https://linguifex.com/w/api.php?action=feedcontributions&feedformat=atom&user=Eakarpov 2026-04-06T23:18:47Z User contributions MediaWiki 1.43.6 https://linguifex.com/w/index.php?title=Novoslovnica&diff=46537 2016-03-02T16:40:38Z

<p>Eakarpov: /* Adjectives */</p> <hr /> <div>{{Infobox language<br /> |name = Novoslovnica<br /> |nativename = Новословница<br /> |pronunciation = [novo'slovnica]<br /> |speakers = <br /> |date = <br /> |familycolor = Indo-European<br /> |fam1 = [[w:Conlang|Conlang]]<br /> |creator = [[User:eakarpov|Yegor Karpov]]<br /> |created = 2014<br /> |setting = <br /> |posteriori = <br /> |script = [[w:Cyrillic script|Cyrillic]], [[w:Latin script|Latin]]<br /> |image = <br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''Novoslovnica''' is a [[constructed language]] created by Yegor Karpov in 2014. Its name is composed by the words ''nov'' (&quot;new&quot;) and ''slovo'' (&quot;word&quot;). Its main features are lexical purism, wealthy phonology and logical stucture.<br /> <br /> Novoslovnica collaborates within the interslavic community, bearing the aim of constructing the ideal language, that Slavs could use in international communication.<br /> <br /> ==Phonology and orthography==<br /> <br /> ===Alphabet===<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> ! Latin<br /> |align=center| a/ä/á<br /> |align=center| å<br /> |align=center| b<br /> |align=center| c<br /> |align=center| č<br /> |align=center| d<br /> |align=center| đ<br /> |align=center| e/ë/é<br /> |align=center| ę<br /> |align=center| ě<br /> |align=center| f<br /> |align=center| g<br /> |align=center| ĝ<br /> |align=center| h<br /> |align=center| i/ï/ĩ <br /> |align=center| j<br /> |align=center| ǐ<br /> |align=center| k<br /> |align=center| l<br /> |align=center| m<br /> |align=center| n<br /> |align=center| o/ö/ó<br /> |align=center| ô<br /> |align=center| p<br /> |align=center| r<br /> |align=center| ř<br /> |align=center| s<br /> |align=center| ŝ<br /> |align=center| š<br /> |align=center| t<br /> |align=center| u/ü/ú<br /> |align=center| ų<br /> |align=center| ů<br /> |align=center| v<br /> |align=center| w<br /> |align=center| x<br /> |align=center| y<br /> |align=center| z<br /> |align=center| ž<br /> |-<br /> ! Cyrillic<br /> |align=center| а/я/á<br /> |align=center| å<br /> |align=center| б<br /> |align=center| ц<br /> |align=center| ч<br /> |align=center| д<br /> |align=center| џ<br /> |align=center| е/є/э<br /> |align=center| ѧ<br /> |align=center| ѣ<br /> |align=center| ф<br /> |align=center| г<br /> |align=center| ґ<br /> |align=center| х<br /> |align=center| и/i/ï<br /> |align=center| j<br /> |align=center| й<br /> |align=center| к<br /> |align=center| л<br /> |align=center| м<br /> |align=center| н<br /> |align=center| о/ё/ó<br /> |align=center| ô<br /> |align=center| п<br /> |align=center| р<br /> |align=center| ҏ<br /> |align=center| с<br /> |align=center| s<br /> |align=center| ш<br /> |align=center| т<br /> |align=center| у/ю/ӯ<br /> |align=center| ų<br /> |align=center| ъ<br /> |align=center| в<br /> |align=center| ў<br /> |align=center| ќ<br /> |align=center| ы<br /> |align=center| з<br /> |align=center| ж<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===Pronunciation===<br /> <br /> Every letter is pronounced in the only way, so it is easy to start reading Novoslovnica after learning the alphabet and the phonology of the language.<br /> <br /> ====Consonants====<br /> {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;1&quot; cellspacing=&quot;1&quot; class=&quot;bluetable lightbluebg&quot;<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 66px; text-align: center; &quot;|Bilabial<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 66px; text-align: center; &quot;|Labio-dental<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 66px; text-align: center; &quot;|Dental<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 66px; text-align: center; &quot;|Alveolar<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 66px; text-align: center; &quot;|Post-alveolar<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 66px; text-align: center; &quot;|Palatal<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 66px; text-align: center; &quot;|Labio-velar<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 66px; text-align: center; &quot;|Velar<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 66px; text-align: center; &quot;|Glottal<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 66px; &quot;|<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|m /m/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|n /n/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center; &quot;|Nasal<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|p /p/ b /b/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|t /t/ d /d/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|k /k/ ĝ /g/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center; &quot;|Plosive<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|f /f/ v /v/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|θ /θ/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|s /s/ z /z/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;| š /ʂ/ ž /ʐ/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|j /ʝ/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|h /x/ g /ɣ/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center; &quot;|Fricative<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|w /ʋ/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|ĵ /j/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center; &quot;|Approximant<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|r /r/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center; &quot;|Trill<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|l /l/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center; &quot;|Lateral<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ====Vowels====<br /> The stress is movable, but it tends to the first syllable of the word's root.<br /> {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;1&quot; cellspacing=&quot;1&quot; class=&quot;bluetable lightbluebg&quot;<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 90px; text-align: center; &quot;|Front<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 90px; text-align: center; &quot;|Near-front<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 90px; text-align: center; &quot;|Central<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 90px; text-align: center; &quot;|Near-back<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 90px; text-align: center; &quot;|Back<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 90px; &quot;|<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|ï /i/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|y /ɨ/ ü /ʉ/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|u /u/<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center; &quot;|Close<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|i /ɪ/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|ě /ɪ̈/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|ô /ʊ/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center; &quot;|Near-close<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|ë /e/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|e /ɘ/ ö /ɵ/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|o /o/<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center; &quot;|Close-mid<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|ů /ə/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center; &quot;|Mid<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|å /ʌ/<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center; &quot;|Open-mid<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|ä /æ/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center; &quot;|Near-open<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|a /a/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center; &quot;|Open<br /> |}<br /> <br /> Vowels distinguish on long and short ones. In writing the long vowel is determinated by the akut on the letter ov the vowel. Vowels ''a'', ''e'', ''o'' and ''u'' can be long and short, other can be only short.<br /> <br /> ==Grammar==<br /> <br /> ===Articles===<br /> <br /> There are three determinative articles: ''ůt/to/ta/te'', ''ův/vo/va/ve'' and ''ůn/no/na/ne''.<br /> Articles are required when it's necessary to clear the object spoken about. The difference between the three articles is in position of the object. The ''ůt'' article is used when we can not see the object. The ''ůn'' article is used when we can see the object, but it is far from us. The ''ův'' article is used when we can see the object and it is close to us.<br /> <br /> ===Nouns===<br /> <br /> There are three numbers and 9 cases in Novoslovnica. Also there are three genders - masculine, feminine and neutral.<br /> <br /> :''dom'' - masculine<br /> :''voda'' - feminine<br /> :''slonco'' - neutral<br /> <br /> There are 3 paradigms, which determines practically how the very word changes in cases.<br /> <br /> {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;1&quot; cellspacing=&quot;1&quot; class=&quot;bluetable lightbluebg&quot;<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 90px; &quot;|<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 90px; text-align: center; &quot;|1A<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 90px; text-align: center; &quot;|1B<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 90px; text-align: center; &quot;|2A<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 90px; text-align: center; &quot;|2B<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 90px; text-align: center; &quot;|3A<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 90px; text-align: center; &quot;|3B<br /> |-<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Nominative<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Voda<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Dädä<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Dųb<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Slonco<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Dver'<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Vremę<br /> |-<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Genitive<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Vody<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Dädï<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Dųba<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Slonca<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Dverï<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Vremenï<br /> |-<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Partitive<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Vody<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Dädï<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Dųbu<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Sloncu<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Dverï<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Vremenï<br /> |-<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Accusative<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Vodu<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Dädü<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Dųb<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Slonco<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Dver'<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Vremę<br /> |-<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Dative<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Vodě<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Dädě<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Dųbu<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Sloncu<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Dverï<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Vremenï<br /> |-<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Instrumentative<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Vodoĵ<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Dädëĵ<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Dųbom<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|SLoncom<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Dveriü<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Vremenëm<br /> |-<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Prepositive<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|O vodě<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|O dädě<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|O dųbě<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|O sloncě<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|O dverě<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|O vremeně<br /> |-<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Locative<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|V vodji<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Dädji<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|V dųbu<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|V sloncu<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Dverji<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Vo vremenji<br /> |-<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Vocative<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Vodo<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Dädö<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Dųbe<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Slonce<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Dverï<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Vremų<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===Adjectives===<br /> <br /> Adjectives always precede the noun they're related to.<br /> <br /> There are full and brief adjectives.<br /> <br /> {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;1&quot; cellspacing=&quot;1&quot; class=&quot;bluetable lightbluebg&quot;<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 90px; &quot;|<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 90px; text-align: center; &quot;|masc, firm<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 90px; text-align: center; &quot;|masc, soft<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 90px; text-align: center; &quot;|fem, firm<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 90px; text-align: center; &quot;|fem,soft<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 90px; text-align: center; &quot;|neu, firm<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 90px; text-align: center; &quot;|neu, soft<br /> |-<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Nominative<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Krasnyǐ<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> |-<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Genitive<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Krasnoga<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> |-<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Partitive<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Krasnogu<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> |-<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Accusative<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Krasnogo<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> |-<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Dative<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Krasnomu<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> |-<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Instrumentative<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Krasnym<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> |-<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Prepositive<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|O Krasnom<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> |-<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Locative<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|V Krasnomu<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> |-<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Vocative<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Krasnyǐ<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===Adverbs===<br /> <br /> Adverbs may be identified by adding ''-e'' to an stem of the adjective.<br /> :''jasno'' (clear) → ''jasne'' (clearly)<br /> <br /> ===Pronouns===<br /> <br /> ====Personal pronouns====<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Novbasa !! English<br /> |-<br /> | ''Ja'' || I<br /> |-<br /> | ''ty'' || you<br /> |-<br /> | ''On''/''Ona''/''Ono'' || he/she/it<br /> |-<br /> | ''Ma'' || we two<br /> |-<br /> | ''Va'' || you two<br /> |-<br /> | ''Ona'' || they two<br /> |-<br /> | ''My'' || we<br /> |-<br /> | ''Vy'' || you<br /> |-<br /> | ''Oni'' || they<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ====Possessive pronouns====<br /> <br /> Possessive pronouns change in cases quite as adjectives.<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Novbasa !! English<br /> |-<br /> | ''môǐ'' || I, mine<br /> |-<br /> | ''tvôǐ'' || your, yours<br /> |-<br /> | ''jegôǐ''/''jejôǐ'' || his/her, his/hers<br /> |-<br /> | ''naš'' || our, ours<br /> |-<br /> | ''vaš'' || your, yours<br /> |-<br /> | ''Ihniǐ'' || their, theirs<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ====Interrogative pronouns====<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Novbasa !! English<br /> |-<br /> | ''kto'' || who<br /> |-<br /> | ''čto'' || what<br /> |-<br /> | ''dy'' || when<br /> |-<br /> | ''de'' || where<br /> |-<br /> | ''kak'' || how<br /> |-<br /> | ''začto'' || why<br /> |-<br /> | ''kolïko'' || how much<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===Verbs===<br /> <br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Tense !! Novbasa !! English<br /> |-<br /> | Infinitive || ''strojati'' || to build<br /> |-<br /> | Present || ''ja strojam'' || I build<br /> |-<br /> | Present perfect || ''ja sům strojal'' || I have built<br /> |-<br /> | Past || ''Ja strojah'' || I built<br /> |-<br /> | Past perfect || ''Ja byh strojal'' || I had built<br /> |-<br /> | Future || ''Ja hte strojam'' || I will build<br /> |-<br /> | Near future || ''Ja budu strojati'' || I am going to build<br /> |-<br /> | Conditional || ''Ja bih strojal'' || I would build<br /> |-<br /> | Imperative || ''Stroj(aĵ)!'' || build!<br /> |-<br /> | Present Participle || ''Strojačiǐ'' || building<br /> |-<br /> | Past Participle || ''Strojan'' || built<br /> |}<br /> <br /> There are 4 different types of conjuction. Their conjuction depends on what vowels is on the end of the verb's stem. These vowels are: ''a'', ''e'', ''i'', ''u''.<br /> <br /> The reflexive is formed by putting ''sę'' before the verb.<br /> <br /> The passive is formed by dealing with the verb ''byti'' and past participle of the verb.<br /> <br /> ====Byti====<br /> <br /> ''Byti'' (&quot;to be&quot;) is one of irregular verbs.<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Tense !! Novbasa !! English<br /> |-<br /> | Infinitive || ''Byti'' || to be<br /> |-<br /> | Present || ''Ja sům'' || I am<br /> |-<br /> | Present perfect || ''Ja sům byl'' || I have been<br /> |-<br /> | Past || ''Ja byh'' || I was<br /> |-<br /> | Past pefect || ''Ja byh byl'' || I had been<br /> |-<br /> | Future || ''Ja hte sům'' || I will be<br /> |-<br /> | Near future || ''Ja budu'' || I am going to be<br /> |-<br /> | Conditional || ''Ja byh byl'' || I would be<br /> |-<br /> | Imperative || ''Bud'! '' || be!<br /> |-<br /> | Present Participle || ''Sųštyǐ'' || being<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===Numerals===<br /> <br /> ====Сardinal====<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Number !! Cardinal !! Number !! Cardinal<br /> |-<br /> | 0 || ''nôl' '' || 11 || ''jedennaǐčě''<br /> |-<br /> | 1 || ''jeden'' || 20 || ''dvaǐčě''<br /> |-<br /> | 2 || ''dva'' || 21 || ''dvaǐčě i jeden''<br /> |-<br /> | 3 || ''tri'' || 30 || ''triǐčě''<br /> |-<br /> | 4 || ''četyri'' || 40 || ''četyridesęt''<br /> |-<br /> | 5 || ''pęt '' || 50 || ''pętdesęt''<br /> |-<br /> | 6 || ''šest'' || 100 || ''sto''<br /> |-<br /> | 7 || ''sedem'' || 200 || ''dvěstě''<br /> |-<br /> | 8 || ''osem'' || 237 || ''dvěstě triǐčě sedem''<br /> |-<br /> | 9 || ''devęt'' || 1000 || ''tysęča''<br /> |-<br /> | 10 || ''desęt'' || 2000 || ''dvě tysęčy''<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ====Ordinal====<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Number !! Cardinal !! Number !! Cardinal<br /> |-<br /> | 0 || ''nôlövyǐ'' || 11 || ''jedennaǐčětyǐ''<br /> |-<br /> | 1 || ''půrvyǐ'' || 20 || ''dvaǐčětyǐ''<br /> |-<br /> | 2 || ''vtoryǐ'' || 21 || ''dvaǐčě půrvyǐ''<br /> |-<br /> | 3 || ''tretïǐ'' || 30 || ''triĵčětyǐ''<br /> |-<br /> | 4 || ''četvůrtyǐ'' || 40 || ''četyriǐčětyǐ''<br /> |-<br /> | 5 || ''pętyǐ'' || 50 || ''pętdesętyǐ''<br /> |-<br /> | 6 || ''šestyǐ'' || 100 || ''stotyǐ''<br /> |-<br /> | 7 || ''sedmyǐ'' || 200 || ''dvôhstotyǐ''<br /> |-<br /> | 8 || ''osmyǐ'' || 237 || ''dvěstě triǐčě sedmyǐ''<br /> |-<br /> | 9 || ''devętyǐ'' || 1000 || ''tysęčnyǐ''<br /> |-<br /> | 10 || ''desętyǐ'' || 2000 || ''dvôhtysęčnyǐ''<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==Lexicon==<br /> <br /> Lexicon is made up from all slavonic languages. Now the vocabulary of Novoslovnica is about 2,5 thousand words and is developing.<br /> <br /> ==Translations==<br /> <br /> ===Sample translations===<br /> <br /> English - ''All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood.''&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;<br /> Latin version - ''Vsě lüdskï sųštestvy su rođany svobodnymi i råvnymi v dostoĵnostï i pravah. Oni su obdareny råzumom i sověstïü i musüt postųpati jeden do drugoga v duhu bratstva.''&lt;br/&gt;<br /> Cyrrilic version - ''Всѣ людскi сѫществы су роџаны свободными и рåвными в достойностi и правах. Они су обдарены рåзумом и совѣстiю и мусют постѫпати jеден до другога в духу братства.''<br /> &lt;br/&gt;<br /> &lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;<br /> English - ''Language is the human ability to acquire and use complex systems of communication, and a language is any specific example of such a system. The scientific study of language is called linguistics. Estimates of the number of languages in the world vary between 5,000 and 7,000. However, any precise estimate depends on a partly arbitrary distinction between languages and dialects.'' &lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;<br /> Latin version - ''Jazyk je lüdsko uměnïë zjiskati i korystovati složny uklady občövanä, i jazyk je vsęk konkreten priklad ovoï uklady. Naučno izučene jazykov sę zova linĝvistikoǐ. Ocěna ličovstva jazykov sę měnäje među pętïü i sedemïü tysęčami. Jednak, vsęky ocěny zavïsut od častične sámovôľnoga råzličenä jazykov i dïalektov.''&lt;br/&gt;<br /> Cyrrilic version - ''Jазык jе людско умѣнiє зjискати и корыстовати сложны уклады обчёваня, и jазык jе всѧк конкретен приклад овоï уклады. Научно изучене jазыков сѧ зова линґвистикой. Оцѣна личовства jазыков сѧ мѣняjе меџу пѣтiю и седемiю тысѧчами. Jеднак, всѧкы оцѣны завiсут од частичне сáмовôльнога рåзличеня jазыков и дiалектов.''<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> <br /> * [http://cals.conlang.org/language/novoslovnica/] Novoslovnica in CALS<br /> * [http://nowoslownica.org] The official page of the language<br /> * [http://conworkshop.com/view_language.php?l=NSL] The page on ConWorkShop<br /> * [http://nsl.nowoslownica.org] The wiki in Novoslovnica<br /> * [http://elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=23512407] The article about Novoslovnica in eLibrari<br /> <br /> <br /> [[Category:Languages]]<br /> [[Category:Conlangs]]<br /> [[Category:Slavic languages]]</div>

Eakarpov https://linguifex.com/w/index.php?title=Novoslovnica&diff=46536 2016-03-02T16:40:09Z

<p>Eakarpov: /* Possessive pronouns */</p> <hr /> <div>{{Infobox language<br /> |name = Novoslovnica<br /> |nativename = Новословница<br /> |pronunciation = [novo'slovnica]<br /> |speakers = <br /> |date = <br /> |familycolor = Indo-European<br /> |fam1 = [[w:Conlang|Conlang]]<br /> |creator = [[User:eakarpov|Yegor Karpov]]<br /> |created = 2014<br /> |setting = <br /> |posteriori = <br /> |script = [[w:Cyrillic script|Cyrillic]], [[w:Latin script|Latin]]<br /> |image = <br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''Novoslovnica''' is a [[constructed language]] created by Yegor Karpov in 2014. Its name is composed by the words ''nov'' (&quot;new&quot;) and ''slovo'' (&quot;word&quot;). Its main features are lexical purism, wealthy phonology and logical stucture.<br /> <br /> Novoslovnica collaborates within the interslavic community, bearing the aim of constructing the ideal language, that Slavs could use in international communication.<br /> <br /> ==Phonology and orthography==<br /> <br /> ===Alphabet===<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> ! Latin<br /> |align=center| a/ä/á<br /> |align=center| å<br /> |align=center| b<br /> |align=center| c<br /> |align=center| č<br /> |align=center| d<br /> |align=center| đ<br /> |align=center| e/ë/é<br /> |align=center| ę<br /> |align=center| ě<br /> |align=center| f<br /> |align=center| g<br /> |align=center| ĝ<br /> |align=center| h<br /> |align=center| i/ï/ĩ <br /> |align=center| j<br /> |align=center| ǐ<br /> |align=center| k<br /> |align=center| l<br /> |align=center| m<br /> |align=center| n<br /> |align=center| o/ö/ó<br /> |align=center| ô<br /> |align=center| p<br /> |align=center| r<br /> |align=center| ř<br /> |align=center| s<br /> |align=center| ŝ<br /> |align=center| š<br /> |align=center| t<br /> |align=center| u/ü/ú<br /> |align=center| ų<br /> |align=center| ů<br /> |align=center| v<br /> |align=center| w<br /> |align=center| x<br /> |align=center| y<br /> |align=center| z<br /> |align=center| ž<br /> |-<br /> ! Cyrillic<br /> |align=center| а/я/á<br /> |align=center| å<br /> |align=center| б<br /> |align=center| ц<br /> |align=center| ч<br /> |align=center| д<br /> |align=center| џ<br /> |align=center| е/є/э<br /> |align=center| ѧ<br /> |align=center| ѣ<br /> |align=center| ф<br /> |align=center| г<br /> |align=center| ґ<br /> |align=center| х<br /> |align=center| и/i/ï<br /> |align=center| j<br /> |align=center| й<br /> |align=center| к<br /> |align=center| л<br /> |align=center| м<br /> |align=center| н<br /> |align=center| о/ё/ó<br /> |align=center| ô<br /> |align=center| п<br /> |align=center| р<br /> |align=center| ҏ<br /> |align=center| с<br /> |align=center| s<br /> |align=center| ш<br /> |align=center| т<br /> |align=center| у/ю/ӯ<br /> |align=center| ų<br /> |align=center| ъ<br /> |align=center| в<br /> |align=center| ў<br /> |align=center| ќ<br /> |align=center| ы<br /> |align=center| з<br /> |align=center| ж<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===Pronunciation===<br /> <br /> Every letter is pronounced in the only way, so it is easy to start reading Novoslovnica after learning the alphabet and the phonology of the language.<br /> <br /> ====Consonants====<br /> {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;1&quot; cellspacing=&quot;1&quot; class=&quot;bluetable lightbluebg&quot;<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 66px; text-align: center; &quot;|Bilabial<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 66px; text-align: center; &quot;|Labio-dental<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 66px; text-align: center; &quot;|Dental<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 66px; text-align: center; &quot;|Alveolar<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 66px; text-align: center; &quot;|Post-alveolar<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 66px; text-align: center; &quot;|Palatal<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 66px; text-align: center; &quot;|Labio-velar<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 66px; text-align: center; &quot;|Velar<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 66px; text-align: center; &quot;|Glottal<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 66px; &quot;|<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|m /m/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|n /n/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center; &quot;|Nasal<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|p /p/ b /b/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|t /t/ d /d/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|k /k/ ĝ /g/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center; &quot;|Plosive<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|f /f/ v /v/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|θ /θ/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|s /s/ z /z/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;| š /ʂ/ ž /ʐ/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|j /ʝ/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|h /x/ g /ɣ/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center; &quot;|Fricative<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|w /ʋ/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|ĵ /j/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center; &quot;|Approximant<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|r /r/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center; &quot;|Trill<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|l /l/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center; &quot;|Lateral<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ====Vowels====<br /> The stress is movable, but it tends to the first syllable of the word's root.<br /> {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;1&quot; cellspacing=&quot;1&quot; class=&quot;bluetable lightbluebg&quot;<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 90px; text-align: center; &quot;|Front<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 90px; text-align: center; &quot;|Near-front<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 90px; text-align: center; &quot;|Central<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 90px; text-align: center; &quot;|Near-back<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 90px; text-align: center; &quot;|Back<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 90px; &quot;|<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|ï /i/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|y /ɨ/ ü /ʉ/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|u /u/<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center; &quot;|Close<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|i /ɪ/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|ě /ɪ̈/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|ô /ʊ/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center; &quot;|Near-close<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|ë /e/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|e /ɘ/ ö /ɵ/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|o /o/<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center; &quot;|Close-mid<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|ů /ə/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center; &quot;|Mid<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|å /ʌ/<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center; &quot;|Open-mid<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|ä /æ/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center; &quot;|Near-open<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|a /a/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center; &quot;|Open<br /> |}<br /> <br /> Vowels distinguish on long and short ones. In writing the long vowel is determinated by the akut on the letter ov the vowel. Vowels ''a'', ''e'', ''o'' and ''u'' can be long and short, other can be only short.<br /> <br /> ==Grammar==<br /> <br /> ===Articles===<br /> <br /> There are three determinative articles: ''ůt/to/ta/te'', ''ův/vo/va/ve'' and ''ůn/no/na/ne''.<br /> Articles are required when it's necessary to clear the object spoken about. The difference between the three articles is in position of the object. The ''ůt'' article is used when we can not see the object. The ''ůn'' article is used when we can see the object, but it is far from us. The ''ův'' article is used when we can see the object and it is close to us.<br /> <br /> ===Nouns===<br /> <br /> There are three numbers and 9 cases in Novoslovnica. Also there are three genders - masculine, feminine and neutral.<br /> <br /> :''dom'' - masculine<br /> :''voda'' - feminine<br /> :''slonco'' - neutral<br /> <br /> There are 3 paradigms, which determines practically how the very word changes in cases.<br /> <br /> {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;1&quot; cellspacing=&quot;1&quot; class=&quot;bluetable lightbluebg&quot;<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 90px; &quot;|<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 90px; text-align: center; &quot;|1A<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 90px; text-align: center; &quot;|1B<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 90px; text-align: center; &quot;|2A<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 90px; text-align: center; &quot;|2B<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 90px; text-align: center; &quot;|3A<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 90px; text-align: center; &quot;|3B<br /> |-<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Nominative<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Voda<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Dädä<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Dųb<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Slonco<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Dver'<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Vremę<br /> |-<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Genitive<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Vody<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Dädï<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Dųba<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Slonca<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Dverï<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Vremenï<br /> |-<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Partitive<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Vody<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Dädï<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Dųbu<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Sloncu<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Dverï<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Vremenï<br /> |-<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Accusative<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Vodu<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Dädü<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Dųb<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Slonco<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Dver'<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Vremę<br /> |-<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Dative<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Vodě<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Dädě<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Dųbu<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Sloncu<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Dverï<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Vremenï<br /> |-<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Instrumentative<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Vodoĵ<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Dädëĵ<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Dųbom<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|SLoncom<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Dveriü<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Vremenëm<br /> |-<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Prepositive<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|O vodě<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|O dädě<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|O dųbě<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|O sloncě<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|O dverě<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|O vremeně<br /> |-<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Locative<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|V vodji<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Dädji<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|V dųbu<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|V sloncu<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Dverji<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Vo vremenji<br /> |-<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Vocative<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Vodo<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Dädö<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Dųbe<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Slonce<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Dverï<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Vremų<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===Adjectives===<br /> <br /> Adjectives always precede the noun they're related to.<br /> <br /> There are full and brief adjectives.<br /> <br /> {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;1&quot; cellspacing=&quot;1&quot; class=&quot;bluetable lightbluebg&quot;<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 90px; &quot;|<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 90px; text-align: center; &quot;|masc, firm<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 90px; text-align: center; &quot;|masc, soft<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 90px; text-align: center; &quot;|fem, firm<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 90px; text-align: center; &quot;|fem,soft<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 90px; text-align: center; &quot;|neu, firm<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 90px; text-align: center; &quot;|neu, soft<br /> |-<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Nominative<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Krasnyĵ<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> |-<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Genitive<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Krasnoga<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> |-<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Partitive<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Krasnogu<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> |-<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Accusative<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Krasnogo<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> |-<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Dative<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Krasnomu<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> |-<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Instrumentative<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Krasnym<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> |-<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Prepositive<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|O Krasnom<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> |-<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Locative<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|V Krasnomu<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> |-<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Vocative<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Krasnyĵ<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===Adverbs===<br /> <br /> Adverbs may be identified by adding ''-e'' to an stem of the adjective.<br /> :''jasno'' (clear) → ''jasne'' (clearly)<br /> <br /> ===Pronouns===<br /> <br /> ====Personal pronouns====<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Novbasa !! English<br /> |-<br /> | ''Ja'' || I<br /> |-<br /> | ''ty'' || you<br /> |-<br /> | ''On''/''Ona''/''Ono'' || he/she/it<br /> |-<br /> | ''Ma'' || we two<br /> |-<br /> | ''Va'' || you two<br /> |-<br /> | ''Ona'' || they two<br /> |-<br /> | ''My'' || we<br /> |-<br /> | ''Vy'' || you<br /> |-<br /> | ''Oni'' || they<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ====Possessive pronouns====<br /> <br /> Possessive pronouns change in cases quite as adjectives.<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Novbasa !! English<br /> |-<br /> | ''môǐ'' || I, mine<br /> |-<br /> | ''tvôǐ'' || your, yours<br /> |-<br /> | ''jegôǐ''/''jejôǐ'' || his/her, his/hers<br /> |-<br /> | ''naš'' || our, ours<br /> |-<br /> | ''vaš'' || your, yours<br /> |-<br /> | ''Ihniǐ'' || their, theirs<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ====Interrogative pronouns====<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Novbasa !! English<br /> |-<br /> | ''kto'' || who<br /> |-<br /> | ''čto'' || what<br /> |-<br /> | ''dy'' || when<br /> |-<br /> | ''de'' || where<br /> |-<br /> | ''kak'' || how<br /> |-<br /> | ''začto'' || why<br /> |-<br /> | ''kolïko'' || how much<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===Verbs===<br /> <br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Tense !! Novbasa !! English<br /> |-<br /> | Infinitive || ''strojati'' || to build<br /> |-<br /> | Present || ''ja strojam'' || I build<br /> |-<br /> | Present perfect || ''ja sům strojal'' || I have built<br /> |-<br /> | Past || ''Ja strojah'' || I built<br /> |-<br /> | Past perfect || ''Ja byh strojal'' || I had built<br /> |-<br /> | Future || ''Ja hte strojam'' || I will build<br /> |-<br /> | Near future || ''Ja budu strojati'' || I am going to build<br /> |-<br /> | Conditional || ''Ja bih strojal'' || I would build<br /> |-<br /> | Imperative || ''Stroj(aĵ)!'' || build!<br /> |-<br /> | Present Participle || ''Strojačiǐ'' || building<br /> |-<br /> | Past Participle || ''Strojan'' || built<br /> |}<br /> <br /> There are 4 different types of conjuction. Their conjuction depends on what vowels is on the end of the verb's stem. These vowels are: ''a'', ''e'', ''i'', ''u''.<br /> <br /> The reflexive is formed by putting ''sę'' before the verb.<br /> <br /> The passive is formed by dealing with the verb ''byti'' and past participle of the verb.<br /> <br /> ====Byti====<br /> <br /> ''Byti'' (&quot;to be&quot;) is one of irregular verbs.<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Tense !! Novbasa !! English<br /> |-<br /> | Infinitive || ''Byti'' || to be<br /> |-<br /> | Present || ''Ja sům'' || I am<br /> |-<br /> | Present perfect || ''Ja sům byl'' || I have been<br /> |-<br /> | Past || ''Ja byh'' || I was<br /> |-<br /> | Past pefect || ''Ja byh byl'' || I had been<br /> |-<br /> | Future || ''Ja hte sům'' || I will be<br /> |-<br /> | Near future || ''Ja budu'' || I am going to be<br /> |-<br /> | Conditional || ''Ja byh byl'' || I would be<br /> |-<br /> | Imperative || ''Bud'! '' || be!<br /> |-<br /> | Present Participle || ''Sųštyǐ'' || being<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===Numerals===<br /> <br /> ====Сardinal====<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Number !! Cardinal !! Number !! Cardinal<br /> |-<br /> | 0 || ''nôl' '' || 11 || ''jedennaǐčě''<br /> |-<br /> | 1 || ''jeden'' || 20 || ''dvaǐčě''<br /> |-<br /> | 2 || ''dva'' || 21 || ''dvaǐčě i jeden''<br /> |-<br /> | 3 || ''tri'' || 30 || ''triǐčě''<br /> |-<br /> | 4 || ''četyri'' || 40 || ''četyridesęt''<br /> |-<br /> | 5 || ''pęt '' || 50 || ''pętdesęt''<br /> |-<br /> | 6 || ''šest'' || 100 || ''sto''<br /> |-<br /> | 7 || ''sedem'' || 200 || ''dvěstě''<br /> |-<br /> | 8 || ''osem'' || 237 || ''dvěstě triǐčě sedem''<br /> |-<br /> | 9 || ''devęt'' || 1000 || ''tysęča''<br /> |-<br /> | 10 || ''desęt'' || 2000 || ''dvě tysęčy''<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ====Ordinal====<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Number !! Cardinal !! Number !! Cardinal<br /> |-<br /> | 0 || ''nôlövyǐ'' || 11 || ''jedennaǐčětyǐ''<br /> |-<br /> | 1 || ''půrvyǐ'' || 20 || ''dvaǐčětyǐ''<br /> |-<br /> | 2 || ''vtoryǐ'' || 21 || ''dvaǐčě půrvyǐ''<br /> |-<br /> | 3 || ''tretïǐ'' || 30 || ''triĵčětyǐ''<br /> |-<br /> | 4 || ''četvůrtyǐ'' || 40 || ''četyriǐčětyǐ''<br /> |-<br /> | 5 || ''pętyǐ'' || 50 || ''pętdesętyǐ''<br /> |-<br /> | 6 || ''šestyǐ'' || 100 || ''stotyǐ''<br /> |-<br /> | 7 || ''sedmyǐ'' || 200 || ''dvôhstotyǐ''<br /> |-<br /> | 8 || ''osmyǐ'' || 237 || ''dvěstě triǐčě sedmyǐ''<br /> |-<br /> | 9 || ''devętyǐ'' || 1000 || ''tysęčnyǐ''<br /> |-<br /> | 10 || ''desętyǐ'' || 2000 || ''dvôhtysęčnyǐ''<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==Lexicon==<br /> <br /> Lexicon is made up from all slavonic languages. Now the vocabulary of Novoslovnica is about 2,5 thousand words and is developing.<br /> <br /> ==Translations==<br /> <br /> ===Sample translations===<br /> <br /> English - ''All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood.''&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;<br /> Latin version - ''Vsě lüdskï sųštestvy su rođany svobodnymi i råvnymi v dostoĵnostï i pravah. Oni su obdareny råzumom i sověstïü i musüt postųpati jeden do drugoga v duhu bratstva.''&lt;br/&gt;<br /> Cyrrilic version - ''Всѣ людскi сѫществы су роџаны свободными и рåвными в достойностi и правах. Они су обдарены рåзумом и совѣстiю и мусют постѫпати jеден до другога в духу братства.''<br /> &lt;br/&gt;<br /> &lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;<br /> English - ''Language is the human ability to acquire and use complex systems of communication, and a language is any specific example of such a system. The scientific study of language is called linguistics. Estimates of the number of languages in the world vary between 5,000 and 7,000. However, any precise estimate depends on a partly arbitrary distinction between languages and dialects.'' &lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;<br /> Latin version - ''Jazyk je lüdsko uměnïë zjiskati i korystovati složny uklady občövanä, i jazyk je vsęk konkreten priklad ovoï uklady. Naučno izučene jazykov sę zova linĝvistikoǐ. Ocěna ličovstva jazykov sę měnäje među pętïü i sedemïü tysęčami. Jednak, vsęky ocěny zavïsut od častične sámovôľnoga råzličenä jazykov i dïalektov.''&lt;br/&gt;<br /> Cyrrilic version - ''Jазык jе людско умѣнiє зjискати и корыстовати сложны уклады обчёваня, и jазык jе всѧк конкретен приклад овоï уклады. Научно изучене jазыков сѧ зова линґвистикой. Оцѣна личовства jазыков сѧ мѣняjе меџу пѣтiю и седемiю тысѧчами. Jеднак, всѧкы оцѣны завiсут од частичне сáмовôльнога рåзличеня jазыков и дiалектов.''<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> <br /> * [http://cals.conlang.org/language/novoslovnica/] Novoslovnica in CALS<br /> * [http://nowoslownica.org] The official page of the language<br /> * [http://conworkshop.com/view_language.php?l=NSL] The page on ConWorkShop<br /> * [http://nsl.nowoslownica.org] The wiki in Novoslovnica<br /> * [http://elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=23512407] The article about Novoslovnica in eLibrari<br /> <br /> <br /> [[Category:Languages]]<br /> [[Category:Conlangs]]<br /> [[Category:Slavic languages]]</div>

Eakarpov https://linguifex.com/w/index.php?title=Novoslovnica&diff=37782 2015-07-31T16:35:04Z

<p>Eakarpov: /* Sample translations */</p> <hr /> <div>{{Infobox language<br /> |name = Novoslovnica<br /> |nativename = Новословница<br /> |pronunciation = [novo'slovnica]<br /> |speakers = <br /> |date = <br /> |familycolor = Indo-European<br /> |fam1 = [[w:Conlang|Conlang]]<br /> |creator = [[User:eakarpov|Yegor Karpov]]<br /> |created = 2014<br /> |setting = <br /> |posteriori = <br /> |script = [[w:Cyrillic script|Cyrillic]], [[w:Latin script|Latin]]<br /> |image = <br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''Novoslovnica''' is a [[constructed language]] created by Yegor Karpov in 2014. Its name is composed by the words ''nov'' (&quot;new&quot;) and ''slovo'' (&quot;word&quot;). Its main features are lexical purism, wealthy phonology and logical stucture.<br /> <br /> Novoslovnica collaborates within the interslavic community, bearing the aim of constructing the ideal language, that Slavs could use in international communication.<br /> <br /> ==Phonology and orthography==<br /> <br /> ===Alphabet===<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> ! Latin<br /> |align=center| a/ä/á<br /> |align=center| å<br /> |align=center| b<br /> |align=center| c<br /> |align=center| č<br /> |align=center| d<br /> |align=center| đ<br /> |align=center| e/ë/é<br /> |align=center| ę<br /> |align=center| ě<br /> |align=center| f<br /> |align=center| g<br /> |align=center| ĝ<br /> |align=center| h<br /> |align=center| i/ï/ĩ <br /> |align=center| j<br /> |align=center| ĵ<br /> |align=center| k<br /> |align=center| l<br /> |align=center| m<br /> |align=center| n<br /> |align=center| o/ö/ó<br /> |align=center| ô<br /> |align=center| p<br /> |align=center| r<br /> |align=center| ř<br /> |align=center| s<br /> |align=center| ŝ<br /> |align=center| š<br /> |align=center| t<br /> |align=center| u/ü/ú<br /> |align=center| ų<br /> |align=center| ů<br /> |align=center| v<br /> |align=center| w<br /> |align=center| x<br /> |align=center| y<br /> |align=center| z<br /> |align=center| ž<br /> |-<br /> ! Cyrillic<br /> |align=center| а/я/á<br /> |align=center| å<br /> |align=center| б<br /> |align=center| ц<br /> |align=center| ч<br /> |align=center| д<br /> |align=center| џ<br /> |align=center| е/є/э<br /> |align=center| ѧ<br /> |align=center| ѣ<br /> |align=center| ф<br /> |align=center| г<br /> |align=center| ґ<br /> |align=center| х<br /> |align=center| и/i/ï<br /> |align=center| j<br /> |align=center| й<br /> |align=center| к<br /> |align=center| л<br /> |align=center| м<br /> |align=center| н<br /> |align=center| о/ё/ó<br /> |align=center| ô<br /> |align=center| п<br /> |align=center| р<br /> |align=center| ҏ<br /> |align=center| с<br /> |align=center| s<br /> |align=center| ш<br /> |align=center| т<br /> |align=center| у/ю/ӯ<br /> |align=center| ų<br /> |align=center| ъ<br /> |align=center| в<br /> |align=center| ў<br /> |align=center| ќ<br /> |align=center| ы<br /> |align=center| з<br /> |align=center| ж<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===Pronunciation===<br /> <br /> Every letter is pronounced in the only way, so it is easy to start reading Novoslovnica after learning the alphabet and the phonology of the language.<br /> <br /> ====Consonants====<br /> {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;1&quot; cellspacing=&quot;1&quot; class=&quot;bluetable lightbluebg&quot;<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 66px; text-align: center; &quot;|Bilabial<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 66px; text-align: center; &quot;|Labio-dental<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 66px; text-align: center; &quot;|Dental<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 66px; text-align: center; &quot;|Alveolar<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 66px; text-align: center; &quot;|Post-alveolar<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 66px; text-align: center; &quot;|Palatal<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 66px; text-align: center; &quot;|Labio-velar<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 66px; text-align: center; &quot;|Velar<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 66px; text-align: center; &quot;|Glottal<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 66px; &quot;|<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|m /m/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|n /n/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center; &quot;|Nasal<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|p /p/ b /b/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|t /t/ d /d/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|k /k/ ĝ /g/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center; &quot;|Plosive<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|f /f/ v /v/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|θ /θ/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|s /s/ z /z/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;| š /ʂ/ ž /ʐ/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|j /ʝ/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|h /x/ g /ɣ/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center; &quot;|Fricative<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|w /ʋ/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|ĵ /j/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center; &quot;|Approximant<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|r /r/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center; &quot;|Trill<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|l /l/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center; &quot;|Lateral<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ====Vowels====<br /> The stress is movable, but it tends to the first syllable of the word's root.<br /> {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;1&quot; cellspacing=&quot;1&quot; class=&quot;bluetable lightbluebg&quot;<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 90px; text-align: center; &quot;|Front<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 90px; text-align: center; &quot;|Near-front<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 90px; text-align: center; &quot;|Central<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 90px; text-align: center; &quot;|Near-back<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 90px; text-align: center; &quot;|Back<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 90px; &quot;|<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|ï /i/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|y /ɨ/ ü /ʉ/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|u /u/<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center; &quot;|Close<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|i /ɪ/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|ě /ɪ̈/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|ô /ʊ/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center; &quot;|Near-close<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|ë /e/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|e /ɘ/ ö /ɵ/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|o /o/<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center; &quot;|Close-mid<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|ů /ə/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center; &quot;|Mid<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|å /ʌ/<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center; &quot;|Open-mid<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|ä /æ/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center; &quot;|Near-open<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|a /a/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center; &quot;|Open<br /> |}<br /> <br /> Vowels distinguish on long and short ones. In writing the long vowel is determinated by the akut on the letter ov the vowel. Vowels ''a'', ''e'', ''o'' and ''u'' can be long and short, other can be only short.<br /> <br /> ==Grammar==<br /> <br /> ===Articles===<br /> <br /> There are three determinative articles: ''ůt/to/ta/te'', ''ův/vo/va/ve'' and ''ůn/no/na/ne''.<br /> Articles are required when it's necessary to clear the object spoken about. The difference between the three articles is in position of the object. The ''ůt'' article is used when we can not see the object. The ''ůn'' article is used when we can see the object, but it is far from us. The ''ův'' article is used when we can see the object and it is close to us.<br /> <br /> ===Nouns===<br /> <br /> There are three numbers and 9 cases in Novoslovnica. Also there are three genders - masculine, feminine and neutral.<br /> <br /> :''dom'' - masculine<br /> :''voda'' - feminine<br /> :''slonco'' - neutral<br /> <br /> There are 3 paradigms, which determines practically how the very word changes in cases.<br /> <br /> {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;1&quot; cellspacing=&quot;1&quot; class=&quot;bluetable lightbluebg&quot;<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 90px; &quot;|<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 90px; text-align: center; &quot;|1A<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 90px; text-align: center; &quot;|1B<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 90px; text-align: center; &quot;|2A<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 90px; text-align: center; &quot;|2B<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 90px; text-align: center; &quot;|3A<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 90px; text-align: center; &quot;|3B<br /> |-<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Nominative<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Voda<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Dädä<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Dųb<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Slonco<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Dver'<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Vremę<br /> |-<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Genitive<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Vody<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Dädï<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Dųba<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Slonca<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Dverï<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Vremenï<br /> |-<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Partitive<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Vody<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Dädï<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Dųbu<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Sloncu<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Dverï<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Vremenï<br /> |-<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Accusative<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Vodu<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Dädü<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Dųb<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Slonco<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Dver'<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Vremę<br /> |-<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Dative<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Vodě<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Dädě<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Dųbu<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Sloncu<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Dverï<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Vremenï<br /> |-<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Instrumentative<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Vodoĵ<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Dädëĵ<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Dųbom<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|SLoncom<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Dveriü<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Vremenëm<br /> |-<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Prepositive<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|O vodě<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|O dädě<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|O dųbě<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|O sloncě<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|O dverě<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|O vremeně<br /> |-<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Locative<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|V vodji<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Dädji<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|V dųbu<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|V sloncu<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Dverji<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Vo vremenji<br /> |-<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Vocative<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Vodo<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Dädö<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Dųbe<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Slonce<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Dverï<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Vremų<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===Adjectives===<br /> <br /> Adjectives always precede the noun they're related to.<br /> <br /> There are full and brief adjectives.<br /> <br /> {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;1&quot; cellspacing=&quot;1&quot; class=&quot;bluetable lightbluebg&quot;<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 90px; &quot;|<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 90px; text-align: center; &quot;|masc, firm<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 90px; text-align: center; &quot;|masc, soft<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 90px; text-align: center; &quot;|fem, firm<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 90px; text-align: center; &quot;|fem,soft<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 90px; text-align: center; &quot;|neu, firm<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 90px; text-align: center; &quot;|neu, soft<br /> |-<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Nominative<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Krasnyĵ<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> |-<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Genitive<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Krasnoga<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> |-<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Partitive<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Krasnogu<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> |-<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Accusative<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Krasnogo<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> |-<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Dative<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Krasnomu<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> |-<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Instrumentative<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Krasnym<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> |-<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Prepositive<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|O Krasnom<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> |-<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Locative<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|V Krasnomu<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> |-<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Vocative<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Krasnyĵ<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===Adverbs===<br /> <br /> Adverbs may be identified by adding ''-e'' to an stem of the adjective.<br /> :''jasno'' (clear) → ''jasne'' (clearly)<br /> <br /> ===Pronouns===<br /> <br /> ====Personal pronouns====<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Novbasa !! English<br /> |-<br /> | ''Ja'' || I<br /> |-<br /> | ''ty'' || you<br /> |-<br /> | ''On''/''Ona''/''Ono'' || he/she/it<br /> |-<br /> | ''Ma'' || we two<br /> |-<br /> | ''Va'' || you two<br /> |-<br /> | ''Ona'' || they two<br /> |-<br /> | ''My'' || we<br /> |-<br /> | ''Vy'' || you<br /> |-<br /> | ''Oni'' || they<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ====Possessive pronouns====<br /> <br /> Possessive pronouns change in cases quite as adjectives.<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Novbasa !! English<br /> |-<br /> | ''môĵ'' || I, mine<br /> |-<br /> | ''tvôĵ'' || your, yours<br /> |-<br /> | ''jegôĵ''/''jejôĵ'' || his/her, his/hers<br /> |-<br /> | ''naš'' || our, ours<br /> |-<br /> | ''vaš'' || your, yours<br /> |-<br /> | ''Ihniĵ'' || their, theirs<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ====Interrogative pronouns====<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Novbasa !! English<br /> |-<br /> | ''kto'' || who<br /> |-<br /> | ''čto'' || what<br /> |-<br /> | ''dy'' || when<br /> |-<br /> | ''de'' || where<br /> |-<br /> | ''kak'' || how<br /> |-<br /> | ''začto'' || why<br /> |-<br /> | ''kolïko'' || how much<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===Verbs===<br /> <br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Tense !! Novbasa !! English<br /> |-<br /> | Infinitive || ''strojati'' || to build<br /> |-<br /> | Present || ''ja strojam'' || I build<br /> |-<br /> | Present perfect || ''ja sům strojal'' || I have built<br /> |-<br /> | Past || ''Ja strojah'' || I built<br /> |-<br /> | Past perfect || ''Ja byh strojal'' || I had built<br /> |-<br /> | Future || ''Ja hte strojam'' || I will build<br /> |-<br /> | Near future || ''Ja budu strojati'' || I am going to build<br /> |-<br /> | Conditional || ''Ja bih strojal'' || I would build<br /> |-<br /> | Imperative || ''Stroj(aĵ)!'' || build!<br /> |-<br /> | Present Participle || ''Strojačiĵ'' || building<br /> |-<br /> | Past Participle || ''Strojan'' || built<br /> |}<br /> <br /> There are 4 different types of conjuction. Their conjuction depends on what vowels is on the end of the verb's stem. These vowels are: ''a'', ''e'', ''i'', ''u''.<br /> <br /> The reflexive is formed by putting ''sę'' before the verb.<br /> <br /> The passive is formed by dealing with the verb ''byti'' and past participle of the verb.<br /> <br /> ====Byti====<br /> <br /> ''Byti'' (&quot;to be&quot;) is one of irregular verbs.<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Tense !! Novbasa !! English<br /> |-<br /> | Infinitive || ''Byti'' || to be<br /> |-<br /> | Present || ''Ja sům'' || I am<br /> |-<br /> | Present perfect || ''Ja sům byl'' || I have been<br /> |-<br /> | Past || ''Ja byh'' || I was<br /> |-<br /> | Past pefect || ''Ja byh byl'' || I had been<br /> |-<br /> | Future || ''Ja hte sům'' || I will be<br /> |-<br /> | Near future || ''Ja budu'' || I am going to be<br /> |-<br /> | Conditional || ''Ja byh byl'' || I would be<br /> |-<br /> | Imperative || ''Bud'! '' || be!<br /> |-<br /> | Present Participle || ''Sųštyĵ'' || being<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===Numerals===<br /> <br /> ====Сardinal====<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Number !! Cardinal !! Number !! Cardinal<br /> |-<br /> | 0 || ''nôl' '' || 11 || ''jedennaĵčě''<br /> |-<br /> | 1 || ''jeden'' || 20 || ''dvaĵčě''<br /> |-<br /> | 2 || ''dva'' || 21 || ''dvaĵčě i jeden''<br /> |-<br /> | 3 || ''tri'' || 30 || ''triĵčě''<br /> |-<br /> | 4 || ''četyri'' || 40 || ''četyridesět''<br /> |-<br /> | 5 || ''pět '' || 50 || ''pětdesět''<br /> |-<br /> | 6 || ''šest'' || 100 || ''sto''<br /> |-<br /> | 7 || ''sedem'' || 200 || ''dvěstě''<br /> |-<br /> | 8 || ''osem'' || 237 || ''dvěstě triĵčě sedem''<br /> |-<br /> | 9 || ''devět'' || 1000 || ''tysęča''<br /> |-<br /> | 10 || ''desět'' || 2000 || ''dvě tysęčy''<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ====Ordinal====<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Number !! Cardinal !! Number !! Cardinal<br /> |-<br /> | 0 || ''nôlövyĵ'' || 11 || ''jedennaĵčětyĵ''<br /> |-<br /> | 1 || ''půrvyĵ'' || 20 || ''dvaĵčětyĵ''<br /> |-<br /> | 2 || ''vtoryĵ'' || 21 || ''dvaĵčě půrvyĵ''<br /> |-<br /> | 3 || ''tretïĵ'' || 30 || ''triĵčětyĵ''<br /> |-<br /> | 4 || ''četvůrtyĵ'' || 40 || ''četyriĵčětyĵ''<br /> |-<br /> | 5 || ''pětyĵ'' || 50 || ''pětdesětyĵ''<br /> |-<br /> | 6 || ''šestyĵ'' || 100 || ''stotyĵ''<br /> |-<br /> | 7 || ''sedmyĵ'' || 200 || ''dvôhsůtyĵ''<br /> |-<br /> | 8 || ''osmyĵ'' || 237 || ''dvěstě triĵčě sedmyĵ''<br /> |-<br /> | 9 || ''devětyĵ'' || 1000 || ''tysęčnyĵ''<br /> |-<br /> | 10 || ''desětyĵ'' || 2000 || ''dvôhtysęčnyĵ''<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==Lexicon==<br /> <br /> Lexicon is made up from all slavonic languages. Now the vocabulary of Novoslovnica is about 2,5 thousand words and is developing.<br /> <br /> ==Translations==<br /> <br /> ===Sample translations===<br /> <br /> English - ''All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood.''&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;<br /> Latin version - ''Vsě lüdskï sųštestvy su rođany svobodnymi i råvnymi v dostoĵnostï i pravah. Oni su obdareny råzumom i sověstïü i musüt postųpati jeden do drugoga v duhu bratstva.''&lt;br/&gt;<br /> Cyrrilic version - ''Всѣ людскi сѫществы су роџаны свободными и рåвными в достойностi и правах. Они су обдарены рåзумом и совѣстiю и мусют постѫпати jеден до другога в духу братства.''<br /> &lt;br/&gt;<br /> &lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;<br /> English - ''Language is the human ability to acquire and use complex systems of communication, and a language is any specific example of such a system. The scientific study of language is called linguistics. Estimates of the number of languages in the world vary between 5,000 and 7,000. However, any precise estimate depends on a partly arbitrary distinction between languages and dialects.'' &lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;<br /> Latin version - ''Jazyk je lüdsko uměnïë zjiskati i korystovati složny uklady občövanä, i jazyk je vsęk konkreten priklad ovoï uklady. Naučno izučene jazykov sę zova linĝvistikoĵ. Ocěna ličovstva jazykov sę měnäje među pětïü i sedemïü tysęčami. Jednak, vsęky ocěny zavïsut od častične sámovôľnoga råzličenä jazykov i dïalektov.''&lt;br/&gt;<br /> Cyrrilic version - ''Jазык jе людско умѣнiє зjискати и корыстовати сложны уклады обчёваня, и jазык jе всѧк конкретен приклад овоï уклады. Научно изучене jазыков сѧ зова линґвистикой. Оцѣна личовства jазыков сѧ мѣняjе меџу пѣтiю и седемiю тысѧчами. Jеднак, всѧкы оцѣны завiсут од частичне сáмовôльнога рåзличеня jазыков и дiалектов.''<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> <br /> * [http://cals.conlang.org/language/novoslovnica/] Novoslovnica in CALS<br /> * [http://nowoslownica.org] The official page of the language<br /> * [http://conworkshop.com/view_language.php?l=NSL] The page on ConWorkShop<br /> * [http://nsl.nowoslownica.org] The wiki in Novoslovnica<br /> * [http://elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=23512407] The article about Novoslovnica in eLibrari<br /> <br /> <br /> [[Category:Languages]]<br /> [[Category:Conlangs]]<br /> [[Category:Slavic languages]]</div>

