draw the lines.''
|}

{| class="bluetable lightbluebg collapsible collapsed" style="text-align: center;"
! colspan="23" | Examples with agents and objects 1 expressed
|-
! colspan="6" | Example 4 !! rowspan="6" | !! colspan="7" | Example 5 !! rowspan="6" | !! colspan="8" | Example 6
|-
| ó || se || ávaj || ánnan || -ajsk- || -ajskah-
| ó || se || šânvaj || šânnanan || -ajsk- || -ajskaih- || winádo
| â || sa || káulaj || káullan || -ajsk- || -ajskais- || -ajskaiksi- || ýttafa.
|-
| ''I'' || ''you'' || ''to go'' || ''you go'' || ''make'' || ''I make''
| ''I'' || ''you'' || ''to rule'' || ''you rule'' || ''make'' || ''I made'' || ''country''
| ''he'' || ''you'' || ''draw'' || ''you draw'' || ''make'' || ''he made'' || ''he made not'' || ''lines''
|-
| colspan="6" | Ó se ánnajskahan. / Ó ánnajskahan se.
| colspan="7" | Ó se šânnanajskaihan winádo. / Ó šânnanajskaihan se winádo.
| colspan="8" | Â sa káullajskaiksian ýttafa. / Â káullajskaiksian sa ýttafa.
|-
| colspan="6" | I you go-make-I-you / I go-make-I-you you
| colspan="7" | I you rule-make-I-ed-you country / I rule-make-I-ed-you you country
| colspan="8" | he you draw-make-he-ed-not-you lines / he draw-make-he-ed-not-you you lines
|-
| colspan="6" | ''I make you go.''
| colspan="7" | ''I made you rule the country.''
| colspan="8" | ''He didn't make you draw the lines.''
|}

Other examples:
* Ánnajskaiha'''ŋe'''.
** ''I made you '''not''' go.''
* Ánnajskaikeaŋe. / Ánnajskaikehaŋe.
** ''I didn't make you not go.''
* Ánnajskalléhan. / Ánnajskalléhahan.
** ''I can make you go.''
* Ánnajskallékehan.
** ''I can't make you go.''
* Ánnajskallékehaŋe.
** ''I can't make you not go.''
* Ánnajskalléketeŋe.
** ''I can't not make you not go.''

== ''Álaj'' (to be) ==
{{Main|Álaj (verb)}}

== Auxiliary verbs ==
Several verbs have clitic forms, sometimes they act as infixes, too. In first person, they're simply added to the conjugational suffix; in second and third person, they're inserted between the vowel(s) and the final consonant of the conjugational suffix.

Three main types of auxiliary verbs are:
# modal verbs
# phaseal verbs
# verbs of movement
 
Examples:
* ''Vétta.'' → ''Vétta'''nné'''.''
** I give. → I have to give.
* ''Véttos.'' → ''Vétto'''nné'''s.''
** They give. → They have to give.
* ''Nótta.''→ ''Nótta'''nój'''.''
** I work. → I start to work.
* ''Nóttos.''→ ''Nótto'''nój'''s.''
** They work. → They start to work.

{| class="bluetable lightbluebg collapsible collapsed"
! colspan="3" | Auxiliary verbs
|-
! Full form !! Clitic !! English
|-
| álvaj || -nnó || ''to wish''
|-
| élvaj || -nní || ''to wish''
|-
| évivaj || -nné || ''have to'', ''must''
|-
| vírvij || -ttí || ''can'', ''to be allowed to''
|-
| óvlaj || -lló || ''can be done'', ''to be possible''
|-
| vélaj || -llé || ''can''
|-
| újelaj || -llú || ''to want''
|-
| - || -ttý || ''to like''
|-
| - || -ttǿ || ''would like''
|-
| ávivaj || -nná || ''should''
|-
| ǿlvaj || -nnǿ || ''to wish (to oneself)''
|-
| ýlvaj || -nný || ''to wish (to oneself)''
|-
| nášlaj || -llá || ''to manage'', ''to be able to''
|-
| || -ttá || ''to go''
|-
|}

{| class="bluetable lightbluebg collapsible collapsed" style="text-align: center;"
! colspan="3" |Phaseal verbs
|-
|-
! Full form !! Clitic !! English
|-
| onóvaj || -nój || ''to begin''
|-
| mâivij || -máj || ''to finish''
|-
| nâivij || -náj || ''to finish/complete''
|-
| hélaj || -héj || ''to stop''
|-
|}

=== Auxilliary verb ''álaj'' (to be) ===
The verb ''to be'' is used as an ausxilliary verb in compound tenses. The auxilliary is fully inflected and the past active participle is inflected only by number. The auxilliary is somewhat special as it has stress on the actual inflection, which is marked. For moods other than the indicative, the indicative '''m-''' is replaced with the appropriate stem.

{| class="bluetable lightbluebg collapsible collapsed"
! colspan="7" | Auxilliary ''álaj'' in the indicative
|-
! rowspan="3" | Person !! colspan="6" | Simple present
|-
! colspan="2" | Singular !! colspan="2" | Dual !! colspan="2" | Plural
|-
! affirm. !! negat. !! affirm. !! negat. !! affirm. !! negat.
|-
! 1st
| má || máke || mé || méke || mó || móke
|-
! 2nd
| mán || máŋe || mén || méŋe || món || móŋe
|-
! 3rd
| más || máksi || més || méksi || mós || móksi
|-
! !! colspan="6" | Simple past
|-
! 1st
| mái || máike || méi || méike || mói || móike
|-
! 2nd
| máin || máiŋe || méin || méiŋe || móin || móiŋe
|-
! 3rd
| máis || máiksi || méis || méiksi || móis || móiksi
|-
! !! colspan="6" | Nonpast
|-
! 1st
| máo || máoke || méo || méoke || móo || móoke
|-
! 2nd
| máon || máoŋe || méon || méoŋe || móon || móoŋe
|-
! 3rd
| máos || máoksi || méos || méoksi || móos || móoksi
|-
! !! colspan="6" | Pluperfect
|-
! 1st
| mǿ || mǿke || mǿi || mǿike || míø || míøke
|-
! 2nd
| mǿn || mǿŋe || mǿin || mǿiŋe || míøn || míøŋe
|-
! 3rd
| mǿs || mǿksi || mǿis || mǿiksi || míøs || míøksi
|-
! !! colspan="6" | Remote past
|-
! 1st
| máe || máeke || mée || méeke || móe || móeke
|-
! 2nd
| máen || máeŋe || méen || méeŋe || -oen || -oeŋe
|-
! 3rd
| máes || máeksi || mées || méeksi || -oes || -oeksi
|-
! !! colspan="6" | Simple future
|-
! 1st
| máu || máuke || méu || méuke || móu || móuke
|-
! 2nd
| máun || máuŋe || méun || méuŋe || móun || móouŋe
|-
! 3rd
| máus || máuksi || méus || méuksi || móus || móuksi
|-
! !! colspan="6" | Nonfuture
|-
! 1st
| mĕ || mĕke || mĕi || mĕike || míë || míëke
|-
! 2nd
| mĕn || mĕŋe || mĕin || mĕiŋe || míën || míëŋe
|-
! 3rd
| mĕs || mĕksi || mĕis || mĕiksi || míës || míëksi
|-
! !! colspan="6" | Future anterior
|-
! 1st
| mý || mýke || mýi || mýike || míy || míyke
|-
! 2nd
| mýn || mýŋe || mýin || mýiŋe || míyn || míyŋe
|-
! 3rd
| mýs || mýksi || mýis || mýiksi || míys || míyksi
|-
! !! colspan="6" | Future-in-the-past
|-
! 1st
| máa || máake || méa || méake || móa || móake
|-
! 2nd
| máan || máaŋe || méan || méaŋe || móan || móaŋe
|-
! 3rd
| máas || máaksi || méas || méaksi || móas || móaksi
|-
|}
 
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg collapsible collapsed" style="text-align: center;"
! colspan="3" | Mood stems
|-
! Mood !! Formation !! ''Example''
|-
! Generic
| enn- || ''enná''
|-
! Conditional
| enm- || ''enmá''
|-
! Subjunctive
| enl- || ''enlá''
|-
! Optative
| enk- || ''enká''
|-
! Jussive
| enh- || ''enhá''
|-
! Reputative
| enr- || ''enrá''
|-
! Presumptive
| eng- || ''engá''
|-
! Potential
| ens- || ''ensá''
|-
! Hypothetical
| env- || ''envá''
|-
! Admirative
| ent- || ''entá''
|-
|}

== Non-finite forms ==

=== Infinitives ===
==== First infinitive ====
The first infinitive is the basic form of verbs. It is a marked form, the suffixes are ''-vaj'', ''-laj'' and ''-vij''. Each suffix corresponds to one verbal class and each class undergoes a different change when conjugating.

==== Purposive (second infinitive) ====
The purposive or the second infinitive is a form derived from the first infititive. It can be used with one case, the benefactive, although it is mainly omitted; it usually indicates intention. Stem lenghtening does not apply. When combined with reflexive verbs, the forms are slightly changed (shown in brackets).

The forms are:
* -vij → '''-vyyn''' ('''-vyen''')
* -laj → '''-laan''' ('''-laen''')
* -vaj → '''-vøøn''' ('''-vøen''')

==== Immediative ====
The immediative or the third infititive is a form of the verb meaning "to be just about to ..." . It is different from other infinitives because it is formed from two parts. One part is always attached to the verb while the other is the actual infinitival suffix which is removed when conjugated. Stem lenghtening applies.

The forms are:
* -vij → '''-(t)einviaj'''
* -laj → '''-(l)ainlaaj'''
* -vaj → '''-(n)oinvaaj'''
 
Example:
Example:
* vévij → vétteinviaj → vétteina
** ''to give → to be about to give → I'm about to give
*névvaj → névvannoinvaaj → névvannoina
** ''to teach → to be about to teach → I'm about to teach''

==== Progressive infinitive ====
The progressive infinitive (or the fourth infinitive) is the basic form of verb indicating progressiveness. Both imperfective and perfective verbs can become progressive. The progressive form expresses an action taking place at the moment of speaking. The progressive infinitive is similar to the third infinitive because it's formed from two parts. One part is always attached to the verb while the other is the actual infinitival suffix which is removed when conjugated. Stem lenghtening applies.

The forms are:
* -vij → '''-(t)eusvinj'''
* -laj → '''-(l)auslanj'''
* -vaj → '''-(n)ousvanj'''
 
Example:
* vévij → vétteusvinj → vétteusa
** ''to give → to be giving → I'm giving [at this moment]''
*névvaj → névvannousvanj → névvannousa
** ''to teach → to be teaching → I'm teaching [at this moment]''

==== Reflexive infinitive ====
The reflexive infinitive (or the fifth infinitive) is the basic form of reflexive verbs. There are two types, one ending in ''-ej'' and one ending in ''-ij''. Stem lenghtening does not apply.

The forms are:
* -vij → '''-viej''', '''-viij'''
* -laj → '''-laej''', '''-laij'''
* -vaj → '''-vaej''', '''-vaij'''

=== Supines ===
==== First supine ====
The first supine is a form of verbs used after modal verbs (when they are used in their full form instead of the clitic form). Stem lenghtening applies.

The forms are:
* -vij → '''-tia''' (type I, II and III verbs), '''-ia''' (type IV and V verbs)
* -laj → '''-tie''' (type I, II and III verbs), '''-ie''' (type IV and V verbs)
* -vaj → '''-tio''' (type I, II and III verbs), '''-io''' (type IV and V verbs)
 
''NOTE:'' Verbs of the type I shorten the geminate consonant of the lenghtened stem:
* -tt- → -t-
* -ll- → -l-
* -nn- → -n-

==== Second supine ====
The second supine is a form of verbs used after phaseal verbs and verbs of movement. Stem lenghtening applies.

The forms are:
* -vij → '''-tiau''' (type I, II and III verbs), '''-iau''' (type IV and V verbs)
* -laj → '''-tieu''' (type I, II and III verbs), '''-ieu''' (type IV and V verbs)
* -vaj → '''-tiou''' (type I, II and III verbs), '''-iou''' (type IV and V verbs)
 
''NOTE:'' Verbs of the type I shorten the geminate consonant of the lenghtened stem:
* -tt- → -t-
* -ll- → -l-
* -nn- → -n-

=== Gerunds and participles ===
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg collapsible collapsed" style="text-align: center;"
! colspan="6" | Overview of gerunds and participles
|-
! !! -VIJ forms!! -LAJ forms !! -VAJ forms !! Stem !! ''Meaning''
|-
! Gerund (verbal noun)
| -voi || -loi || -noi || no, C1 || ''Nominalised verb.''
|-
! Present Gerundive (Present Active Gerund I)
| -(i)tat || -(i)lat || -(i)nat || yes || ''Simultaneous events.''
|-
! Adverbial Gerundive (Present Active Gerund II)
| -(i)taot || -(i)laot || -(i)naot || yes || ''An adverb of manner.''
|-
! Past Gerundive (Past Active Gerund)
| | -(i)tait || -(i)lait || -(i)nait || yes || ''An action completed prior to the action of the main verb.''
|-
! Relative Participle (Present Active Participle)
| -(i)ti / -iei- || -(i)di / -iei- || -(i)ni / -iei- || yes || ''Adjectvies, replace certain relative clauses.''
|-
! Qualitative Participle (Past Active Participle II)
| -(i)tui / -iyi- || -(i)dui / -iyi- || -(i)nui / -iyi- || yes || ''Adjectvies, a quality acquired through action in the past.''
|-
! Temporal Participle
| -(i)tuei|| -(i)duei || -(i)nuei || yes || ''Adjectvies, replace temporal relative clauses.''
|-
! Locational Participle
| -(i)tuai || -(i)duai || -(i)nuai || yes || ''Adjectvies, replace locational relative clauses.''
|-
! Adjectival Participle (Past Passive Participle)
| -isi || -isi || -isi || no || ''Adjectives.''
|-
! Descriptive Participle (Past Active Participle I)
| -rii ''(sg)'' -rie ''(du)'' -ria ''(pl)''|| | -nii ''(sg)'' -nie ''(du)'' -nia ''(pl)''|| | -gii ''(sg)'' -gie ''(du)'' -gia ''(pl)'' || yes* || ''Participles used to form compound tenses.''
|}

'''NOTE:''' Verbs of the type I shorten the geminate consonant of the lenghtened stem:
* -tt- → -t-
* -ll- → -l-
* -nn- → -n-

== Reflexive verbs ==
There are two types of reflexive verbs, the '''-ej''' verbs and the '''-ij''' verbs (indicated as ''-viej, -viij, -laej, -laij, -vaej, -vaij''). Their forms change depending on the person and number; and are attached to the verb.

{| class="bluetable lightbluebg collapsible collapsed" style="text-align: center;"
! colspan="4" | Reflexive suffixes
|-
! rowspan="2" | Number !! rowspan="2" | Person !! -EJ !! -IJ
|-
! clitic !! clitic
|-
! rowspan="3" | Singular !! 1st
| -re || -ro
|-
! 2nd
| -ne || -no
|-
! 3rd
| -se || -so
|-
! rowspan="3" | Dual !! 1st
| -ri || -ru
|-
! 2nd
| -ni || -nu
|-
! 3rd
| -si || -su
|-
! rowspan="3" | Plural !! 1st
| -ra || -rë
|-
! 2nd
| -na || -në
|-
! 3rd
| -sa || -së
|-
|}

== Gradation of verbs ==

== Verbal emphasis ==

[[Category:Laefêvëši]]

Laefêvëši/Verbs

2014-11-27T18:49:39Z

Ashucky: /* Gerunds and participles */

'''Laefêvëši''' verbs are highly inflected.
{{TOC right}}
== Characteristics ==
<big>'''Types'''</big> 
Lexical verbs (full meaning)
* verbs of movement
Auxiliary verbs:
* phaseal verbs
* modal verbs
* the verb ''álaj'' (to be)

<big>'''Classes'''</big> 
Three classes:
# verbs on '''-vij'''
# verbs on '''-laj'''
# verbs on '''-vaj'''

<big>'''Number'''</big> 
Numbers:
* singular
* dual
* plural

<big>'''Aspect'''</big> 
# Perfective aspect
# Imperfective aspect

<big>'''Mood'''</big> 
Realis moods:
* Indicative
* Generic
Irrealis moods:
* Conditional
* Subjunctive
* Optative
* Jussive
* Reputative
* Presumptive
* Potential
* Hypothetical
* Admirative
* Imperative
* Inferencial/renarrative

<big>'''Tenses'''</big> 
Simple tenses:
* simple present
* simple past
* remote past
* nonpast
* pluperfect
* simple future
* future anterior
* nonfuture
* future-in-the-past

== Conjugation ==

=== Stem lengthening ===
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg collapsible collapsed"
! colspan="6" | Stem lengthening
|-
! Class !! Type I !! Type II !! Type III !! Type IV !! Type V
|-
! -VIJ
| -Vvij → -Vtt- || -[V]Jvij → -[V]Jat- || -[V]Kvij → -[V]KKat- || -CCvij → -CCi- || -[V]GGëvij → -[V]GGi-
|-
! -LAJ
| -Vlaj → -Vll- || -[V]Jlaj → -[V]Jal- || -[V]Klaj → -[V]KKal- || -CClaj → -CCu- || -[V]GGëlaj → -[V]GGu-
|-
! -VAJ
| -Vvaj → -Vnn- || -[V]Jvaj → -[V]Jan- || -[V]Kvaj → -[V]KKan- || -CCvaj → -CCi- || -[V]GGëvaj → -[V]GGi-
|-
! colspan="6" | Example
|-
! -VIJ
| návij → ná'''tt'''- || ná'''š'''vij → ná'''šat'''- || ná'''n'''vij → ná'''nnat'''- || ná'''nd'''vij → ná'''ndi'''- || ná'''nnë'''vij → ná'''nni'''-
|-
! -LAJ
| nálaj → ná'''ll'''- || ná'''š'''laj → ná'''šal'''- || ná'''n'''laj → ná'''nnal'''- || ná'''nd'''laj → ná'''ndu'''- || ná'''nnë'''laj → nná'''nnu'''-
|-
! -VAJ
| návaj → ná'''nn'''- || ná'''š'''vaj → ná'''šan'''- || ná'''n'''vaj → ná'''nnan'''- || ná'''nd'''vaj → ná'''ndi'''- || ná'''nnë'''vaj → ná'''nni'''-
|}

=== Tenses ===
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg collapsible collapsed"
! colspan="9" | Conjugation according to tense
|-
! rowspan="3" | Person !! colspan="6" | Simple present
|-
! colspan="2" | Singular !! colspan="2" | Dual !! colspan="2" | Plural
|-
! affirm. !! negat. !! affirm. !! negat. !! affirm. !! negat.
|-
! 1st
| -a || -ake || -e || -eke || -o || -oke
|-
! 2nd
| -an || -aŋe || -en || -eŋe || -on || -oŋe
|-
! 3rd
| -as || -aksi || -es || -eksi || -os || -oksi
|-
! !! colspan="6" | Simple past
|-
! 1st
| -ai || -aike || -ei || -eike || -oi || -oike
|-
! 2nd
| -ain || -aiŋe || -ein || -eiŋe || -oin || -oiŋe
|-
! 3rd
| -ais || -aiksi || -eis || -eiksi || -ois || -oiksi
|-
! !! colspan="6" | Nonpast
|-
! 1st
| -ao || -aoke || -eo || -eoke || -oo || -ooke
|-
! 2nd
| -aon || -aoŋe || -eon || -eoŋe || -oon || -ooŋe
|-
! 3rd
| -aos || -aoksi || -eos || -eoksi || -oos || -ooksi
|-
! !! colspan="6" | Pluperfect
|-
! 1st
| -ø || -øke || -øi || -øike || -iø || -iøke
|-
! 2nd
| -øn || -øŋe || -øin || -øiŋe || -iøn || -iøŋe
|-
! 3rd
| -øs || -øksi || -øis || -øiksi || -iøs || -iøksi
|-
! !! colspan="6" | Remote past
|-
! 1st
| -ae || -aeke || -ee || -eeke || -oe || -oeke
|-
! 2nd
| -aen || -aeŋe || -een || -eeŋe || -oen || -oeŋe
|-
! 3rd
| -aes || -aeksi || -ees || -eeksi || -oes || -oeksi
|-
! !! colspan="6" | Simple future
|-
! 1st
| -au || -auke || -eu || -euke || -ou || -ouke
|-
! 2nd
| -aun || -auŋe || -eun || -euŋe || -oun || -ouŋe
|-
! 3rd
| -aus || -auksi || -eus || -euksi || -ous || -ouksi
|-
! !! colspan="6" | Nonfuture
|-
! 1st
| -ë || -ëke || -ëi || -ëike || -ië || -iëke
|-
! 2nd
| -ën || -ëŋe || -ëin || -ëiŋe || -iën || -iëŋe
|-
! 3rd
| -ës || -ëksi || -ëis || -ëiksi || -iës || -iëksi
|-
! !! colspan="6" | Future anterior
|-
! 1st
| -y || -yke || -yi || -yike || -iy || -iyke
|-
! 2nd
| -yn || -yŋe || -yin || -yiŋe || -iyn || -iyŋe
|-
! 3rd
| -ys || -yksi || -yis || -yiksi || -iys || -iyksi
|-
! !! colspan="6" | Future-in-the-past
|-
! 1st
| -aa || -aake || -ea || -eake || -oa || -oake
|-
! 2nd
| -aan || -aaŋe || -ean || -eaŋe || -oan || -oaŋe
|-
! 3rd
| -aas || -aaksi || -eas || -eaksi || -oas || -oaksi
|-
|}

==== Compound tenses ====
Compound tenses are formed with the auxilliary verb ''álaj'' (to be) and past active participle.

Compound tenses are rarely used, and when they are, usually there's a clause inserted between the auxilliary and the past active participle.

=== Moods ===
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg collapsible collapsed" style="text-align: center;"
! colspan="3" | Mood suffixes
|-
! Mood !! Long form !! Short form
|-
! Indicative
| -/ || -/
|-
! Generic
| -an || -n
|-
! Conditional
| -am || -m
|-
! Subjunctive
| -al || -l
|-
! Optative
| -ak || -k
|-
! Jussive
| -ah || -h
|-
! Reputative
| -ar || -r
|-
! Presumptive
| -ag || -g
|-
! Potential
| -as || -s
|-
! Hypothetical
| -av || -v
|-
! Admirative
| -at || -t
|-
|}

==== Imperative ====
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg collapsible collapsed" style="text-align: center;"
! colspan="7" | Imperative conjugation
|-
! rowspan="3" | Person !! colspan="6" | Imperative
|-
! colspan="2" | Singular !! colspan="2" | Dual !! colspan="2" | Plural
|-
! affirm. !! negat. !! affirm. !! negat. !! affirm. !! negat.
|-
! 1st
| -/ || -/ || -et(e) || -ekt(e) || -ot(o) || -okt(e)
|-
! 2nd
| -ar(a) || -ark(e) || -er(e) || -erk(e) || -or(o) || -ork(e)
|-
! 3rd
| -/ || -/ || -/ || -/ || -/ || -/
|-
|}

=== Causative ===
The causative is a verbal form with the meaning of "to make/cause someone/something do something". It is formed with an infixiated verb between the stem of the lexical verb and the inflection of the lexical verb, much like modal and phaseal verbs. Both the lexical verb and the causative infix can be inflected.

The bare causative infix is: '''-ajsk-'''

There are three types of causative derived from the original causative above:
* '''-ajsk-''' is the neutral or default causative that means both "make" and "cause"
* '''-ejst-''' is the volitional causative: to make on purpose, to force
* '''-ojst-''' is the non-volitional causatve: to cause by accident
 
Inflextion of the causative (the agent of the verb) immediately follows the causative infix, and the inflection of the lexical verb is then added to the inflected causative. When negating, the position of the negation depends on what is negated, the lexical verb or the causative infix.

The formation paradigm is as follows: (agent) + (object 1) + [lexical verb]-ajsk-[agent inflection]-[object 1 inflection] + (object 1) + (object 2)

{| class="bluetable lightbluebg collapsible collapsed" style="text-align: center;"
! colspan="17" | Examples without expressed agents and objects 1
|-
! colspan="4" | Example 1 !! rowspan="6" | !! colspan="5" | Example 2 !! rowspan="6" | !! colspan="6" | Example 3
|-
| ávaj || ánnan || -ajsk- || -ajskah-
| šânvaj || šânnanan || -ajsk- || -ajskaih- || winádo
| káulaj || káullan || -ajsk- || -ajskais- || -ajskaiksi- || ýttafa
|-
| ''to go'' || ''you go'' || ''make'' || ''I make''
| ''to rule'' || ''you rule'' || ''make'' || ''I made'' || ''country''
| ''draw'' || ''you draw'' || ''make'' || ''he made'' || ''he made not'' || ''lines''
|-
| colspan="4" | Ánnajskahan.
| colspan="5" | Šânnanajskaihan winádo.
| colspan="6" | Káullajskaiksian ýttafa
|-
| colspan="4" | go-make-I-you
| colspan="5" | rule-make-I-ed-you country
| colspan="6" | draw-make-he-ed-not-you lines
|-
| colspan="4" | ''I make you go.''
| colspan="5" | ''I made you rule the country.''
| colspan="6" | ''He didn't make you draw the lines.''
|}

{| class="bluetable lightbluebg collapsible collapsed" style="text-align: center;"
! colspan="23" | Examples with agents and objects 1 expressed
|-
! colspan="6" | Example 4 !! rowspan="6" | !! colspan="7" | Example 5 !! rowspan="6" | !! colspan="8" | Example 6
|-
| ó || se || ávaj || ánnan || -ajsk- || -ajskah-
| ó || se || šânvaj || šânnanan || -ajsk- || -ajskaih- || winádo
| â || sa || káulaj || káullan || -ajsk- || -ajskais- || -ajskaiksi- || ýttafa.
|-
| ''I'' || ''you'' || ''to go'' || ''you go'' || ''make'' || ''I make''
| ''I'' || ''you'' || ''to rule'' || ''you rule'' || ''make'' || ''I made'' || ''country''
| ''he'' || ''you'' || ''draw'' || ''you draw'' || ''make'' || ''he made'' || ''he made not'' || ''lines''
|-
| colspan="6" | Ó se ánnajskahan. / Ó ánnajskahan se.
| colspan="7" | Ó se šânnanajskaihan winádo. / Ó šânnanajskaihan se winádo.
| colspan="8" | Â sa káullajskaiksian ýttafa. / Â káullajskaiksian sa ýttafa.
|-
| colspan="6" | I you go-make-I-you / I go-make-I-you you
| colspan="7" | I you rule-make-I-ed-you country / I rule-make-I-ed-you you country
| colspan="8" | he you draw-make-he-ed-not-you lines / he draw-make-he-ed-not-you you lines
|-
| colspan="6" | ''I make you go.''
| colspan="7" | ''I made you rule the country.''
| colspan="8" | ''He didn't make you draw the lines.''
|}

Other examples:
* Ánnajskaiha'''ŋe'''.
** ''I made you '''not''' go.''
* Ánnajskaikeaŋe. / Ánnajskaikehaŋe.
** ''I didn't make you not go.''
* Ánnajskalléhan. / Ánnajskalléhahan.
** ''I can make you go.''
* Ánnajskallékehan.
** ''I can't make you go.''
* Ánnajskallékehaŋe.
** ''I can't make you not go.''
* Ánnajskalléketeŋe.
** ''I can't not make you not go.''

== ''Álaj'' (to be) ==
{{Main|Álaj (verb)}}

== Auxiliary verbs ==
Several verbs have clitic forms, sometimes they act as infixes, too. In first person, they're simply added to the conjugational suffix; in second and third person, they're inserted between the vowel(s) and the final consonant of the conjugational suffix.

Three main types of auxiliary verbs are:
# modal verbs
# phaseal verbs
# verbs of movement
 
Examples:
* ''Vétta.'' → ''Vétta'''nné'''.''
** I give. → I have to give.
* ''Véttos.'' → ''Vétto'''nné'''s.''
** They give. → They have to give.
* ''Nótta.''→ ''Nótta'''nój'''.''
** I work. → I start to work.
* ''Nóttos.''→ ''Nótto'''nój'''s.''
** They work. → They start to work.

{| class="bluetable lightbluebg collapsible collapsed"
! colspan="3" | Auxiliary verbs
|-
! Full form !! Clitic !! English
|-
| álvaj || -nnó || ''to wish''
|-
| élvaj || -nní || ''to wish''
|-
| évivaj || -nné || ''have to'', ''must''
|-
| vírvij || -ttí || ''can'', ''to be allowed to''
|-
| óvlaj || -lló || ''can be done'', ''to be possible''
|-
| vélaj || -llé || ''can''
|-
| újelaj || -llú || ''to want''
|-
| - || -ttý || ''to like''
|-
| - || -ttǿ || ''would like''
|-
| ávivaj || -nná || ''should''
|-
| ǿlvaj || -nnǿ || ''to wish (to oneself)''
|-
| ýlvaj || -nný || ''to wish (to oneself)''
|-
| nášlaj || -llá || ''to manage'', ''to be able to''
|-
| || -ttá || ''to go''
|-
|}

{| class="bluetable lightbluebg collapsible collapsed" style="text-align: center;"
! colspan="3" |Phaseal verbs
|-
|-
! Full form !! Clitic !! English
|-
| onóvaj || -nój || ''to begin''
|-
| mâivij || -máj || ''to finish''
|-
| nâivij || -náj || ''to finish/complete''
|-
| hélaj || -héj || ''to stop''
|-
|}

=== Auxilliary verb ''álaj'' (to be) ===
The verb ''to be'' is used as an ausxilliary verb in compound tenses. The auxilliary is fully inflected and the past active participle is inflected only by number. The auxilliary is somewhat special as it has stress on the actual inflection, which is marked. For moods other than the indicative, the indicative '''m-''' is replaced with the appropriate stem.

{| class="bluetable lightbluebg collapsible collapsed"
! colspan="7" | Auxilliary ''álaj'' in the indicative
|-
! rowspan="3" | Person !! colspan="6" | Simple present
|-
! colspan="2" | Singular !! colspan="2" | Dual !! colspan="2" | Plural
|-
! affirm. !! negat. !! affirm. !! negat. !! affirm. !! negat.
|-
! 1st
| má || máke || mé || méke || mó || móke
|-
! 2nd
| mán || máŋe || mén || méŋe || món || móŋe
|-
! 3rd
| más || máksi || més || méksi || mós || móksi
|-
! !! colspan="6" | Simple past
|-
! 1st
| mái || máike || méi || méike || mói || móike
|-
! 2nd
| máin || máiŋe || méin || méiŋe || móin || móiŋe
|-
! 3rd
| máis || máiksi || méis || méiksi || móis || móiksi
|-
! !! colspan="6" | Nonpast
|-
! 1st
| máo || máoke || méo || méoke || móo || móoke
|-
! 2nd
| máon || máoŋe || méon || méoŋe || móon || móoŋe
|-
! 3rd
| máos || máoksi || méos || méoksi || móos || móoksi
|-
! !! colspan="6" | Pluperfect
|-
! 1st
| mǿ || mǿke || mǿi || mǿike || míø || míøke
|-
! 2nd
| mǿn || mǿŋe || mǿin || mǿiŋe || míøn || míøŋe
|-
! 3rd
| mǿs || mǿksi || mǿis || mǿiksi || míøs || míøksi
|-
! !! colspan="6" | Remote past
|-
! 1st
| máe || máeke || mée || méeke || móe || móeke
|-
! 2nd
| máen || máeŋe || méen || méeŋe || -oen || -oeŋe
|-
! 3rd
| máes || máeksi || mées || méeksi || -oes || -oeksi
|-
! !! colspan="6" | Simple future
|-
! 1st
| máu || máuke || méu || méuke || móu || móuke
|-
! 2nd
| máun || máuŋe || méun || méuŋe || móun || móouŋe
|-
! 3rd
| máus || máuksi || méus || méuksi || móus || móuksi
|-
! !! colspan="6" | Nonfuture
|-
! 1st
| mĕ || mĕke || mĕi || mĕike || míë || míëke
|-
! 2nd
| mĕn || mĕŋe || mĕin || mĕiŋe || míën || míëŋe
|-
! 3rd
| mĕs || mĕksi || mĕis || mĕiksi || míës || míëksi
|-
! !! colspan="6" | Future anterior
|-
! 1st
| mý || mýke || mýi || mýike || míy || míyke
|-
! 2nd
| mýn || mýŋe || mýin || mýiŋe || míyn || míyŋe
|-
! 3rd
| mýs || mýksi || mýis || mýiksi || míys || míyksi
|-
! !! colspan="6" | Future-in-the-past
|-
! 1st
| máa || máake || méa || méake || móa || móake
|-
! 2nd
| máan || máaŋe || méan || méaŋe || móan || móaŋe
|-
! 3rd
| máas || máaksi || méas || méaksi || móas || móaksi
|-
|}
 
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg collapsible collapsed" style="text-align: center;"
! colspan="3" | Mood stems
|-
! Mood !! Formation !! ''Example''
|-
! Generic
| enn- || ''enná''
|-
! Conditional
| enm- || ''enmá''
|-
! Subjunctive
| enl- || ''enlá''
|-
! Optative
| enk- || ''enká''
|-
! Jussive
| enh- || ''enhá''
|-
! Reputative
| enr- || ''enrá''
|-
! Presumptive
| eng- || ''engá''
|-
! Potential
| ens- || ''ensá''
|-
! If-potential
| env- || ''envá''
|-
! Admirative
| ent- || ''entá''
|-
|}

== Non-finite forms ==

=== Infinitives ===
==== First infinitive ====
The first infinitive is the basic form of verbs. It is a marked form, the suffixes are ''-vaj'', ''-laj'' and ''-vij''. Each suffix corresponds to one verbal class and each class undergoes a different change when conjugating.

