Linguifex - User contributions [en]

Nawi

2016-02-19T16:18:43Z

Burke:

{{construction}}

{{Infobox language
|name = Nawi
|nativename = Nawi
|pronunciation = /'na.wi /
|familycolor = Language isolate
|fam1 = Nawi
|script = [[w:Latin script|Latin]]
|notice = IPA
}}

'''Nawi''' is a constructed, a priori language. Nawi is created and maintained by [[User:Burke|Burke]], and being incomplete it has no real speakers, and chances are it never will have any. There is hope that it will feed into some sort of project wherein it gives rise to daughter languages.

==Background==
Nawi is a personal project to investigate and incorporate elements of languages that constructed languages often seem to avoid including processes of [[w:reduplication|reduplication]], [[w:relational_noun|relational nouns]], and some other topics. If any form of Nawi ever does end up spoken in any degree, it will likely be the offspring of odd projects. It also will come with its own writing system behind it, hopefully.

==Phonology==
:''For more information, please go to you local library''
Nawi has a fairly simple and restricted sound system. One thing of interesting note is that while it has a palatal stop, it appears to be very unstable. The four vowels shift occasionally based on the preceding consonant, but the vowels changing the consonant is far more common.

{{Col-begin}}
{{Col-2}}
{| {{Table/bluetable}} style="width: 650px; text-align: center;"
|+''Consonants''
!colspan="6"|Consonant Phonemes
|-
!colspan="1"|
! style="text-align: center;"|Labial
! style="text-align: center;"|Dental
! style="text-align: center;"|Palatal
! style="text-align: center;"|Velar
! style="text-align: center;"|Glottal
|-
!colspan="1"|Plosive
|colspan="1"|'''p''' /p/
|colspan="1"|'''t''' /t/
|colspan="1"|'''c'''1 /c/
|colspan="1"|'''k''' /k/
|colspan="1"|
|-
!colspan="1"|Nasal
|colspan="1"|'''m''' /m/
|colspan="1"|'''n''' /n/
|colspan="1"|
|colspan="1"|'''g'''2 /ŋ/
|colspan="1"|
|-
!colspan="1"|Fricative
|colspan="1"|
|colspan="1"|'''s'''3 /s/
|colspan="1"|
|colspan="1"|
|colspan="1"|'''h'''4 /h/
|-
!colspan="1"|Approximant
|colspan="1"|
|colspan="1"|
|colspan="1"|'''j''' /j/
|colspan="1"|'''w'''5 /w/
|colspan="1"|
|-
!colspan="1"|Flap
|colspan="1"|
|colspan="1"|'''r''' /r/
|colspan="1"|
|colspan="1"|
|colspan="1"|
|}

'''N.B.''': Orthography is noted in bold.

'''1.''' /c/ is realized as [t͡s] before /i/ and /ɛ/

'''2.''' /ŋ/ is realized as [ʔ] before /i/ and /ɛ/

'''3.''' /s/ is realized as [ʃ] before /i/

'''4.''' /h/ is realized as [ɸ] before /o/

'''5.''' /w/ is realized as [v] before /i/

{{Col-2}}
{| {{Table/bluetable}} style="margin-left:10px; width: 300px;"
|+ Vowel Phonemes
!
! style="text-align: center;"|Front
! style="text-align: center;"|Central
! style="text-align: center;"|Back
|-align=center class=small
|-align=center
! Close
|'''i''' /i/|| ||
|-align=center
! Near Close
||| ||'''o''' /o/
|-align=center
! Near Open
|'''e''' /ɛ/|| ||
|-align=center
! Open
| || '''a''' /ä/ ||
|}
{{Col-end}}

The syllable is restricted exclusively to the CV pair, where both are required. If it seems like a bare vowel is heard, it is likely a weakened /h/ or a lost velar nasal.

===Tone===
Nawi has a simple tonal system where one syllable in a word may be marked for high-tone or as a tonal break point, whereby the pitch falls on the syllable immediately following it. This is normally realized by having a slow build up to the high tone syllable and then a sharp drop immediately after it. While tone is the sole dividing feature of many words from each other, it is often not very important since context is typically sufficient to discern which word was meant. There are some puns that center around this difference, but they are usually relegated to grandfathers telling corny jokes.