Eakarpov https://linguifex.com/w/index.php?title=Novoslovnica&diff=37781 2015-07-31T16:34:17Z

<p>Eakarpov: </p> <hr /> <div>{{Infobox language<br /> |name = Novoslovnica<br /> |nativename = Новословница<br /> |pronunciation = [novo'slovnica]<br /> |speakers = <br /> |date = <br /> |familycolor = Indo-European<br /> |fam1 = [[w:Conlang|Conlang]]<br /> |creator = [[User:eakarpov|Yegor Karpov]]<br /> |created = 2014<br /> |setting = <br /> |posteriori = <br /> |script = [[w:Cyrillic script|Cyrillic]], [[w:Latin script|Latin]]<br /> |image = <br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''Novoslovnica''' is a [[constructed language]] created by Yegor Karpov in 2014. Its name is composed by the words ''nov'' (&quot;new&quot;) and ''slovo'' (&quot;word&quot;). Its main features are lexical purism, wealthy phonology and logical stucture.<br /> <br /> Novoslovnica collaborates within the interslavic community, bearing the aim of constructing the ideal language, that Slavs could use in international communication.<br /> <br /> ==Phonology and orthography==<br /> <br /> ===Alphabet===<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> ! Latin<br /> |align=center| a/ä/á<br /> |align=center| å<br /> |align=center| b<br /> |align=center| c<br /> |align=center| č<br /> |align=center| d<br /> |align=center| đ<br /> |align=center| e/ë/é<br /> |align=center| ę<br /> |align=center| ě<br /> |align=center| f<br /> |align=center| g<br /> |align=center| ĝ<br /> |align=center| h<br /> |align=center| i/ï/ĩ <br /> |align=center| j<br /> |align=center| ĵ<br /> |align=center| k<br /> |align=center| l<br /> |align=center| m<br /> |align=center| n<br /> |align=center| o/ö/ó<br /> |align=center| ô<br /> |align=center| p<br /> |align=center| r<br /> |align=center| ř<br /> |align=center| s<br /> |align=center| ŝ<br /> |align=center| š<br /> |align=center| t<br /> |align=center| u/ü/ú<br /> |align=center| ų<br /> |align=center| ů<br /> |align=center| v<br /> |align=center| w<br /> |align=center| x<br /> |align=center| y<br /> |align=center| z<br /> |align=center| ž<br /> |-<br /> ! Cyrillic<br /> |align=center| а/я/á<br /> |align=center| å<br /> |align=center| б<br /> |align=center| ц<br /> |align=center| ч<br /> |align=center| д<br /> |align=center| џ<br /> |align=center| е/є/э<br /> |align=center| ѧ<br /> |align=center| ѣ<br /> |align=center| ф<br /> |align=center| г<br /> |align=center| ґ<br /> |align=center| х<br /> |align=center| и/i/ï<br /> |align=center| j<br /> |align=center| й<br /> |align=center| к<br /> |align=center| л<br /> |align=center| м<br /> |align=center| н<br /> |align=center| о/ё/ó<br /> |align=center| ô<br /> |align=center| п<br /> |align=center| р<br /> |align=center| ҏ<br /> |align=center| с<br /> |align=center| s<br /> |align=center| ш<br /> |align=center| т<br /> |align=center| у/ю/ӯ<br /> |align=center| ų<br /> |align=center| ъ<br /> |align=center| в<br /> |align=center| ў<br /> |align=center| ќ<br /> |align=center| ы<br /> |align=center| з<br /> |align=center| ж<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===Pronunciation===<br /> <br /> Every letter is pronounced in the only way, so it is easy to start reading Novoslovnica after learning the alphabet and the phonology of the language.<br /> <br /> ====Consonants====<br /> {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;1&quot; cellspacing=&quot;1&quot; class=&quot;bluetable lightbluebg&quot;<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 66px; text-align: center; &quot;|Bilabial<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 66px; text-align: center; &quot;|Labio-dental<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 66px; text-align: center; &quot;|Dental<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 66px; text-align: center; &quot;|Alveolar<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 66px; text-align: center; &quot;|Post-alveolar<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 66px; text-align: center; &quot;|Palatal<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 66px; text-align: center; &quot;|Labio-velar<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 66px; text-align: center; &quot;|Velar<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 66px; text-align: center; &quot;|Glottal<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 66px; &quot;|<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|m /m/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|n /n/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center; &quot;|Nasal<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|p /p/ b /b/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|t /t/ d /d/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|k /k/ ĝ /g/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center; &quot;|Plosive<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|f /f/ v /v/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|θ /θ/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|s /s/ z /z/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;| š /ʂ/ ž /ʐ/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|j /ʝ/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|h /x/ g /ɣ/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center; &quot;|Fricative<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|w /ʋ/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|ĵ /j/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center; &quot;|Approximant<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|r /r/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center; &quot;|Trill<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|l /l/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center; &quot;|Lateral<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ====Vowels====<br /> The stress is movable, but it tends to the first syllable of the word's root.<br /> {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;1&quot; cellspacing=&quot;1&quot; class=&quot;bluetable lightbluebg&quot;<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 90px; text-align: center; &quot;|Front<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 90px; text-align: center; &quot;|Near-front<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 90px; text-align: center; &quot;|Central<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 90px; text-align: center; &quot;|Near-back<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 90px; text-align: center; &quot;|Back<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 90px; &quot;|<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|ï /i/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|y /ɨ/ ü /ʉ/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|u /u/<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center; &quot;|Close<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|i /ɪ/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|ě /ɪ̈/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|ô /ʊ/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center; &quot;|Near-close<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|ë /e/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|e /ɘ/ ö /ɵ/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|o /o/<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center; &quot;|Close-mid<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|ů /ə/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center; &quot;|Mid<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|å /ʌ/<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center; &quot;|Open-mid<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|ä /æ/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center; &quot;|Near-open<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|a /a/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center; &quot;|Open<br /> |}<br /> <br /> Vowels distinguish on long and short ones. In writing the long vowel is determinated by the akut on the letter ov the vowel. Vowels ''a'', ''e'', ''o'' and ''u'' can be long and short, other can be only short.<br /> <br /> ==Grammar==<br /> <br /> ===Articles===<br /> <br /> There are three determinative articles: ''ůt/to/ta/te'', ''ův/vo/va/ve'' and ''ůn/no/na/ne''.<br /> Articles are required when it's necessary to clear the object spoken about. The difference between the three articles is in position of the object. The ''ůt'' article is used when we can not see the object. The ''ůn'' article is used when we can see the object, but it is far from us. The ''ův'' article is used when we can see the object and it is close to us.<br /> <br /> ===Nouns===<br /> <br /> There are three numbers and 9 cases in Novoslovnica. Also there are three genders - masculine, feminine and neutral.<br /> <br /> :''dom'' - masculine<br /> :''voda'' - feminine<br /> :''slonco'' - neutral<br /> <br /> There are 3 paradigms, which determines practically how the very word changes in cases.<br /> <br /> {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;1&quot; cellspacing=&quot;1&quot; class=&quot;bluetable lightbluebg&quot;<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 90px; &quot;|<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 90px; text-align: center; &quot;|1A<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 90px; text-align: center; &quot;|1B<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 90px; text-align: center; &quot;|2A<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 90px; text-align: center; &quot;|2B<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 90px; text-align: center; &quot;|3A<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 90px; text-align: center; &quot;|3B<br /> |-<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Nominative<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Voda<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Dädä<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Dųb<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Slonco<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Dver'<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Vremę<br /> |-<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Genitive<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Vody<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Dädï<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Dųba<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Slonca<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Dverï<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Vremenï<br /> |-<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Partitive<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Vody<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Dädï<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Dųbu<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Sloncu<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Dverï<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Vremenï<br /> |-<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Accusative<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Vodu<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Dädü<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Dųb<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Slonco<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Dver'<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Vremę<br /> |-<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Dative<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Vodě<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Dädě<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Dųbu<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Sloncu<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Dverï<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Vremenï<br /> |-<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Instrumentative<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Vodoĵ<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Dädëĵ<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Dųbom<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|SLoncom<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Dveriü<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Vremenëm<br /> |-<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Prepositive<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|O vodě<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|O dädě<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|O dųbě<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|O sloncě<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|O dverě<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|O vremeně<br /> |-<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Locative<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|V vodji<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Dädji<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|V dųbu<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|V sloncu<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Dverji<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Vo vremenji<br /> |-<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Vocative<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Vodo<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Dädö<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Dųbe<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Slonce<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Dverï<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Vremų<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===Adjectives===<br /> <br /> Adjectives always precede the noun they're related to.<br /> <br /> There are full and brief adjectives.<br /> <br /> {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;1&quot; cellspacing=&quot;1&quot; class=&quot;bluetable lightbluebg&quot;<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 90px; &quot;|<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 90px; text-align: center; &quot;|masc, firm<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 90px; text-align: center; &quot;|masc, soft<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 90px; text-align: center; &quot;|fem, firm<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 90px; text-align: center; &quot;|fem,soft<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 90px; text-align: center; &quot;|neu, firm<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 90px; text-align: center; &quot;|neu, soft<br /> |-<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Nominative<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Krasnyĵ<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> |-<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Genitive<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Krasnoga<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> |-<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Partitive<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Krasnogu<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> |-<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Accusative<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Krasnogo<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> |-<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Dative<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Krasnomu<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> |-<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Instrumentative<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Krasnym<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> |-<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Prepositive<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|O Krasnom<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> |-<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Locative<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|V Krasnomu<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> |-<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Vocative<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Krasnyĵ<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===Adverbs===<br /> <br /> Adverbs may be identified by adding ''-e'' to an stem of the adjective.<br /> :''jasno'' (clear) → ''jasne'' (clearly)<br /> <br /> ===Pronouns===<br /> <br /> ====Personal pronouns====<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Novbasa !! English<br /> |-<br /> | ''Ja'' || I<br /> |-<br /> | ''ty'' || you<br /> |-<br /> | ''On''/''Ona''/''Ono'' || he/she/it<br /> |-<br /> | ''Ma'' || we two<br /> |-<br /> | ''Va'' || you two<br /> |-<br /> | ''Ona'' || they two<br /> |-<br /> | ''My'' || we<br /> |-<br /> | ''Vy'' || you<br /> |-<br /> | ''Oni'' || they<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ====Possessive pronouns====<br /> <br /> Possessive pronouns change in cases quite as adjectives.<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Novbasa !! English<br /> |-<br /> | ''môĵ'' || I, mine<br /> |-<br /> | ''tvôĵ'' || your, yours<br /> |-<br /> | ''jegôĵ''/''jejôĵ'' || his/her, his/hers<br /> |-<br /> | ''naš'' || our, ours<br /> |-<br /> | ''vaš'' || your, yours<br /> |-<br /> | ''Ihniĵ'' || their, theirs<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ====Interrogative pronouns====<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Novbasa !! English<br /> |-<br /> | ''kto'' || who<br /> |-<br /> | ''čto'' || what<br /> |-<br /> | ''dy'' || when<br /> |-<br /> | ''de'' || where<br /> |-<br /> | ''kak'' || how<br /> |-<br /> | ''začto'' || why<br /> |-<br /> | ''kolïko'' || how much<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===Verbs===<br /> <br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Tense !! Novbasa !! English<br /> |-<br /> | Infinitive || ''strojati'' || to build<br /> |-<br /> | Present || ''ja strojam'' || I build<br /> |-<br /> | Present perfect || ''ja sům strojal'' || I have built<br /> |-<br /> | Past || ''Ja strojah'' || I built<br /> |-<br /> | Past perfect || ''Ja byh strojal'' || I had built<br /> |-<br /> | Future || ''Ja hte strojam'' || I will build<br /> |-<br /> | Near future || ''Ja budu strojati'' || I am going to build<br /> |-<br /> | Conditional || ''Ja bih strojal'' || I would build<br /> |-<br /> | Imperative || ''Stroj(aĵ)!'' || build!<br /> |-<br /> | Present Participle || ''Strojačiĵ'' || building<br /> |-<br /> | Past Participle || ''Strojan'' || built<br /> |}<br /> <br /> There are 4 different types of conjuction. Their conjuction depends on what vowels is on the end of the verb's stem. These vowels are: ''a'', ''e'', ''i'', ''u''.<br /> <br /> The reflexive is formed by putting ''sę'' before the verb.<br /> <br /> The passive is formed by dealing with the verb ''byti'' and past participle of the verb.<br /> <br /> ====Byti====<br /> <br /> ''Byti'' (&quot;to be&quot;) is one of irregular verbs.<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Tense !! Novbasa !! English<br /> |-<br /> | Infinitive || ''Byti'' || to be<br /> |-<br /> | Present || ''Ja sům'' || I am<br /> |-<br /> | Present perfect || ''Ja sům byl'' || I have been<br /> |-<br /> | Past || ''Ja byh'' || I was<br /> |-<br /> | Past pefect || ''Ja byh byl'' || I had been<br /> |-<br /> | Future || ''Ja hte sům'' || I will be<br /> |-<br /> | Near future || ''Ja budu'' || I am going to be<br /> |-<br /> | Conditional || ''Ja byh byl'' || I would be<br /> |-<br /> | Imperative || ''Bud'! '' || be!<br /> |-<br /> | Present Participle || ''Sųštyĵ'' || being<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===Numerals===<br /> <br /> ====Сardinal====<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Number !! Cardinal !! Number !! Cardinal<br /> |-<br /> | 0 || ''nôl' '' || 11 || ''jedennaĵčě''<br /> |-<br /> | 1 || ''jeden'' || 20 || ''dvaĵčě''<br /> |-<br /> | 2 || ''dva'' || 21 || ''dvaĵčě i jeden''<br /> |-<br /> | 3 || ''tri'' || 30 || ''triĵčě''<br /> |-<br /> | 4 || ''četyri'' || 40 || ''četyridesět''<br /> |-<br /> | 5 || ''pět '' || 50 || ''pětdesět''<br /> |-<br /> | 6 || ''šest'' || 100 || ''sto''<br /> |-<br /> | 7 || ''sedem'' || 200 || ''dvěstě''<br /> |-<br /> | 8 || ''osem'' || 237 || ''dvěstě triĵčě sedem''<br /> |-<br /> | 9 || ''devět'' || 1000 || ''tysęča''<br /> |-<br /> | 10 || ''desět'' || 2000 || ''dvě tysęčy''<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ====Ordinal====<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Number !! Cardinal !! Number !! Cardinal<br /> |-<br /> | 0 || ''nôlövyĵ'' || 11 || ''jedennaĵčětyĵ''<br /> |-<br /> | 1 || ''půrvyĵ'' || 20 || ''dvaĵčětyĵ''<br /> |-<br /> | 2 || ''vtoryĵ'' || 21 || ''dvaĵčě půrvyĵ''<br /> |-<br /> | 3 || ''tretïĵ'' || 30 || ''triĵčětyĵ''<br /> |-<br /> | 4 || ''četvůrtyĵ'' || 40 || ''četyriĵčětyĵ''<br /> |-<br /> | 5 || ''pětyĵ'' || 50 || ''pětdesětyĵ''<br /> |-<br /> | 6 || ''šestyĵ'' || 100 || ''stotyĵ''<br /> |-<br /> | 7 || ''sedmyĵ'' || 200 || ''dvôhsůtyĵ''<br /> |-<br /> | 8 || ''osmyĵ'' || 237 || ''dvěstě triĵčě sedmyĵ''<br /> |-<br /> | 9 || ''devětyĵ'' || 1000 || ''tysęčnyĵ''<br /> |-<br /> | 10 || ''desětyĵ'' || 2000 || ''dvôhtysęčnyĵ''<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==Lexicon==<br /> <br /> Lexicon is made up from all slavonic languages. Now the vocabulary of Novoslovnica is about 2,5 thousand words and is developing.<br /> <br /> ==Translations==<br /> <br /> ===Sample translations===<br /> <br /> English - ''All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood.''&lt;br/&gt;<br /> Latin version - ''Vsě lüdskï sųštestvy su rođany svobodnymi i råvnymi v dostoĵnostï i pravah. Oni su obdareny råzumom i sověstïü i musüt postųpati jeden do drugoga v duhu bratstva.''<br /> Cyrrilic version - ''Всѣ людскi сѫществы су роџаны свободными и рåвными в достойностi и правах. Они су обдарены рåзумом и совѣстiю и мусют постѫпати jеден до другога в духу братства.''<br /> &lt;br/&gt;<br /> <br /> English - ''Language is the human ability to acquire and use complex systems of communication, and a language is any specific example of such a system. The scientific study of language is called linguistics. Estimates of the number of languages in the world vary between 5,000 and 7,000. However, any precise estimate depends on a partly arbitrary distinction between languages and dialects.'' &lt;br/&gt;<br /> Latin version - ''Jazyk je lüdsko uměnïë zjiskati i korystovati složny uklady občövanä, i jazyk je vsęk konkreten priklad ovoï uklady. Naučno izučene jazykov sę zova linĝvistikoĵ. Ocěna ličovstva jazykov sę měnäje među pětïü i sedemïü tysęčami. Jednak, vsęky ocěny zavïsut od častične sámovôľnoga råzličenä jazykov i dïalektov.''<br /> Cyrrilic version - ''Jазык jе людско умѣнiє зjискати и корыстовати сложны уклады обчёваня, и jазык jе всѧк конкретен приклад овоï уклады. Научно изучене jазыков сѧ зова линґвистикой. Оцѣна личовства jазыков сѧ мѣняjе меџу пѣтiю и седемiю тысѧчами. Jеднак, всѧкы оцѣны завiсут од частичне сáмовôльнога рåзличеня jазыков и дiалектов.''<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> <br /> * [http://cals.conlang.org/language/novoslovnica/] Novoslovnica in CALS<br /> * [http://nowoslownica.org] The official page of the language<br /> * [http://conworkshop.com/view_language.php?l=NSL] The page on ConWorkShop<br /> * [http://nsl.nowoslownica.org] The wiki in Novoslovnica<br /> * [http://elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=23512407] The article about Novoslovnica in eLibrari<br /> <br /> <br /> [[Category:Languages]]<br /> [[Category:Conlangs]]<br /> [[Category:Slavic languages]]</div>

Eakarpov https://linguifex.com/w/index.php?title=Novoslovnica&diff=37780 2015-07-31T16:11:49Z

<p>Eakarpov: /* Consonants */</p> <hr /> <div>{{Infobox language<br /> |name = Novoslovnica<br /> |nativename = Новословница<br /> |pronunciation = [novo'slovnica]<br /> |speakers = <br /> |date = <br /> |familycolor = Indo-European<br /> |fam1 = [[w:Conlang|Conlang]]<br /> |creator = [[User:eakarpov|Yegor Karpov]]<br /> |created = 2014<br /> |setting = <br /> |posteriori = <br /> |script = [[w:Cyrillic script|Cyrillic]], [[w:Latin script|Latin]]<br /> |image = <br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''Novoslovnica''' is a [[constructed language]] created by Yegor Karpov in 2014. Its name is composed by the words ''nov'' (&quot;new&quot;) and ''slovo'' (&quot;word&quot;). Its main features are lexical purism, wealthy phonology and logical stucture. <br /> <br /> ==Phonology and orthography==<br /> <br /> ===Alphabet===<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> ! Latin<br /> |align=center| a/ä/á<br /> |align=center| å<br /> |align=center| b<br /> |align=center| c<br /> |align=center| č<br /> |align=center| d<br /> |align=center| đ<br /> |align=center| e/ë/é<br /> |align=center| ę<br /> |align=center| ě<br /> |align=center| f<br /> |align=center| g<br /> |align=center| ĝ<br /> |align=center| h<br /> |align=center| i/ï/ĩ <br /> |align=center| j<br /> |align=center| ĵ<br /> |align=center| k<br /> |align=center| l<br /> |align=center| m<br /> |align=center| n<br /> |align=center| o/ö/ó<br /> |align=center| ô<br /> |align=center| p<br /> |align=center| r<br /> |align=center| ř<br /> |align=center| s<br /> |align=center| ŝ<br /> |align=center| š<br /> |align=center| t<br /> |align=center| u/ü/ú<br /> |align=center| ų<br /> |align=center| ů<br /> |align=center| v<br /> |align=center| w<br /> |align=center| x<br /> |align=center| y<br /> |align=center| z<br /> |align=center| ž<br /> |-<br /> ! Cyrillic<br /> |align=center| а/я/á<br /> |align=center| å<br /> |align=center| б<br /> |align=center| ц<br /> |align=center| ч<br /> |align=center| д<br /> |align=center| џ<br /> |align=center| е/є/э<br /> |align=center| ѧ<br /> |align=center| ѣ<br /> |align=center| ф<br /> |align=center| г<br /> |align=center| ґ<br /> |align=center| х<br /> |align=center| и/i/ï<br /> |align=center| j<br /> |align=center| й<br /> |align=center| к<br /> |align=center| л<br /> |align=center| м<br /> |align=center| н<br /> |align=center| о/ё/ó<br /> |align=center| ô<br /> |align=center| п<br /> |align=center| р<br /> |align=center| ҏ<br /> |align=center| с<br /> |align=center| s<br /> |align=center| ш<br /> |align=center| т<br /> |align=center| у/ю/ӯ<br /> |align=center| ų<br /> |align=center| ъ<br /> |align=center| в<br /> |align=center| ў<br /> |align=center| ќ<br /> |align=center| ы<br /> |align=center| з<br /> |align=center| ж<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===Pronunciation===<br /> <br /> Every letter is pronounced in the only way, so it is easy to start reading Novoslovnica after learning the alphabet and the phonology of the language.<br /> <br /> ====Consonants====<br /> {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;1&quot; cellspacing=&quot;1&quot; class=&quot;bluetable lightbluebg&quot;<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 66px; text-align: center; &quot;|Bilabial<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 66px; text-align: center; &quot;|Labio-dental<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 66px; text-align: center; &quot;|Dental<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 66px; text-align: center; &quot;|Alveolar<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 66px; text-align: center; &quot;|Post-alveolar<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 66px; text-align: center; &quot;|Palatal<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 66px; text-align: center; &quot;|Labio-velar<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 66px; text-align: center; &quot;|Velar<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 66px; text-align: center; &quot;|Glottal<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 66px; &quot;|<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|m /m/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|n /n/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center; &quot;|Nasal<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|p /p/ b /b/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|t /t/ d /d/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|k /k/ ĝ /g/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center; &quot;|Plosive<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|f /f/ v /v/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|θ /θ/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|s /s/ z /z/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;| š /ʂ/ ž /ʐ/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|j /ʝ/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|h /x/ g /ɣ/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center; &quot;|Fricative<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|w /ʋ/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|ĵ /j/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center; &quot;|Approximant<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|r /r/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center; &quot;|Trill<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|l /l/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center; &quot;|Lateral<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ====Vowels====<br /> The stress is movable, but it tends to the first syllable of the word's root.<br /> {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;1&quot; cellspacing=&quot;1&quot; class=&quot;bluetable lightbluebg&quot;<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 90px; text-align: center; &quot;|Front<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 90px; text-align: center; &quot;|Near-front<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 90px; text-align: center; &quot;|Central<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 90px; text-align: center; &quot;|Near-back<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 90px; text-align: center; &quot;|Back<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 90px; &quot;|<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|ï /i/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|y /ɨ/ ü /ʉ/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|u /u/<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center; &quot;|Close<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|i /ɪ/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|ě /ɪ̈/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|ô /ʊ/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center; &quot;|Near-close<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|ë /e/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|e /ɘ/ ö /ɵ/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|o /o/<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center; &quot;|Close-mid<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|ů /ə/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center; &quot;|Mid<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|å /ʌ/<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center; &quot;|Open-mid<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|ä /æ/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center; &quot;|Near-open<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|a /a/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center; &quot;|Open<br /> |}<br /> <br /> Vowels distinguish on long and short ones. In writing the long vowel is determinated by the akut on the letter ov the vowel. Vowels ''a'', ''e'', ''o'' and ''u'' can be long and short, other can be only short.<br /> <br /> ==Grammar==<br /> <br /> ===Articles===<br /> <br /> There are three determinative articles: ''ůt/to/ta/te'', ''ův/vo/va/ve'' and ''ůn/no/na/ne''.<br /> Articles are required when it's necessary to clear the object spoken about. The difference between the three articles is in position of the object. The ''ůt'' article is used when we can not see the object. The ''ůn'' article is used when we can see the object, but it is far from us. The ''ův'' article is used when we can see the object and it is close to us.<br /> <br /> ===Nouns===<br /> <br /> There are three numbers and 9 cases in Novoslovnica. Also there are three genders - masculine, feminine and neutral.<br /> <br /> :''dom'' - masculine<br /> :''voda'' - feminine<br /> :''slonco'' - neutral<br /> <br /> There are 3 paradigms, which determines practically how the very word changes in cases.<br /> <br /> {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;1&quot; cellspacing=&quot;1&quot; class=&quot;bluetable lightbluebg&quot;<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 90px; &quot;|<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 90px; text-align: center; &quot;|1A<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 90px; text-align: center; &quot;|1B<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 90px; text-align: center; &quot;|2A<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 90px; text-align: center; &quot;|2B<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 90px; text-align: center; &quot;|3A<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 90px; text-align: center; &quot;|3B<br /> |-<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Nominative<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Voda<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Dädä<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Dųb<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Slonco<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Dver'<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Vremę<br /> |-<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Genitive<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Vody<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Dädï<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Dųba<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Slonca<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Dverï<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Vremenï<br /> |-<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Partitive<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Vody<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Dädï<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Dųbu<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Sloncu<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Dverï<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Vremenï<br /> |-<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Accusative<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Vodu<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Dädü<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Dųb<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Slonco<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Dver'<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Vremę<br /> |-<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Dative<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Vodě<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Dädě<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Dųbu<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Sloncu<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Dverï<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Vremenï<br /> |-<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Instrumentative<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Vodoĵ<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Dädëĵ<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Dųbom<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|SLoncom<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Dveriü<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Vremenëm<br /> |-<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Prepositive<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|O vodě<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|O dädě<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|O dųbě<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|O sloncě<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|O dverě<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|O vremeně<br /> |-<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Locative<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|V vodji<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Dädji<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|V dųbu<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|V sloncu<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Dverji<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Vo vremenji<br /> |-<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Vocative<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Vodo<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Dädö<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Dųbe<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Slonce<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Dverï<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Vremų<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===Adjectives===<br /> <br /> Adjectives always precede the noun they're related to.<br /> <br /> There are full and brief adjectives.<br /> <br /> {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;1&quot; cellspacing=&quot;1&quot; class=&quot;bluetable lightbluebg&quot;<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 90px; &quot;|<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 90px; text-align: center; &quot;|masc, firm<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 90px; text-align: center; &quot;|masc, soft<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 90px; text-align: center; &quot;|fem, firm<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 90px; text-align: center; &quot;|fem,soft<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 90px; text-align: center; &quot;|neu, firm<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 90px; text-align: center; &quot;|neu, soft<br /> |-<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Nominative<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Krasnyĵ<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> |-<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Genitive<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Krasnoga<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> |-<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Partitive<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Krasnogu<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> |-<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Accusative<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Krasnogo<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> |-<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Dative<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Krasnomu<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> |-<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Instrumentative<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Krasnym<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> |-<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Prepositive<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|O Krasnom<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> |-<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Locative<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|V Krasnomu<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> |-<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Vocative<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Krasnyĵ<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===Adverbs===<br /> <br /> Adverbs may be identified by adding ''-e'' to an stem of the adjective.<br /> :''jasno'' (clear) → ''jasne'' (clearly)<br /> <br /> ===Pronouns===<br /> <br /> ====Personal pronouns====<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Novbasa !! English<br /> |-<br /> | ''Ja'' || I<br /> |-<br /> | ''ty'' || you<br /> |-<br /> | ''On''/''Ona''/''Ono'' || he/she/it<br /> |-<br /> | ''Ma'' || we two<br /> |-<br /> | ''Va'' || you two<br /> |-<br /> | ''Ona'' || they two<br /> |-<br /> | ''My'' || we<br /> |-<br /> | ''Vy'' || you<br /> |-<br /> | ''Oni'' || they<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ====Possessive pronouns====<br /> <br /> Possessive pronouns change in cases quite as adjectives.<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Novbasa !! English<br /> |-<br /> | ''môĵ'' || I, mine<br /> |-<br /> | ''tvôĵ'' || your, yours<br /> |-<br /> | ''jegôĵ''/''jejôĵ'' || his/her, his/hers<br /> |-<br /> | ''naš'' || our, ours<br /> |-<br /> | ''vaš'' || your, yours<br /> |-<br /> | ''Ihniĵ'' || their, theirs<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ====Interrogative pronouns====<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Novbasa !! English<br /> |-<br /> | ''kto'' || who<br /> |-<br /> | ''čto'' || what<br /> |-<br /> | ''dy'' || when<br /> |-<br /> | ''de'' || where<br /> |-<br /> | ''kak'' || how<br /> |-<br /> | ''začto'' || why<br /> |-<br /> | ''kolïko'' || how much<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===Verbs===<br /> <br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Tense !! Novbasa !! English<br /> |-<br /> | Infinitive || ''strojati'' || to build<br /> |-<br /> | Present || ''ja strojam'' || I build<br /> |-<br /> | Present perfect || ''ja sům strojal'' || I have built<br /> |-<br /> | Past || ''Ja strojah'' || I built<br /> |-<br /> | Past perfect || ''Ja byh strojal'' || I had built<br /> |-<br /> | Future || ''Ja hte strojam'' || I will build<br /> |-<br /> | Near future || ''Ja budu strojati'' || I am going to build<br /> |-<br /> | Conditional || ''Ja bih strojal'' || I would build<br /> |-<br /> | Imperative || ''Stroj(aĵ)!'' || build!<br /> |-<br /> | Present Participle || ''Strojačiĵ'' || building<br /> |-<br /> | Past Participle || ''Strojan'' || built<br /> |}<br /> <br /> There are 4 different types of conjuction. Their conjuction depends on what vowels is on the end of the verb's stem. These vowels are: ''a'', ''e'', ''i'', ''u''.<br /> <br /> The reflexive is formed by putting ''sę'' before the verb.<br /> <br /> The passive is formed by dealing with the verb ''byti'' and past participle of the verb.<br /> <br /> ====Byti====<br /> <br /> ''Byti'' (&quot;to be&quot;) is one of irregular verbs.<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Tense !! Novbasa !! English<br /> |-<br /> | Infinitive || ''Byti'' || to be<br /> |-<br /> | Present || ''Ja sům'' || I am<br /> |-<br /> | Present perfect || ''Ja sům byl'' || I have been<br /> |-<br /> | Past || ''Ja byh'' || I was<br /> |-<br /> | Past pefect || ''Ja byh byl'' || I had been<br /> |-<br /> | Future || ''Ja hte sům'' || I will be<br /> |-<br /> | Near future || ''Ja budu'' || I am going to be<br /> |-<br /> | Conditional || ''Ja byh byl'' || I would be<br /> |-<br /> | Imperative || ''Bud'! '' || be!<br /> |-<br /> | Present Participle || ''Sųštyĵ'' || being<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===Numerals===<br /> <br /> ====Сardinal====<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Number !! Cardinal !! Number !! Cardinal<br /> |-<br /> | 0 || ''nôl' '' || 11 || ''jedennaĵčě''<br /> |-<br /> | 1 || ''jeden'' || 20 || ''dvaĵčě''<br /> |-<br /> | 2 || ''dva'' || 21 || ''dvaĵčě i jeden''<br /> |-<br /> | 3 || ''tri'' || 30 || ''triĵčě''<br /> |-<br /> | 4 || ''četyri'' || 40 || ''četyridesět''<br /> |-<br /> | 5 || ''pět '' || 50 || ''pětdesět''<br /> |-<br /> | 6 || ''šest'' || 100 || ''sto''<br /> |-<br /> | 7 || ''sedem'' || 200 || ''dvěstě''<br /> |-<br /> | 8 || ''osem'' || 237 || ''dvěstě triĵčě sedem''<br /> |-<br /> | 9 || ''devět'' || 1000 || ''tysęča''<br /> |-<br /> | 10 || ''desět'' || 2000 || ''dvě tysęčy''<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ====Ordinal====<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Number !! Cardinal !! Number !! Cardinal<br /> |-<br /> | 0 || ''nôlövyĵ'' || 11 || ''jedennaĵčětyĵ''<br /> |-<br /> | 1 || ''půrvyĵ'' || 20 || ''dvaĵčětyĵ''<br /> |-<br /> | 2 || ''vtoryĵ'' || 21 || ''dvaĵčě půrvyĵ''<br /> |-<br /> | 3 || ''tretïĵ'' || 30 || ''triĵčětyĵ''<br /> |-<br /> | 4 || ''četvůrtyĵ'' || 40 || ''četyriĵčětyĵ''<br /> |-<br /> | 5 || ''pětyĵ'' || 50 || ''pětdesětyĵ''<br /> |-<br /> | 6 || ''šestyĵ'' || 100 || ''stotyĵ''<br /> |-<br /> | 7 || ''sedmyĵ'' || 200 || ''dvôhsůtyĵ''<br /> |-<br /> | 8 || ''osmyĵ'' || 237 || ''dvěstě triĵčě sedmyĵ''<br /> |-<br /> | 9 || ''devětyĵ'' || 1000 || ''tysęčnyĵ''<br /> |-<br /> | 10 || ''desětyĵ'' || 2000 || ''dvôhtysęčnyĵ''<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==Lexicon==<br /> <br /> Lexicon is made up from all slavonic languages. Now the vocabulary of Novoslovnica is about 2,5 thousand words and is developing.<br /> <br /> ==Translations==<br /> <br /> ===Sample translations===<br /> <br /> ''All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood.''&lt;br/&gt;<br /> ''Vsě lüdski sųštestvy su rođany svobodnymi i råvnymi v dostoĵnostï i pravah. Oni su obdareny råzumom i sověstïü i musüt postųpati jeden do drugoga v duhu bratstva.''<br /> <br /> ''Language is the human ability to acquire and use complex systems of communication, and a language is any specific example of such a system. The scientific study of language is called linguistics. Estimates of the number of languages in the world vary between 5,000 and 7,000. However, any precise estimate depends on a partly arbitrary distinction between languages and dialects.'' &lt;br/&gt;<br /> ''Jazyk je lüdsko uměnië zjiskati i korystovati složny uklady občövanä, i jazyk je vsęk konkreten priklad ovoï uklady. Naučno izučene jazykov sę zova lingvistikoĵ. Ocěna ličovstva jazykov sę měnäje među pětïü i sedemïü tysęčami. Jednak, vsęky ocěny zavïsut od častične sámovôľnoga råzličenä jazykov i dïalektov.''<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> <br /> *[http://cals.conlang.org/language/novoslovnica/] Novoslovnica in CALS<br /> *[http://nowoslownica.org] The official page of the language<br /> *[http://conworkshop.com/view_language.php?l=NSL] The page on ConWorkShop<br /> *[http://nsl.nowoslownica.org] The wiki in Novoslovnica<br /> <br /> <br /> [[Category:Languages]]<br /> [[Category:Conlangs]]<br /> [[Category:Slavic languages]]</div>

Eakarpov https://linguifex.com/w/index.php?title=Novoslovnica&diff=37779 2015-07-31T16:10:54Z