==== Purposive (second infinitive) ====
The purposive or the second infinitive is a form derived from the first infititive. It can be used with one case, the benefactive, although it is mainly omitted; it usually indicates intention. Stem lenghtening does not apply. When combined with reflexive verbs, the forms are slightly changed (shown in brackets).

The forms are:
* -vij → '''-vyyn''' ('''-vyen''')
* -laj → '''-laan''' ('''-laen''')
* -vaj → '''-vøøn''' ('''-vøen''')

==== Immediative ====
The immediative or the third infititive is a form of the verb meaning "to be just about to ..." . It is different from other infinitives because it is formed from two parts. One part is always attached to the verb while the other is the actual infinitival suffix which is removed when conjugated. Stem lenghtening applies.

The forms are:
* -vij → '''-(t)einviaj'''
* -laj → '''-(l)ainlaaj'''
* -vaj → '''-(n)oinvaaj'''
 
Example:
Example:
* vévij → vétteinviaj → vétteina
** ''to give → to be about to give → I'm about to give
*névvaj → névvannoinvaaj → névvannoina
** ''to teach → to be about to teach → I'm about to teach''

==== Progressive infinitive ====
The progressive infinitive (or the fourth infinitive) is the basic form of verb indicating progressiveness. Both imperfective and perfective verbs can become progressive. The progressive form expresses an action taking place at the moment of speaking. The progressive infinitive is similar to the third infinitive because it's formed from two parts. One part is always attached to the verb while the other is the actual infinitival suffix which is removed when conjugated. Stem lenghtening applies.

The forms are:
* -vij → '''-(t)eusvinj'''
* -laj → '''-(l)auslanj'''
* -vaj → '''-(n)ousvanj'''
 
Example:
* vévij → vétteusvinj → vétteusa
** ''to give → to be giving → I'm giving [at this moment]''
*névvaj → névvannousvanj → névvannousa
** ''to teach → to be teaching → I'm teaching [at this moment]''

==== Reflexive infinitive ====
The reflexive infinitive (or the fifth infinitive) is the basic form of reflexive verbs. There are two types, one ending in ''-ej'' and one ending in ''-ij''. Stem lenghtening does not apply.

The forms are:
* -vij → '''-viej''', '''-viij'''
* -laj → '''-laej''', '''-laij'''
* -vaj → '''-vaej''', '''-vaij'''

=== Supines ===
==== First supine ====
The first supine is a form of verbs used after modal verbs (when they are used in their full form instead of the clitic form). Stem lenghtening applies.

The forms are:
* -vij → '''-tia''' (type I, II and III verbs), '''-ia''' (type IV and V verbs)
* -laj → '''-tie''' (type I, II and III verbs), '''-ie''' (type IV and V verbs)
* -vaj → '''-tio''' (type I, II and III verbs), '''-io''' (type IV and V verbs)
 
''NOTE:'' Verbs of the type I shorten the geminate consonant of the lenghtened stem:
* -tt- → -t-
* -ll- → -l-
* -nn- → -n-

==== Second supine ====
The second supine is a form of verbs used after phaseal verbs and verbs of movement. Stem lenghtening applies.

The forms are:
* -vij → '''-tiau''' (type I, II and III verbs), '''-iau''' (type IV and V verbs)
* -laj → '''-tieu''' (type I, II and III verbs), '''-ieu''' (type IV and V verbs)
* -vaj → '''-tiou''' (type I, II and III verbs), '''-iou''' (type IV and V verbs)
 
''NOTE:'' Verbs of the type I shorten the geminate consonant of the lenghtened stem:
* -tt- → -t-
* -ll- → -l-
* -nn- → -n-

=== Gerunds and participles ===
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg collapsible collapsed" style="text-align: center;"
! colspan="6" | Overview of gerunds and participles
|-
! !! -VIJ forms!! -LAJ forms !! -VAJ forms !! Stem !! ''Meaning''
|-
! Gerund (verbal noun)
| -voi || -loi || -noi || no, C1 || ''Nominalised verb.''
|-
! Present Gerundive (Present Active Gerund I)
| -(i)tat || -(i)lat || -(i)nat || yes || ''Simultaneous events.''
|-
! Adverbial Gerundive (Present Active Gerund II)
| -(i)taot || -(i)laot || -(i)naot || yes || ''An adverb of manner.''
|-
! Past Gerundive (Past Active Gerund)
| | -(i)tait || -(i)lait || -(i)nait || yes || ''An action completed prior to the action of the main verb.''
|-
! Relative Participle (Present Active Participle)
| -(i)ti / -iei- || -(i)di / -iei- || -(i)ni / -iei- || yes || ''Adjectvies, replace certain relative clauses.''
|-
! Qualitative Participle (Past Active Participle II)
| -(i)tui / -iyi- || -(i)dui / -iyi- || -(i)nui / -iyi- || yes || ''Adjectvies, a quality acquired through action in the past.''
|-
! Temporal Participle
| -(i)tuei|| -(i)duei || -(i)nuei || yes || ''Adjectvies, replace temporal relative clauses.''
|-
! Locational Participle
| -(i)tuai || -(i)duai || -(i)nuai || yes || ''Adjectvies, replace locational relative clauses.''
|-
! Adjectival Participle (Past Passive Participle)
| -isi || -isi || -isi || no || ''Adjectives.''
|-
! Descriptive Participle (Past Active Participle I)
| -rii ''(sg)'' -rie ''(du)'' -ria ''(pl)''|| | -nii ''(sg)'' -nie ''(du)'' -nia ''(pl)''|| | -gii ''(sg)'' -gie ''(du)'' -gia ''(pl)'' || yes* || ''Participles used to form compound tenses.''
|}

'''NOTE:''' Verbs of the type I shorten the geminate consonant of the lenghtened stem:
* -tt- → -t-
* -ll- → -l-
* -nn- → -n-

== Reflexive verbs ==
There are two types of reflexive verbs, the '''-ej''' verbs and the '''-ij''' verbs (indicated as ''-viej, -viij, -laej, -laij, -vaej, -vaij''). Their forms change depending on the person and number; and are attached to the verb.

{| class="bluetable lightbluebg collapsible collapsed" style="text-align: center;"
! colspan="4" | Reflexive suffixes
|-
! rowspan="2" | Number !! rowspan="2" | Person !! -EJ !! -IJ
|-
! clitic !! clitic
|-
! rowspan="3" | Singular !! 1st
| -re || -ro
|-
! 2nd
| -ne || -no
|-
! 3rd
| -se || -so
|-
! rowspan="3" | Dual !! 1st
| -ri || -ru
|-
! 2nd
| -ni || -nu
|-
! 3rd
| -si || -su
|-
! rowspan="3" | Plural !! 1st
| -ra || -rë
|-
! 2nd
| -na || -në
|-
! 3rd
| -sa || -së
|-
|}

== Gradation of verbs ==

== Verbal emphasis ==

[[Category:Laefêvëši]]

Laefêvëši/Verbs

2014-11-22T00:01:57Z

Ashucky: /* Gerunds and participles */

'''Laefêvëši''' verbs are highly inflected.
{{TOC right}}
== Characteristics ==
<big>'''Types'''</big> 
Lexical verbs (full meaning)
* verbs of movement
Auxiliary verbs:
* phaseal verbs
* modal verbs
* the verb ''álaj'' (to be)

<big>'''Classes'''</big> 
Three classes:
# verbs on '''-vij'''
# verbs on '''-laj'''
# verbs on '''-vaj'''

<big>'''Number'''</big> 
Numbers:
* singular
* dual
* plural

<big>'''Aspect'''</big> 
# Perfective aspect
# Imperfective aspect

<big>'''Mood'''</big> 
Realis moods:
* Indicative
* Generic
Irrealis moods:
* Conditional
* Subjunctive
* Optative
* Jussive
* Reputative
* Presumptive
* Potential
* Hypothetical
* Admirative
* Imperative
* Inferencial/renarrative

<big>'''Tenses'''</big> 
Simple tenses:
* simple present
* simple past
* remote past
* nonpast
* pluperfect
* simple future
* future anterior
* nonfuture
* future-in-the-past

== Conjugation ==

=== Stem lengthening ===
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg collapsible collapsed"
! colspan="6" | Stem lengthening
|-
! Class !! Type I !! Type II !! Type III !! Type IV !! Type V
|-
! -VIJ
| -Vvij → -Vtt- || -[V]Jvij → -[V]Jat- || -[V]Kvij → -[V]KKat- || -CCvij → -CCi- || -[V]GGëvij → -[V]GGi-
|-
! -LAJ
| -Vlaj → -Vll- || -[V]Jlaj → -[V]Jal- || -[V]Klaj → -[V]KKal- || -CClaj → -CCu- || -[V]GGëlaj → -[V]GGu-
|-
! -VAJ
| -Vvaj → -Vnn- || -[V]Jvaj → -[V]Jan- || -[V]Kvaj → -[V]KKan- || -CCvaj → -CCi- || -[V]GGëvaj → -[V]GGi-
|-
! colspan="6" | Example
|-
! -VIJ
| návij → ná'''tt'''- || ná'''š'''vij → ná'''šat'''- || ná'''n'''vij → ná'''nnat'''- || ná'''nd'''vij → ná'''ndi'''- || ná'''nnë'''vij → ná'''nni'''-
|-
! -LAJ
| nálaj → ná'''ll'''- || ná'''š'''laj → ná'''šal'''- || ná'''n'''laj → ná'''nnal'''- || ná'''nd'''laj → ná'''ndu'''- || ná'''nnë'''laj → nná'''nnu'''-
|-
! -VAJ
| návaj → ná'''nn'''- || ná'''š'''vaj → ná'''šan'''- || ná'''n'''vaj → ná'''nnan'''- || ná'''nd'''vaj → ná'''ndi'''- || ná'''nnë'''vaj → ná'''nni'''-
|}

=== Tenses ===
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg collapsible collapsed"
! colspan="9" | Conjugation according to tense
|-
! rowspan="3" | Person !! colspan="6" | Simple present
|-
! colspan="2" | Singular !! colspan="2" | Dual !! colspan="2" | Plural
|-
! affirm. !! negat. !! affirm. !! negat. !! affirm. !! negat.
|-
! 1st
| -a || -ake || -e || -eke || -o || -oke
|-
! 2nd
| -an || -aŋe || -en || -eŋe || -on || -oŋe
|-
! 3rd
| -as || -aksi || -es || -eksi || -os || -oksi
|-
! !! colspan="6" | Simple past
|-
! 1st
| -ai || -aike || -ei || -eike || -oi || -oike
|-
! 2nd
| -ain || -aiŋe || -ein || -eiŋe || -oin || -oiŋe
|-
! 3rd
| -ais || -aiksi || -eis || -eiksi || -ois || -oiksi
|-
! !! colspan="6" | Nonpast
|-
! 1st
| -ao || -aoke || -eo || -eoke || -oo || -ooke
|-
! 2nd
| -aon || -aoŋe || -eon || -eoŋe || -oon || -ooŋe
|-
! 3rd
| -aos || -aoksi || -eos || -eoksi || -oos || -ooksi
|-
! !! colspan="6" | Pluperfect
|-
! 1st
| -ø || -øke || -øi || -øike || -iø || -iøke
|-
! 2nd
| -øn || -øŋe || -øin || -øiŋe || -iøn || -iøŋe
|-
! 3rd
| -øs || -øksi || -øis || -øiksi || -iøs || -iøksi
|-
! !! colspan="6" | Remote past
|-
! 1st
| -ae || -aeke || -ee || -eeke || -oe || -oeke
|-
! 2nd
| -aen || -aeŋe || -een || -eeŋe || -oen || -oeŋe
|-
! 3rd
| -aes || -aeksi || -ees || -eeksi || -oes || -oeksi
|-
! !! colspan="6" | Simple future
|-
! 1st
| -au || -auke || -eu || -euke || -ou || -ouke
|-
! 2nd
| -aun || -auŋe || -eun || -euŋe || -oun || -ouŋe
|-
! 3rd
| -aus || -auksi || -eus || -euksi || -ous || -ouksi
|-
! !! colspan="6" | Nonfuture
|-
! 1st
| -ë || -ëke || -ëi || -ëike || -ië || -iëke
|-
! 2nd
| -ën || -ëŋe || -ëin || -ëiŋe || -iën || -iëŋe
|-
! 3rd
| -ës || -ëksi || -ëis || -ëiksi || -iës || -iëksi
|-
! !! colspan="6" | Future anterior
|-
! 1st
| -y || -yke || -yi || -yike || -iy || -iyke
|-
! 2nd
| -yn || -yŋe || -yin || -yiŋe || -iyn || -iyŋe
|-
! 3rd
| -ys || -yksi || -yis || -yiksi || -iys || -iyksi
|-
! !! colspan="6" | Future-in-the-past
|-
! 1st
| -aa || -aake || -ea || -eake || -oa || -oake
|-
! 2nd
| -aan || -aaŋe || -ean || -eaŋe || -oan || -oaŋe
|-
! 3rd
| -aas || -aaksi || -eas || -eaksi || -oas || -oaksi
|-
|}

==== Compound tenses ====
Compound tenses are formed with the auxilliary verb ''álaj'' (to be) and past active participle.

Compound tenses are rarely used, and when they are, usually there's a clause inserted between the auxilliary and the past active participle.

=== Moods ===
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg collapsible collapsed" style="text-align: center;"
! colspan="3" | Mood suffixes
|-
! Mood !! Long form !! Short form
|-
! Indicative
| -/ || -/
|-
! Generic
| -an || -n
|-
! Conditional
| -am || -m
|-
! Subjunctive
| -al || -l
|-
! Optative
| -ak || -k
|-
! Jussive
| -ah || -h
|-
! Reputative
| -ar || -r
|-
! Presumptive
| -ag || -g
|-
! Potential
| -as || -s
|-
! Hypothetical
| -av || -v
|-
! Admirative
| -at || -t
|-
|}

==== Imperative ====
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg collapsible collapsed" style="text-align: center;"
! colspan="7" | Imperative conjugation
|-
! rowspan="3" | Person !! colspan="6" | Imperative
|-
! colspan="2" | Singular !! colspan="2" | Dual !! colspan="2" | Plural
|-
! affirm. !! negat. !! affirm. !! negat. !! affirm. !! negat.
|-
! 1st
| -/ || -/ || -et(e) || -ekt(e) || -ot(o) || -okt(e)
|-
! 2nd
| -ar(a) || -ark(e) || -er(e) || -erk(e) || -or(o) || -ork(e)
|-
! 3rd
| -/ || -/ || -/ || -/ || -/ || -/
|-
|}

=== Causative ===
The causative is a verbal form with the meaning of "to make/cause someone/something do something". It is formed with an infixiated verb between the stem of the lexical verb and the inflection of the lexical verb, much like modal and phaseal verbs. Both the lexical verb and the causative infix can be inflected.

The bare causative infix is: '''-ajsk-'''

There are three types of causative derived from the original causative above:
* '''-ajsk-''' is the neutral or default causative that means both "make" and "cause"
* '''-ejst-''' is the volitional causative: to make on purpose, to force
* '''-ojst-''' is the non-volitional causatve: to cause by accident
 
Inflextion of the causative (the agent of the verb) immediately follows the causative infix, and the inflection of the lexical verb is then added to the inflected causative. When negating, the position of the negation depends on what is negated, the lexical verb or the causative infix.

The formation paradigm is as follows: (agent) + (object 1) + [lexical verb]-ajsk-[agent inflection]-[object 1 inflection] + (object 1) + (object 2)

{| class="bluetable lightbluebg collapsible collapsed" style="text-align: center;"
! colspan="17" | Examples without expressed agents and objects 1
|-
! colspan="4" | Example 1 !! rowspan="6" | !! colspan="5" | Example 2 !! rowspan="6" | !! colspan="6" | Example 3
|-
| ávaj || ánnan || -ajsk- || -ajskah-
| šânvaj || šânnanan || -ajsk- || -ajskaih- || winádo
| káulaj || káullan || -ajsk- || -ajskais- || -ajskaiksi- || ýttafa
|-
| ''to go'' || ''you go'' || ''make'' || ''I make''
| ''to rule'' || ''you rule'' || ''make'' || ''I made'' || ''country''
| ''draw'' || ''you draw'' || ''make'' || ''he made'' || ''he made not'' || ''lines''
|-
| colspan="4" | Ánnajskahan.
| colspan="5" | Šânnanajskaihan winádo.
| colspan="6" | Káullajskaiksian ýttafa
|-
| colspan="4" | go-make-I-you
| colspan="5" | rule-make-I-ed-you country
| colspan="6" | draw-make-he-ed-not-you lines
|-
| colspan="4" | ''I make you go.''
| colspan="5" | ''I made you rule the country.''
| colspan="6" | ''He didn't make you draw the lines.''
|}

{| class="bluetable lightbluebg collapsible collapsed" style="text-align: center;"
! colspan="23" | Examples with agents and objects 1 expressed
|-
! colspan="6" | Example 4 !! rowspan="6" | !! colspan="7" | Example 5 !! rowspan="6" | !! colspan="8" | Example 6
|-
| ó || se || ávaj || ánnan || -ajsk- || -ajskah-
| ó || se || šânvaj || šânnanan || -ajsk- || -ajskaih- || winádo
| â || sa || káulaj || káullan || -ajsk- || -ajskais- || -ajskaiksi- || ýttafa.
|-
| ''I'' || ''you'' || ''to go'' || ''you go'' || ''make'' || ''I make''
| ''I'' || ''you'' || ''to rule'' || ''you rule'' || ''make'' || ''I made'' || ''country''
| ''he'' || ''you'' || ''draw'' || ''you draw'' || ''make'' || ''he made'' || ''he made not'' || ''lines''
|-
| colspan="6" | Ó se ánnajskahan. / Ó ánnajskahan se.
| colspan="7" | Ó se šânnanajskaihan winádo. / Ó šânnanajskaihan se winádo.
| colspan="8" | Â sa káullajskaiksian ýttafa. / Â káullajskaiksian sa ýttafa.
|-
| colspan="6" | I you go-make-I-you / I go-make-I-you you
| colspan="7" | I you rule-make-I-ed-you country / I rule-make-I-ed-you you country
| colspan="8" | he you draw-make-he-ed-not-you lines / he draw-make-he-ed-not-you you lines
|-
| colspan="6" | ''I make you go.''
| colspan="7" | ''I made you rule the country.''
| colspan="8" | ''He didn't make you draw the lines.''
|}

Other examples:
* Ánnajskaiha'''ŋe'''.
** ''I made you '''not''' go.''
* Ánnajskaikeaŋe. / Ánnajskaikehaŋe.
** ''I didn't make you not go.''
* Ánnajskalléhan. / Ánnajskalléhahan.
** ''I can make you go.''
* Ánnajskallékehan.
** ''I can't make you go.''
* Ánnajskallékehaŋe.
** ''I can't make you not go.''
* Ánnajskalléketeŋe.
** ''I can't not make you not go.''

== ''Álaj'' (to be) ==
{{Main|Álaj (verb)}}

== Auxiliary verbs ==
Several verbs have clitic forms, sometimes they act as infixes, too. In first person, they're simply added to the conjugational suffix; in second and third person, they're inserted between the vowel(s) and the final consonant of the conjugational suffix.

Three main types of auxiliary verbs are:
# modal verbs
# phaseal verbs
# verbs of movement
 
Examples:
* ''Vétta.'' → ''Vétta'''nné'''.''
** I give. → I have to give.
* ''Véttos.'' → ''Vétto'''nné'''s.''
** They give. → They have to give.
* ''Nótta.''→ ''Nótta'''nój'''.''
** I work. → I start to work.
* ''Nóttos.''→ ''Nótto'''nój'''s.''
** They work. → They start to work.

{| class="bluetable lightbluebg collapsible collapsed"
! colspan="3" | Auxiliary verbs
|-
! Full form !! Clitic !! English
|-
| álvaj || -nnó || ''to wish''
|-
| élvaj || -nní || ''to wish''
|-
| évivaj || -nné || ''have to'', ''must''
|-
| vírvij || -ttí || ''can'', ''to be allowed to''
|-
| óvlaj || -lló || ''can be done'', ''to be possible''
|-
| vélaj || -llé || ''can''
|-
| újelaj || -llú || ''to want''
|-
| - || -ttý || ''to like''
|-
| - || -ttǿ || ''would like''
|-
| ávivaj || -nná || ''should''
|-
| ǿlvaj || -nnǿ || ''to wish (to oneself)''
|-
| ýlvaj || -nný || ''to wish (to oneself)''
|-
| nášlaj || -llá || ''to manage'', ''to be able to''
|-
| || -ttá || ''to go''
|-
|}

{| class="bluetable lightbluebg collapsible collapsed" style="text-align: center;"
! colspan="3" |Phaseal verbs
|-
|-
! Full form !! Clitic !! English
|-
| onóvaj || -nój || ''to begin''
|-
| mâivij || -máj || ''to finish''
|-
| nâivij || -náj || ''to finish/complete''
|-
| hélaj || -héj || ''to stop''
|-
|}

=== Auxilliary verb ''álaj'' (to be) ===
The verb ''to be'' is used as an ausxilliary verb in compound tenses. The auxilliary is fully inflected and the past active participle is inflected only by number. The auxilliary is somewhat special as it has stress on the actual inflection, which is marked. For moods other than the indicative, the indicative '''m-''' is replaced with the appropriate stem.

{| class="bluetable lightbluebg collapsible collapsed"
! colspan="7" | Auxilliary ''álaj'' in the indicative
|-
! rowspan="3" | Person !! colspan="6" | Simple present
|-
! colspan="2" | Singular !! colspan="2" | Dual !! colspan="2" | Plural
|-
! affirm. !! negat. !! affirm. !! negat. !! affirm. !! negat.
|-
! 1st
| má || máke || mé || méke || mó || móke
|-
! 2nd
| mán || máŋe || mén || méŋe || món || móŋe
|-
! 3rd
| más || máksi || més || méksi || mós || móksi
|-
! !! colspan="6" | Simple past
|-
! 1st
| mái || máike || méi || méike || mói || móike
|-
! 2nd
| máin || máiŋe || méin || méiŋe || móin || móiŋe
|-
! 3rd
| máis || máiksi || méis || méiksi || móis || móiksi
|-
! !! colspan="6" | Nonpast
|-
! 1st
| máo || máoke || méo || méoke || móo || móoke
|-
! 2nd
| máon || máoŋe || méon || méoŋe || móon || móoŋe
|-
! 3rd
| máos || máoksi || méos || méoksi || móos || móoksi
|-
! !! colspan="6" | Pluperfect
|-
! 1st
| mǿ || mǿke || mǿi || mǿike || míø || míøke
|-
! 2nd
| mǿn || mǿŋe || mǿin || mǿiŋe || míøn || míøŋe
|-
! 3rd
| mǿs || mǿksi || mǿis || mǿiksi || míøs || míøksi
|-
! !! colspan="6" | Remote past
|-
! 1st
| máe || máeke || mée || méeke || móe || móeke
|-
! 2nd
| máen || máeŋe || méen || méeŋe || -oen || -oeŋe
|-
! 3rd
| máes || máeksi || mées || méeksi || -oes || -oeksi
|-
! !! colspan="6" | Simple future
|-
! 1st
| máu || máuke || méu || méuke || móu || móuke
|-
! 2nd
| máun || máuŋe || méun || méuŋe || móun || móouŋe
|-
! 3rd
| máus || máuksi || méus || méuksi || móus || móuksi
|-
! !! colspan="6" | Nonfuture
|-
! 1st
| mĕ || mĕke || mĕi || mĕike || míë || míëke
|-
! 2nd
| mĕn || mĕŋe || mĕin || mĕiŋe || míën || míëŋe
|-
! 3rd
| mĕs || mĕksi || mĕis || mĕiksi || míës || míëksi
|-
! !! colspan="6" | Future anterior
|-
! 1st
| mý || mýke || mýi || mýike || míy || míyke
|-
! 2nd
| mýn || mýŋe || mýin || mýiŋe || míyn || míyŋe
|-
! 3rd
| mýs || mýksi || mýis || mýiksi || míys || míyksi
|-
! !! colspan="6" | Future-in-the-past
|-
! 1st
| máa || máake || méa || méake || móa || móake
|-
! 2nd
| máan || máaŋe || méan || méaŋe || móan || móaŋe
|-
! 3rd
| máas || máaksi || méas || méaksi || móas || móaksi
|-
|}
 
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg collapsible collapsed" style="text-align: center;"
! colspan="3" | Mood stems
|-
! Mood !! Formation !! ''Example''
|-
! Generic
| enn- || ''enná''
|-
! Conditional
| enm- || ''enmá''
|-
! Subjunctive
| enl- || ''enlá''
|-
! Optative
| enk- || ''enká''
|-
! Jussive
| enh- || ''enhá''
|-
! Reputative
| enr- || ''enrá''
|-
! Presumptive
| eng- || ''engá''
|-
! Potential
| ens- || ''ensá''
|-
! If-potential
| env- || ''envá''
|-
! Admirative
| ent- || ''entá''
|-
|}

== Non-finite forms ==

=== Infinitives ===
==== First infinitive ====
The first infinitive is the basic form of verbs. It is a marked form, the suffixes are ''-vaj'', ''-laj'' and ''-vij''. Each suffix corresponds to one verbal class and each class undergoes a different change when conjugating.

==== Purposive (second infinitive) ====
The purposive or the second infinitive is a form derived from the first infititive. It can be used with one case, the benefactive, although it is mainly omitted; it usually indicates intention. Stem lenghtening does not apply. When combined with reflexive verbs, the forms are slightly changed (shown in brackets).

The forms are:
* -vij → '''-vyyn''' ('''-vyen''')
* -laj → '''-laan''' ('''-laen''')
* -vaj → '''-vøøn''' ('''-vøen''')

==== Immediative ====
The immediative or the third infititive is a form of the verb meaning "to be just about to ..." . It is different from other infinitives because it is formed from two parts. One part is always attached to the verb while the other is the actual infinitival suffix which is removed when conjugated. Stem lenghtening applies.

The forms are:
* -vij → '''-(t)einviaj'''
* -laj → '''-(l)ainlaaj'''
* -vaj → '''-(n)oinvaaj'''
 
Example:
Example:
* vévij → vétteinviaj → vétteina
** ''to give → to be about to give → I'm about to give
*névvaj → névvannoinvaaj → névvannoina
** ''to teach → to be about to teach → I'm about to teach''

==== Progressive infinitive ====
The progressive infinitive (or the fourth infinitive) is the basic form of verb indicating progressiveness. Both imperfective and perfective verbs can become progressive. The progressive form expresses an action taking place at the moment of speaking. The progressive infinitive is similar to the third infinitive because it's formed from two parts. One part is always attached to the verb while the other is the actual infinitival suffix which is removed when conjugated. Stem lenghtening applies.

The forms are:
* -vij → '''-(t)eusvinj'''
* -laj → '''-(l)auslanj'''
* -vaj → '''-(n)ousvanj'''
 
Example:
* vévij → vétteusvinj → vétteusa
** ''to give → to be giving → I'm giving [at this moment]''
*névvaj → névvannousvanj → névvannousa
** ''to teach → to be teaching → I'm teaching [at this moment]''

==== Reflexive infinitive ====
The reflexive infinitive (or the fifth infinitive) is the basic form of reflexive verbs. There are two types, one ending in ''-ej'' and one ending in ''-ij''. Stem lenghtening does not apply.

The forms are:
* -vij → '''-viej''', '''-viij'''
* -laj → '''-laej''', '''-laij'''
* -vaj → '''-vaej''', '''-vaij'''

=== Supines ===
==== First supine ====
The first supine is a form of verbs used after modal verbs (when they are used in their full form instead of the clitic form). Stem lenghtening applies.

The forms are:
* -vij → '''-tia''' (type I, II and III verbs), '''-ia''' (type IV and V verbs)
* -laj → '''-tie''' (type I, II and III verbs), '''-ie''' (type IV and V verbs)
* -vaj → '''-tio''' (type I, II and III verbs), '''-io''' (type IV and V verbs)
 
''NOTE:'' Verbs of the type I shorten the geminate consonant of the lenghtened stem:
* -tt- → -t-
* -ll- → -l-
* -nn- → -n-

==== Second supine ====
The second supine is a form of verbs used after phaseal verbs and verbs of movement. Stem lenghtening applies.

The forms are:
* -vij → '''-tiau''' (type I, II and III verbs), '''-iau''' (type IV and V verbs)
* -laj → '''-tieu''' (type I, II and III verbs), '''-ieu''' (type IV and V verbs)
* -vaj → '''-tiou''' (type I, II and III verbs), '''-iou''' (type IV and V verbs)
 
''NOTE:'' Verbs of the type I shorten the geminate consonant of the lenghtened stem:
* -tt- → -t-
* -ll- → -l-
* -nn- → -n-

=== Gerunds and participles ===
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg collapsible collapsed" style="text-align: center;"
! colspan="6" | Overview of gerunds and participles
|-
! !! -VIJ forms!! -LAJ forms !! -VAJ forms !! Stem !! ''Meaning''
|-
! Gerund (verbal noun)
| -voi || -loi || -noi || no, C1 || ''Nominalised verb.''
|-
! Present Gerundive (Present Active Gerund I)
| -(i)tat || -(i)lat || -(i)nat || yes || ''Simultaneous events.''
|-
! Adverbial Gerundive (Present Active Gerund II)
| -(i)taot || -(i)laot || -(i)naot || yes || ''An adverb of manner.''
|-
! Past Gerundive (Past Active Gerund)
| | -(i)tait || -(i)lait || -(i)nait || yes || ''An action completed prior to the action of the main verb.''
|-
! Relative Participle (Present Active Participle)
| -(i)ti / -iei- || -(i)di / -iei- || -(i)ni / -iei- || yes || ''Adjectvies, replace certain relative clauses.''
|-
! Qualitative Participle (Past Active Participle II)
| -(i)tui / -iyi- || -(i)dui / -iyi- || -(i)nui / -iyi- || yes || ''Adjectvies, a quality acquired through action in the past.''
|-
! Adjectival Participle (Past Passive Participle)
| -isi || -isi || -isi || no || ''Adjectives.''
|-
! Descriptive Participle (Past Active Participle I)
| -rii ''(sg)'' -rie ''(du)'' -ria ''(pl)''|| | -nii ''(sg)'' -nie ''(du)'' -nia ''(pl)''|| | -gii ''(sg)'' -gie ''(du)'' -gia ''(pl)'' || yes* || ''Participles used to form compound tenses.''
|}

'''NOTE:''' Verbs of the type I shorten the geminate consonant of the lenghtened stem:
* -tt- → -t-
* -ll- → -l-
* -nn- → -n-

== Reflexive verbs ==
There are two types of reflexive verbs, the '''-ej''' verbs and the '''-ij''' verbs (indicated as ''-viej, -viij, -laej, -laij, -vaej, -vaij''). Their forms change depending on the person and number; and are attached to the verb.