Nawi

2015-06-19T17:56:46Z

Burke:

{{construction}}

{{Infobox language
|name = Nawi
|nativename = Nawi
|pronunciation = /nɑ̀.ví /
|familycolor = Language isolate
|fam1 = Nawi
|dia1 = Literary (Toma)
|dia2 = Natural
|script = Pawa, [[w:Latin script|Latin]]
|notice = IPA
}}

'''Nawi''' is a constructed, a priori language that serves two purposes, which shows the dialectal split. The first, the Literary, is a psuedohistory recorded by a monk from inner Africa who moves to Alexandria whose name is recorded as Toma. The purpose of the Literary dialect is to produce vocabulary terms, some grammar, and put the language in a little context. The second variety and purpose is the Natural, which, after the Literary is sufficiently developed, will serve as a metrolang for several languages in a separate project.

Nawi is created and maintained by [[User:Burke|Burke]], and being incomplete it has no real speakers, and chances are it never will have any.

==Background==
Nawi is a personal project to investigate and incorporate elements of languages that constructed languages often seem to avoid including processes of [[w:reduplication|reduplication]], [[w:relational_noun|relational nouns]], and some other topics. The first form, Literary, will be used to fuel the second, Natural. If any form of Nawi ever does end up spoken in any degree, it will likely be the Literary since it will have the most defined lexicon and strongest prescribed grammar. It also will come with its own writing system behind it.

==Phonology==
:''For more information, please go to you local library''
Nawi has a fairly simple and restricted sound system. One thing of interesting note is that while it has a palatal stop, it appears to be very unstable. The four vowels shift occasionally based on the preceding consonant, but the vowels changing the consonant is far more common.

{{Col-begin}}
{{Col-2}}
{| {{Table/bluetable}} style="width: 650px; text-align: center;"
|+''Consonants''
!colspan="6"|Consonant Phonemes
|-
!colspan="1"|
! style="text-align: center;"|Labial
! style="text-align: center;"|Dental
! style="text-align: center;"|Palatal
! style="text-align: center;"|Velar
! style="text-align: center;"|Glottal
|-
!colspan="1"|Plosive
|colspan="1"|'''p''' /p/
|colspan="1"|'''t''' /t/
|colspan="1"|'''c'''1 /c/
|colspan="1"|'''k''' /k/
|colspan="1"|
|-
!colspan="1"|Nasal
|colspan="1"|'''m''' /m/
|colspan="1"|'''n''' /n/
|colspan="1"|
|colspan="1"|'''g'''2 /ŋ/
|colspan="1"|
|-
!colspan="1"|Fricative
|colspan="1"|
|colspan="1"|'''s'''3 /s/
|colspan="1"|
|colspan="1"|
|colspan="1"|'''h'''4 /h/
|-
!colspan="1"|Approximant
|colspan="1"|
|colspan="1"|
|colspan="1"|'''j''' /j/
|colspan="1"|'''w'''5 /w/
|colspan="1"|
|-
!colspan="1"|Flap
|colspan="1"|
|colspan="1"|'''r''' /r/
|colspan="1"|
|colspan="1"|
|colspan="1"|
|}

'''N.B.''': Orthography is noted in bold.

'''1.''' /c/ is realized as [t͡s] before /i/ and /ɛ/

'''2.''' /ŋ/ is realized as [ʔ] before /i/ and /ɛ/

'''3.''' /s/ is realized as [ʃ] before /i/

'''4.''' /h/ is realized as [ɸ] before /o/

'''5.''' /w/ is realized as [v] before /i/

{{Col-2}}
{| {{Table/bluetable}} style="margin-left:10px; width: 300px;"
|+ Vowel Phonemes
!
! style="text-align: center;"|Front
! style="text-align: center;"|Central
! style="text-align: center;"|Back
|-align=center class=small
|-align=center
! Close
|'''i''' /i/|| ||
|-align=center
! Near Close
||| ||'''o''' /o/
|-align=center
! Near Open
|'''e''' /ɛ/|| ||
|-align=center
! Open
| || '''a''' /ä/ ||
|}
{{Col-end}}

The syllable is restricted exclusively to the CV pair, where both are required. If it seems like a bare vowel is heard, it is likely a weakened /h/ or a lost velar nasal.

===Tone===
Nawi has a simple tonal system where one syllable in a word may be marked for high-tone or as a tonal break point, whereby the pitch falls on the syllable immediately following it. This is normally realized by having a slow build up to the high tone syllable and then a sharp drop immediately after it. While tone is the sole dividing feature of many words from each other, it is often not very important since context is typically sufficient to discern which word was meant. There are some puns that center around this difference, but they are usually relegated to grandfathers telling corny jokes.