<p>Eakarpov: /* Alphabet */</p> <hr /> <div>{{Infobox language<br /> |name = Novoslovnica<br /> |nativename = Новословница<br /> |pronunciation = [novo'slovnica]<br /> |speakers = <br /> |date = <br /> |familycolor = Indo-European<br /> |fam1 = [[w:Conlang|Conlang]]<br /> |creator = [[User:eakarpov|Yegor Karpov]]<br /> |created = 2014<br /> |setting = <br /> |posteriori = <br /> |script = [[w:Cyrillic script|Cyrillic]], [[w:Latin script|Latin]]<br /> |image = <br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''Novoslovnica''' is a [[constructed language]] created by Yegor Karpov in 2014. Its name is composed by the words ''nov'' (&quot;new&quot;) and ''slovo'' (&quot;word&quot;). Its main features are lexical purism, wealthy phonology and logical stucture. <br /> <br /> ==Phonology and orthography==<br /> <br /> ===Alphabet===<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> ! Latin<br /> |align=center| a/ä/á<br /> |align=center| å<br /> |align=center| b<br /> |align=center| c<br /> |align=center| č<br /> |align=center| d<br /> |align=center| đ<br /> |align=center| e/ë/é<br /> |align=center| ę<br /> |align=center| ě<br /> |align=center| f<br /> |align=center| g<br /> |align=center| ĝ<br /> |align=center| h<br /> |align=center| i/ï/ĩ <br /> |align=center| j<br /> |align=center| ĵ<br /> |align=center| k<br /> |align=center| l<br /> |align=center| m<br /> |align=center| n<br /> |align=center| o/ö/ó<br /> |align=center| ô<br /> |align=center| p<br /> |align=center| r<br /> |align=center| ř<br /> |align=center| s<br /> |align=center| ŝ<br /> |align=center| š<br /> |align=center| t<br /> |align=center| u/ü/ú<br /> |align=center| ų<br /> |align=center| ů<br /> |align=center| v<br /> |align=center| w<br /> |align=center| x<br /> |align=center| y<br /> |align=center| z<br /> |align=center| ž<br /> |-<br /> ! Cyrillic<br /> |align=center| а/я/á<br /> |align=center| å<br /> |align=center| б<br /> |align=center| ц<br /> |align=center| ч<br /> |align=center| д<br /> |align=center| џ<br /> |align=center| е/є/э<br /> |align=center| ѧ<br /> |align=center| ѣ<br /> |align=center| ф<br /> |align=center| г<br /> |align=center| ґ<br /> |align=center| х<br /> |align=center| и/i/ï<br /> |align=center| j<br /> |align=center| й<br /> |align=center| к<br /> |align=center| л<br /> |align=center| м<br /> |align=center| н<br /> |align=center| о/ё/ó<br /> |align=center| ô<br /> |align=center| п<br /> |align=center| р<br /> |align=center| ҏ<br /> |align=center| с<br /> |align=center| s<br /> |align=center| ш<br /> |align=center| т<br /> |align=center| у/ю/ӯ<br /> |align=center| ų<br /> |align=center| ъ<br /> |align=center| в<br /> |align=center| ў<br /> |align=center| ќ<br /> |align=center| ы<br /> |align=center| з<br /> |align=center| ж<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===Pronunciation===<br /> <br /> Every letter is pronounced in the only way, so it is easy to start reading Novoslovnica after learning the alphabet and the phonology of the language.<br /> <br /> ====Consonants====<br /> {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;1&quot; cellspacing=&quot;1&quot; class=&quot;bluetable lightbluebg&quot;<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 66px; text-align: center; &quot;|Bilabial<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 66px; text-align: center; &quot;|Labio-dental<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 66px; text-align: center; &quot;|Dental<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 66px; text-align: center; &quot;|Alveolar<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 66px; text-align: center; &quot;|Post-alveolar<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 66px; text-align: center; &quot;|Palatal<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 66px; text-align: center; &quot;|Labio-velar<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 66px; text-align: center; &quot;|Velar<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 66px; text-align: center; &quot;|Glottal<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 66px; &quot;|<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|m /m/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|n /n/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center; &quot;|Nasal<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|p /p/ b /b/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|t /t/ d /d/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|k /k/ ĝ /g/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center; &quot;|Plosive<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|f /f/ v /v/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|θ /θ/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|s /s/ z /z/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;| š /ʂ/ ž /ʐ/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|j /ʝ/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|x /x/ g /ɣ/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center; &quot;|Fricative<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|w /ʋ/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|ĵ /j/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center; &quot;|Approximant<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|r /r/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center; &quot;|Trill<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|l /l/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center; &quot;|Lateral<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ====Vowels====<br /> The stress is movable, but it tends to the first syllable of the word's root.<br /> {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;1&quot; cellspacing=&quot;1&quot; class=&quot;bluetable lightbluebg&quot;<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 90px; text-align: center; &quot;|Front<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 90px; text-align: center; &quot;|Near-front<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 90px; text-align: center; &quot;|Central<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 90px; text-align: center; &quot;|Near-back<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 90px; text-align: center; &quot;|Back<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 90px; &quot;|<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|ï /i/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|y /ɨ/ ü /ʉ/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|u /u/<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center; &quot;|Close<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|i /ɪ/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|ě /ɪ̈/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|ô /ʊ/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center; &quot;|Near-close<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|ë /e/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|e /ɘ/ ö /ɵ/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|o /o/<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center; &quot;|Close-mid<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|ů /ə/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center; &quot;|Mid<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|å /ʌ/<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center; &quot;|Open-mid<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|ä /æ/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center; &quot;|Near-open<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|a /a/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center; &quot;|Open<br /> |}<br /> <br /> Vowels distinguish on long and short ones. In writing the long vowel is determinated by the akut on the letter ov the vowel. Vowels ''a'', ''e'', ''o'' and ''u'' can be long and short, other can be only short.<br /> <br /> ==Grammar==<br /> <br /> ===Articles===<br /> <br /> There are three determinative articles: ''ůt/to/ta/te'', ''ův/vo/va/ve'' and ''ůn/no/na/ne''.<br /> Articles are required when it's necessary to clear the object spoken about. The difference between the three articles is in position of the object. The ''ůt'' article is used when we can not see the object. The ''ůn'' article is used when we can see the object, but it is far from us. The ''ův'' article is used when we can see the object and it is close to us.<br /> <br /> ===Nouns===<br /> <br /> There are three numbers and 9 cases in Novoslovnica. Also there are three genders - masculine, feminine and neutral.<br /> <br /> :''dom'' - masculine<br /> :''voda'' - feminine<br /> :''slonco'' - neutral<br /> <br /> There are 3 paradigms, which determines practically how the very word changes in cases.<br /> <br /> {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;1&quot; cellspacing=&quot;1&quot; class=&quot;bluetable lightbluebg&quot;<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 90px; &quot;|<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 90px; text-align: center; &quot;|1A<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 90px; text-align: center; &quot;|1B<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 90px; text-align: center; &quot;|2A<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 90px; text-align: center; &quot;|2B<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 90px; text-align: center; &quot;|3A<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 90px; text-align: center; &quot;|3B<br /> |-<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Nominative<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Voda<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Dädä<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Dųb<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Slonco<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Dver'<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Vremę<br /> |-<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Genitive<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Vody<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Dädï<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Dųba<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Slonca<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Dverï<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Vremenï<br /> |-<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Partitive<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Vody<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Dädï<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Dųbu<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Sloncu<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Dverï<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Vremenï<br /> |-<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Accusative<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Vodu<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Dädü<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Dųb<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Slonco<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Dver'<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Vremę<br /> |-<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Dative<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Vodě<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Dädě<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Dųbu<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Sloncu<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Dverï<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Vremenï<br /> |-<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Instrumentative<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Vodoĵ<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Dädëĵ<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Dųbom<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|SLoncom<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Dveriü<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Vremenëm<br /> |-<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Prepositive<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|O vodě<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|O dädě<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|O dųbě<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|O sloncě<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|O dverě<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|O vremeně<br /> |-<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Locative<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|V vodji<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Dädji<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|V dųbu<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|V sloncu<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Dverji<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Vo vremenji<br /> |-<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Vocative<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Vodo<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Dädö<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Dųbe<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Slonce<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Dverï<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Vremų<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===Adjectives===<br /> <br /> Adjectives always precede the noun they're related to.<br /> <br /> There are full and brief adjectives.<br /> <br /> {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;1&quot; cellspacing=&quot;1&quot; class=&quot;bluetable lightbluebg&quot;<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 90px; &quot;|<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 90px; text-align: center; &quot;|masc, firm<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 90px; text-align: center; &quot;|masc, soft<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 90px; text-align: center; &quot;|fem, firm<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 90px; text-align: center; &quot;|fem,soft<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 90px; text-align: center; &quot;|neu, firm<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 90px; text-align: center; &quot;|neu, soft<br /> |-<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Nominative<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Krasnyĵ<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> |-<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Genitive<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Krasnoga<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> |-<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Partitive<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Krasnogu<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> |-<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Accusative<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Krasnogo<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> |-<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Dative<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Krasnomu<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> |-<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Instrumentative<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Krasnym<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> |-<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Prepositive<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|O Krasnom<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> |-<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Locative<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|V Krasnomu<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> |-<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Vocative<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Krasnyĵ<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===Adverbs===<br /> <br /> Adverbs may be identified by adding ''-e'' to an stem of the adjective.<br /> :''jasno'' (clear) → ''jasne'' (clearly)<br /> <br /> ===Pronouns===<br /> <br /> ====Personal pronouns====<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Novbasa !! English<br /> |-<br /> | ''Ja'' || I<br /> |-<br /> | ''ty'' || you<br /> |-<br /> | ''On''/''Ona''/''Ono'' || he/she/it<br /> |-<br /> | ''Ma'' || we two<br /> |-<br /> | ''Va'' || you two<br /> |-<br /> | ''Ona'' || they two<br /> |-<br /> | ''My'' || we<br /> |-<br /> | ''Vy'' || you<br /> |-<br /> | ''Oni'' || they<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ====Possessive pronouns====<br /> <br /> Possessive pronouns change in cases quite as adjectives.<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Novbasa !! English<br /> |-<br /> | ''môĵ'' || I, mine<br /> |-<br /> | ''tvôĵ'' || your, yours<br /> |-<br /> | ''jegôĵ''/''jejôĵ'' || his/her, his/hers<br /> |-<br /> | ''naš'' || our, ours<br /> |-<br /> | ''vaš'' || your, yours<br /> |-<br /> | ''Ihniĵ'' || their, theirs<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ====Interrogative pronouns====<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Novbasa !! English<br /> |-<br /> | ''kto'' || who<br /> |-<br /> | ''čto'' || what<br /> |-<br /> | ''dy'' || when<br /> |-<br /> | ''de'' || where<br /> |-<br /> | ''kak'' || how<br /> |-<br /> | ''začto'' || why<br /> |-<br /> | ''kolïko'' || how much<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===Verbs===<br /> <br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Tense !! Novbasa !! English<br /> |-<br /> | Infinitive || ''strojati'' || to build<br /> |-<br /> | Present || ''ja strojam'' || I build<br /> |-<br /> | Present perfect || ''ja sům strojal'' || I have built<br /> |-<br /> | Past || ''Ja strojah'' || I built<br /> |-<br /> | Past perfect || ''Ja byh strojal'' || I had built<br /> |-<br /> | Future || ''Ja hte strojam'' || I will build<br /> |-<br /> | Near future || ''Ja budu strojati'' || I am going to build<br /> |-<br /> | Conditional || ''Ja bih strojal'' || I would build<br /> |-<br /> | Imperative || ''Stroj(aĵ)!'' || build!<br /> |-<br /> | Present Participle || ''Strojačiĵ'' || building<br /> |-<br /> | Past Participle || ''Strojan'' || built<br /> |}<br /> <br /> There are 4 different types of conjuction. Their conjuction depends on what vowels is on the end of the verb's stem. These vowels are: ''a'', ''e'', ''i'', ''u''.<br /> <br /> The reflexive is formed by putting ''sę'' before the verb.<br /> <br /> The passive is formed by dealing with the verb ''byti'' and past participle of the verb.<br /> <br /> ====Byti====<br /> <br /> ''Byti'' (&quot;to be&quot;) is one of irregular verbs.<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Tense !! Novbasa !! English<br /> |-<br /> | Infinitive || ''Byti'' || to be<br /> |-<br /> | Present || ''Ja sům'' || I am<br /> |-<br /> | Present perfect || ''Ja sům byl'' || I have been<br /> |-<br /> | Past || ''Ja byh'' || I was<br /> |-<br /> | Past pefect || ''Ja byh byl'' || I had been<br /> |-<br /> | Future || ''Ja hte sům'' || I will be<br /> |-<br /> | Near future || ''Ja budu'' || I am going to be<br /> |-<br /> | Conditional || ''Ja byh byl'' || I would be<br /> |-<br /> | Imperative || ''Bud'! '' || be!<br /> |-<br /> | Present Participle || ''Sųštyĵ'' || being<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===Numerals===<br /> <br /> ====Сardinal====<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Number !! Cardinal !! Number !! Cardinal<br /> |-<br /> | 0 || ''nôl' '' || 11 || ''jedennaĵčě''<br /> |-<br /> | 1 || ''jeden'' || 20 || ''dvaĵčě''<br /> |-<br /> | 2 || ''dva'' || 21 || ''dvaĵčě i jeden''<br /> |-<br /> | 3 || ''tri'' || 30 || ''triĵčě''<br /> |-<br /> | 4 || ''četyri'' || 40 || ''četyridesět''<br /> |-<br /> | 5 || ''pět '' || 50 || ''pětdesět''<br /> |-<br /> | 6 || ''šest'' || 100 || ''sto''<br /> |-<br /> | 7 || ''sedem'' || 200 || ''dvěstě''<br /> |-<br /> | 8 || ''osem'' || 237 || ''dvěstě triĵčě sedem''<br /> |-<br /> | 9 || ''devět'' || 1000 || ''tysęča''<br /> |-<br /> | 10 || ''desět'' || 2000 || ''dvě tysęčy''<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ====Ordinal====<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Number !! Cardinal !! Number !! Cardinal<br /> |-<br /> | 0 || ''nôlövyĵ'' || 11 || ''jedennaĵčětyĵ''<br /> |-<br /> | 1 || ''půrvyĵ'' || 20 || ''dvaĵčětyĵ''<br /> |-<br /> | 2 || ''vtoryĵ'' || 21 || ''dvaĵčě půrvyĵ''<br /> |-<br /> | 3 || ''tretïĵ'' || 30 || ''triĵčětyĵ''<br /> |-<br /> | 4 || ''četvůrtyĵ'' || 40 || ''četyriĵčětyĵ''<br /> |-<br /> | 5 || ''pětyĵ'' || 50 || ''pětdesětyĵ''<br /> |-<br /> | 6 || ''šestyĵ'' || 100 || ''stotyĵ''<br /> |-<br /> | 7 || ''sedmyĵ'' || 200 || ''dvôhsůtyĵ''<br /> |-<br /> | 8 || ''osmyĵ'' || 237 || ''dvěstě triĵčě sedmyĵ''<br /> |-<br /> | 9 || ''devětyĵ'' || 1000 || ''tysęčnyĵ''<br /> |-<br /> | 10 || ''desětyĵ'' || 2000 || ''dvôhtysęčnyĵ''<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==Lexicon==<br /> <br /> Lexicon is made up from all slavonic languages. Now the vocabulary of Novoslovnica is about 2,5 thousand words and is developing.<br /> <br /> ==Translations==<br /> <br /> ===Sample translations===<br /> <br /> ''All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood.''&lt;br/&gt;<br /> ''Vsě lüdski sųštestvy su rođany svobodnymi i råvnymi v dostoĵnostï i pravah. Oni su obdareny råzumom i sověstïü i musüt postųpati jeden do drugoga v duhu bratstva.''<br /> <br /> ''Language is the human ability to acquire and use complex systems of communication, and a language is any specific example of such a system. The scientific study of language is called linguistics. Estimates of the number of languages in the world vary between 5,000 and 7,000. However, any precise estimate depends on a partly arbitrary distinction between languages and dialects.'' &lt;br/&gt;<br /> ''Jazyk je lüdsko uměnië zjiskati i korystovati složny uklady občövanä, i jazyk je vsęk konkreten priklad ovoï uklady. Naučno izučene jazykov sę zova lingvistikoĵ. Ocěna ličovstva jazykov sę měnäje među pětïü i sedemïü tysęčami. Jednak, vsęky ocěny zavïsut od častične sámovôľnoga råzličenä jazykov i dïalektov.''<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> <br /> *[http://cals.conlang.org/language/novoslovnica/] Novoslovnica in CALS<br /> *[http://nowoslownica.org] The official page of the language<br /> *[http://conworkshop.com/view_language.php?l=NSL] The page on ConWorkShop<br /> *[http://nsl.nowoslownica.org] The wiki in Novoslovnica<br /> <br /> <br /> [[Category:Languages]]<br /> [[Category:Conlangs]]<br /> [[Category:Slavic languages]]</div>

Eakarpov https://linguifex.com/w/index.php?title=Novoslovnica&diff=37687 2015-07-30T18:55:41Z

<p>Eakarpov: /* Sample translations */</p> <hr /> <div>{{Infobox language<br /> |name = Novoslovnica<br /> |nativename = Новословница<br /> |pronunciation = [novo'slovnica]<br /> |speakers = <br /> |date = <br /> |familycolor = Indo-European<br /> |fam1 = [[w:Conlang|Conlang]]<br /> |creator = [[User:eakarpov|Yegor Karpov]]<br /> |created = 2014<br /> |setting = <br /> |posteriori = <br /> |script = [[w:Cyrillic script|Cyrillic]], [[w:Latin script|Latin]]<br /> |image = <br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''Novoslovnica''' is a [[constructed language]] created by Yegor Karpov in 2014. Its name is composed by the words ''nov'' (&quot;new&quot;) and ''slovo'' (&quot;word&quot;). Its main features are lexical purism, wealthy phonology and logical stucture. <br /> <br /> ==Phonology and orthography==<br /> <br /> ===Alphabet===<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> ! Latin<br /> |align=center| a/ä/á<br /> |align=center| å<br /> |align=center| b<br /> |align=center| c<br /> |align=center| č<br /> |align=center| d<br /> |align=center| đ<br /> |align=center| e/ë/é<br /> |align=center| ę<br /> |align=center| ě<br /> |align=center| f<br /> |align=center| g<br /> |align=center| ĝ<br /> |align=center| h<br /> |align=center| i/ï<br /> |align=center| j<br /> |align=center| ĵ<br /> |align=center| k<br /> |align=center| l<br /> |align=center| m<br /> |align=center| n<br /> |align=center| o/ö/ó<br /> |align=center| ô<br /> |align=center| p<br /> |align=center| r<br /> |align=center| ř<br /> |align=center| s<br /> |align=center| ŝ<br /> |align=center| š<br /> |align=center| t<br /> |align=center| u/ü/ú<br /> |align=center| ų<br /> |align=center| ů<br /> |align=center| v<br /> |align=center| w<br /> |align=center| x<br /> |align=center| y<br /> |align=center| z<br /> |align=center| ž<br /> |-<br /> ! Cyrillic<br /> |align=center| а/я/á<br /> |align=center| å<br /> |align=center| б<br /> |align=center| ц<br /> |align=center| ч<br /> |align=center| д<br /> |align=center| џ<br /> |align=center| е/є/э<br /> |align=center| ѧ<br /> |align=center| ѣ<br /> |align=center| ф<br /> |align=center| г<br /> |align=center| ґ<br /> |align=center| х<br /> |align=center| и/i<br /> |align=center| j<br /> |align=center| й<br /> |align=center| к<br /> |align=center| л<br /> |align=center| м<br /> |align=center| н<br /> |align=center| о/ё/ó<br /> |align=center| ô<br /> |align=center| п<br /> |align=center| р<br /> |align=center| ҏ<br /> |align=center| с<br /> |align=center| s<br /> |align=center| ш<br /> |align=center| т<br /> |align=center| у/ю/ӯ<br /> |align=center| ų<br /> |align=center| ъ<br /> |align=center| в<br /> |align=center| ў<br /> |align=center| ќ<br /> |align=center| ы<br /> |align=center| з<br /> |align=center| ж<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===Pronunciation===<br /> <br /> Every letter is pronounced in the only way, so it is easy to start reading Novoslovnica after learning the alphabet and the phonology of the language.<br /> <br /> ====Consonants====<br /> {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;1&quot; cellspacing=&quot;1&quot; class=&quot;bluetable lightbluebg&quot;<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 66px; text-align: center; &quot;|Bilabial<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 66px; text-align: center; &quot;|Labio-dental<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 66px; text-align: center; &quot;|Dental<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 66px; text-align: center; &quot;|Alveolar<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 66px; text-align: center; &quot;|Post-alveolar<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 66px; text-align: center; &quot;|Palatal<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 66px; text-align: center; &quot;|Labio-velar<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 66px; text-align: center; &quot;|Velar<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 66px; text-align: center; &quot;|Glottal<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 66px; &quot;|<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|m /m/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|n /n/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center; &quot;|Nasal<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|p /p/ b /b/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|t /t/ d /d/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|k /k/ ĝ /g/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center; &quot;|Plosive<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|f /f/ v /v/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|θ /θ/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|s /s/ z /z/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;| š /ʂ/ ž /ʐ/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|j /ʝ/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|x /x/ g /ɣ/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center; &quot;|Fricative<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|w /ʋ/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|ĵ /j/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center; &quot;|Approximant<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|r /r/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center; &quot;|Trill<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|l /l/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center; &quot;|Lateral<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ====Vowels====<br /> The stress is movable, but it tends to the first syllable of the word's root.<br /> {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;1&quot; cellspacing=&quot;1&quot; class=&quot;bluetable lightbluebg&quot;<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 90px; text-align: center; &quot;|Front<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 90px; text-align: center; &quot;|Near-front<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 90px; text-align: center; &quot;|Central<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 90px; text-align: center; &quot;|Near-back<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 90px; text-align: center; &quot;|Back<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 90px; &quot;|<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|ï /i/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|y /ɨ/ ü /ʉ/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|u /u/<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center; &quot;|Close<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|i /ɪ/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|ě /ɪ̈/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|ô /ʊ/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center; &quot;|Near-close<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|ë /e/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|e /ɘ/ ö /ɵ/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|o /o/<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center; &quot;|Close-mid<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|ů /ə/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center; &quot;|Mid<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|å /ʌ/<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center; &quot;|Open-mid<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|ä /æ/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center; &quot;|Near-open<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|a /a/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center; &quot;|Open<br /> |}<br /> <br /> Vowels distinguish on long and short ones. In writing the long vowel is determinated by the akut on the letter ov the vowel. Vowels ''a'', ''e'', ''o'' and ''u'' can be long and short, other can be only short.<br /> <br /> ==Grammar==<br /> <br /> ===Articles===<br /> <br /> There are three determinative articles: ''ůt/to/ta/te'', ''ův/vo/va/ve'' and ''ůn/no/na/ne''.<br /> Articles are required when it's necessary to clear the object spoken about. The difference between the three articles is in position of the object. The ''ůt'' article is used when we can not see the object. The ''ůn'' article is used when we can see the object, but it is far from us. The ''ův'' article is used when we can see the object and it is close to us.<br /> <br /> ===Nouns===<br /> <br /> There are three numbers and 9 cases in Novoslovnica. Also there are three genders - masculine, feminine and neutral.<br /> <br /> :''dom'' - masculine<br /> :''voda'' - feminine<br /> :''slonco'' - neutral<br /> <br /> There are 3 paradigms, which determines practically how the very word changes in cases.<br /> <br /> {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;1&quot; cellspacing=&quot;1&quot; class=&quot;bluetable lightbluebg&quot;<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 90px; &quot;|<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 90px; text-align: center; &quot;|1A<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 90px; text-align: center; &quot;|1B<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 90px; text-align: center; &quot;|2A<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 90px; text-align: center; &quot;|2B<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 90px; text-align: center; &quot;|3A<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 90px; text-align: center; &quot;|3B<br /> |-<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Nominative<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Voda<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Dädä<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Dųb<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Slonco<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Dver'<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Vremę<br /> |-<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Genitive<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Vody<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Dädï<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Dųba<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Slonca<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Dverï<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Vremenï<br /> |-<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Partitive<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Vody<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Dädï<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Dųbu<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Sloncu<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Dverï<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Vremenï<br /> |-<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Accusative<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Vodu<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Dädü<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Dųb<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Slonco<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Dver'<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Vremę<br /> |-<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Dative<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Vodě<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Dädě<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Dųbu<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Sloncu<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Dverï<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Vremenï<br /> |-<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Instrumentative<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Vodoĵ<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Dädëĵ<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Dųbom<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|SLoncom<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Dveriü<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Vremenëm<br /> |-<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Prepositive<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|O vodě<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|O dädě<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|O dųbě<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|O sloncě<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|O dverě<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|O vremeně<br /> |-<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Locative<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|V vodji<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Dädji<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|V dųbu<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|V sloncu<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Dverji<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Vo vremenji<br /> |-<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Vocative<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Vodo<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Dädö<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Dųbe<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Slonce<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Dverï<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Vremų<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===Adjectives===<br /> <br /> Adjectives always precede the noun they're related to.<br /> <br /> There are full and brief adjectives.<br /> <br /> {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;1&quot; cellspacing=&quot;1&quot; class=&quot;bluetable lightbluebg&quot;<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 90px; &quot;|<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 90px; text-align: center; &quot;|masc, firm<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 90px; text-align: center; &quot;|masc, soft<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 90px; text-align: center; &quot;|fem, firm<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 90px; text-align: center; &quot;|fem,soft<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 90px; text-align: center; &quot;|neu, firm<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 90px; text-align: center; &quot;|neu, soft<br /> |-<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Nominative<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Krasnyĵ<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> |-<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Genitive<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Krasnoga<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> |-<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Partitive<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Krasnogu<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> |-<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Accusative<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Krasnogo<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> |-<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Dative<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Krasnomu<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> |-<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Instrumentative<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Krasnym<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> |-<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Prepositive<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|O Krasnom<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> |-<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Locative<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|V Krasnomu<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> |-<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Vocative<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Krasnyĵ<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===Adverbs===<br /> <br /> Adverbs may be identified by adding ''-e'' to an stem of the adjective.<br /> :''jasno'' (clear) → ''jasne'' (clearly)<br /> <br /> ===Pronouns===<br /> <br /> ====Personal pronouns====<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Novbasa !! English<br /> |-<br /> | ''Ja'' || I<br /> |-<br /> | ''ty'' || you<br /> |-<br /> | ''On''/''Ona''/''Ono'' || he/she/it<br /> |-<br /> | ''Ma'' || we two<br /> |-<br /> | ''Va'' || you two<br /> |-<br /> | ''Ona'' || they two<br /> |-<br /> | ''My'' || we<br /> |-<br /> | ''Vy'' || you<br /> |-<br /> | ''Oni'' || they<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ====Possessive pronouns====<br /> <br /> Possessive pronouns change in cases quite as adjectives.<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Novbasa !! English<br /> |-<br /> | ''môĵ'' || I, mine<br /> |-<br /> | ''tvôĵ'' || your, yours<br /> |-<br /> | ''jegôĵ''/''jejôĵ'' || his/her, his/hers<br /> |-<br /> | ''naš'' || our, ours<br /> |-<br /> | ''vaš'' || your, yours<br /> |-<br /> | ''Ihniĵ'' || their, theirs<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ====Interrogative pronouns====<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Novbasa !! English<br /> |-<br /> | ''kto'' || who<br /> |-<br /> | ''čto'' || what<br /> |-<br /> | ''dy'' || when<br /> |-<br /> | ''de'' || where<br /> |-<br /> | ''kak'' || how<br /> |-<br /> | ''začto'' || why<br /> |-<br /> | ''kolïko'' || how much<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===Verbs===<br /> <br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Tense !! Novbasa !! English<br /> |-<br /> | Infinitive || ''strojati'' || to build<br /> |-<br /> | Present || ''ja strojam'' || I build<br /> |-<br /> | Present perfect || ''ja sům strojal'' || I have built<br /> |-<br /> | Past || ''Ja strojah'' || I built<br /> |-<br /> | Past perfect || ''Ja byh strojal'' || I had built<br /> |-<br /> | Future || ''Ja hte strojam'' || I will build<br /> |-<br /> | Near future || ''Ja budu strojati'' || I am going to build<br /> |-<br /> | Conditional || ''Ja bih strojal'' || I would build<br /> |-<br /> | Imperative || ''Stroj(aĵ)!'' || build!<br /> |-<br /> | Present Participle || ''Strojačiĵ'' || building<br /> |-<br /> | Past Participle || ''Strojan'' || built<br /> |}<br /> <br /> There are 4 different types of conjuction. Their conjuction depends on what vowels is on the end of the verb's stem. These vowels are: ''a'', ''e'', ''i'', ''u''.<br /> <br /> The reflexive is formed by putting ''sę'' before the verb.<br /> <br /> The passive is formed by dealing with the verb ''byti'' and past participle of the verb.<br /> <br /> ====Byti====<br /> <br /> ''Byti'' (&quot;to be&quot;) is one of irregular verbs.<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Tense !! Novbasa !! English<br /> |-<br /> | Infinitive || ''Byti'' || to be<br /> |-<br /> | Present || ''Ja sům'' || I am<br /> |-<br /> | Present perfect || ''Ja sům byl'' || I have been<br /> |-<br /> | Past || ''Ja byh'' || I was<br /> |-<br /> | Past pefect || ''Ja byh byl'' || I had been<br /> |-<br /> | Future || ''Ja hte sům'' || I will be<br /> |-<br /> | Near future || ''Ja budu'' || I am going to be<br /> |-<br /> | Conditional || ''Ja byh byl'' || I would be<br /> |-<br /> | Imperative || ''Bud'! '' || be!<br /> |-<br /> | Present Participle || ''Sųštyĵ'' || being<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===Numerals===<br /> <br /> ====Сardinal====<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Number !! Cardinal !! Number !! Cardinal<br /> |-<br /> | 0 || ''nôl' '' || 11 || ''jedennaĵčě''<br /> |-<br /> | 1 || ''jeden'' || 20 || ''dvaĵčě''<br /> |-<br /> | 2 || ''dva'' || 21 || ''dvaĵčě i jeden''<br /> |-<br /> | 3 || ''tri'' || 30 || ''triĵčě''<br /> |-<br /> | 4 || ''četyri'' || 40 || ''četyridesět''<br /> |-<br /> | 5 || ''pět '' || 50 || ''pětdesět''<br /> |-<br /> | 6 || ''šest'' || 100 || ''sto''<br /> |-<br /> | 7 || ''sedem'' || 200 || ''dvěstě''<br /> |-<br /> | 8 || ''osem'' || 237 || ''dvěstě triĵčě sedem''<br /> |-<br /> | 9 || ''devět'' || 1000 || ''tysęča''<br /> |-<br /> | 10 || ''desět'' || 2000 || ''dvě tysęčy''<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ====Ordinal====<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Number !! Cardinal !! Number !! Cardinal<br /> |-<br /> | 0 || ''nôlövyĵ'' || 11 || ''jedennaĵčětyĵ''<br /> |-<br /> | 1 || ''půrvyĵ'' || 20 || ''dvaĵčětyĵ''<br /> |-<br /> | 2 || ''vtoryĵ'' || 21 || ''dvaĵčě půrvyĵ''<br /> |-<br /> | 3 || ''tretïĵ'' || 30 || ''triĵčětyĵ''<br /> |-<br /> | 4 || ''četvůrtyĵ'' || 40 || ''četyriĵčětyĵ''<br /> |-<br /> | 5 || ''pětyĵ'' || 50 || ''pětdesětyĵ''<br /> |-<br /> | 6 || ''šestyĵ'' || 100 || ''stotyĵ''<br /> |-<br /> | 7 || ''sedmyĵ'' || 200 || ''dvôhsůtyĵ''<br /> |-<br /> | 8 || ''osmyĵ'' || 237 || ''dvěstě triĵčě sedmyĵ''<br /> |-<br /> | 9 || ''devětyĵ'' || 1000 || ''tysęčnyĵ''<br /> |-<br /> | 10 || ''desětyĵ'' || 2000 || ''dvôhtysęčnyĵ''<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==Lexicon==<br /> <br /> Lexicon is made up from all slavonic languages. Now the vocabulary of Novoslovnica is about 2,5 thousand words and is developing.<br /> <br /> ==Translations==<br /> <br /> ===Sample translations===<br /> <br /> ''All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood.''&lt;br/&gt;<br /> ''Vsě lüdski sųštestvy su rođany svobodnymi i råvnymi v dostoĵnostï i pravah. Oni su obdareny råzumom i sověstïü i musüt postųpati jeden do drugoga v duhu bratstva.''<br /> <br /> ''Language is the human ability to acquire and use complex systems of communication, and a language is any specific example of such a system. The scientific study of language is called linguistics. Estimates of the number of languages in the world vary between 5,000 and 7,000. However, any precise estimate depends on a partly arbitrary distinction between languages and dialects.'' &lt;br/&gt;<br /> ''Jazyk je lüdsko uměnië zjiskati i korystovati složny uklady občövanä, i jazyk je vsęk konkreten priklad ovoï uklady. Naučno izučene jazykov sę zova lingvistikoĵ. Ocěna ličovstva jazykov sę měnäje među pětïü i sedemïü tysęčami. Jednak, vsęky ocěny zavïsut od častične sámovôľnoga råzličenä jazykov i dïalektov.''<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> <br /> *[http://cals.conlang.org/language/novoslovnica/] Novoslovnica in CALS<br /> *[http://nowoslownica.org] The official page of the language<br /> *[http://conworkshop.com/view_language.php?l=NSL] The page on ConWorkShop<br /> *[http://nsl.nowoslownica.org] The wiki in Novoslovnica<br /> <br /> <br /> [[Category:Languages]]<br /> [[Category:Conlangs]]<br /> [[Category:Slavic languages]]</div>

Eakarpov https://linguifex.com/w/index.php?title=Novoslovnica&diff=37685 2015-07-30T18:54:51Z

<p>Eakarpov: /* Sample translations */</p> <hr /> <div>{{Infobox language<br /> |name = Novoslovnica<br /> |nativename = Новословница<br /> |pronunciation = [novo'slovnica]<br /> |speakers = <br /> |date = <br /> |familycolor = Indo-European<br /> |fam1 = [[w:Conlang|Conlang]]<br /> |creator = [[User:eakarpov|Yegor Karpov]]<br /> |created = 2014<br /> |setting = <br /> |posteriori = <br /> |script = [[w:Cyrillic script|Cyrillic]], [[w:Latin script|Latin]]<br /> |image = <br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''Novoslovnica''' is a [[constructed language]] created by Yegor Karpov in 2014. Its name is composed by the words ''nov'' (&quot;new&quot;) and ''slovo'' (&quot;word&quot;). Its main features are lexical purism, wealthy phonology and logical stucture. <br /> <br /> ==Phonology and orthography==<br /> <br /> ===Alphabet===<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> ! Latin<br /> |align=center| a/ä/á<br /> |align=center| å<br /> |align=center| b<br /> |align=center| c<br /> |align=center| č<br /> |align=center| d<br /> |align=center| đ<br /> |align=center| e/ë/é<br /> |align=center| ę<br /> |align=center| ě<br /> |align=center| f<br /> |align=center| g<br /> |align=center| ĝ<br /> |align=center| h<br /> |align=center| i/ï<br /> |align=center| j<br /> |align=center| ĵ<br /> |align=center| k<br /> |align=center| l<br /> |align=center| m<br /> |align=center| n<br /> |align=center| o/ö/ó<br /> |align=center| ô<br /> |align=center| p<br /> |align=center| r<br /> |align=center| ř<br /> |align=center| s<br /> |align=center| ŝ<br /> |align=center| š<br /> |align=center| t<br /> |align=center| u/ü/ú<br /> |align=center| ų<br /> |align=center| ů<br /> |align=center| v<br /> |align=center| w<br /> |align=center| x<br /> |align=center| y<br /> |align=center| z<br /> |align=center| ž<br /> |-<br /> ! Cyrillic<br /> |align=center| а/я/á<br /> |align=center| å<br /> |align=center| б<br /> |align=center| ц<br /> |align=center| ч<br /> |align=center| д<br /> |align=center| џ<br /> |align=center| е/є/э<br /> |align=center| ѧ<br /> |align=center| ѣ<br /> |align=center| ф<br /> |align=center| г<br /> |align=center| ґ<br /> |align=center| х<br /> |align=center| и/i<br /> |align=center| j<br /> |align=center| й<br /> |align=center| к<br /> |align=center| л<br /> |align=center| м<br /> |align=center| н<br /> |align=center| о/ё/ó<br /> |align=center| ô<br /> |align=center| п<br /> |align=center| р<br /> |align=center| ҏ<br /> |align=center| с<br /> |align=center| s<br /> |align=center| ш<br /> |align=center| т<br /> |align=center| у/ю/ӯ<br /> |align=center| ų<br /> |align=center| ъ<br /> |align=center| в<br /> |align=center| ў<br /> |align=center| ќ<br /> |align=center| ы<br /> |align=center| з<br /> |align=center| ж<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===Pronunciation===<br /> <br /> Every letter is pronounced in the only way, so it is easy to start reading Novoslovnica after learning the alphabet and the phonology of the language.<br /> <br /> ====Consonants====<br /> {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;1&quot; cellspacing=&quot;1&quot; class=&quot;bluetable lightbluebg&quot;<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 66px; text-align: center; &quot;|Bilabial<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 66px; text-align: center; &quot;|Labio-dental<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 66px; text-align: center; &quot;|Dental<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 66px; text-align: center; &quot;|Alveolar<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 66px; text-align: center; &quot;|Post-alveolar<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 66px; text-align: center; &quot;|Palatal<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 66px; text-align: center; &quot;|Labio-velar<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 66px; text-align: center; &quot;|Velar<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 66px; text-align: center; &quot;|Glottal<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 66px; &quot;|<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|m /m/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|n /n/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center; &quot;|Nasal<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|p /p/ b /b/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|t /t/ d /d/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|k /k/ ĝ /g/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center; &quot;|Plosive<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|f /f/ v /v/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|θ /θ/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|s /s/ z /z/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;| š /ʂ/ ž /ʐ/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|j /ʝ/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|x /x/ g /ɣ/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center; &quot;|Fricative<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|w /ʋ/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|ĵ /j/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center; &quot;|Approximant<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|r /r/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center; &quot;|Trill<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|l /l/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center; &quot;|Lateral<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ====Vowels====<br /> The stress is movable, but it tends to the first syllable of the word's root.<br /> {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;1&quot; cellspacing=&quot;1&quot; class=&quot;bluetable lightbluebg&quot;<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 90px; text-align: center; &quot;|Front<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 90px; text-align: center; &quot;|Near-front<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 90px; text-align: center; &quot;|Central<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 90px; text-align: center; &quot;|Near-back<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 90px; text-align: center; &quot;|Back<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 90px; &quot;|<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|ï /i/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|y /ɨ/ ü /ʉ/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|u /u/<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center; &quot;|Close<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|i /ɪ/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|ě /ɪ̈/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|ô /ʊ/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center; &quot;|Near-close<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|ë /e/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|e /ɘ/ ö /ɵ/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|o /o/<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center; &quot;|Close-mid<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|ů /ə/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center; &quot;|Mid<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|å /ʌ/<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center; &quot;|Open-mid<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|ä /æ/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center; &quot;|Near-open<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|a /a/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center; &quot;|Open<br /> |}<br /> <br /> Vowels distinguish on long and short ones. In writing the long vowel is determinated by the akut on the letter ov the vowel. Vowels ''a'', ''e'', ''o'' and ''u'' can be long and short, other can be only short.<br /> <br /> ==Grammar==<br /> <br /> ===Articles===<br /> <br /> There are three determinative articles: ''ůt/to/ta/te'', ''ův/vo/va/ve'' and ''ůn/no/na/ne''.<br /> Articles are required when it's necessary to clear the object spoken about. The difference between the three articles is in position of the object. The ''ůt'' article is used when we can not see the object. The ''ůn'' article is used when we can see the object, but it is far from us. The ''ův'' article is used when we can see the object and it is close to us.<br /> <br /> ===Nouns===<br /> <br /> There are three numbers and 9 cases in Novoslovnica. Also there are three genders - masculine, feminine and neutral.<br /> <br /> :''dom'' - masculine<br /> :''voda'' - feminine<br /> :''slonco'' - neutral<br /> <br /> There are 3 paradigms, which determines practically how the very word changes in cases.<br /> <br /> {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;1&quot; cellspacing=&quot;1&quot; class=&quot;bluetable lightbluebg&quot;<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 90px; &quot;|<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 90px; text-align: center; &quot;|1A<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 90px; text-align: center; &quot;|1B<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 90px; text-align: center; &quot;|2A<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 90px; text-align: center; &quot;|2B<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 90px; text-align: center; &quot;|3A<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 90px; text-align: center; &quot;|3B<br /> |-<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Nominative<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Voda<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Dädä<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Dųb<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Slonco<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Dver'<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Vremę<br /> |-<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Genitive<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Vody<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Dädï<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Dųba<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Slonca<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Dverï<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Vremenï<br /> |-<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Partitive<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Vody<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Dädï<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Dųbu<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Sloncu<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Dverï<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Vremenï<br /> |-<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Accusative<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Vodu<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Dädü<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Dųb<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Slonco<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Dver'<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Vremę<br /> |-<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Dative<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Vodě<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Dädě<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Dųbu<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Sloncu<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Dverï<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Vremenï<br /> |-<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Instrumentative<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Vodoĵ<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Dädëĵ<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Dųbom<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|SLoncom<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Dveriü<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Vremenëm<br /> |-<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Prepositive<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|O vodě<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|O dädě<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|O dųbě<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|O sloncě<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|O dverě<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|O vremeně<br /> |-<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Locative<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|V vodji<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Dädji<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|V dųbu<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|V sloncu<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Dverji<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Vo vremenji<br /> |-<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Vocative<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Vodo<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Dädö<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Dųbe<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Slonce<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Dverï<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Vremų<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===Adjectives===<br /> <br /> Adjectives always precede the noun they're related to.<br /> <br /> There are full and brief adjectives.<br /> <br /> {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;1&quot; cellspacing=&quot;1&quot; class=&quot;bluetable lightbluebg&quot;<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 90px; &quot;|<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 90px; text-align: center; &quot;|masc, firm<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 90px; text-align: center; &quot;|masc, soft<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 90px; text-align: center; &quot;|fem, firm<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 90px; text-align: center; &quot;|fem,soft<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 90px; text-align: center; &quot;|neu, firm<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 90px; text-align: center; &quot;|neu, soft<br /> |-<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Nominative<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Krasnyĵ<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> |-<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Genitive<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Krasnoga<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> |-<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Partitive<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Krasnogu<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> |-<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Accusative<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Krasnogo<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> |-<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Dative<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Krasnomu<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> |-<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Instrumentative<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Krasnym<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> |-<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Prepositive<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|O Krasnom<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> |-<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Locative<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|V Krasnomu<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> |-<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Vocative<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Krasnyĵ<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===Adverbs===<br /> <br /> Adverbs may be identified by adding ''-e'' to an stem of the adjective.<br /> :''jasno'' (clear) → ''jasne'' (clearly)<br /> <br /> ===Pronouns===<br /> <br /> ====Personal pronouns====<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Novbasa !! English<br /> |-<br /> | ''Ja'' || I<br /> |-<br /> | ''ty'' || you<br /> |-<br /> | ''On''/''Ona''/''Ono'' || he/she/it<br /> |-<br /> | ''Ma'' || we two<br /> |-<br /> | ''Va'' || you two<br /> |-<br /> | ''Ona'' || they two<br /> |-<br /> | ''My'' || we<br /> |-<br /> | ''Vy'' || you<br /> |-<br /> | ''Oni'' || they<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ====Possessive pronouns====<br /> <br /> Possessive pronouns change in cases quite as adjectives.<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Novbasa !! English<br /> |-<br /> | ''môĵ'' || I, mine<br /> |-<br /> | ''tvôĵ'' || your, yours<br /> |-<br /> | ''jegôĵ''/''jejôĵ'' || his/her, his/hers<br /> |-<br /> | ''naš'' || our, ours<br /> |-<br /> | ''vaš'' || your, yours<br /> |-<br /> | ''Ihniĵ'' || their, theirs<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ====Interrogative pronouns====<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Novbasa !! English<br /> |-<br /> | ''kto'' || who<br /> |-<br /> | ''čto'' || what<br /> |-<br /> | ''dy'' || when<br /> |-<br /> | ''de'' || where<br /> |-<br /> | ''kak'' || how<br /> |-<br /> | ''začto'' || why<br /> |-<br /> | ''kolïko'' || how much<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===Verbs===<br /> <br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Tense !! Novbasa !! English<br /> |-<br /> | Infinitive || ''strojati'' || to build<br /> |-<br /> | Present || ''ja strojam'' || I build<br /> |-<br /> | Present perfect || ''ja sům strojal'' || I have built<br /> |-<br /> | Past || ''Ja strojah'' || I built<br /> |-<br /> | Past perfect || ''Ja byh strojal'' || I had built<br /> |-<br /> | Future || ''Ja hte strojam'' || I will build<br /> |-<br /> | Near future || ''Ja budu strojati'' || I am going to build<br /> |-<br /> | Conditional || ''Ja bih strojal'' || I would build<br /> |-<br /> | Imperative || ''Stroj(aĵ)!'' || build!<br /> |-<br /> | Present Participle || ''Strojačiĵ'' || building<br /> |-<br /> | Past Participle || ''Strojan'' || built<br /> |}<br /> <br /> There are 4 different types of conjuction. Their conjuction depends on what vowels is on the end of the verb's stem. These vowels are: ''a'', ''e'', ''i'', ''u''.<br /> <br /> The reflexive is formed by putting ''sę'' before the verb.<br /> <br /> The passive is formed by dealing with the verb ''byti'' and past participle of the verb.<br /> <br /> ====Byti====<br /> <br /> ''Byti'' (&quot;to be&quot;) is one of irregular verbs.<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Tense !! Novbasa !! English<br /> |-<br /> | Infinitive || ''Byti'' || to be<br /> |-<br /> | Present || ''Ja sům'' || I am<br /> |-<br /> | Present perfect || ''Ja sům byl'' || I have been<br /> |-<br /> | Past || ''Ja byh'' || I was<br /> |-<br /> | Past pefect || ''Ja byh byl'' || I had been<br /> |-<br /> | Future || ''Ja hte sům'' || I will be<br /> |-<br /> | Near future || ''Ja budu'' || I am going to be<br /> |-<br /> | Conditional || ''Ja byh byl'' || I would be<br /> |-<br /> | Imperative || ''Bud'! '' || be!<br /> |-<br /> | Present Participle || ''Sųštyĵ'' || being<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===Numerals===<br /> <br /> ====Сardinal====<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Number !! Cardinal !! Number !! Cardinal<br /> |-<br /> | 0 || ''nôl' '' || 11 || ''jedennaĵčě''<br /> |-<br /> | 1 || ''jeden'' || 20 || ''dvaĵčě''<br /> |-<br /> | 2 || ''dva'' || 21 || ''dvaĵčě i jeden''<br /> |-<br /> | 3 || ''tri'' || 30 || ''triĵčě''<br /> |-<br /> | 4 || ''četyri'' || 40 || ''četyridesět''<br /> |-<br /> | 5 || ''pět '' || 50 || ''pětdesět''<br /> |-<br /> | 6 || ''šest'' || 100 || ''sto''<br /> |-<br /> | 7 || ''sedem'' || 200 || ''dvěstě''<br /> |-<br /> | 8 || ''osem'' || 237 || ''dvěstě triĵčě sedem''<br /> |-<br /> | 9 || ''devět'' || 1000 || ''tysęča''<br /> |-<br /> | 10 || ''desět'' || 2000 || ''dvě tysęčy''<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ====Ordinal====<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Number !! Cardinal !! Number !! Cardinal<br /> |-<br /> | 0 || ''nôlövyĵ'' || 11 || ''jedennaĵčětyĵ''<br /> |-<br /> | 1 || ''půrvyĵ'' || 20 || ''dvaĵčětyĵ''<br /> |-<br /> | 2 || ''vtoryĵ'' || 21 || ''dvaĵčě půrvyĵ''<br /> |-<br /> | 3 || ''tretïĵ'' || 30 || ''triĵčětyĵ''<br /> |-<br /> | 4 || ''četvůrtyĵ'' || 40 || ''četyriĵčětyĵ''<br /> |-<br /> | 5 || ''pětyĵ'' || 50 || ''pětdesětyĵ''<br /> |-<br /> | 6 || ''šestyĵ'' || 100 || ''stotyĵ''<br /> |-<br /> | 7 || ''sedmyĵ'' || 200 || ''dvôhsůtyĵ''<br /> |-<br /> | 8 || ''osmyĵ'' || 237 || ''dvěstě triĵčě sedmyĵ''<br /> |-<br /> | 9 || ''devětyĵ'' || 1000 || ''tysęčnyĵ''<br /> |-<br /> | 10 || ''desětyĵ'' || 2000 || ''dvôhtysęčnyĵ''<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==Lexicon==<br /> <br /> Lexicon is made up from all slavonic languages. Now the vocabulary of Novoslovnica is about 2,5 thousand words and is developing.<br /> <br /> ==Translations==<br /> <br /> ===Sample translations===<br /> <br /> '''All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood.'''&lt;br/&gt;<br /> '''Vsě lüdski sųštestvy su rođany svobodnymi i råvnymi v dostoĵnostï i pravah. Oni su obdareny råzumom i sověstïü i musüt postųpati jeden do drugoga v duhu bratstva.'''<br /> <br /> '''Language is the human ability to acquire and use complex systems of communication, and a language is any specific example of such a system. The scientific study of language is called linguistics. Estimates of the number of languages in the world vary between 5,000 and 7,000. However, any precise estimate depends on a partly arbitrary distinction between languages and dialects.''' &lt;br/&gt;<br /> '''Jazyk je lüdsko uměnië zjiskati i korystovati složny uklady občövanä, i jazyk je vsęk konkreten priklad ovoï uklady. Naučno izučene jazykov sę zova lingvistikoĵ. Ocěna ličovstva jazykov sę měnäje među pětïü i sedemïü tysęčami. Jednak, vsęky ocěny zavïsut od častične sámovôľnoga råzličenä jazykov i dïalektov.'''<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> <br /> *[http://cals.conlang.org/language/novoslovnica/] Novoslovnica in CALS<br /> *[http://nowoslownica.org] The official page of the language<br /> *[http://conworkshop.com/view_language.php?l=NSL] The page on ConWorkShop<br /> *[http://nsl.nowoslownica.org] The wiki in Novoslovnica<br /> <br /> <br /> [[Category:Languages]]<br /> [[Category:Conlangs]]<br /> [[Category:Slavic languages]]</div>

Eakarpov https://linguifex.com/w/index.php?title=Novoslovnica&diff=37677 2015-07-30T18:50:58Z