{| class="bluetable lightbluebg collapsible collapsed" style="text-align: center;"
! colspan="4" | Reflexive suffixes
|-
! rowspan="2" | Number !! rowspan="2" | Person !! -EJ !! -IJ
|-
! clitic !! clitic
|-
! rowspan="3" | Singular !! 1st
| -re || -ro
|-
! 2nd
| -ne || -no
|-
! 3rd
| -se || -so
|-
! rowspan="3" | Dual !! 1st
| -ri || -ru
|-
! 2nd
| -ni || -nu
|-
! 3rd
| -si || -su
|-
! rowspan="3" | Plural !! 1st
| -ra || -rë
|-
! 2nd
| -na || -në
|-
! 3rd
| -sa || -së
|-
|}

== Gradation of verbs ==

== Verbal emphasis ==

[[Category:Laefêvëši]]

Laefêvëši/Verbs

2014-11-22T00:01:13Z

Ashucky: /* Gerunds and participles */

'''Laefêvëši''' verbs are highly inflected.
{{TOC right}}
== Characteristics ==
<big>'''Types'''</big> 
Lexical verbs (full meaning)
* verbs of movement
Auxiliary verbs:
* phaseal verbs
* modal verbs
* the verb ''álaj'' (to be)

<big>'''Classes'''</big> 
Three classes:
# verbs on '''-vij'''
# verbs on '''-laj'''
# verbs on '''-vaj'''

<big>'''Number'''</big> 
Numbers:
* singular
* dual
* plural

<big>'''Aspect'''</big> 
# Perfective aspect
# Imperfective aspect

<big>'''Mood'''</big> 
Realis moods:
* Indicative
* Generic
Irrealis moods:
* Conditional
* Subjunctive
* Optative
* Jussive
* Reputative
* Presumptive
* Potential
* Hypothetical
* Admirative
* Imperative
* Inferencial/renarrative

<big>'''Tenses'''</big> 
Simple tenses:
* simple present
* simple past
* remote past
* nonpast
* pluperfect
* simple future
* future anterior
* nonfuture
* future-in-the-past

== Conjugation ==

=== Stem lengthening ===
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg collapsible collapsed"
! colspan="6" | Stem lengthening
|-
! Class !! Type I !! Type II !! Type III !! Type IV !! Type V
|-
! -VIJ
| -Vvij → -Vtt- || -[V]Jvij → -[V]Jat- || -[V]Kvij → -[V]KKat- || -CCvij → -CCi- || -[V]GGëvij → -[V]GGi-
|-
! -LAJ
| -Vlaj → -Vll- || -[V]Jlaj → -[V]Jal- || -[V]Klaj → -[V]KKal- || -CClaj → -CCu- || -[V]GGëlaj → -[V]GGu-
|-
! -VAJ
| -Vvaj → -Vnn- || -[V]Jvaj → -[V]Jan- || -[V]Kvaj → -[V]KKan- || -CCvaj → -CCi- || -[V]GGëvaj → -[V]GGi-
|-
! colspan="6" | Example
|-
! -VIJ
| návij → ná'''tt'''- || ná'''š'''vij → ná'''šat'''- || ná'''n'''vij → ná'''nnat'''- || ná'''nd'''vij → ná'''ndi'''- || ná'''nnë'''vij → ná'''nni'''-
|-
! -LAJ
| nálaj → ná'''ll'''- || ná'''š'''laj → ná'''šal'''- || ná'''n'''laj → ná'''nnal'''- || ná'''nd'''laj → ná'''ndu'''- || ná'''nnë'''laj → nná'''nnu'''-
|-
! -VAJ
| návaj → ná'''nn'''- || ná'''š'''vaj → ná'''šan'''- || ná'''n'''vaj → ná'''nnan'''- || ná'''nd'''vaj → ná'''ndi'''- || ná'''nnë'''vaj → ná'''nni'''-
|}

=== Tenses ===
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg collapsible collapsed"
! colspan="9" | Conjugation according to tense
|-
! rowspan="3" | Person !! colspan="6" | Simple present
|-
! colspan="2" | Singular !! colspan="2" | Dual !! colspan="2" | Plural
|-
! affirm. !! negat. !! affirm. !! negat. !! affirm. !! negat.
|-
! 1st
| -a || -ake || -e || -eke || -o || -oke
|-
! 2nd
| -an || -aŋe || -en || -eŋe || -on || -oŋe
|-
! 3rd
| -as || -aksi || -es || -eksi || -os || -oksi
|-
! !! colspan="6" | Simple past
|-
! 1st
| -ai || -aike || -ei || -eike || -oi || -oike
|-
! 2nd
| -ain || -aiŋe || -ein || -eiŋe || -oin || -oiŋe
|-
! 3rd
| -ais || -aiksi || -eis || -eiksi || -ois || -oiksi
|-
! !! colspan="6" | Nonpast
|-
! 1st
| -ao || -aoke || -eo || -eoke || -oo || -ooke
|-
! 2nd
| -aon || -aoŋe || -eon || -eoŋe || -oon || -ooŋe
|-
! 3rd
| -aos || -aoksi || -eos || -eoksi || -oos || -ooksi
|-
! !! colspan="6" | Pluperfect
|-
! 1st
| -ø || -øke || -øi || -øike || -iø || -iøke
|-
! 2nd
| -øn || -øŋe || -øin || -øiŋe || -iøn || -iøŋe
|-
! 3rd
| -øs || -øksi || -øis || -øiksi || -iøs || -iøksi
|-
! !! colspan="6" | Remote past
|-
! 1st
| -ae || -aeke || -ee || -eeke || -oe || -oeke
|-
! 2nd
| -aen || -aeŋe || -een || -eeŋe || -oen || -oeŋe
|-
! 3rd
| -aes || -aeksi || -ees || -eeksi || -oes || -oeksi
|-
! !! colspan="6" | Simple future
|-
! 1st
| -au || -auke || -eu || -euke || -ou || -ouke
|-
! 2nd
| -aun || -auŋe || -eun || -euŋe || -oun || -ouŋe
|-
! 3rd
| -aus || -auksi || -eus || -euksi || -ous || -ouksi
|-
! !! colspan="6" | Nonfuture
|-
! 1st
| -ë || -ëke || -ëi || -ëike || -ië || -iëke
|-
! 2nd
| -ën || -ëŋe || -ëin || -ëiŋe || -iën || -iëŋe
|-
! 3rd
| -ës || -ëksi || -ëis || -ëiksi || -iës || -iëksi
|-
! !! colspan="6" | Future anterior
|-
! 1st
| -y || -yke || -yi || -yike || -iy || -iyke
|-
! 2nd
| -yn || -yŋe || -yin || -yiŋe || -iyn || -iyŋe
|-
! 3rd
| -ys || -yksi || -yis || -yiksi || -iys || -iyksi
|-
! !! colspan="6" | Future-in-the-past
|-
! 1st
| -aa || -aake || -ea || -eake || -oa || -oake
|-
! 2nd
| -aan || -aaŋe || -ean || -eaŋe || -oan || -oaŋe
|-
! 3rd
| -aas || -aaksi || -eas || -eaksi || -oas || -oaksi
|-
|}

==== Compound tenses ====
Compound tenses are formed with the auxilliary verb ''álaj'' (to be) and past active participle.

Compound tenses are rarely used, and when they are, usually there's a clause inserted between the auxilliary and the past active participle.

=== Moods ===
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg collapsible collapsed" style="text-align: center;"
! colspan="3" | Mood suffixes
|-
! Mood !! Long form !! Short form
|-
! Indicative
| -/ || -/
|-
! Generic
| -an || -n
|-
! Conditional
| -am || -m
|-
! Subjunctive
| -al || -l
|-
! Optative
| -ak || -k
|-
! Jussive
| -ah || -h
|-
! Reputative
| -ar || -r
|-
! Presumptive
| -ag || -g
|-
! Potential
| -as || -s
|-
! Hypothetical
| -av || -v
|-
! Admirative
| -at || -t
|-
|}

==== Imperative ====
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg collapsible collapsed" style="text-align: center;"
! colspan="7" | Imperative conjugation
|-
! rowspan="3" | Person !! colspan="6" | Imperative
|-
! colspan="2" | Singular !! colspan="2" | Dual !! colspan="2" | Plural
|-
! affirm. !! negat. !! affirm. !! negat. !! affirm. !! negat.
|-
! 1st
| -/ || -/ || -et(e) || -ekt(e) || -ot(o) || -okt(e)
|-
! 2nd
| -ar(a) || -ark(e) || -er(e) || -erk(e) || -or(o) || -ork(e)
|-
! 3rd
| -/ || -/ || -/ || -/ || -/ || -/
|-
|}

=== Causative ===
The causative is a verbal form with the meaning of "to make/cause someone/something do something". It is formed with an infixiated verb between the stem of the lexical verb and the inflection of the lexical verb, much like modal and phaseal verbs. Both the lexical verb and the causative infix can be inflected.

The bare causative infix is: '''-ajsk-'''

There are three types of causative derived from the original causative above:
* '''-ajsk-''' is the neutral or default causative that means both "make" and "cause"
* '''-ejst-''' is the volitional causative: to make on purpose, to force
* '''-ojst-''' is the non-volitional causatve: to cause by accident
 
Inflextion of the causative (the agent of the verb) immediately follows the causative infix, and the inflection of the lexical verb is then added to the inflected causative. When negating, the position of the negation depends on what is negated, the lexical verb or the causative infix.

The formation paradigm is as follows: (agent) + (object 1) + [lexical verb]-ajsk-[agent inflection]-[object 1 inflection] + (object 1) + (object 2)

{| class="bluetable lightbluebg collapsible collapsed" style="text-align: center;"
! colspan="17" | Examples without expressed agents and objects 1
|-
! colspan="4" | Example 1 !! rowspan="6" | !! colspan="5" | Example 2 !! rowspan="6" | !! colspan="6" | Example 3
|-
| ávaj || ánnan || -ajsk- || -ajskah-
| šânvaj || šânnanan || -ajsk- || -ajskaih- || winádo
| káulaj || káullan || -ajsk- || -ajskais- || -ajskaiksi- || ýttafa
|-
| ''to go'' || ''you go'' || ''make'' || ''I make''
| ''to rule'' || ''you rule'' || ''make'' || ''I made'' || ''country''
| ''draw'' || ''you draw'' || ''make'' || ''he made'' || ''he made not'' || ''lines''
|-
| colspan="4" | Ánnajskahan.
| colspan="5" | Šânnanajskaihan winádo.
| colspan="6" | Káullajskaiksian ýttafa
|-
| colspan="4" | go-make-I-you
| colspan="5" | rule-make-I-ed-you country
| colspan="6" | draw-make-he-ed-not-you lines
|-
| colspan="4" | ''I make you go.''
| colspan="5" | ''I made you rule the country.''
| colspan="6" | ''He didn't make you draw the lines.''
|}

{| class="bluetable lightbluebg collapsible collapsed" style="text-align: center;"
! colspan="23" | Examples with agents and objects 1 expressed
|-
! colspan="6" | Example 4 !! rowspan="6" | !! colspan="7" | Example 5 !! rowspan="6" | !! colspan="8" | Example 6
|-
| ó || se || ávaj || ánnan || -ajsk- || -ajskah-
| ó || se || šânvaj || šânnanan || -ajsk- || -ajskaih- || winádo
| â || sa || káulaj || káullan || -ajsk- || -ajskais- || -ajskaiksi- || ýttafa.
|-
| ''I'' || ''you'' || ''to go'' || ''you go'' || ''make'' || ''I make''
| ''I'' || ''you'' || ''to rule'' || ''you rule'' || ''make'' || ''I made'' || ''country''
| ''he'' || ''you'' || ''draw'' || ''you draw'' || ''make'' || ''he made'' || ''he made not'' || ''lines''
|-
| colspan="6" | Ó se ánnajskahan. / Ó ánnajskahan se.
| colspan="7" | Ó se šânnanajskaihan winádo. / Ó šânnanajskaihan se winádo.
| colspan="8" | Â sa káullajskaiksian ýttafa. / Â káullajskaiksian sa ýttafa.
|-
| colspan="6" | I you go-make-I-you / I go-make-I-you you
| colspan="7" | I you rule-make-I-ed-you country / I rule-make-I-ed-you you country
| colspan="8" | he you draw-make-he-ed-not-you lines / he draw-make-he-ed-not-you you lines
|-
| colspan="6" | ''I make you go.''
| colspan="7" | ''I made you rule the country.''
| colspan="8" | ''He didn't make you draw the lines.''
|}

Other examples:
* Ánnajskaiha'''ŋe'''.
** ''I made you '''not''' go.''
* Ánnajskaikeaŋe. / Ánnajskaikehaŋe.
** ''I didn't make you not go.''
* Ánnajskalléhan. / Ánnajskalléhahan.
** ''I can make you go.''
* Ánnajskallékehan.
** ''I can't make you go.''
* Ánnajskallékehaŋe.
** ''I can't make you not go.''
* Ánnajskalléketeŋe.
** ''I can't not make you not go.''

== ''Álaj'' (to be) ==
{{Main|Álaj (verb)}}

== Auxiliary verbs ==
Several verbs have clitic forms, sometimes they act as infixes, too. In first person, they're simply added to the conjugational suffix; in second and third person, they're inserted between the vowel(s) and the final consonant of the conjugational suffix.

Three main types of auxiliary verbs are:
# modal verbs
# phaseal verbs
# verbs of movement
 
Examples:
* ''Vétta.'' → ''Vétta'''nné'''.''
** I give. → I have to give.
* ''Véttos.'' → ''Vétto'''nné'''s.''
** They give. → They have to give.
* ''Nótta.''→ ''Nótta'''nój'''.''
** I work. → I start to work.
* ''Nóttos.''→ ''Nótto'''nój'''s.''
** They work. → They start to work.

{| class="bluetable lightbluebg collapsible collapsed"
! colspan="3" | Auxiliary verbs
|-
! Full form !! Clitic !! English
|-
| álvaj || -nnó || ''to wish''
|-
| élvaj || -nní || ''to wish''
|-
| évivaj || -nné || ''have to'', ''must''
|-
| vírvij || -ttí || ''can'', ''to be allowed to''
|-
| óvlaj || -lló || ''can be done'', ''to be possible''
|-
| vélaj || -llé || ''can''
|-
| újelaj || -llú || ''to want''
|-
| - || -ttý || ''to like''
|-
| - || -ttǿ || ''would like''
|-
| ávivaj || -nná || ''should''
|-
| ǿlvaj || -nnǿ || ''to wish (to oneself)''
|-
| ýlvaj || -nný || ''to wish (to oneself)''
|-
| nášlaj || -llá || ''to manage'', ''to be able to''
|-
| || -ttá || ''to go''
|-
|}

{| class="bluetable lightbluebg collapsible collapsed" style="text-align: center;"
! colspan="3" |Phaseal verbs
|-
|-
! Full form !! Clitic !! English
|-
| onóvaj || -nój || ''to begin''
|-
| mâivij || -máj || ''to finish''
|-
| nâivij || -náj || ''to finish/complete''
|-
| hélaj || -héj || ''to stop''
|-
|}

=== Auxilliary verb ''álaj'' (to be) ===
The verb ''to be'' is used as an ausxilliary verb in compound tenses. The auxilliary is fully inflected and the past active participle is inflected only by number. The auxilliary is somewhat special as it has stress on the actual inflection, which is marked. For moods other than the indicative, the indicative '''m-''' is replaced with the appropriate stem.

{| class="bluetable lightbluebg collapsible collapsed"
! colspan="7" | Auxilliary ''álaj'' in the indicative
|-
! rowspan="3" | Person !! colspan="6" | Simple present
|-
! colspan="2" | Singular !! colspan="2" | Dual !! colspan="2" | Plural
|-
! affirm. !! negat. !! affirm. !! negat. !! affirm. !! negat.
|-
! 1st
| má || máke || mé || méke || mó || móke
|-
! 2nd
| mán || máŋe || mén || méŋe || món || móŋe
|-
! 3rd
| más || máksi || més || méksi || mós || móksi
|-
! !! colspan="6" | Simple past
|-
! 1st
| mái || máike || méi || méike || mói || móike
|-
! 2nd
| máin || máiŋe || méin || méiŋe || móin || móiŋe
|-
! 3rd
| máis || máiksi || méis || méiksi || móis || móiksi
|-
! !! colspan="6" | Nonpast
|-
! 1st
| máo || máoke || méo || méoke || móo || móoke
|-
! 2nd
| máon || máoŋe || méon || méoŋe || móon || móoŋe
|-
! 3rd
| máos || máoksi || méos || méoksi || móos || móoksi
|-
! !! colspan="6" | Pluperfect
|-
! 1st
| mǿ || mǿke || mǿi || mǿike || míø || míøke
|-
! 2nd
| mǿn || mǿŋe || mǿin || mǿiŋe || míøn || míøŋe
|-
! 3rd
| mǿs || mǿksi || mǿis || mǿiksi || míøs || míøksi
|-
! !! colspan="6" | Remote past
|-
! 1st
| máe || máeke || mée || méeke || móe || móeke
|-
! 2nd
| máen || máeŋe || méen || méeŋe || -oen || -oeŋe
|-
! 3rd
| máes || máeksi || mées || méeksi || -oes || -oeksi
|-
! !! colspan="6" | Simple future
|-
! 1st
| máu || máuke || méu || méuke || móu || móuke
|-
! 2nd
| máun || máuŋe || méun || méuŋe || móun || móouŋe
|-
! 3rd
| máus || máuksi || méus || méuksi || móus || móuksi
|-
! !! colspan="6" | Nonfuture
|-
! 1st
| mĕ || mĕke || mĕi || mĕike || míë || míëke
|-
! 2nd
| mĕn || mĕŋe || mĕin || mĕiŋe || míën || míëŋe
|-
! 3rd
| mĕs || mĕksi || mĕis || mĕiksi || míës || míëksi
|-
! !! colspan="6" | Future anterior
|-
! 1st
| mý || mýke || mýi || mýike || míy || míyke
|-
! 2nd
| mýn || mýŋe || mýin || mýiŋe || míyn || míyŋe
|-
! 3rd
| mýs || mýksi || mýis || mýiksi || míys || míyksi
|-
! !! colspan="6" | Future-in-the-past
|-
! 1st
| máa || máake || méa || méake || móa || móake
|-
! 2nd
| máan || máaŋe || méan || méaŋe || móan || móaŋe
|-
! 3rd
| máas || máaksi || méas || méaksi || móas || móaksi
|-
|}
 
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg collapsible collapsed" style="text-align: center;"
! colspan="3" | Mood stems
|-
! Mood !! Formation !! ''Example''
|-
! Generic
| enn- || ''enná''
|-
! Conditional
| enm- || ''enmá''
|-
! Subjunctive
| enl- || ''enlá''
|-
! Optative
| enk- || ''enká''
|-
! Jussive
| enh- || ''enhá''
|-
! Reputative
| enr- || ''enrá''
|-
! Presumptive
| eng- || ''engá''
|-
! Potential
| ens- || ''ensá''
|-
! If-potential
| env- || ''envá''
|-
! Admirative
| ent- || ''entá''
|-
|}

== Non-finite forms ==

=== Infinitives ===
==== First infinitive ====
The first infinitive is the basic form of verbs. It is a marked form, the suffixes are ''-vaj'', ''-laj'' and ''-vij''. Each suffix corresponds to one verbal class and each class undergoes a different change when conjugating.

==== Purposive (second infinitive) ====
The purposive or the second infinitive is a form derived from the first infititive. It can be used with one case, the benefactive, although it is mainly omitted; it usually indicates intention. Stem lenghtening does not apply. When combined with reflexive verbs, the forms are slightly changed (shown in brackets).

The forms are:
* -vij → '''-vyyn''' ('''-vyen''')
* -laj → '''-laan''' ('''-laen''')
* -vaj → '''-vøøn''' ('''-vøen''')

==== Immediative ====
The immediative or the third infititive is a form of the verb meaning "to be just about to ..." . It is different from other infinitives because it is formed from two parts. One part is always attached to the verb while the other is the actual infinitival suffix which is removed when conjugated. Stem lenghtening applies.

The forms are:
* -vij → '''-(t)einviaj'''
* -laj → '''-(l)ainlaaj'''
* -vaj → '''-(n)oinvaaj'''
 
Example:
Example:
* vévij → vétteinviaj → vétteina
** ''to give → to be about to give → I'm about to give
*névvaj → névvannoinvaaj → névvannoina
** ''to teach → to be about to teach → I'm about to teach''

==== Progressive infinitive ====
The progressive infinitive (or the fourth infinitive) is the basic form of verb indicating progressiveness. Both imperfective and perfective verbs can become progressive. The progressive form expresses an action taking place at the moment of speaking. The progressive infinitive is similar to the third infinitive because it's formed from two parts. One part is always attached to the verb while the other is the actual infinitival suffix which is removed when conjugated. Stem lenghtening applies.

The forms are:
* -vij → '''-(t)eusvinj'''
* -laj → '''-(l)auslanj'''
* -vaj → '''-(n)ousvanj'''
 
Example:
* vévij → vétteusvinj → vétteusa
** ''to give → to be giving → I'm giving [at this moment]''
*névvaj → névvannousvanj → névvannousa
** ''to teach → to be teaching → I'm teaching [at this moment]''

==== Reflexive infinitive ====
The reflexive infinitive (or the fifth infinitive) is the basic form of reflexive verbs. There are two types, one ending in ''-ej'' and one ending in ''-ij''. Stem lenghtening does not apply.

The forms are:
* -vij → '''-viej''', '''-viij'''
* -laj → '''-laej''', '''-laij'''
* -vaj → '''-vaej''', '''-vaij'''

=== Supines ===
==== First supine ====
The first supine is a form of verbs used after modal verbs (when they are used in their full form instead of the clitic form). Stem lenghtening applies.

The forms are:
* -vij → '''-tia''' (type I, II and III verbs), '''-ia''' (type IV and V verbs)
* -laj → '''-tie''' (type I, II and III verbs), '''-ie''' (type IV and V verbs)
* -vaj → '''-tio''' (type I, II and III verbs), '''-io''' (type IV and V verbs)
 
''NOTE:'' Verbs of the type I shorten the geminate consonant of the lenghtened stem:
* -tt- → -t-
* -ll- → -l-
* -nn- → -n-

==== Second supine ====
The second supine is a form of verbs used after phaseal verbs and verbs of movement. Stem lenghtening applies.

The forms are:
* -vij → '''-tiau''' (type I, II and III verbs), '''-iau''' (type IV and V verbs)
* -laj → '''-tieu''' (type I, II and III verbs), '''-ieu''' (type IV and V verbs)
* -vaj → '''-tiou''' (type I, II and III verbs), '''-iou''' (type IV and V verbs)
 
''NOTE:'' Verbs of the type I shorten the geminate consonant of the lenghtened stem:
* -tt- → -t-
* -ll- → -l-
* -nn- → -n-

=== Gerunds and participles ===
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg collapsible collapsed" style="text-align: center;"
! colspan="6" | Overview of gerunds and participles
|-
! !! -VIJ forms!! -LAJ forms !! -VAJ forms !! Stem !! ''Meaning''
|-
! Gerund (verbal noun)
| -voi || -loi || -noi || no, C1 || ''Nominalised verb.''
|-
! Present Gerundiv (Present Active Gerund I)
| -(i)tat || -(i)lat || -(i)nat || yes || ''Simultaneous events.''
|-
! Adverbial Gerundive (Present Active Gerund II)
| -(i)taot || -(i)laot || -(i)naot || yes || ''An adverb of manner.''
|-
! Past Gerundive (Past Active Gerund)
| | -(i)tait || -(i)lait || -(i)nait || yes || ''An action completed prior to the action of the main verb.''
|-
! Relative Participle (Present Active Participle)
| -(i)ti / -iei- || -(i)di / -iei- || -(i)ni / -iei- || yes || ''Adjectvies, replace certain relative clauses.''
|-
! Qualitative Participle (Past Active Participle II)
| -(i)tui / -iyi- || -(i)dui / -iyi- || -(i)nui / -iyi- || yes || ''Adjectvies, a quality acquired through action in the past.''
|-
! Adjectival Participle (Past Passive Participle)
| -isi || -isi || -isi || no || ''Adjectives.''
|-
! Descriptive Participle (Past Active Participle I)
| -rii ''(sg)'' -rie ''(du)'' -ria ''(pl)''|| | -nii ''(sg)'' -nie ''(du)'' -nia ''(pl)''|| | -gii ''(sg)'' -gie ''(du)'' -gia ''(pl)'' || yes* || ''Participles used to form compound tenses.''
|}

'''NOTE:''' Verbs of the type I shorten the geminate consonant of the lenghtened stem:
* -tt- → -t-
* -ll- → -l-
* -nn- → -n-

== Reflexive verbs ==
There are two types of reflexive verbs, the '''-ej''' verbs and the '''-ij''' verbs (indicated as ''-viej, -viij, -laej, -laij, -vaej, -vaij''). Their forms change depending on the person and number; and are attached to the verb.

{| class="bluetable lightbluebg collapsible collapsed" style="text-align: center;"
! colspan="4" | Reflexive suffixes
|-
! rowspan="2" | Number !! rowspan="2" | Person !! -EJ !! -IJ
|-
! clitic !! clitic
|-
! rowspan="3" | Singular !! 1st
| -re || -ro
|-
! 2nd
| -ne || -no
|-
! 3rd
| -se || -so
|-
! rowspan="3" | Dual !! 1st
| -ri || -ru
|-
! 2nd
| -ni || -nu
|-
! 3rd
| -si || -su
|-
! rowspan="3" | Plural !! 1st
| -ra || -rë
|-
! 2nd
| -na || -në
|-
! 3rd
| -sa || -së
|-
|}

== Gradation of verbs ==

== Verbal emphasis ==

[[Category:Laefêvëši]]

Laefêvëši/Verbs

2014-11-21T22:14:34Z

Ashucky: /* Causative */

'''Laefêvëši''' verbs are highly inflected.
{{TOC right}}
== Characteristics ==
<big>'''Types'''</big> 
Lexical verbs (full meaning)
* verbs of movement
Auxiliary verbs:
* phaseal verbs
* modal verbs
* the verb ''álaj'' (to be)

<big>'''Classes'''</big> 
Three classes:
# verbs on '''-vij'''
# verbs on '''-laj'''
# verbs on '''-vaj'''

<big>'''Number'''</big> 
Numbers:
* singular
* dual
* plural

<big>'''Aspect'''</big> 
# Perfective aspect
# Imperfective aspect

<big>'''Mood'''</big> 
Realis moods:
* Indicative
* Generic
Irrealis moods:
* Conditional
* Subjunctive
* Optative
* Jussive
* Reputative
* Presumptive
* Potential
* Hypothetical
* Admirative
* Imperative
* Inferencial/renarrative

<big>'''Tenses'''</big> 
Simple tenses:
* simple present
* simple past
* remote past
* nonpast
* pluperfect
* simple future
* future anterior
* nonfuture
* future-in-the-past

== Conjugation ==

=== Stem lengthening ===
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg collapsible collapsed"
! colspan="6" | Stem lengthening
|-
! Class !! Type I !! Type II !! Type III !! Type IV !! Type V
|-
! -VIJ
| -Vvij → -Vtt- || -[V]Jvij → -[V]Jat- || -[V]Kvij → -[V]KKat- || -CCvij → -CCi- || -[V]GGëvij → -[V]GGi-
|-
! -LAJ
| -Vlaj → -Vll- || -[V]Jlaj → -[V]Jal- || -[V]Klaj → -[V]KKal- || -CClaj → -CCu- || -[V]GGëlaj → -[V]GGu-
|-
! -VAJ
| -Vvaj → -Vnn- || -[V]Jvaj → -[V]Jan- || -[V]Kvaj → -[V]KKan- || -CCvaj → -CCi- || -[V]GGëvaj → -[V]GGi-
|-
! colspan="6" | Example
|-
! -VIJ
| návij → ná'''tt'''- || ná'''š'''vij → ná'''šat'''- || ná'''n'''vij → ná'''nnat'''- || ná'''nd'''vij → ná'''ndi'''- || ná'''nnë'''vij → ná'''nni'''-
|-
! -LAJ
| nálaj → ná'''ll'''- || ná'''š'''laj → ná'''šal'''- || ná'''n'''laj → ná'''nnal'''- || ná'''nd'''laj → ná'''ndu'''- || ná'''nnë'''laj → nná'''nnu'''-
|-
! -VAJ
| návaj → ná'''nn'''- || ná'''š'''vaj → ná'''šan'''- || ná'''n'''vaj → ná'''nnan'''- || ná'''nd'''vaj → ná'''ndi'''- || ná'''nnë'''vaj → ná'''nni'''-
|}

=== Tenses ===
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg collapsible collapsed"
! colspan="9" | Conjugation according to tense
|-
! rowspan="3" | Person !! colspan="6" | Simple present
|-
! colspan="2" | Singular !! colspan="2" | Dual !! colspan="2" | Plural
|-
! affirm. !! negat. !! affirm. !! negat. !! affirm. !! negat.
|-
! 1st
| -a || -ake || -e || -eke || -o || -oke
|-
! 2nd
| -an || -aŋe || -en || -eŋe || -on || -oŋe
|-
! 3rd
| -as || -aksi || -es || -eksi || -os || -oksi
|-
! !! colspan="6" | Simple past
|-
! 1st
| -ai || -aike || -ei || -eike || -oi || -oike
|-
! 2nd
| -ain || -aiŋe || -ein || -eiŋe || -oin || -oiŋe
|-
! 3rd
| -ais || -aiksi || -eis || -eiksi || -ois || -oiksi
|-
! !! colspan="6" | Nonpast
|-
! 1st
| -ao || -aoke || -eo || -eoke || -oo || -ooke
|-
! 2nd
| -aon || -aoŋe || -eon || -eoŋe || -oon || -ooŋe
|-
! 3rd
| -aos || -aoksi || -eos || -eoksi || -oos || -ooksi
|-
! !! colspan="6" | Pluperfect
|-
! 1st
| -ø || -øke || -øi || -øike || -iø || -iøke
|-
! 2nd
| -øn || -øŋe || -øin || -øiŋe || -iøn || -iøŋe
|-
! 3rd
| -øs || -øksi || -øis || -øiksi || -iøs || -iøksi
|-
! !! colspan="6" | Remote past
|-
! 1st
| -ae || -aeke || -ee || -eeke || -oe || -oeke
|-
! 2nd
| -aen || -aeŋe || -een || -eeŋe || -oen || -oeŋe
|-
! 3rd
| -aes || -aeksi || -ees || -eeksi || -oes || -oeksi
|-
! !! colspan="6" | Simple future
|-
! 1st
| -au || -auke || -eu || -euke || -ou || -ouke
|-
! 2nd
| -aun || -auŋe || -eun || -euŋe || -oun || -ouŋe
|-
! 3rd
| -aus || -auksi || -eus || -euksi || -ous || -ouksi
|-
! !! colspan="6" | Nonfuture
|-
! 1st
| -ë || -ëke || -ëi || -ëike || -ië || -iëke
|-
! 2nd
| -ën || -ëŋe || -ëin || -ëiŋe || -iën || -iëŋe
|-
! 3rd
| -ës || -ëksi || -ëis || -ëiksi || -iës || -iëksi
|-
! !! colspan="6" | Future anterior
|-
! 1st
| -y || -yke || -yi || -yike || -iy || -iyke
|-
! 2nd
| -yn || -yŋe || -yin || -yiŋe || -iyn || -iyŋe
|-
! 3rd
| -ys || -yksi || -yis || -yiksi || -iys || -iyksi
|-
! !! colspan="6" | Future-in-the-past
|-
! 1st
| -aa || -aake || -ea || -eake || -oa || -oake
|-
! 2nd
| -aan || -aaŋe || -ean || -eaŋe || -oan || -oaŋe
|-
! 3rd
| -aas || -aaksi || -eas || -eaksi || -oas || -oaksi
|-
|}

==== Compound tenses ====
Compound tenses are formed with the auxilliary verb ''álaj'' (to be) and past active participle.

Compound tenses are rarely used, and when they are, usually there's a clause inserted between the auxilliary and the past active participle.

=== Moods ===
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg collapsible collapsed" style="text-align: center;"
! colspan="3" | Mood suffixes
|-
! Mood !! Long form !! Short form
|-
! Indicative
| -/ || -/
|-
! Generic
| -an || -n
|-
! Conditional
| -am || -m
|-
! Subjunctive
| -al || -l
|-
! Optative
| -ak || -k
|-
! Jussive
| -ah || -h
|-
! Reputative
| -ar || -r
|-
! Presumptive
| -ag || -g
|-
! Potential
| -as || -s
|-
! Hypothetical
| -av || -v
|-
! Admirative
| -at || -t
|-
|}

==== Imperative ====
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg collapsible collapsed" style="text-align: center;"
! colspan="7" | Imperative conjugation
|-
! rowspan="3" | Person !! colspan="6" | Imperative
|-
! colspan="2" | Singular !! colspan="2" | Dual !! colspan="2" | Plural
|-
! affirm. !! negat. !! affirm. !! negat. !! affirm. !! negat.
|-
! 1st
| -/ || -/ || -et(e) || -ekt(e) || -ot(o) || -okt(e)
|-
! 2nd
| -ar(a) || -ark(e) || -er(e) || -erk(e) || -or(o) || -ork(e)
|-
! 3rd
| -/ || -/ || -/ || -/ || -/ || -/
|-
|}

=== Causative ===
The causative is a verbal form with the meaning of "to make/cause someone/something do something". It is formed with an infixiated verb between the stem of the lexical verb and the inflection of the lexical verb, much like modal and phaseal verbs. Both the lexical verb and the causative infix can be inflected.