Nawi

2015-06-19T17:46:58Z

Burke: Overview of the Nawi Language

{{construction}}

{{Infobox language
|name = Nawi
|nativename = Nawi
|pronunciation = /nɑ̀.ví /
|familycolor = Language isolate
|fam1 = Nawi
|dia1 = Literary (Toma)
|dia2 = Natural
|script = Pawa,[[w:Latin script|Latin]]
|notice = IPA
}}

'''Nawi''' is a constructed, a priori language that werves two purposes, which shows the dialectal split. The first, the Literary, is a psuedohistory recorded by a monk from inner Africa who moves to Alexandria whose name is recorded as Toma. The purpose of the Literary dialect is to produce vocabulary terms, some grammar, and put the language in a little context. The second variety and purpose is the Natural, which, after the Literary is sufficiently developed, will serve as a metrolang for several languages in a separate project.

Nawi is created and maintained by [[User:Burke|Burke]], and being incomplete it has no real speakers, and chances are it never will have any.

==Background==
Nawi is a personal project to investigate and incorporate elements of languages that constructed languages often seem to avoid including processes of [[w:reduplication|reduplication]], [[w:relational_noun|relational nouns]], and some other topics. The first form, Literary, will be used to fuel the second, Natural. If any form of Nawi ever does end up spoken in any degree, it will likely be the Literary since it will have the most defined lexicon and strongest prescribed grammar. It also will come with its own writing system behind it.

==Phonology==
:''For more information, please go to you local library''
Nawi has a fairly simple and restricted sound system. One thing of interesting note is that while it has a palatal stop, it appears to be very unstable. The four vowels shift occasionally based on the preceding consonant, but the vowels changing the consonant is far more common.

{{Col-begin}}
{{Col-2}}
{| {{Table/bluetable}} style="width: 650px; text-align: center;"
|+''Consonants''
!colspan="6"|Consonant Phonemes
|-
!colspan="1"|
! style="text-align: center;"|Labial
! style="text-align: center;"|Dental
! style="text-align: center;"|Palatal
! style="text-align: center;"|Velar
! style="text-align: center;"|Glottal
|-
!colspan="1"|Plosive
|colspan="1"|'''p''' /p/
|colspan="1"|'''t''' /t/
|colspan="1"|'''c'''1 /c/
|colspan="1"|'''k''' /k/
|colspan="1"|
|-
!colspan="1"|Nasal
|colspan="1"|'''m''' /m/
|colspan="1"|'''n''' /n/
|colspan="1"|
|colspan="1"|'''g'''2 /ŋ/
|colspan="1"|
|-
!colspan="1"|Fricative
|colspan="1"|
|colspan="1"|'''s'''3 /s/
|colspan="1"|
|colspan="1"|
|colspan="1"|'''h'''4 /h/
|-
!colspan="1"|Approximant
|colspan="1"|
|colspan="1"|
|colspan="1"|'''j''' /j/
|colspan="1"|'''w'''5 /w/
|colspan="1"|
|-
!colspan="1"|Flap
|colspan="1"|
|colspan="1"|'''r''' /r/
|colspan="1"|
|colspan="1"|
|colspan="1"|
|}

'''N.B.''': Orthography is noted in bold.

'''1.''' /c/ is realized as [t͡s] before /i/ and /ɛ/

'''2.''' /ŋ/ is realized as [ʔ] before /i/ and /ɛ/

'''3.''' /s/ is realized as [ʃ] before /i/

'''4.''' /h/ is realized as [ɸ] before /o/

'''5.''' /w/ is realized as [v] before /i/

{{Col-2}}
{| {{Table/bluetable}} style="margin-left:10px; width: 300px;"
|+ Vowel Phonemes
!
! style="text-align: center;"|Front
! style="text-align: center;"|Central
! style="text-align: center;"|Back
|-align=center class=small
|-align=center
! Close
|'''i''' /i/|| ||
|-align=center
! Near Close
||| ||'''o''' /o/
|-align=center
! Near Open
|'''e''' /ɛ/|| ||
|-align=center
! Open
| || '''a''' /ä/ ||
|}
{{Col-end}}

The syllable is restricted exclusively to the CV pair, where both are required. If it seems like a bare vowel is heard, it is likely a weakened /h/ or a lost velar nasal.