<p>Eakarpov: /* Lexicon */</p> <hr /> <div>{{Infobox language<br /> |name = Novoslovnica<br /> |nativename = Новословница<br /> |pronunciation = [novo'slovnica]<br /> |speakers = <br /> |date = <br /> |familycolor = Indo-European<br /> |fam1 = [[w:Conlang|Conlang]]<br /> |creator = [[User:eakarpov|Yegor Karpov]]<br /> |created = 2014<br /> |setting = <br /> |posteriori = <br /> |script = [[w:Cyrillic script|Cyrillic]], [[w:Latin script|Latin]]<br /> |image = <br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''Novoslovnica''' is a [[constructed language]] created by Yegor Karpov in 2014. Its name is composed by the words ''nov'' (&quot;new&quot;) and ''slovo'' (&quot;word&quot;). Its main features are lexical purism, wealthy phonology and logical stucture. <br /> <br /> ==Phonology and orthography==<br /> <br /> ===Alphabet===<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> ! Latin<br /> |align=center| a/ä/á<br /> |align=center| å<br /> |align=center| b<br /> |align=center| c<br /> |align=center| č<br /> |align=center| d<br /> |align=center| đ<br /> |align=center| e/ë/é<br /> |align=center| ę<br /> |align=center| ě<br /> |align=center| f<br /> |align=center| g<br /> |align=center| ĝ<br /> |align=center| h<br /> |align=center| i/ï<br /> |align=center| j<br /> |align=center| ĵ<br /> |align=center| k<br /> |align=center| l<br /> |align=center| m<br /> |align=center| n<br /> |align=center| o/ö/ó<br /> |align=center| ô<br /> |align=center| p<br /> |align=center| r<br /> |align=center| ř<br /> |align=center| s<br /> |align=center| ŝ<br /> |align=center| š<br /> |align=center| t<br /> |align=center| u/ü/ú<br /> |align=center| ų<br /> |align=center| ů<br /> |align=center| v<br /> |align=center| w<br /> |align=center| x<br /> |align=center| y<br /> |align=center| z<br /> |align=center| ž<br /> |-<br /> ! Cyrillic<br /> |align=center| а/я/á<br /> |align=center| å<br /> |align=center| б<br /> |align=center| ц<br /> |align=center| ч<br /> |align=center| д<br /> |align=center| џ<br /> |align=center| е/є/э<br /> |align=center| ѧ<br /> |align=center| ѣ<br /> |align=center| ф<br /> |align=center| г<br /> |align=center| ґ<br /> |align=center| х<br /> |align=center| и/i<br /> |align=center| j<br /> |align=center| й<br /> |align=center| к<br /> |align=center| л<br /> |align=center| м<br /> |align=center| н<br /> |align=center| о/ё/ó<br /> |align=center| ô<br /> |align=center| п<br /> |align=center| р<br /> |align=center| ҏ<br /> |align=center| с<br /> |align=center| s<br /> |align=center| ш<br /> |align=center| т<br /> |align=center| у/ю/ӯ<br /> |align=center| ų<br /> |align=center| ъ<br /> |align=center| в<br /> |align=center| ў<br /> |align=center| ќ<br /> |align=center| ы<br /> |align=center| з<br /> |align=center| ж<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===Pronunciation===<br /> <br /> Every letter is pronounced in the only way, so it is easy to start reading Novoslovnica after learning the alphabet and the phonology of the language.<br /> <br /> ====Consonants====<br /> {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;1&quot; cellspacing=&quot;1&quot; class=&quot;bluetable lightbluebg&quot;<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 66px; text-align: center; &quot;|Bilabial<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 66px; text-align: center; &quot;|Labio-dental<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 66px; text-align: center; &quot;|Dental<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 66px; text-align: center; &quot;|Alveolar<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 66px; text-align: center; &quot;|Post-alveolar<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 66px; text-align: center; &quot;|Palatal<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 66px; text-align: center; &quot;|Labio-velar<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 66px; text-align: center; &quot;|Velar<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 66px; text-align: center; &quot;|Glottal<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 66px; &quot;|<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|m /m/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|n /n/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center; &quot;|Nasal<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|p /p/ b /b/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|t /t/ d /d/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|k /k/ ĝ /g/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center; &quot;|Plosive<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|f /f/ v /v/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|θ /θ/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|s /s/ z /z/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;| š /ʂ/ ž /ʐ/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|j /ʝ/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|x /x/ g /ɣ/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center; &quot;|Fricative<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|w /ʋ/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|ĵ /j/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center; &quot;|Approximant<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|r /r/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center; &quot;|Trill<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|l /l/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center; &quot;|Lateral<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ====Vowels====<br /> The stress is movable, but it tends to the first syllable of the word's root.<br /> {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;1&quot; cellspacing=&quot;1&quot; class=&quot;bluetable lightbluebg&quot;<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 90px; text-align: center; &quot;|Front<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 90px; text-align: center; &quot;|Near-front<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 90px; text-align: center; &quot;|Central<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 90px; text-align: center; &quot;|Near-back<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 90px; text-align: center; &quot;|Back<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 90px; &quot;|<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|ï /i/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|y /ɨ/ ü /ʉ/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|u /u/<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center; &quot;|Close<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|i /ɪ/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|ě /ɪ̈/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|ô /ʊ/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center; &quot;|Near-close<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|ë /e/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|e /ɘ/ ö /ɵ/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|o /o/<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center; &quot;|Close-mid<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|ů /ə/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center; &quot;|Mid<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|å /ʌ/<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center; &quot;|Open-mid<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|ä /æ/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center; &quot;|Near-open<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|a /a/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center; &quot;|Open<br /> |}<br /> <br /> Vowels distinguish on long and short ones. In writing the long vowel is determinated by the akut on the letter ov the vowel. Vowels ''a'', ''e'', ''o'' and ''u'' can be long and short, other can be only short.<br /> <br /> ==Grammar==<br /> <br /> ===Articles===<br /> <br /> There are three determinative articles: ''ůt/to/ta/te'', ''ův/vo/va/ve'' and ''ůn/no/na/ne''.<br /> Articles are required when it's necessary to clear the object spoken about. The difference between the three articles is in position of the object. The ''ůt'' article is used when we can not see the object. The ''ůn'' article is used when we can see the object, but it is far from us. The ''ův'' article is used when we can see the object and it is close to us.<br /> <br /> ===Nouns===<br /> <br /> There are three numbers and 9 cases in Novoslovnica. Also there are three genders - masculine, feminine and neutral.<br /> <br /> :''dom'' - masculine<br /> :''voda'' - feminine<br /> :''slonco'' - neutral<br /> <br /> There are 3 paradigms, which determines practically how the very word changes in cases.<br /> <br /> {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;1&quot; cellspacing=&quot;1&quot; class=&quot;bluetable lightbluebg&quot;<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 90px; &quot;|<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 90px; text-align: center; &quot;|1A<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 90px; text-align: center; &quot;|1B<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 90px; text-align: center; &quot;|2A<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 90px; text-align: center; &quot;|2B<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 90px; text-align: center; &quot;|3A<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 90px; text-align: center; &quot;|3B<br /> |-<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Nominative<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Voda<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Dädä<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Dųb<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Slonco<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Dver'<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Vremę<br /> |-<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Genitive<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Vody<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Dädï<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Dųba<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Slonca<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Dverï<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Vremenï<br /> |-<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Partitive<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Vody<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Dädï<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Dųbu<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Sloncu<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Dverï<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Vremenï<br /> |-<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Accusative<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Vodu<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Dädü<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Dųb<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Slonco<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Dver'<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Vremę<br /> |-<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Dative<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Vodě<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Dädě<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Dųbu<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Sloncu<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Dverï<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Vremenï<br /> |-<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Instrumentative<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Vodoĵ<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Dädëĵ<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Dųbom<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|SLoncom<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Dveriü<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Vremenëm<br /> |-<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Prepositive<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|O vodě<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|O dädě<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|O dųbě<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|O sloncě<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|O dverě<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|O vremeně<br /> |-<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Locative<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|V vodji<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Dädji<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|V dųbu<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|V sloncu<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Dverji<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Vo vremenji<br /> |-<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Vocative<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Vodo<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Dädö<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Dųbe<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Slonce<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Dverï<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Vremų<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===Adjectives===<br /> <br /> Adjectives always precede the noun they're related to.<br /> <br /> There are full and brief adjectives.<br /> <br /> {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;1&quot; cellspacing=&quot;1&quot; class=&quot;bluetable lightbluebg&quot;<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 90px; &quot;|<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 90px; text-align: center; &quot;|masc, firm<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 90px; text-align: center; &quot;|masc, soft<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 90px; text-align: center; &quot;|fem, firm<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 90px; text-align: center; &quot;|fem,soft<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 90px; text-align: center; &quot;|neu, firm<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 90px; text-align: center; &quot;|neu, soft<br /> |-<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Nominative<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Krasnyĵ<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> |-<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Genitive<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Krasnoga<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> |-<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Partitive<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Krasnogu<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> |-<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Accusative<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Krasnogo<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> |-<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Dative<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Krasnomu<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> |-<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Instrumentative<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Krasnym<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> |-<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Prepositive<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|O Krasnom<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> |-<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Locative<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|V Krasnomu<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> |-<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Vocative<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Krasnyĵ<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===Adverbs===<br /> <br /> Adverbs may be identified by adding ''-e'' to an stem of the adjective.<br /> :''jasno'' (clear) → ''jasne'' (clearly)<br /> <br /> ===Pronouns===<br /> <br /> ====Personal pronouns====<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Novbasa !! English<br /> |-<br /> | ''Ja'' || I<br /> |-<br /> | ''ty'' || you<br /> |-<br /> | ''On''/''Ona''/''Ono'' || he/she/it<br /> |-<br /> | ''Ma'' || we two<br /> |-<br /> | ''Va'' || you two<br /> |-<br /> | ''Ona'' || they two<br /> |-<br /> | ''My'' || we<br /> |-<br /> | ''Vy'' || you<br /> |-<br /> | ''Oni'' || they<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ====Possessive pronouns====<br /> <br /> Possessive pronouns change in cases quite as adjectives.<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Novbasa !! English<br /> |-<br /> | ''môĵ'' || I, mine<br /> |-<br /> | ''tvôĵ'' || your, yours<br /> |-<br /> | ''jegôĵ''/''jejôĵ'' || his/her, his/hers<br /> |-<br /> | ''naš'' || our, ours<br /> |-<br /> | ''vaš'' || your, yours<br /> |-<br /> | ''Ihniĵ'' || their, theirs<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ====Interrogative pronouns====<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Novbasa !! English<br /> |-<br /> | ''kto'' || who<br /> |-<br /> | ''čto'' || what<br /> |-<br /> | ''dy'' || when<br /> |-<br /> | ''de'' || where<br /> |-<br /> | ''kak'' || how<br /> |-<br /> | ''začto'' || why<br /> |-<br /> | ''kolïko'' || how much<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===Verbs===<br /> <br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Tense !! Novbasa !! English<br /> |-<br /> | Infinitive || ''strojati'' || to build<br /> |-<br /> | Present || ''ja strojam'' || I build<br /> |-<br /> | Present perfect || ''ja sům strojal'' || I have built<br /> |-<br /> | Past || ''Ja strojah'' || I built<br /> |-<br /> | Past perfect || ''Ja byh strojal'' || I had built<br /> |-<br /> | Future || ''Ja hte strojam'' || I will build<br /> |-<br /> | Near future || ''Ja budu strojati'' || I am going to build<br /> |-<br /> | Conditional || ''Ja bih strojal'' || I would build<br /> |-<br /> | Imperative || ''Stroj(aĵ)!'' || build!<br /> |-<br /> | Present Participle || ''Strojačiĵ'' || building<br /> |-<br /> | Past Participle || ''Strojan'' || built<br /> |}<br /> <br /> There are 4 different types of conjuction. Their conjuction depends on what vowels is on the end of the verb's stem. These vowels are: ''a'', ''e'', ''i'', ''u''.<br /> <br /> The reflexive is formed by putting ''sę'' before the verb.<br /> <br /> The passive is formed by dealing with the verb ''byti'' and past participle of the verb.<br /> <br /> ====Byti====<br /> <br /> ''Byti'' (&quot;to be&quot;) is one of irregular verbs.<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Tense !! Novbasa !! English<br /> |-<br /> | Infinitive || ''Byti'' || to be<br /> |-<br /> | Present || ''Ja sům'' || I am<br /> |-<br /> | Present perfect || ''Ja sům byl'' || I have been<br /> |-<br /> | Past || ''Ja byh'' || I was<br /> |-<br /> | Past pefect || ''Ja byh byl'' || I had been<br /> |-<br /> | Future || ''Ja hte sům'' || I will be<br /> |-<br /> | Near future || ''Ja budu'' || I am going to be<br /> |-<br /> | Conditional || ''Ja byh byl'' || I would be<br /> |-<br /> | Imperative || ''Bud'! '' || be!<br /> |-<br /> | Present Participle || ''Sųštyĵ'' || being<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===Numerals===<br /> <br /> ====Сardinal====<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Number !! Cardinal !! Number !! Cardinal<br /> |-<br /> | 0 || ''nôl' '' || 11 || ''jedennaĵčě''<br /> |-<br /> | 1 || ''jeden'' || 20 || ''dvaĵčě''<br /> |-<br /> | 2 || ''dva'' || 21 || ''dvaĵčě i jeden''<br /> |-<br /> | 3 || ''tri'' || 30 || ''triĵčě''<br /> |-<br /> | 4 || ''četyri'' || 40 || ''četyridesět''<br /> |-<br /> | 5 || ''pět '' || 50 || ''pětdesět''<br /> |-<br /> | 6 || ''šest'' || 100 || ''sto''<br /> |-<br /> | 7 || ''sedem'' || 200 || ''dvěstě''<br /> |-<br /> | 8 || ''osem'' || 237 || ''dvěstě triĵčě sedem''<br /> |-<br /> | 9 || ''devět'' || 1000 || ''tysęča''<br /> |-<br /> | 10 || ''desět'' || 2000 || ''dvě tysęčy''<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ====Ordinal====<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Number !! Cardinal !! Number !! Cardinal<br /> |-<br /> | 0 || ''nôlövyĵ'' || 11 || ''jedennaĵčětyĵ''<br /> |-<br /> | 1 || ''půrvyĵ'' || 20 || ''dvaĵčětyĵ''<br /> |-<br /> | 2 || ''vtoryĵ'' || 21 || ''dvaĵčě půrvyĵ''<br /> |-<br /> | 3 || ''tretïĵ'' || 30 || ''triĵčětyĵ''<br /> |-<br /> | 4 || ''četvůrtyĵ'' || 40 || ''četyriĵčětyĵ''<br /> |-<br /> | 5 || ''pětyĵ'' || 50 || ''pětdesětyĵ''<br /> |-<br /> | 6 || ''šestyĵ'' || 100 || ''stotyĵ''<br /> |-<br /> | 7 || ''sedmyĵ'' || 200 || ''dvôhsůtyĵ''<br /> |-<br /> | 8 || ''osmyĵ'' || 237 || ''dvěstě triĵčě sedmyĵ''<br /> |-<br /> | 9 || ''devětyĵ'' || 1000 || ''tysęčnyĵ''<br /> |-<br /> | 10 || ''desětyĵ'' || 2000 || ''dvôhtysęčnyĵ''<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==Lexicon==<br /> <br /> Lexicon is made up from all slavonic languages. Now the vocabulary of Novoslovnica is about 2,5 thousand words and is developing.<br /> <br /> ==Translations==<br /> <br /> ===Sample translations===<br /> <br /> '''I must give it to him.'''&lt;br/&gt;<br /> '''I musim dati to mu.'''<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> <br /> *[http://cals.conlang.org/language/novoslovnica/] Novoslovnica in CALS<br /> *[http://nowoslownica.org] The official page of the language<br /> *[http://conworkshop.com/view_language.php?l=NSL] The page on ConWorkShop<br /> *[http://nsl.nowoslownica.org] The wiki in Novoslovnica<br /> <br /> <br /> [[Category:Languages]]<br /> [[Category:Conlangs]]<br /> [[Category:Slavic languages]]</div>

Eakarpov https://linguifex.com/w/index.php?title=Novoslovnica&diff=37676 2015-07-30T18:49:12Z

<p>Eakarpov: /* Nouns */</p> <hr /> <div>{{Infobox language<br /> |name = Novoslovnica<br /> |nativename = Новословница<br /> |pronunciation = [novo'slovnica]<br /> |speakers = <br /> |date = <br /> |familycolor = Indo-European<br /> |fam1 = [[w:Conlang|Conlang]]<br /> |creator = [[User:eakarpov|Yegor Karpov]]<br /> |created = 2014<br /> |setting = <br /> |posteriori = <br /> |script = [[w:Cyrillic script|Cyrillic]], [[w:Latin script|Latin]]<br /> |image = <br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''Novoslovnica''' is a [[constructed language]] created by Yegor Karpov in 2014. Its name is composed by the words ''nov'' (&quot;new&quot;) and ''slovo'' (&quot;word&quot;). Its main features are lexical purism, wealthy phonology and logical stucture. <br /> <br /> ==Phonology and orthography==<br /> <br /> ===Alphabet===<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> ! Latin<br /> |align=center| a/ä/á<br /> |align=center| å<br /> |align=center| b<br /> |align=center| c<br /> |align=center| č<br /> |align=center| d<br /> |align=center| đ<br /> |align=center| e/ë/é<br /> |align=center| ę<br /> |align=center| ě<br /> |align=center| f<br /> |align=center| g<br /> |align=center| ĝ<br /> |align=center| h<br /> |align=center| i/ï<br /> |align=center| j<br /> |align=center| ĵ<br /> |align=center| k<br /> |align=center| l<br /> |align=center| m<br /> |align=center| n<br /> |align=center| o/ö/ó<br /> |align=center| ô<br /> |align=center| p<br /> |align=center| r<br /> |align=center| ř<br /> |align=center| s<br /> |align=center| ŝ<br /> |align=center| š<br /> |align=center| t<br /> |align=center| u/ü/ú<br /> |align=center| ų<br /> |align=center| ů<br /> |align=center| v<br /> |align=center| w<br /> |align=center| x<br /> |align=center| y<br /> |align=center| z<br /> |align=center| ž<br /> |-<br /> ! Cyrillic<br /> |align=center| а/я/á<br /> |align=center| å<br /> |align=center| б<br /> |align=center| ц<br /> |align=center| ч<br /> |align=center| д<br /> |align=center| џ<br /> |align=center| е/є/э<br /> |align=center| ѧ<br /> |align=center| ѣ<br /> |align=center| ф<br /> |align=center| г<br /> |align=center| ґ<br /> |align=center| х<br /> |align=center| и/i<br /> |align=center| j<br /> |align=center| й<br /> |align=center| к<br /> |align=center| л<br /> |align=center| м<br /> |align=center| н<br /> |align=center| о/ё/ó<br /> |align=center| ô<br /> |align=center| п<br /> |align=center| р<br /> |align=center| ҏ<br /> |align=center| с<br /> |align=center| s<br /> |align=center| ш<br /> |align=center| т<br /> |align=center| у/ю/ӯ<br /> |align=center| ų<br /> |align=center| ъ<br /> |align=center| в<br /> |align=center| ў<br /> |align=center| ќ<br /> |align=center| ы<br /> |align=center| з<br /> |align=center| ж<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===Pronunciation===<br /> <br /> Every letter is pronounced in the only way, so it is easy to start reading Novoslovnica after learning the alphabet and the phonology of the language.<br /> <br /> ====Consonants====<br /> {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;1&quot; cellspacing=&quot;1&quot; class=&quot;bluetable lightbluebg&quot;<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 66px; text-align: center; &quot;|Bilabial<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 66px; text-align: center; &quot;|Labio-dental<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 66px; text-align: center; &quot;|Dental<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 66px; text-align: center; &quot;|Alveolar<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 66px; text-align: center; &quot;|Post-alveolar<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 66px; text-align: center; &quot;|Palatal<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 66px; text-align: center; &quot;|Labio-velar<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 66px; text-align: center; &quot;|Velar<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 66px; text-align: center; &quot;|Glottal<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 66px; &quot;|<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|m /m/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|n /n/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center; &quot;|Nasal<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|p /p/ b /b/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|t /t/ d /d/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|k /k/ ĝ /g/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center; &quot;|Plosive<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|f /f/ v /v/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|θ /θ/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|s /s/ z /z/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;| š /ʂ/ ž /ʐ/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|j /ʝ/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|x /x/ g /ɣ/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center; &quot;|Fricative<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|w /ʋ/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|ĵ /j/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center; &quot;|Approximant<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|r /r/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center; &quot;|Trill<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|l /l/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center; &quot;|Lateral<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ====Vowels====<br /> The stress is movable, but it tends to the first syllable of the word's root.<br /> {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;1&quot; cellspacing=&quot;1&quot; class=&quot;bluetable lightbluebg&quot;<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 90px; text-align: center; &quot;|Front<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 90px; text-align: center; &quot;|Near-front<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 90px; text-align: center; &quot;|Central<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 90px; text-align: center; &quot;|Near-back<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 90px; text-align: center; &quot;|Back<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 90px; &quot;|<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|ï /i/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|y /ɨ/ ü /ʉ/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|u /u/<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center; &quot;|Close<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|i /ɪ/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|ě /ɪ̈/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|ô /ʊ/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center; &quot;|Near-close<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|ë /e/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|e /ɘ/ ö /ɵ/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|o /o/<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center; &quot;|Close-mid<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|ů /ə/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center; &quot;|Mid<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|å /ʌ/<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center; &quot;|Open-mid<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|ä /æ/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center; &quot;|Near-open<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|a /a/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center; &quot;|Open<br /> |}<br /> <br /> Vowels distinguish on long and short ones. In writing the long vowel is determinated by the akut on the letter ov the vowel. Vowels ''a'', ''e'', ''o'' and ''u'' can be long and short, other can be only short.<br /> <br /> ==Grammar==<br /> <br /> ===Articles===<br /> <br /> There are three determinative articles: ''ůt/to/ta/te'', ''ův/vo/va/ve'' and ''ůn/no/na/ne''.<br /> Articles are required when it's necessary to clear the object spoken about. The difference between the three articles is in position of the object. The ''ůt'' article is used when we can not see the object. The ''ůn'' article is used when we can see the object, but it is far from us. The ''ův'' article is used when we can see the object and it is close to us.<br /> <br /> ===Nouns===<br /> <br /> There are three numbers and 9 cases in Novoslovnica. Also there are three genders - masculine, feminine and neutral.<br /> <br /> :''dom'' - masculine<br /> :''voda'' - feminine<br /> :''slonco'' - neutral<br /> <br /> There are 3 paradigms, which determines practically how the very word changes in cases.<br /> <br /> {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;1&quot; cellspacing=&quot;1&quot; class=&quot;bluetable lightbluebg&quot;<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 90px; &quot;|<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 90px; text-align: center; &quot;|1A<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 90px; text-align: center; &quot;|1B<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 90px; text-align: center; &quot;|2A<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 90px; text-align: center; &quot;|2B<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 90px; text-align: center; &quot;|3A<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 90px; text-align: center; &quot;|3B<br /> |-<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Nominative<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Voda<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Dädä<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Dųb<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Slonco<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Dver'<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Vremę<br /> |-<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Genitive<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Vody<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Dädï<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Dųba<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Slonca<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Dverï<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Vremenï<br /> |-<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Partitive<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Vody<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Dädï<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Dųbu<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Sloncu<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Dverï<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Vremenï<br /> |-<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Accusative<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Vodu<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Dädü<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Dųb<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Slonco<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Dver'<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Vremę<br /> |-<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Dative<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Vodě<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Dädě<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Dųbu<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Sloncu<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Dverï<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Vremenï<br /> |-<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Instrumentative<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Vodoĵ<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Dädëĵ<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Dųbom<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|SLoncom<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Dveriü<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Vremenëm<br /> |-<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Prepositive<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|O vodě<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|O dädě<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|O dųbě<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|O sloncě<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|O dverě<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|O vremeně<br /> |-<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Locative<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|V vodji<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Dädji<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|V dųbu<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|V sloncu<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Dverji<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Vo vremenji<br /> |-<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Vocative<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Vodo<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Dädö<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Dųbe<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Slonce<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Dverï<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Vremų<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===Adjectives===<br /> <br /> Adjectives always precede the noun they're related to.<br /> <br /> There are full and brief adjectives.<br /> <br /> {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;1&quot; cellspacing=&quot;1&quot; class=&quot;bluetable lightbluebg&quot;<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 90px; &quot;|<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 90px; text-align: center; &quot;|masc, firm<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 90px; text-align: center; &quot;|masc, soft<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 90px; text-align: center; &quot;|fem, firm<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 90px; text-align: center; &quot;|fem,soft<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 90px; text-align: center; &quot;|neu, firm<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 90px; text-align: center; &quot;|neu, soft<br /> |-<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Nominative<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Krasnyĵ<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> |-<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Genitive<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Krasnoga<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> |-<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Partitive<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Krasnogu<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> |-<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Accusative<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Krasnogo<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> |-<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Dative<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Krasnomu<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> |-<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Instrumentative<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Krasnym<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> |-<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Prepositive<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|O Krasnom<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> |-<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Locative<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|V Krasnomu<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> |-<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Vocative<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Krasnyĵ<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===Adverbs===<br /> <br /> Adverbs may be identified by adding ''-e'' to an stem of the adjective.<br /> :''jasno'' (clear) → ''jasne'' (clearly)<br /> <br /> ===Pronouns===<br /> <br /> ====Personal pronouns====<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Novbasa !! English<br /> |-<br /> | ''Ja'' || I<br /> |-<br /> | ''ty'' || you<br /> |-<br /> | ''On''/''Ona''/''Ono'' || he/she/it<br /> |-<br /> | ''Ma'' || we two<br /> |-<br /> | ''Va'' || you two<br /> |-<br /> | ''Ona'' || they two<br /> |-<br /> | ''My'' || we<br /> |-<br /> | ''Vy'' || you<br /> |-<br /> | ''Oni'' || they<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ====Possessive pronouns====<br /> <br /> Possessive pronouns change in cases quite as adjectives.<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Novbasa !! English<br /> |-<br /> | ''môĵ'' || I, mine<br /> |-<br /> | ''tvôĵ'' || your, yours<br /> |-<br /> | ''jegôĵ''/''jejôĵ'' || his/her, his/hers<br /> |-<br /> | ''naš'' || our, ours<br /> |-<br /> | ''vaš'' || your, yours<br /> |-<br /> | ''Ihniĵ'' || their, theirs<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ====Interrogative pronouns====<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Novbasa !! English<br /> |-<br /> | ''kto'' || who<br /> |-<br /> | ''čto'' || what<br /> |-<br /> | ''dy'' || when<br /> |-<br /> | ''de'' || where<br /> |-<br /> | ''kak'' || how<br /> |-<br /> | ''začto'' || why<br /> |-<br /> | ''kolïko'' || how much<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===Verbs===<br /> <br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Tense !! Novbasa !! English<br /> |-<br /> | Infinitive || ''strojati'' || to build<br /> |-<br /> | Present || ''ja strojam'' || I build<br /> |-<br /> | Present perfect || ''ja sům strojal'' || I have built<br /> |-<br /> | Past || ''Ja strojah'' || I built<br /> |-<br /> | Past perfect || ''Ja byh strojal'' || I had built<br /> |-<br /> | Future || ''Ja hte strojam'' || I will build<br /> |-<br /> | Near future || ''Ja budu strojati'' || I am going to build<br /> |-<br /> | Conditional || ''Ja bih strojal'' || I would build<br /> |-<br /> | Imperative || ''Stroj(aĵ)!'' || build!<br /> |-<br /> | Present Participle || ''Strojačiĵ'' || building<br /> |-<br /> | Past Participle || ''Strojan'' || built<br /> |}<br /> <br /> There are 4 different types of conjuction. Their conjuction depends on what vowels is on the end of the verb's stem. These vowels are: ''a'', ''e'', ''i'', ''u''.<br /> <br /> The reflexive is formed by putting ''sę'' before the verb.<br /> <br /> The passive is formed by dealing with the verb ''byti'' and past participle of the verb.<br /> <br /> ====Byti====<br /> <br /> ''Byti'' (&quot;to be&quot;) is one of irregular verbs.<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Tense !! Novbasa !! English<br /> |-<br /> | Infinitive || ''Byti'' || to be<br /> |-<br /> | Present || ''Ja sům'' || I am<br /> |-<br /> | Present perfect || ''Ja sům byl'' || I have been<br /> |-<br /> | Past || ''Ja byh'' || I was<br /> |-<br /> | Past pefect || ''Ja byh byl'' || I had been<br /> |-<br /> | Future || ''Ja hte sům'' || I will be<br /> |-<br /> | Near future || ''Ja budu'' || I am going to be<br /> |-<br /> | Conditional || ''Ja byh byl'' || I would be<br /> |-<br /> | Imperative || ''Bud'! '' || be!<br /> |-<br /> | Present Participle || ''Sųštyĵ'' || being<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===Numerals===<br /> <br /> ====Сardinal====<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Number !! Cardinal !! Number !! Cardinal<br /> |-<br /> | 0 || ''nôl' '' || 11 || ''jedennaĵčě''<br /> |-<br /> | 1 || ''jeden'' || 20 || ''dvaĵčě''<br /> |-<br /> | 2 || ''dva'' || 21 || ''dvaĵčě i jeden''<br /> |-<br /> | 3 || ''tri'' || 30 || ''triĵčě''<br /> |-<br /> | 4 || ''četyri'' || 40 || ''četyridesět''<br /> |-<br /> | 5 || ''pět '' || 50 || ''pětdesět''<br /> |-<br /> | 6 || ''šest'' || 100 || ''sto''<br /> |-<br /> | 7 || ''sedem'' || 200 || ''dvěstě''<br /> |-<br /> | 8 || ''osem'' || 237 || ''dvěstě triĵčě sedem''<br /> |-<br /> | 9 || ''devět'' || 1000 || ''tysęča''<br /> |-<br /> | 10 || ''desět'' || 2000 || ''dvě tysęčy''<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ====Ordinal====<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Number !! Cardinal !! Number !! Cardinal<br /> |-<br /> | 0 || ''nôlövyĵ'' || 11 || ''jedennaĵčětyĵ''<br /> |-<br /> | 1 || ''půrvyĵ'' || 20 || ''dvaĵčětyĵ''<br /> |-<br /> | 2 || ''vtoryĵ'' || 21 || ''dvaĵčě půrvyĵ''<br /> |-<br /> | 3 || ''tretïĵ'' || 30 || ''triĵčětyĵ''<br /> |-<br /> | 4 || ''četvůrtyĵ'' || 40 || ''četyriĵčětyĵ''<br /> |-<br /> | 5 || ''pětyĵ'' || 50 || ''pětdesětyĵ''<br /> |-<br /> | 6 || ''šestyĵ'' || 100 || ''stotyĵ''<br /> |-<br /> | 7 || ''sedmyĵ'' || 200 || ''dvôhsůtyĵ''<br /> |-<br /> | 8 || ''osmyĵ'' || 237 || ''dvěstě triĵčě sedmyĵ''<br /> |-<br /> | 9 || ''devětyĵ'' || 1000 || ''tysęčnyĵ''<br /> |-<br /> | 10 || ''desětyĵ'' || 2000 || ''dvôhtysęčnyĵ''<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==Lexicon==<br /> <br /> Lexicon is made up from all slavonic languages.<br /> <br /> <br /> ==Translations==<br /> <br /> ===Sample translations===<br /> <br /> '''I must give it to him.'''&lt;br/&gt;<br /> '''I musim dati to mu.'''<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> <br /> *[http://cals.conlang.org/language/novoslovnica/] Novoslovnica in CALS<br /> *[http://nowoslownica.org] The official page of the language<br /> *[http://conworkshop.com/view_language.php?l=NSL] The page on ConWorkShop<br /> *[http://nsl.nowoslownica.org] The wiki in Novoslovnica<br /> <br /> <br /> [[Category:Languages]]<br /> [[Category:Conlangs]]<br /> [[Category:Slavic languages]]</div>

Eakarpov https://linguifex.com/w/index.php?title=Novoslovnica&diff=37658 2015-07-30T17:30:31Z

<p>Eakarpov: /* Possessive pronouns */</p> <hr /> <div>{{Infobox language<br /> |name = Novoslovnica<br /> |nativename = Новословница<br /> |pronunciation = [novo'slovnica]<br /> |speakers = <br /> |date = <br /> |familycolor = Indo-European<br /> |fam1 = [[w:Conlang|Conlang]]<br /> |creator = [[User:eakarpov|Yegor Karpov]]<br /> |created = 2014<br /> |setting = <br /> |posteriori = <br /> |script = [[w:Cyrillic script|Cyrillic]], [[w:Latin script|Latin]]<br /> |image = <br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''Novoslovnica''' is a [[constructed language]] created by Yegor Karpov in 2014. Its name is composed by the words ''nov'' (&quot;new&quot;) and ''slovo'' (&quot;word&quot;). Its main features are lexical purism, wealthy phonology and logical stucture. <br /> <br /> ==Phonology and orthography==<br /> <br /> ===Alphabet===<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> ! Latin<br /> |align=center| a/ä/á<br /> |align=center| å<br /> |align=center| b<br /> |align=center| c<br /> |align=center| č<br /> |align=center| d<br /> |align=center| đ<br /> |align=center| e/ë/é<br /> |align=center| ę<br /> |align=center| ě<br /> |align=center| f<br /> |align=center| g<br /> |align=center| ĝ<br /> |align=center| h<br /> |align=center| i/ï<br /> |align=center| j<br /> |align=center| ĵ<br /> |align=center| k<br /> |align=center| l<br /> |align=center| m<br /> |align=center| n<br /> |align=center| o/ö/ó<br /> |align=center| ô<br /> |align=center| p<br /> |align=center| r<br /> |align=center| ř<br /> |align=center| s<br /> |align=center| ŝ<br /> |align=center| š<br /> |align=center| t<br /> |align=center| u/ü/ú<br /> |align=center| ų<br /> |align=center| ů<br /> |align=center| v<br /> |align=center| w<br /> |align=center| x<br /> |align=center| y<br /> |align=center| z<br /> |align=center| ž<br /> |-<br /> ! Cyrillic<br /> |align=center| а/я/á<br /> |align=center| å<br /> |align=center| б<br /> |align=center| ц<br /> |align=center| ч<br /> |align=center| д<br /> |align=center| џ<br /> |align=center| е/є/э<br /> |align=center| ѧ<br /> |align=center| ѣ<br /> |align=center| ф<br /> |align=center| г<br /> |align=center| ґ<br /> |align=center| х<br /> |align=center| и/i<br /> |align=center| j<br /> |align=center| й<br /> |align=center| к<br /> |align=center| л<br /> |align=center| м<br /> |align=center| н<br /> |align=center| о/ё/ó<br /> |align=center| ô<br /> |align=center| п<br /> |align=center| р<br /> |align=center| ҏ<br /> |align=center| с<br /> |align=center| s<br /> |align=center| ш<br /> |align=center| т<br /> |align=center| у/ю/ӯ<br /> |align=center| ų<br /> |align=center| ъ<br /> |align=center| в<br /> |align=center| ў<br /> |align=center| ќ<br /> |align=center| ы<br /> |align=center| з<br /> |align=center| ж<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===Pronunciation===<br /> <br /> Every letter is pronounced in the only way, so it is easy to start reading Novoslovnica after learning the alphabet and the phonology of the language.<br /> <br /> ====Consonants====<br /> {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;1&quot; cellspacing=&quot;1&quot; class=&quot;bluetable lightbluebg&quot;<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 66px; text-align: center; &quot;|Bilabial<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 66px; text-align: center; &quot;|Labio-dental<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 66px; text-align: center; &quot;|Dental<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 66px; text-align: center; &quot;|Alveolar<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 66px; text-align: center; &quot;|Post-alveolar<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 66px; text-align: center; &quot;|Palatal<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 66px; text-align: center; &quot;|Labio-velar<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 66px; text-align: center; &quot;|Velar<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 66px; text-align: center; &quot;|Glottal<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 66px; &quot;|<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|m /m/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|n /n/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center; &quot;|Nasal<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|p /p/ b /b/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|t /t/ d /d/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|k /k/ ĝ /g/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center; &quot;|Plosive<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|f /f/ v /v/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|θ /θ/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|s /s/ z /z/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;| š /ʂ/ ž /ʐ/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|j /ʝ/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|x /x/ g /ɣ/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center; &quot;|Fricative<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|w /ʋ/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|ĵ /j/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center; &quot;|Approximant<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|r /r/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center; &quot;|Trill<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|l /l/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center; &quot;|Lateral<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ====Vowels====<br /> The stress is movable, but it tends to the first syllable of the word's root.<br /> {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;1&quot; cellspacing=&quot;1&quot; class=&quot;bluetable lightbluebg&quot;<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 90px; text-align: center; &quot;|Front<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 90px; text-align: center; &quot;|Near-front<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 90px; text-align: center; &quot;|Central<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 90px; text-align: center; &quot;|Near-back<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 90px; text-align: center; &quot;|Back<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 90px; &quot;|<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|ï /i/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|y /ɨ/ ü /ʉ/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|u /u/<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center; &quot;|Close<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|i /ɪ/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|ě /ɪ̈/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|ô /ʊ/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center; &quot;|Near-close<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|ë /e/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|e /ɘ/ ö /ɵ/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|o /o/<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center; &quot;|Close-mid<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|ů /ə/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center; &quot;|Mid<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|å /ʌ/<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center; &quot;|Open-mid<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|ä /æ/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center; &quot;|Near-open<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|a /a/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center; &quot;|Open<br /> |}<br /> <br /> Vowels distinguish on long and short ones. In writing the long vowel is determinated by the akut on the letter ov the vowel. Vowels ''a'', ''e'', ''o'' and ''u'' can be long and short, other can be only short.<br /> <br /> ==Grammar==<br /> <br /> ===Articles===<br /> <br /> There are three determinative articles: ''ůt/to/ta/te'', ''ův/vo/va/ve'' and ''ůn/no/na/ne''.<br /> Articles are required when it's necessary to clear the object spoken about. The difference between the three articles is in position of the object. The ''ůt'' article is used when we can not see the object. The ''ůn'' article is used when we can see the object, but it is far from us. The ''ův'' article is used when we can see the object and it is close to us.<br /> <br /> ===Nouns===<br /> <br /> There are three numbers and 9 cases in Novoslovnica. Also there are three genders - masculine, feminine and neutral.<br /> <br /> :''dom'' - masculine<br /> :''voda'' - feminine<br /> :''slonco'' - neutral<br /> <br /> There are 3 paradigms, which determines practically how the very word changes in cases.<br /> <br /> {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;1&quot; cellspacing=&quot;1&quot; class=&quot;bluetable lightbluebg&quot;<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 90px; &quot;|<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 90px; text-align: center; &quot;|1A<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 90px; text-align: center; &quot;|1B<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 90px; text-align: center; &quot;|2A<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 90px; text-align: center; &quot;|2B<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 90px; text-align: center; &quot;|3A<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 90px; text-align: center; &quot;|3B<br /> |-<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Nominative<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Voda<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> |-<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Genitive<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Vody<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> |-<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Partitive<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Vody<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> |-<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Accusative<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Vodu<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> |-<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Dative<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Vodě<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> |-<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Instrumentative<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Vodoĵ<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> |-<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Prepositive<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|O Vodě<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> |-<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Locative<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|V Vodï<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> |-<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Vocative<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Vodo<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===Adjectives===<br /> <br /> Adjectives always precede the noun they're related to.<br /> <br /> There are full and brief adjectives.<br /> <br /> {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;1&quot; cellspacing=&quot;1&quot; class=&quot;bluetable lightbluebg&quot;<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 90px; &quot;|<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 90px; text-align: center; &quot;|masc, firm<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 90px; text-align: center; &quot;|masc, soft<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 90px; text-align: center; &quot;|fem, firm<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 90px; text-align: center; &quot;|fem,soft<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 90px; text-align: center; &quot;|neu, firm<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 90px; text-align: center; &quot;|neu, soft<br /> |-<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Nominative<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Krasnyĵ<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> |-<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Genitive<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Krasnoga<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> |-<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Partitive<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Krasnogu<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> |-<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Accusative<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Krasnogo<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> |-<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Dative<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Krasnomu<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> |-<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Instrumentative<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Krasnym<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> |-<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Prepositive<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|O Krasnom<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> |-<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Locative<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|V Krasnomu<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> |-<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Vocative<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Krasnyĵ<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===Adverbs===<br /> <br /> Adverbs may be identified by adding ''-e'' to an stem of the adjective.<br /> :''jasno'' (clear) → ''jasne'' (clearly)<br /> <br /> ===Pronouns===<br /> <br /> ====Personal pronouns====<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Novbasa !! English<br /> |-<br /> | ''Ja'' || I<br /> |-<br /> | ''ty'' || you<br /> |-<br /> | ''On''/''Ona''/''Ono'' || he/she/it<br /> |-<br /> | ''Ma'' || we two<br /> |-<br /> | ''Va'' || you two<br /> |-<br /> | ''Ona'' || they two<br /> |-<br /> | ''My'' || we<br /> |-<br /> | ''Vy'' || you<br /> |-<br /> | ''Oni'' || they<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ====Possessive pronouns====<br /> <br /> Possessive pronouns change in cases quite as adjectives.<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Novbasa !! English<br /> |-<br /> | ''môĵ'' || I, mine<br /> |-<br /> | ''tvôĵ'' || your, yours<br /> |-<br /> | ''jegôĵ''/''jejôĵ'' || his/her, his/hers<br /> |-<br /> | ''naš'' || our, ours<br /> |-<br /> | ''vaš'' || your, yours<br /> |-<br /> | ''Ihniĵ'' || their, theirs<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ====Interrogative pronouns====<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Novbasa !! English<br /> |-<br /> | ''kto'' || who<br /> |-<br /> | ''čto'' || what<br /> |-<br /> | ''dy'' || when<br /> |-<br /> | ''de'' || where<br /> |-<br /> | ''kak'' || how<br /> |-<br /> | ''začto'' || why<br /> |-<br /> | ''kolïko'' || how much<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===Verbs===<br /> <br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Tense !! Novbasa !! English<br /> |-<br /> | Infinitive || ''strojati'' || to build<br /> |-<br /> | Present || ''ja strojam'' || I build<br /> |-<br /> | Present perfect || ''ja sům strojal'' || I have built<br /> |-<br /> | Past || ''Ja strojah'' || I built<br /> |-<br /> | Past perfect || ''Ja byh strojal'' || I had built<br /> |-<br /> | Future || ''Ja hte strojam'' || I will build<br /> |-<br /> | Near future || ''Ja budu strojati'' || I am going to build<br /> |-<br /> | Conditional || ''Ja bih strojal'' || I would build<br /> |-<br /> | Imperative || ''Stroj(aĵ)!'' || build!<br /> |-<br /> | Present Participle || ''Strojačiĵ'' || building<br /> |-<br /> | Past Participle || ''Strojan'' || built<br /> |}<br /> <br /> There are 4 different types of conjuction. Their conjuction depends on what vowels is on the end of the verb's stem. These vowels are: ''a'', ''e'', ''i'', ''u''.<br /> <br /> The reflexive is formed by putting ''sę'' before the verb.<br /> <br /> The passive is formed by dealing with the verb ''byti'' and past participle of the verb.<br /> <br /> ====Byti====<br /> <br /> ''Byti'' (&quot;to be&quot;) is one of irregular verbs.<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Tense !! Novbasa !! English<br /> |-<br /> | Infinitive || ''Byti'' || to be<br /> |-<br /> | Present || ''Ja sům'' || I am<br /> |-<br /> | Present perfect || ''Ja sům byl'' || I have been<br /> |-<br /> | Past || ''Ja byh'' || I was<br /> |-<br /> | Past pefect || ''Ja byh byl'' || I had been<br /> |-<br /> | Future || ''Ja hte sům'' || I will be<br /> |-<br /> | Near future || ''Ja budu'' || I am going to be<br /> |-<br /> | Conditional || ''Ja byh byl'' || I would be<br /> |-<br /> | Imperative || ''Bud'! '' || be!<br /> |-<br /> | Present Participle || ''Sųštyĵ'' || being<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===Numerals===<br /> <br /> ====Сardinal====<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Number !! Cardinal !! Number !! Cardinal<br /> |-<br /> | 0 || ''nôl' '' || 11 || ''jedennaĵčě''<br /> |-<br /> | 1 || ''jeden'' || 20 || ''dvaĵčě''<br /> |-<br /> | 2 || ''dva'' || 21 || ''dvaĵčě i jeden''<br /> |-<br /> | 3 || ''tri'' || 30 || ''triĵčě''<br /> |-<br /> | 4 || ''četyri'' || 40 || ''četyridesět''<br /> |-<br /> | 5 || ''pět '' || 50 || ''pětdesět''<br /> |-<br /> | 6 || ''šest'' || 100 || ''sto''<br /> |-<br /> | 7 || ''sedem'' || 200 || ''dvěstě''<br /> |-<br /> | 8 || ''osem'' || 237 || ''dvěstě triĵčě sedem''<br /> |-<br /> | 9 || ''devět'' || 1000 || ''tysęča''<br /> |-<br /> | 10 || ''desět'' || 2000 || ''dvě tysęčy''<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ====Ordinal====<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Number !! Cardinal !! Number !! Cardinal<br /> |-<br /> | 0 || ''nôlövyĵ'' || 11 || ''jedennaĵčětyĵ''<br /> |-<br /> | 1 || ''půrvyĵ'' || 20 || ''dvaĵčětyĵ''<br /> |-<br /> | 2 || ''vtoryĵ'' || 21 || ''dvaĵčě půrvyĵ''<br /> |-<br /> | 3 || ''tretïĵ'' || 30 || ''triĵčětyĵ''<br /> |-<br /> | 4 || ''četvůrtyĵ'' || 40 || ''četyriĵčětyĵ''<br /> |-<br /> | 5 || ''pětyĵ'' || 50 || ''pětdesětyĵ''<br /> |-<br /> | 6 || ''šestyĵ'' || 100 || ''stotyĵ''<br /> |-<br /> | 7 || ''sedmyĵ'' || 200 || ''dvôhsůtyĵ''<br /> |-<br /> | 8 || ''osmyĵ'' || 237 || ''dvěstě triĵčě sedmyĵ''<br /> |-<br /> | 9 || ''devětyĵ'' || 1000 || ''tysęčnyĵ''<br /> |-<br /> | 10 || ''desětyĵ'' || 2000 || ''dvôhtysęčnyĵ''<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==Lexicon==<br /> <br /> Lexicon is made up from all slavonic languages.<br /> <br /> <br /> ==Translations==<br /> <br /> ===Sample translations===<br /> <br /> '''I must give it to him.'''&lt;br/&gt;<br /> '''I musim dati to mu.'''<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> <br /> *[http://cals.conlang.org/language/novoslovnica/] Novoslovnica in CALS<br /> *[http://nowoslownica.org] The official page of the language<br /> *[http://conworkshop.com/view_language.php?l=NSL] The page on ConWorkShop<br /> *[http://nsl.nowoslownica.org] The wiki in Novoslovnica<br /> <br /> <br /> [[Category:Languages]]<br /> [[Category:Conlangs]]<br /> [[Category:Slavic languages]]</div>

Eakarpov https://linguifex.com/w/index.php?title=Novoslovnica&diff=37657 2015-07-30T17:29:05Z