The bare causative infix is: '''-ajsk-'''

There are three types of causative derived from the original causative above:
* '''-ajsk-''' is the neutral or default causative that means both "make" and "cause"
* '''-ejst-''' is the volitional causative: to make on purpose, to force
* '''-ojst-''' is the non-volitional causatve: to cause by accident
 
Inflextion of the causative (the agent of the verb) immediately follows the causative infix, and the inflection of the lexical verb is then added to the inflected causative. When negating, the position of the negation depends on what is negated, the lexical verb or the causative infix.

The formation paradigm is as follows: (agent) + (object 1) + [lexical verb]-ajsk-[agent inflection]-[object 1 inflection] + (object 1) + (object 2)

{| class="bluetable lightbluebg collapsible collapsed" style="text-align: center;"
! colspan="17" | Examples without expressed agents and objects 1
|-
! colspan="4" | Example 1 !! rowspan="6" | !! colspan="5" | Example 2 !! rowspan="6" | !! colspan="6" | Example 3
|-
| ávaj || ánnan || -ajsk- || -ajskah-
| šânvaj || šânnanan || -ajsk- || -ajskaih- || winádo
| káulaj || káullan || -ajsk- || -ajskais- || -ajskaiksi- || ýttafa
|-
| ''to go'' || ''you go'' || ''make'' || ''I make''
| ''to rule'' || ''you rule'' || ''make'' || ''I made'' || ''country''
| ''draw'' || ''you draw'' || ''make'' || ''he made'' || ''he made not'' || ''lines''
|-
| colspan="4" | Ánnajskahan.
| colspan="5" | Šânnanajskaihan winádo.
| colspan="6" | Káullajskaiksian ýttafa
|-
| colspan="4" | go-make-I-you
| colspan="5" | rule-make-I-ed-you country
| colspan="6" | draw-make-he-ed-not-you lines
|-
| colspan="4" | ''I make you go.''
| colspan="5" | ''I made you rule the country.''
| colspan="6" | ''He didn't make you draw the lines.''
|}

{| class="bluetable lightbluebg collapsible collapsed" style="text-align: center;"
! colspan="23" | Examples with agents and objects 1 expressed
|-
! colspan="6" | Example 4 !! rowspan="6" | !! colspan="7" | Example 5 !! rowspan="6" | !! colspan="8" | Example 6
|-
| ó || se || ávaj || ánnan || -ajsk- || -ajskah-
| ó || se || šânvaj || šânnanan || -ajsk- || -ajskaih- || winádo
| â || sa || káulaj || káullan || -ajsk- || -ajskais- || -ajskaiksi- || ýttafa.
|-
| ''I'' || ''you'' || ''to go'' || ''you go'' || ''make'' || ''I make''
| ''I'' || ''you'' || ''to rule'' || ''you rule'' || ''make'' || ''I made'' || ''country''
| ''he'' || ''you'' || ''draw'' || ''you draw'' || ''make'' || ''he made'' || ''he made not'' || ''lines''
|-
| colspan="6" | Ó se ánnajskahan. / Ó ánnajskahan se.
| colspan="7" | Ó se šânnanajskaihan winádo. / Ó šânnanajskaihan se winádo.
| colspan="8" | Â sa káullajskaiksian ýttafa. / Â káullajskaiksian sa ýttafa.
|-
| colspan="6" | I you go-make-I-you / I go-make-I-you you
| colspan="7" | I you rule-make-I-ed-you country / I rule-make-I-ed-you you country
| colspan="8" | he you draw-make-he-ed-not-you lines / he draw-make-he-ed-not-you you lines
|-
| colspan="6" | ''I make you go.''
| colspan="7" | ''I made you rule the country.''
| colspan="8" | ''He didn't make you draw the lines.''
|}

Other examples:
* Ánnajskaiha'''ŋe'''.
** ''I made you '''not''' go.''
* Ánnajskaikeaŋe. / Ánnajskaikehaŋe.
** ''I didn't make you not go.''
* Ánnajskalléhan. / Ánnajskalléhahan.
** ''I can make you go.''
* Ánnajskallékehan.
** ''I can't make you go.''
* Ánnajskallékehaŋe.
** ''I can't make you not go.''
* Ánnajskalléketeŋe.
** ''I can't not make you not go.''

== ''Álaj'' (to be) ==
{{Main|Álaj (verb)}}

== Auxiliary verbs ==
Several verbs have clitic forms, sometimes they act as infixes, too. In first person, they're simply added to the conjugational suffix; in second and third person, they're inserted between the vowel(s) and the final consonant of the conjugational suffix.

Three main types of auxiliary verbs are:
# modal verbs
# phaseal verbs
# verbs of movement
 
Examples:
* ''Vétta.'' → ''Vétta'''nné'''.''
** I give. → I have to give.
* ''Véttos.'' → ''Vétto'''nné'''s.''
** They give. → They have to give.
* ''Nótta.''→ ''Nótta'''nój'''.''
** I work. → I start to work.
* ''Nóttos.''→ ''Nótto'''nój'''s.''
** They work. → They start to work.

{| class="bluetable lightbluebg collapsible collapsed"
! colspan="3" | Auxiliary verbs
|-
! Full form !! Clitic !! English
|-
| álvaj || -nnó || ''to wish''
|-
| élvaj || -nní || ''to wish''
|-
| évivaj || -nné || ''have to'', ''must''
|-
| vírvij || -ttí || ''can'', ''to be allowed to''
|-
| óvlaj || -lló || ''can be done'', ''to be possible''
|-
| vélaj || -llé || ''can''
|-
| újelaj || -llú || ''to want''
|-
| - || -ttý || ''to like''
|-
| - || -ttǿ || ''would like''
|-
| ávivaj || -nná || ''should''
|-
| ǿlvaj || -nnǿ || ''to wish (to oneself)''
|-
| ýlvaj || -nný || ''to wish (to oneself)''
|-
| nášlaj || -llá || ''to manage'', ''to be able to''
|-
| || -ttá || ''to go''
|-
|}

{| class="bluetable lightbluebg collapsible collapsed" style="text-align: center;"
! colspan="3" |Phaseal verbs
|-
|-
! Full form !! Clitic !! English
|-
| onóvaj || -nój || ''to begin''
|-
| mâivij || -máj || ''to finish''
|-
| nâivij || -náj || ''to finish/complete''
|-
| hélaj || -héj || ''to stop''
|-
|}

=== Auxilliary verb ''álaj'' (to be) ===
The verb ''to be'' is used as an ausxilliary verb in compound tenses. The auxilliary is fully inflected and the past active participle is inflected only by number. The auxilliary is somewhat special as it has stress on the actual inflection, which is marked. For moods other than the indicative, the indicative '''m-''' is replaced with the appropriate stem.

{| class="bluetable lightbluebg collapsible collapsed"
! colspan="7" | Auxilliary ''álaj'' in the indicative
|-
! rowspan="3" | Person !! colspan="6" | Simple present
|-
! colspan="2" | Singular !! colspan="2" | Dual !! colspan="2" | Plural
|-
! affirm. !! negat. !! affirm. !! negat. !! affirm. !! negat.
|-
! 1st
| má || máke || mé || méke || mó || móke
|-
! 2nd
| mán || máŋe || mén || méŋe || món || móŋe
|-
! 3rd
| más || máksi || més || méksi || mós || móksi
|-
! !! colspan="6" | Simple past
|-
! 1st
| mái || máike || méi || méike || mói || móike
|-
! 2nd
| máin || máiŋe || méin || méiŋe || móin || móiŋe
|-
! 3rd
| máis || máiksi || méis || méiksi || móis || móiksi
|-
! !! colspan="6" | Nonpast
|-
! 1st
| máo || máoke || méo || méoke || móo || móoke
|-
! 2nd
| máon || máoŋe || méon || méoŋe || móon || móoŋe
|-
! 3rd
| máos || máoksi || méos || méoksi || móos || móoksi
|-
! !! colspan="6" | Pluperfect
|-
! 1st
| mǿ || mǿke || mǿi || mǿike || míø || míøke
|-
! 2nd
| mǿn || mǿŋe || mǿin || mǿiŋe || míøn || míøŋe
|-
! 3rd
| mǿs || mǿksi || mǿis || mǿiksi || míøs || míøksi
|-
! !! colspan="6" | Remote past
|-
! 1st
| máe || máeke || mée || méeke || móe || móeke
|-
! 2nd
| máen || máeŋe || méen || méeŋe || -oen || -oeŋe
|-
! 3rd
| máes || máeksi || mées || méeksi || -oes || -oeksi
|-
! !! colspan="6" | Simple future
|-
! 1st
| máu || máuke || méu || méuke || móu || móuke
|-
! 2nd
| máun || máuŋe || méun || méuŋe || móun || móouŋe
|-
! 3rd
| máus || máuksi || méus || méuksi || móus || móuksi
|-
! !! colspan="6" | Nonfuture
|-
! 1st
| mĕ || mĕke || mĕi || mĕike || míë || míëke
|-
! 2nd
| mĕn || mĕŋe || mĕin || mĕiŋe || míën || míëŋe
|-
! 3rd
| mĕs || mĕksi || mĕis || mĕiksi || míës || míëksi
|-
! !! colspan="6" | Future anterior
|-
! 1st
| mý || mýke || mýi || mýike || míy || míyke
|-
! 2nd
| mýn || mýŋe || mýin || mýiŋe || míyn || míyŋe
|-
! 3rd
| mýs || mýksi || mýis || mýiksi || míys || míyksi
|-
! !! colspan="6" | Future-in-the-past
|-
! 1st
| máa || máake || méa || méake || móa || móake
|-
! 2nd
| máan || máaŋe || méan || méaŋe || móan || móaŋe
|-
! 3rd
| máas || máaksi || méas || méaksi || móas || móaksi
|-
|}
 
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg collapsible collapsed" style="text-align: center;"
! colspan="3" | Mood stems
|-
! Mood !! Formation !! ''Example''
|-
! Generic
| enn- || ''enná''
|-
! Conditional
| enm- || ''enmá''
|-
! Subjunctive
| enl- || ''enlá''
|-
! Optative
| enk- || ''enká''
|-
! Jussive
| enh- || ''enhá''
|-
! Reputative
| enr- || ''enrá''
|-
! Presumptive
| eng- || ''engá''
|-
! Potential
| ens- || ''ensá''
|-
! If-potential
| env- || ''envá''
|-
! Admirative
| ent- || ''entá''
|-
|}

== Non-finite forms ==

=== Infinitives ===
==== First infinitive ====
The first infinitive is the basic form of verbs. It is a marked form, the suffixes are ''-vaj'', ''-laj'' and ''-vij''. Each suffix corresponds to one verbal class and each class undergoes a different change when conjugating.

==== Purposive (second infinitive) ====
The purposive or the second infinitive is a form derived from the first infititive. It can be used with one case, the benefactive, although it is mainly omitted; it usually indicates intention. Stem lenghtening does not apply. When combined with reflexive verbs, the forms are slightly changed (shown in brackets).

The forms are:
* -vij → '''-vyyn''' ('''-vyen''')
* -laj → '''-laan''' ('''-laen''')
* -vaj → '''-vøøn''' ('''-vøen''')

==== Immediative ====
The immediative or the third infititive is a form of the verb meaning "to be just about to ..." . It is different from other infinitives because it is formed from two parts. One part is always attached to the verb while the other is the actual infinitival suffix which is removed when conjugated. Stem lenghtening applies.

The forms are:
* -vij → '''-(t)einviaj'''
* -laj → '''-(l)ainlaaj'''
* -vaj → '''-(n)oinvaaj'''
 
Example:
Example:
* vévij → vétteinviaj → vétteina
** ''to give → to be about to give → I'm about to give
*névvaj → névvannoinvaaj → névvannoina
** ''to teach → to be about to teach → I'm about to teach''

==== Progressive infinitive ====
The progressive infinitive (or the fourth infinitive) is the basic form of verb indicating progressiveness. Both imperfective and perfective verbs can become progressive. The progressive form expresses an action taking place at the moment of speaking. The progressive infinitive is similar to the third infinitive because it's formed from two parts. One part is always attached to the verb while the other is the actual infinitival suffix which is removed when conjugated. Stem lenghtening applies.

The forms are:
* -vij → '''-(t)eusvinj'''
* -laj → '''-(l)auslanj'''
* -vaj → '''-(n)ousvanj'''
 
Example:
* vévij → vétteusvinj → vétteusa
** ''to give → to be giving → I'm giving [at this moment]''
*névvaj → névvannousvanj → névvannousa
** ''to teach → to be teaching → I'm teaching [at this moment]''

==== Reflexive infinitive ====
The reflexive infinitive (or the fifth infinitive) is the basic form of reflexive verbs. There are two types, one ending in ''-ej'' and one ending in ''-ij''. Stem lenghtening does not apply.

The forms are:
* -vij → '''-viej''', '''-viij'''
* -laj → '''-laej''', '''-laij'''
* -vaj → '''-vaej''', '''-vaij'''

=== Supines ===
==== First supine ====
The first supine is a form of verbs used after modal verbs (when they are used in their full form instead of the clitic form). Stem lenghtening applies.

The forms are:
* -vij → '''-tia''' (type I, II and III verbs), '''-ia''' (type IV and V verbs)
* -laj → '''-tie''' (type I, II and III verbs), '''-ie''' (type IV and V verbs)
* -vaj → '''-tio''' (type I, II and III verbs), '''-io''' (type IV and V verbs)
 
''NOTE:'' Verbs of the type I shorten the geminate consonant of the lenghtened stem:
* -tt- → -t-
* -ll- → -l-
* -nn- → -n-

==== Second supine ====
The second supine is a form of verbs used after phaseal verbs and verbs of movement. Stem lenghtening applies.

The forms are:
* -vij → '''-tiau''' (type I, II and III verbs), '''-iau''' (type IV and V verbs)
* -laj → '''-tieu''' (type I, II and III verbs), '''-ieu''' (type IV and V verbs)
* -vaj → '''-tiou''' (type I, II and III verbs), '''-iou''' (type IV and V verbs)
 
''NOTE:'' Verbs of the type I shorten the geminate consonant of the lenghtened stem:
* -tt- → -t-
* -ll- → -l-
* -nn- → -n-

=== Gerunds and participles ===
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg collapsible collapsed" style="text-align: center;"
! colspan="6" | Overview of gerunds and participles
|-
! !! -VIJ forms!! -LAJ forms !! -VAJ forms !! Stem !! ''Meaning''
|-
! Gerund I (verbal noun)
| -voi || -loi || -noi || no, C1 || ''Nominalised verb.''
|-
! Present Active Gerund I
| -(i)tat || -(i)lat || -(i)nat || yes || ''Simultaneous events.''
|-
! Present Active Gerund II
| -(i)taot || -(i)laot || -(i)naot || yes || ''An adverb of manner.''
|-
! Past Active Gerund
| | -(i)tait || -(i)lait || -(i)nait || yes || ''An action completed prior to the action of the main verb.''
|-
! Present Active Participle
| -(i)ti / -iei- || -(i)di / -iei- || -(i)ni / -iei- || yes || ''Adjectvies, replace certain relative clauses.''
|-
! Past Active Participle II
| -(i)tui / -iyi- || -(i)dui / -iyi- || -(i)nui / -iyi- || yes || ''Adjectvies, a quality acquired through action in the past.''
|-
! Past Passive Participle
| -isi || -isi || -isi || no || ''Adjectives.''
|-
! Past Active Participle I
| -rii ''(sg)'' -rie ''(du)'' -ria ''(pl)''|| | -nii ''(sg)'' -nie ''(du)'' -nia ''(pl)''|| | -gii ''(sg)'' -gie ''(du)'' -gia ''(pl)'' || yes* || ''Participles used to form compound tenses.''
|}

'''NOTE:''' Verbs of the type I shorten the geminate consonant of the lenghtened stem:
* -tt- → -t-
* -ll- → -l-
* -nn- → -n-

== Reflexive verbs ==
There are two types of reflexive verbs, the '''-ej''' verbs and the '''-ij''' verbs (indicated as ''-viej, -viij, -laej, -laij, -vaej, -vaij''). Their forms change depending on the person and number; and are attached to the verb.

{| class="bluetable lightbluebg collapsible collapsed" style="text-align: center;"
! colspan="4" | Reflexive suffixes
|-
! rowspan="2" | Number !! rowspan="2" | Person !! -EJ !! -IJ
|-
! clitic !! clitic
|-
! rowspan="3" | Singular !! 1st
| -re || -ro
|-
! 2nd
| -ne || -no
|-
! 3rd
| -se || -so
|-
! rowspan="3" | Dual !! 1st
| -ri || -ru
|-
! 2nd
| -ni || -nu
|-
! 3rd
| -si || -su
|-
! rowspan="3" | Plural !! 1st
| -ra || -rë
|-
! 2nd
| -na || -në
|-
! 3rd
| -sa || -së
|-
|}

== Gradation of verbs ==

== Verbal emphasis ==

[[Category:Laefêvëši]]

Laefêvëši/Verbs

2014-11-21T21:55:50Z

Ashucky: /* Third infinitive */

'''Laefêvëši''' verbs are highly inflected.
{{TOC right}}
== Characteristics ==
<big>'''Types'''</big> 
Lexical verbs (full meaning)
* verbs of movement
Auxiliary verbs:
* phaseal verbs
* modal verbs
* the verb ''álaj'' (to be)

<big>'''Classes'''</big> 
Three classes:
# verbs on '''-vij'''
# verbs on '''-laj'''
# verbs on '''-vaj'''

<big>'''Number'''</big> 
Numbers:
* singular
* dual
* plural

<big>'''Aspect'''</big> 
# Perfective aspect
# Imperfective aspect

<big>'''Mood'''</big> 
Realis moods:
* Indicative
* Generic
Irrealis moods:
* Conditional
* Subjunctive
* Optative
* Jussive
* Reputative
* Presumptive
* Potential
* Hypothetical
* Admirative
* Imperative
* Inferencial/renarrative

<big>'''Tenses'''</big> 
Simple tenses:
* simple present
* simple past
* remote past
* nonpast
* pluperfect
* simple future
* future anterior
* nonfuture
* future-in-the-past

== Conjugation ==

=== Stem lengthening ===
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg collapsible collapsed"
! colspan="6" | Stem lengthening
|-
! Class !! Type I !! Type II !! Type III !! Type IV !! Type V
|-
! -VIJ
| -Vvij → -Vtt- || -[V]Jvij → -[V]Jat- || -[V]Kvij → -[V]KKat- || -CCvij → -CCi- || -[V]GGëvij → -[V]GGi-
|-
! -LAJ
| -Vlaj → -Vll- || -[V]Jlaj → -[V]Jal- || -[V]Klaj → -[V]KKal- || -CClaj → -CCu- || -[V]GGëlaj → -[V]GGu-
|-
! -VAJ
| -Vvaj → -Vnn- || -[V]Jvaj → -[V]Jan- || -[V]Kvaj → -[V]KKan- || -CCvaj → -CCi- || -[V]GGëvaj → -[V]GGi-
|-
! colspan="6" | Example
|-
! -VIJ
| návij → ná'''tt'''- || ná'''š'''vij → ná'''šat'''- || ná'''n'''vij → ná'''nnat'''- || ná'''nd'''vij → ná'''ndi'''- || ná'''nnë'''vij → ná'''nni'''-
|-
! -LAJ
| nálaj → ná'''ll'''- || ná'''š'''laj → ná'''šal'''- || ná'''n'''laj → ná'''nnal'''- || ná'''nd'''laj → ná'''ndu'''- || ná'''nnë'''laj → nná'''nnu'''-
|-
! -VAJ
| návaj → ná'''nn'''- || ná'''š'''vaj → ná'''šan'''- || ná'''n'''vaj → ná'''nnan'''- || ná'''nd'''vaj → ná'''ndi'''- || ná'''nnë'''vaj → ná'''nni'''-
|}

=== Tenses ===
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg collapsible collapsed"
! colspan="9" | Conjugation according to tense
|-
! rowspan="3" | Person !! colspan="6" | Simple present
|-
! colspan="2" | Singular !! colspan="2" | Dual !! colspan="2" | Plural
|-
! affirm. !! negat. !! affirm. !! negat. !! affirm. !! negat.
|-
! 1st
| -a || -ake || -e || -eke || -o || -oke
|-
! 2nd
| -an || -aŋe || -en || -eŋe || -on || -oŋe
|-
! 3rd
| -as || -aksi || -es || -eksi || -os || -oksi
|-
! !! colspan="6" | Simple past
|-
! 1st
| -ai || -aike || -ei || -eike || -oi || -oike
|-
! 2nd
| -ain || -aiŋe || -ein || -eiŋe || -oin || -oiŋe
|-
! 3rd
| -ais || -aiksi || -eis || -eiksi || -ois || -oiksi
|-
! !! colspan="6" | Nonpast
|-
! 1st
| -ao || -aoke || -eo || -eoke || -oo || -ooke
|-
! 2nd
| -aon || -aoŋe || -eon || -eoŋe || -oon || -ooŋe
|-
! 3rd
| -aos || -aoksi || -eos || -eoksi || -oos || -ooksi
|-
! !! colspan="6" | Pluperfect
|-
! 1st
| -ø || -øke || -øi || -øike || -iø || -iøke
|-
! 2nd
| -øn || -øŋe || -øin || -øiŋe || -iøn || -iøŋe
|-
! 3rd
| -øs || -øksi || -øis || -øiksi || -iøs || -iøksi
|-
! !! colspan="6" | Remote past
|-
! 1st
| -ae || -aeke || -ee || -eeke || -oe || -oeke
|-
! 2nd
| -aen || -aeŋe || -een || -eeŋe || -oen || -oeŋe
|-
! 3rd
| -aes || -aeksi || -ees || -eeksi || -oes || -oeksi
|-
! !! colspan="6" | Simple future
|-
! 1st
| -au || -auke || -eu || -euke || -ou || -ouke
|-
! 2nd
| -aun || -auŋe || -eun || -euŋe || -oun || -ouŋe
|-
! 3rd
| -aus || -auksi || -eus || -euksi || -ous || -ouksi
|-
! !! colspan="6" | Nonfuture
|-
! 1st
| -ë || -ëke || -ëi || -ëike || -ië || -iëke
|-
! 2nd
| -ën || -ëŋe || -ëin || -ëiŋe || -iën || -iëŋe
|-
! 3rd
| -ës || -ëksi || -ëis || -ëiksi || -iës || -iëksi
|-
! !! colspan="6" | Future anterior
|-
! 1st
| -y || -yke || -yi || -yike || -iy || -iyke
|-
! 2nd
| -yn || -yŋe || -yin || -yiŋe || -iyn || -iyŋe
|-
! 3rd
| -ys || -yksi || -yis || -yiksi || -iys || -iyksi
|-
! !! colspan="6" | Future-in-the-past
|-
! 1st
| -aa || -aake || -ea || -eake || -oa || -oake
|-
! 2nd
| -aan || -aaŋe || -ean || -eaŋe || -oan || -oaŋe
|-
! 3rd
| -aas || -aaksi || -eas || -eaksi || -oas || -oaksi
|-
|}

==== Compound tenses ====
Compound tenses are formed with the auxilliary verb ''álaj'' (to be) and past active participle.

Compound tenses are rarely used, and when they are, usually there's a clause inserted between the auxilliary and the past active participle.

=== Moods ===
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg collapsible collapsed" style="text-align: center;"
! colspan="3" | Mood suffixes
|-
! Mood !! Long form !! Short form
|-
! Indicative
| -/ || -/
|-
! Generic
| -an || -n
|-
! Conditional
| -am || -m
|-
! Subjunctive
| -al || -l
|-
! Optative
| -ak || -k
|-
! Jussive
| -ah || -h
|-
! Reputative
| -ar || -r
|-
! Presumptive
| -ag || -g
|-
! Potential
| -as || -s
|-
! Hypothetical
| -av || -v
|-
! Admirative
| -at || -t
|-
|}

==== Imperative ====
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg collapsible collapsed" style="text-align: center;"
! colspan="7" | Imperative conjugation
|-
! rowspan="3" | Person !! colspan="6" | Imperative
|-
! colspan="2" | Singular !! colspan="2" | Dual !! colspan="2" | Plural
|-
! affirm. !! negat. !! affirm. !! negat. !! affirm. !! negat.
|-
! 1st
| -/ || -/ || -et(e) || -ekt(e) || -ot(o) || -okt(e)
|-
! 2nd
| -ar(a) || -ark(e) || -er(e) || -erk(e) || -or(o) || -ork(e)
|-
! 3rd
| -/ || -/ || -/ || -/ || -/ || -/
|-
|}

=== Causative ===
The causative is a verbal form with the meaning of "to make/cause someone/something do something". It is formed with an infixiated verb between the stem of the lexical verb and the inflection of the lexical verb, much like modal and phaseal verbs. Both the lexical verb and the causative infix can be inflected.

The bare causative infix is: '''-ajsk-'''

There are three types of causative derived from the original causative above:
* '''-ajsk-''' is the default or neuter causative that means both "make" and "cause"
* '''-ejst-''' is the volitional causative: to make on purpose, to force
* '''-ojst-''' is the non-volitional causatve: to cause by accident
 
Inflextion of the causative (the agent of the verb) immediately follows the causative infix, and the inflection of the lexical verb is then added to the inflected causative. When negating, the position of the negation depends on what is negated, the lexical verb or the causative infix.

The formation paradigm is as follows: (agent) + (object 1) + [lexical verb]-ajsk-[agent inflection]-[object 1 inflection] + (object 1) + (object 2)

{| class="bluetable lightbluebg collapsible collapsed" style="text-align: center;"
! colspan="17" | Examples without expressed agents and objects 1
|-
! colspan="4" | Example 1 !! rowspan="6" | !! colspan="5" | Example 2 !! rowspan="6" | !! colspan="6" | Example 3
|-
| ávaj || ánnan || -ajsk- || -ajskah-
| šânvaj || šânnanan || -ajsk- || -ajskaih- || winádo
| káulaj || káullan || -ajsk- || -ajskais- || -ajskaiksi- || ýttafa
|-
| ''to go'' || ''you go'' || ''make'' || ''I make''
| ''to rule'' || ''you rule'' || ''make'' || ''I made'' || ''country''
| ''draw'' || ''you draw'' || ''make'' || ''he made'' || ''he made not'' || ''lines''
|-
| colspan="4" | Ánnajskahan.
| colspan="5" | Šânnanajskaihan winádo.
| colspan="6" | Káullajskaiksian ýttafa
|-
| colspan="4" | go-make-I-you
| colspan="5" | rule-make-I-ed-you country
| colspan="6" | draw-make-he-ed-not-you lines
|-
| colspan="4" | ''I make you go.''
| colspan="5" | ''I made you rule the country.''
| colspan="6" | ''He didn't make you draw the lines.''
|}

{| class="bluetable lightbluebg collapsible collapsed" style="text-align: center;"
! colspan="23" | Examples with agents and objects 1 expressed
|-
! colspan="6" | Example 4 !! rowspan="6" | !! colspan="7" | Example 5 !! rowspan="6" | !! colspan="8" | Example 6
|-
| ó || se || ávaj || ánnan || -ajsk- || -ajskah-
| ó || se || šânvaj || šânnanan || -ajsk- || -ajskaih- || winádo
| â || sa || káulaj || káullan || -ajsk- || -ajskais- || -ajskaiksi- || ýttafa.
|-
| ''I'' || ''you'' || ''to go'' || ''you go'' || ''make'' || ''I make''
| ''I'' || ''you'' || ''to rule'' || ''you rule'' || ''make'' || ''I made'' || ''country''
| ''he'' || ''you'' || ''draw'' || ''you draw'' || ''make'' || ''he made'' || ''he made not'' || ''lines''
|-
| colspan="6" | Ó se ánnajskahan. / Ó ánnajskahan se.
| colspan="7" | Ó se šânnanajskaihan winádo. / Ó šânnanajskaihan se winádo.
| colspan="8" | Â sa káullajskaiksian ýttafa. / Â káullajskaiksian sa ýttafa.
|-
| colspan="6" | I you go-make-I-you / I go-make-I-you you
| colspan="7" | I you rule-make-I-ed-you country / I rule-make-I-ed-you you country
| colspan="8" | he you draw-make-he-ed-not-you lines / he draw-make-he-ed-not-you you lines
|-
| colspan="6" | ''I make you go.''
| colspan="7" | ''I made you rule the country.''
| colspan="8" | ''He didn't make you draw the lines.''
|}

Other examples:
* Ánnajskaiha'''ŋe'''.
** ''I made you '''not''' go.''
* Ánnajskaikeaŋe. / Ánnajskaikehaŋe.
** ''I didn't make you not go.''
* Ánnajskalléhan. / Ánnajskalléhahan.
** ''I can make you go.''
* Ánnajskallékehan.
** ''I can't make you go.''
* Ánnajskallékehaŋe.
** ''I can't make you not go.''
* Ánnajskalléketeŋe.
** ''I can't not make you not go.''

== ''Álaj'' (to be) ==
{{Main|Álaj (verb)}}

== Auxiliary verbs ==
Several verbs have clitic forms, sometimes they act as infixes, too. In first person, they're simply added to the conjugational suffix; in second and third person, they're inserted between the vowel(s) and the final consonant of the conjugational suffix.

Three main types of auxiliary verbs are:
# modal verbs
# phaseal verbs
# verbs of movement
 
Examples:
* ''Vétta.'' → ''Vétta'''nné'''.''
** I give. → I have to give.
* ''Véttos.'' → ''Vétto'''nné'''s.''
** They give. → They have to give.
* ''Nótta.''→ ''Nótta'''nój'''.''
** I work. → I start to work.
* ''Nóttos.''→ ''Nótto'''nój'''s.''
** They work. → They start to work.

{| class="bluetable lightbluebg collapsible collapsed"
! colspan="3" | Auxiliary verbs
|-
! Full form !! Clitic !! English
|-
| álvaj || -nnó || ''to wish''
|-
| élvaj || -nní || ''to wish''
|-
| évivaj || -nné || ''have to'', ''must''
|-
| vírvij || -ttí || ''can'', ''to be allowed to''
|-
| óvlaj || -lló || ''can be done'', ''to be possible''
|-
| vélaj || -llé || ''can''
|-
| újelaj || -llú || ''to want''
|-
| - || -ttý || ''to like''
|-
| - || -ttǿ || ''would like''
|-
| ávivaj || -nná || ''should''
|-
| ǿlvaj || -nnǿ || ''to wish (to oneself)''
|-
| ýlvaj || -nný || ''to wish (to oneself)''
|-
| nášlaj || -llá || ''to manage'', ''to be able to''
|-
| || -ttá || ''to go''
|-
|}

{| class="bluetable lightbluebg collapsible collapsed" style="text-align: center;"
! colspan="3" |Phaseal verbs
|-
|-
! Full form !! Clitic !! English
|-
| onóvaj || -nój || ''to begin''
|-
| mâivij || -máj || ''to finish''
|-
| nâivij || -náj || ''to finish/complete''
|-
| hélaj || -héj || ''to stop''
|-
|}

=== Auxilliary verb ''álaj'' (to be) ===
The verb ''to be'' is used as an ausxilliary verb in compound tenses. The auxilliary is fully inflected and the past active participle is inflected only by number. The auxilliary is somewhat special as it has stress on the actual inflection, which is marked. For moods other than the indicative, the indicative '''m-''' is replaced with the appropriate stem.