===Tone===
Nawi has a simple tonal system where one syllable in a word may be marked for high-tone or as a tonal break point, whereby the pitch falls on the syllable immediately following it. This is normally realized by having a slow build up to the high tone syllable and then a sharp drop immediately after it. While tone is the sole dividing feature of many words from each other, it is often not very important since context is typically sufficient to discern which word was meant. There are some puns that center around this difference, but they are usually relegated to grandfathers telling corny jokes.

User talk:Ceige

2015-01-28T22:13:29Z

Burke:

'''Welcome to ''Linguifex''!'''
We hope you will contribute much and well.
You will probably want to read the [[Help:Contents|help pages]].
Again, welcome and have fun! [[File:Admin.png|35px|link=Linguifex:Administrators]] '''[[User talk:Chrysophylax|Chrysophylax]]''' 06:51, 1 September 2013 (CEST)
 
:No, I refuse to have fun! How dare ye presume I should have fun! ;D But seriously, thanks for having me! Hopefully I can figure out how things work! --[[User:Ceige|Ceige]] ([[User talk:Ceige|talk]]) 07:07, 1 September 2013 (CEST)
::I eagerly await to see what you put up :D --[[File:Admin.png|35px|link=Linguifex:Administrators]] '''[[User talk:Chrysophylax|Chrysophylax]]''' 07:29, 1 September 2013 (CEST)

== Personal welcome! ==

Welcome to Linguifex! :D

I'm Waahlis, adminstrating with Chrys and Zelos! You got started real quickly there; looks good!

However, I advise you to use IPA for your phonology, being the wiki standard! ^^ If there's something you need, just shout!

Sincerely, [[File:Waahlis.png|35px|link=Linguifex:Administrators]] '''[[User talk:Waahlis|Waahlis]]''' 12:07, 1 September 2013 (CEST)
 
:Haha, cheers Waahlis, nice to meet you! And whoops, sorry about that! I'll get back on it when I resume editing properly. I personally want to use IPA, I just wanted something in Phonology in the meantime so it looks slightly better than nothing. --[[User:Ceige|Ceige]] ([[User talk:Ceige|talk]]) 12:54, 1 September 2013 (CEST)

Quite convinced I've met you before... [[File:Waahlis.png|35px|link=Linguifex:Administrators]] '''[[User talk:Waahlis|Waahlis]]''' 13:13, 1 September 2013 (CEST)
:Wouldn't surprise me. You on the Facebook Conlang/Omniglot fan club group by chance? --[[User:Ceige|Ceige]] ([[User talk:Ceige|talk]]) 15:37, 1 September 2013 (CEST)

== Guess Who ==

I have a super secretive user name. Dig the CJ-Afroasiatic; I hope to see the whole page in Tifanagh soon. -- [[User:Burke|Burke]]

== Testing ==
'''Tested'''. [[User:Ceige|Ceige]] ([[User talk:Ceige|talk]]) 13:25, 7 December 2014 (CET)

Gomah

2013-08-24T18:55:10Z

Burke:

{{construction}}

{{Infobox language
|name = Gomah
|nativename = Gomahgaa
|pronunciation= /ŋo˥ma˩ŋa:˥/
|speakers = ½
|date = 2013
|familycolor= American
|family=Gomah languages
|ancestor=None worthy of note
|script=[[w:Latin script|Latin]], Gomahtaata
|notice=IPA
}}

'''Gomah''' (''Gomahgaa'') refers to the varieties of the Gomah language. It is the spurious brainchild of [[User:Burke|Burke]], whose original intention for it was to be a progenitor of many other languages to be derived from it. Once that over zealous project derailed, the conlang continued to develop now without the restriction of being bound to some poor tribe of hunter-gatherers who would have been forgotten anyhow.

It draws inspiration from many sources. The basic phonology was a naive nod towards [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polynesian_languages Polynesian languages] tied up in a twisted experiment of a simple tonality and how said tonality interacts with prosody and cadence. The structure is highly [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Analytic_language analytic] in nature, but word building makes ample room for compounding and derivation. The basic grammar is vaguely reminiscent of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_languages Chinese languages] or oversimplified [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/English_language English], but also makes use of structures and tendencies more common in [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mesoamerican_sprachbund Mesoamerica], such as [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relational_noun relational nouns] and [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inalienable_possession inalienable possession].