<p>Eakarpov: /* Adjectives */</p> <hr /> <div>{{Infobox language<br /> |name = Novoslovnica<br /> |nativename = Новословница<br /> |pronunciation = [novo'slovnica]<br /> |speakers = <br /> |date = <br /> |familycolor = Indo-European<br /> |fam1 = [[w:Conlang|Conlang]]<br /> |creator = [[User:eakarpov|Yegor Karpov]]<br /> |created = 2014<br /> |setting = <br /> |posteriori = <br /> |script = [[w:Cyrillic script|Cyrillic]], [[w:Latin script|Latin]]<br /> |image = <br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''Novoslovnica''' is a [[constructed language]] created by Yegor Karpov in 2014. Its name is composed by the words ''nov'' (&quot;new&quot;) and ''slovo'' (&quot;word&quot;). Its main features are lexical purism, wealthy phonology and logical stucture. <br /> <br /> ==Phonology and orthography==<br /> <br /> ===Alphabet===<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> ! Latin<br /> |align=center| a/ä/á<br /> |align=center| å<br /> |align=center| b<br /> |align=center| c<br /> |align=center| č<br /> |align=center| d<br /> |align=center| đ<br /> |align=center| e/ë/é<br /> |align=center| ę<br /> |align=center| ě<br /> |align=center| f<br /> |align=center| g<br /> |align=center| ĝ<br /> |align=center| h<br /> |align=center| i/ï<br /> |align=center| j<br /> |align=center| ĵ<br /> |align=center| k<br /> |align=center| l<br /> |align=center| m<br /> |align=center| n<br /> |align=center| o/ö/ó<br /> |align=center| ô<br /> |align=center| p<br /> |align=center| r<br /> |align=center| ř<br /> |align=center| s<br /> |align=center| ŝ<br /> |align=center| š<br /> |align=center| t<br /> |align=center| u/ü/ú<br /> |align=center| ų<br /> |align=center| ů<br /> |align=center| v<br /> |align=center| w<br /> |align=center| x<br /> |align=center| y<br /> |align=center| z<br /> |align=center| ž<br /> |-<br /> ! Cyrillic<br /> |align=center| а/я/á<br /> |align=center| å<br /> |align=center| б<br /> |align=center| ц<br /> |align=center| ч<br /> |align=center| д<br /> |align=center| џ<br /> |align=center| е/є/э<br /> |align=center| ѧ<br /> |align=center| ѣ<br /> |align=center| ф<br /> |align=center| г<br /> |align=center| ґ<br /> |align=center| х<br /> |align=center| и/i<br /> |align=center| j<br /> |align=center| й<br /> |align=center| к<br /> |align=center| л<br /> |align=center| м<br /> |align=center| н<br /> |align=center| о/ё/ó<br /> |align=center| ô<br /> |align=center| п<br /> |align=center| р<br /> |align=center| ҏ<br /> |align=center| с<br /> |align=center| s<br /> |align=center| ш<br /> |align=center| т<br /> |align=center| у/ю/ӯ<br /> |align=center| ų<br /> |align=center| ъ<br /> |align=center| в<br /> |align=center| ў<br /> |align=center| ќ<br /> |align=center| ы<br /> |align=center| з<br /> |align=center| ж<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===Pronunciation===<br /> <br /> Every letter is pronounced in the only way, so it is easy to start reading Novoslovnica after learning the alphabet and the phonology of the language.<br /> <br /> ====Consonants====<br /> {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;1&quot; cellspacing=&quot;1&quot; class=&quot;bluetable lightbluebg&quot;<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 66px; text-align: center; &quot;|Bilabial<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 66px; text-align: center; &quot;|Labio-dental<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 66px; text-align: center; &quot;|Dental<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 66px; text-align: center; &quot;|Alveolar<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 66px; text-align: center; &quot;|Post-alveolar<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 66px; text-align: center; &quot;|Palatal<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 66px; text-align: center; &quot;|Labio-velar<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 66px; text-align: center; &quot;|Velar<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 66px; text-align: center; &quot;|Glottal<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 66px; &quot;|<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|m /m/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|n /n/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center; &quot;|Nasal<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|p /p/ b /b/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|t /t/ d /d/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|k /k/ ĝ /g/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center; &quot;|Plosive<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|f /f/ v /v/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|θ /θ/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|s /s/ z /z/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;| š /ʂ/ ž /ʐ/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|j /ʝ/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|x /x/ g /ɣ/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center; &quot;|Fricative<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|w /ʋ/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|ĵ /j/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center; &quot;|Approximant<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|r /r/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center; &quot;|Trill<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|l /l/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center; &quot;|Lateral<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ====Vowels====<br /> The stress is movable, but it tends to the first syllable of the word's root.<br /> {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;1&quot; cellspacing=&quot;1&quot; class=&quot;bluetable lightbluebg&quot;<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 90px; text-align: center; &quot;|Front<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 90px; text-align: center; &quot;|Near-front<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 90px; text-align: center; &quot;|Central<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 90px; text-align: center; &quot;|Near-back<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 90px; text-align: center; &quot;|Back<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 90px; &quot;|<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|ï /i/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|y /ɨ/ ü /ʉ/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|u /u/<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center; &quot;|Close<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|i /ɪ/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|ě /ɪ̈/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|ô /ʊ/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center; &quot;|Near-close<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|ë /e/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|e /ɘ/ ö /ɵ/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|o /o/<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center; &quot;|Close-mid<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|ů /ə/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center; &quot;|Mid<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|å /ʌ/<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center; &quot;|Open-mid<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|ä /æ/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center; &quot;|Near-open<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|a /a/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center; &quot;|Open<br /> |}<br /> <br /> Vowels distinguish on long and short ones. In writing the long vowel is determinated by the akut on the letter ov the vowel. Vowels ''a'', ''e'', ''o'' and ''u'' can be long and short, other can be only short.<br /> <br /> ==Grammar==<br /> <br /> ===Articles===<br /> <br /> There are three determinative articles: ''ůt/to/ta/te'', ''ův/vo/va/ve'' and ''ůn/no/na/ne''.<br /> Articles are required when it's necessary to clear the object spoken about. The difference between the three articles is in position of the object. The ''ůt'' article is used when we can not see the object. The ''ůn'' article is used when we can see the object, but it is far from us. The ''ův'' article is used when we can see the object and it is close to us.<br /> <br /> ===Nouns===<br /> <br /> There are three numbers and 9 cases in Novoslovnica. Also there are three genders - masculine, feminine and neutral.<br /> <br /> :''dom'' - masculine<br /> :''voda'' - feminine<br /> :''slonco'' - neutral<br /> <br /> There are 3 paradigms, which determines practically how the very word changes in cases.<br /> <br /> {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;1&quot; cellspacing=&quot;1&quot; class=&quot;bluetable lightbluebg&quot;<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 90px; &quot;|<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 90px; text-align: center; &quot;|1A<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 90px; text-align: center; &quot;|1B<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 90px; text-align: center; &quot;|2A<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 90px; text-align: center; &quot;|2B<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 90px; text-align: center; &quot;|3A<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 90px; text-align: center; &quot;|3B<br /> |-<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Nominative<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Voda<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> |-<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Genitive<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Vody<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> |-<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Partitive<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Vody<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> |-<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Accusative<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Vodu<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> |-<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Dative<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Vodě<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> |-<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Instrumentative<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Vodoĵ<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> |-<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Prepositive<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|O Vodě<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> |-<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Locative<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|V Vodï<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> |-<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Vocative<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Vodo<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===Adjectives===<br /> <br /> Adjectives always precede the noun they're related to.<br /> <br /> There are full and brief adjectives.<br /> <br /> {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;1&quot; cellspacing=&quot;1&quot; class=&quot;bluetable lightbluebg&quot;<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 90px; &quot;|<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 90px; text-align: center; &quot;|masc, firm<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 90px; text-align: center; &quot;|masc, soft<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 90px; text-align: center; &quot;|fem, firm<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 90px; text-align: center; &quot;|fem,soft<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 90px; text-align: center; &quot;|neu, firm<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 90px; text-align: center; &quot;|neu, soft<br /> |-<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Nominative<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Krasnyĵ<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> |-<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Genitive<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Krasnoga<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> |-<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Partitive<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Krasnogu<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> |-<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Accusative<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Krasnogo<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> |-<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Dative<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Krasnomu<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> |-<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Instrumentative<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Krasnym<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> |-<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Prepositive<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|O Krasnom<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> |-<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Locative<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|V Krasnomu<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> |-<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Vocative<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Krasnyĵ<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===Adverbs===<br /> <br /> Adverbs may be identified by adding ''-e'' to an stem of the adjective.<br /> :''jasno'' (clear) → ''jasne'' (clearly)<br /> <br /> ===Pronouns===<br /> <br /> ====Personal pronouns====<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Novbasa !! English<br /> |-<br /> | ''Ja'' || I<br /> |-<br /> | ''ty'' || you<br /> |-<br /> | ''On''/''Ona''/''Ono'' || he/she/it<br /> |-<br /> | ''Ma'' || we two<br /> |-<br /> | ''Va'' || you two<br /> |-<br /> | ''Ona'' || they two<br /> |-<br /> | ''My'' || we<br /> |-<br /> | ''Vy'' || you<br /> |-<br /> | ''Oni'' || they<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ====Possessive pronouns====<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Novbasa !! English<br /> |-<br /> | ''môĵ'' || I, mine<br /> |-<br /> | ''tvôĵ'' || your, yours<br /> |-<br /> | ''jegôĵ''/''jejôĵ'' || his/her, his/hers<br /> |-<br /> | ''naš'' || our, ours<br /> |-<br /> | ''vaš'' || your, yours<br /> |-<br /> | ''Ihniĵ'' || their, theirs<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ====Interrogative pronouns====<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Novbasa !! English<br /> |-<br /> | ''kto'' || who<br /> |-<br /> | ''čto'' || what<br /> |-<br /> | ''dy'' || when<br /> |-<br /> | ''de'' || where<br /> |-<br /> | ''kak'' || how<br /> |-<br /> | ''začto'' || why<br /> |-<br /> | ''kolïko'' || how much<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===Verbs===<br /> <br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Tense !! Novbasa !! English<br /> |-<br /> | Infinitive || ''strojati'' || to build<br /> |-<br /> | Present || ''ja strojam'' || I build<br /> |-<br /> | Present perfect || ''ja sům strojal'' || I have built<br /> |-<br /> | Past || ''Ja strojah'' || I built<br /> |-<br /> | Past perfect || ''Ja byh strojal'' || I had built<br /> |-<br /> | Future || ''Ja hte strojam'' || I will build<br /> |-<br /> | Near future || ''Ja budu strojati'' || I am going to build<br /> |-<br /> | Conditional || ''Ja bih strojal'' || I would build<br /> |-<br /> | Imperative || ''Stroj(aĵ)!'' || build!<br /> |-<br /> | Present Participle || ''Strojačiĵ'' || building<br /> |-<br /> | Past Participle || ''Strojan'' || built<br /> |}<br /> <br /> There are 4 different types of conjuction. Their conjuction depends on what vowels is on the end of the verb's stem. These vowels are: ''a'', ''e'', ''i'', ''u''.<br /> <br /> The reflexive is formed by putting ''sę'' before the verb.<br /> <br /> The passive is formed by dealing with the verb ''byti'' and past participle of the verb.<br /> <br /> ====Byti====<br /> <br /> ''Byti'' (&quot;to be&quot;) is one of irregular verbs.<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Tense !! Novbasa !! English<br /> |-<br /> | Infinitive || ''Byti'' || to be<br /> |-<br /> | Present || ''Ja sům'' || I am<br /> |-<br /> | Present perfect || ''Ja sům byl'' || I have been<br /> |-<br /> | Past || ''Ja byh'' || I was<br /> |-<br /> | Past pefect || ''Ja byh byl'' || I had been<br /> |-<br /> | Future || ''Ja hte sům'' || I will be<br /> |-<br /> | Near future || ''Ja budu'' || I am going to be<br /> |-<br /> | Conditional || ''Ja byh byl'' || I would be<br /> |-<br /> | Imperative || ''Bud'! '' || be!<br /> |-<br /> | Present Participle || ''Sųštyĵ'' || being<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===Numerals===<br /> <br /> ====Сardinal====<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Number !! Cardinal !! Number !! Cardinal<br /> |-<br /> | 0 || ''nôl' '' || 11 || ''jedennaĵčě''<br /> |-<br /> | 1 || ''jeden'' || 20 || ''dvaĵčě''<br /> |-<br /> | 2 || ''dva'' || 21 || ''dvaĵčě i jeden''<br /> |-<br /> | 3 || ''tri'' || 30 || ''triĵčě''<br /> |-<br /> | 4 || ''četyri'' || 40 || ''četyridesět''<br /> |-<br /> | 5 || ''pět '' || 50 || ''pětdesět''<br /> |-<br /> | 6 || ''šest'' || 100 || ''sto''<br /> |-<br /> | 7 || ''sedem'' || 200 || ''dvěstě''<br /> |-<br /> | 8 || ''osem'' || 237 || ''dvěstě triĵčě sedem''<br /> |-<br /> | 9 || ''devět'' || 1000 || ''tysęča''<br /> |-<br /> | 10 || ''desět'' || 2000 || ''dvě tysęčy''<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ====Ordinal====<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Number !! Cardinal !! Number !! Cardinal<br /> |-<br /> | 0 || ''nôlövyĵ'' || 11 || ''jedennaĵčětyĵ''<br /> |-<br /> | 1 || ''půrvyĵ'' || 20 || ''dvaĵčětyĵ''<br /> |-<br /> | 2 || ''vtoryĵ'' || 21 || ''dvaĵčě půrvyĵ''<br /> |-<br /> | 3 || ''tretïĵ'' || 30 || ''triĵčětyĵ''<br /> |-<br /> | 4 || ''četvůrtyĵ'' || 40 || ''četyriĵčětyĵ''<br /> |-<br /> | 5 || ''pětyĵ'' || 50 || ''pětdesětyĵ''<br /> |-<br /> | 6 || ''šestyĵ'' || 100 || ''stotyĵ''<br /> |-<br /> | 7 || ''sedmyĵ'' || 200 || ''dvôhsůtyĵ''<br /> |-<br /> | 8 || ''osmyĵ'' || 237 || ''dvěstě triĵčě sedmyĵ''<br /> |-<br /> | 9 || ''devětyĵ'' || 1000 || ''tysęčnyĵ''<br /> |-<br /> | 10 || ''desětyĵ'' || 2000 || ''dvôhtysęčnyĵ''<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==Lexicon==<br /> <br /> Lexicon is made up from all slavonic languages.<br /> <br /> <br /> ==Translations==<br /> <br /> ===Sample translations===<br /> <br /> '''I must give it to him.'''&lt;br/&gt;<br /> '''I musim dati to mu.'''<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> <br /> *[http://cals.conlang.org/language/novoslovnica/] Novoslovnica in CALS<br /> *[http://nowoslownica.org] The official page of the language<br /> *[http://conworkshop.com/view_language.php?l=NSL] The page on ConWorkShop<br /> *[http://nsl.nowoslownica.org] The wiki in Novoslovnica<br /> <br /> <br /> [[Category:Languages]]<br /> [[Category:Conlangs]]<br /> [[Category:Slavic languages]]</div>

Eakarpov https://linguifex.com/w/index.php?title=Novoslovnica&diff=37656 2015-07-30T17:26:04Z

<p>Eakarpov: /* Nouns */</p> <hr /> <div>{{Infobox language<br /> |name = Novoslovnica<br /> |nativename = Новословница<br /> |pronunciation = [novo'slovnica]<br /> |speakers = <br /> |date = <br /> |familycolor = Indo-European<br /> |fam1 = [[w:Conlang|Conlang]]<br /> |creator = [[User:eakarpov|Yegor Karpov]]<br /> |created = 2014<br /> |setting = <br /> |posteriori = <br /> |script = [[w:Cyrillic script|Cyrillic]], [[w:Latin script|Latin]]<br /> |image = <br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''Novoslovnica''' is a [[constructed language]] created by Yegor Karpov in 2014. Its name is composed by the words ''nov'' (&quot;new&quot;) and ''slovo'' (&quot;word&quot;). Its main features are lexical purism, wealthy phonology and logical stucture. <br /> <br /> ==Phonology and orthography==<br /> <br /> ===Alphabet===<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> ! Latin<br /> |align=center| a/ä/á<br /> |align=center| å<br /> |align=center| b<br /> |align=center| c<br /> |align=center| č<br /> |align=center| d<br /> |align=center| đ<br /> |align=center| e/ë/é<br /> |align=center| ę<br /> |align=center| ě<br /> |align=center| f<br /> |align=center| g<br /> |align=center| ĝ<br /> |align=center| h<br /> |align=center| i/ï<br /> |align=center| j<br /> |align=center| ĵ<br /> |align=center| k<br /> |align=center| l<br /> |align=center| m<br /> |align=center| n<br /> |align=center| o/ö/ó<br /> |align=center| ô<br /> |align=center| p<br /> |align=center| r<br /> |align=center| ř<br /> |align=center| s<br /> |align=center| ŝ<br /> |align=center| š<br /> |align=center| t<br /> |align=center| u/ü/ú<br /> |align=center| ų<br /> |align=center| ů<br /> |align=center| v<br /> |align=center| w<br /> |align=center| x<br /> |align=center| y<br /> |align=center| z<br /> |align=center| ž<br /> |-<br /> ! Cyrillic<br /> |align=center| а/я/á<br /> |align=center| å<br /> |align=center| б<br /> |align=center| ц<br /> |align=center| ч<br /> |align=center| д<br /> |align=center| џ<br /> |align=center| е/є/э<br /> |align=center| ѧ<br /> |align=center| ѣ<br /> |align=center| ф<br /> |align=center| г<br /> |align=center| ґ<br /> |align=center| х<br /> |align=center| и/i<br /> |align=center| j<br /> |align=center| й<br /> |align=center| к<br /> |align=center| л<br /> |align=center| м<br /> |align=center| н<br /> |align=center| о/ё/ó<br /> |align=center| ô<br /> |align=center| п<br /> |align=center| р<br /> |align=center| ҏ<br /> |align=center| с<br /> |align=center| s<br /> |align=center| ш<br /> |align=center| т<br /> |align=center| у/ю/ӯ<br /> |align=center| ų<br /> |align=center| ъ<br /> |align=center| в<br /> |align=center| ў<br /> |align=center| ќ<br /> |align=center| ы<br /> |align=center| з<br /> |align=center| ж<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===Pronunciation===<br /> <br /> Every letter is pronounced in the only way, so it is easy to start reading Novoslovnica after learning the alphabet and the phonology of the language.<br /> <br /> ====Consonants====<br /> {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;1&quot; cellspacing=&quot;1&quot; class=&quot;bluetable lightbluebg&quot;<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 66px; text-align: center; &quot;|Bilabial<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 66px; text-align: center; &quot;|Labio-dental<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 66px; text-align: center; &quot;|Dental<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 66px; text-align: center; &quot;|Alveolar<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 66px; text-align: center; &quot;|Post-alveolar<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 66px; text-align: center; &quot;|Palatal<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 66px; text-align: center; &quot;|Labio-velar<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 66px; text-align: center; &quot;|Velar<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 66px; text-align: center; &quot;|Glottal<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 66px; &quot;|<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|m /m/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|n /n/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center; &quot;|Nasal<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|p /p/ b /b/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|t /t/ d /d/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|k /k/ ĝ /g/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center; &quot;|Plosive<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|f /f/ v /v/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|θ /θ/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|s /s/ z /z/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;| š /ʂ/ ž /ʐ/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|j /ʝ/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|x /x/ g /ɣ/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center; &quot;|Fricative<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|w /ʋ/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|ĵ /j/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center; &quot;|Approximant<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|r /r/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center; &quot;|Trill<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|l /l/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center; &quot;|Lateral<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ====Vowels====<br /> The stress is movable, but it tends to the first syllable of the word's root.<br /> {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;1&quot; cellspacing=&quot;1&quot; class=&quot;bluetable lightbluebg&quot;<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 90px; text-align: center; &quot;|Front<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 90px; text-align: center; &quot;|Near-front<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 90px; text-align: center; &quot;|Central<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 90px; text-align: center; &quot;|Near-back<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 90px; text-align: center; &quot;|Back<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 90px; &quot;|<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|ï /i/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|y /ɨ/ ü /ʉ/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|u /u/<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center; &quot;|Close<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|i /ɪ/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|ě /ɪ̈/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|ô /ʊ/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center; &quot;|Near-close<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|ë /e/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|e /ɘ/ ö /ɵ/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|o /o/<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center; &quot;|Close-mid<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|ů /ə/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center; &quot;|Mid<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|å /ʌ/<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center; &quot;|Open-mid<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|ä /æ/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center; &quot;|Near-open<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|a /a/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center; &quot;|Open<br /> |}<br /> <br /> Vowels distinguish on long and short ones. In writing the long vowel is determinated by the akut on the letter ov the vowel. Vowels ''a'', ''e'', ''o'' and ''u'' can be long and short, other can be only short.<br /> <br /> ==Grammar==<br /> <br /> ===Articles===<br /> <br /> There are three determinative articles: ''ůt/to/ta/te'', ''ův/vo/va/ve'' and ''ůn/no/na/ne''.<br /> Articles are required when it's necessary to clear the object spoken about. The difference between the three articles is in position of the object. The ''ůt'' article is used when we can not see the object. The ''ůn'' article is used when we can see the object, but it is far from us. The ''ův'' article is used when we can see the object and it is close to us.<br /> <br /> ===Nouns===<br /> <br /> There are three numbers and 9 cases in Novoslovnica. Also there are three genders - masculine, feminine and neutral.<br /> <br /> :''dom'' - masculine<br /> :''voda'' - feminine<br /> :''slonco'' - neutral<br /> <br /> There are 3 paradigms, which determines practically how the very word changes in cases.<br /> <br /> {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;1&quot; cellspacing=&quot;1&quot; class=&quot;bluetable lightbluebg&quot;<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 90px; &quot;|<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 90px; text-align: center; &quot;|1A<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 90px; text-align: center; &quot;|1B<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 90px; text-align: center; &quot;|2A<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 90px; text-align: center; &quot;|2B<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 90px; text-align: center; &quot;|3A<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 90px; text-align: center; &quot;|3B<br /> |-<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Nominative<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Voda<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> |-<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Genitive<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Vody<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> |-<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Partitive<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Vody<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> |-<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Accusative<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Vodu<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> |-<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Dative<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Vodě<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> |-<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Instrumentative<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Vodoĵ<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> |-<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Prepositive<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|O Vodě<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> |-<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Locative<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|V Vodï<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> |-<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Vocative<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Vodo<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===Adjectives===<br /> <br /> Adjectives always precede the noun they're related to.<br /> <br /> There are full and brief adjectives.<br /> <br /> ===Adverbs===<br /> <br /> Adverbs may be identified by adding ''-e'' to an stem of the adjective.<br /> :''jasno'' (clear) → ''jasne'' (clearly)<br /> <br /> ===Pronouns===<br /> <br /> ====Personal pronouns====<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Novbasa !! English<br /> |-<br /> | ''Ja'' || I<br /> |-<br /> | ''ty'' || you<br /> |-<br /> | ''On''/''Ona''/''Ono'' || he/she/it<br /> |-<br /> | ''Ma'' || we two<br /> |-<br /> | ''Va'' || you two<br /> |-<br /> | ''Ona'' || they two<br /> |-<br /> | ''My'' || we<br /> |-<br /> | ''Vy'' || you<br /> |-<br /> | ''Oni'' || they<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ====Possessive pronouns====<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Novbasa !! English<br /> |-<br /> | ''môĵ'' || I, mine<br /> |-<br /> | ''tvôĵ'' || your, yours<br /> |-<br /> | ''jegôĵ''/''jejôĵ'' || his/her, his/hers<br /> |-<br /> | ''naš'' || our, ours<br /> |-<br /> | ''vaš'' || your, yours<br /> |-<br /> | ''Ihniĵ'' || their, theirs<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ====Interrogative pronouns====<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Novbasa !! English<br /> |-<br /> | ''kto'' || who<br /> |-<br /> | ''čto'' || what<br /> |-<br /> | ''dy'' || when<br /> |-<br /> | ''de'' || where<br /> |-<br /> | ''kak'' || how<br /> |-<br /> | ''začto'' || why<br /> |-<br /> | ''kolïko'' || how much<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===Verbs===<br /> <br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Tense !! Novbasa !! English<br /> |-<br /> | Infinitive || ''strojati'' || to build<br /> |-<br /> | Present || ''ja strojam'' || I build<br /> |-<br /> | Present perfect || ''ja sům strojal'' || I have built<br /> |-<br /> | Past || ''Ja strojah'' || I built<br /> |-<br /> | Past perfect || ''Ja byh strojal'' || I had built<br /> |-<br /> | Future || ''Ja hte strojam'' || I will build<br /> |-<br /> | Near future || ''Ja budu strojati'' || I am going to build<br /> |-<br /> | Conditional || ''Ja bih strojal'' || I would build<br /> |-<br /> | Imperative || ''Stroj(aĵ)!'' || build!<br /> |-<br /> | Present Participle || ''Strojačiĵ'' || building<br /> |-<br /> | Past Participle || ''Strojan'' || built<br /> |}<br /> <br /> There are 4 different types of conjuction. Their conjuction depends on what vowels is on the end of the verb's stem. These vowels are: ''a'', ''e'', ''i'', ''u''.<br /> <br /> The reflexive is formed by putting ''sę'' before the verb.<br /> <br /> The passive is formed by dealing with the verb ''byti'' and past participle of the verb.<br /> <br /> ====Byti====<br /> <br /> ''Byti'' (&quot;to be&quot;) is one of irregular verbs.<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Tense !! Novbasa !! English<br /> |-<br /> | Infinitive || ''Byti'' || to be<br /> |-<br /> | Present || ''Ja sům'' || I am<br /> |-<br /> | Present perfect || ''Ja sům byl'' || I have been<br /> |-<br /> | Past || ''Ja byh'' || I was<br /> |-<br /> | Past pefect || ''Ja byh byl'' || I had been<br /> |-<br /> | Future || ''Ja hte sům'' || I will be<br /> |-<br /> | Near future || ''Ja budu'' || I am going to be<br /> |-<br /> | Conditional || ''Ja byh byl'' || I would be<br /> |-<br /> | Imperative || ''Bud'! '' || be!<br /> |-<br /> | Present Participle || ''Sųštyĵ'' || being<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===Numerals===<br /> <br /> ====Сardinal====<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Number !! Cardinal !! Number !! Cardinal<br /> |-<br /> | 0 || ''nôl' '' || 11 || ''jedennaĵčě''<br /> |-<br /> | 1 || ''jeden'' || 20 || ''dvaĵčě''<br /> |-<br /> | 2 || ''dva'' || 21 || ''dvaĵčě i jeden''<br /> |-<br /> | 3 || ''tri'' || 30 || ''triĵčě''<br /> |-<br /> | 4 || ''četyri'' || 40 || ''četyridesět''<br /> |-<br /> | 5 || ''pět '' || 50 || ''pětdesět''<br /> |-<br /> | 6 || ''šest'' || 100 || ''sto''<br /> |-<br /> | 7 || ''sedem'' || 200 || ''dvěstě''<br /> |-<br /> | 8 || ''osem'' || 237 || ''dvěstě triĵčě sedem''<br /> |-<br /> | 9 || ''devět'' || 1000 || ''tysęča''<br /> |-<br /> | 10 || ''desět'' || 2000 || ''dvě tysęčy''<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ====Ordinal====<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Number !! Cardinal !! Number !! Cardinal<br /> |-<br /> | 0 || ''nôlövyĵ'' || 11 || ''jedennaĵčětyĵ''<br /> |-<br /> | 1 || ''půrvyĵ'' || 20 || ''dvaĵčětyĵ''<br /> |-<br /> | 2 || ''vtoryĵ'' || 21 || ''dvaĵčě půrvyĵ''<br /> |-<br /> | 3 || ''tretïĵ'' || 30 || ''triĵčětyĵ''<br /> |-<br /> | 4 || ''četvůrtyĵ'' || 40 || ''četyriĵčětyĵ''<br /> |-<br /> | 5 || ''pětyĵ'' || 50 || ''pětdesětyĵ''<br /> |-<br /> | 6 || ''šestyĵ'' || 100 || ''stotyĵ''<br /> |-<br /> | 7 || ''sedmyĵ'' || 200 || ''dvôhsůtyĵ''<br /> |-<br /> | 8 || ''osmyĵ'' || 237 || ''dvěstě triĵčě sedmyĵ''<br /> |-<br /> | 9 || ''devětyĵ'' || 1000 || ''tysęčnyĵ''<br /> |-<br /> | 10 || ''desětyĵ'' || 2000 || ''dvôhtysęčnyĵ''<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==Lexicon==<br /> <br /> Lexicon is made up from all slavonic languages.<br /> <br /> <br /> ==Translations==<br /> <br /> ===Sample translations===<br /> <br /> '''I must give it to him.'''&lt;br/&gt;<br /> '''I musim dati to mu.'''<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> <br /> *[http://cals.conlang.org/language/novoslovnica/] Novoslovnica in CALS<br /> *[http://nowoslownica.org] The official page of the language<br /> *[http://conworkshop.com/view_language.php?l=NSL] The page on ConWorkShop<br /> *[http://nsl.nowoslownica.org] The wiki in Novoslovnica<br /> <br /> <br /> [[Category:Languages]]<br /> [[Category:Conlangs]]<br /> [[Category:Slavic languages]]</div>

Eakarpov https://linguifex.com/w/index.php?title=Novoslovnica&diff=37655 2015-07-30T17:25:00Z

<p>Eakarpov: /* Nouns */</p> <hr /> <div>{{Infobox language<br /> |name = Novoslovnica<br /> |nativename = Новословница<br /> |pronunciation = [novo'slovnica]<br /> |speakers = <br /> |date = <br /> |familycolor = Indo-European<br /> |fam1 = [[w:Conlang|Conlang]]<br /> |creator = [[User:eakarpov|Yegor Karpov]]<br /> |created = 2014<br /> |setting = <br /> |posteriori = <br /> |script = [[w:Cyrillic script|Cyrillic]], [[w:Latin script|Latin]]<br /> |image = <br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''Novoslovnica''' is a [[constructed language]] created by Yegor Karpov in 2014. Its name is composed by the words ''nov'' (&quot;new&quot;) and ''slovo'' (&quot;word&quot;). Its main features are lexical purism, wealthy phonology and logical stucture. <br /> <br /> ==Phonology and orthography==<br /> <br /> ===Alphabet===<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> ! Latin<br /> |align=center| a/ä/á<br /> |align=center| å<br /> |align=center| b<br /> |align=center| c<br /> |align=center| č<br /> |align=center| d<br /> |align=center| đ<br /> |align=center| e/ë/é<br /> |align=center| ę<br /> |align=center| ě<br /> |align=center| f<br /> |align=center| g<br /> |align=center| ĝ<br /> |align=center| h<br /> |align=center| i/ï<br /> |align=center| j<br /> |align=center| ĵ<br /> |align=center| k<br /> |align=center| l<br /> |align=center| m<br /> |align=center| n<br /> |align=center| o/ö/ó<br /> |align=center| ô<br /> |align=center| p<br /> |align=center| r<br /> |align=center| ř<br /> |align=center| s<br /> |align=center| ŝ<br /> |align=center| š<br /> |align=center| t<br /> |align=center| u/ü/ú<br /> |align=center| ų<br /> |align=center| ů<br /> |align=center| v<br /> |align=center| w<br /> |align=center| x<br /> |align=center| y<br /> |align=center| z<br /> |align=center| ž<br /> |-<br /> ! Cyrillic<br /> |align=center| а/я/á<br /> |align=center| å<br /> |align=center| б<br /> |align=center| ц<br /> |align=center| ч<br /> |align=center| д<br /> |align=center| џ<br /> |align=center| е/є/э<br /> |align=center| ѧ<br /> |align=center| ѣ<br /> |align=center| ф<br /> |align=center| г<br /> |align=center| ґ<br /> |align=center| х<br /> |align=center| и/i<br /> |align=center| j<br /> |align=center| й<br /> |align=center| к<br /> |align=center| л<br /> |align=center| м<br /> |align=center| н<br /> |align=center| о/ё/ó<br /> |align=center| ô<br /> |align=center| п<br /> |align=center| р<br /> |align=center| ҏ<br /> |align=center| с<br /> |align=center| s<br /> |align=center| ш<br /> |align=center| т<br /> |align=center| у/ю/ӯ<br /> |align=center| ų<br /> |align=center| ъ<br /> |align=center| в<br /> |align=center| ў<br /> |align=center| ќ<br /> |align=center| ы<br /> |align=center| з<br /> |align=center| ж<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===Pronunciation===<br /> <br /> Every letter is pronounced in the only way, so it is easy to start reading Novoslovnica after learning the alphabet and the phonology of the language.<br /> <br /> ====Consonants====<br /> {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;1&quot; cellspacing=&quot;1&quot; class=&quot;bluetable lightbluebg&quot;<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 66px; text-align: center; &quot;|Bilabial<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 66px; text-align: center; &quot;|Labio-dental<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 66px; text-align: center; &quot;|Dental<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 66px; text-align: center; &quot;|Alveolar<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 66px; text-align: center; &quot;|Post-alveolar<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 66px; text-align: center; &quot;|Palatal<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 66px; text-align: center; &quot;|Labio-velar<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 66px; text-align: center; &quot;|Velar<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 66px; text-align: center; &quot;|Glottal<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 66px; &quot;|<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|m /m/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|n /n/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center; &quot;|Nasal<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|p /p/ b /b/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|t /t/ d /d/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|k /k/ ĝ /g/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center; &quot;|Plosive<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|f /f/ v /v/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|θ /θ/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|s /s/ z /z/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;| š /ʂ/ ž /ʐ/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|j /ʝ/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|x /x/ g /ɣ/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center; &quot;|Fricative<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|w /ʋ/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|ĵ /j/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center; &quot;|Approximant<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|r /r/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center; &quot;|Trill<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|l /l/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center; &quot;|Lateral<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ====Vowels====<br /> The stress is movable, but it tends to the first syllable of the word's root.<br /> {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;1&quot; cellspacing=&quot;1&quot; class=&quot;bluetable lightbluebg&quot;<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 90px; text-align: center; &quot;|Front<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 90px; text-align: center; &quot;|Near-front<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 90px; text-align: center; &quot;|Central<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 90px; text-align: center; &quot;|Near-back<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 90px; text-align: center; &quot;|Back<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 90px; &quot;|<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|ï /i/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|y /ɨ/ ü /ʉ/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|u /u/<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center; &quot;|Close<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|i /ɪ/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|ě /ɪ̈/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|ô /ʊ/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center; &quot;|Near-close<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|ë /e/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|e /ɘ/ ö /ɵ/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|o /o/<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center; &quot;|Close-mid<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|ů /ə/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center; &quot;|Mid<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|å /ʌ/<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center; &quot;|Open-mid<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|ä /æ/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center; &quot;|Near-open<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|a /a/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center; &quot;|Open<br /> |}<br /> <br /> Vowels distinguish on long and short ones. In writing the long vowel is determinated by the akut on the letter ov the vowel. Vowels ''a'', ''e'', ''o'' and ''u'' can be long and short, other can be only short.<br /> <br /> ==Grammar==<br /> <br /> ===Articles===<br /> <br /> There are three determinative articles: ''ůt/to/ta/te'', ''ův/vo/va/ve'' and ''ůn/no/na/ne''.<br /> Articles are required when it's necessary to clear the object spoken about. The difference between the three articles is in position of the object. The ''ůt'' article is used when we can not see the object. The ''ůn'' article is used when we can see the object, but it is far from us. The ''ův'' article is used when we can see the object and it is close to us.<br /> <br /> ===Nouns===<br /> <br /> There are three numbers and 9 cases in Novoslovnica. Also there are three genders - masculine, feminine and neutral.<br /> <br /> :''dom'' - masculine<br /> :''voda'' - feminine<br /> :''slonco'' - neutral<br /> <br /> There are 3 paradigms, which determines practically how the very word changes in cases.<br /> <br /> {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;1&quot; cellspacing=&quot;1&quot; class=&quot;bluetable lightbluebg&quot;<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 90px; &quot;|<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 90px; text-align: center; &quot;|1A<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 90px; text-align: center; &quot;|1B<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 90px; text-align: center; &quot;|2A<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 90px; text-align: center; &quot;|2B<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 90px; text-align: center; &quot;|3A<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 90px; text-align: center; &quot;|3B<br /> |-<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Nominative<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Voda<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> |-<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Genitive<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Vody<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> |-<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Partitive<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Vody<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> |-<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Accusative<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Vodu<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> |-<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Dative<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Vodě<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> |-<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Instrumentative<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Vodoĵ<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> |-<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Prepositive<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|O Vodě<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> |-<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Locative<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|V Vodï<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> |-<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Vocative<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Vodo<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===Adjectives===<br /> <br /> Adjectives always precede the noun they're related to.<br /> <br /> There are full and brief adjectives.<br /> <br /> ===Adverbs===<br /> <br /> Adverbs may be identified by adding ''-e'' to an stem of the adjective.<br /> :''jasno'' (clear) → ''jasne'' (clearly)<br /> <br /> ===Pronouns===<br /> <br /> ====Personal pronouns====<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Novbasa !! English<br /> |-<br /> | ''Ja'' || I<br /> |-<br /> | ''ty'' || you<br /> |-<br /> | ''On''/''Ona''/''Ono'' || he/she/it<br /> |-<br /> | ''Ma'' || we two<br /> |-<br /> | ''Va'' || you two<br /> |-<br /> | ''Ona'' || they two<br /> |-<br /> | ''My'' || we<br /> |-<br /> | ''Vy'' || you<br /> |-<br /> | ''Oni'' || they<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ====Possessive pronouns====<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Novbasa !! English<br /> |-<br /> | ''môĵ'' || I, mine<br /> |-<br /> | ''tvôĵ'' || your, yours<br /> |-<br /> | ''jegôĵ''/''jejôĵ'' || his/her, his/hers<br /> |-<br /> | ''naš'' || our, ours<br /> |-<br /> | ''vaš'' || your, yours<br /> |-<br /> | ''Ihniĵ'' || their, theirs<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ====Interrogative pronouns====<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Novbasa !! English<br /> |-<br /> | ''kto'' || who<br /> |-<br /> | ''čto'' || what<br /> |-<br /> | ''dy'' || when<br /> |-<br /> | ''de'' || where<br /> |-<br /> | ''kak'' || how<br /> |-<br /> | ''začto'' || why<br /> |-<br /> | ''kolïko'' || how much<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===Verbs===<br /> <br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Tense !! Novbasa !! English<br /> |-<br /> | Infinitive || ''strojati'' || to build<br /> |-<br /> | Present || ''ja strojam'' || I build<br /> |-<br /> | Present perfect || ''ja sům strojal'' || I have built<br /> |-<br /> | Past || ''Ja strojah'' || I built<br /> |-<br /> | Past perfect || ''Ja byh strojal'' || I had built<br /> |-<br /> | Future || ''Ja hte strojam'' || I will build<br /> |-<br /> | Near future || ''Ja budu strojati'' || I am going to build<br /> |-<br /> | Conditional || ''Ja bih strojal'' || I would build<br /> |-<br /> | Imperative || ''Stroj(aĵ)!'' || build!<br /> |-<br /> | Present Participle || ''Strojačiĵ'' || building<br /> |-<br /> | Past Participle || ''Strojan'' || built<br /> |}<br /> <br /> There are 4 different types of conjuction. Their conjuction depends on what vowels is on the end of the verb's stem. These vowels are: ''a'', ''e'', ''i'', ''u''.<br /> <br /> The reflexive is formed by putting ''sę'' before the verb.<br /> <br /> The passive is formed by dealing with the verb ''byti'' and past participle of the verb.<br /> <br /> ====Byti====<br /> <br /> ''Byti'' (&quot;to be&quot;) is one of irregular verbs.<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Tense !! Novbasa !! English<br /> |-<br /> | Infinitive || ''Byti'' || to be<br /> |-<br /> | Present || ''Ja sům'' || I am<br /> |-<br /> | Present perfect || ''Ja sům byl'' || I have been<br /> |-<br /> | Past || ''Ja byh'' || I was<br /> |-<br /> | Past pefect || ''Ja byh byl'' || I had been<br /> |-<br /> | Future || ''Ja hte sům'' || I will be<br /> |-<br /> | Near future || ''Ja budu'' || I am going to be<br /> |-<br /> | Conditional || ''Ja byh byl'' || I would be<br /> |-<br /> | Imperative || ''Bud'! '' || be!<br /> |-<br /> | Present Participle || ''Sųštyĵ'' || being<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===Numerals===<br /> <br /> ====Сardinal====<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Number !! Cardinal !! Number !! Cardinal<br /> |-<br /> | 0 || ''nôl' '' || 11 || ''jedennaĵčě''<br /> |-<br /> | 1 || ''jeden'' || 20 || ''dvaĵčě''<br /> |-<br /> | 2 || ''dva'' || 21 || ''dvaĵčě i jeden''<br /> |-<br /> | 3 || ''tri'' || 30 || ''triĵčě''<br /> |-<br /> | 4 || ''četyri'' || 40 || ''četyridesět''<br /> |-<br /> | 5 || ''pět '' || 50 || ''pětdesět''<br /> |-<br /> | 6 || ''šest'' || 100 || ''sto''<br /> |-<br /> | 7 || ''sedem'' || 200 || ''dvěstě''<br /> |-<br /> | 8 || ''osem'' || 237 || ''dvěstě triĵčě sedem''<br /> |-<br /> | 9 || ''devět'' || 1000 || ''tysęča''<br /> |-<br /> | 10 || ''desět'' || 2000 || ''dvě tysęčy''<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ====Ordinal====<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Number !! Cardinal !! Number !! Cardinal<br /> |-<br /> | 0 || ''nôlövyĵ'' || 11 || ''jedennaĵčětyĵ''<br /> |-<br /> | 1 || ''půrvyĵ'' || 20 || ''dvaĵčětyĵ''<br /> |-<br /> | 2 || ''vtoryĵ'' || 21 || ''dvaĵčě půrvyĵ''<br /> |-<br /> | 3 || ''tretïĵ'' || 30 || ''triĵčětyĵ''<br /> |-<br /> | 4 || ''četvůrtyĵ'' || 40 || ''četyriĵčětyĵ''<br /> |-<br /> | 5 || ''pětyĵ'' || 50 || ''pětdesětyĵ''<br /> |-<br /> | 6 || ''šestyĵ'' || 100 || ''stotyĵ''<br /> |-<br /> | 7 || ''sedmyĵ'' || 200 || ''dvôhsůtyĵ''<br /> |-<br /> | 8 || ''osmyĵ'' || 237 || ''dvěstě triĵčě sedmyĵ''<br /> |-<br /> | 9 || ''devětyĵ'' || 1000 || ''tysęčnyĵ''<br /> |-<br /> | 10 || ''desětyĵ'' || 2000 || ''dvôhtysęčnyĵ''<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==Lexicon==<br /> <br /> Lexicon is made up from all slavonic languages.<br /> <br /> <br /> ==Translations==<br /> <br /> ===Sample translations===<br /> <br /> '''I must give it to him.'''&lt;br/&gt;<br /> '''I musim dati to mu.'''<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> <br /> *[http://cals.conlang.org/language/novoslovnica/] Novoslovnica in CALS<br /> *[http://nowoslownica.org] The official page of the language<br /> *[http://conworkshop.com/view_language.php?l=NSL] The page on ConWorkShop<br /> *[http://nsl.nowoslownica.org] The wiki in Novoslovnica<br /> <br /> <br /> [[Category:Languages]]<br /> [[Category:Conlangs]]<br /> [[Category:Slavic languages]]</div>

Eakarpov https://linguifex.com/w/index.php?title=Novoslovnica&diff=37654 2015-07-30T17:21:57Z

<p>Eakarpov: /* Nouns */</p> <hr /> <div>{{Infobox language<br /> |name = Novoslovnica<br /> |nativename = Новословница<br /> |pronunciation = [novo'slovnica]<br /> |speakers = <br /> |date = <br /> |familycolor = Indo-European<br /> |fam1 = [[w:Conlang|Conlang]]<br /> |creator = [[User:eakarpov|Yegor Karpov]]<br /> |created = 2014<br /> |setting = <br /> |posteriori = <br /> |script = [[w:Cyrillic script|Cyrillic]], [[w:Latin script|Latin]]<br /> |image = <br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''Novoslovnica''' is a [[constructed language]] created by Yegor Karpov in 2014. Its name is composed by the words ''nov'' (&quot;new&quot;) and ''slovo'' (&quot;word&quot;). Its main features are lexical purism, wealthy phonology and logical stucture. <br /> <br /> ==Phonology and orthography==<br /> <br /> ===Alphabet===<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> ! Latin<br /> |align=center| a/ä/á<br /> |align=center| å<br /> |align=center| b<br /> |align=center| c<br /> |align=center| č<br /> |align=center| d<br /> |align=center| đ<br /> |align=center| e/ë/é<br /> |align=center| ę<br /> |align=center| ě<br /> |align=center| f<br /> |align=center| g<br /> |align=center| ĝ<br /> |align=center| h<br /> |align=center| i/ï<br /> |align=center| j<br /> |align=center| ĵ<br /> |align=center| k<br /> |align=center| l<br /> |align=center| m<br /> |align=center| n<br /> |align=center| o/ö/ó<br /> |align=center| ô<br /> |align=center| p<br /> |align=center| r<br /> |align=center| ř<br /> |align=center| s<br /> |align=center| ŝ<br /> |align=center| š<br /> |align=center| t<br /> |align=center| u/ü/ú<br /> |align=center| ų<br /> |align=center| ů<br /> |align=center| v<br /> |align=center| w<br /> |align=center| x<br /> |align=center| y<br /> |align=center| z<br /> |align=center| ž<br /> |-<br /> ! Cyrillic<br /> |align=center| а/я/á<br /> |align=center| å<br /> |align=center| б<br /> |align=center| ц<br /> |align=center| ч<br /> |align=center| д<br /> |align=center| џ<br /> |align=center| е/є/э<br /> |align=center| ѧ<br /> |align=center| ѣ<br /> |align=center| ф<br /> |align=center| г<br /> |align=center| ґ<br /> |align=center| х<br /> |align=center| и/i<br /> |align=center| j<br /> |align=center| й<br /> |align=center| к<br /> |align=center| л<br /> |align=center| м<br /> |align=center| н<br /> |align=center| о/ё/ó<br /> |align=center| ô<br /> |align=center| п<br /> |align=center| р<br /> |align=center| ҏ<br /> |align=center| с<br /> |align=center| s<br /> |align=center| ш<br /> |align=center| т<br /> |align=center| у/ю/ӯ<br /> |align=center| ų<br /> |align=center| ъ<br /> |align=center| в<br /> |align=center| ў<br /> |align=center| ќ<br /> |align=center| ы<br /> |align=center| з<br /> |align=center| ж<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===Pronunciation===<br /> <br /> Every letter is pronounced in the only way, so it is easy to start reading Novoslovnica after learning the alphabet and the phonology of the language.<br /> <br /> ====Consonants====<br /> {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;1&quot; cellspacing=&quot;1&quot; class=&quot;bluetable lightbluebg&quot;<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 66px; text-align: center; &quot;|Bilabial<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 66px; text-align: center; &quot;|Labio-dental<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 66px; text-align: center; &quot;|Dental<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 66px; text-align: center; &quot;|Alveolar<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 66px; text-align: center; &quot;|Post-alveolar<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 66px; text-align: center; &quot;|Palatal<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 66px; text-align: center; &quot;|Labio-velar<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 66px; text-align: center; &quot;|Velar<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 66px; text-align: center; &quot;|Glottal<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 66px; &quot;|<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|m /m/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|n /n/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center; &quot;|Nasal<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|p /p/ b /b/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|t /t/ d /d/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|k /k/ ĝ /g/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center; &quot;|Plosive<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|f /f/ v /v/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|θ /θ/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|s /s/ z /z/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;| š /ʂ/ ž /ʐ/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|j /ʝ/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|x /x/ g /ɣ/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center; &quot;|Fricative<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|w /ʋ/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|ĵ /j/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center; &quot;|Approximant<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|r /r/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center; &quot;|Trill<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|l /l/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center; &quot;|Lateral<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ====Vowels====<br /> The stress is movable, but it tends to the first syllable of the word's root.<br /> {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;1&quot; cellspacing=&quot;1&quot; class=&quot;bluetable lightbluebg&quot;<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 90px; text-align: center; &quot;|Front<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 90px; text-align: center; &quot;|Near-front<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 90px; text-align: center; &quot;|Central<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 90px; text-align: center; &quot;|Near-back<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 90px; text-align: center; &quot;|Back<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 90px; &quot;|<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|ï /i/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|y /ɨ/ ü /ʉ/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|u /u/<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center; &quot;|Close<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|i /ɪ/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|ě /ɪ̈/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|ô /ʊ/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center; &quot;|Near-close<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|ë /e/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|e /ɘ/ ö /ɵ/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|o /o/<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center; &quot;|Close-mid<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|ů /ə/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center; &quot;|Mid<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|å /ʌ/<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center; &quot;|Open-mid<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|ä /æ/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center; &quot;|Near-open<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|a /a/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center; &quot;|Open<br /> |}<br /> <br /> Vowels distinguish on long and short ones. In writing the long vowel is determinated by the akut on the letter ov the vowel. Vowels ''a'', ''e'', ''o'' and ''u'' can be long and short, other can be only short.<br /> <br /> ==Grammar==<br /> <br /> ===Articles===<br /> <br /> There are three determinative articles: ''ůt/to/ta/te'', ''ův/vo/va/ve'' and ''ůn/no/na/ne''.<br /> Articles are required when it's necessary to clear the object spoken about. The difference between the three articles is in position of the object. The ''ůt'' article is used when we can not see the object. The ''ůn'' article is used when we can see the object, but it is far from us. The ''ův'' article is used when we can see the object and it is close to us.<br /> <br /> ===Nouns===<br /> <br /> There are three numbers and 9 cases in Novoslovnica. Also there are three genders - masculine, feminine and neutral.<br /> <br /> :''dom'' - masculine<br /> :''voda'' - feminine<br /> :''slonco'' - neutral<br /> <br /> There are 3 paradigms, which determines practically how the very word changes in cases.<br /> <br /> {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;1&quot; cellspacing=&quot;1&quot; class=&quot;bluetable lightbluebg&quot;<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 90px; &quot;|<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 90px; text-align: center; &quot;|1A<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 90px; text-align: center; &quot;|1B<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 90px; text-align: center; &quot;|2A<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 90px; text-align: center; &quot;|2B<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 90px; text-align: center; &quot;|3A<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 90px; text-align: center; &quot;|3B<br /> |-<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Nominative<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Voda<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> |-<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Genitive<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Vody<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> |-<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Partitive<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Vody<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> |-<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Accusative<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Vodu<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> |-<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Dative<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Vodě<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> |-<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Instrumentative<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Vodoĵ<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> |-<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Prepositive<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|O Vodě<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> |-<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Locative<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|V Vodï<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> |-<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Vocative<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Vodo<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===Adjectives===<br /> <br /> Adjectives always precede the noun they're related to.<br /> <br /> There are full and brief adjectives.<br /> <br /> ===Adverbs===<br /> <br /> Adverbs may be identified by adding ''-e'' to an stem of the adjective.<br /> :''jasno'' (clear) → ''jasne'' (clearly)<br /> <br /> ===Pronouns===<br /> <br /> ====Personal pronouns====<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Novbasa !! English<br /> |-<br /> | ''Ja'' || I<br /> |-<br /> | ''ty'' || you<br /> |-<br /> | ''On''/''Ona''/''Ono'' || he/she/it<br /> |-<br /> | ''Ma'' || we two<br /> |-<br /> | ''Va'' || you two<br /> |-<br /> | ''Ona'' || they two<br /> |-<br /> | ''My'' || we<br /> |-<br /> | ''Vy'' || you<br /> |-<br /> | ''Oni'' || they<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ====Possessive pronouns====<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Novbasa !! English<br /> |-<br /> | ''môĵ'' || I, mine<br /> |-<br /> | ''tvôĵ'' || your, yours<br /> |-<br /> | ''jegôĵ''/''jejôĵ'' || his/her, his/hers<br /> |-<br /> | ''naš'' || our, ours<br /> |-<br /> | ''vaš'' || your, yours<br /> |-<br /> | ''Ihniĵ'' || their, theirs<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ====Interrogative pronouns====<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Novbasa !! English<br /> |-<br /> | ''kto'' || who<br /> |-<br /> | ''čto'' || what<br /> |-<br /> | ''dy'' || when<br /> |-<br /> | ''de'' || where<br /> |-<br /> | ''kak'' || how<br /> |-<br /> | ''začto'' || why<br /> |-<br /> | ''kolïko'' || how much<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===Verbs===<br /> <br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Tense !! Novbasa !! English<br /> |-<br /> | Infinitive || ''strojati'' || to build<br /> |-<br /> | Present || ''ja strojam'' || I build<br /> |-<br /> | Present perfect || ''ja sům strojal'' || I have built<br /> |-<br /> | Past || ''Ja strojah'' || I built<br /> |-<br /> | Past perfect || ''Ja byh strojal'' || I had built<br /> |-<br /> | Future || ''Ja hte strojam'' || I will build<br /> |-<br /> | Near future || ''Ja budu strojati'' || I am going to build<br /> |-<br /> | Conditional || ''Ja bih strojal'' || I would build<br /> |-<br /> | Imperative || ''Stroj(aĵ)!'' || build!<br /> |-<br /> | Present Participle || ''Strojačiĵ'' || building<br /> |-<br /> | Past Participle || ''Strojan'' || built<br /> |}<br /> <br /> There are 4 different types of conjuction. Their conjuction depends on what vowels is on the end of the verb's stem. These vowels are: ''a'', ''e'', ''i'', ''u''.<br /> <br /> The reflexive is formed by putting ''sę'' before the verb.<br /> <br /> The passive is formed by dealing with the verb ''byti'' and past participle of the verb.<br /> <br /> ====Byti====<br /> <br /> ''Byti'' (&quot;to be&quot;) is one of irregular verbs.<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Tense !! Novbasa !! English<br /> |-<br /> | Infinitive || ''Byti'' || to be<br /> |-<br /> | Present || ''Ja sům'' || I am<br /> |-<br /> | Present perfect || ''Ja sům byl'' || I have been<br /> |-<br /> | Past || ''Ja byh'' || I was<br /> |-<br /> | Past pefect || ''Ja byh byl'' || I had been<br /> |-<br /> | Future || ''Ja hte sům'' || I will be<br /> |-<br /> | Near future || ''Ja budu'' || I am going to be<br /> |-<br /> | Conditional || ''Ja byh byl'' || I would be<br /> |-<br /> | Imperative || ''Bud'! '' || be!<br /> |-<br /> | Present Participle || ''Sųštyĵ'' || being<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===Numerals===<br /> <br /> ====Сardinal====<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Number !! Cardinal !! Number !! Cardinal<br /> |-<br /> | 0 || ''nôl' '' || 11 || ''jedennaĵčě''<br /> |-<br /> | 1 || ''jeden'' || 20 || ''dvaĵčě''<br /> |-<br /> | 2 || ''dva'' || 21 || ''dvaĵčě i jeden''<br /> |-<br /> | 3 || ''tri'' || 30 || ''triĵčě''<br /> |-<br /> | 4 || ''četyri'' || 40 || ''četyridesět''<br /> |-<br /> | 5 || ''pět '' || 50 || ''pětdesět''<br /> |-<br /> | 6 || ''šest'' || 100 || ''sto''<br /> |-<br /> | 7 || ''sedem'' || 200 || ''dvěstě''<br /> |-<br /> | 8 || ''osem'' || 237 || ''dvěstě triĵčě sedem''<br /> |-<br /> | 9 || ''devět'' || 1000 || ''tysęča''<br /> |-<br /> | 10 || ''desět'' || 2000 || ''dvě tysęčy''<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ====Ordinal====<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Number !! Cardinal !! Number !! Cardinal<br /> |-<br /> | 0 || ''nôlövyĵ'' || 11 || ''jedennaĵčětyĵ''<br /> |-<br /> | 1 || ''půrvyĵ'' || 20 || ''dvaĵčětyĵ''<br /> |-<br /> | 2 || ''vtoryĵ'' || 21 || ''dvaĵčě půrvyĵ''<br /> |-<br /> | 3 || ''tretïĵ'' || 30 || ''triĵčětyĵ''<br /> |-<br /> | 4 || ''četvůrtyĵ'' || 40 || ''četyriĵčětyĵ''<br /> |-<br /> | 5 || ''pětyĵ'' || 50 || ''pětdesětyĵ''<br /> |-<br /> | 6 || ''šestyĵ'' || 100 || ''stotyĵ''<br /> |-<br /> | 7 || ''sedmyĵ'' || 200 || ''dvôhsůtyĵ''<br /> |-<br /> | 8 || ''osmyĵ'' || 237 || ''dvěstě triĵčě sedmyĵ''<br /> |-<br /> | 9 || ''devětyĵ'' || 1000 || ''tysęčnyĵ''<br /> |-<br /> | 10 || ''desětyĵ'' || 2000 || ''dvôhtysęčnyĵ''<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==Lexicon==<br /> <br /> Lexicon is made up from all slavonic languages.<br /> <br /> <br /> ==Translations==<br /> <br /> ===Sample translations===<br /> <br /> '''I must give it to him.'''&lt;br/&gt;<br /> '''I musim dati to mu.'''<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> <br /> *[http://cals.conlang.org/language/novoslovnica/] Novoslovnica in CALS<br /> *[http://nowoslownica.org] The official page of the language<br /> *[http://conworkshop.com/view_language.php?l=NSL] The page on ConWorkShop<br /> *[http://nsl.nowoslownica.org] The wiki in Novoslovnica<br /> <br /> <br /> [[Category:Languages]]<br /> [[Category:Conlangs]]<br /> [[Category:Slavic languages]]</div>