{| class="bluetable lightbluebg collapsible collapsed"
! colspan="7" | Auxilliary ''álaj'' in the indicative
|-
! rowspan="3" | Person !! colspan="6" | Simple present
|-
! colspan="2" | Singular !! colspan="2" | Dual !! colspan="2" | Plural
|-
! affirm. !! negat. !! affirm. !! negat. !! affirm. !! negat.
|-
! 1st
| má || máke || mé || méke || mó || móke
|-
! 2nd
| mán || máŋe || mén || méŋe || món || móŋe
|-
! 3rd
| más || máksi || més || méksi || mós || móksi
|-
! !! colspan="6" | Simple past
|-
! 1st
| mái || máike || méi || méike || mói || móike
|-
! 2nd
| máin || máiŋe || méin || méiŋe || móin || móiŋe
|-
! 3rd
| máis || máiksi || méis || méiksi || móis || móiksi
|-
! !! colspan="6" | Nonpast
|-
! 1st
| máo || máoke || méo || méoke || móo || móoke
|-
! 2nd
| máon || máoŋe || méon || méoŋe || móon || móoŋe
|-
! 3rd
| máos || máoksi || méos || méoksi || móos || móoksi
|-
! !! colspan="6" | Pluperfect
|-
! 1st
| mǿ || mǿke || mǿi || mǿike || míø || míøke
|-
! 2nd
| mǿn || mǿŋe || mǿin || mǿiŋe || míøn || míøŋe
|-
! 3rd
| mǿs || mǿksi || mǿis || mǿiksi || míøs || míøksi
|-
! !! colspan="6" | Remote past
|-
! 1st
| máe || máeke || mée || méeke || móe || móeke
|-
! 2nd
| máen || máeŋe || méen || méeŋe || -oen || -oeŋe
|-
! 3rd
| máes || máeksi || mées || méeksi || -oes || -oeksi
|-
! !! colspan="6" | Simple future
|-
! 1st
| máu || máuke || méu || méuke || móu || móuke
|-
! 2nd
| máun || máuŋe || méun || méuŋe || móun || móouŋe
|-
! 3rd
| máus || máuksi || méus || méuksi || móus || móuksi
|-
! !! colspan="6" | Nonfuture
|-
! 1st
| mĕ || mĕke || mĕi || mĕike || míë || míëke
|-
! 2nd
| mĕn || mĕŋe || mĕin || mĕiŋe || míën || míëŋe
|-
! 3rd
| mĕs || mĕksi || mĕis || mĕiksi || míës || míëksi
|-
! !! colspan="6" | Future anterior
|-
! 1st
| mý || mýke || mýi || mýike || míy || míyke
|-
! 2nd
| mýn || mýŋe || mýin || mýiŋe || míyn || míyŋe
|-
! 3rd
| mýs || mýksi || mýis || mýiksi || míys || míyksi
|-
! !! colspan="6" | Future-in-the-past
|-
! 1st
| máa || máake || méa || méake || móa || móake
|-
! 2nd
| máan || máaŋe || méan || méaŋe || móan || móaŋe
|-
! 3rd
| máas || máaksi || méas || méaksi || móas || móaksi
|-
|}
 
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg collapsible collapsed" style="text-align: center;"
! colspan="3" | Mood stems
|-
! Mood !! Formation !! ''Example''
|-
! Generic
| enn- || ''enná''
|-
! Conditional
| enm- || ''enmá''
|-
! Subjunctive
| enl- || ''enlá''
|-
! Optative
| enk- || ''enká''
|-
! Jussive
| enh- || ''enhá''
|-
! Reputative
| enr- || ''enrá''
|-
! Presumptive
| eng- || ''engá''
|-
! Potential
| ens- || ''ensá''
|-
! If-potential
| env- || ''envá''
|-
! Admirative
| ent- || ''entá''
|-
|}

== Non-finite forms ==

=== Infinitives ===
==== First infinitive ====
The first infinitive is the basic form of verbs. It is a marked form, the suffixes are ''-vaj'', ''-laj'' and ''-vij''. Each suffix corresponds to one verbal class and each class undergoes a different change when conjugating.

==== Purposive (second infinitive) ====
The purposive or the second infinitive is a form derived from the first infititive. It can be used with one case, the benefactive, although it is mainly omitted; it usually indicates intention. Stem lenghtening does not apply. When combined with reflexive verbs, the forms are slightly changed (shown in brackets).

The forms are:
* -vij → '''-vyyn''' ('''-vyen''')
* -laj → '''-laan''' ('''-laen''')
* -vaj → '''-vøøn''' ('''-vøen''')

==== Immediative ====
The immediative or the third infititive is a form of the verb meaning "to be just about to ..." . It is different from other infinitives because it is formed from two parts. One part is always attached to the verb while the other is the actual infinitival suffix which is removed when conjugated. Stem lenghtening applies.

The forms are:
* -vij → '''-(t)einviaj'''
* -laj → '''-(l)ainlaaj'''
* -vaj → '''-(n)oinvaaj'''
 
Example:
Example:
* vévij → vétteinviaj → vétteina
** ''to give → to be about to give → I'm about to give
*névvaj → névvannoinvaaj → névvannoina
** ''to teach → to be about to teach → I'm about to teach''

==== Progressive infinitive ====
The progressive infinitive (or the fourth infinitive) is the basic form of verb indicating progressiveness. Both imperfective and perfective verbs can become progressive. The progressive form expresses an action taking place at the moment of speaking. The progressive infinitive is similar to the third infinitive because it's formed from two parts. One part is always attached to the verb while the other is the actual infinitival suffix which is removed when conjugated. Stem lenghtening applies.

The forms are:
* -vij → '''-(t)eusvinj'''
* -laj → '''-(l)auslanj'''
* -vaj → '''-(n)ousvanj'''
 
Example:
* vévij → vétteusvinj → vétteusa
** ''to give → to be giving → I'm giving [at this moment]''
*névvaj → névvannousvanj → névvannousa
** ''to teach → to be teaching → I'm teaching [at this moment]''

==== Reflexive infinitive ====
The reflexive infinitive (or the fifth infinitive) is the basic form of reflexive verbs. There are two types, one ending in ''-ej'' and one ending in ''-ij''. Stem lenghtening does not apply.

The forms are:
* -vij → '''-viej''', '''-viij'''
* -laj → '''-laej''', '''-laij'''
* -vaj → '''-vaej''', '''-vaij'''

=== Supines ===
==== First supine ====
The first supine is a form of verbs used after modal verbs (when they are used in their full form instead of the clitic form). Stem lenghtening applies.

The forms are:
* -vij → '''-tia''' (type I, II and III verbs), '''-ia''' (type IV and V verbs)
* -laj → '''-tie''' (type I, II and III verbs), '''-ie''' (type IV and V verbs)
* -vaj → '''-tio''' (type I, II and III verbs), '''-io''' (type IV and V verbs)
 
''NOTE:'' Verbs of the type I shorten the geminate consonant of the lenghtened stem:
* -tt- → -t-
* -ll- → -l-
* -nn- → -n-

==== Second supine ====
The second supine is a form of verbs used after phaseal verbs and verbs of movement. Stem lenghtening applies.

The forms are:
* -vij → '''-tiau''' (type I, II and III verbs), '''-iau''' (type IV and V verbs)
* -laj → '''-tieu''' (type I, II and III verbs), '''-ieu''' (type IV and V verbs)
* -vaj → '''-tiou''' (type I, II and III verbs), '''-iou''' (type IV and V verbs)
 
''NOTE:'' Verbs of the type I shorten the geminate consonant of the lenghtened stem:
* -tt- → -t-
* -ll- → -l-
* -nn- → -n-

=== Gerunds and participles ===
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg collapsible collapsed" style="text-align: center;"
! colspan="6" | Overview of gerunds and participles
|-
! !! -VIJ forms!! -LAJ forms !! -VAJ forms !! Stem !! ''Meaning''
|-
! Gerund I (verbal noun)
| -voi || -loi || -noi || no, C1 || ''Nominalised verb.''
|-
! Present Active Gerund I
| -(i)tat || -(i)lat || -(i)nat || yes || ''Simultaneous events.''
|-
! Present Active Gerund II
| -(i)taot || -(i)laot || -(i)naot || yes || ''An adverb of manner.''
|-
! Past Active Gerund
| | -(i)tait || -(i)lait || -(i)nait || yes || ''An action completed prior to the action of the main verb.''
|-
! Present Active Participle
| -(i)ti / -iei- || -(i)di / -iei- || -(i)ni / -iei- || yes || ''Adjectvies, replace certain relative clauses.''
|-
! Past Active Participle II
| -(i)tui / -iyi- || -(i)dui / -iyi- || -(i)nui / -iyi- || yes || ''Adjectvies, a quality acquired through action in the past.''
|-
! Past Passive Participle
| -isi || -isi || -isi || no || ''Adjectives.''
|-
! Past Active Participle I
| -rii ''(sg)'' -rie ''(du)'' -ria ''(pl)''|| | -nii ''(sg)'' -nie ''(du)'' -nia ''(pl)''|| | -gii ''(sg)'' -gie ''(du)'' -gia ''(pl)'' || yes* || ''Participles used to form compound tenses.''
|}

'''NOTE:''' Verbs of the type I shorten the geminate consonant of the lenghtened stem:
* -tt- → -t-
* -ll- → -l-
* -nn- → -n-

== Reflexive verbs ==
There are two types of reflexive verbs, the '''-ej''' verbs and the '''-ij''' verbs (indicated as ''-viej, -viij, -laej, -laij, -vaej, -vaij''). Their forms change depending on the person and number; and are attached to the verb.

{| class="bluetable lightbluebg collapsible collapsed" style="text-align: center;"
! colspan="4" | Reflexive suffixes
|-
! rowspan="2" | Number !! rowspan="2" | Person !! -EJ !! -IJ
|-
! clitic !! clitic
|-
! rowspan="3" | Singular !! 1st
| -re || -ro
|-
! 2nd
| -ne || -no
|-
! 3rd
| -se || -so
|-
! rowspan="3" | Dual !! 1st
| -ri || -ru
|-
! 2nd
| -ni || -nu
|-
! 3rd
| -si || -su
|-
! rowspan="3" | Plural !! 1st
| -ra || -rë
|-
! 2nd
| -na || -në
|-
! 3rd
| -sa || -së
|-
|}

== Gradation of verbs ==

== Verbal emphasis ==

[[Category:Laefêvëši]]

Laefêvëši/Verbs

2014-11-21T21:30:53Z

Ashucky: /* Second infinitive */

'''Laefêvëši''' verbs are highly inflected.
{{TOC right}}
== Characteristics ==
<big>'''Types'''</big> 
Lexical verbs (full meaning)
* verbs of movement
Auxiliary verbs:
* phaseal verbs
* modal verbs
* the verb ''álaj'' (to be)

<big>'''Classes'''</big> 
Three classes:
# verbs on '''-vij'''
# verbs on '''-laj'''
# verbs on '''-vaj'''

<big>'''Number'''</big> 
Numbers:
* singular
* dual
* plural

<big>'''Aspect'''</big> 
# Perfective aspect
# Imperfective aspect

<big>'''Mood'''</big> 
Realis moods:
* Indicative
* Generic
Irrealis moods:
* Conditional
* Subjunctive
* Optative
* Jussive
* Reputative
* Presumptive
* Potential
* Hypothetical
* Admirative
* Imperative
* Inferencial/renarrative

<big>'''Tenses'''</big> 
Simple tenses:
* simple present
* simple past
* remote past
* nonpast
* pluperfect
* simple future
* future anterior
* nonfuture
* future-in-the-past

== Conjugation ==

=== Stem lengthening ===
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg collapsible collapsed"
! colspan="6" | Stem lengthening
|-
! Class !! Type I !! Type II !! Type III !! Type IV !! Type V
|-
! -VIJ
| -Vvij → -Vtt- || -[V]Jvij → -[V]Jat- || -[V]Kvij → -[V]KKat- || -CCvij → -CCi- || -[V]GGëvij → -[V]GGi-
|-
! -LAJ
| -Vlaj → -Vll- || -[V]Jlaj → -[V]Jal- || -[V]Klaj → -[V]KKal- || -CClaj → -CCu- || -[V]GGëlaj → -[V]GGu-
|-
! -VAJ
| -Vvaj → -Vnn- || -[V]Jvaj → -[V]Jan- || -[V]Kvaj → -[V]KKan- || -CCvaj → -CCi- || -[V]GGëvaj → -[V]GGi-
|-
! colspan="6" | Example
|-
! -VIJ
| návij → ná'''tt'''- || ná'''š'''vij → ná'''šat'''- || ná'''n'''vij → ná'''nnat'''- || ná'''nd'''vij → ná'''ndi'''- || ná'''nnë'''vij → ná'''nni'''-
|-
! -LAJ
| nálaj → ná'''ll'''- || ná'''š'''laj → ná'''šal'''- || ná'''n'''laj → ná'''nnal'''- || ná'''nd'''laj → ná'''ndu'''- || ná'''nnë'''laj → nná'''nnu'''-
|-
! -VAJ
| návaj → ná'''nn'''- || ná'''š'''vaj → ná'''šan'''- || ná'''n'''vaj → ná'''nnan'''- || ná'''nd'''vaj → ná'''ndi'''- || ná'''nnë'''vaj → ná'''nni'''-
|}

=== Tenses ===
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg collapsible collapsed"
! colspan="9" | Conjugation according to tense
|-
! rowspan="3" | Person !! colspan="6" | Simple present
|-
! colspan="2" | Singular !! colspan="2" | Dual !! colspan="2" | Plural
|-
! affirm. !! negat. !! affirm. !! negat. !! affirm. !! negat.
|-
! 1st
| -a || -ake || -e || -eke || -o || -oke
|-
! 2nd
| -an || -aŋe || -en || -eŋe || -on || -oŋe
|-
! 3rd
| -as || -aksi || -es || -eksi || -os || -oksi
|-
! !! colspan="6" | Simple past
|-
! 1st
| -ai || -aike || -ei || -eike || -oi || -oike
|-
! 2nd
| -ain || -aiŋe || -ein || -eiŋe || -oin || -oiŋe
|-
! 3rd
| -ais || -aiksi || -eis || -eiksi || -ois || -oiksi
|-
! !! colspan="6" | Nonpast
|-
! 1st
| -ao || -aoke || -eo || -eoke || -oo || -ooke
|-
! 2nd
| -aon || -aoŋe || -eon || -eoŋe || -oon || -ooŋe
|-
! 3rd
| -aos || -aoksi || -eos || -eoksi || -oos || -ooksi
|-
! !! colspan="6" | Pluperfect
|-
! 1st
| -ø || -øke || -øi || -øike || -iø || -iøke
|-
! 2nd
| -øn || -øŋe || -øin || -øiŋe || -iøn || -iøŋe
|-
! 3rd
| -øs || -øksi || -øis || -øiksi || -iøs || -iøksi
|-
! !! colspan="6" | Remote past
|-
! 1st
| -ae || -aeke || -ee || -eeke || -oe || -oeke
|-
! 2nd
| -aen || -aeŋe || -een || -eeŋe || -oen || -oeŋe
|-
! 3rd
| -aes || -aeksi || -ees || -eeksi || -oes || -oeksi
|-
! !! colspan="6" | Simple future
|-
! 1st
| -au || -auke || -eu || -euke || -ou || -ouke
|-
! 2nd
| -aun || -auŋe || -eun || -euŋe || -oun || -ouŋe
|-
! 3rd
| -aus || -auksi || -eus || -euksi || -ous || -ouksi
|-
! !! colspan="6" | Nonfuture
|-
! 1st
| -ë || -ëke || -ëi || -ëike || -ië || -iëke
|-
! 2nd
| -ën || -ëŋe || -ëin || -ëiŋe || -iën || -iëŋe
|-
! 3rd
| -ës || -ëksi || -ëis || -ëiksi || -iës || -iëksi
|-
! !! colspan="6" | Future anterior
|-
! 1st
| -y || -yke || -yi || -yike || -iy || -iyke
|-
! 2nd
| -yn || -yŋe || -yin || -yiŋe || -iyn || -iyŋe
|-
! 3rd
| -ys || -yksi || -yis || -yiksi || -iys || -iyksi
|-
! !! colspan="6" | Future-in-the-past
|-
! 1st
| -aa || -aake || -ea || -eake || -oa || -oake
|-
! 2nd
| -aan || -aaŋe || -ean || -eaŋe || -oan || -oaŋe
|-
! 3rd
| -aas || -aaksi || -eas || -eaksi || -oas || -oaksi
|-
|}

==== Compound tenses ====
Compound tenses are formed with the auxilliary verb ''álaj'' (to be) and past active participle.

Compound tenses are rarely used, and when they are, usually there's a clause inserted between the auxilliary and the past active participle.

=== Moods ===
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg collapsible collapsed" style="text-align: center;"
! colspan="3" | Mood suffixes
|-
! Mood !! Long form !! Short form
|-
! Indicative
| -/ || -/
|-
! Generic
| -an || -n
|-
! Conditional
| -am || -m
|-
! Subjunctive
| -al || -l
|-
! Optative
| -ak || -k
|-
! Jussive
| -ah || -h
|-
! Reputative
| -ar || -r
|-
! Presumptive
| -ag || -g
|-
! Potential
| -as || -s
|-
! Hypothetical
| -av || -v
|-
! Admirative
| -at || -t
|-
|}

==== Imperative ====
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg collapsible collapsed" style="text-align: center;"
! colspan="7" | Imperative conjugation
|-
! rowspan="3" | Person !! colspan="6" | Imperative
|-
! colspan="2" | Singular !! colspan="2" | Dual !! colspan="2" | Plural
|-
! affirm. !! negat. !! affirm. !! negat. !! affirm. !! negat.
|-
! 1st
| -/ || -/ || -et(e) || -ekt(e) || -ot(o) || -okt(e)
|-
! 2nd
| -ar(a) || -ark(e) || -er(e) || -erk(e) || -or(o) || -ork(e)
|-
! 3rd
| -/ || -/ || -/ || -/ || -/ || -/
|-
|}

=== Causative ===
The causative is a verbal form with the meaning of "to make/cause someone/something do something". It is formed with an infixiated verb between the stem of the lexical verb and the inflection of the lexical verb, much like modal and phaseal verbs. Both the lexical verb and the causative infix can be inflected.

The bare causative infix is: '''-ajsk-'''

There are three types of causative derived from the original causative above:
* '''-ajsk-''' is the default or neuter causative that means both "make" and "cause"
* '''-ejst-''' is the volitional causative: to make on purpose, to force
* '''-ojst-''' is the non-volitional causatve: to cause by accident
 
Inflextion of the causative (the agent of the verb) immediately follows the causative infix, and the inflection of the lexical verb is then added to the inflected causative. When negating, the position of the negation depends on what is negated, the lexical verb or the causative infix.

The formation paradigm is as follows: (agent) + (object 1) + [lexical verb]-ajsk-[agent inflection]-[object 1 inflection] + (object 1) + (object 2)

{| class="bluetable lightbluebg collapsible collapsed" style="text-align: center;"
! colspan="17" | Examples without expressed agents and objects 1
|-
! colspan="4" | Example 1 !! rowspan="6" | !! colspan="5" | Example 2 !! rowspan="6" | !! colspan="6" | Example 3
|-
| ávaj || ánnan || -ajsk- || -ajskah-
| šânvaj || šânnanan || -ajsk- || -ajskaih- || winádo
| káulaj || káullan || -ajsk- || -ajskais- || -ajskaiksi- || ýttafa
|-
| ''to go'' || ''you go'' || ''make'' || ''I make''
| ''to rule'' || ''you rule'' || ''make'' || ''I made'' || ''country''
| ''draw'' || ''you draw'' || ''make'' || ''he made'' || ''he made not'' || ''lines''
|-
| colspan="4" | Ánnajskahan.
| colspan="5" | Šânnanajskaihan winádo.
| colspan="6" | Káullajskaiksian ýttafa
|-
| colspan="4" | go-make-I-you
| colspan="5" | rule-make-I-ed-you country
| colspan="6" | draw-make-he-ed-not-you lines
|-
| colspan="4" | ''I make you go.''
| colspan="5" | ''I made you rule the country.''
| colspan="6" | ''He didn't make you draw the lines.''
|}

{| class="bluetable lightbluebg collapsible collapsed" style="text-align: center;"
! colspan="23" | Examples with agents and objects 1 expressed
|-
! colspan="6" | Example 4 !! rowspan="6" | !! colspan="7" | Example 5 !! rowspan="6" | !! colspan="8" | Example 6
|-
| ó || se || ávaj || ánnan || -ajsk- || -ajskah-
| ó || se || šânvaj || šânnanan || -ajsk- || -ajskaih- || winádo
| â || sa || káulaj || káullan || -ajsk- || -ajskais- || -ajskaiksi- || ýttafa.
|-
| ''I'' || ''you'' || ''to go'' || ''you go'' || ''make'' || ''I make''
| ''I'' || ''you'' || ''to rule'' || ''you rule'' || ''make'' || ''I made'' || ''country''
| ''he'' || ''you'' || ''draw'' || ''you draw'' || ''make'' || ''he made'' || ''he made not'' || ''lines''
|-
| colspan="6" | Ó se ánnajskahan. / Ó ánnajskahan se.
| colspan="7" | Ó se šânnanajskaihan winádo. / Ó šânnanajskaihan se winádo.
| colspan="8" | Â sa káullajskaiksian ýttafa. / Â káullajskaiksian sa ýttafa.
|-
| colspan="6" | I you go-make-I-you / I go-make-I-you you
| colspan="7" | I you rule-make-I-ed-you country / I rule-make-I-ed-you you country
| colspan="8" | he you draw-make-he-ed-not-you lines / he draw-make-he-ed-not-you you lines
|-
| colspan="6" | ''I make you go.''
| colspan="7" | ''I made you rule the country.''
| colspan="8" | ''He didn't make you draw the lines.''
|}

Other examples:
* Ánnajskaiha'''ŋe'''.
** ''I made you '''not''' go.''
* Ánnajskaikeaŋe. / Ánnajskaikehaŋe.
** ''I didn't make you not go.''
* Ánnajskalléhan. / Ánnajskalléhahan.
** ''I can make you go.''
* Ánnajskallékehan.
** ''I can't make you go.''
* Ánnajskallékehaŋe.
** ''I can't make you not go.''
* Ánnajskalléketeŋe.
** ''I can't not make you not go.''

== ''Álaj'' (to be) ==
{{Main|Álaj (verb)}}

== Auxiliary verbs ==
Several verbs have clitic forms, sometimes they act as infixes, too. In first person, they're simply added to the conjugational suffix; in second and third person, they're inserted between the vowel(s) and the final consonant of the conjugational suffix.

Three main types of auxiliary verbs are:
# modal verbs
# phaseal verbs
# verbs of movement
 
Examples:
* ''Vétta.'' → ''Vétta'''nné'''.''
** I give. → I have to give.
* ''Véttos.'' → ''Vétto'''nné'''s.''
** They give. → They have to give.
* ''Nótta.''→ ''Nótta'''nój'''.''
** I work. → I start to work.
* ''Nóttos.''→ ''Nótto'''nój'''s.''
** They work. → They start to work.

{| class="bluetable lightbluebg collapsible collapsed"
! colspan="3" | Auxiliary verbs
|-
! Full form !! Clitic !! English
|-
| álvaj || -nnó || ''to wish''
|-
| élvaj || -nní || ''to wish''
|-
| évivaj || -nné || ''have to'', ''must''
|-
| vírvij || -ttí || ''can'', ''to be allowed to''
|-
| óvlaj || -lló || ''can be done'', ''to be possible''
|-
| vélaj || -llé || ''can''
|-
| újelaj || -llú || ''to want''
|-
| - || -ttý || ''to like''
|-
| - || -ttǿ || ''would like''
|-
| ávivaj || -nná || ''should''
|-
| ǿlvaj || -nnǿ || ''to wish (to oneself)''
|-
| ýlvaj || -nný || ''to wish (to oneself)''
|-
| nášlaj || -llá || ''to manage'', ''to be able to''
|-
| || -ttá || ''to go''
|-
|}

{| class="bluetable lightbluebg collapsible collapsed" style="text-align: center;"
! colspan="3" |Phaseal verbs
|-
|-
! Full form !! Clitic !! English
|-
| onóvaj || -nój || ''to begin''
|-
| mâivij || -máj || ''to finish''
|-
| nâivij || -náj || ''to finish/complete''
|-
| hélaj || -héj || ''to stop''
|-
|}

=== Auxilliary verb ''álaj'' (to be) ===
The verb ''to be'' is used as an ausxilliary verb in compound tenses. The auxilliary is fully inflected and the past active participle is inflected only by number. The auxilliary is somewhat special as it has stress on the actual inflection, which is marked. For moods other than the indicative, the indicative '''m-''' is replaced with the appropriate stem.

{| class="bluetable lightbluebg collapsible collapsed"
! colspan="7" | Auxilliary ''álaj'' in the indicative
|-
! rowspan="3" | Person !! colspan="6" | Simple present
|-
! colspan="2" | Singular !! colspan="2" | Dual !! colspan="2" | Plural
|-
! affirm. !! negat. !! affirm. !! negat. !! affirm. !! negat.
|-
! 1st
| má || máke || mé || méke || mó || móke
|-
! 2nd
| mán || máŋe || mén || méŋe || món || móŋe
|-
! 3rd
| más || máksi || més || méksi || mós || móksi
|-
! !! colspan="6" | Simple past
|-
! 1st
| mái || máike || méi || méike || mói || móike
|-
! 2nd
| máin || máiŋe || méin || méiŋe || móin || móiŋe
|-
! 3rd
| máis || máiksi || méis || méiksi || móis || móiksi
|-
! !! colspan="6" | Nonpast
|-
! 1st
| máo || máoke || méo || méoke || móo || móoke
|-
! 2nd
| máon || máoŋe || méon || méoŋe || móon || móoŋe
|-
! 3rd
| máos || máoksi || méos || méoksi || móos || móoksi
|-
! !! colspan="6" | Pluperfect
|-
! 1st
| mǿ || mǿke || mǿi || mǿike || míø || míøke
|-
! 2nd
| mǿn || mǿŋe || mǿin || mǿiŋe || míøn || míøŋe
|-
! 3rd
| mǿs || mǿksi || mǿis || mǿiksi || míøs || míøksi
|-
! !! colspan="6" | Remote past
|-
! 1st
| máe || máeke || mée || méeke || móe || móeke
|-
! 2nd
| máen || máeŋe || méen || méeŋe || -oen || -oeŋe
|-
! 3rd
| máes || máeksi || mées || méeksi || -oes || -oeksi
|-
! !! colspan="6" | Simple future
|-
! 1st
| máu || máuke || méu || méuke || móu || móuke
|-
! 2nd
| máun || máuŋe || méun || méuŋe || móun || móouŋe
|-
! 3rd
| máus || máuksi || méus || méuksi || móus || móuksi
|-
! !! colspan="6" | Nonfuture
|-
! 1st
| mĕ || mĕke || mĕi || mĕike || míë || míëke
|-
! 2nd
| mĕn || mĕŋe || mĕin || mĕiŋe || míën || míëŋe
|-
! 3rd
| mĕs || mĕksi || mĕis || mĕiksi || míës || míëksi
|-
! !! colspan="6" | Future anterior
|-
! 1st
| mý || mýke || mýi || mýike || míy || míyke
|-
! 2nd
| mýn || mýŋe || mýin || mýiŋe || míyn || míyŋe
|-
! 3rd
| mýs || mýksi || mýis || mýiksi || míys || míyksi
|-
! !! colspan="6" | Future-in-the-past
|-
! 1st
| máa || máake || méa || méake || móa || móake
|-
! 2nd
| máan || máaŋe || méan || méaŋe || móan || móaŋe
|-
! 3rd
| máas || máaksi || méas || méaksi || móas || móaksi
|-
|}
 
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg collapsible collapsed" style="text-align: center;"
! colspan="3" | Mood stems
|-
! Mood !! Formation !! ''Example''
|-
! Generic
| enn- || ''enná''
|-
! Conditional
| enm- || ''enmá''
|-
! Subjunctive
| enl- || ''enlá''
|-
! Optative
| enk- || ''enká''
|-
! Jussive
| enh- || ''enhá''
|-
! Reputative
| enr- || ''enrá''
|-
! Presumptive
| eng- || ''engá''
|-
! Potential
| ens- || ''ensá''
|-
! If-potential
| env- || ''envá''
|-
! Admirative
| ent- || ''entá''
|-
|}

== Non-finite forms ==

=== Infinitives ===
==== First infinitive ====
The first infinitive is the basic form of verbs. It is a marked form, the suffixes are ''-vaj'', ''-laj'' and ''-vij''. Each suffix corresponds to one verbal class and each class undergoes a different change when conjugating.

==== Purposive (second infinitive) ====
The purposive or the second infinitive is a form derived from the first infititive. It can be used with one case, the benefactive, although it is mainly omitted; it usually indicates intention. Stem lenghtening does not apply. When combined with reflexive verbs, the forms are slightly changed (shown in brackets).

The forms are:
* -vij → '''-vyyn''' ('''-vyen''')
* -laj → '''-laan''' ('''-laen''')
* -vaj → '''-vøøn''' ('''-vøen''')

==== Third infinitive ====
The third infititive is a form of the verb meaning "to be just about to ..." . It is different from other infinitives because it is formed from two parts. One part is always attached to the verb while the other is the actual infinitival suffix which is removed when conjugated. Stem lenghtening applies.

The forms are:
* -vij → '''-(t)einviaj'''
* -laj → '''-(l)ainlaaj'''
* -vaj → '''-(n)oinvaaj'''
 
Example:
Example:
* vévij → vétteinviaj → vétteina
** ''to give → to be about to give → I'm about to give
*névvaj → névvannoinvaaj → névvannoina
** ''to teach → to be about to teach → I'm about to teach''

==== Progressive infinitive ====
The progressive infinitive (or the fourth infinitive) is the basic form of verb indicating progressiveness. Both imperfective and perfective verbs can become progressive. The progressive form expresses an action taking place at the moment of speaking. The progressive infinitive is similar to the third infinitive because it's formed from two parts. One part is always attached to the verb while the other is the actual infinitival suffix which is removed when conjugated. Stem lenghtening applies.

The forms are:
* -vij → '''-(t)eusvinj'''
* -laj → '''-(l)auslanj'''
* -vaj → '''-(n)ousvanj'''
 
Example:
* vévij → vétteusvinj → vétteusa
** ''to give → to be giving → I'm giving [at this moment]''
*névvaj → névvannousvanj → névvannousa
** ''to teach → to be teaching → I'm teaching [at this moment]''

==== Reflexive infinitive ====
The reflexive infinitive (or the fifth infinitive) is the basic form of reflexive verbs. There are two types, one ending in ''-ej'' and one ending in ''-ij''. Stem lenghtening does not apply.

The forms are:
* -vij → '''-viej''', '''-viij'''
* -laj → '''-laej''', '''-laij'''
* -vaj → '''-vaej''', '''-vaij'''

=== Supines ===
==== First supine ====
The first supine is a form of verbs used after modal verbs (when they are used in their full form instead of the clitic form). Stem lenghtening applies.

The forms are:
* -vij → '''-tia''' (type I, II and III verbs), '''-ia''' (type IV and V verbs)
* -laj → '''-tie''' (type I, II and III verbs), '''-ie''' (type IV and V verbs)
* -vaj → '''-tio''' (type I, II and III verbs), '''-io''' (type IV and V verbs)
 
''NOTE:'' Verbs of the type I shorten the geminate consonant of the lenghtened stem:
* -tt- → -t-
* -ll- → -l-
* -nn- → -n-

==== Second supine ====
The second supine is a form of verbs used after phaseal verbs and verbs of movement. Stem lenghtening applies.

The forms are:
* -vij → '''-tiau''' (type I, II and III verbs), '''-iau''' (type IV and V verbs)
* -laj → '''-tieu''' (type I, II and III verbs), '''-ieu''' (type IV and V verbs)
* -vaj → '''-tiou''' (type I, II and III verbs), '''-iou''' (type IV and V verbs)
 
''NOTE:'' Verbs of the type I shorten the geminate consonant of the lenghtened stem:
* -tt- → -t-
* -ll- → -l-
* -nn- → -n-

=== Gerunds and participles ===
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg collapsible collapsed" style="text-align: center;"
! colspan="6" | Overview of gerunds and participles
|-
! !! -VIJ forms!! -LAJ forms !! -VAJ forms !! Stem !! ''Meaning''
|-
! Gerund I (verbal noun)
| -voi || -loi || -noi || no, C1 || ''Nominalised verb.''
|-
! Present Active Gerund I
| -(i)tat || -(i)lat || -(i)nat || yes || ''Simultaneous events.''
|-
! Present Active Gerund II
| -(i)taot || -(i)laot || -(i)naot || yes || ''An adverb of manner.''
|-
! Past Active Gerund
| | -(i)tait || -(i)lait || -(i)nait || yes || ''An action completed prior to the action of the main verb.''
|-
! Present Active Participle
| -(i)ti / -iei- || -(i)di / -iei- || -(i)ni / -iei- || yes || ''Adjectvies, replace certain relative clauses.''
|-
! Past Active Participle II
| -(i)tui / -iyi- || -(i)dui / -iyi- || -(i)nui / -iyi- || yes || ''Adjectvies, a quality acquired through action in the past.''
|-
! Past Passive Participle
| -isi || -isi || -isi || no || ''Adjectives.''
|-
! Past Active Participle I
| -rii ''(sg)'' -rie ''(du)'' -ria ''(pl)''|| | -nii ''(sg)'' -nie ''(du)'' -nia ''(pl)''|| | -gii ''(sg)'' -gie ''(du)'' -gia ''(pl)'' || yes* || ''Participles used to form compound tenses.''
|}

'''NOTE:''' Verbs of the type I shorten the geminate consonant of the lenghtened stem:
* -tt- → -t-
* -ll- → -l-
* -nn- → -n-

== Reflexive verbs ==
There are two types of reflexive verbs, the '''-ej''' verbs and the '''-ij''' verbs (indicated as ''-viej, -viij, -laej, -laij, -vaej, -vaij''). Their forms change depending on the person and number; and are attached to the verb.