==Phonology==
===Vowels===
{|border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 60px; text-align:center;"
|-
! !! Front !! Central !! Back
|-
| High || i || ɨ || u
|-
| Mid || e|| || o
|-
| Low || || a||
|}
====Length====
Vowels in Gomah are either long or short. Long vowels are roughly twice as long as short ones. Much of the time vowel quality is identical between the two, but under some circumstances short vowels may lower in quality.
====Tone====
Each vowel segment is either high or low tone. The difference is not based in absolute pitch but realized in environment. Though both high and low tones can be analyzed as simple level tones, the mechanics of how tone is realized depends on the length of the vowel and prosody for the segment in which it exists.
===Consonants===
{|border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 60px; text-align:center;"
|-
! !! Labial !! Alveolar !! Palatal !! Velar !! Glottal
|-
| Stop|| p|| t|| || k|| ʔ1
|-
| Nasal|| m|| n|| || ŋ||
|-
| Fricative|| || s|| || || h
|-
| Tap|| || r|| || ||
|-
| Approximant|| w|| || j|| ||
|}

1 - The Glottal stop acts only as a form of hiatus to separate word ending vowels and word initial vowels. It does not occur in other environments.

===Phonotactics===

The only syllable structure present is CV. Words that appear with initial vowels start with a glottal stop almost always.

Only a small handful of syllables will not occur in Gomah. In the following, note that the vowel is used to represent all possible forms of that vowel quality.

The syllables /wu/, /wɨ/, /ji/, and /jɨ/ are all unattested and are avoided when words are loaned into Gomah.
===Sound Mutations===
Much like any other language, the actual sound realizations in Gomah do not fit the phonemes squarely. Below is a description of various sound changes that occur naturally.
====Tone Sandhi====
Tone in long vowels is subject to rises and falls depending on the following syllables. If the syllable following a long vowel is not the same tone as it, the tone will either rise or fall towards the end of its timing in anticipation of the tone change for the following syllable.

Short high vowels are also typically slightly lowered in pitch if they directly follow a long high syllable. There is no analogous change for low tone vowels.
====Short Vowel Lowering====
Short vowels are subject to a shift, called lowering since it is what the majority of them do, within certain environments. When this occurs, the following is observed:

a-/ʌ/

ɨ-/ə/

e-/ɛ/

i-/ɪ/

o-/ɔ/

u-/ʊ/

For short high vowels, this occurs when it follows a long high syllable. For short low syllables, this mutation occurs whenever it follows a high toned syllable. However, this does not occur across word boundaries. This mutation is most pronounced in the final syllable of the word, and more so among low toned vowels.
====Changes of /h/====
The /h/ morpheme will move forward to /x/ if the following vowel is /u/,/o/,or /a/ or one of their mutations.
====Consonant Voicing====
The /k/,/t/,/p/,/s/and /x/ sounds are subject to voicing to /g/,/d/,/b/,/z/, and /ɣ/ if they are not word initial and the following vowel does not undergo lowering.
===Prosody===
==Orthography==
There are two main modes of orthography: [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romanization Romanization] and Gomahtaata. The romanization exists for articles like this and for introduction to the sound of Gomah. Gomahtaata is a native logography made for Gomah. Characters almost always have a one to one correspondence with either sound or meaning, but some deviate from this. Very rarely, a character might be used purely for its phonic realization.
====Romanization====
The Romanization scheme is very simple, and it has been made so that no diacritics need to be used. Alternative and equally valid romanization that use diacritics are very possible, but the romanization that intentionally avoids them is preferred. Capitalization does not represent any sound change.

=====Vowels=====
Vowels are written to note all 3 phonemic properties: quality, length, and tone.

The orthography matches the IPA symbols in the original table except for /ɨ/ which is represented with [y].

Long vowels are represented by doubling the vowel. [a] is short. [aa] is long.

High toned vowels are unmarked, and low toned vowels are marked with a following [h]. [aa] and [y] are high tone. [iih] and [uh] are low tones.
=====Consonants=====
Consonants also follow a one to one mapping. Since there are no phonetic distinction like gemination or voicing, there are no changes that can be noticed orthographically. The letters selected match the IPA representations on the first chart, with the exception that the velar nasal is written as [g] and the glottal fricative is written as [x].
====Gomahtaata====
Gomahtaata (''lit. Gomah pictures or Gomah letters'') is a system of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logograms logograms] evolved from a pictographic mnemonic system. Because Gomah is highly analytic in structure, the ''taata'' are used exclusively with no supplement from phonetic characters. Since it is an open system, redundancy does occur and variants of some characters exist, but normally they are not so contrived as to cause confusion.
[John, add some picture examples or something.]
==Grammar==
Gomah's grammar is highly analytic. It relies heavily on word order and constructions derived from that to convey meaning.