Eakarpov https://linguifex.com/w/index.php?title=Novoslovnica&diff=37653 2015-07-30T17:16:56Z

<p>Eakarpov: /* Nouns */</p> <hr /> <div>{{Infobox language<br /> |name = Novoslovnica<br /> |nativename = Новословница<br /> |pronunciation = [novo'slovnica]<br /> |speakers = <br /> |date = <br /> |familycolor = Indo-European<br /> |fam1 = [[w:Conlang|Conlang]]<br /> |creator = [[User:eakarpov|Yegor Karpov]]<br /> |created = 2014<br /> |setting = <br /> |posteriori = <br /> |script = [[w:Cyrillic script|Cyrillic]], [[w:Latin script|Latin]]<br /> |image = <br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''Novoslovnica''' is a [[constructed language]] created by Yegor Karpov in 2014. Its name is composed by the words ''nov'' (&quot;new&quot;) and ''slovo'' (&quot;word&quot;). Its main features are lexical purism, wealthy phonology and logical stucture. <br /> <br /> ==Phonology and orthography==<br /> <br /> ===Alphabet===<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> ! Latin<br /> |align=center| a/ä/á<br /> |align=center| å<br /> |align=center| b<br /> |align=center| c<br /> |align=center| č<br /> |align=center| d<br /> |align=center| đ<br /> |align=center| e/ë/é<br /> |align=center| ę<br /> |align=center| ě<br /> |align=center| f<br /> |align=center| g<br /> |align=center| ĝ<br /> |align=center| h<br /> |align=center| i/ï<br /> |align=center| j<br /> |align=center| ĵ<br /> |align=center| k<br /> |align=center| l<br /> |align=center| m<br /> |align=center| n<br /> |align=center| o/ö/ó<br /> |align=center| ô<br /> |align=center| p<br /> |align=center| r<br /> |align=center| ř<br /> |align=center| s<br /> |align=center| ŝ<br /> |align=center| š<br /> |align=center| t<br /> |align=center| u/ü/ú<br /> |align=center| ų<br /> |align=center| ů<br /> |align=center| v<br /> |align=center| w<br /> |align=center| x<br /> |align=center| y<br /> |align=center| z<br /> |align=center| ž<br /> |-<br /> ! Cyrillic<br /> |align=center| а/я/á<br /> |align=center| å<br /> |align=center| б<br /> |align=center| ц<br /> |align=center| ч<br /> |align=center| д<br /> |align=center| џ<br /> |align=center| е/є/э<br /> |align=center| ѧ<br /> |align=center| ѣ<br /> |align=center| ф<br /> |align=center| г<br /> |align=center| ґ<br /> |align=center| х<br /> |align=center| и/i<br /> |align=center| j<br /> |align=center| й<br /> |align=center| к<br /> |align=center| л<br /> |align=center| м<br /> |align=center| н<br /> |align=center| о/ё/ó<br /> |align=center| ô<br /> |align=center| п<br /> |align=center| р<br /> |align=center| ҏ<br /> |align=center| с<br /> |align=center| s<br /> |align=center| ш<br /> |align=center| т<br /> |align=center| у/ю/ӯ<br /> |align=center| ų<br /> |align=center| ъ<br /> |align=center| в<br /> |align=center| ў<br /> |align=center| ќ<br /> |align=center| ы<br /> |align=center| з<br /> |align=center| ж<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===Pronunciation===<br /> <br /> Every letter is pronounced in the only way, so it is easy to start reading Novoslovnica after learning the alphabet and the phonology of the language.<br /> <br /> ====Consonants====<br /> {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;1&quot; cellspacing=&quot;1&quot; class=&quot;bluetable lightbluebg&quot;<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 66px; text-align: center; &quot;|Bilabial<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 66px; text-align: center; &quot;|Labio-dental<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 66px; text-align: center; &quot;|Dental<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 66px; text-align: center; &quot;|Alveolar<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 66px; text-align: center; &quot;|Post-alveolar<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 66px; text-align: center; &quot;|Palatal<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 66px; text-align: center; &quot;|Labio-velar<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 66px; text-align: center; &quot;|Velar<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 66px; text-align: center; &quot;|Glottal<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 66px; &quot;|<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|m /m/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|n /n/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center; &quot;|Nasal<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|p /p/ b /b/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|t /t/ d /d/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|k /k/ ĝ /g/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center; &quot;|Plosive<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|f /f/ v /v/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|θ /θ/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|s /s/ z /z/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;| š /ʂ/ ž /ʐ/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|j /ʝ/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|x /x/ g /ɣ/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center; &quot;|Fricative<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|w /ʋ/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|ĵ /j/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center; &quot;|Approximant<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|r /r/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center; &quot;|Trill<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|l /l/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center; &quot;|Lateral<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ====Vowels====<br /> The stress is movable, but it tends to the first syllable of the word's root.<br /> {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;1&quot; cellspacing=&quot;1&quot; class=&quot;bluetable lightbluebg&quot;<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 90px; text-align: center; &quot;|Front<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 90px; text-align: center; &quot;|Near-front<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 90px; text-align: center; &quot;|Central<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 90px; text-align: center; &quot;|Near-back<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 90px; text-align: center; &quot;|Back<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 90px; &quot;|<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|ï /i/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|y /ɨ/ ü /ʉ/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|u /u/<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center; &quot;|Close<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|i /ɪ/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|ě /ɪ̈/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|ô /ʊ/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center; &quot;|Near-close<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|ë /e/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|e /ɘ/ ö /ɵ/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|o /o/<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center; &quot;|Close-mid<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|ů /ə/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center; &quot;|Mid<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|å /ʌ/<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center; &quot;|Open-mid<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|ä /æ/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center; &quot;|Near-open<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|a /a/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center; &quot;|Open<br /> |}<br /> <br /> Vowels distinguish on long and short ones. In writing the long vowel is determinated by the akut on the letter ov the vowel. Vowels ''a'', ''e'', ''o'' and ''u'' can be long and short, other can be only short.<br /> <br /> ==Grammar==<br /> <br /> ===Articles===<br /> <br /> There are three determinative articles: ''ůt/to/ta/te'', ''ův/vo/va/ve'' and ''ůn/no/na/ne''.<br /> Articles are required when it's necessary to clear the object spoken about. The difference between the three articles is in position of the object. The ''ůt'' article is used when we can not see the object. The ''ůn'' article is used when we can see the object, but it is far from us. The ''ův'' article is used when we can see the object and it is close to us.<br /> <br /> ===Nouns===<br /> <br /> There are three numbers and 9 cases in Novoslovnica. Also there are three genders - masculine, feminine and neutral.<br /> <br /> :''dom'' - masculine<br /> :''voda'' - feminine<br /> :''slonco'' - neutral<br /> <br /> There are 3 paradigms, which determines practically how the very word changes in cases.<br /> <br /> {|border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;1&quot; cellspacing=&quot;1&quot; class=&quot;bluetable lightbluebg&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! !! 1A !! 1B !! 2A !! 2B !! 3A !! 3B <br /> |-<br /> ! Nominative || Voda || || || || || <br /> |-<br /> ! Genitive || Vody || || || || || <br /> |-<br /> ! Partitive || Vody || || || || || <br /> |-<br /> ! Accusative || Vodu || || || || || <br /> |-<br /> ! Dative || Vodě || || || || || <br /> |-<br /> ! Imperative || Vodoĵ || || || || || <br /> |-<br /> ! Prepositional || O vodě || || || || || <br /> |-<br /> ! Locative || V vodï || || || || || <br /> |-<br /> ! Vocative || Vodo || || || || || <br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===Adjectives===<br /> <br /> Adjectives always precede the noun they're related to.<br /> <br /> There are full and brief adjectives.<br /> <br /> ===Adverbs===<br /> <br /> Adverbs may be identified by adding ''-e'' to an stem of the adjective.<br /> :''jasno'' (clear) → ''jasne'' (clearly)<br /> <br /> ===Pronouns===<br /> <br /> ====Personal pronouns====<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Novbasa !! English<br /> |-<br /> | ''Ja'' || I<br /> |-<br /> | ''ty'' || you<br /> |-<br /> | ''On''/''Ona''/''Ono'' || he/she/it<br /> |-<br /> | ''Ma'' || we two<br /> |-<br /> | ''Va'' || you two<br /> |-<br /> | ''Ona'' || they two<br /> |-<br /> | ''My'' || we<br /> |-<br /> | ''Vy'' || you<br /> |-<br /> | ''Oni'' || they<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ====Possessive pronouns====<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Novbasa !! English<br /> |-<br /> | ''môĵ'' || I, mine<br /> |-<br /> | ''tvôĵ'' || your, yours<br /> |-<br /> | ''jegôĵ''/''jejôĵ'' || his/her, his/hers<br /> |-<br /> | ''naš'' || our, ours<br /> |-<br /> | ''vaš'' || your, yours<br /> |-<br /> | ''Ihniĵ'' || their, theirs<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ====Interrogative pronouns====<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Novbasa !! English<br /> |-<br /> | ''kto'' || who<br /> |-<br /> | ''čto'' || what<br /> |-<br /> | ''dy'' || when<br /> |-<br /> | ''de'' || where<br /> |-<br /> | ''kak'' || how<br /> |-<br /> | ''začto'' || why<br /> |-<br /> | ''kolïko'' || how much<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===Verbs===<br /> <br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Tense !! Novbasa !! English<br /> |-<br /> | Infinitive || ''strojati'' || to build<br /> |-<br /> | Present || ''ja strojam'' || I build<br /> |-<br /> | Present perfect || ''ja sům strojal'' || I have built<br /> |-<br /> | Past || ''Ja strojah'' || I built<br /> |-<br /> | Past perfect || ''Ja byh strojal'' || I had built<br /> |-<br /> | Future || ''Ja hte strojam'' || I will build<br /> |-<br /> | Near future || ''Ja budu strojati'' || I am going to build<br /> |-<br /> | Conditional || ''Ja bih strojal'' || I would build<br /> |-<br /> | Imperative || ''Stroj(aĵ)!'' || build!<br /> |-<br /> | Present Participle || ''Strojačiĵ'' || building<br /> |-<br /> | Past Participle || ''Strojan'' || built<br /> |}<br /> <br /> There are 4 different types of conjuction. Their conjuction depends on what vowels is on the end of the verb's stem. These vowels are: ''a'', ''e'', ''i'', ''u''.<br /> <br /> The reflexive is formed by putting ''sę'' before the verb.<br /> <br /> The passive is formed by dealing with the verb ''byti'' and past participle of the verb.<br /> <br /> ====Byti====<br /> <br /> ''Byti'' (&quot;to be&quot;) is one of irregular verbs.<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Tense !! Novbasa !! English<br /> |-<br /> | Infinitive || ''Byti'' || to be<br /> |-<br /> | Present || ''Ja sům'' || I am<br /> |-<br /> | Present perfect || ''Ja sům byl'' || I have been<br /> |-<br /> | Past || ''Ja byh'' || I was<br /> |-<br /> | Past pefect || ''Ja byh byl'' || I had been<br /> |-<br /> | Future || ''Ja hte sům'' || I will be<br /> |-<br /> | Near future || ''Ja budu'' || I am going to be<br /> |-<br /> | Conditional || ''Ja byh byl'' || I would be<br /> |-<br /> | Imperative || ''Bud'! '' || be!<br /> |-<br /> | Present Participle || ''Sųštyĵ'' || being<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===Numerals===<br /> <br /> ====Сardinal====<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Number !! Cardinal !! Number !! Cardinal<br /> |-<br /> | 0 || ''nôl' '' || 11 || ''jedennaĵčě''<br /> |-<br /> | 1 || ''jeden'' || 20 || ''dvaĵčě''<br /> |-<br /> | 2 || ''dva'' || 21 || ''dvaĵčě i jeden''<br /> |-<br /> | 3 || ''tri'' || 30 || ''triĵčě''<br /> |-<br /> | 4 || ''četyri'' || 40 || ''četyridesět''<br /> |-<br /> | 5 || ''pět '' || 50 || ''pětdesět''<br /> |-<br /> | 6 || ''šest'' || 100 || ''sto''<br /> |-<br /> | 7 || ''sedem'' || 200 || ''dvěstě''<br /> |-<br /> | 8 || ''osem'' || 237 || ''dvěstě triĵčě sedem''<br /> |-<br /> | 9 || ''devět'' || 1000 || ''tysęča''<br /> |-<br /> | 10 || ''desět'' || 2000 || ''dvě tysęčy''<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ====Ordinal====<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Number !! Cardinal !! Number !! Cardinal<br /> |-<br /> | 0 || ''nôlövyĵ'' || 11 || ''jedennaĵčětyĵ''<br /> |-<br /> | 1 || ''půrvyĵ'' || 20 || ''dvaĵčětyĵ''<br /> |-<br /> | 2 || ''vtoryĵ'' || 21 || ''dvaĵčě půrvyĵ''<br /> |-<br /> | 3 || ''tretïĵ'' || 30 || ''triĵčětyĵ''<br /> |-<br /> | 4 || ''četvůrtyĵ'' || 40 || ''četyriĵčětyĵ''<br /> |-<br /> | 5 || ''pětyĵ'' || 50 || ''pětdesětyĵ''<br /> |-<br /> | 6 || ''šestyĵ'' || 100 || ''stotyĵ''<br /> |-<br /> | 7 || ''sedmyĵ'' || 200 || ''dvôhsůtyĵ''<br /> |-<br /> | 8 || ''osmyĵ'' || 237 || ''dvěstě triĵčě sedmyĵ''<br /> |-<br /> | 9 || ''devětyĵ'' || 1000 || ''tysęčnyĵ''<br /> |-<br /> | 10 || ''desětyĵ'' || 2000 || ''dvôhtysęčnyĵ''<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==Lexicon==<br /> <br /> Lexicon is made up from all slavonic languages.<br /> <br /> <br /> ==Translations==<br /> <br /> ===Sample translations===<br /> <br /> '''I must give it to him.'''&lt;br/&gt;<br /> '''I musim dati to mu.'''<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> <br /> *[http://cals.conlang.org/language/novoslovnica/] Novoslovnica in CALS<br /> *[http://nowoslownica.org] The official page of the language<br /> *[http://conworkshop.com/view_language.php?l=NSL] The page on ConWorkShop<br /> *[http://nsl.nowoslownica.org] The wiki in Novoslovnica<br /> <br /> <br /> [[Category:Languages]]<br /> [[Category:Conlangs]]<br /> [[Category:Slavic languages]]</div>

Eakarpov https://linguifex.com/w/index.php?title=Novoslovnica&diff=37652 2015-07-30T17:16:18Z

<p>Eakarpov: /* Nouns */</p> <hr /> <div>{{Infobox language<br /> |name = Novoslovnica<br /> |nativename = Новословница<br /> |pronunciation = [novo'slovnica]<br /> |speakers = <br /> |date = <br /> |familycolor = Indo-European<br /> |fam1 = [[w:Conlang|Conlang]]<br /> |creator = [[User:eakarpov|Yegor Karpov]]<br /> |created = 2014<br /> |setting = <br /> |posteriori = <br /> |script = [[w:Cyrillic script|Cyrillic]], [[w:Latin script|Latin]]<br /> |image = <br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''Novoslovnica''' is a [[constructed language]] created by Yegor Karpov in 2014. Its name is composed by the words ''nov'' (&quot;new&quot;) and ''slovo'' (&quot;word&quot;). Its main features are lexical purism, wealthy phonology and logical stucture. <br /> <br /> ==Phonology and orthography==<br /> <br /> ===Alphabet===<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> ! Latin<br /> |align=center| a/ä/á<br /> |align=center| å<br /> |align=center| b<br /> |align=center| c<br /> |align=center| č<br /> |align=center| d<br /> |align=center| đ<br /> |align=center| e/ë/é<br /> |align=center| ę<br /> |align=center| ě<br /> |align=center| f<br /> |align=center| g<br /> |align=center| ĝ<br /> |align=center| h<br /> |align=center| i/ï<br /> |align=center| j<br /> |align=center| ĵ<br /> |align=center| k<br /> |align=center| l<br /> |align=center| m<br /> |align=center| n<br /> |align=center| o/ö/ó<br /> |align=center| ô<br /> |align=center| p<br /> |align=center| r<br /> |align=center| ř<br /> |align=center| s<br /> |align=center| ŝ<br /> |align=center| š<br /> |align=center| t<br /> |align=center| u/ü/ú<br /> |align=center| ų<br /> |align=center| ů<br /> |align=center| v<br /> |align=center| w<br /> |align=center| x<br /> |align=center| y<br /> |align=center| z<br /> |align=center| ž<br /> |-<br /> ! Cyrillic<br /> |align=center| а/я/á<br /> |align=center| å<br /> |align=center| б<br /> |align=center| ц<br /> |align=center| ч<br /> |align=center| д<br /> |align=center| џ<br /> |align=center| е/є/э<br /> |align=center| ѧ<br /> |align=center| ѣ<br /> |align=center| ф<br /> |align=center| г<br /> |align=center| ґ<br /> |align=center| х<br /> |align=center| и/i<br /> |align=center| j<br /> |align=center| й<br /> |align=center| к<br /> |align=center| л<br /> |align=center| м<br /> |align=center| н<br /> |align=center| о/ё/ó<br /> |align=center| ô<br /> |align=center| п<br /> |align=center| р<br /> |align=center| ҏ<br /> |align=center| с<br /> |align=center| s<br /> |align=center| ш<br /> |align=center| т<br /> |align=center| у/ю/ӯ<br /> |align=center| ų<br /> |align=center| ъ<br /> |align=center| в<br /> |align=center| ў<br /> |align=center| ќ<br /> |align=center| ы<br /> |align=center| з<br /> |align=center| ж<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===Pronunciation===<br /> <br /> Every letter is pronounced in the only way, so it is easy to start reading Novoslovnica after learning the alphabet and the phonology of the language.<br /> <br /> ====Consonants====<br /> {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;1&quot; cellspacing=&quot;1&quot; class=&quot;bluetable lightbluebg&quot;<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 66px; text-align: center; &quot;|Bilabial<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 66px; text-align: center; &quot;|Labio-dental<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 66px; text-align: center; &quot;|Dental<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 66px; text-align: center; &quot;|Alveolar<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 66px; text-align: center; &quot;|Post-alveolar<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 66px; text-align: center; &quot;|Palatal<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 66px; text-align: center; &quot;|Labio-velar<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 66px; text-align: center; &quot;|Velar<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 66px; text-align: center; &quot;|Glottal<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 66px; &quot;|<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|m /m/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|n /n/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center; &quot;|Nasal<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|p /p/ b /b/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|t /t/ d /d/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|k /k/ ĝ /g/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center; &quot;|Plosive<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|f /f/ v /v/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|θ /θ/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|s /s/ z /z/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;| š /ʂ/ ž /ʐ/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|j /ʝ/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|x /x/ g /ɣ/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center; &quot;|Fricative<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|w /ʋ/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|ĵ /j/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center; &quot;|Approximant<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|r /r/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center; &quot;|Trill<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|l /l/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center; &quot;|Lateral<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ====Vowels====<br /> The stress is movable, but it tends to the first syllable of the word's root.<br /> {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;1&quot; cellspacing=&quot;1&quot; class=&quot;bluetable lightbluebg&quot;<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 90px; text-align: center; &quot;|Front<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 90px; text-align: center; &quot;|Near-front<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 90px; text-align: center; &quot;|Central<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 90px; text-align: center; &quot;|Near-back<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 90px; text-align: center; &quot;|Back<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 90px; &quot;|<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|ï /i/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|y /ɨ/ ü /ʉ/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|u /u/<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center; &quot;|Close<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|i /ɪ/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|ě /ɪ̈/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|ô /ʊ/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center; &quot;|Near-close<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|ë /e/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|e /ɘ/ ö /ɵ/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|o /o/<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center; &quot;|Close-mid<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|ů /ə/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center; &quot;|Mid<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|å /ʌ/<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center; &quot;|Open-mid<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|ä /æ/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center; &quot;|Near-open<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|a /a/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center; &quot;|Open<br /> |}<br /> <br /> Vowels distinguish on long and short ones. In writing the long vowel is determinated by the akut on the letter ov the vowel. Vowels ''a'', ''e'', ''o'' and ''u'' can be long and short, other can be only short.<br /> <br /> ==Grammar==<br /> <br /> ===Articles===<br /> <br /> There are three determinative articles: ''ůt/to/ta/te'', ''ův/vo/va/ve'' and ''ůn/no/na/ne''.<br /> Articles are required when it's necessary to clear the object spoken about. The difference between the three articles is in position of the object. The ''ůt'' article is used when we can not see the object. The ''ůn'' article is used when we can see the object, but it is far from us. The ''ův'' article is used when we can see the object and it is close to us.<br /> <br /> ===Nouns===<br /> <br /> There are three numbers and 9 cases in Novoslovnica. Also there are three genders - masculine, feminine and neutral.<br /> <br /> :''dom'' - masculine<br /> :''voda'' - feminine<br /> :''slonco'' - neutral<br /> <br /> There are 3 paradigms, which determines practically how the very word changes in cases.<br /> <br /> {|<br /> |-<br /> ! !! 1A !! 1B !! 2A !! 2B !! 3A !! 3B <br /> |-<br /> ! Nominative || Voda || || || || || <br /> |-<br /> ! Genitive || Vody || || || || || <br /> |-<br /> ! Partitive || Vody || || || || || <br /> |-<br /> ! Accusative || Vodu || || || || || <br /> |-<br /> ! Dative || Vodě || || || || || <br /> |-<br /> ! Imperative || Vodoĵ || || || || || <br /> |-<br /> ! Prepositional || O vodě || || || || || <br /> |-<br /> ! Locative || V vodï || || || || || <br /> |-<br /> ! Vocative || Vodo || || || || || <br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===Adjectives===<br /> <br /> Adjectives always precede the noun they're related to.<br /> <br /> There are full and brief adjectives.<br /> <br /> ===Adverbs===<br /> <br /> Adverbs may be identified by adding ''-e'' to an stem of the adjective.<br /> :''jasno'' (clear) → ''jasne'' (clearly)<br /> <br /> ===Pronouns===<br /> <br /> ====Personal pronouns====<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Novbasa !! English<br /> |-<br /> | ''Ja'' || I<br /> |-<br /> | ''ty'' || you<br /> |-<br /> | ''On''/''Ona''/''Ono'' || he/she/it<br /> |-<br /> | ''Ma'' || we two<br /> |-<br /> | ''Va'' || you two<br /> |-<br /> | ''Ona'' || they two<br /> |-<br /> | ''My'' || we<br /> |-<br /> | ''Vy'' || you<br /> |-<br /> | ''Oni'' || they<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ====Possessive pronouns====<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Novbasa !! English<br /> |-<br /> | ''môĵ'' || I, mine<br /> |-<br /> | ''tvôĵ'' || your, yours<br /> |-<br /> | ''jegôĵ''/''jejôĵ'' || his/her, his/hers<br /> |-<br /> | ''naš'' || our, ours<br /> |-<br /> | ''vaš'' || your, yours<br /> |-<br /> | ''Ihniĵ'' || their, theirs<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ====Interrogative pronouns====<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Novbasa !! English<br /> |-<br /> | ''kto'' || who<br /> |-<br /> | ''čto'' || what<br /> |-<br /> | ''dy'' || when<br /> |-<br /> | ''de'' || where<br /> |-<br /> | ''kak'' || how<br /> |-<br /> | ''začto'' || why<br /> |-<br /> | ''kolïko'' || how much<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===Verbs===<br /> <br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Tense !! Novbasa !! English<br /> |-<br /> | Infinitive || ''strojati'' || to build<br /> |-<br /> | Present || ''ja strojam'' || I build<br /> |-<br /> | Present perfect || ''ja sům strojal'' || I have built<br /> |-<br /> | Past || ''Ja strojah'' || I built<br /> |-<br /> | Past perfect || ''Ja byh strojal'' || I had built<br /> |-<br /> | Future || ''Ja hte strojam'' || I will build<br /> |-<br /> | Near future || ''Ja budu strojati'' || I am going to build<br /> |-<br /> | Conditional || ''Ja bih strojal'' || I would build<br /> |-<br /> | Imperative || ''Stroj(aĵ)!'' || build!<br /> |-<br /> | Present Participle || ''Strojačiĵ'' || building<br /> |-<br /> | Past Participle || ''Strojan'' || built<br /> |}<br /> <br /> There are 4 different types of conjuction. Their conjuction depends on what vowels is on the end of the verb's stem. These vowels are: ''a'', ''e'', ''i'', ''u''.<br /> <br /> The reflexive is formed by putting ''sę'' before the verb.<br /> <br /> The passive is formed by dealing with the verb ''byti'' and past participle of the verb.<br /> <br /> ====Byti====<br /> <br /> ''Byti'' (&quot;to be&quot;) is one of irregular verbs.<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Tense !! Novbasa !! English<br /> |-<br /> | Infinitive || ''Byti'' || to be<br /> |-<br /> | Present || ''Ja sům'' || I am<br /> |-<br /> | Present perfect || ''Ja sům byl'' || I have been<br /> |-<br /> | Past || ''Ja byh'' || I was<br /> |-<br /> | Past pefect || ''Ja byh byl'' || I had been<br /> |-<br /> | Future || ''Ja hte sům'' || I will be<br /> |-<br /> | Near future || ''Ja budu'' || I am going to be<br /> |-<br /> | Conditional || ''Ja byh byl'' || I would be<br /> |-<br /> | Imperative || ''Bud'! '' || be!<br /> |-<br /> | Present Participle || ''Sųštyĵ'' || being<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===Numerals===<br /> <br /> ====Сardinal====<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Number !! Cardinal !! Number !! Cardinal<br /> |-<br /> | 0 || ''nôl' '' || 11 || ''jedennaĵčě''<br /> |-<br /> | 1 || ''jeden'' || 20 || ''dvaĵčě''<br /> |-<br /> | 2 || ''dva'' || 21 || ''dvaĵčě i jeden''<br /> |-<br /> | 3 || ''tri'' || 30 || ''triĵčě''<br /> |-<br /> | 4 || ''četyri'' || 40 || ''četyridesět''<br /> |-<br /> | 5 || ''pět '' || 50 || ''pětdesět''<br /> |-<br /> | 6 || ''šest'' || 100 || ''sto''<br /> |-<br /> | 7 || ''sedem'' || 200 || ''dvěstě''<br /> |-<br /> | 8 || ''osem'' || 237 || ''dvěstě triĵčě sedem''<br /> |-<br /> | 9 || ''devět'' || 1000 || ''tysęča''<br /> |-<br /> | 10 || ''desět'' || 2000 || ''dvě tysęčy''<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ====Ordinal====<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Number !! Cardinal !! Number !! Cardinal<br /> |-<br /> | 0 || ''nôlövyĵ'' || 11 || ''jedennaĵčětyĵ''<br /> |-<br /> | 1 || ''půrvyĵ'' || 20 || ''dvaĵčětyĵ''<br /> |-<br /> | 2 || ''vtoryĵ'' || 21 || ''dvaĵčě půrvyĵ''<br /> |-<br /> | 3 || ''tretïĵ'' || 30 || ''triĵčětyĵ''<br /> |-<br /> | 4 || ''četvůrtyĵ'' || 40 || ''četyriĵčětyĵ''<br /> |-<br /> | 5 || ''pětyĵ'' || 50 || ''pětdesětyĵ''<br /> |-<br /> | 6 || ''šestyĵ'' || 100 || ''stotyĵ''<br /> |-<br /> | 7 || ''sedmyĵ'' || 200 || ''dvôhsůtyĵ''<br /> |-<br /> | 8 || ''osmyĵ'' || 237 || ''dvěstě triĵčě sedmyĵ''<br /> |-<br /> | 9 || ''devětyĵ'' || 1000 || ''tysęčnyĵ''<br /> |-<br /> | 10 || ''desětyĵ'' || 2000 || ''dvôhtysęčnyĵ''<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==Lexicon==<br /> <br /> Lexicon is made up from all slavonic languages.<br /> <br /> <br /> ==Translations==<br /> <br /> ===Sample translations===<br /> <br /> '''I must give it to him.'''&lt;br/&gt;<br /> '''I musim dati to mu.'''<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> <br /> *[http://cals.conlang.org/language/novoslovnica/] Novoslovnica in CALS<br /> *[http://nowoslownica.org] The official page of the language<br /> *[http://conworkshop.com/view_language.php?l=NSL] The page on ConWorkShop<br /> *[http://nsl.nowoslownica.org] The wiki in Novoslovnica<br /> <br /> <br /> [[Category:Languages]]<br /> [[Category:Conlangs]]<br /> [[Category:Slavic languages]]</div>

Eakarpov https://linguifex.com/w/index.php?title=Novoslovnica&diff=37651 2015-07-30T17:08:18Z

<p>Eakarpov: /* External links */</p> <hr /> <div>{{Infobox language<br /> |name = Novoslovnica<br /> |nativename = Новословница<br /> |pronunciation = [novo'slovnica]<br /> |speakers = <br /> |date = <br /> |familycolor = Indo-European<br /> |fam1 = [[w:Conlang|Conlang]]<br /> |creator = [[User:eakarpov|Yegor Karpov]]<br /> |created = 2014<br /> |setting = <br /> |posteriori = <br /> |script = [[w:Cyrillic script|Cyrillic]], [[w:Latin script|Latin]]<br /> |image = <br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''Novoslovnica''' is a [[constructed language]] created by Yegor Karpov in 2014. Its name is composed by the words ''nov'' (&quot;new&quot;) and ''slovo'' (&quot;word&quot;). Its main features are lexical purism, wealthy phonology and logical stucture. <br /> <br /> ==Phonology and orthography==<br /> <br /> ===Alphabet===<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> ! Latin<br /> |align=center| a/ä/á<br /> |align=center| å<br /> |align=center| b<br /> |align=center| c<br /> |align=center| č<br /> |align=center| d<br /> |align=center| đ<br /> |align=center| e/ë/é<br /> |align=center| ę<br /> |align=center| ě<br /> |align=center| f<br /> |align=center| g<br /> |align=center| ĝ<br /> |align=center| h<br /> |align=center| i/ï<br /> |align=center| j<br /> |align=center| ĵ<br /> |align=center| k<br /> |align=center| l<br /> |align=center| m<br /> |align=center| n<br /> |align=center| o/ö/ó<br /> |align=center| ô<br /> |align=center| p<br /> |align=center| r<br /> |align=center| ř<br /> |align=center| s<br /> |align=center| ŝ<br /> |align=center| š<br /> |align=center| t<br /> |align=center| u/ü/ú<br /> |align=center| ų<br /> |align=center| ů<br /> |align=center| v<br /> |align=center| w<br /> |align=center| x<br /> |align=center| y<br /> |align=center| z<br /> |align=center| ž<br /> |-<br /> ! Cyrillic<br /> |align=center| а/я/á<br /> |align=center| å<br /> |align=center| б<br /> |align=center| ц<br /> |align=center| ч<br /> |align=center| д<br /> |align=center| џ<br /> |align=center| е/є/э<br /> |align=center| ѧ<br /> |align=center| ѣ<br /> |align=center| ф<br /> |align=center| г<br /> |align=center| ґ<br /> |align=center| х<br /> |align=center| и/i<br /> |align=center| j<br /> |align=center| й<br /> |align=center| к<br /> |align=center| л<br /> |align=center| м<br /> |align=center| н<br /> |align=center| о/ё/ó<br /> |align=center| ô<br /> |align=center| п<br /> |align=center| р<br /> |align=center| ҏ<br /> |align=center| с<br /> |align=center| s<br /> |align=center| ш<br /> |align=center| т<br /> |align=center| у/ю/ӯ<br /> |align=center| ų<br /> |align=center| ъ<br /> |align=center| в<br /> |align=center| ў<br /> |align=center| ќ<br /> |align=center| ы<br /> |align=center| з<br /> |align=center| ж<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===Pronunciation===<br /> <br /> Every letter is pronounced in the only way, so it is easy to start reading Novoslovnica after learning the alphabet and the phonology of the language.<br /> <br /> ====Consonants====<br /> {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;1&quot; cellspacing=&quot;1&quot; class=&quot;bluetable lightbluebg&quot;<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 66px; text-align: center; &quot;|Bilabial<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 66px; text-align: center; &quot;|Labio-dental<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 66px; text-align: center; &quot;|Dental<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 66px; text-align: center; &quot;|Alveolar<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 66px; text-align: center; &quot;|Post-alveolar<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 66px; text-align: center; &quot;|Palatal<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 66px; text-align: center; &quot;|Labio-velar<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 66px; text-align: center; &quot;|Velar<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 66px; text-align: center; &quot;|Glottal<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 66px; &quot;|<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|m /m/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|n /n/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center; &quot;|Nasal<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|p /p/ b /b/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|t /t/ d /d/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|k /k/ ĝ /g/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center; &quot;|Plosive<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|f /f/ v /v/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|θ /θ/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|s /s/ z /z/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;| š /ʂ/ ž /ʐ/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|j /ʝ/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|x /x/ g /ɣ/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center; &quot;|Fricative<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|w /ʋ/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|ĵ /j/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center; &quot;|Approximant<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|r /r/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center; &quot;|Trill<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|l /l/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center; &quot;|Lateral<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ====Vowels====<br /> The stress is movable, but it tends to the first syllable of the word's root.<br /> {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;1&quot; cellspacing=&quot;1&quot; class=&quot;bluetable lightbluebg&quot;<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 90px; text-align: center; &quot;|Front<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 90px; text-align: center; &quot;|Near-front<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 90px; text-align: center; &quot;|Central<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 90px; text-align: center; &quot;|Near-back<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 90px; text-align: center; &quot;|Back<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 90px; &quot;|<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|ï /i/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|y /ɨ/ ü /ʉ/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|u /u/<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center; &quot;|Close<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|i /ɪ/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|ě /ɪ̈/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|ô /ʊ/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center; &quot;|Near-close<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|ë /e/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|e /ɘ/ ö /ɵ/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|o /o/<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center; &quot;|Close-mid<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|ů /ə/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center; &quot;|Mid<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|å /ʌ/<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center; &quot;|Open-mid<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|ä /æ/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center; &quot;|Near-open<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|a /a/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center; &quot;|Open<br /> |}<br /> <br /> Vowels distinguish on long and short ones. In writing the long vowel is determinated by the akut on the letter ov the vowel. Vowels ''a'', ''e'', ''o'' and ''u'' can be long and short, other can be only short.<br /> <br /> ==Grammar==<br /> <br /> ===Articles===<br /> <br /> There are three determinative articles: ''ůt/to/ta/te'', ''ův/vo/va/ve'' and ''ůn/no/na/ne''.<br /> Articles are required when it's necessary to clear the object spoken about. The difference between the three articles is in position of the object. The ''ůt'' article is used when we can not see the object. The ''ůn'' article is used when we can see the object, but it is far from us. The ''ův'' article is used when we can see the object and it is close to us.<br /> <br /> ===Nouns===<br /> <br /> There are three numbers and 9 cases in Novoslovnica. Also there are three genders - masculine, feminine and neutral.<br /> <br /> :''dom'' - masculine<br /> :''voda'' - feminine<br /> :''slonco'' - neutral<br /> <br /> There are 3 paradigms, which determines practically how the very word changes in cases.<br /> <br /> ===Adjectives===<br /> <br /> Adjectives always precede the noun they're related to.<br /> <br /> There are full and brief adjectives.<br /> <br /> ===Adverbs===<br /> <br /> Adverbs may be identified by adding ''-e'' to an stem of the adjective.<br /> :''jasno'' (clear) → ''jasne'' (clearly)<br /> <br /> ===Pronouns===<br /> <br /> ====Personal pronouns====<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Novbasa !! English<br /> |-<br /> | ''Ja'' || I<br /> |-<br /> | ''ty'' || you<br /> |-<br /> | ''On''/''Ona''/''Ono'' || he/she/it<br /> |-<br /> | ''Ma'' || we two<br /> |-<br /> | ''Va'' || you two<br /> |-<br /> | ''Ona'' || they two<br /> |-<br /> | ''My'' || we<br /> |-<br /> | ''Vy'' || you<br /> |-<br /> | ''Oni'' || they<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ====Possessive pronouns====<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Novbasa !! English<br /> |-<br /> | ''môĵ'' || I, mine<br /> |-<br /> | ''tvôĵ'' || your, yours<br /> |-<br /> | ''jegôĵ''/''jejôĵ'' || his/her, his/hers<br /> |-<br /> | ''naš'' || our, ours<br /> |-<br /> | ''vaš'' || your, yours<br /> |-<br /> | ''Ihniĵ'' || their, theirs<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ====Interrogative pronouns====<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Novbasa !! English<br /> |-<br /> | ''kto'' || who<br /> |-<br /> | ''čto'' || what<br /> |-<br /> | ''dy'' || when<br /> |-<br /> | ''de'' || where<br /> |-<br /> | ''kak'' || how<br /> |-<br /> | ''začto'' || why<br /> |-<br /> | ''kolïko'' || how much<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===Verbs===<br /> <br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Tense !! Novbasa !! English<br /> |-<br /> | Infinitive || ''strojati'' || to build<br /> |-<br /> | Present || ''ja strojam'' || I build<br /> |-<br /> | Present perfect || ''ja sům strojal'' || I have built<br /> |-<br /> | Past || ''Ja strojah'' || I built<br /> |-<br /> | Past perfect || ''Ja byh strojal'' || I had built<br /> |-<br /> | Future || ''Ja hte strojam'' || I will build<br /> |-<br /> | Near future || ''Ja budu strojati'' || I am going to build<br /> |-<br /> | Conditional || ''Ja bih strojal'' || I would build<br /> |-<br /> | Imperative || ''Stroj(aĵ)!'' || build!<br /> |-<br /> | Present Participle || ''Strojačiĵ'' || building<br /> |-<br /> | Past Participle || ''Strojan'' || built<br /> |}<br /> <br /> There are 4 different types of conjuction. Their conjuction depends on what vowels is on the end of the verb's stem. These vowels are: ''a'', ''e'', ''i'', ''u''.<br /> <br /> The reflexive is formed by putting ''sę'' before the verb.<br /> <br /> The passive is formed by dealing with the verb ''byti'' and past participle of the verb.<br /> <br /> ====Byti====<br /> <br /> ''Byti'' (&quot;to be&quot;) is one of irregular verbs.<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Tense !! Novbasa !! English<br /> |-<br /> | Infinitive || ''Byti'' || to be<br /> |-<br /> | Present || ''Ja sům'' || I am<br /> |-<br /> | Present perfect || ''Ja sům byl'' || I have been<br /> |-<br /> | Past || ''Ja byh'' || I was<br /> |-<br /> | Past pefect || ''Ja byh byl'' || I had been<br /> |-<br /> | Future || ''Ja hte sům'' || I will be<br /> |-<br /> | Near future || ''Ja budu'' || I am going to be<br /> |-<br /> | Conditional || ''Ja byh byl'' || I would be<br /> |-<br /> | Imperative || ''Bud'! '' || be!<br /> |-<br /> | Present Participle || ''Sųštyĵ'' || being<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===Numerals===<br /> <br /> ====Сardinal====<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Number !! Cardinal !! Number !! Cardinal<br /> |-<br /> | 0 || ''nôl' '' || 11 || ''jedennaĵčě''<br /> |-<br /> | 1 || ''jeden'' || 20 || ''dvaĵčě''<br /> |-<br /> | 2 || ''dva'' || 21 || ''dvaĵčě i jeden''<br /> |-<br /> | 3 || ''tri'' || 30 || ''triĵčě''<br /> |-<br /> | 4 || ''četyri'' || 40 || ''četyridesět''<br /> |-<br /> | 5 || ''pět '' || 50 || ''pětdesět''<br /> |-<br /> | 6 || ''šest'' || 100 || ''sto''<br /> |-<br /> | 7 || ''sedem'' || 200 || ''dvěstě''<br /> |-<br /> | 8 || ''osem'' || 237 || ''dvěstě triĵčě sedem''<br /> |-<br /> | 9 || ''devět'' || 1000 || ''tysęča''<br /> |-<br /> | 10 || ''desět'' || 2000 || ''dvě tysęčy''<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ====Ordinal====<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Number !! Cardinal !! Number !! Cardinal<br /> |-<br /> | 0 || ''nôlövyĵ'' || 11 || ''jedennaĵčětyĵ''<br /> |-<br /> | 1 || ''půrvyĵ'' || 20 || ''dvaĵčětyĵ''<br /> |-<br /> | 2 || ''vtoryĵ'' || 21 || ''dvaĵčě půrvyĵ''<br /> |-<br /> | 3 || ''tretïĵ'' || 30 || ''triĵčětyĵ''<br /> |-<br /> | 4 || ''četvůrtyĵ'' || 40 || ''četyriĵčětyĵ''<br /> |-<br /> | 5 || ''pětyĵ'' || 50 || ''pětdesětyĵ''<br /> |-<br /> | 6 || ''šestyĵ'' || 100 || ''stotyĵ''<br /> |-<br /> | 7 || ''sedmyĵ'' || 200 || ''dvôhsůtyĵ''<br /> |-<br /> | 8 || ''osmyĵ'' || 237 || ''dvěstě triĵčě sedmyĵ''<br /> |-<br /> | 9 || ''devětyĵ'' || 1000 || ''tysęčnyĵ''<br /> |-<br /> | 10 || ''desětyĵ'' || 2000 || ''dvôhtysęčnyĵ''<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==Lexicon==<br /> <br /> Lexicon is made up from all slavonic languages.<br /> <br /> <br /> ==Translations==<br /> <br /> ===Sample translations===<br /> <br /> '''I must give it to him.'''&lt;br/&gt;<br /> '''I musim dati to mu.'''<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> <br /> *[http://cals.conlang.org/language/novoslovnica/] Novoslovnica in CALS<br /> *[http://nowoslownica.org] The official page of the language<br /> *[http://conworkshop.com/view_language.php?l=NSL] The page on ConWorkShop<br /> *[http://nsl.nowoslownica.org] The wiki in Novoslovnica<br /> <br /> <br /> [[Category:Languages]]<br /> [[Category:Conlangs]]<br /> [[Category:Slavic languages]]</div>