{| class="bluetable lightbluebg collapsible collapsed" style="text-align: center;"
! colspan="4" | Reflexive suffixes
|-
! rowspan="2" | Number !! rowspan="2" | Person !! -EJ !! -IJ
|-
! clitic !! clitic
|-
! rowspan="3" | Singular !! 1st
| -re || -ro
|-
! 2nd
| -ne || -no
|-
! 3rd
| -se || -so
|-
! rowspan="3" | Dual !! 1st
| -ri || -ru
|-
! 2nd
| -ni || -nu
|-
! 3rd
| -si || -su
|-
! rowspan="3" | Plural !! 1st
| -ra || -rë
|-
! 2nd
| -na || -në
|-
! 3rd
| -sa || -së
|-
|}

== Gradation of verbs ==

== Verbal emphasis ==

[[Category:Laefêvëši]]

Laefêvëši/Verbs

2014-11-21T21:30:10Z

Ashucky: /* Moods */

'''Laefêvëši''' verbs are highly inflected.
{{TOC right}}
== Characteristics ==
<big>'''Types'''</big> 
Lexical verbs (full meaning)
* verbs of movement
Auxiliary verbs:
* phaseal verbs
* modal verbs
* the verb ''álaj'' (to be)

<big>'''Classes'''</big> 
Three classes:
# verbs on '''-vij'''
# verbs on '''-laj'''
# verbs on '''-vaj'''

<big>'''Number'''</big> 
Numbers:
* singular
* dual
* plural

<big>'''Aspect'''</big> 
# Perfective aspect
# Imperfective aspect

<big>'''Mood'''</big> 
Realis moods:
* Indicative
* Generic
Irrealis moods:
* Conditional
* Subjunctive
* Optative
* Jussive
* Reputative
* Presumptive
* Potential
* Hypothetical
* Admirative
* Imperative
* Inferencial/renarrative

<big>'''Tenses'''</big> 
Simple tenses:
* simple present
* simple past
* remote past
* nonpast
* pluperfect
* simple future
* future anterior
* nonfuture
* future-in-the-past

== Conjugation ==

=== Stem lengthening ===
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg collapsible collapsed"
! colspan="6" | Stem lengthening
|-
! Class !! Type I !! Type II !! Type III !! Type IV !! Type V
|-
! -VIJ
| -Vvij → -Vtt- || -[V]Jvij → -[V]Jat- || -[V]Kvij → -[V]KKat- || -CCvij → -CCi- || -[V]GGëvij → -[V]GGi-
|-
! -LAJ
| -Vlaj → -Vll- || -[V]Jlaj → -[V]Jal- || -[V]Klaj → -[V]KKal- || -CClaj → -CCu- || -[V]GGëlaj → -[V]GGu-
|-
! -VAJ
| -Vvaj → -Vnn- || -[V]Jvaj → -[V]Jan- || -[V]Kvaj → -[V]KKan- || -CCvaj → -CCi- || -[V]GGëvaj → -[V]GGi-
|-
! colspan="6" | Example
|-
! -VIJ
| návij → ná'''tt'''- || ná'''š'''vij → ná'''šat'''- || ná'''n'''vij → ná'''nnat'''- || ná'''nd'''vij → ná'''ndi'''- || ná'''nnë'''vij → ná'''nni'''-
|-
! -LAJ
| nálaj → ná'''ll'''- || ná'''š'''laj → ná'''šal'''- || ná'''n'''laj → ná'''nnal'''- || ná'''nd'''laj → ná'''ndu'''- || ná'''nnë'''laj → nná'''nnu'''-
|-
! -VAJ
| návaj → ná'''nn'''- || ná'''š'''vaj → ná'''šan'''- || ná'''n'''vaj → ná'''nnan'''- || ná'''nd'''vaj → ná'''ndi'''- || ná'''nnë'''vaj → ná'''nni'''-
|}

=== Tenses ===
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg collapsible collapsed"
! colspan="9" | Conjugation according to tense
|-
! rowspan="3" | Person !! colspan="6" | Simple present
|-
! colspan="2" | Singular !! colspan="2" | Dual !! colspan="2" | Plural
|-
! affirm. !! negat. !! affirm. !! negat. !! affirm. !! negat.
|-
! 1st
| -a || -ake || -e || -eke || -o || -oke
|-
! 2nd
| -an || -aŋe || -en || -eŋe || -on || -oŋe
|-
! 3rd
| -as || -aksi || -es || -eksi || -os || -oksi
|-
! !! colspan="6" | Simple past
|-
! 1st
| -ai || -aike || -ei || -eike || -oi || -oike
|-
! 2nd
| -ain || -aiŋe || -ein || -eiŋe || -oin || -oiŋe
|-
! 3rd
| -ais || -aiksi || -eis || -eiksi || -ois || -oiksi
|-
! !! colspan="6" | Nonpast
|-
! 1st
| -ao || -aoke || -eo || -eoke || -oo || -ooke
|-
! 2nd
| -aon || -aoŋe || -eon || -eoŋe || -oon || -ooŋe
|-
! 3rd
| -aos || -aoksi || -eos || -eoksi || -oos || -ooksi
|-
! !! colspan="6" | Pluperfect
|-
! 1st
| -ø || -øke || -øi || -øike || -iø || -iøke
|-
! 2nd
| -øn || -øŋe || -øin || -øiŋe || -iøn || -iøŋe
|-
! 3rd
| -øs || -øksi || -øis || -øiksi || -iøs || -iøksi
|-
! !! colspan="6" | Remote past
|-
! 1st
| -ae || -aeke || -ee || -eeke || -oe || -oeke
|-
! 2nd
| -aen || -aeŋe || -een || -eeŋe || -oen || -oeŋe
|-
! 3rd
| -aes || -aeksi || -ees || -eeksi || -oes || -oeksi
|-
! !! colspan="6" | Simple future
|-
! 1st
| -au || -auke || -eu || -euke || -ou || -ouke
|-
! 2nd
| -aun || -auŋe || -eun || -euŋe || -oun || -ouŋe
|-
! 3rd
| -aus || -auksi || -eus || -euksi || -ous || -ouksi
|-
! !! colspan="6" | Nonfuture
|-
! 1st
| -ë || -ëke || -ëi || -ëike || -ië || -iëke
|-
! 2nd
| -ën || -ëŋe || -ëin || -ëiŋe || -iën || -iëŋe
|-
! 3rd
| -ës || -ëksi || -ëis || -ëiksi || -iës || -iëksi
|-
! !! colspan="6" | Future anterior
|-
! 1st
| -y || -yke || -yi || -yike || -iy || -iyke
|-
! 2nd
| -yn || -yŋe || -yin || -yiŋe || -iyn || -iyŋe
|-
! 3rd
| -ys || -yksi || -yis || -yiksi || -iys || -iyksi
|-
! !! colspan="6" | Future-in-the-past
|-
! 1st
| -aa || -aake || -ea || -eake || -oa || -oake
|-
! 2nd
| -aan || -aaŋe || -ean || -eaŋe || -oan || -oaŋe
|-
! 3rd
| -aas || -aaksi || -eas || -eaksi || -oas || -oaksi
|-
|}

==== Compound tenses ====
Compound tenses are formed with the auxilliary verb ''álaj'' (to be) and past active participle.

Compound tenses are rarely used, and when they are, usually there's a clause inserted between the auxilliary and the past active participle.

=== Moods ===
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg collapsible collapsed" style="text-align: center;"
! colspan="3" | Mood suffixes
|-
! Mood !! Long form !! Short form
|-
! Indicative
| -/ || -/
|-
! Generic
| -an || -n
|-
! Conditional
| -am || -m
|-
! Subjunctive
| -al || -l
|-
! Optative
| -ak || -k
|-
! Jussive
| -ah || -h
|-
! Reputative
| -ar || -r
|-
! Presumptive
| -ag || -g
|-
! Potential
| -as || -s
|-
! Hypothetical
| -av || -v
|-
! Admirative
| -at || -t
|-
|}

==== Imperative ====
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg collapsible collapsed" style="text-align: center;"
! colspan="7" | Imperative conjugation
|-
! rowspan="3" | Person !! colspan="6" | Imperative
|-
! colspan="2" | Singular !! colspan="2" | Dual !! colspan="2" | Plural
|-
! affirm. !! negat. !! affirm. !! negat. !! affirm. !! negat.
|-
! 1st
| -/ || -/ || -et(e) || -ekt(e) || -ot(o) || -okt(e)
|-
! 2nd
| -ar(a) || -ark(e) || -er(e) || -erk(e) || -or(o) || -ork(e)
|-
! 3rd
| -/ || -/ || -/ || -/ || -/ || -/
|-
|}

=== Causative ===
The causative is a verbal form with the meaning of "to make/cause someone/something do something". It is formed with an infixiated verb between the stem of the lexical verb and the inflection of the lexical verb, much like modal and phaseal verbs. Both the lexical verb and the causative infix can be inflected.

The bare causative infix is: '''-ajsk-'''

There are three types of causative derived from the original causative above:
* '''-ajsk-''' is the default or neuter causative that means both "make" and "cause"
* '''-ejst-''' is the volitional causative: to make on purpose, to force
* '''-ojst-''' is the non-volitional causatve: to cause by accident
 
Inflextion of the causative (the agent of the verb) immediately follows the causative infix, and the inflection of the lexical verb is then added to the inflected causative. When negating, the position of the negation depends on what is negated, the lexical verb or the causative infix.

The formation paradigm is as follows: (agent) + (object 1) + [lexical verb]-ajsk-[agent inflection]-[object 1 inflection] + (object 1) + (object 2)

{| class="bluetable lightbluebg collapsible collapsed" style="text-align: center;"
! colspan="17" | Examples without expressed agents and objects 1
|-
! colspan="4" | Example 1 !! rowspan="6" | !! colspan="5" | Example 2 !! rowspan="6" | !! colspan="6" | Example 3
|-
| ávaj || ánnan || -ajsk- || -ajskah-
| šânvaj || šânnanan || -ajsk- || -ajskaih- || winádo
| káulaj || káullan || -ajsk- || -ajskais- || -ajskaiksi- || ýttafa
|-
| ''to go'' || ''you go'' || ''make'' || ''I make''
| ''to rule'' || ''you rule'' || ''make'' || ''I made'' || ''country''
| ''draw'' || ''you draw'' || ''make'' || ''he made'' || ''he made not'' || ''lines''
|-
| colspan="4" | Ánnajskahan.
| colspan="5" | Šânnanajskaihan winádo.
| colspan="6" | Káullajskaiksian ýttafa
|-
| colspan="4" | go-make-I-you
| colspan="5" | rule-make-I-ed-you country
| colspan="6" | draw-make-he-ed-not-you lines
|-
| colspan="4" | ''I make you go.''
| colspan="5" | ''I made you rule the country.''
| colspan="6" | ''He didn't make you draw the lines.''
|}

{| class="bluetable lightbluebg collapsible collapsed" style="text-align: center;"
! colspan="23" | Examples with agents and objects 1 expressed
|-
! colspan="6" | Example 4 !! rowspan="6" | !! colspan="7" | Example 5 !! rowspan="6" | !! colspan="8" | Example 6
|-
| ó || se || ávaj || ánnan || -ajsk- || -ajskah-
| ó || se || šânvaj || šânnanan || -ajsk- || -ajskaih- || winádo
| â || sa || káulaj || káullan || -ajsk- || -ajskais- || -ajskaiksi- || ýttafa.
|-
| ''I'' || ''you'' || ''to go'' || ''you go'' || ''make'' || ''I make''
| ''I'' || ''you'' || ''to rule'' || ''you rule'' || ''make'' || ''I made'' || ''country''
| ''he'' || ''you'' || ''draw'' || ''you draw'' || ''make'' || ''he made'' || ''he made not'' || ''lines''
|-
| colspan="6" | Ó se ánnajskahan. / Ó ánnajskahan se.
| colspan="7" | Ó se šânnanajskaihan winádo. / Ó šânnanajskaihan se winádo.
| colspan="8" | Â sa káullajskaiksian ýttafa. / Â káullajskaiksian sa ýttafa.
|-
| colspan="6" | I you go-make-I-you / I go-make-I-you you
| colspan="7" | I you rule-make-I-ed-you country / I rule-make-I-ed-you you country
| colspan="8" | he you draw-make-he-ed-not-you lines / he draw-make-he-ed-not-you you lines
|-
| colspan="6" | ''I make you go.''
| colspan="7" | ''I made you rule the country.''
| colspan="8" | ''He didn't make you draw the lines.''
|}

Other examples:
* Ánnajskaiha'''ŋe'''.
** ''I made you '''not''' go.''
* Ánnajskaikeaŋe. / Ánnajskaikehaŋe.
** ''I didn't make you not go.''
* Ánnajskalléhan. / Ánnajskalléhahan.
** ''I can make you go.''
* Ánnajskallékehan.
** ''I can't make you go.''
* Ánnajskallékehaŋe.
** ''I can't make you not go.''
* Ánnajskalléketeŋe.
** ''I can't not make you not go.''

== ''Álaj'' (to be) ==
{{Main|Álaj (verb)}}

== Auxiliary verbs ==
Several verbs have clitic forms, sometimes they act as infixes, too. In first person, they're simply added to the conjugational suffix; in second and third person, they're inserted between the vowel(s) and the final consonant of the conjugational suffix.

Three main types of auxiliary verbs are:
# modal verbs
# phaseal verbs
# verbs of movement
 
Examples:
* ''Vétta.'' → ''Vétta'''nné'''.''
** I give. → I have to give.
* ''Véttos.'' → ''Vétto'''nné'''s.''
** They give. → They have to give.
* ''Nótta.''→ ''Nótta'''nój'''.''
** I work. → I start to work.
* ''Nóttos.''→ ''Nótto'''nój'''s.''
** They work. → They start to work.

{| class="bluetable lightbluebg collapsible collapsed"
! colspan="3" | Auxiliary verbs
|-
! Full form !! Clitic !! English
|-
| álvaj || -nnó || ''to wish''
|-
| élvaj || -nní || ''to wish''
|-
| évivaj || -nné || ''have to'', ''must''
|-
| vírvij || -ttí || ''can'', ''to be allowed to''
|-
| óvlaj || -lló || ''can be done'', ''to be possible''
|-
| vélaj || -llé || ''can''
|-
| újelaj || -llú || ''to want''
|-
| - || -ttý || ''to like''
|-
| - || -ttǿ || ''would like''
|-
| ávivaj || -nná || ''should''
|-
| ǿlvaj || -nnǿ || ''to wish (to oneself)''
|-
| ýlvaj || -nný || ''to wish (to oneself)''
|-
| nášlaj || -llá || ''to manage'', ''to be able to''
|-
| || -ttá || ''to go''
|-
|}

{| class="bluetable lightbluebg collapsible collapsed" style="text-align: center;"
! colspan="3" |Phaseal verbs
|-
|-
! Full form !! Clitic !! English
|-
| onóvaj || -nój || ''to begin''
|-
| mâivij || -máj || ''to finish''
|-
| nâivij || -náj || ''to finish/complete''
|-
| hélaj || -héj || ''to stop''
|-
|}

=== Auxilliary verb ''álaj'' (to be) ===
The verb ''to be'' is used as an ausxilliary verb in compound tenses. The auxilliary is fully inflected and the past active participle is inflected only by number. The auxilliary is somewhat special as it has stress on the actual inflection, which is marked. For moods other than the indicative, the indicative '''m-''' is replaced with the appropriate stem.

{| class="bluetable lightbluebg collapsible collapsed"
! colspan="7" | Auxilliary ''álaj'' in the indicative
|-
! rowspan="3" | Person !! colspan="6" | Simple present
|-
! colspan="2" | Singular !! colspan="2" | Dual !! colspan="2" | Plural
|-
! affirm. !! negat. !! affirm. !! negat. !! affirm. !! negat.
|-
! 1st
| má || máke || mé || méke || mó || móke
|-
! 2nd
| mán || máŋe || mén || méŋe || món || móŋe
|-
! 3rd
| más || máksi || més || méksi || mós || móksi
|-
! !! colspan="6" | Simple past
|-
! 1st
| mái || máike || méi || méike || mói || móike
|-
! 2nd
| máin || máiŋe || méin || méiŋe || móin || móiŋe
|-
! 3rd
| máis || máiksi || méis || méiksi || móis || móiksi
|-
! !! colspan="6" | Nonpast
|-
! 1st
| máo || máoke || méo || méoke || móo || móoke
|-
! 2nd
| máon || máoŋe || méon || méoŋe || móon || móoŋe
|-
! 3rd
| máos || máoksi || méos || méoksi || móos || móoksi
|-
! !! colspan="6" | Pluperfect
|-
! 1st
| mǿ || mǿke || mǿi || mǿike || míø || míøke
|-
! 2nd
| mǿn || mǿŋe || mǿin || mǿiŋe || míøn || míøŋe
|-
! 3rd
| mǿs || mǿksi || mǿis || mǿiksi || míøs || míøksi
|-
! !! colspan="6" | Remote past
|-
! 1st
| máe || máeke || mée || méeke || móe || móeke
|-
! 2nd
| máen || máeŋe || méen || méeŋe || -oen || -oeŋe
|-
! 3rd
| máes || máeksi || mées || méeksi || -oes || -oeksi
|-
! !! colspan="6" | Simple future
|-
! 1st
| máu || máuke || méu || méuke || móu || móuke
|-
! 2nd
| máun || máuŋe || méun || méuŋe || móun || móouŋe
|-
! 3rd
| máus || máuksi || méus || méuksi || móus || móuksi
|-
! !! colspan="6" | Nonfuture
|-
! 1st
| mĕ || mĕke || mĕi || mĕike || míë || míëke
|-
! 2nd
| mĕn || mĕŋe || mĕin || mĕiŋe || míën || míëŋe
|-
! 3rd
| mĕs || mĕksi || mĕis || mĕiksi || míës || míëksi
|-
! !! colspan="6" | Future anterior
|-
! 1st
| mý || mýke || mýi || mýike || míy || míyke
|-
! 2nd
| mýn || mýŋe || mýin || mýiŋe || míyn || míyŋe
|-
! 3rd
| mýs || mýksi || mýis || mýiksi || míys || míyksi
|-
! !! colspan="6" | Future-in-the-past
|-
! 1st
| máa || máake || méa || méake || móa || móake
|-
! 2nd
| máan || máaŋe || méan || méaŋe || móan || móaŋe
|-
! 3rd
| máas || máaksi || méas || méaksi || móas || móaksi
|-
|}
 
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg collapsible collapsed" style="text-align: center;"
! colspan="3" | Mood stems
|-
! Mood !! Formation !! ''Example''
|-
! Generic
| enn- || ''enná''
|-
! Conditional
| enm- || ''enmá''
|-
! Subjunctive
| enl- || ''enlá''
|-
! Optative
| enk- || ''enká''
|-
! Jussive
| enh- || ''enhá''
|-
! Reputative
| enr- || ''enrá''
|-
! Presumptive
| eng- || ''engá''
|-
! Potential
| ens- || ''ensá''
|-
! If-potential
| env- || ''envá''
|-
! Admirative
| ent- || ''entá''
|-
|}

== Non-finite forms ==

=== Infinitives ===
==== First infinitive ====
The first infinitive is the basic form of verbs. It is a marked form, the suffixes are ''-vaj'', ''-laj'' and ''-vij''. Each suffix corresponds to one verbal class and each class undergoes a different change when conjugating.

==== Second infinitive ====
The second infinitive is a form derived from the first infititive. It can be used with one case, the benefactive, although it is mainly omitted; it usually indicates intention. Stem lenghtening does not apply. When combined with reflexive verbs, the forms are slightly changed (shown in brackets).

The forms are:
* -vij → '''-vyyn''' ('''-vyen''')
* -laj → '''-laan''' ('''-laen''')
* -vaj → '''-vøøn''' ('''-vøen''')

==== Third infinitive ====
The third infititive is a form of the verb meaning "to be just about to ..." . It is different from other infinitives because it is formed from two parts. One part is always attached to the verb while the other is the actual infinitival suffix which is removed when conjugated. Stem lenghtening applies.

The forms are:
* -vij → '''-(t)einviaj'''
* -laj → '''-(l)ainlaaj'''
* -vaj → '''-(n)oinvaaj'''
 
Example:
Example:
* vévij → vétteinviaj → vétteina
** ''to give → to be about to give → I'm about to give
*névvaj → névvannoinvaaj → névvannoina
** ''to teach → to be about to teach → I'm about to teach''

==== Progressive infinitive ====
The progressive infinitive (or the fourth infinitive) is the basic form of verb indicating progressiveness. Both imperfective and perfective verbs can become progressive. The progressive form expresses an action taking place at the moment of speaking. The progressive infinitive is similar to the third infinitive because it's formed from two parts. One part is always attached to the verb while the other is the actual infinitival suffix which is removed when conjugated. Stem lenghtening applies.

The forms are:
* -vij → '''-(t)eusvinj'''
* -laj → '''-(l)auslanj'''
* -vaj → '''-(n)ousvanj'''
 
Example:
* vévij → vétteusvinj → vétteusa
** ''to give → to be giving → I'm giving [at this moment]''
*névvaj → névvannousvanj → névvannousa
** ''to teach → to be teaching → I'm teaching [at this moment]''

==== Reflexive infinitive ====
The reflexive infinitive (or the fifth infinitive) is the basic form of reflexive verbs. There are two types, one ending in ''-ej'' and one ending in ''-ij''. Stem lenghtening does not apply.

The forms are:
* -vij → '''-viej''', '''-viij'''
* -laj → '''-laej''', '''-laij'''
* -vaj → '''-vaej''', '''-vaij'''

=== Supines ===
==== First supine ====
The first supine is a form of verbs used after modal verbs (when they are used in their full form instead of the clitic form). Stem lenghtening applies.

The forms are:
* -vij → '''-tia''' (type I, II and III verbs), '''-ia''' (type IV and V verbs)
* -laj → '''-tie''' (type I, II and III verbs), '''-ie''' (type IV and V verbs)
* -vaj → '''-tio''' (type I, II and III verbs), '''-io''' (type IV and V verbs)
 
''NOTE:'' Verbs of the type I shorten the geminate consonant of the lenghtened stem:
* -tt- → -t-
* -ll- → -l-
* -nn- → -n-

==== Second supine ====
The second supine is a form of verbs used after phaseal verbs and verbs of movement. Stem lenghtening applies.

The forms are:
* -vij → '''-tiau''' (type I, II and III verbs), '''-iau''' (type IV and V verbs)
* -laj → '''-tieu''' (type I, II and III verbs), '''-ieu''' (type IV and V verbs)
* -vaj → '''-tiou''' (type I, II and III verbs), '''-iou''' (type IV and V verbs)
 
''NOTE:'' Verbs of the type I shorten the geminate consonant of the lenghtened stem:
* -tt- → -t-
* -ll- → -l-
* -nn- → -n-

=== Gerunds and participles ===
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg collapsible collapsed" style="text-align: center;"
! colspan="6" | Overview of gerunds and participles
|-
! !! -VIJ forms!! -LAJ forms !! -VAJ forms !! Stem !! ''Meaning''
|-
! Gerund I (verbal noun)
| -voi || -loi || -noi || no, C1 || ''Nominalised verb.''
|-
! Present Active Gerund I
| -(i)tat || -(i)lat || -(i)nat || yes || ''Simultaneous events.''
|-
! Present Active Gerund II
| -(i)taot || -(i)laot || -(i)naot || yes || ''An adverb of manner.''
|-
! Past Active Gerund
| | -(i)tait || -(i)lait || -(i)nait || yes || ''An action completed prior to the action of the main verb.''
|-
! Present Active Participle
| -(i)ti / -iei- || -(i)di / -iei- || -(i)ni / -iei- || yes || ''Adjectvies, replace certain relative clauses.''
|-
! Past Active Participle II
| -(i)tui / -iyi- || -(i)dui / -iyi- || -(i)nui / -iyi- || yes || ''Adjectvies, a quality acquired through action in the past.''
|-
! Past Passive Participle
| -isi || -isi || -isi || no || ''Adjectives.''
|-
! Past Active Participle I
| -rii ''(sg)'' -rie ''(du)'' -ria ''(pl)''|| | -nii ''(sg)'' -nie ''(du)'' -nia ''(pl)''|| | -gii ''(sg)'' -gie ''(du)'' -gia ''(pl)'' || yes* || ''Participles used to form compound tenses.''
|}

'''NOTE:''' Verbs of the type I shorten the geminate consonant of the lenghtened stem:
* -tt- → -t-
* -ll- → -l-
* -nn- → -n-

== Reflexive verbs ==
There are two types of reflexive verbs, the '''-ej''' verbs and the '''-ij''' verbs (indicated as ''-viej, -viij, -laej, -laij, -vaej, -vaij''). Their forms change depending on the person and number; and are attached to the verb.

{| class="bluetable lightbluebg collapsible collapsed" style="text-align: center;"
! colspan="4" | Reflexive suffixes
|-
! rowspan="2" | Number !! rowspan="2" | Person !! -EJ !! -IJ
|-
! clitic !! clitic
|-
! rowspan="3" | Singular !! 1st
| -re || -ro
|-
! 2nd
| -ne || -no
|-
! 3rd
| -se || -so
|-
! rowspan="3" | Dual !! 1st
| -ri || -ru
|-
! 2nd
| -ni || -nu
|-
! 3rd
| -si || -su
|-
! rowspan="3" | Plural !! 1st
| -ra || -rë
|-
! 2nd
| -na || -në
|-
! 3rd
| -sa || -së
|-
|}

== Gradation of verbs ==

== Verbal emphasis ==

[[Category:Laefêvëši]]

Laefêvëši/Verbs

2014-11-21T21:29:48Z

Ashucky: /* Characteristics */

'''Laefêvëši''' verbs are highly inflected.
{{TOC right}}
== Characteristics ==
<big>'''Types'''</big> 
Lexical verbs (full meaning)
* verbs of movement
Auxiliary verbs:
* phaseal verbs
* modal verbs
* the verb ''álaj'' (to be)

<big>'''Classes'''</big> 
Three classes:
# verbs on '''-vij'''
# verbs on '''-laj'''
# verbs on '''-vaj'''

<big>'''Number'''</big> 
Numbers:
* singular
* dual
* plural

<big>'''Aspect'''</big> 
# Perfective aspect
# Imperfective aspect

<big>'''Mood'''</big> 
Realis moods:
* Indicative
* Generic
Irrealis moods:
* Conditional
* Subjunctive
* Optative
* Jussive
* Reputative
* Presumptive
* Potential
* Hypothetical
* Admirative
* Imperative
* Inferencial/renarrative

<big>'''Tenses'''</big> 
Simple tenses:
* simple present
* simple past
* remote past
* nonpast
* pluperfect
* simple future
* future anterior
* nonfuture
* future-in-the-past

== Conjugation ==

=== Stem lengthening ===
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg collapsible collapsed"
! colspan="6" | Stem lengthening
|-
! Class !! Type I !! Type II !! Type III !! Type IV !! Type V
|-
! -VIJ
| -Vvij → -Vtt- || -[V]Jvij → -[V]Jat- || -[V]Kvij → -[V]KKat- || -CCvij → -CCi- || -[V]GGëvij → -[V]GGi-
|-
! -LAJ
| -Vlaj → -Vll- || -[V]Jlaj → -[V]Jal- || -[V]Klaj → -[V]KKal- || -CClaj → -CCu- || -[V]GGëlaj → -[V]GGu-
|-
! -VAJ
| -Vvaj → -Vnn- || -[V]Jvaj → -[V]Jan- || -[V]Kvaj → -[V]KKan- || -CCvaj → -CCi- || -[V]GGëvaj → -[V]GGi-
|-
! colspan="6" | Example
|-
! -VIJ
| návij → ná'''tt'''- || ná'''š'''vij → ná'''šat'''- || ná'''n'''vij → ná'''nnat'''- || ná'''nd'''vij → ná'''ndi'''- || ná'''nnë'''vij → ná'''nni'''-
|-
! -LAJ
| nálaj → ná'''ll'''- || ná'''š'''laj → ná'''šal'''- || ná'''n'''laj → ná'''nnal'''- || ná'''nd'''laj → ná'''ndu'''- || ná'''nnë'''laj → nná'''nnu'''-
|-
! -VAJ
| návaj → ná'''nn'''- || ná'''š'''vaj → ná'''šan'''- || ná'''n'''vaj → ná'''nnan'''- || ná'''nd'''vaj → ná'''ndi'''- || ná'''nnë'''vaj → ná'''nni'''-
|}

=== Tenses ===
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg collapsible collapsed"
! colspan="9" | Conjugation according to tense
|-
! rowspan="3" | Person !! colspan="6" | Simple present
|-
! colspan="2" | Singular !! colspan="2" | Dual !! colspan="2" | Plural
|-
! affirm. !! negat. !! affirm. !! negat. !! affirm. !! negat.
|-
! 1st
| -a || -ake || -e || -eke || -o || -oke
|-
! 2nd
| -an || -aŋe || -en || -eŋe || -on || -oŋe
|-
! 3rd
| -as || -aksi || -es || -eksi || -os || -oksi
|-
! !! colspan="6" | Simple past
|-
! 1st
| -ai || -aike || -ei || -eike || -oi || -oike
|-
! 2nd
| -ain || -aiŋe || -ein || -eiŋe || -oin || -oiŋe
|-
! 3rd
| -ais || -aiksi || -eis || -eiksi || -ois || -oiksi
|-
! !! colspan="6" | Nonpast
|-
! 1st
| -ao || -aoke || -eo || -eoke || -oo || -ooke
|-
! 2nd
| -aon || -aoŋe || -eon || -eoŋe || -oon || -ooŋe
|-
! 3rd
| -aos || -aoksi || -eos || -eoksi || -oos || -ooksi
|-
! !! colspan="6" | Pluperfect
|-
! 1st
| -ø || -øke || -øi || -øike || -iø || -iøke
|-
! 2nd
| -øn || -øŋe || -øin || -øiŋe || -iøn || -iøŋe
|-
! 3rd
| -øs || -øksi || -øis || -øiksi || -iøs || -iøksi
|-
! !! colspan="6" | Remote past
|-
! 1st
| -ae || -aeke || -ee || -eeke || -oe || -oeke
|-
! 2nd
| -aen || -aeŋe || -een || -eeŋe || -oen || -oeŋe
|-
! 3rd
| -aes || -aeksi || -ees || -eeksi || -oes || -oeksi
|-
! !! colspan="6" | Simple future
|-
! 1st
| -au || -auke || -eu || -euke || -ou || -ouke
|-
! 2nd
| -aun || -auŋe || -eun || -euŋe || -oun || -ouŋe
|-
! 3rd
| -aus || -auksi || -eus || -euksi || -ous || -ouksi
|-
! !! colspan="6" | Nonfuture
|-
! 1st
| -ë || -ëke || -ëi || -ëike || -ië || -iëke
|-
! 2nd
| -ën || -ëŋe || -ëin || -ëiŋe || -iën || -iëŋe
|-
! 3rd
| -ës || -ëksi || -ëis || -ëiksi || -iës || -iëksi
|-
! !! colspan="6" | Future anterior
|-
! 1st
| -y || -yke || -yi || -yike || -iy || -iyke
|-
! 2nd
| -yn || -yŋe || -yin || -yiŋe || -iyn || -iyŋe
|-
! 3rd
| -ys || -yksi || -yis || -yiksi || -iys || -iyksi
|-
! !! colspan="6" | Future-in-the-past
|-
! 1st
| -aa || -aake || -ea || -eake || -oa || -oake
|-
! 2nd
| -aan || -aaŋe || -ean || -eaŋe || -oan || -oaŋe
|-
! 3rd
| -aas || -aaksi || -eas || -eaksi || -oas || -oaksi
|-
|}

==== Compound tenses ====
Compound tenses are formed with the auxilliary verb ''álaj'' (to be) and past active participle.

Compound tenses are rarely used, and when they are, usually there's a clause inserted between the auxilliary and the past active participle.

=== Moods ===
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg collapsible collapsed" style="text-align: center;"
! colspan="3" | Mood suffixes
|-
! Mood !! Long form !! Short form
|-
! Indicative
| -/ || -/
|-
! Generic
| -an || -n
|-
! Conditional
| -am || -m
|-
! Subjunctive
| -al || -l
|-
! Optative
| -ak || -k
|-
! Jussive
| -ah || -h
|-
! Reputative
| -ar || -r
|-
! Presumptive
| -ag || -g
|-
! Potential
| -as || -s
|-
! If-potential
| -av || -v
|-
! Admirative
| -at || -t
|-
|}

==== Imperative ====
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg collapsible collapsed" style="text-align: center;"
! colspan="7" | Imperative conjugation
|-
! rowspan="3" | Person !! colspan="6" | Imperative
|-
! colspan="2" | Singular !! colspan="2" | Dual !! colspan="2" | Plural
|-
! affirm. !! negat. !! affirm. !! negat. !! affirm. !! negat.
|-
! 1st
| -/ || -/ || -et(e) || -ekt(e) || -ot(o) || -okt(e)
|-
! 2nd
| -ar(a) || -ark(e) || -er(e) || -erk(e) || -or(o) || -ork(e)
|-
! 3rd
| -/ || -/ || -/ || -/ || -/ || -/
|-
|}

=== Causative ===
The causative is a verbal form with the meaning of "to make/cause someone/something do something". It is formed with an infixiated verb between the stem of the lexical verb and the inflection of the lexical verb, much like modal and phaseal verbs. Both the lexical verb and the causative infix can be inflected.