It follows a [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morphosyntactic_alignment#Semantics_and_grammatical_relations Direct Alignment] scheme where subjects and objects of verbs are distinguished by position, but otherwise show no differences. The basic word order is SVO. This persists into substructures as well where the verb or verb like word acts in a sense as a delimiter. However, in regards to objects, Gomah is thoroughly [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secundative_language secundative], treating the indirect object of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ditransitive_verb ditransitive] verbs identically to the direct object of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monotransitive_verb monotransitive] verbs. Direct objects of ditransitive verbs are handled with separate structures. Verbs can typically act with any [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valency_%28linguistics%29 valency] possible, but there are a few verbs where multiple words are used for different valencies of semantically similar words.

Gomah lacks [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Preposition_and_postposition prepositions and postpositions] completely; instead, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relational_noun relational nouns] are used to convey what prepositions do in English.

Gomah also has a strong aversion from [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subordination_%28linguistics%29 subordination], with the relative clause in particular. Instead other strategies such as use of adjectival structures or possession cover what subordinating structures do in English.

Largely, Gomah can be analyzed as having 4 parts of speech: Nouns, Verbs, Adverbs, and particles and miscellaneous items. Adjectives fall within both the Noun and Verb classification
===Nouns===
Nouns indicate only that which they represent. Concepts like [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Definiteness definiteness] and [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grammatical_number number] are left to implication or, if needed, are explained via substructures.
====Pronouns====
=====Personal Pronouns=====
There are only 3 [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Personal_pronouns personal pronouns] in Gomah, divided along the category of person. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plural Plurality], [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deixis deixis], and other concepts are either left to implication or other structures.

{|border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 60px; text-align:center;"
|-
! Person !! Gomah
|-
| 1st|| koonih
|-
| 2nd|| muhtee
|-
| 3rd|| noo
|}

Each of these can function for either singular or plural, but there exist some extra constructions for when absolute clarity is needed.

{|border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 300px; text-align:center;"
|-
! Usage !! Gomah
|-
| [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inclusive_we Inclusive We]|| koonih muhtee
|-
| Exclusive We|| koonih noo
|-
| Plural 2nd*|| muhtee noo
|}

* the Plural 2nd person comes with some caveats. It does not indicate [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%E2%80%93V_distinction T-V distinctions] like [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_language French]'s ''tu'' and ''vous'' do. It also carries the nuance that the other person not being addressed (the ''noo'') is absent or not present to the discourse; however, if it is needed for absolute clarity, the 3rd person may be present, but this usage is seen as odd at best and typically wrong.
====Possesion====
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Possession_%28linguistics%29 Possession] is shown by directly preposing pronouns before the possessum. For Example:

koonih noomah - my food

noo ruusih - his birth

For specific nouns to show possession, the 3rd person "noo" is used:

maahpi noo garii - the man's friend / the friend of the man
====Modification via Nouns====
===Verbs===
===Adverbs===
===Particles and Miscellaneous===
==Syntax==

[[Category:Conlangs]]

Gomah

2013-08-24T04:42:19Z

Burke:

{{construction}}

{{Infobox language
|name = Gomah
|nativename = Gomahgaa
|pronunciation= /ŋo˥ma˩ŋa:˥/
|speakers = ½
|date = 2013
|familycolor= American
|family=Gomah languages
|ancestor=None worthy of note
|script=[[w:Latin script|Latin]], Gomahtaata
|notice=IPA
}}

Gomah (Gomah ''Gomahgaa'') refers to the varieties of the Gomah language. It is the spurious brainchild of [[User:Burke|Burke]], whose original intention for it was to be a progenitor of many other languages to be derived from it. Once that over zealous project derailed, the conlang continued to develop now without the restriction of being bound to some poor tribe of hunter-gatherers who would have been forgot anyhow.

It draws inspiration from many sources. The basic phonology was a naive nod towards [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polynesian_languages Polynesian languages] tied up in a twisted experiment of a simple tonality and how said tonality interacts with prosody and cadence. The structure is highly [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Analytic_language analytic] in nature, but word building makes ample room for compounding and derivation. The basic grammar is vaguely reminiscent of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_languages Chinese languages] or oversimplified [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/English_language English], but also makes use of structures and tendencies more common in [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mesoamerican_sprachbund Mesoamerica], such as [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relational_noun relational nouns] and [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inalienable_possession inalienable possession].