Eakarpov https://linguifex.com/w/index.php?title=Novoslovnica&diff=37650 2015-07-30T17:05:20Z

<p>Eakarpov: /* Numerals */</p> <hr /> <div>{{Infobox language<br /> |name = Novoslovnica<br /> |nativename = Новословница<br /> |pronunciation = [novo'slovnica]<br /> |speakers = <br /> |date = <br /> |familycolor = Indo-European<br /> |fam1 = [[w:Conlang|Conlang]]<br /> |creator = [[User:eakarpov|Yegor Karpov]]<br /> |created = 2014<br /> |setting = <br /> |posteriori = <br /> |script = [[w:Cyrillic script|Cyrillic]], [[w:Latin script|Latin]]<br /> |image = <br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''Novoslovnica''' is a [[constructed language]] created by Yegor Karpov in 2014. Its name is composed by the words ''nov'' (&quot;new&quot;) and ''slovo'' (&quot;word&quot;). Its main features are lexical purism, wealthy phonology and logical stucture. <br /> <br /> ==Phonology and orthography==<br /> <br /> ===Alphabet===<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> ! Latin<br /> |align=center| a/ä/á<br /> |align=center| å<br /> |align=center| b<br /> |align=center| c<br /> |align=center| č<br /> |align=center| d<br /> |align=center| đ<br /> |align=center| e/ë/é<br /> |align=center| ę<br /> |align=center| ě<br /> |align=center| f<br /> |align=center| g<br /> |align=center| ĝ<br /> |align=center| h<br /> |align=center| i/ï<br /> |align=center| j<br /> |align=center| ĵ<br /> |align=center| k<br /> |align=center| l<br /> |align=center| m<br /> |align=center| n<br /> |align=center| o/ö/ó<br /> |align=center| ô<br /> |align=center| p<br /> |align=center| r<br /> |align=center| ř<br /> |align=center| s<br /> |align=center| ŝ<br /> |align=center| š<br /> |align=center| t<br /> |align=center| u/ü/ú<br /> |align=center| ų<br /> |align=center| ů<br /> |align=center| v<br /> |align=center| w<br /> |align=center| x<br /> |align=center| y<br /> |align=center| z<br /> |align=center| ž<br /> |-<br /> ! Cyrillic<br /> |align=center| а/я/á<br /> |align=center| å<br /> |align=center| б<br /> |align=center| ц<br /> |align=center| ч<br /> |align=center| д<br /> |align=center| џ<br /> |align=center| е/є/э<br /> |align=center| ѧ<br /> |align=center| ѣ<br /> |align=center| ф<br /> |align=center| г<br /> |align=center| ґ<br /> |align=center| х<br /> |align=center| и/i<br /> |align=center| j<br /> |align=center| й<br /> |align=center| к<br /> |align=center| л<br /> |align=center| м<br /> |align=center| н<br /> |align=center| о/ё/ó<br /> |align=center| ô<br /> |align=center| п<br /> |align=center| р<br /> |align=center| ҏ<br /> |align=center| с<br /> |align=center| s<br /> |align=center| ш<br /> |align=center| т<br /> |align=center| у/ю/ӯ<br /> |align=center| ų<br /> |align=center| ъ<br /> |align=center| в<br /> |align=center| ў<br /> |align=center| ќ<br /> |align=center| ы<br /> |align=center| з<br /> |align=center| ж<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===Pronunciation===<br /> <br /> Every letter is pronounced in the only way, so it is easy to start reading Novoslovnica after learning the alphabet and the phonology of the language.<br /> <br /> ====Consonants====<br /> {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;1&quot; cellspacing=&quot;1&quot; class=&quot;bluetable lightbluebg&quot;<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 66px; text-align: center; &quot;|Bilabial<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 66px; text-align: center; &quot;|Labio-dental<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 66px; text-align: center; &quot;|Dental<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 66px; text-align: center; &quot;|Alveolar<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 66px; text-align: center; &quot;|Post-alveolar<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 66px; text-align: center; &quot;|Palatal<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 66px; text-align: center; &quot;|Labio-velar<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 66px; text-align: center; &quot;|Velar<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 66px; text-align: center; &quot;|Glottal<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 66px; &quot;|<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|m /m/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|n /n/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center; &quot;|Nasal<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|p /p/ b /b/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|t /t/ d /d/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|k /k/ ĝ /g/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center; &quot;|Plosive<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|f /f/ v /v/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|θ /θ/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|s /s/ z /z/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;| š /ʂ/ ž /ʐ/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|j /ʝ/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|x /x/ g /ɣ/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center; &quot;|Fricative<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|w /ʋ/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|ĵ /j/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center; &quot;|Approximant<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|r /r/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center; &quot;|Trill<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|l /l/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center; &quot;|Lateral<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ====Vowels====<br /> The stress is movable, but it tends to the first syllable of the word's root.<br /> {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;1&quot; cellspacing=&quot;1&quot; class=&quot;bluetable lightbluebg&quot;<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 90px; text-align: center; &quot;|Front<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 90px; text-align: center; &quot;|Near-front<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 90px; text-align: center; &quot;|Central<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 90px; text-align: center; &quot;|Near-back<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 90px; text-align: center; &quot;|Back<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 90px; &quot;|<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|ï /i/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|y /ɨ/ ü /ʉ/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|u /u/<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center; &quot;|Close<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|i /ɪ/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|ě /ɪ̈/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|ô /ʊ/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center; &quot;|Near-close<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|ë /e/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|e /ɘ/ ö /ɵ/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|o /o/<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center; &quot;|Close-mid<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|ů /ə/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center; &quot;|Mid<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|å /ʌ/<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center; &quot;|Open-mid<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|ä /æ/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center; &quot;|Near-open<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|a /a/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center; &quot;|Open<br /> |}<br /> <br /> Vowels distinguish on long and short ones. In writing the long vowel is determinated by the akut on the letter ov the vowel. Vowels ''a'', ''e'', ''o'' and ''u'' can be long and short, other can be only short.<br /> <br /> ==Grammar==<br /> <br /> ===Articles===<br /> <br /> There are three determinative articles: ''ůt/to/ta/te'', ''ův/vo/va/ve'' and ''ůn/no/na/ne''.<br /> Articles are required when it's necessary to clear the object spoken about. The difference between the three articles is in position of the object. The ''ůt'' article is used when we can not see the object. The ''ůn'' article is used when we can see the object, but it is far from us. The ''ův'' article is used when we can see the object and it is close to us.<br /> <br /> ===Nouns===<br /> <br /> There are three numbers and 9 cases in Novoslovnica. Also there are three genders - masculine, feminine and neutral.<br /> <br /> :''dom'' - masculine<br /> :''voda'' - feminine<br /> :''slonco'' - neutral<br /> <br /> There are 3 paradigms, which determines practically how the very word changes in cases.<br /> <br /> ===Adjectives===<br /> <br /> Adjectives always precede the noun they're related to.<br /> <br /> There are full and brief adjectives.<br /> <br /> ===Adverbs===<br /> <br /> Adverbs may be identified by adding ''-e'' to an stem of the adjective.<br /> :''jasno'' (clear) → ''jasne'' (clearly)<br /> <br /> ===Pronouns===<br /> <br /> ====Personal pronouns====<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Novbasa !! English<br /> |-<br /> | ''Ja'' || I<br /> |-<br /> | ''ty'' || you<br /> |-<br /> | ''On''/''Ona''/''Ono'' || he/she/it<br /> |-<br /> | ''Ma'' || we two<br /> |-<br /> | ''Va'' || you two<br /> |-<br /> | ''Ona'' || they two<br /> |-<br /> | ''My'' || we<br /> |-<br /> | ''Vy'' || you<br /> |-<br /> | ''Oni'' || they<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ====Possessive pronouns====<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Novbasa !! English<br /> |-<br /> | ''môĵ'' || I, mine<br /> |-<br /> | ''tvôĵ'' || your, yours<br /> |-<br /> | ''jegôĵ''/''jejôĵ'' || his/her, his/hers<br /> |-<br /> | ''naš'' || our, ours<br /> |-<br /> | ''vaš'' || your, yours<br /> |-<br /> | ''Ihniĵ'' || their, theirs<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ====Interrogative pronouns====<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Novbasa !! English<br /> |-<br /> | ''kto'' || who<br /> |-<br /> | ''čto'' || what<br /> |-<br /> | ''dy'' || when<br /> |-<br /> | ''de'' || where<br /> |-<br /> | ''kak'' || how<br /> |-<br /> | ''začto'' || why<br /> |-<br /> | ''kolïko'' || how much<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===Verbs===<br /> <br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Tense !! Novbasa !! English<br /> |-<br /> | Infinitive || ''strojati'' || to build<br /> |-<br /> | Present || ''ja strojam'' || I build<br /> |-<br /> | Present perfect || ''ja sům strojal'' || I have built<br /> |-<br /> | Past || ''Ja strojah'' || I built<br /> |-<br /> | Past perfect || ''Ja byh strojal'' || I had built<br /> |-<br /> | Future || ''Ja hte strojam'' || I will build<br /> |-<br /> | Near future || ''Ja budu strojati'' || I am going to build<br /> |-<br /> | Conditional || ''Ja bih strojal'' || I would build<br /> |-<br /> | Imperative || ''Stroj(aĵ)!'' || build!<br /> |-<br /> | Present Participle || ''Strojačiĵ'' || building<br /> |-<br /> | Past Participle || ''Strojan'' || built<br /> |}<br /> <br /> There are 4 different types of conjuction. Their conjuction depends on what vowels is on the end of the verb's stem. These vowels are: ''a'', ''e'', ''i'', ''u''.<br /> <br /> The reflexive is formed by putting ''sę'' before the verb.<br /> <br /> The passive is formed by dealing with the verb ''byti'' and past participle of the verb.<br /> <br /> ====Byti====<br /> <br /> ''Byti'' (&quot;to be&quot;) is one of irregular verbs.<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Tense !! Novbasa !! English<br /> |-<br /> | Infinitive || ''Byti'' || to be<br /> |-<br /> | Present || ''Ja sům'' || I am<br /> |-<br /> | Present perfect || ''Ja sům byl'' || I have been<br /> |-<br /> | Past || ''Ja byh'' || I was<br /> |-<br /> | Past pefect || ''Ja byh byl'' || I had been<br /> |-<br /> | Future || ''Ja hte sům'' || I will be<br /> |-<br /> | Near future || ''Ja budu'' || I am going to be<br /> |-<br /> | Conditional || ''Ja byh byl'' || I would be<br /> |-<br /> | Imperative || ''Bud'! '' || be!<br /> |-<br /> | Present Participle || ''Sųštyĵ'' || being<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===Numerals===<br /> <br /> ====Сardinal====<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Number !! Cardinal !! Number !! Cardinal<br /> |-<br /> | 0 || ''nôl' '' || 11 || ''jedennaĵčě''<br /> |-<br /> | 1 || ''jeden'' || 20 || ''dvaĵčě''<br /> |-<br /> | 2 || ''dva'' || 21 || ''dvaĵčě i jeden''<br /> |-<br /> | 3 || ''tri'' || 30 || ''triĵčě''<br /> |-<br /> | 4 || ''četyri'' || 40 || ''četyridesět''<br /> |-<br /> | 5 || ''pět '' || 50 || ''pětdesět''<br /> |-<br /> | 6 || ''šest'' || 100 || ''sto''<br /> |-<br /> | 7 || ''sedem'' || 200 || ''dvěstě''<br /> |-<br /> | 8 || ''osem'' || 237 || ''dvěstě triĵčě sedem''<br /> |-<br /> | 9 || ''devět'' || 1000 || ''tysęča''<br /> |-<br /> | 10 || ''desět'' || 2000 || ''dvě tysęčy''<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ====Ordinal====<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Number !! Cardinal !! Number !! Cardinal<br /> |-<br /> | 0 || ''nôlövyĵ'' || 11 || ''jedennaĵčětyĵ''<br /> |-<br /> | 1 || ''půrvyĵ'' || 20 || ''dvaĵčětyĵ''<br /> |-<br /> | 2 || ''vtoryĵ'' || 21 || ''dvaĵčě půrvyĵ''<br /> |-<br /> | 3 || ''tretïĵ'' || 30 || ''triĵčětyĵ''<br /> |-<br /> | 4 || ''četvůrtyĵ'' || 40 || ''četyriĵčětyĵ''<br /> |-<br /> | 5 || ''pětyĵ'' || 50 || ''pětdesětyĵ''<br /> |-<br /> | 6 || ''šestyĵ'' || 100 || ''stotyĵ''<br /> |-<br /> | 7 || ''sedmyĵ'' || 200 || ''dvôhsůtyĵ''<br /> |-<br /> | 8 || ''osmyĵ'' || 237 || ''dvěstě triĵčě sedmyĵ''<br /> |-<br /> | 9 || ''devětyĵ'' || 1000 || ''tysęčnyĵ''<br /> |-<br /> | 10 || ''desětyĵ'' || 2000 || ''dvôhtysęčnyĵ''<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==Lexicon==<br /> <br /> Lexicon is made up from all slavonic languages.<br /> <br /> <br /> ==Translations==<br /> <br /> ===Sample translations===<br /> <br /> '''I must give it to him.'''&lt;br/&gt;<br /> '''I musim dati to mu.'''<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> <br /> [http://cals.conlang.org/language/novoslovnica/] Novoslovnica in CALS<br /> <br /> <br /> [[Category:Languages]]<br /> [[Category:Conlangs]]<br /> [[Category:Slavic languages]]</div>

Eakarpov https://linguifex.com/w/index.php?title=Novoslovnica&diff=37649 2015-07-30T16:58:18Z

<p>Eakarpov: /* Personal pronouns */</p> <hr /> <div>{{Infobox language<br /> |name = Novoslovnica<br /> |nativename = Новословница<br /> |pronunciation = [novo'slovnica]<br /> |speakers = <br /> |date = <br /> |familycolor = Indo-European<br /> |fam1 = [[w:Conlang|Conlang]]<br /> |creator = [[User:eakarpov|Yegor Karpov]]<br /> |created = 2014<br /> |setting = <br /> |posteriori = <br /> |script = [[w:Cyrillic script|Cyrillic]], [[w:Latin script|Latin]]<br /> |image = <br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''Novoslovnica''' is a [[constructed language]] created by Yegor Karpov in 2014. Its name is composed by the words ''nov'' (&quot;new&quot;) and ''slovo'' (&quot;word&quot;). Its main features are lexical purism, wealthy phonology and logical stucture. <br /> <br /> ==Phonology and orthography==<br /> <br /> ===Alphabet===<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> ! Latin<br /> |align=center| a/ä/á<br /> |align=center| å<br /> |align=center| b<br /> |align=center| c<br /> |align=center| č<br /> |align=center| d<br /> |align=center| đ<br /> |align=center| e/ë/é<br /> |align=center| ę<br /> |align=center| ě<br /> |align=center| f<br /> |align=center| g<br /> |align=center| ĝ<br /> |align=center| h<br /> |align=center| i/ï<br /> |align=center| j<br /> |align=center| ĵ<br /> |align=center| k<br /> |align=center| l<br /> |align=center| m<br /> |align=center| n<br /> |align=center| o/ö/ó<br /> |align=center| ô<br /> |align=center| p<br /> |align=center| r<br /> |align=center| ř<br /> |align=center| s<br /> |align=center| ŝ<br /> |align=center| š<br /> |align=center| t<br /> |align=center| u/ü/ú<br /> |align=center| ų<br /> |align=center| ů<br /> |align=center| v<br /> |align=center| w<br /> |align=center| x<br /> |align=center| y<br /> |align=center| z<br /> |align=center| ž<br /> |-<br /> ! Cyrillic<br /> |align=center| а/я/á<br /> |align=center| å<br /> |align=center| б<br /> |align=center| ц<br /> |align=center| ч<br /> |align=center| д<br /> |align=center| џ<br /> |align=center| е/є/э<br /> |align=center| ѧ<br /> |align=center| ѣ<br /> |align=center| ф<br /> |align=center| г<br /> |align=center| ґ<br /> |align=center| х<br /> |align=center| и/i<br /> |align=center| j<br /> |align=center| й<br /> |align=center| к<br /> |align=center| л<br /> |align=center| м<br /> |align=center| н<br /> |align=center| о/ё/ó<br /> |align=center| ô<br /> |align=center| п<br /> |align=center| р<br /> |align=center| ҏ<br /> |align=center| с<br /> |align=center| s<br /> |align=center| ш<br /> |align=center| т<br /> |align=center| у/ю/ӯ<br /> |align=center| ų<br /> |align=center| ъ<br /> |align=center| в<br /> |align=center| ў<br /> |align=center| ќ<br /> |align=center| ы<br /> |align=center| з<br /> |align=center| ж<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===Pronunciation===<br /> <br /> Every letter is pronounced in the only way, so it is easy to start reading Novoslovnica after learning the alphabet and the phonology of the language.<br /> <br /> ====Consonants====<br /> {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;1&quot; cellspacing=&quot;1&quot; class=&quot;bluetable lightbluebg&quot;<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 66px; text-align: center; &quot;|Bilabial<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 66px; text-align: center; &quot;|Labio-dental<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 66px; text-align: center; &quot;|Dental<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 66px; text-align: center; &quot;|Alveolar<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 66px; text-align: center; &quot;|Post-alveolar<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 66px; text-align: center; &quot;|Palatal<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 66px; text-align: center; &quot;|Labio-velar<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 66px; text-align: center; &quot;|Velar<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 66px; text-align: center; &quot;|Glottal<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 66px; &quot;|<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|m /m/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|n /n/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center; &quot;|Nasal<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|p /p/ b /b/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|t /t/ d /d/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|k /k/ ĝ /g/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center; &quot;|Plosive<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|f /f/ v /v/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|θ /θ/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|s /s/ z /z/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;| š /ʂ/ ž /ʐ/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|j /ʝ/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|x /x/ g /ɣ/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center; &quot;|Fricative<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|w /ʋ/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|ĵ /j/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center; &quot;|Approximant<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|r /r/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center; &quot;|Trill<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|l /l/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center; &quot;|Lateral<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ====Vowels====<br /> The stress is movable, but it tends to the first syllable of the word's root.<br /> {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;1&quot; cellspacing=&quot;1&quot; class=&quot;bluetable lightbluebg&quot;<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 90px; text-align: center; &quot;|Front<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 90px; text-align: center; &quot;|Near-front<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 90px; text-align: center; &quot;|Central<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 90px; text-align: center; &quot;|Near-back<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 90px; text-align: center; &quot;|Back<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 90px; &quot;|<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|ï /i/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|y /ɨ/ ü /ʉ/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|u /u/<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center; &quot;|Close<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|i /ɪ/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|ě /ɪ̈/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|ô /ʊ/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center; &quot;|Near-close<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|ë /e/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|e /ɘ/ ö /ɵ/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|o /o/<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center; &quot;|Close-mid<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|ů /ə/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center; &quot;|Mid<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|å /ʌ/<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center; &quot;|Open-mid<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|ä /æ/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center; &quot;|Near-open<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|a /a/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center; &quot;|Open<br /> |}<br /> <br /> Vowels distinguish on long and short ones. In writing the long vowel is determinated by the akut on the letter ov the vowel. Vowels ''a'', ''e'', ''o'' and ''u'' can be long and short, other can be only short.<br /> <br /> ==Grammar==<br /> <br /> ===Articles===<br /> <br /> There are three determinative articles: ''ůt/to/ta/te'', ''ův/vo/va/ve'' and ''ůn/no/na/ne''.<br /> Articles are required when it's necessary to clear the object spoken about. The difference between the three articles is in position of the object. The ''ůt'' article is used when we can not see the object. The ''ůn'' article is used when we can see the object, but it is far from us. The ''ův'' article is used when we can see the object and it is close to us.<br /> <br /> ===Nouns===<br /> <br /> There are three numbers and 9 cases in Novoslovnica. Also there are three genders - masculine, feminine and neutral.<br /> <br /> :''dom'' - masculine<br /> :''voda'' - feminine<br /> :''slonco'' - neutral<br /> <br /> There are 3 paradigms, which determines practically how the very word changes in cases.<br /> <br /> ===Adjectives===<br /> <br /> Adjectives always precede the noun they're related to.<br /> <br /> There are full and brief adjectives.<br /> <br /> ===Adverbs===<br /> <br /> Adverbs may be identified by adding ''-e'' to an stem of the adjective.<br /> :''jasno'' (clear) → ''jasne'' (clearly)<br /> <br /> ===Pronouns===<br /> <br /> ====Personal pronouns====<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Novbasa !! English<br /> |-<br /> | ''Ja'' || I<br /> |-<br /> | ''ty'' || you<br /> |-<br /> | ''On''/''Ona''/''Ono'' || he/she/it<br /> |-<br /> | ''Ma'' || we two<br /> |-<br /> | ''Va'' || you two<br /> |-<br /> | ''Ona'' || they two<br /> |-<br /> | ''My'' || we<br /> |-<br /> | ''Vy'' || you<br /> |-<br /> | ''Oni'' || they<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ====Possessive pronouns====<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Novbasa !! English<br /> |-<br /> | ''môĵ'' || I, mine<br /> |-<br /> | ''tvôĵ'' || your, yours<br /> |-<br /> | ''jegôĵ''/''jejôĵ'' || his/her, his/hers<br /> |-<br /> | ''naš'' || our, ours<br /> |-<br /> | ''vaš'' || your, yours<br /> |-<br /> | ''Ihniĵ'' || their, theirs<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ====Interrogative pronouns====<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Novbasa !! English<br /> |-<br /> | ''kto'' || who<br /> |-<br /> | ''čto'' || what<br /> |-<br /> | ''dy'' || when<br /> |-<br /> | ''de'' || where<br /> |-<br /> | ''kak'' || how<br /> |-<br /> | ''začto'' || why<br /> |-<br /> | ''kolïko'' || how much<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===Verbs===<br /> <br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Tense !! Novbasa !! English<br /> |-<br /> | Infinitive || ''strojati'' || to build<br /> |-<br /> | Present || ''ja strojam'' || I build<br /> |-<br /> | Present perfect || ''ja sům strojal'' || I have built<br /> |-<br /> | Past || ''Ja strojah'' || I built<br /> |-<br /> | Past perfect || ''Ja byh strojal'' || I had built<br /> |-<br /> | Future || ''Ja hte strojam'' || I will build<br /> |-<br /> | Near future || ''Ja budu strojati'' || I am going to build<br /> |-<br /> | Conditional || ''Ja bih strojal'' || I would build<br /> |-<br /> | Imperative || ''Stroj(aĵ)!'' || build!<br /> |-<br /> | Present Participle || ''Strojačiĵ'' || building<br /> |-<br /> | Past Participle || ''Strojan'' || built<br /> |}<br /> <br /> There are 4 different types of conjuction. Their conjuction depends on what vowels is on the end of the verb's stem. These vowels are: ''a'', ''e'', ''i'', ''u''.<br /> <br /> The reflexive is formed by putting ''sę'' before the verb.<br /> <br /> The passive is formed by dealing with the verb ''byti'' and past participle of the verb.<br /> <br /> ====Byti====<br /> <br /> ''Byti'' (&quot;to be&quot;) is one of irregular verbs.<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Tense !! Novbasa !! English<br /> |-<br /> | Infinitive || ''Byti'' || to be<br /> |-<br /> | Present || ''Ja sům'' || I am<br /> |-<br /> | Present perfect || ''Ja sům byl'' || I have been<br /> |-<br /> | Past || ''Ja byh'' || I was<br /> |-<br /> | Past pefect || ''Ja byh byl'' || I had been<br /> |-<br /> | Future || ''Ja hte sům'' || I will be<br /> |-<br /> | Near future || ''Ja budu'' || I am going to be<br /> |-<br /> | Conditional || ''Ja byh byl'' || I would be<br /> |-<br /> | Imperative || ''Bud'! '' || be!<br /> |-<br /> | Present Participle || ''Sųštyĵ'' || being<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===Numerals===<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Number !! Cardinal !! Number !! Cardinal<br /> |-<br /> | 0 || ''nôl' '' || 11 || ''jedennaĵčě''<br /> |-<br /> | 1 || ''jeden'' || 20 || ''dvaĵčě''<br /> |-<br /> | 2 || ''dva'' || 21 || ''dvaĵčě i jeden''<br /> |-<br /> | 3 || ''tri'' || 30 || ''triĵčě''<br /> |-<br /> | 4 || ''četyri'' || 40 || ''četyridesět''<br /> |-<br /> | 5 || ''pět '' || 50 || ''pětdesět''<br /> |-<br /> | 6 || ''šest'' || 100 || ''sto''<br /> |-<br /> | 7 || ''sedem'' || 200 || ''dvěstě''<br /> |-<br /> | 8 || ''osem'' || 237 || ''dvěstě triĵčě sedem''<br /> |-<br /> | 9 || ''devět'' || 1000 || ''tysęča''<br /> |-<br /> | 10 || ''desět'' || 2000 || ''dvě tysęčy''<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==Lexicon==<br /> <br /> Lexicon is made up from all slavonic languages.<br /> <br /> <br /> ==Translations==<br /> <br /> ===Sample translations===<br /> <br /> '''I must give it to him.'''&lt;br/&gt;<br /> '''I musim dati to mu.'''<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> <br /> [http://cals.conlang.org/language/novoslovnica/] Novoslovnica in CALS<br /> <br /> <br /> [[Category:Languages]]<br /> [[Category:Conlangs]]<br /> [[Category:Slavic languages]]</div>

Eakarpov https://linguifex.com/w/index.php?title=Novoslovnica&diff=37648 2015-07-30T16:56:56Z

<p>Eakarpov: /* Vowels */</p> <hr /> <div>{{Infobox language<br /> |name = Novoslovnica<br /> |nativename = Новословница<br /> |pronunciation = [novo'slovnica]<br /> |speakers = <br /> |date = <br /> |familycolor = Indo-European<br /> |fam1 = [[w:Conlang|Conlang]]<br /> |creator = [[User:eakarpov|Yegor Karpov]]<br /> |created = 2014<br /> |setting = <br /> |posteriori = <br /> |script = [[w:Cyrillic script|Cyrillic]], [[w:Latin script|Latin]]<br /> |image = <br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''Novoslovnica''' is a [[constructed language]] created by Yegor Karpov in 2014. Its name is composed by the words ''nov'' (&quot;new&quot;) and ''slovo'' (&quot;word&quot;). Its main features are lexical purism, wealthy phonology and logical stucture. <br /> <br /> ==Phonology and orthography==<br /> <br /> ===Alphabet===<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> ! Latin<br /> |align=center| a/ä/á<br /> |align=center| å<br /> |align=center| b<br /> |align=center| c<br /> |align=center| č<br /> |align=center| d<br /> |align=center| đ<br /> |align=center| e/ë/é<br /> |align=center| ę<br /> |align=center| ě<br /> |align=center| f<br /> |align=center| g<br /> |align=center| ĝ<br /> |align=center| h<br /> |align=center| i/ï<br /> |align=center| j<br /> |align=center| ĵ<br /> |align=center| k<br /> |align=center| l<br /> |align=center| m<br /> |align=center| n<br /> |align=center| o/ö/ó<br /> |align=center| ô<br /> |align=center| p<br /> |align=center| r<br /> |align=center| ř<br /> |align=center| s<br /> |align=center| ŝ<br /> |align=center| š<br /> |align=center| t<br /> |align=center| u/ü/ú<br /> |align=center| ų<br /> |align=center| ů<br /> |align=center| v<br /> |align=center| w<br /> |align=center| x<br /> |align=center| y<br /> |align=center| z<br /> |align=center| ž<br /> |-<br /> ! Cyrillic<br /> |align=center| а/я/á<br /> |align=center| å<br /> |align=center| б<br /> |align=center| ц<br /> |align=center| ч<br /> |align=center| д<br /> |align=center| џ<br /> |align=center| е/є/э<br /> |align=center| ѧ<br /> |align=center| ѣ<br /> |align=center| ф<br /> |align=center| г<br /> |align=center| ґ<br /> |align=center| х<br /> |align=center| и/i<br /> |align=center| j<br /> |align=center| й<br /> |align=center| к<br /> |align=center| л<br /> |align=center| м<br /> |align=center| н<br /> |align=center| о/ё/ó<br /> |align=center| ô<br /> |align=center| п<br /> |align=center| р<br /> |align=center| ҏ<br /> |align=center| с<br /> |align=center| s<br /> |align=center| ш<br /> |align=center| т<br /> |align=center| у/ю/ӯ<br /> |align=center| ų<br /> |align=center| ъ<br /> |align=center| в<br /> |align=center| ў<br /> |align=center| ќ<br /> |align=center| ы<br /> |align=center| з<br /> |align=center| ж<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===Pronunciation===<br /> <br /> Every letter is pronounced in the only way, so it is easy to start reading Novoslovnica after learning the alphabet and the phonology of the language.<br /> <br /> ====Consonants====<br /> {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;1&quot; cellspacing=&quot;1&quot; class=&quot;bluetable lightbluebg&quot;<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 66px; text-align: center; &quot;|Bilabial<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 66px; text-align: center; &quot;|Labio-dental<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 66px; text-align: center; &quot;|Dental<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 66px; text-align: center; &quot;|Alveolar<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 66px; text-align: center; &quot;|Post-alveolar<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 66px; text-align: center; &quot;|Palatal<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 66px; text-align: center; &quot;|Labio-velar<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 66px; text-align: center; &quot;|Velar<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 66px; text-align: center; &quot;|Glottal<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 66px; &quot;|<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|m /m/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|n /n/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center; &quot;|Nasal<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|p /p/ b /b/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|t /t/ d /d/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|k /k/ ĝ /g/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center; &quot;|Plosive<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|f /f/ v /v/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|θ /θ/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|s /s/ z /z/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;| š /ʂ/ ž /ʐ/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|j /ʝ/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|x /x/ g /ɣ/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center; &quot;|Fricative<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|w /ʋ/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|ĵ /j/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center; &quot;|Approximant<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|r /r/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center; &quot;|Trill<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|l /l/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center; &quot;|Lateral<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ====Vowels====<br /> The stress is movable, but it tends to the first syllable of the word's root.<br /> {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;1&quot; cellspacing=&quot;1&quot; class=&quot;bluetable lightbluebg&quot;<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 90px; text-align: center; &quot;|Front<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 90px; text-align: center; &quot;|Near-front<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 90px; text-align: center; &quot;|Central<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 90px; text-align: center; &quot;|Near-back<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 90px; text-align: center; &quot;|Back<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 90px; &quot;|<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|ï /i/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|y /ɨ/ ü /ʉ/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|u /u/<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center; &quot;|Close<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|i /ɪ/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|ě /ɪ̈/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|ô /ʊ/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center; &quot;|Near-close<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|ë /e/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|e /ɘ/ ö /ɵ/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|o /o/<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center; &quot;|Close-mid<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|ů /ə/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center; &quot;|Mid<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|å /ʌ/<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center; &quot;|Open-mid<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|ä /æ/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center; &quot;|Near-open<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|a /a/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center; &quot;|Open<br /> |}<br /> <br /> Vowels distinguish on long and short ones. In writing the long vowel is determinated by the akut on the letter ov the vowel. Vowels ''a'', ''e'', ''o'' and ''u'' can be long and short, other can be only short.<br /> <br /> ==Grammar==<br /> <br /> ===Articles===<br /> <br /> There are three determinative articles: ''ůt/to/ta/te'', ''ův/vo/va/ve'' and ''ůn/no/na/ne''.<br /> Articles are required when it's necessary to clear the object spoken about. The difference between the three articles is in position of the object. The ''ůt'' article is used when we can not see the object. The ''ůn'' article is used when we can see the object, but it is far from us. The ''ův'' article is used when we can see the object and it is close to us.<br /> <br /> ===Nouns===<br /> <br /> There are three numbers and 9 cases in Novoslovnica. Also there are three genders - masculine, feminine and neutral.<br /> <br /> :''dom'' - masculine<br /> :''voda'' - feminine<br /> :''slonco'' - neutral<br /> <br /> There are 3 paradigms, which determines practically how the very word changes in cases.<br /> <br /> ===Adjectives===<br /> <br /> Adjectives always precede the noun they're related to.<br /> <br /> There are full and brief adjectives.<br /> <br /> ===Adverbs===<br /> <br /> Adverbs may be identified by adding ''-e'' to an stem of the adjective.<br /> :''jasno'' (clear) → ''jasne'' (clearly)<br /> <br /> ===Pronouns===<br /> <br /> ====Personal pronouns====<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Novbasa !! English<br /> |-<br /> | ''Ja'' || I<br /> |-<br /> | ''ty'' || you<br /> |-<br /> | ''On''/''Ona''/''Ono'' || he/she/it<br /> |-<br /> | ''Ma'' || we two<br /> |-<br /> | ''Va'' || you two<br /> |-<br /> | ''Ona'' || they two<br /> |-<br /> | ''My'' || we<br /> |-<br /> | ''Vy'' || you<br /> |-<br /> | ''Oni'' || they<br /> |}<br /> <br /> Possessive adjectives and pronouns.<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Novbasa !! English<br /> |-<br /> | ''môĵ'' || I, mine<br /> |-<br /> | ''tvôĵ'' || your, yours<br /> |-<br /> | ''jegôĵ''/''jejôĵ'' || his/her, his/hers<br /> |-<br /> | ''naš'' || our, ours<br /> |-<br /> | ''vaš'' || your, yours<br /> |-<br /> | ''Ihniĵ'' || their, theirs<br /> |}<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Novbasa !! English<br /> |-<br /> | ''kto'' || who<br /> |-<br /> | ''čto'' || what<br /> |-<br /> | ''dy'' || when<br /> |-<br /> | ''de'' || where<br /> |-<br /> | ''kak'' || how<br /> |-<br /> | ''začto'' || why<br /> |-<br /> | ''kolïko'' || how much<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===Verbs===<br /> <br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Tense !! Novbasa !! English<br /> |-<br /> | Infinitive || ''strojati'' || to build<br /> |-<br /> | Present || ''ja strojam'' || I build<br /> |-<br /> | Present perfect || ''ja sům strojal'' || I have built<br /> |-<br /> | Past || ''Ja strojah'' || I built<br /> |-<br /> | Past perfect || ''Ja byh strojal'' || I had built<br /> |-<br /> | Future || ''Ja hte strojam'' || I will build<br /> |-<br /> | Near future || ''Ja budu strojati'' || I am going to build<br /> |-<br /> | Conditional || ''Ja bih strojal'' || I would build<br /> |-<br /> | Imperative || ''Stroj(aĵ)!'' || build!<br /> |-<br /> | Present Participle || ''Strojačiĵ'' || building<br /> |-<br /> | Past Participle || ''Strojan'' || built<br /> |}<br /> <br /> There are 4 different types of conjuction. Their conjuction depends on what vowels is on the end of the verb's stem. These vowels are: ''a'', ''e'', ''i'', ''u''.<br /> <br /> The reflexive is formed by putting ''sę'' before the verb.<br /> <br /> The passive is formed by dealing with the verb ''byti'' and past participle of the verb.<br /> <br /> ====Byti====<br /> <br /> ''Byti'' (&quot;to be&quot;) is one of irregular verbs.<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Tense !! Novbasa !! English<br /> |-<br /> | Infinitive || ''Byti'' || to be<br /> |-<br /> | Present || ''Ja sům'' || I am<br /> |-<br /> | Present perfect || ''Ja sům byl'' || I have been<br /> |-<br /> | Past || ''Ja byh'' || I was<br /> |-<br /> | Past pefect || ''Ja byh byl'' || I had been<br /> |-<br /> | Future || ''Ja hte sům'' || I will be<br /> |-<br /> | Near future || ''Ja budu'' || I am going to be<br /> |-<br /> | Conditional || ''Ja byh byl'' || I would be<br /> |-<br /> | Imperative || ''Bud'! '' || be!<br /> |-<br /> | Present Participle || ''Sųštyĵ'' || being<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===Numerals===<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Number !! Cardinal !! Number !! Cardinal<br /> |-<br /> | 0 || ''nôl' '' || 11 || ''jedennaĵčě''<br /> |-<br /> | 1 || ''jeden'' || 20 || ''dvaĵčě''<br /> |-<br /> | 2 || ''dva'' || 21 || ''dvaĵčě i jeden''<br /> |-<br /> | 3 || ''tri'' || 30 || ''triĵčě''<br /> |-<br /> | 4 || ''četyri'' || 40 || ''četyridesět''<br /> |-<br /> | 5 || ''pět '' || 50 || ''pětdesět''<br /> |-<br /> | 6 || ''šest'' || 100 || ''sto''<br /> |-<br /> | 7 || ''sedem'' || 200 || ''dvěstě''<br /> |-<br /> | 8 || ''osem'' || 237 || ''dvěstě triĵčě sedem''<br /> |-<br /> | 9 || ''devět'' || 1000 || ''tysęča''<br /> |-<br /> | 10 || ''desět'' || 2000 || ''dvě tysęčy''<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==Lexicon==<br /> <br /> Lexicon is made up from all slavonic languages.<br /> <br /> <br /> ==Translations==<br /> <br /> ===Sample translations===<br /> <br /> '''I must give it to him.'''&lt;br/&gt;<br /> '''I musim dati to mu.'''<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> <br /> [http://cals.conlang.org/language/novoslovnica/] Novoslovnica in CALS<br /> <br /> <br /> [[Category:Languages]]<br /> [[Category:Conlangs]]<br /> [[Category:Slavic languages]]</div>

Eakarpov https://linguifex.com/w/index.php?title=Novoslovnica&diff=37647 2015-07-30T16:54:01Z

<p>Eakarpov: /* Verbs */</p> <hr /> <div>{{Infobox language<br /> |name = Novoslovnica<br /> |nativename = Новословница<br /> |pronunciation = [novo'slovnica]<br /> |speakers = <br /> |date = <br /> |familycolor = Indo-European<br /> |fam1 = [[w:Conlang|Conlang]]<br /> |creator = [[User:eakarpov|Yegor Karpov]]<br /> |created = 2014<br /> |setting = <br /> |posteriori = <br /> |script = [[w:Cyrillic script|Cyrillic]], [[w:Latin script|Latin]]<br /> |image = <br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''Novoslovnica''' is a [[constructed language]] created by Yegor Karpov in 2014. Its name is composed by the words ''nov'' (&quot;new&quot;) and ''slovo'' (&quot;word&quot;). Its main features are lexical purism, wealthy phonology and logical stucture. <br /> <br /> ==Phonology and orthography==<br /> <br /> ===Alphabet===<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> ! Latin<br /> |align=center| a/ä/á<br /> |align=center| å<br /> |align=center| b<br /> |align=center| c<br /> |align=center| č<br /> |align=center| d<br /> |align=center| đ<br /> |align=center| e/ë/é<br /> |align=center| ę<br /> |align=center| ě<br /> |align=center| f<br /> |align=center| g<br /> |align=center| ĝ<br /> |align=center| h<br /> |align=center| i/ï<br /> |align=center| j<br /> |align=center| ĵ<br /> |align=center| k<br /> |align=center| l<br /> |align=center| m<br /> |align=center| n<br /> |align=center| o/ö/ó<br /> |align=center| ô<br /> |align=center| p<br /> |align=center| r<br /> |align=center| ř<br /> |align=center| s<br /> |align=center| ŝ<br /> |align=center| š<br /> |align=center| t<br /> |align=center| u/ü/ú<br /> |align=center| ų<br /> |align=center| ů<br /> |align=center| v<br /> |align=center| w<br /> |align=center| x<br /> |align=center| y<br /> |align=center| z<br /> |align=center| ž<br /> |-<br /> ! Cyrillic<br /> |align=center| а/я/á<br /> |align=center| å<br /> |align=center| б<br /> |align=center| ц<br /> |align=center| ч<br /> |align=center| д<br /> |align=center| џ<br /> |align=center| е/є/э<br /> |align=center| ѧ<br /> |align=center| ѣ<br /> |align=center| ф<br /> |align=center| г<br /> |align=center| ґ<br /> |align=center| х<br /> |align=center| и/i<br /> |align=center| j<br /> |align=center| й<br /> |align=center| к<br /> |align=center| л<br /> |align=center| м<br /> |align=center| н<br /> |align=center| о/ё/ó<br /> |align=center| ô<br /> |align=center| п<br /> |align=center| р<br /> |align=center| ҏ<br /> |align=center| с<br /> |align=center| s<br /> |align=center| ш<br /> |align=center| т<br /> |align=center| у/ю/ӯ<br /> |align=center| ų<br /> |align=center| ъ<br /> |align=center| в<br /> |align=center| ў<br /> |align=center| ќ<br /> |align=center| ы<br /> |align=center| з<br /> |align=center| ж<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===Pronunciation===<br /> <br /> Every letter is pronounced in the only way, so it is easy to start reading Novoslovnica after learning the alphabet and the phonology of the language.<br /> <br /> ====Consonants====<br /> {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;1&quot; cellspacing=&quot;1&quot; class=&quot;bluetable lightbluebg&quot;<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 66px; text-align: center; &quot;|Bilabial<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 66px; text-align: center; &quot;|Labio-dental<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 66px; text-align: center; &quot;|Dental<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 66px; text-align: center; &quot;|Alveolar<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 66px; text-align: center; &quot;|Post-alveolar<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 66px; text-align: center; &quot;|Palatal<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 66px; text-align: center; &quot;|Labio-velar<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 66px; text-align: center; &quot;|Velar<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 66px; text-align: center; &quot;|Glottal<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 66px; &quot;|<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|m /m/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|n /n/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center; &quot;|Nasal<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|p /p/ b /b/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|t /t/ d /d/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|k /k/ ĝ /g/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center; &quot;|Plosive<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|f /f/ v /v/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|θ /θ/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|s /s/ z /z/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;| š /ʂ/ ž /ʐ/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|j /ʝ/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|x /x/ g /ɣ/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center; &quot;|Fricative<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|w /ʋ/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|ĵ /j/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center; &quot;|Approximant<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|r /r/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center; &quot;|Trill<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|l /l/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center; &quot;|Lateral<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ====Vowels====<br /> The stress is movable, but it tends to the first syllable of the word's root.<br /> {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;1&quot; cellspacing=&quot;1&quot; class=&quot;bluetable lightbluebg&quot;<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 90px; text-align: center; &quot;|Front<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 90px; text-align: center; &quot;|Near-front<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 90px; text-align: center; &quot;|Central<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 90px; text-align: center; &quot;|Near-back<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 90px; text-align: center; &quot;|Back<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 90px; &quot;|<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|ï /i/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|y /ɨ/ ü /ʉ/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|u /u/<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center; &quot;|Close<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|i /ɪ/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|ě /ɪ̈/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|ô /ʊ/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center; &quot;|Near-close<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|ë /e/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|e /ɘ/ ö /ɵ/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|o /o/<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center; &quot;|Close-mid<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|ů /ə/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center; &quot;|Mid<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|å /ʌ/<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center; &quot;|Open-mid<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|ä /æ/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center; &quot;|Near-open<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|a /a/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center; &quot;|Open<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==Grammar==<br /> <br /> ===Articles===<br /> <br /> There are three determinative articles: ''ůt/to/ta/te'', ''ův/vo/va/ve'' and ''ůn/no/na/ne''.<br /> Articles are required when it's necessary to clear the object spoken about. The difference between the three articles is in position of the object. The ''ůt'' article is used when we can not see the object. The ''ůn'' article is used when we can see the object, but it is far from us. The ''ův'' article is used when we can see the object and it is close to us.<br /> <br /> ===Nouns===<br /> <br /> There are three numbers and 9 cases in Novoslovnica. Also there are three genders - masculine, feminine and neutral.<br /> <br /> :''dom'' - masculine<br /> :''voda'' - feminine<br /> :''slonco'' - neutral<br /> <br /> There are 3 paradigms, which determines practically how the very word changes in cases.<br /> <br /> ===Adjectives===<br /> <br /> Adjectives always precede the noun they're related to.<br /> <br /> There are full and brief adjectives.<br /> <br /> ===Adverbs===<br /> <br /> Adverbs may be identified by adding ''-e'' to an stem of the adjective.<br /> :''jasno'' (clear) → ''jasne'' (clearly)<br /> <br /> ===Pronouns===<br /> <br /> ====Personal pronouns====<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Novbasa !! English<br /> |-<br /> | ''Ja'' || I<br /> |-<br /> | ''ty'' || you<br /> |-<br /> | ''On''/''Ona''/''Ono'' || he/she/it<br /> |-<br /> | ''Ma'' || we two<br /> |-<br /> | ''Va'' || you two<br /> |-<br /> | ''Ona'' || they two<br /> |-<br /> | ''My'' || we<br /> |-<br /> | ''Vy'' || you<br /> |-<br /> | ''Oni'' || they<br /> |}<br /> <br /> Possessive adjectives and pronouns.<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Novbasa !! English<br /> |-<br /> | ''môĵ'' || I, mine<br /> |-<br /> | ''tvôĵ'' || your, yours<br /> |-<br /> | ''jegôĵ''/''jejôĵ'' || his/her, his/hers<br /> |-<br /> | ''naš'' || our, ours<br /> |-<br /> | ''vaš'' || your, yours<br /> |-<br /> | ''Ihniĵ'' || their, theirs<br /> |}<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Novbasa !! English<br /> |-<br /> | ''kto'' || who<br /> |-<br /> | ''čto'' || what<br /> |-<br /> | ''dy'' || when<br /> |-<br /> | ''de'' || where<br /> |-<br /> | ''kak'' || how<br /> |-<br /> | ''začto'' || why<br /> |-<br /> | ''kolïko'' || how much<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===Verbs===<br /> <br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Tense !! Novbasa !! English<br /> |-<br /> | Infinitive || ''strojati'' || to build<br /> |-<br /> | Present || ''ja strojam'' || I build<br /> |-<br /> | Present perfect || ''ja sům strojal'' || I have built<br /> |-<br /> | Past || ''Ja strojah'' || I built<br /> |-<br /> | Past perfect || ''Ja byh strojal'' || I had built<br /> |-<br /> | Future || ''Ja hte strojam'' || I will build<br /> |-<br /> | Near future || ''Ja budu strojati'' || I am going to build<br /> |-<br /> | Conditional || ''Ja bih strojal'' || I would build<br /> |-<br /> | Imperative || ''Stroj(aĵ)!'' || build!<br /> |-<br /> | Present Participle || ''Strojačiĵ'' || building<br /> |-<br /> | Past Participle || ''Strojan'' || built<br /> |}<br /> <br /> There are 4 different types of conjuction. Their conjuction depends on what vowels is on the end of the verb's stem. These vowels are: ''a'', ''e'', ''i'', ''u''.<br /> <br /> The reflexive is formed by putting ''sę'' before the verb.<br /> <br /> The passive is formed by dealing with the verb ''byti'' and past participle of the verb.<br /> <br /> ====Byti====<br /> <br /> ''Byti'' (&quot;to be&quot;) is one of irregular verbs.<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Tense !! Novbasa !! English<br /> |-<br /> | Infinitive || ''Byti'' || to be<br /> |-<br /> | Present || ''Ja sům'' || I am<br /> |-<br /> | Present perfect || ''Ja sům byl'' || I have been<br /> |-<br /> | Past || ''Ja byh'' || I was<br /> |-<br /> | Past pefect || ''Ja byh byl'' || I had been<br /> |-<br /> | Future || ''Ja hte sům'' || I will be<br /> |-<br /> | Near future || ''Ja budu'' || I am going to be<br /> |-<br /> | Conditional || ''Ja byh byl'' || I would be<br /> |-<br /> | Imperative || ''Bud'! '' || be!<br /> |-<br /> | Present Participle || ''Sųštyĵ'' || being<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===Numerals===<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Number !! Cardinal !! Number !! Cardinal<br /> |-<br /> | 0 || ''nôl' '' || 11 || ''jedennaĵčě''<br /> |-<br /> | 1 || ''jeden'' || 20 || ''dvaĵčě''<br /> |-<br /> | 2 || ''dva'' || 21 || ''dvaĵčě i jeden''<br /> |-<br /> | 3 || ''tri'' || 30 || ''triĵčě''<br /> |-<br /> | 4 || ''četyri'' || 40 || ''četyridesět''<br /> |-<br /> | 5 || ''pět '' || 50 || ''pětdesět''<br /> |-<br /> | 6 || ''šest'' || 100 || ''sto''<br /> |-<br /> | 7 || ''sedem'' || 200 || ''dvěstě''<br /> |-<br /> | 8 || ''osem'' || 237 || ''dvěstě triĵčě sedem''<br /> |-<br /> | 9 || ''devět'' || 1000 || ''tysęča''<br /> |-<br /> | 10 || ''desět'' || 2000 || ''dvě tysęčy''<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==Lexicon==<br /> <br /> Lexicon is made up from all slavonic languages.<br /> <br /> <br /> ==Translations==<br /> <br /> ===Sample translations===<br /> <br /> '''I must give it to him.'''&lt;br/&gt;<br /> '''I musim dati to mu.'''<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> <br /> [http://cals.conlang.org/language/novoslovnica/] Novoslovnica in CALS<br /> <br /> <br /> [[Category:Languages]]<br /> [[Category:Conlangs]]<br /> [[Category:Slavic languages]]</div>