The bare causative infix is: '''-ajsk-'''

There are three types of causative derived from the original causative above:
* '''-ajsk-''' is the default or neuter causative that means both "make" and "cause"
* '''-ejst-''' is the volitional causative: to make on purpose, to force
* '''-ojst-''' is the non-volitional causatve: to cause by accident
 
Inflextion of the causative (the agent of the verb) immediately follows the causative infix, and the inflection of the lexical verb is then added to the inflected causative. When negating, the position of the negation depends on what is negated, the lexical verb or the causative infix.

The formation paradigm is as follows: (agent) + (object 1) + [lexical verb]-ajsk-[agent inflection]-[object 1 inflection] + (object 1) + (object 2)

{| class="bluetable lightbluebg collapsible collapsed" style="text-align: center;"
! colspan="17" | Examples without expressed agents and objects 1
|-
! colspan="4" | Example 1 !! rowspan="6" | !! colspan="5" | Example 2 !! rowspan="6" | !! colspan="6" | Example 3
|-
| ávaj || ánnan || -ajsk- || -ajskah-
| šânvaj || šânnanan || -ajsk- || -ajskaih- || winádo
| káulaj || káullan || -ajsk- || -ajskais- || -ajskaiksi- || ýttafa
|-
| ''to go'' || ''you go'' || ''make'' || ''I make''
| ''to rule'' || ''you rule'' || ''make'' || ''I made'' || ''country''
| ''draw'' || ''you draw'' || ''make'' || ''he made'' || ''he made not'' || ''lines''
|-
| colspan="4" | Ánnajskahan.
| colspan="5" | Šânnanajskaihan winádo.
| colspan="6" | Káullajskaiksian ýttafa
|-
| colspan="4" | go-make-I-you
| colspan="5" | rule-make-I-ed-you country
| colspan="6" | draw-make-he-ed-not-you lines
|-
| colspan="4" | ''I make you go.''
| colspan="5" | ''I made you rule the country.''
| colspan="6" | ''He didn't make you draw the lines.''
|}

{| class="bluetable lightbluebg collapsible collapsed" style="text-align: center;"
! colspan="23" | Examples with agents and objects 1 expressed
|-
! colspan="6" | Example 4 !! rowspan="6" | !! colspan="7" | Example 5 !! rowspan="6" | !! colspan="8" | Example 6
|-
| ó || se || ávaj || ánnan || -ajsk- || -ajskah-
| ó || se || šânvaj || šânnanan || -ajsk- || -ajskaih- || winádo
| â || sa || káulaj || káullan || -ajsk- || -ajskais- || -ajskaiksi- || ýttafa.
|-
| ''I'' || ''you'' || ''to go'' || ''you go'' || ''make'' || ''I make''
| ''I'' || ''you'' || ''to rule'' || ''you rule'' || ''make'' || ''I made'' || ''country''
| ''he'' || ''you'' || ''draw'' || ''you draw'' || ''make'' || ''he made'' || ''he made not'' || ''lines''
|-
| colspan="6" | Ó se ánnajskahan. / Ó ánnajskahan se.
| colspan="7" | Ó se šânnanajskaihan winádo. / Ó šânnanajskaihan se winádo.
| colspan="8" | Â sa káullajskaiksian ýttafa. / Â káullajskaiksian sa ýttafa.
|-
| colspan="6" | I you go-make-I-you / I go-make-I-you you
| colspan="7" | I you rule-make-I-ed-you country / I rule-make-I-ed-you you country
| colspan="8" | he you draw-make-he-ed-not-you lines / he draw-make-he-ed-not-you you lines
|-
| colspan="6" | ''I make you go.''
| colspan="7" | ''I made you rule the country.''
| colspan="8" | ''He didn't make you draw the lines.''
|}

Other examples:
* Ánnajskaiha'''ŋe'''.
** ''I made you '''not''' go.''
* Ánnajskaikeaŋe. / Ánnajskaikehaŋe.
** ''I didn't make you not go.''
* Ánnajskalléhan. / Ánnajskalléhahan.
** ''I can make you go.''
* Ánnajskallékehan.
** ''I can't make you go.''
* Ánnajskallékehaŋe.
** ''I can't make you not go.''
* Ánnajskalléketeŋe.
** ''I can't not make you not go.''

== ''Álaj'' (to be) ==
{{Main|Álaj (verb)}}

== Auxiliary verbs ==
Several verbs have clitic forms, sometimes they act as infixes, too. In first person, they're simply added to the conjugational suffix; in second and third person, they're inserted between the vowel(s) and the final consonant of the conjugational suffix.

Three main types of auxiliary verbs are:
# modal verbs
# phaseal verbs
# verbs of movement
 
Examples:
* ''Vétta.'' → ''Vétta'''nné'''.''
** I give. → I have to give.
* ''Véttos.'' → ''Vétto'''nné'''s.''
** They give. → They have to give.
* ''Nótta.''→ ''Nótta'''nój'''.''
** I work. → I start to work.
* ''Nóttos.''→ ''Nótto'''nój'''s.''
** They work. → They start to work.

{| class="bluetable lightbluebg collapsible collapsed"
! colspan="3" | Auxiliary verbs
|-
! Full form !! Clitic !! English
|-
| álvaj || -nnó || ''to wish''
|-
| élvaj || -nní || ''to wish''
|-
| évivaj || -nné || ''have to'', ''must''
|-
| vírvij || -ttí || ''can'', ''to be allowed to''
|-
| óvlaj || -lló || ''can be done'', ''to be possible''
|-
| vélaj || -llé || ''can''
|-
| újelaj || -llú || ''to want''
|-
| - || -ttý || ''to like''
|-
| - || -ttǿ || ''would like''
|-
| ávivaj || -nná || ''should''
|-
| ǿlvaj || -nnǿ || ''to wish (to oneself)''
|-
| ýlvaj || -nný || ''to wish (to oneself)''
|-
| nášlaj || -llá || ''to manage'', ''to be able to''
|-
| || -ttá || ''to go''
|-
|}

{| class="bluetable lightbluebg collapsible collapsed" style="text-align: center;"
! colspan="3" |Phaseal verbs
|-
|-
! Full form !! Clitic !! English
|-
| onóvaj || -nój || ''to begin''
|-
| mâivij || -máj || ''to finish''
|-
| nâivij || -náj || ''to finish/complete''
|-
| hélaj || -héj || ''to stop''
|-
|}

=== Auxilliary verb ''álaj'' (to be) ===
The verb ''to be'' is used as an ausxilliary verb in compound tenses. The auxilliary is fully inflected and the past active participle is inflected only by number. The auxilliary is somewhat special as it has stress on the actual inflection, which is marked. For moods other than the indicative, the indicative '''m-''' is replaced with the appropriate stem.

{| class="bluetable lightbluebg collapsible collapsed"
! colspan="7" | Auxilliary ''álaj'' in the indicative
|-
! rowspan="3" | Person !! colspan="6" | Simple present
|-
! colspan="2" | Singular !! colspan="2" | Dual !! colspan="2" | Plural
|-
! affirm. !! negat. !! affirm. !! negat. !! affirm. !! negat.
|-
! 1st
| má || máke || mé || méke || mó || móke
|-
! 2nd
| mán || máŋe || mén || méŋe || món || móŋe
|-
! 3rd
| más || máksi || més || méksi || mós || móksi
|-
! !! colspan="6" | Simple past
|-
! 1st
| mái || máike || méi || méike || mói || móike
|-
! 2nd
| máin || máiŋe || méin || méiŋe || móin || móiŋe
|-
! 3rd
| máis || máiksi || méis || méiksi || móis || móiksi
|-
! !! colspan="6" | Nonpast
|-
! 1st
| máo || máoke || méo || méoke || móo || móoke
|-
! 2nd
| máon || máoŋe || méon || méoŋe || móon || móoŋe
|-
! 3rd
| máos || máoksi || méos || méoksi || móos || móoksi
|-
! !! colspan="6" | Pluperfect
|-
! 1st
| mǿ || mǿke || mǿi || mǿike || míø || míøke
|-
! 2nd
| mǿn || mǿŋe || mǿin || mǿiŋe || míøn || míøŋe
|-
! 3rd
| mǿs || mǿksi || mǿis || mǿiksi || míøs || míøksi
|-
! !! colspan="6" | Remote past
|-
! 1st
| máe || máeke || mée || méeke || móe || móeke
|-
! 2nd
| máen || máeŋe || méen || méeŋe || -oen || -oeŋe
|-
! 3rd
| máes || máeksi || mées || méeksi || -oes || -oeksi
|-
! !! colspan="6" | Simple future
|-
! 1st
| máu || máuke || méu || méuke || móu || móuke
|-
! 2nd
| máun || máuŋe || méun || méuŋe || móun || móouŋe
|-
! 3rd
| máus || máuksi || méus || méuksi || móus || móuksi
|-
! !! colspan="6" | Nonfuture
|-
! 1st
| mĕ || mĕke || mĕi || mĕike || míë || míëke
|-
! 2nd
| mĕn || mĕŋe || mĕin || mĕiŋe || míën || míëŋe
|-
! 3rd
| mĕs || mĕksi || mĕis || mĕiksi || míës || míëksi
|-
! !! colspan="6" | Future anterior
|-
! 1st
| mý || mýke || mýi || mýike || míy || míyke
|-
! 2nd
| mýn || mýŋe || mýin || mýiŋe || míyn || míyŋe
|-
! 3rd
| mýs || mýksi || mýis || mýiksi || míys || míyksi
|-
! !! colspan="6" | Future-in-the-past
|-
! 1st
| máa || máake || méa || méake || móa || móake
|-
! 2nd
| máan || máaŋe || méan || méaŋe || móan || móaŋe
|-
! 3rd
| máas || máaksi || méas || méaksi || móas || móaksi
|-
|}
 
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg collapsible collapsed" style="text-align: center;"
! colspan="3" | Mood stems
|-
! Mood !! Formation !! ''Example''
|-
! Generic
| enn- || ''enná''
|-
! Conditional
| enm- || ''enmá''
|-
! Subjunctive
| enl- || ''enlá''
|-
! Optative
| enk- || ''enká''
|-
! Jussive
| enh- || ''enhá''
|-
! Reputative
| enr- || ''enrá''
|-
! Presumptive
| eng- || ''engá''
|-
! Potential
| ens- || ''ensá''
|-
! If-potential
| env- || ''envá''
|-
! Admirative
| ent- || ''entá''
|-
|}

== Non-finite forms ==

=== Infinitives ===
==== First infinitive ====
The first infinitive is the basic form of verbs. It is a marked form, the suffixes are ''-vaj'', ''-laj'' and ''-vij''. Each suffix corresponds to one verbal class and each class undergoes a different change when conjugating.

==== Second infinitive ====
The second infinitive is a form derived from the first infititive. It can be used with one case, the benefactive, although it is mainly omitted; it usually indicates intention. Stem lenghtening does not apply. When combined with reflexive verbs, the forms are slightly changed (shown in brackets).

The forms are:
* -vij → '''-vyyn''' ('''-vyen''')
* -laj → '''-laan''' ('''-laen''')
* -vaj → '''-vøøn''' ('''-vøen''')

==== Third infinitive ====
The third infititive is a form of the verb meaning "to be just about to ..." . It is different from other infinitives because it is formed from two parts. One part is always attached to the verb while the other is the actual infinitival suffix which is removed when conjugated. Stem lenghtening applies.

The forms are:
* -vij → '''-(t)einviaj'''
* -laj → '''-(l)ainlaaj'''
* -vaj → '''-(n)oinvaaj'''
 
Example:
Example:
* vévij → vétteinviaj → vétteina
** ''to give → to be about to give → I'm about to give
*névvaj → névvannoinvaaj → névvannoina
** ''to teach → to be about to teach → I'm about to teach''

==== Progressive infinitive ====
The progressive infinitive (or the fourth infinitive) is the basic form of verb indicating progressiveness. Both imperfective and perfective verbs can become progressive. The progressive form expresses an action taking place at the moment of speaking. The progressive infinitive is similar to the third infinitive because it's formed from two parts. One part is always attached to the verb while the other is the actual infinitival suffix which is removed when conjugated. Stem lenghtening applies.

The forms are:
* -vij → '''-(t)eusvinj'''
* -laj → '''-(l)auslanj'''
* -vaj → '''-(n)ousvanj'''
 
Example:
* vévij → vétteusvinj → vétteusa
** ''to give → to be giving → I'm giving [at this moment]''
*névvaj → névvannousvanj → névvannousa
** ''to teach → to be teaching → I'm teaching [at this moment]''

==== Reflexive infinitive ====
The reflexive infinitive (or the fifth infinitive) is the basic form of reflexive verbs. There are two types, one ending in ''-ej'' and one ending in ''-ij''. Stem lenghtening does not apply.

The forms are:
* -vij → '''-viej''', '''-viij'''
* -laj → '''-laej''', '''-laij'''
* -vaj → '''-vaej''', '''-vaij'''

=== Supines ===
==== First supine ====
The first supine is a form of verbs used after modal verbs (when they are used in their full form instead of the clitic form). Stem lenghtening applies.

The forms are:
* -vij → '''-tia''' (type I, II and III verbs), '''-ia''' (type IV and V verbs)
* -laj → '''-tie''' (type I, II and III verbs), '''-ie''' (type IV and V verbs)
* -vaj → '''-tio''' (type I, II and III verbs), '''-io''' (type IV and V verbs)
 
''NOTE:'' Verbs of the type I shorten the geminate consonant of the lenghtened stem:
* -tt- → -t-
* -ll- → -l-
* -nn- → -n-

==== Second supine ====
The second supine is a form of verbs used after phaseal verbs and verbs of movement. Stem lenghtening applies.

The forms are:
* -vij → '''-tiau''' (type I, II and III verbs), '''-iau''' (type IV and V verbs)
* -laj → '''-tieu''' (type I, II and III verbs), '''-ieu''' (type IV and V verbs)
* -vaj → '''-tiou''' (type I, II and III verbs), '''-iou''' (type IV and V verbs)
 
''NOTE:'' Verbs of the type I shorten the geminate consonant of the lenghtened stem:
* -tt- → -t-
* -ll- → -l-
* -nn- → -n-

=== Gerunds and participles ===
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg collapsible collapsed" style="text-align: center;"
! colspan="6" | Overview of gerunds and participles
|-
! !! -VIJ forms!! -LAJ forms !! -VAJ forms !! Stem !! ''Meaning''
|-
! Gerund I (verbal noun)
| -voi || -loi || -noi || no, C1 || ''Nominalised verb.''
|-
! Present Active Gerund I
| -(i)tat || -(i)lat || -(i)nat || yes || ''Simultaneous events.''
|-
! Present Active Gerund II
| -(i)taot || -(i)laot || -(i)naot || yes || ''An adverb of manner.''
|-
! Past Active Gerund
| | -(i)tait || -(i)lait || -(i)nait || yes || ''An action completed prior to the action of the main verb.''
|-
! Present Active Participle
| -(i)ti / -iei- || -(i)di / -iei- || -(i)ni / -iei- || yes || ''Adjectvies, replace certain relative clauses.''
|-
! Past Active Participle II
| -(i)tui / -iyi- || -(i)dui / -iyi- || -(i)nui / -iyi- || yes || ''Adjectvies, a quality acquired through action in the past.''
|-
! Past Passive Participle
| -isi || -isi || -isi || no || ''Adjectives.''
|-
! Past Active Participle I
| -rii ''(sg)'' -rie ''(du)'' -ria ''(pl)''|| | -nii ''(sg)'' -nie ''(du)'' -nia ''(pl)''|| | -gii ''(sg)'' -gie ''(du)'' -gia ''(pl)'' || yes* || ''Participles used to form compound tenses.''
|}

'''NOTE:''' Verbs of the type I shorten the geminate consonant of the lenghtened stem:
* -tt- → -t-
* -ll- → -l-
* -nn- → -n-

== Reflexive verbs ==
There are two types of reflexive verbs, the '''-ej''' verbs and the '''-ij''' verbs (indicated as ''-viej, -viij, -laej, -laij, -vaej, -vaij''). Their forms change depending on the person and number; and are attached to the verb.

{| class="bluetable lightbluebg collapsible collapsed" style="text-align: center;"
! colspan="4" | Reflexive suffixes
|-
! rowspan="2" | Number !! rowspan="2" | Person !! -EJ !! -IJ
|-
! clitic !! clitic
|-
! rowspan="3" | Singular !! 1st
| -re || -ro
|-
! 2nd
| -ne || -no
|-
! 3rd
| -se || -so
|-
! rowspan="3" | Dual !! 1st
| -ri || -ru
|-
! 2nd
| -ni || -nu
|-
! 3rd
| -si || -su
|-
! rowspan="3" | Plural !! 1st
| -ra || -rë
|-
! 2nd
| -na || -në
|-
! 3rd
| -sa || -së
|-
|}

== Gradation of verbs ==

== Verbal emphasis ==

[[Category:Laefêvëši]]

Template:Front/newlang/Laefêvëši

2014-11-09T20:05:29Z

Ashucky:

Vánšida áltanallúnei? Wárij nóntau si šíllallés te neaváttavýn, târ eaéama kwáoisóswin! Távǿn mø nîuvvánšida maiáoisás pólla:
*'''jônseit''' - jôma vánšide,
*'''sesié''' - ƕáhkē vánšide,
*'''siélj''' - siéhta li siehnár vánšide.
Néjvátrakala ksiéllara glódda általnójlán nîuvvánšide.
<createbox>
break=no
preload=Template:New/Language
buttonlabel=Áltanar kóivvánšida léj!
</createbox>
Sénynnave hûn vánseituki mø kváttar [[Linguifex:Getting started|njôssellésteu]] li [[:Category:Linguistics|vánseitello]] šárēgeu.

<noinclude>[[Category:Templates]][[Category:Main page]][[Category:Meta]]</noinclude>

Template:Front/newlang/Laefêvëši

2014-11-09T18:53:01Z

Ashucky:

Do you want to create a language? It can take a lot of work to make it presentable but the results are often amazing! To make your own language you need to decide on:
*The '''phonology''' - the sounds of the language.
*The '''grammar''' - the framework of the language.
*The '''vocabulary''' - the words and dictionary of the language.
Enter a title in the box below to start creating your language.
<createbox>
break=no
preload=Template:New/Language
buttonlabel=Áltanar kóivvánšida léj!
</createbox>
For more information on linguistics see our [[Linguifex:Getting started|guide]] and the [[:Category:Linguistics|linguistics]] section.

<noinclude>[[Category:Templates]][[Category:Main page]][[Category:Meta]]</noinclude>

Template:Front/newlang/Laefêvëši

2014-11-09T18:51:45Z

Ashucky: Created page with "Do you want to create a language? It can take a lot of work to make it presentable but the results are often amazing! To make your own language you need to decide on: *The '''..."

Do you want to create a language? It can take a lot of work to make it presentable but the results are often amazing! To make your own language you need to decide on:
*The '''phonology''' - the sounds of the language.
*The '''grammar''' - the framework of the language.
*The '''vocabulary''' - the words and dictionary of the language.
Enter a title in the box below to start creating your language.
<createbox>
break=no
preload=Template:New/Language
buttonlabel=Create a Language Now!
</createbox>
For more information on linguistics see our [[Linguifex:Getting started|guide]] and the [[:Category:Linguistics|linguistics]] section.

<noinclude>[[Category:Templates]][[Category:Main page]][[Category:Meta]]</noinclude>

Main Page/Laefêvëši

2014-11-09T18:51:15Z

Ashucky:

{{User:Waahlis/Template:Front/banner/Laefêvëši}}__NOTOC__
{| class="mp_content"

|class="mp_left mp_box" rowspan=2| <div class="mp_left_border mp_gradient_border">
{| class="mp_left_inside mp_box_inside" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="5"
! colspan="2" class="mp_about_header mp_section_header" |
|-
! colspan="2"| {{User:Waahlis/Template:Welcome/Laefêvëši|notitle=yes|width=70%}}

|-
|
|-
|style="text-align:center;"|'''Vréitól:''' {{Bar languages/Laefêvëši}}
|-
|
{| id="mp-upper" style="width: 100%; margin:4px 0 0 0; background:none; border-spacing: 0px;"

| class="MainPageBG" style="width:55%; border:1px solid #cef2e0; background:#f5fffa; vertical-align:top; color:#000;" |
{| id="mp-left" style="width:100%; vertical-align:top; background:#f5fffa;"
| style="padding:2px;" | <h2 id="mp-tfa-h2" style="margin:3px; background:#cef2e0; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #a3bfb1; text-align:left; color:#000; padding:0.2em 0.4em;">Aováili vánši</h2>
|-
| style="color:#000;" | <div id="mp-tfa" style="padding:2px 5px">{{Front/featured}} <center>'''[[:Category:Featured|Previously featured languages]]''' • '''[http://linguifex.com/index.php?title=Special:WikiForum&thread=45 Nominate a featured language]'''</center></div>
|-

| style="padding:2px;" | <h2 id="mp-dyk-h2" style="margin:3px; background:#cef2e0; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #a3bfb1; text-align:left; color:#000; padding:0.2em 0.4em;">ISO codes on KreativeKorp</h2>
|-
| style="color:#000; padding:2px 5px 5px;" | <div id="mp-dyk">The Linguifex wiki supports KreativeKorps initiative on assigning ISO-codes for conlangs, the ConLang Code Registry! Add your language to the list [http://www.kreativekorp.com/clcr/index.php here]. If your language is on Linguifex, let [[Linguifex:Administrators|us]] know!</div>
|-
| style="padding:2px;" | <h2 id="mp-dyk-h2" style="margin:3px; background:#cef2e0; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #a3bfb1; text-align:left; color:#000; padding:0.2em 0.4em;">Žókkoto</h2>
|-
| style="color:#000; padding:2px 5px 5px;" | <div id="mp-dyk">{{Front/aid}}</div>
|}
| style="border:1px solid transparent;" |

| class="MainPageBG" style="width:45%; border:1px solid #cedff2; background:#f5faff; vertical-align:top;"|
{| id="mp-right" style="width:100%; vertical-align:top; background:#f5faff;"
| style="padding:2px;" | <h2 id="mp-itn-h2" style="margin:3px; background:#cedff2; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #a3b0bf; text-align:left; color:#000; padding:0.2em 0.4em;">Linguifeks</h2>
|-
| style="color:#000; padding:2px 5px;" | <div id="mp-itn">{{Front/welcome/Laefêvëši}}</div>
|-

| style="padding:2px;" | <h2 id="mp-itn-h2" style="margin:3px; background:#cedff2; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #a3b0bf; text-align:left; color:#000; padding:0.2em 0.4em;">Aováili víhy</h2>
|-
| style="color:#000; padding:2px 5px;" | <div id="mp-itn">{{Front/picture/Laefêvëši}}</div>
|-

| style="padding:2px;" | <h2 id="mp-otd-h2" style="margin:3px; background:#cedff2; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #a3b0bf; text-align:left; color:#000; padding:0.2em 0.4em;">Áltanar vánšida!</h2>
|-
| style="color:#000; padding:2px 5px 5px;" | <div id="mp-otd">{{Front/newlang/Laefêvëši}}</div>
|-

| style="padding:2px;" | <h2 id="mp-otd-h2" style="margin:3px; background:#cedff2; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #a3b0bf; text-align:left; color:#000; padding:0.2em 0.4em;">Áltanar siéhteu!</h2>
|-
| style="color:#000; padding:2px 5px 5px;" | <div id="mp-otd">{{Front/newword}}</div>
|}
|}

<table id="mp-middle" style="width:100%; margin:4px 0 0 0; background:none; border-spacing: 0px;">
<tr>
<td class="MainPageBG" style="width:100%; border:1px solid #f2cedd; background:#fff5fa; vertical-align:top; color:#000;">
<table id="mp-center" style="width:100%; vertical-align:top; background:#fff5fa; color:#000;">
<tr>
<td style="padding:2px;"><h2 id="mp-tfl-h2" style="margin:3px; background:#f2cedd; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #bfa3af; text-align:left; color:#000; padding:0.2em 0.4em">Aováili lálka</h2></td>
</tr><tr>
<td style="color:#000;"><div id="mp-tfl" style="padding:2px 5px;">{{Front/audio}}</div></td>
</tr>
</table>
</td>
</tr>
</table>

|-
|}

{{Front/resources}}

Template:Front/picture/Laefêvëši

2014-11-09T13:55:55Z

Ashucky:

[[File:Indo-European.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Kâl índoewrónianetta sykýve vánšive, máej [[w:English language|ínglëšiku]], [[w:Spanish language|espánjëšiku]], [[w:Latin language|latínëši]] li [[w:Hindi language|hindíšiku]]. ]]

'''Índoewrónianila vánšif''' állos [[w:language family|syký]] ǿsettei yskýitta [[w:List of Indo-European languages|vánšive li skýloveve]]. Syký énnas sáej 439 vánšive li skýloveve, kvíttaot larrêðejn [[w:Ethnologue|Êþnologede]] 2009-at, u sáej fár (221) i šáinate [[w:Indo-Aryan languages|índoárenno]] čjǿjado. Índoewrónianila vánšif maiáollas [[w:historical linguistics|áljatenno vanséitiu]] énnisø kēw [[w:Afroasiatic languages|afríasínianesso sykýdu]] adíllila ʒátihkila [[w:recorded history|aksiénillo áljateu]].

''Nióunnarso hûn:'' '''[[:Category:Indo-European languages|Índoewrónianila vánšif]]'''

<noinclude>[[Category:Templates]][[Category:Main page]][[Category:Meta]]</noinclude>

Template:Front/picture/Laefêvëši

2014-11-09T13:55:05Z

Ashucky:

[[File:Indo-European.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Kâl índoewrónianetta sykýve vánšive, máej [[w:English language|ínglëšiku]], [[w:Spanish language|espánjëšiku]], [[w:Latin language|latínëši]] li [[w:Hindi language|hindíšiku]]. ]]

'''Índoewrónianila vánšif''' állos [[w:language family|syký]] ǿsettei yskýitta [[w:List of Indo-European languages|vánšive li skýloveve]]. Syký énnas sáej 439 vánšive li skýloveve, kvíttaot larrêðejn [[w:Ethnologue|Êþnologede]] 2009-at, u sáej fár (221) i šáinate [[w:Indo-Aryan languages|índoárenno]] čjǿjado. Índoewrónianila vánšif maiáollas [[w:historical linguistics|áljatenno vanséitiu]] énnisø kēw [[w:Afroasiatic languages|afríasínianesso sykýdu]] adíllila ʒátihkla [[w:recorded history|aksiénillo áljateu]].

''Nióunnarso hûn:'' '''[[:Category:Indo-European languages|Índoewrónianila vánšif]]'''

<noinclude>[[Category:Templates]][[Category:Main page]][[Category:Meta]]</noinclude>

Template:Front/picture/Laefêvëši

2014-11-09T12:33:26Z

Ashucky: Created page with "English, Spanish,..."

[[File:Indo-European.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Tree over the Indo-European family branches of languages, including [[w:English language|English]], [[w:Spanish language|Spanish]], [[w:Latin language|Latin]] and [[w:Hindi language|Hindi]]. ]]

The '''Indo-European languages''' are a [[w:language family|family]] (or ''phylum'') of several hundred related [[w:List of Indo-European languages|languages and dialect]]s. There are about 439 languages and dialects, according to the 2009 [[w:Ethnologue|Ethnologue]] estimate, about half (221) belonging to the [[w:Indo-Aryan languages|Indo-Aryan]] sub-branch. The Indo-European family is significant to the field of [[w:historical linguistics|historical linguistics]] as possessing the second-longest [[w:recorded history|recorded history]], after the [[w:Afroasiatic languages|Afro-Asiatic family]].