==Phonology==
===Vowels===
{|border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 60px; text-align:center;"
|-
! !! Front !! Central !! Back
|-
| High || i || ɨ || u
|-
| Mid || e|| || o
|-
| Low || || a||
|}
====Length====
Vowels in Gomah are either long or short. Long vowels are roughly twice as long as short ones. Much of the time vowel quality is identical between the two, but under some circumstances short vowels may lower in quality.
====Tone====
Each vowel segment is either high or low tone. The difference is not based in absolute pitch but realized in environment. Though both high and low tones can be analyzed as simple level tones, the mechanics of how tone is realized depends on the length of the vowel and prosody for the segment in which it exists.
===Consonants===
{|border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 60px; text-align:center;"
|-
! !! Labial !! Alveolar !! Palatal !! Velar !! Glottal
|-
| Stop|| p|| t|| || k|| ʔ1
|-
| Nasal|| m|| n|| || ŋ||
|-
| Fricative|| || s|| || || h
|-
| Tap|| || r|| || ||
|-
| Approximant|| w|| || j|| ||
|}

1 - The Glottal stop acts only as a form of hiatus to separate word ending vowels and word initial vowels. It does not occur in other environments.

===Phonotactics===

The only syllable structure present is CV. Words that appear with initial vowels start with a glottal stop almost always.

Only a small handful of syllables will not occur in Gomah. In the following, note that the vowel is used to represent all possible forms of that vowel quality.

wu
wɨ
ji
jɨ are all unattested and are avoided when words are loaned into Gomah.
===Sound Mutations===
Much like any other language, the actual sound realizations in Gomah do not fit the phonemes squarely. Below is a description of various sound changes that occur naturally.
====Tone Sandhi====
Tone in long vowels is subject to rises and falls depending on the following syllables. If the syllable following a long vowel is not the same tone as it, the tone will either rise or fall towards the end of its timing in anticipation of the tone change for the following syllable.

Short high vowels are also typically slightly lowered in pitch if they directly follow a long high syllable. There is no analogous change for low tone vowels.
====Short Vowel Lowering====
Short vowels are subject to a shift, called lowering since it is what the majority of them do, within certain environments. When this occurs, the following is observed:

a-/ʌ/

ɨ-/ə/

e-/ɛ/

i-/ɪ/

o-/ɔ/

u-/ʊ/

For short high vowels, this occurs when it follows a long high syllable. For short low syllables, this mutation occurs whenever it follows a high toned syllable. However, this does not occur across word boundaries. This mutation is most pronounced in the final syllable of the word, and more so among low toned vowels.
====Changes of /h/====
The /h/ morpheme will move forward to /x/ if the following vowel is /u/,/o/,or /a/ or one of their mutations.
====Consonant Voicing====
The /k/,/t/,/p/,/s/and /x/ sounds are subject to voicing to /g/,/d/,/b/,/z/, and /ɣ/ if they are not word initial and the following vowel does not undergo lowering.
===Prosody===
==Orthography==
There are two main modes of orthography: [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romanization Romanization] and Gomahtaata. The romanization exists for articles like this and for introduction to the sound of Gomah. Gomahtaata is a native logography made for Gomah. Characters almost always have a one to one correspondence with either sound or meaning, but some deviate from this. Very rarely, a character might be used purely for its phonic realization.
====Romanization====
The Romanization scheme is very simple, and it has been made so that no diacritics need to be used. Alternative and equally valid romanization that use diacritics are very possible, but the romanization that intentionally avoids them is preferred. Capitalization does not represent any sound change.

=====Vowels=====
Vowels are written to note all 3 phonemic properties: quality, length, and tone.

The orthography matches the IPA symbols in the original table except for /ɨ/ which is represented with [y].

Long vowels are represented by doubling the vowel. [a] is short. [aa] is long.

High toned vowels are unmarked, and low toned vowels are marked with a following [h]. [aa] and [y] are high tone. [iih] and [uh] are low tones.
=====Consonants=====
Consonants also follow a one to one mapping. Since there are no phonetic distinction like gemination or voicing, there are no changes that can be noticed orthographically. The letters selected match the IPA representations on the first chart, with the exception that the velar nasal is written as [g] and the glottal fricative is written as [x].
====Gomahtaata====
Gomahtaata (''lit. Gomah pictures or Gomah letters'') is a system of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logograms logograms] evolved from a pictographic mnemonic system. Because Gomah is highly analytic in structure, the ''taata'' are used exclusively with no supplement from phonetic characters. Since it is an open system, redundancy does occur and variants of some characters exist, but normally they are not so contrived as to cause confusion.
[John, add some picture examples or something.]
==Grammar==
Gomah's grammar is highly analytic. It relies heavily on word order and constructions derived from that to convey meaning.

It follows a [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morphosyntactic_alignment#Semantics_and_grammatical_relations Direct Alignment] scheme where subjects and objects of verbs are distinguished by position, but otherwise show no differences. The basic word order is SVO. This persists into substructures as well where the verb or verb like word acts in a sense as a delimiter. However, in regards to objects, Gomah is thoroughly [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secundative_language secundative], treating the indirect object of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ditransitive_verb ditransitive] verbs identically to the direct object of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monotransitive_verb monotransitive] verbs. Direct objects of ditransitive verbs are handled with separate structures. Verbs can typically act with any [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valency_%28linguistics%29 valency] possible, but there are a few verbs where multiple words are used for different valencies of semantically similar words.

Gomah lacks [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Preposition_and_postposition prepositions and postpositions] completely; instead, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relational_noun relational nouns] are used to convey what prepositions do in English.

Gomah also has a strong aversion from [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subordination_%28linguistics%29 subordination], with the relative clause in particular. Instead other strategies such as use of adjectival structures or possession cover what subordinating structures do in English.

Largely, Gomah can be analyzed as having 4 parts of speech: Nouns, Verbs, Adverbs, and particles and miscellaneous items. Adjectives fall within both the Noun and Verb classification
===Nouns===
Nouns indicate only that which they represent. Concepts like [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Definiteness definiteness] and [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grammatical_number number] are left to implication or, if needed, are explained via substructures.
====Pronouns====
=====Personal Pronouns=====
There are only 3 [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Personal_pronouns personal pronouns] in Gomah, divided along the category of person. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plural Plurality], [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deixis deixis], and other concepts are either left to implication or other structures.

{|border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 60px; text-align:center;"
|-
! Person !! Gomah
|-
| 1st|| koonih
|-
| 2nd|| muhtee
|-
| 3rd|| noo
|}

Each of these can function for either singular or plural, but there exist some extra constructions for when absolute clarity is needed.

{|border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 300px; text-align:center;"
|-
! Usage !! Gomah
|-
| [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inclusive_we Inclusive We]|| koonih muhtee
|-
| Exclusive We|| koonih noo
|-
| Plural 2nd*|| muhtee noo
|}

* the Plural 2nd person comes with some caveats. It does not indicate [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%E2%80%93V_distinction T-V distinctions] like [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_language French]'s ''tu'' and ''vous'' do. It also carries the nuance that the other person not being addressed (the ''noo'') is absent or not present to the discourse; however, if it is needed for absolute clarity, the 3rd person may be present, but this usage is seen as odd at best and typically wrong.
====Possesion====
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Possession_%28linguistics%29 Possession] is shown by directly preposing pronouns before the possessum. For Example:

koonih noomah - my food

noo ruusih - his birth

For specific nouns to show possession, the 3rd person "noo" is used:

maahpi noo garii - the man's friend / the friend of the man
====Modification via Nouns====
===Verbs===
===Adverbs===
===Particles and Miscellaneous===
==Syntax==

[[Category:Conlangs]]

Gomah

2013-08-22T13:02:37Z

Burke: Info on Gomah, Burke's project

User talk:Burke

2013-08-21T21:31:30Z

Burke: /* Welcome! */

==Welcome!==
Welcome to Linguifex! I saw Chrysophylax added you manually? :)We all hope you will make wonders around here! Welcome yet again to the wiki and the community! If there's is something you need, or do not understand, just shout for one of the admins! Sincerely, [[File:Waahlis.png|35px|link=Linguifex:Administrators]] '''[[User talk:Waahlis|Waahlis]]''' 18:32, 17 August 2013 (CEST)

Thanks for the welcome man! Looks like a great place. I plan on putting my Gomah stuff up here soon. Get how this stuff works soon. ANy tips [[User:Burke|Burke]] ([[User talk:Burke|talk]]) 23:31, 21 August 2013 (CEST) Burke