''See more:'' '''[[:Category:Indo-European languages|Indo-European languages]]'''

<noinclude>[[Category:Templates]][[Category:Main page]][[Category:Meta]]</noinclude>

Main Page/Laefêvëši

2014-11-09T12:33:17Z

Ashucky:

{{User:Waahlis/Template:Front/banner/Laefêvëši}}__NOTOC__
{| class="mp_content"

|class="mp_left mp_box" rowspan=2| <div class="mp_left_border mp_gradient_border">
{| class="mp_left_inside mp_box_inside" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="5"
! colspan="2" class="mp_about_header mp_section_header" |
|-
! colspan="2"| {{User:Waahlis/Template:Welcome/Laefêvëši|notitle=yes|width=70%}}

|-
|
|-
|style="text-align:center;"|'''Vréitól:''' {{Bar languages/Laefêvëši}}
|-
|
{| id="mp-upper" style="width: 100%; margin:4px 0 0 0; background:none; border-spacing: 0px;"

| class="MainPageBG" style="width:55%; border:1px solid #cef2e0; background:#f5fffa; vertical-align:top; color:#000;" |
{| id="mp-left" style="width:100%; vertical-align:top; background:#f5fffa;"
| style="padding:2px;" | <h2 id="mp-tfa-h2" style="margin:3px; background:#cef2e0; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #a3bfb1; text-align:left; color:#000; padding:0.2em 0.4em;">Aováili vánši</h2>
|-
| style="color:#000;" | <div id="mp-tfa" style="padding:2px 5px">{{Front/featured}} <center>'''[[:Category:Featured|Previously featured languages]]''' • '''[http://linguifex.com/index.php?title=Special:WikiForum&thread=45 Nominate a featured language]'''</center></div>
|-

| style="padding:2px;" | <h2 id="mp-dyk-h2" style="margin:3px; background:#cef2e0; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #a3bfb1; text-align:left; color:#000; padding:0.2em 0.4em;">ISO codes on KreativeKorp</h2>
|-
| style="color:#000; padding:2px 5px 5px;" | <div id="mp-dyk">The Linguifex wiki supports KreativeKorps initiative on assigning ISO-codes for conlangs, the ConLang Code Registry! Add your language to the list [http://www.kreativekorp.com/clcr/index.php here]. If your language is on Linguifex, let [[Linguifex:Administrators|us]] know!</div>
|-
| style="padding:2px;" | <h2 id="mp-dyk-h2" style="margin:3px; background:#cef2e0; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #a3bfb1; text-align:left; color:#000; padding:0.2em 0.4em;">Žókkoto</h2>
|-
| style="color:#000; padding:2px 5px 5px;" | <div id="mp-dyk">{{Front/aid}}</div>
|}
| style="border:1px solid transparent;" |

| class="MainPageBG" style="width:45%; border:1px solid #cedff2; background:#f5faff; vertical-align:top;"|
{| id="mp-right" style="width:100%; vertical-align:top; background:#f5faff;"
| style="padding:2px;" | <h2 id="mp-itn-h2" style="margin:3px; background:#cedff2; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #a3b0bf; text-align:left; color:#000; padding:0.2em 0.4em;">Linguifeks</h2>
|-
| style="color:#000; padding:2px 5px;" | <div id="mp-itn">{{Front/welcome/Laefêvëši}}</div>
|-

| style="padding:2px;" | <h2 id="mp-itn-h2" style="margin:3px; background:#cedff2; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #a3b0bf; text-align:left; color:#000; padding:0.2em 0.4em;">Aováili víhy</h2>
|-
| style="color:#000; padding:2px 5px;" | <div id="mp-itn">{{Front/picture/Laefêvëši}}</div>
|-

| style="padding:2px;" | <h2 id="mp-otd-h2" style="margin:3px; background:#cedff2; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #a3b0bf; text-align:left; color:#000; padding:0.2em 0.4em;">Áltanar vánšida!</h2>
|-
| style="color:#000; padding:2px 5px 5px;" | <div id="mp-otd">{{Front/newlang}}</div>
|-

| style="padding:2px;" | <h2 id="mp-otd-h2" style="margin:3px; background:#cedff2; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #a3b0bf; text-align:left; color:#000; padding:0.2em 0.4em;">Áltanar siéhteu!</h2>
|-
| style="color:#000; padding:2px 5px 5px;" | <div id="mp-otd">{{Front/newword}}</div>
|}
|}

<table id="mp-middle" style="width:100%; margin:4px 0 0 0; background:none; border-spacing: 0px;">
<tr>
<td class="MainPageBG" style="width:100%; border:1px solid #f2cedd; background:#fff5fa; vertical-align:top; color:#000;">
<table id="mp-center" style="width:100%; vertical-align:top; background:#fff5fa; color:#000;">
<tr>
<td style="padding:2px;"><h2 id="mp-tfl-h2" style="margin:3px; background:#f2cedd; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #bfa3af; text-align:left; color:#000; padding:0.2em 0.4em">Aováili lálka</h2></td>
</tr><tr>
<td style="color:#000;"><div id="mp-tfl" style="padding:2px 5px;">{{Front/audio}}</div></td>
</tr>
</table>
</td>
</tr>
</table>

|-
|}

{{Front/resources}}

Main Page/Laefêvëši

2014-11-08T23:44:49Z

Ashucky:

{{User:Waahlis/Template:Front/banner/Laefêvëši}}__NOTOC__
{| class="mp_content"

|class="mp_left mp_box" rowspan=2| <div class="mp_left_border mp_gradient_border">
{| class="mp_left_inside mp_box_inside" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="5"
! colspan="2" class="mp_about_header mp_section_header" |
|-
! colspan="2"| {{User:Waahlis/Template:Welcome/Laefêvëši|notitle=yes|width=70%}}

|-
|
|-
|style="text-align:center;"|'''Vréitól:''' {{Bar languages/Laefêvëši}}
|-
|
{| id="mp-upper" style="width: 100%; margin:4px 0 0 0; background:none; border-spacing: 0px;"

| class="MainPageBG" style="width:55%; border:1px solid #cef2e0; background:#f5fffa; vertical-align:top; color:#000;" |
{| id="mp-left" style="width:100%; vertical-align:top; background:#f5fffa;"
| style="padding:2px;" | <h2 id="mp-tfa-h2" style="margin:3px; background:#cef2e0; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #a3bfb1; text-align:left; color:#000; padding:0.2em 0.4em;">Aováili vánši</h2>
|-
| style="color:#000;" | <div id="mp-tfa" style="padding:2px 5px">{{Front/featured}} <center>'''[[:Category:Featured|Previously featured languages]]''' • '''[http://linguifex.com/index.php?title=Special:WikiForum&thread=45 Nominate a featured language]'''</center></div>
|-

| style="padding:2px;" | <h2 id="mp-dyk-h2" style="margin:3px; background:#cef2e0; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #a3bfb1; text-align:left; color:#000; padding:0.2em 0.4em;">ISO codes on KreativeKorp</h2>
|-
| style="color:#000; padding:2px 5px 5px;" | <div id="mp-dyk">The Linguifex wiki supports KreativeKorps initiative on assigning ISO-codes for conlangs, the ConLang Code Registry! Add your language to the list [http://www.kreativekorp.com/clcr/index.php here]. If your language is on Linguifex, let [[Linguifex:Administrators|us]] know!</div>
|-
| style="padding:2px;" | <h2 id="mp-dyk-h2" style="margin:3px; background:#cef2e0; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #a3bfb1; text-align:left; color:#000; padding:0.2em 0.4em;">Žókkoto</h2>
|-
| style="color:#000; padding:2px 5px 5px;" | <div id="mp-dyk">{{Front/aid}}</div>
|}
| style="border:1px solid transparent;" |

| class="MainPageBG" style="width:45%; border:1px solid #cedff2; background:#f5faff; vertical-align:top;"|
{| id="mp-right" style="width:100%; vertical-align:top; background:#f5faff;"
| style="padding:2px;" | <h2 id="mp-itn-h2" style="margin:3px; background:#cedff2; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #a3b0bf; text-align:left; color:#000; padding:0.2em 0.4em;">Linguifeks</h2>
|-
| style="color:#000; padding:2px 5px;" | <div id="mp-itn">{{Front/welcome/Laefêvëši}}</div>
|-

| style="padding:2px;" | <h2 id="mp-itn-h2" style="margin:3px; background:#cedff2; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #a3b0bf; text-align:left; color:#000; padding:0.2em 0.4em;">Aováili víhy</h2>
|-
| style="color:#000; padding:2px 5px;" | <div id="mp-itn">{{Front/picture}}</div>
|-

| style="padding:2px;" | <h2 id="mp-otd-h2" style="margin:3px; background:#cedff2; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #a3b0bf; text-align:left; color:#000; padding:0.2em 0.4em;">Áltanar vánšida!</h2>
|-
| style="color:#000; padding:2px 5px 5px;" | <div id="mp-otd">{{Front/newlang}}</div>
|-

| style="padding:2px;" | <h2 id="mp-otd-h2" style="margin:3px; background:#cedff2; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #a3b0bf; text-align:left; color:#000; padding:0.2em 0.4em;">Áltanar siéhteu!</h2>
|-
| style="color:#000; padding:2px 5px 5px;" | <div id="mp-otd">{{Front/newword}}</div>
|}
|}

<table id="mp-middle" style="width:100%; margin:4px 0 0 0; background:none; border-spacing: 0px;">
<tr>
<td class="MainPageBG" style="width:100%; border:1px solid #f2cedd; background:#fff5fa; vertical-align:top; color:#000;">
<table id="mp-center" style="width:100%; vertical-align:top; background:#fff5fa; color:#000;">
<tr>
<td style="padding:2px;"><h2 id="mp-tfl-h2" style="margin:3px; background:#f2cedd; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #bfa3af; text-align:left; color:#000; padding:0.2em 0.4em">Aováili lálka</h2></td>
</tr><tr>
<td style="color:#000;"><div id="mp-tfl" style="padding:2px 5px;">{{Front/audio}}</div></td>
</tr>
</table>
</td>
</tr>
</table>

|-
|}

{{Front/resources}}

Template:Front/welcome/Laefêvëši

2014-11-08T23:42:14Z

Ashucky:

''Remmís wíkinól ás htóiskalaj hléraneu li áltoðeu '''elentánšive'''. Elentánšif általossa xáirremmísnoiakku sóntaslu: gottilónt, naissáitvant, šiánty li hywihûn. Dvénisóswin elentubídasto li láessa elentýissa losínos. Elentášif énnos ugój mihhílla ǿhhēðava, ohéj góttara tántiou sálja!''

 <big>Aurôlesteko Linguifekser!</big>

<noinclude>[[Category:Templates]][[Category:Main page]][[Category:Meta]]</noinclude>

Template:Front/welcome/Laefêvëši

2014-11-08T23:41:34Z

Ashucky:

''Remmís wíkinól ás htóiskalaj hléraneu li áltoðeu '''elentánšive'''. Elentánšif általossa xáirremmísnoiakku sóntaslu: gottilónt, naissáitvant, šiánty li hywihûn. Dvénisóswin elentubídasto li láessa elentýissa losínos. Elentášif énnos ugój mihhílla ǿhhēðava, ohéj góttara tánnia sálja!''

 <big>Aurôlesteko Linguifekser!</big>

<noinclude>[[Category:Templates]][[Category:Main page]][[Category:Meta]]</noinclude>

Main Page/Laefêvëši

2014-11-08T22:00:20Z

Ashucky:

{{User:Waahlis/Template:Front/banner/Laefêvëši}}__NOTOC__
{| class="mp_content"

|class="mp_left mp_box" rowspan=2| <div class="mp_left_border mp_gradient_border">
{| class="mp_left_inside mp_box_inside" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="5"
! colspan="2" class="mp_about_header mp_section_header" |
|-
! colspan="2"| {{User:Waahlis/Template:Welcome/Laefêvëši|notitle=yes|width=70%}}

|-
|
|-
|style="text-align:center;"|'''Vréitóh:''' {{Bar languages/Laefêvëši}}
|-
|
{| id="mp-upper" style="width: 100%; margin:4px 0 0 0; background:none; border-spacing: 0px;"

| class="MainPageBG" style="width:55%; border:1px solid #cef2e0; background:#f5fffa; vertical-align:top; color:#000;" |
{| id="mp-left" style="width:100%; vertical-align:top; background:#f5fffa;"
| style="padding:2px;" | <h2 id="mp-tfa-h2" style="margin:3px; background:#cef2e0; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #a3bfb1; text-align:left; color:#000; padding:0.2em 0.4em;">Aováili vánši</h2>
|-
| style="color:#000;" | <div id="mp-tfa" style="padding:2px 5px">{{Front/featured}} <center>'''[[:Category:Featured|Previously featured languages]]''' • '''[http://linguifex.com/index.php?title=Special:WikiForum&thread=45 Nominate a featured language]'''</center></div>
|-

| style="padding:2px;" | <h2 id="mp-dyk-h2" style="margin:3px; background:#cef2e0; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #a3bfb1; text-align:left; color:#000; padding:0.2em 0.4em;">ISO codes on KreativeKorp</h2>
|-
| style="color:#000; padding:2px 5px 5px;" | <div id="mp-dyk">The Linguifex wiki supports KreativeKorps initiative on assigning ISO-codes for conlangs, the ConLang Code Registry! Add your language to the list [http://www.kreativekorp.com/clcr/index.php here]. If your language is on Linguifex, let [[Linguifex:Administrators|us]] know!</div>
|-
| style="padding:2px;" | <h2 id="mp-dyk-h2" style="margin:3px; background:#cef2e0; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #a3bfb1; text-align:left; color:#000; padding:0.2em 0.4em;">Žókkoto</h2>
|-
| style="color:#000; padding:2px 5px 5px;" | <div id="mp-dyk">{{Front/aid}}</div>
|}
| style="border:1px solid transparent;" |

| class="MainPageBG" style="width:45%; border:1px solid #cedff2; background:#f5faff; vertical-align:top;"|
{| id="mp-right" style="width:100%; vertical-align:top; background:#f5faff;"
| style="padding:2px;" | <h2 id="mp-itn-h2" style="margin:3px; background:#cedff2; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #a3b0bf; text-align:left; color:#000; padding:0.2em 0.4em;">Linguifeks</h2>
|-
| style="color:#000; padding:2px 5px;" | <div id="mp-itn">{{Front/welcome/Laefêvëši}}</div>
|-

| style="padding:2px;" | <h2 id="mp-itn-h2" style="margin:3px; background:#cedff2; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #a3b0bf; text-align:left; color:#000; padding:0.2em 0.4em;">Aováili víhy</h2>
|-
| style="color:#000; padding:2px 5px;" | <div id="mp-itn">{{Front/picture}}</div>
|-

| style="padding:2px;" | <h2 id="mp-otd-h2" style="margin:3px; background:#cedff2; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #a3b0bf; text-align:left; color:#000; padding:0.2em 0.4em;">Áltanar vánšida!</h2>
|-
| style="color:#000; padding:2px 5px 5px;" | <div id="mp-otd">{{Front/newlang}}</div>
|-

| style="padding:2px;" | <h2 id="mp-otd-h2" style="margin:3px; background:#cedff2; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #a3b0bf; text-align:left; color:#000; padding:0.2em 0.4em;">Áltanar siéhteu!</h2>
|-
| style="color:#000; padding:2px 5px 5px;" | <div id="mp-otd">{{Front/newword}}</div>
|}
|}

<table id="mp-middle" style="width:100%; margin:4px 0 0 0; background:none; border-spacing: 0px;">
<tr>
<td class="MainPageBG" style="width:100%; border:1px solid #f2cedd; background:#fff5fa; vertical-align:top; color:#000;">
<table id="mp-center" style="width:100%; vertical-align:top; background:#fff5fa; color:#000;">
<tr>
<td style="padding:2px;"><h2 id="mp-tfl-h2" style="margin:3px; background:#f2cedd; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #bfa3af; text-align:left; color:#000; padding:0.2em 0.4em">Aováili lálka</h2></td>
</tr><tr>
<td style="color:#000;"><div id="mp-tfl" style="padding:2px 5px;">{{Front/audio}}</div></td>
</tr>
</table>
</td>
</tr>
</table>

|-
|}

{{Front/resources}}

Template:Front/welcome/Laefêvëši

2014-11-08T21:58:47Z

Ashucky: Created page with "''This wiki is aimed at facilitating the development and creation of constructed languages, '''conlangs'''. Constructed languages are made with many different purposes in mind..."

''This wiki is aimed at facilitating the development and creation of constructed languages, '''conlangs'''. Constructed languages are made with many different purposes in mind; experimentation, internationalisation, enjoyment and a lot more. They are often linked to constructed cultures and other kinds of inspired settings. Constructed languages have almost endless possibilities, so try making one!''

 <big>Aurôlesteko Linguifekser!</big>

<noinclude>[[Category:Templates]][[Category:Main page]][[Category:Meta]]</noinclude>

Template:Bar languages/Laefêvëši

2014-11-08T21:56:03Z

Ashucky:

[[Main_Page/Aarlaansk|árlanëšili]] {{h•}} [[Main_Page/Alska|álëšili]] {{h•}} [[Main_Page/Bearlandic|bǿrnlanëšili]] {{h•}} [[Main_Page/Dhannuá|ðannuášili]] {{h•}} [[Main_Page|ínglëšili]] {{h•}} [[Main_Page/Esperanto|esperántëšili]] {{h•}} [[Main_Page/Fén Ghír|fenxírëšili]] {{h•}} [[Main_Page/Karnišna|kárnëšili]] {{h•}} [[Main_Page/Kihā́mmic|kihhámatëšili]] {{h•}} [[Main_Page/Laefêvëši|laefêvëšili]] {{h•}} [[Main_Page/Themsaran|þemsarmášili]] {{h•}} [[Main_Page/Tjoc|tjúšili]] {{h•}} [[Main_Page/Umbrean|ëmjýcëšili]]
<noinclude>[[Category:Page translation]] [[Category:Templates]][[Category:Main page]]</noinclude>

Template:Bar languages/Laefêvëši

2014-11-08T21:36:24Z

Ashucky: Created page with "Aarlansk {{h•}} Alska {{h•}} Bearlandic {{h•}} Dhannuá {{h•}} Main_Page|..."

[[Main_Page/Aarlaansk|Aarlansk]] {{h•}} [[Main_Page/Alska|Alska]] {{h•}} [[Main_Page/Bearlandic|Bearlandic]] {{h•}} [[Main_Page/Dhannuá|Dhannuá]] {{h•}} [[Main_Page|English]] {{h•}} [[Main_Page/Esperanto|Esperanto]] {{h•}} [[Main_Page/Fén Ghír|Fén Ghír]] {{h•}} [[Main_Page/Karnišna|Karnišna]] {{h•}} [[Main_Page/Kihā́mmic|Kihā́mmic]] {{h•}} [[Main_Page/Themsaran|Themsaran]] {{h•}} [[Main_Page/Tjoc|Tjoc]] {{h•}} [[Main_Page/Umbrean|Umbrean]]
<noinclude>[[Category:Page translation]] [[Category:Templates]][[Category:Main page]]</noinclude>

Main Page/Laefêvëši

2014-11-08T02:02:59Z

Ashucky:

{{User:Waahlis/Template:Front/banner/Laefêvëši}}__NOTOC__
{| class="mp_content"

|class="mp_left mp_box" rowspan=2| <div class="mp_left_border mp_gradient_border">
{| class="mp_left_inside mp_box_inside" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="5"
! colspan="2" class="mp_about_header mp_section_header" |
|-
! colspan="2"| {{User:Waahlis/Template:Welcome/Laefêvëši|notitle=yes|width=70%}}

|-
|
|-
|style="text-align:center;"|'''This page in:''' {{Bar languages}}
|-
|
{| id="mp-upper" style="width: 100%; margin:4px 0 0 0; background:none; border-spacing: 0px;"

| class="MainPageBG" style="width:55%; border:1px solid #cef2e0; background:#f5fffa; vertical-align:top; color:#000;" |
{| id="mp-left" style="width:100%; vertical-align:top; background:#f5fffa;"
| style="padding:2px;" | <h2 id="mp-tfa-h2" style="margin:3px; background:#cef2e0; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #a3bfb1; text-align:left; color:#000; padding:0.2em 0.4em;">Aováili vánši</h2>
|-
| style="color:#000;" | <div id="mp-tfa" style="padding:2px 5px">{{Front/featured}} <center>'''[[:Category:Featured|Previously featured languages]]''' • '''[http://linguifex.com/index.php?title=Special:WikiForum&thread=45 Nominate a featured language]'''</center></div>
|-

| style="padding:2px;" | <h2 id="mp-dyk-h2" style="margin:3px; background:#cef2e0; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #a3bfb1; text-align:left; color:#000; padding:0.2em 0.4em;">ISO codes on KreativeKorp</h2>
|-
| style="color:#000; padding:2px 5px 5px;" | <div id="mp-dyk">The Linguifex wiki supports KreativeKorps initiative on assigning ISO-codes for conlangs, the ConLang Code Registry! Add your language to the list [http://www.kreativekorp.com/clcr/index.php here]. If your language is on Linguifex, let [[Linguifex:Administrators|us]] know!</div>
|-
| style="padding:2px;" | <h2 id="mp-dyk-h2" style="margin:3px; background:#cef2e0; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #a3bfb1; text-align:left; color:#000; padding:0.2em 0.4em;">Žókkoto</h2>
|-
| style="color:#000; padding:2px 5px 5px;" | <div id="mp-dyk">{{Front/aid}}</div>
|}
| style="border:1px solid transparent;" |

| class="MainPageBG" style="width:45%; border:1px solid #cedff2; background:#f5faff; vertical-align:top;"|
{| id="mp-right" style="width:100%; vertical-align:top; background:#f5faff;"
| style="padding:2px;" | <h2 id="mp-itn-h2" style="margin:3px; background:#cedff2; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #a3b0bf; text-align:left; color:#000; padding:0.2em 0.4em;">Linguifeks</h2>
|-
| style="color:#000; padding:2px 5px;" | <div id="mp-itn">{{Front/welcome}}</div>
|-

| style="padding:2px;" | <h2 id="mp-itn-h2" style="margin:3px; background:#cedff2; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #a3b0bf; text-align:left; color:#000; padding:0.2em 0.4em;">Aováili víhy</h2>
|-
| style="color:#000; padding:2px 5px;" | <div id="mp-itn">{{Front/picture}}</div>
|-

| style="padding:2px;" | <h2 id="mp-otd-h2" style="margin:3px; background:#cedff2; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #a3b0bf; text-align:left; color:#000; padding:0.2em 0.4em;">Áltanar vánšida!</h2>
|-
| style="color:#000; padding:2px 5px 5px;" | <div id="mp-otd">{{Front/newlang}}</div>
|-

| style="padding:2px;" | <h2 id="mp-otd-h2" style="margin:3px; background:#cedff2; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #a3b0bf; text-align:left; color:#000; padding:0.2em 0.4em;">Áltanar siéhteu!</h2>
|-
| style="color:#000; padding:2px 5px 5px;" | <div id="mp-otd">{{Front/newword}}</div>
|}
|}

<table id="mp-middle" style="width:100%; margin:4px 0 0 0; background:none; border-spacing: 0px;">
<tr>
<td class="MainPageBG" style="width:100%; border:1px solid #f2cedd; background:#fff5fa; vertical-align:top; color:#000;">
<table id="mp-center" style="width:100%; vertical-align:top; background:#fff5fa; color:#000;">
<tr>
<td style="padding:2px;"><h2 id="mp-tfl-h2" style="margin:3px; background:#f2cedd; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #bfa3af; text-align:left; color:#000; padding:0.2em 0.4em">Aováili lálka</h2></td>
</tr><tr>
<td style="color:#000;"><div id="mp-tfl" style="padding:2px 5px;">{{Front/audio}}</div></td>
</tr>
</table>
</td>
</tr>
</table>

|-
|}

{{Front/resources}}

User:Waahlis/Template:Welcome/Laefêvëši

2014-11-08T01:49:37Z

Ashucky:

<center>
{{#if:{{{notitle|}}}||'''Aurôlestisa!'''}}
{| style="background:transparent; width:{{{width|auto%}}};"
|- style="font-size:120%; text-align:center;line-height:400%;"
!<div id="wigonav-button-logo" class="wigonav-button">[[Linguifex:About|Linguifeks]]</div>
!<div id="wigonav-button-languages" class="wigonav-button">[[:Category:Languages|Vánšif]]</div>
!<div id="wigonav-button-featured" class="wigonav-button">[[Attian|Aováili]]</div>
!<div id="wigonav-button-forum" class="wigonav-button">[[Special:WikiForum|Gelónant]]</div>
!<div id="wigonav-button-contionary" class="wigonav-button">[[Portal:Contionary|Contionary]]</div>
!<div id="wigonav-button-library" class="wigonav-button">[[Portal:Library|Naránt]]</div>

|}
</center><noinclude>

{{DEFAULTSORT:{{PAGENAME}}}}
[[Category:Templates]][[Category:Main page]]</noinclude>

User:Waahlis/Template:Welcome/Laefêvëši

2014-11-08T01:47:53Z

Ashucky: Created page with "<center> {{#if:{{{notitle|}}}||'''Aurôlestisa!'''}} {| style="background:transparent; width:{{{width|auto%}}};" |- style="font-size:120%; text-align:center;line-height:400%;"..."

<center>
{{#if:{{{notitle|}}}||'''Aurôlestisa!'''}}
{| style="background:transparent; width:{{{width|auto%}}};"
|- style="font-size:120%; text-align:center;line-height:400%;"
!<div id="wigonav-button-logo" class="wigonav-button">[[Linguifex:About|Linguifex]]</div>
!<div id="wigonav-button-languages" class="wigonav-button">[[:Category:Languages|Languages]]</div>
!<div id="wigonav-button-featured" class="wigonav-button">[[Attian|Featured]]</div>
!<div id="wigonav-button-forum" class="wigonav-button">[[Special:WikiForum|Forum]]</div>
!<div id="wigonav-button-contionary" class="wigonav-button">[[Portal:Contionary|Contionary]]</div>
!<div id="wigonav-button-library" class="wigonav-button">[[Portal:Library|Library]]</div>

|}
</center><noinclude>

{{DEFAULTSORT:{{PAGENAME}}}}
[[Category:Templates]][[Category:Main page]]</noinclude>

User:Waahlis/Template:Front/banner/Laefêvëši

2014-11-08T01:45:50Z

Ashucky:

{| id="mp-topbanner" style="width:100%; background:#f5faff; margin:1.2em 0 6px 0; border:1px solid #CCC;"
| style="width:31%; color:#000; text-align:center; vertical-align:middle;" |

{| style="width:280px; border:none; background:none; "
| style="width:280px; text-align:center; white-space:nowrap; color:#000;" |
<div style="top:+0.2em; font-size:200%; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 27px; margin-left:;">Aurôlesteko Linguifekser,</div>
:<div style="top:+0.2em; font-size:120%; margin-bottom: 5px; margin-left:;">[[wikipedia:Free content|nóuira]] [[Guide:Introduction|féuha vlénilallélja]] [[wikipedia:Wiki|wíkira]] '''elentánšinna'''!</div>
<div id="articlecount" style="font-size:80%; margin-bottom:27px;">Lémlij énno [[Special:Statistics|{{NUMBEROFARTICLES}}]] esiéwave li vánšive: {{#expr:({{NUMBEROFARTICLES}}/3000*100) round1}}% jóummísas.
 Lémlij énno rálnoðau ýkkitta [[:Category:Stubs|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Stubs}}]] ðênkinas u [[:Category:Improvement|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wiki work}}]] esiéwave.</div>
|}

| style="width:10%; font-size:95%;" |
* [[Special:WikiForum|Gelónant]]
* [[Portal:Contionary|Contionary]]
* [[Portal:Library|Naránt]]
* [[Portal:Relays|Ikéaf]]
| style="width:10%; font-size:95%;" |
* [[Linguifex:Featured language|Aováili]]
* [[:Guide:Conlanging tools|Bána]]
* [[Linguifex:Phonetics|Jônseit]]
* [[Linguifex:Linguistics|Vánseit]]
| style="width:10%; font-size:95%;" |
* [[:Category:Languages|Vánšif]]
* [[:Category:Conlangs|Elentánšif]]
* [[:Category:Natlangs|Natlangs]]
| style="width:10%; font-size:95%;" |
* [[Linguifex:IPA keys|Jômrila háita]]
* [[Linguifex:Translations|Jovvánsa]]
* '''[[Special:Categories|Šarýntóha]]'''
|}

User:Waahlis/Template:Front/banner/Laefêvëši

2014-11-08T01:37:54Z

Ashucky:

{| id="mp-topbanner" style="width:100%; background:#f5faff; margin:1.2em 0 6px 0; border:1px solid #CCC;"
| style="width:31%; color:#000; text-align:center; vertical-align:middle;" |

{| style="width:280px; border:none; background:none; "
| style="width:280px; text-align:center; white-space:nowrap; color:#000;" |
<div style="top:+0.2em; font-size:200%; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 27px; margin-left:;">Aurôlesteko Linguifekser,</div>
:<div style="top:+0.2em; font-size:120%; margin-bottom: 5px; margin-left:;">[[wikipedia:Free content|nóuira]] [[Guide:Introduction|féuha vlénilallélja]] [[wikipedia:Wiki|wíkira]] '''elentánšinna'''!</div>
<div id="articlecount" style="font-size:80%; margin-bottom:27px;">Lémlij énno [[Special:Statistics|{{NUMBEROFARTICLES}}]] esiéwave li vánšive: {{#expr:({{NUMBEROFARTICLES}}/3000*100) round1}}% jóummísas.
 Lémlij énno rálnoðau ýkkitta [[:Category:Stubs|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Stubs}}]] ðênkinas u [[:Category:Improvement|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wiki work}}]] esiéwave.</div>
|}

| style="width:10%; font-size:95%;" |
* [[Special:WikiForum|Gelónant]]
* [[Portal:Contionary|Contionary]]
* [[Portal:Library|Naránt]]
* [[Portal:Relays|Relays]]
| style="width:10%; font-size:95%;" |
* [[Linguifex:Featured language|Aováili]]
* [[:Guide:Conlanging tools|Bána]]
* [[Linguifex:Phonetics|Jônseit]]
* [[Linguifex:Linguistics|Vánseit]]
| style="width:10%; font-size:95%;" |
* [[:Category:Languages|Vánšif]]
* [[:Category:Conlangs|Elentánšif]]
* [[:Category:Natlangs|Natlangs]]
| style="width:10%; font-size:95%;" |
* [[Linguifex:IPA keys|Jômrila háita]]
* [[Linguifex:Translations|Jovvánsa]]
* '''[[Special:Categories|Šarýntóha]]'''
|}

User:Waahlis/Template:Front/banner/Laefêvëši

2014-11-08T01:30:48Z

Ashucky:

{| id="mp-topbanner" style="width:100%; background:#f5faff; margin:1.2em 0 6px 0; border:1px solid #CCC;"
| style="width:31%; color:#000; text-align:center; vertical-align:middle;" |

{| style="width:280px; border:none; background:none; "
| style="width:280px; text-align:center; white-space:nowrap; color:#000;" |
<div style="top:+0.2em; font-size:200%; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 27px; margin-left:;">Aurôlesteko Linguifekser,</div>
:<div style="top:+0.2em; font-size:120%; margin-bottom: 5px; margin-left:;">[[wikipedia:Free content|nóuira]] [[Guide:Introduction|féuha vlénilallélja]] [[wikipedia:Wiki|wíkira]] '''elentánšinna'''!</div>
<div id="articlecount" style="font-size:80%; margin-bottom:27px;">Lémlij énno [[Special:Statistics|{{NUMBEROFARTICLES}}]] esiéwave li vánšive: {{#expr:({{NUMBEROFARTICLES}}/3000*100) round1}}% jóummísas.
 Lémlij énno rálnoðau ýkkitta [[:Category:Stubs|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Stubs}}]] ðênkinas u [[:Category:Improvement|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wiki work}}]] esiéwave.</div>
|}

| style="width:10%; font-size:95%;" |
* [[Special:WikiForum|Gelónant]]
* [[Portal:Contionary|Contionary]]
* [[Portal:Library|Naránt]]
* [[Portal:Relays|Relays]]
| style="width:10%; font-size:95%;" |
* [[Linguifex:Featured language|Aováili]]
* [[:Guide:Conlanging tools|Bána]]
* [[Linguifex:Phonetics|Jônseit]]
* [[Linguifex:Linguistics|Vánseit]]
| style="width:10%; font-size:95%;" |
* [[:Category:Languages|Vánšif]]
* [[:Category:Conlangs|Elentánšif]]
* [[:Category:Natlangs|Natlangs]]
| style="width:10%; font-size:95%;" |
* [[Linguifex:IPA keys|IPA keys]]
* [[Linguifex:Translations|Jovvánsa]]
* '''[[Special:Categories|All categories]]'''
|}

User:Waahlis/Template:Front/banner/Laefêvëši

2014-11-08T00:55:51Z

Ashucky:

{| id="mp-topbanner" style="width:100%; background:#f5faff; margin:1.2em 0 6px 0; border:1px solid #CCC;"
| style="width:31%; color:#000; text-align:center; vertical-align:middle;" |

{| style="width:280px; border:none; background:none; "
| style="width:280px; text-align:center; white-space:nowrap; color:#000;" |
<div style="top:+0.2em; font-size:200%; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 27px; margin-left:;">Aurôlesteko Linguifekser,</div>
:<div style="top:+0.2em; font-size:120%; margin-bottom: 5px; margin-left:;">[[wikipedia:Free content|nóuira]] [[Guide:Introduction|féuha vlénilallélja]] [[wikipedia:Wiki|wíkira]] '''elentánšinna'''!</div>
<div id="articlecount" style="font-size:80%; margin-bottom:27px;">Currently detailing [[Special:Statistics|{{NUMBEROFARTICLES}}]] articles and languages: {{#expr:({{NUMBEROFARTICLES}}/3000*100) round1}}% of our goal.
 There are currently [[:Category:Stubs|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Stubs}}]] stubs and [[:Category:Improvement|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wiki work}}]] articles that need expanding.</div>
|}

| style="width:10%; font-size:95%;" |
* [[Special:WikiForum|Gelónant]]
* [[Portal:Contionary|Contionary]]
* [[Portal:Library|Naránt]]
* [[Portal:Relays|Relays]]
| style="width:10%; font-size:95%;" |
* [[Linguifex:Featured language|Featured]]
* [[:Guide:Conlanging tools|Bána]]
* [[Linguifex:Phonetics|Jônseit]]
* [[Linguifex:Linguistics|Vánseit]]
| style="width:10%; font-size:95%;" |
* [[:Category:Languages|Vánšif]]
* [[:Category:Conlangs|Elentánšif]]
* [[:Category:Natlangs|Natlangs]]
| style="width:10%; font-size:95%;" |
* [[Linguifex:IPA keys|IPA keys]]
* [[Linguifex:Translations|Jovvánsa]]
* '''[[Special:Categories|All categories]]'''
|}

User:Waahlis/Template:Front/banner/Laefêvëši

2014-11-08T00:48:31Z

Ashucky:

{| id="mp-topbanner" style="width:100%; background:#f5faff; margin:1.2em 0 6px 0; border:1px solid #CCC;"
| style="width:31%; color:#000; text-align:center; vertical-align:middle;" |

{| style="width:280px; border:none; background:none; "
| style="width:280px; text-align:center; white-space:nowrap; color:#000;" |
<div style="top:+0.2em; font-size:200%; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 27px; margin-left:;">Aurôlesteko Linguifekser,</div>
:<div style="top:+0.2em; font-size:120%; margin-bottom: 5px; margin-left:;">[[wikipedia:Free content|nóuira]] [[Guide:Introduction|féuha vléieilallélja]] [[wikipedia:Wiki|wíkira]] '''elentánšinna'''!</div>
<div id="articlecount" style="font-size:80%; margin-bottom:27px;">Currently detailing [[Special:Statistics|{{NUMBEROFARTICLES}}]] articles and languages: {{#expr:({{NUMBEROFARTICLES}}/3000*100) round1}}% of our goal.
 There are currently [[:Category:Stubs|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Stubs}}]] stubs and [[:Category:Improvement|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wiki work}}]] articles that need expanding.</div>
|}

| style="width:10%; font-size:95%;" |
* [[Special:WikiForum|Gelónant]]
* [[Portal:Contionary|Contionary]]
* [[Portal:Library|Naránt]]
* [[Portal:Relays|Relays]]
| style="width:10%; font-size:95%;" |
* [[Linguifex:Featured language|Featured]]
* [[:Guide:Conlanging tools|Bána]]
* [[Linguifex:Phonetics|Jônseit]]
* [[Linguifex:Linguistics|Vánseit]]
| style="width:10%; font-size:95%;" |
* [[:Category:Languages|Vánšif]]
* [[:Category:Conlangs|Elentánšif]]
* [[:Category:Natlangs|Natlangs]]
| style="width:10%; font-size:95%;" |
* [[Linguifex:IPA keys|IPA keys]]
* [[Linguifex:Translations|Jovvánsa]]
* '''[[Special:Categories|All categories]]'''
|}