Eakarpov https://linguifex.com/w/index.php?title=Novoslovnica&diff=37646 2015-07-30T14:44:45Z

<p>Eakarpov: /* Vowels */</p> <hr /> <div>{{Infobox language<br /> |name = Novoslovnica<br /> |nativename = Новословница<br /> |pronunciation = [novo'slovnica]<br /> |speakers = <br /> |date = <br /> |familycolor = Indo-European<br /> |fam1 = [[w:Conlang|Conlang]]<br /> |creator = [[User:eakarpov|Yegor Karpov]]<br /> |created = 2014<br /> |setting = <br /> |posteriori = <br /> |script = [[w:Cyrillic script|Cyrillic]], [[w:Latin script|Latin]]<br /> |image = <br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''Novoslovnica''' is a [[constructed language]] created by Yegor Karpov in 2014. Its name is composed by the words ''nov'' (&quot;new&quot;) and ''slovo'' (&quot;word&quot;). Its main features are lexical purism, wealthy phonology and logical stucture. <br /> <br /> ==Phonology and orthography==<br /> <br /> ===Alphabet===<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> ! Latin<br /> |align=center| a/ä/á<br /> |align=center| å<br /> |align=center| b<br /> |align=center| c<br /> |align=center| č<br /> |align=center| d<br /> |align=center| đ<br /> |align=center| e/ë/é<br /> |align=center| ę<br /> |align=center| ě<br /> |align=center| f<br /> |align=center| g<br /> |align=center| ĝ<br /> |align=center| h<br /> |align=center| i/ï<br /> |align=center| j<br /> |align=center| ĵ<br /> |align=center| k<br /> |align=center| l<br /> |align=center| m<br /> |align=center| n<br /> |align=center| o/ö/ó<br /> |align=center| ô<br /> |align=center| p<br /> |align=center| r<br /> |align=center| ř<br /> |align=center| s<br /> |align=center| ŝ<br /> |align=center| š<br /> |align=center| t<br /> |align=center| u/ü/ú<br /> |align=center| ų<br /> |align=center| ů<br /> |align=center| v<br /> |align=center| w<br /> |align=center| x<br /> |align=center| y<br /> |align=center| z<br /> |align=center| ž<br /> |-<br /> ! Cyrillic<br /> |align=center| а/я/á<br /> |align=center| å<br /> |align=center| б<br /> |align=center| ц<br /> |align=center| ч<br /> |align=center| д<br /> |align=center| џ<br /> |align=center| е/є/э<br /> |align=center| ѧ<br /> |align=center| ѣ<br /> |align=center| ф<br /> |align=center| г<br /> |align=center| ґ<br /> |align=center| х<br /> |align=center| и/i<br /> |align=center| j<br /> |align=center| й<br /> |align=center| к<br /> |align=center| л<br /> |align=center| м<br /> |align=center| н<br /> |align=center| о/ё/ó<br /> |align=center| ô<br /> |align=center| п<br /> |align=center| р<br /> |align=center| ҏ<br /> |align=center| с<br /> |align=center| s<br /> |align=center| ш<br /> |align=center| т<br /> |align=center| у/ю/ӯ<br /> |align=center| ų<br /> |align=center| ъ<br /> |align=center| в<br /> |align=center| ў<br /> |align=center| ќ<br /> |align=center| ы<br /> |align=center| з<br /> |align=center| ж<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===Pronunciation===<br /> <br /> Every letter is pronounced in the only way, so it is easy to start reading Novoslovnica after learning the alphabet and the phonology of the language.<br /> <br /> ====Consonants====<br /> {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;1&quot; cellspacing=&quot;1&quot; class=&quot;bluetable lightbluebg&quot;<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 66px; text-align: center; &quot;|Bilabial<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 66px; text-align: center; &quot;|Labio-dental<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 66px; text-align: center; &quot;|Dental<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 66px; text-align: center; &quot;|Alveolar<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 66px; text-align: center; &quot;|Post-alveolar<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 66px; text-align: center; &quot;|Palatal<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 66px; text-align: center; &quot;|Labio-velar<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 66px; text-align: center; &quot;|Velar<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 66px; text-align: center; &quot;|Glottal<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 66px; &quot;|<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|m /m/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|n /n/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center; &quot;|Nasal<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|p /p/ b /b/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|t /t/ d /d/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|k /k/ ĝ /g/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center; &quot;|Plosive<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|f /f/ v /v/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|θ /θ/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|s /s/ z /z/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;| š /ʂ/ ž /ʐ/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|j /ʝ/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|x /x/ g /ɣ/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center; &quot;|Fricative<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|w /ʋ/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|ĵ /j/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center; &quot;|Approximant<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|r /r/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center; &quot;|Trill<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|l /l/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center; &quot;|Lateral<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ====Vowels====<br /> The stress is movable, but it tends to the first syllable of the word's root.<br /> {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;1&quot; cellspacing=&quot;1&quot; class=&quot;bluetable lightbluebg&quot;<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 90px; text-align: center; &quot;|Front<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 90px; text-align: center; &quot;|Near-front<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 90px; text-align: center; &quot;|Central<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 90px; text-align: center; &quot;|Near-back<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 90px; text-align: center; &quot;|Back<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 90px; &quot;|<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|ï /i/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|y /ɨ/ ü /ʉ/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|u /u/<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center; &quot;|Close<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|i /ɪ/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|ě /ɪ̈/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|ô /ʊ/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center; &quot;|Near-close<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|ë /e/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|e /ɘ/ ö /ɵ/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|o /o/<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center; &quot;|Close-mid<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|ů /ə/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center; &quot;|Mid<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|å /ʌ/<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center; &quot;|Open-mid<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|ä /æ/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center; &quot;|Near-open<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|a /a/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center; &quot;|Open<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==Grammar==<br /> <br /> ===Articles===<br /> <br /> There are three determinative articles: ''ůt/to/ta/te'', ''ův/vo/va/ve'' and ''ůn/no/na/ne''.<br /> Articles are required when it's necessary to clear the object spoken about. The difference between the three articles is in position of the object. The ''ůt'' article is used when we can not see the object. The ''ůn'' article is used when we can see the object, but it is far from us. The ''ův'' article is used when we can see the object and it is close to us.<br /> <br /> ===Nouns===<br /> <br /> There are three numbers and 9 cases in Novoslovnica. Also there are three genders - masculine, feminine and neutral.<br /> <br /> :''dom'' - masculine<br /> :''voda'' - feminine<br /> :''slonco'' - neutral<br /> <br /> There are 3 paradigms, which determines practically how the very word changes in cases.<br /> <br /> ===Adjectives===<br /> <br /> Adjectives always precede the noun they're related to.<br /> <br /> There are full and brief adjectives.<br /> <br /> ===Adverbs===<br /> <br /> Adverbs may be identified by adding ''-e'' to an stem of the adjective.<br /> :''jasno'' (clear) → ''jasne'' (clearly)<br /> <br /> ===Pronouns===<br /> <br /> ====Personal pronouns====<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Novbasa !! English<br /> |-<br /> | ''Ja'' || I<br /> |-<br /> | ''ty'' || you<br /> |-<br /> | ''On''/''Ona''/''Ono'' || he/she/it<br /> |-<br /> | ''Ma'' || we two<br /> |-<br /> | ''Va'' || you two<br /> |-<br /> | ''Ona'' || they two<br /> |-<br /> | ''My'' || we<br /> |-<br /> | ''Vy'' || you<br /> |-<br /> | ''Oni'' || they<br /> |}<br /> <br /> Possessive adjectives and pronouns.<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Novbasa !! English<br /> |-<br /> | ''môĵ'' || I, mine<br /> |-<br /> | ''tvôĵ'' || your, yours<br /> |-<br /> | ''jegôĵ''/''jejôĵ'' || his/her, his/hers<br /> |-<br /> | ''naš'' || our, ours<br /> |-<br /> | ''vaš'' || your, yours<br /> |-<br /> | ''Ihniĵ'' || their, theirs<br /> |}<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Novbasa !! English<br /> |-<br /> | ''kto'' || who<br /> |-<br /> | ''čto'' || what<br /> |-<br /> | ''dy'' || when<br /> |-<br /> | ''de'' || where<br /> |-<br /> | ''kak'' || how<br /> |-<br /> | ''začto'' || why<br /> |-<br /> | ''kolïko'' || how much<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===Verbs===<br /> <br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Tense !! Novbasa !! English<br /> |-<br /> | Infinitive || ''strojati'' || to build<br /> |-<br /> | Present || ''ja strojam'' || I build<br /> |-<br /> | Present perfect || ''ja sům strojal'' || I have built<br /> |-<br /> | Past || ''Ja strojah'' || I built<br /> |-<br /> | Past perfect || ''Ja byh strojal'' || I had built<br /> |-<br /> | Future || ''Ja hte strojam'' || I will build<br /> |-<br /> | Near future || ''Ja budu strojati'' || I am going to build<br /> |-<br /> | Conditional || ''Ja bih strojal'' || I would build<br /> |-<br /> | Imperative || ''Stroj(aĵ)!'' || build!<br /> |-<br /> | Present Participle || ''Strojačiĵ'' || building<br /> |-<br /> | Past Participle || ''Strojan'' || built<br /> |}<br /> <br /> The reflexive is formed by putting ''sę'' before the verb.<br /> <br /> The passive is formed by dealing with the verb ''byti'' and past participle of the verb.<br /> <br /> ====Byti====<br /> <br /> ''Byti'' (&quot;to be&quot;) is one of irregular verbs.<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Tense !! Novbasa !! English<br /> |-<br /> | Infinitive || ''Byti'' || to be<br /> |-<br /> | Present || ''Ja sům'' || I am<br /> |-<br /> | Present perfect || ''Ja sům byl'' || I have been<br /> |-<br /> | Past || ''Ja byh'' || I was<br /> |-<br /> | Past pefect || ''Ja byh byl'' || I had been<br /> |-<br /> | Future || ''Ja hte sům'' || I will be<br /> |-<br /> | Near future || ''Ja budu'' || I am going to be<br /> |-<br /> | Conditional || ''Ja byh byl'' || I would be<br /> |-<br /> | Imperative || ''Bud'! '' || be!<br /> |-<br /> | Present Participle || ''Sųštyĵ'' || being<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===Numerals===<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Number !! Cardinal !! Number !! Cardinal<br /> |-<br /> | 0 || ''nôl' '' || 11 || ''jedennaĵčě''<br /> |-<br /> | 1 || ''jeden'' || 20 || ''dvaĵčě''<br /> |-<br /> | 2 || ''dva'' || 21 || ''dvaĵčě i jeden''<br /> |-<br /> | 3 || ''tri'' || 30 || ''triĵčě''<br /> |-<br /> | 4 || ''četyri'' || 40 || ''četyridesět''<br /> |-<br /> | 5 || ''pět '' || 50 || ''pětdesět''<br /> |-<br /> | 6 || ''šest'' || 100 || ''sto''<br /> |-<br /> | 7 || ''sedem'' || 200 || ''dvěstě''<br /> |-<br /> | 8 || ''osem'' || 237 || ''dvěstě triĵčě sedem''<br /> |-<br /> | 9 || ''devět'' || 1000 || ''tysęča''<br /> |-<br /> | 10 || ''desět'' || 2000 || ''dvě tysęčy''<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==Lexicon==<br /> <br /> Lexicon is made up from all slavonic languages.<br /> <br /> <br /> ==Translations==<br /> <br /> ===Sample translations===<br /> <br /> '''I must give it to him.'''&lt;br/&gt;<br /> '''I musim dati to mu.'''<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> <br /> [http://cals.conlang.org/language/novoslovnica/] Novoslovnica in CALS<br /> <br /> <br /> [[Category:Languages]]<br /> [[Category:Conlangs]]<br /> [[Category:Slavic languages]]</div>

Eakarpov https://linguifex.com/w/index.php?title=Novoslovnica&diff=37644 2015-07-30T14:10:55Z

<p>Eakarpov: /* Vowels */</p> <hr /> <div>{{Infobox language<br /> |name = Novoslovnica<br /> |nativename = Новословница<br /> |pronunciation = [novo'slovnica]<br /> |speakers = <br /> |date = <br /> |familycolor = Indo-European<br /> |fam1 = [[w:Conlang|Conlang]]<br /> |creator = [[User:eakarpov|Yegor Karpov]]<br /> |created = 2014<br /> |setting = <br /> |posteriori = <br /> |script = [[w:Cyrillic script|Cyrillic]], [[w:Latin script|Latin]]<br /> |image = <br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''Novoslovnica''' is a [[constructed language]] created by Yegor Karpov in 2014. Its name is composed by the words ''nov'' (&quot;new&quot;) and ''slovo'' (&quot;word&quot;). Its main features are lexical purism, wealthy phonology and logical stucture. <br /> <br /> ==Phonology and orthography==<br /> <br /> ===Alphabet===<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> ! Latin<br /> |align=center| a/ä/á<br /> |align=center| å<br /> |align=center| b<br /> |align=center| c<br /> |align=center| č<br /> |align=center| d<br /> |align=center| đ<br /> |align=center| e/ë/é<br /> |align=center| ę<br /> |align=center| ě<br /> |align=center| f<br /> |align=center| g<br /> |align=center| ĝ<br /> |align=center| h<br /> |align=center| i/ï<br /> |align=center| j<br /> |align=center| ĵ<br /> |align=center| k<br /> |align=center| l<br /> |align=center| m<br /> |align=center| n<br /> |align=center| o/ö/ó<br /> |align=center| ô<br /> |align=center| p<br /> |align=center| r<br /> |align=center| ř<br /> |align=center| s<br /> |align=center| ŝ<br /> |align=center| š<br /> |align=center| t<br /> |align=center| u/ü/ú<br /> |align=center| ų<br /> |align=center| ů<br /> |align=center| v<br /> |align=center| w<br /> |align=center| x<br /> |align=center| y<br /> |align=center| z<br /> |align=center| ž<br /> |-<br /> ! Cyrillic<br /> |align=center| а/я/á<br /> |align=center| å<br /> |align=center| б<br /> |align=center| ц<br /> |align=center| ч<br /> |align=center| д<br /> |align=center| џ<br /> |align=center| е/є/э<br /> |align=center| ѧ<br /> |align=center| ѣ<br /> |align=center| ф<br /> |align=center| г<br /> |align=center| ґ<br /> |align=center| х<br /> |align=center| и/i<br /> |align=center| j<br /> |align=center| й<br /> |align=center| к<br /> |align=center| л<br /> |align=center| м<br /> |align=center| н<br /> |align=center| о/ё/ó<br /> |align=center| ô<br /> |align=center| п<br /> |align=center| р<br /> |align=center| ҏ<br /> |align=center| с<br /> |align=center| s<br /> |align=center| ш<br /> |align=center| т<br /> |align=center| у/ю/ӯ<br /> |align=center| ų<br /> |align=center| ъ<br /> |align=center| в<br /> |align=center| ў<br /> |align=center| ќ<br /> |align=center| ы<br /> |align=center| з<br /> |align=center| ж<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===Pronunciation===<br /> <br /> Every letter is pronounced in the only way, so it is easy to start reading Novoslovnica after learning the alphabet and the phonology of the language.<br /> <br /> ====Consonants====<br /> {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;1&quot; cellspacing=&quot;1&quot; class=&quot;bluetable lightbluebg&quot;<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 66px; text-align: center; &quot;|Bilabial<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 66px; text-align: center; &quot;|Labio-dental<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 66px; text-align: center; &quot;|Dental<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 66px; text-align: center; &quot;|Alveolar<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 66px; text-align: center; &quot;|Post-alveolar<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 66px; text-align: center; &quot;|Palatal<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 66px; text-align: center; &quot;|Labio-velar<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 66px; text-align: center; &quot;|Velar<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 66px; text-align: center; &quot;|Glottal<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 66px; &quot;|<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|m /m/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|n /n/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center; &quot;|Nasal<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|p /p/ b /b/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|t /t/ d /d/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|k /k/ ĝ /g/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center; &quot;|Plosive<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|f /f/ v /v/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|θ /θ/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|s /s/ z /z/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;| š /ʂ/ ž /ʐ/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|j /ʝ/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|x /x/ g /ɣ/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center; &quot;|Fricative<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|w /ʋ/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|ĵ /j/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center; &quot;|Approximant<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|r /r/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center; &quot;|Trill<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|l /l/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center; &quot;|Lateral<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ====Vowels====<br /> The stress is movable, but it tends to the first syllable of the word's root.<br /> {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;1&quot; cellspacing=&quot;1&quot; class=&quot;bluetable lightbluebg&quot;<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 90px; text-align: center; &quot;|Front<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 90px; text-align: center; &quot;|Near-front<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 90px; text-align: center; &quot;|Central<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 90px; text-align: center; &quot;|Near-back<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 90px; text-align: center; &quot;|Back<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 90px; &quot;|<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|í /i/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|ú /u:/<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center; &quot;|Close<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|i /ɪ/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|y /ʊ/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center; &quot;|Near-close<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|é /e:/, /e˞ː/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|ó /o:/<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center; &quot;|Close-mid<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|e /ə/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center; &quot;|Mid<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|e /ɛ/, /ɛ˞ː/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|/ɝː/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|u /ʌ/ '''·''' œ /ɔ/, or /ɔ˞ː/<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center; &quot;|Open-mid<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|æ /æ/ (æ̝ˑ)<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center; &quot;|Near-open<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|a /ɑ/, ar /ɑ˞/<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center; &quot;|Open<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==Grammar==<br /> <br /> ===Articles===<br /> <br /> There are three determinative articles: ''ůt/to/ta/te'', ''ův/vo/va/ve'' and ''ůn/no/na/ne''.<br /> Articles are required when it's necessary to clear the object spoken about. The difference between the three articles is in position of the object. The ''ůt'' article is used when we can not see the object. The ''ůn'' article is used when we can see the object, but it is far from us. The ''ův'' article is used when we can see the object and it is close to us.<br /> <br /> ===Nouns===<br /> <br /> There are three numbers and 9 cases in Novoslovnica. Also there are three genders - masculine, feminine and neutral.<br /> <br /> :''dom'' - masculine<br /> :''voda'' - feminine<br /> :''slonco'' - neutral<br /> <br /> There are 3 paradigms, which determines practically how the very word changes in cases.<br /> <br /> ===Adjectives===<br /> <br /> Adjectives always precede the noun they're related to.<br /> <br /> There are full and brief adjectives.<br /> <br /> ===Adverbs===<br /> <br /> Adverbs may be identified by adding ''-e'' to an stem of the adjective.<br /> :''jasno'' (clear) → ''jasne'' (clearly)<br /> <br /> ===Pronouns===<br /> <br /> ====Personal pronouns====<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Novbasa !! English<br /> |-<br /> | ''Ja'' || I<br /> |-<br /> | ''ty'' || you<br /> |-<br /> | ''On''/''Ona''/''Ono'' || he/she/it<br /> |-<br /> | ''Ma'' || we two<br /> |-<br /> | ''Va'' || you two<br /> |-<br /> | ''Ona'' || they two<br /> |-<br /> | ''My'' || we<br /> |-<br /> | ''Vy'' || you<br /> |-<br /> | ''Oni'' || they<br /> |}<br /> <br /> Possessive adjectives and pronouns.<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Novbasa !! English<br /> |-<br /> | ''môĵ'' || I, mine<br /> |-<br /> | ''tvôĵ'' || your, yours<br /> |-<br /> | ''jegôĵ''/''jejôĵ'' || his/her, his/hers<br /> |-<br /> | ''naš'' || our, ours<br /> |-<br /> | ''vaš'' || your, yours<br /> |-<br /> | ''Ihniĵ'' || their, theirs<br /> |}<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Novbasa !! English<br /> |-<br /> | ''kto'' || who<br /> |-<br /> | ''čto'' || what<br /> |-<br /> | ''dy'' || when<br /> |-<br /> | ''de'' || where<br /> |-<br /> | ''kak'' || how<br /> |-<br /> | ''začto'' || why<br /> |-<br /> | ''kolïko'' || how much<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===Verbs===<br /> <br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Tense !! Novbasa !! English<br /> |-<br /> | Infinitive || ''strojati'' || to build<br /> |-<br /> | Present || ''ja strojam'' || I build<br /> |-<br /> | Present perfect || ''ja sům strojal'' || I have built<br /> |-<br /> | Past || ''Ja strojah'' || I built<br /> |-<br /> | Past perfect || ''Ja byh strojal'' || I had built<br /> |-<br /> | Future || ''Ja hte strojam'' || I will build<br /> |-<br /> | Near future || ''Ja budu strojati'' || I am going to build<br /> |-<br /> | Conditional || ''Ja bih strojal'' || I would build<br /> |-<br /> | Imperative || ''Stroj(aĵ)!'' || build!<br /> |-<br /> | Present Participle || ''Strojačiĵ'' || building<br /> |-<br /> | Past Participle || ''Strojan'' || built<br /> |}<br /> <br /> The reflexive is formed by putting ''sę'' before the verb.<br /> <br /> The passive is formed by dealing with the verb ''byti'' and past participle of the verb.<br /> <br /> ====Byti====<br /> <br /> ''Byti'' (&quot;to be&quot;) is one of irregular verbs.<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Tense !! Novbasa !! English<br /> |-<br /> | Infinitive || ''Byti'' || to be<br /> |-<br /> | Present || ''Ja sům'' || I am<br /> |-<br /> | Present perfect || ''Ja sům byl'' || I have been<br /> |-<br /> | Past || ''Ja byh'' || I was<br /> |-<br /> | Past pefect || ''Ja byh byl'' || I had been<br /> |-<br /> | Future || ''Ja hte sům'' || I will be<br /> |-<br /> | Near future || ''Ja budu'' || I am going to be<br /> |-<br /> | Conditional || ''Ja byh byl'' || I would be<br /> |-<br /> | Imperative || ''Bud'! '' || be!<br /> |-<br /> | Present Participle || ''Sųštyĵ'' || being<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===Numerals===<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Number !! Cardinal !! Number !! Cardinal<br /> |-<br /> | 0 || ''nôl' '' || 11 || ''jedennaĵčě''<br /> |-<br /> | 1 || ''jeden'' || 20 || ''dvaĵčě''<br /> |-<br /> | 2 || ''dva'' || 21 || ''dvaĵčě i jeden''<br /> |-<br /> | 3 || ''tri'' || 30 || ''triĵčě''<br /> |-<br /> | 4 || ''četyri'' || 40 || ''četyridesět''<br /> |-<br /> | 5 || ''pět '' || 50 || ''pětdesět''<br /> |-<br /> | 6 || ''šest'' || 100 || ''sto''<br /> |-<br /> | 7 || ''sedem'' || 200 || ''dvěstě''<br /> |-<br /> | 8 || ''osem'' || 237 || ''dvěstě triĵčě sedem''<br /> |-<br /> | 9 || ''devět'' || 1000 || ''tysęča''<br /> |-<br /> | 10 || ''desět'' || 2000 || ''dvě tysęčy''<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==Lexicon==<br /> <br /> Lexicon is made up from all slavonic languages.<br /> <br /> <br /> ==Translations==<br /> <br /> ===Sample translations===<br /> <br /> '''I must give it to him.'''&lt;br/&gt;<br /> '''I musim dati to mu.'''<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> <br /> [http://cals.conlang.org/language/novoslovnica/] Novoslovnica in CALS<br /> <br /> <br /> [[Category:Languages]]<br /> [[Category:Conlangs]]<br /> [[Category:Slavic languages]]</div>

Eakarpov https://linguifex.com/w/index.php?title=Novoslovnica&diff=37643 2015-07-30T14:08:59Z

<p>Eakarpov: /* Consonants */</p> <hr /> <div>{{Infobox language<br /> |name = Novoslovnica<br /> |nativename = Новословница<br /> |pronunciation = [novo'slovnica]<br /> |speakers = <br /> |date = <br /> |familycolor = Indo-European<br /> |fam1 = [[w:Conlang|Conlang]]<br /> |creator = [[User:eakarpov|Yegor Karpov]]<br /> |created = 2014<br /> |setting = <br /> |posteriori = <br /> |script = [[w:Cyrillic script|Cyrillic]], [[w:Latin script|Latin]]<br /> |image = <br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''Novoslovnica''' is a [[constructed language]] created by Yegor Karpov in 2014. Its name is composed by the words ''nov'' (&quot;new&quot;) and ''slovo'' (&quot;word&quot;). Its main features are lexical purism, wealthy phonology and logical stucture. <br /> <br /> ==Phonology and orthography==<br /> <br /> ===Alphabet===<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> ! Latin<br /> |align=center| a/ä/á<br /> |align=center| å<br /> |align=center| b<br /> |align=center| c<br /> |align=center| č<br /> |align=center| d<br /> |align=center| đ<br /> |align=center| e/ë/é<br /> |align=center| ę<br /> |align=center| ě<br /> |align=center| f<br /> |align=center| g<br /> |align=center| ĝ<br /> |align=center| h<br /> |align=center| i/ï<br /> |align=center| j<br /> |align=center| ĵ<br /> |align=center| k<br /> |align=center| l<br /> |align=center| m<br /> |align=center| n<br /> |align=center| o/ö/ó<br /> |align=center| ô<br /> |align=center| p<br /> |align=center| r<br /> |align=center| ř<br /> |align=center| s<br /> |align=center| ŝ<br /> |align=center| š<br /> |align=center| t<br /> |align=center| u/ü/ú<br /> |align=center| ų<br /> |align=center| ů<br /> |align=center| v<br /> |align=center| w<br /> |align=center| x<br /> |align=center| y<br /> |align=center| z<br /> |align=center| ž<br /> |-<br /> ! Cyrillic<br /> |align=center| а/я/á<br /> |align=center| å<br /> |align=center| б<br /> |align=center| ц<br /> |align=center| ч<br /> |align=center| д<br /> |align=center| џ<br /> |align=center| е/є/э<br /> |align=center| ѧ<br /> |align=center| ѣ<br /> |align=center| ф<br /> |align=center| г<br /> |align=center| ґ<br /> |align=center| х<br /> |align=center| и/i<br /> |align=center| j<br /> |align=center| й<br /> |align=center| к<br /> |align=center| л<br /> |align=center| м<br /> |align=center| н<br /> |align=center| о/ё/ó<br /> |align=center| ô<br /> |align=center| п<br /> |align=center| р<br /> |align=center| ҏ<br /> |align=center| с<br /> |align=center| s<br /> |align=center| ш<br /> |align=center| т<br /> |align=center| у/ю/ӯ<br /> |align=center| ų<br /> |align=center| ъ<br /> |align=center| в<br /> |align=center| ў<br /> |align=center| ќ<br /> |align=center| ы<br /> |align=center| з<br /> |align=center| ж<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===Pronunciation===<br /> <br /> Every letter is pronounced in the only way, so it is easy to start reading Novoslovnica after learning the alphabet and the phonology of the language.<br /> <br /> ====Consonants====<br /> {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;1&quot; cellspacing=&quot;1&quot; class=&quot;bluetable lightbluebg&quot;<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 66px; text-align: center; &quot;|Bilabial<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 66px; text-align: center; &quot;|Labio-dental<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 66px; text-align: center; &quot;|Dental<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 66px; text-align: center; &quot;|Alveolar<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 66px; text-align: center; &quot;|Post-alveolar<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 66px; text-align: center; &quot;|Palatal<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 66px; text-align: center; &quot;|Labio-velar<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 66px; text-align: center; &quot;|Velar<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 66px; text-align: center; &quot;|Glottal<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 66px; &quot;|<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|m /m/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|n /n/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center; &quot;|Nasal<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|p /p/ b /b/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|t /t/ d /d/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|k /k/ ĝ /g/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center; &quot;|Plosive<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|f /f/ v /v/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|θ /θ/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|s /s/ z /z/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;| š /ʂ/ ž /ʐ/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|j /ʝ/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|x /x/ g /ɣ/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center; &quot;|Fricative<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|w /ʋ/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|ĵ /j/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center; &quot;|Approximant<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|r /r/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center; &quot;|Trill<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|l /l/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center; &quot;|Lateral<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ====Vowels====<br /> The stress is movable, but it tends to the first syllable of the word's root.<br /> <br /> ==Grammar==<br /> <br /> ===Articles===<br /> <br /> There are three determinative articles: ''ůt/to/ta/te'', ''ův/vo/va/ve'' and ''ůn/no/na/ne''.<br /> Articles are required when it's necessary to clear the object spoken about. The difference between the three articles is in position of the object. The ''ůt'' article is used when we can not see the object. The ''ůn'' article is used when we can see the object, but it is far from us. The ''ův'' article is used when we can see the object and it is close to us.<br /> <br /> ===Nouns===<br /> <br /> There are three numbers and 9 cases in Novoslovnica. Also there are three genders - masculine, feminine and neutral.<br /> <br /> :''dom'' - masculine<br /> :''voda'' - feminine<br /> :''slonco'' - neutral<br /> <br /> There are 3 paradigms, which determines practically how the very word changes in cases.<br /> <br /> ===Adjectives===<br /> <br /> Adjectives always precede the noun they're related to.<br /> <br /> There are full and brief adjectives.<br /> <br /> ===Adverbs===<br /> <br /> Adverbs may be identified by adding ''-e'' to an stem of the adjective.<br /> :''jasno'' (clear) → ''jasne'' (clearly)<br /> <br /> ===Pronouns===<br /> <br /> ====Personal pronouns====<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Novbasa !! English<br /> |-<br /> | ''Ja'' || I<br /> |-<br /> | ''ty'' || you<br /> |-<br /> | ''On''/''Ona''/''Ono'' || he/she/it<br /> |-<br /> | ''Ma'' || we two<br /> |-<br /> | ''Va'' || you two<br /> |-<br /> | ''Ona'' || they two<br /> |-<br /> | ''My'' || we<br /> |-<br /> | ''Vy'' || you<br /> |-<br /> | ''Oni'' || they<br /> |}<br /> <br /> Possessive adjectives and pronouns.<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Novbasa !! English<br /> |-<br /> | ''môĵ'' || I, mine<br /> |-<br /> | ''tvôĵ'' || your, yours<br /> |-<br /> | ''jegôĵ''/''jejôĵ'' || his/her, his/hers<br /> |-<br /> | ''naš'' || our, ours<br /> |-<br /> | ''vaš'' || your, yours<br /> |-<br /> | ''Ihniĵ'' || their, theirs<br /> |}<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Novbasa !! English<br /> |-<br /> | ''kto'' || who<br /> |-<br /> | ''čto'' || what<br /> |-<br /> | ''dy'' || when<br /> |-<br /> | ''de'' || where<br /> |-<br /> | ''kak'' || how<br /> |-<br /> | ''začto'' || why<br /> |-<br /> | ''kolïko'' || how much<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===Verbs===<br /> <br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Tense !! Novbasa !! English<br /> |-<br /> | Infinitive || ''strojati'' || to build<br /> |-<br /> | Present || ''ja strojam'' || I build<br /> |-<br /> | Present perfect || ''ja sům strojal'' || I have built<br /> |-<br /> | Past || ''Ja strojah'' || I built<br /> |-<br /> | Past perfect || ''Ja byh strojal'' || I had built<br /> |-<br /> | Future || ''Ja hte strojam'' || I will build<br /> |-<br /> | Near future || ''Ja budu strojati'' || I am going to build<br /> |-<br /> | Conditional || ''Ja bih strojal'' || I would build<br /> |-<br /> | Imperative || ''Stroj(aĵ)!'' || build!<br /> |-<br /> | Present Participle || ''Strojačiĵ'' || building<br /> |-<br /> | Past Participle || ''Strojan'' || built<br /> |}<br /> <br /> The reflexive is formed by putting ''sę'' before the verb.<br /> <br /> The passive is formed by dealing with the verb ''byti'' and past participle of the verb.<br /> <br /> ====Byti====<br /> <br /> ''Byti'' (&quot;to be&quot;) is one of irregular verbs.<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Tense !! Novbasa !! English<br /> |-<br /> | Infinitive || ''Byti'' || to be<br /> |-<br /> | Present || ''Ja sům'' || I am<br /> |-<br /> | Present perfect || ''Ja sům byl'' || I have been<br /> |-<br /> | Past || ''Ja byh'' || I was<br /> |-<br /> | Past pefect || ''Ja byh byl'' || I had been<br /> |-<br /> | Future || ''Ja hte sům'' || I will be<br /> |-<br /> | Near future || ''Ja budu'' || I am going to be<br /> |-<br /> | Conditional || ''Ja byh byl'' || I would be<br /> |-<br /> | Imperative || ''Bud'! '' || be!<br /> |-<br /> | Present Participle || ''Sųštyĵ'' || being<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===Numerals===<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Number !! Cardinal !! Number !! Cardinal<br /> |-<br /> | 0 || ''nôl' '' || 11 || ''jedennaĵčě''<br /> |-<br /> | 1 || ''jeden'' || 20 || ''dvaĵčě''<br /> |-<br /> | 2 || ''dva'' || 21 || ''dvaĵčě i jeden''<br /> |-<br /> | 3 || ''tri'' || 30 || ''triĵčě''<br /> |-<br /> | 4 || ''četyri'' || 40 || ''četyridesět''<br /> |-<br /> | 5 || ''pět '' || 50 || ''pětdesět''<br /> |-<br /> | 6 || ''šest'' || 100 || ''sto''<br /> |-<br /> | 7 || ''sedem'' || 200 || ''dvěstě''<br /> |-<br /> | 8 || ''osem'' || 237 || ''dvěstě triĵčě sedem''<br /> |-<br /> | 9 || ''devět'' || 1000 || ''tysęča''<br /> |-<br /> | 10 || ''desět'' || 2000 || ''dvě tysęčy''<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==Lexicon==<br /> <br /> Lexicon is made up from all slavonic languages.<br /> <br /> <br /> ==Translations==<br /> <br /> ===Sample translations===<br /> <br /> '''I must give it to him.'''&lt;br/&gt;<br /> '''I musim dati to mu.'''<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> <br /> [http://cals.conlang.org/language/novoslovnica/] Novoslovnica in CALS<br /> <br /> <br /> [[Category:Languages]]<br /> [[Category:Conlangs]]<br /> [[Category:Slavic languages]]</div>

Eakarpov https://linguifex.com/w/index.php?title=Novoslovnica&diff=37642 2015-07-30T14:08:18Z

<p>Eakarpov: /* Pronunciation */</p> <hr /> <div>{{Infobox language<br /> |name = Novoslovnica<br /> |nativename = Новословница<br /> |pronunciation = [novo'slovnica]<br /> |speakers = <br /> |date = <br /> |familycolor = Indo-European<br /> |fam1 = [[w:Conlang|Conlang]]<br /> |creator = [[User:eakarpov|Yegor Karpov]]<br /> |created = 2014<br /> |setting = <br /> |posteriori = <br /> |script = [[w:Cyrillic script|Cyrillic]], [[w:Latin script|Latin]]<br /> |image = <br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''Novoslovnica''' is a [[constructed language]] created by Yegor Karpov in 2014. Its name is composed by the words ''nov'' (&quot;new&quot;) and ''slovo'' (&quot;word&quot;). Its main features are lexical purism, wealthy phonology and logical stucture. <br /> <br /> ==Phonology and orthography==<br /> <br /> ===Alphabet===<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> ! Latin<br /> |align=center| a/ä/á<br /> |align=center| å<br /> |align=center| b<br /> |align=center| c<br /> |align=center| č<br /> |align=center| d<br /> |align=center| đ<br /> |align=center| e/ë/é<br /> |align=center| ę<br /> |align=center| ě<br /> |align=center| f<br /> |align=center| g<br /> |align=center| ĝ<br /> |align=center| h<br /> |align=center| i/ï<br /> |align=center| j<br /> |align=center| ĵ<br /> |align=center| k<br /> |align=center| l<br /> |align=center| m<br /> |align=center| n<br /> |align=center| o/ö/ó<br /> |align=center| ô<br /> |align=center| p<br /> |align=center| r<br /> |align=center| ř<br /> |align=center| s<br /> |align=center| ŝ<br /> |align=center| š<br /> |align=center| t<br /> |align=center| u/ü/ú<br /> |align=center| ų<br /> |align=center| ů<br /> |align=center| v<br /> |align=center| w<br /> |align=center| x<br /> |align=center| y<br /> |align=center| z<br /> |align=center| ž<br /> |-<br /> ! Cyrillic<br /> |align=center| а/я/á<br /> |align=center| å<br /> |align=center| б<br /> |align=center| ц<br /> |align=center| ч<br /> |align=center| д<br /> |align=center| џ<br /> |align=center| е/є/э<br /> |align=center| ѧ<br /> |align=center| ѣ<br /> |align=center| ф<br /> |align=center| г<br /> |align=center| ґ<br /> |align=center| х<br /> |align=center| и/i<br /> |align=center| j<br /> |align=center| й<br /> |align=center| к<br /> |align=center| л<br /> |align=center| м<br /> |align=center| н<br /> |align=center| о/ё/ó<br /> |align=center| ô<br /> |align=center| п<br /> |align=center| р<br /> |align=center| ҏ<br /> |align=center| с<br /> |align=center| s<br /> |align=center| ш<br /> |align=center| т<br /> |align=center| у/ю/ӯ<br /> |align=center| ų<br /> |align=center| ъ<br /> |align=center| в<br /> |align=center| ў<br /> |align=center| ќ<br /> |align=center| ы<br /> |align=center| з<br /> |align=center| ж<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===Pronunciation===<br /> <br /> Every letter is pronounced in the only way, so it is easy to start reading Novoslovnica after learning the alphabet and the phonology of the language.<br /> <br /> ====Consonants====<br /> {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;1&quot; cellspacing=&quot;1&quot; class=&quot;bluetable lightbluebg&quot;<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 66px; text-align: center; &quot;|Bilabial<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 66px; text-align: center; &quot;|Labio-dental<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 66px; text-align: center; &quot;|Dental<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 66px; text-align: center; &quot;|Alveolar<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 66px; text-align: center; &quot;|Post-alveolar<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 66px; text-align: center; &quot;|Palatal<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 66px; text-align: center; &quot;|Labio-velar<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 66px; text-align: center; &quot;|Velar<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 66px; text-align: center; &quot;|Glottal<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 66px; &quot;|<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|m /m/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|n /n/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center; &quot;|Nasal<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|p /p/ b /b/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|t /t/ d /d/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|k /k/ ĝ /g/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center; &quot;|Plosive<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|f /f/ v /v/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|θ /θ/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|s /s/ z /z/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;| š /ʂ/ ž /ʐ/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|j /ʝ/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|x /x/ g /ɣ/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center; &quot;|Fricative<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|w /ʋ/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|ĵ /j/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center; &quot;|Approximant<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|r /r/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center; &quot;|Trill<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|l /l/<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align: center; &quot;|Lateral<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ====Vowels====<br /> The stress is movable, but it tends to the first syllable of the word's root.<br /> <br /> ==Grammar==<br /> <br /> ===Articles===<br /> <br /> There are three determinative articles: ''ůt/to/ta/te'', ''ův/vo/va/ve'' and ''ůn/no/na/ne''.<br /> Articles are required when it's necessary to clear the object spoken about. The difference between the three articles is in position of the object. The ''ůt'' article is used when we can not see the object. The ''ůn'' article is used when we can see the object, but it is far from us. The ''ův'' article is used when we can see the object and it is close to us.<br /> <br /> ===Nouns===<br /> <br /> There are three numbers and 9 cases in Novoslovnica. Also there are three genders - masculine, feminine and neutral.<br /> <br /> :''dom'' - masculine<br /> :''voda'' - feminine<br /> :''slonco'' - neutral<br /> <br /> There are 3 paradigms, which determines practically how the very word changes in cases.<br /> <br /> ===Adjectives===<br /> <br /> Adjectives always precede the noun they're related to.<br /> <br /> There are full and brief adjectives.<br /> <br /> ===Adverbs===<br /> <br /> Adverbs may be identified by adding ''-e'' to an stem of the adjective.<br /> :''jasno'' (clear) → ''jasne'' (clearly)<br /> <br /> ===Pronouns===<br /> <br /> ====Personal pronouns====<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Novbasa !! English<br /> |-<br /> | ''Ja'' || I<br /> |-<br /> | ''ty'' || you<br /> |-<br /> | ''On''/''Ona''/''Ono'' || he/she/it<br /> |-<br /> | ''Ma'' || we two<br /> |-<br /> | ''Va'' || you two<br /> |-<br /> | ''Ona'' || they two<br /> |-<br /> | ''My'' || we<br /> |-<br /> | ''Vy'' || you<br /> |-<br /> | ''Oni'' || they<br /> |}<br /> <br /> Possessive adjectives and pronouns.<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Novbasa !! English<br /> |-<br /> | ''môĵ'' || I, mine<br /> |-<br /> | ''tvôĵ'' || your, yours<br /> |-<br /> | ''jegôĵ''/''jejôĵ'' || his/her, his/hers<br /> |-<br /> | ''naš'' || our, ours<br /> |-<br /> | ''vaš'' || your, yours<br /> |-<br /> | ''Ihniĵ'' || their, theirs<br /> |}<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Novbasa !! English<br /> |-<br /> | ''kto'' || who<br /> |-<br /> | ''čto'' || what<br /> |-<br /> | ''dy'' || when<br /> |-<br /> | ''de'' || where<br /> |-<br /> | ''kak'' || how<br /> |-<br /> | ''začto'' || why<br /> |-<br /> | ''kolïko'' || how much<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===Verbs===<br /> <br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Tense !! Novbasa !! English<br /> |-<br /> | Infinitive || ''strojati'' || to build<br /> |-<br /> | Present || ''ja strojam'' || I build<br /> |-<br /> | Present perfect || ''ja sům strojal'' || I have built<br /> |-<br /> | Past || ''Ja strojah'' || I built<br /> |-<br /> | Past perfect || ''Ja byh strojal'' || I had built<br /> |-<br /> | Future || ''Ja hte strojam'' || I will build<br /> |-<br /> | Near future || ''Ja budu strojati'' || I am going to build<br /> |-<br /> | Conditional || ''Ja bih strojal'' || I would build<br /> |-<br /> | Imperative || ''Stroj(aĵ)!'' || build!<br /> |-<br /> | Present Participle || ''Strojačiĵ'' || building<br /> |-<br /> | Past Participle || ''Strojan'' || built<br /> |}<br /> <br /> The reflexive is formed by putting ''sę'' before the verb.<br /> <br /> The passive is formed by dealing with the verb ''byti'' and past participle of the verb.<br /> <br /> ====Byti====<br /> <br /> ''Byti'' (&quot;to be&quot;) is one of irregular verbs.<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Tense !! Novbasa !! English<br /> |-<br /> | Infinitive || ''Byti'' || to be<br /> |-<br /> | Present || ''Ja sům'' || I am<br /> |-<br /> | Present perfect || ''Ja sům byl'' || I have been<br /> |-<br /> | Past || ''Ja byh'' || I was<br /> |-<br /> | Past pefect || ''Ja byh byl'' || I had been<br /> |-<br /> | Future || ''Ja hte sům'' || I will be<br /> |-<br /> | Near future || ''Ja budu'' || I am going to be<br /> |-<br /> | Conditional || ''Ja byh byl'' || I would be<br /> |-<br /> | Imperative || ''Bud'! '' || be!<br /> |-<br /> | Present Participle || ''Sųštyĵ'' || being<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===Numerals===<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Number !! Cardinal !! Number !! Cardinal<br /> |-<br /> | 0 || ''nôl' '' || 11 || ''jedennaĵčě''<br /> |-<br /> | 1 || ''jeden'' || 20 || ''dvaĵčě''<br /> |-<br /> | 2 || ''dva'' || 21 || ''dvaĵčě i jeden''<br /> |-<br /> | 3 || ''tri'' || 30 || ''triĵčě''<br /> |-<br /> | 4 || ''četyri'' || 40 || ''četyridesět''<br /> |-<br /> | 5 || ''pět '' || 50 || ''pětdesět''<br /> |-<br /> | 6 || ''šest'' || 100 || ''sto''<br /> |-<br /> | 7 || ''sedem'' || 200 || ''dvěstě''<br /> |-<br /> | 8 || ''osem'' || 237 || ''dvěstě triĵčě sedem''<br /> |-<br /> | 9 || ''devět'' || 1000 || ''tysęča''<br /> |-<br /> | 10 || ''desět'' || 2000 || ''dvě tysęčy''<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==Lexicon==<br /> <br /> Lexicon is made up from all slavonic languages.<br /> <br /> <br /> ==Translations==<br /> <br /> ===Sample translations===<br /> <br /> '''I must give it to him.'''&lt;br/&gt;<br /> '''I musim dati to mu.'''<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> <br /> [http://cals.conlang.org/language/novoslovnica/] Novoslovnica in CALS<br /> <br /> <br /> [[Category:Languages]]<br /> [[Category:Conlangs]]<br /> [[Category:Slavic languages]]</div>

Eakarpov https://linguifex.com/w/index.php?title=Novoslovnica&diff=37627 2015-07-29T21:07:50Z

<p>Eakarpov: /* Sample translations */</p> <hr /> <div>{{Infobox language<br /> |name = Novoslovnica<br /> |nativename = Новословница<br /> |pronunciation = [novo'slovnica]<br /> |speakers = <br /> |date = <br /> |familycolor = Indo-European<br /> |fam1 = [[w:Conlang|Conlang]]<br /> |creator = [[User:eakarpov|Yegor Karpov]]<br /> |created = 2014<br /> |setting = <br /> |posteriori = <br /> |script = [[w:Cyrillic script|Cyrillic]], [[w:Latin script|Latin]]<br /> |image = <br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''Novoslovnica''' is a [[constructed language]] created by Yegor Karpov in 2014. Its name is composed by the words ''nov'' (&quot;new&quot;) and ''slovo'' (&quot;word&quot;). Its main features are lexical purism, wealthy phonology and logical stucture. <br /> <br /> ==Phonology and orthography==<br /> <br /> ===Alphabet===<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> ! Latin<br /> |align=center| a/ä/á<br /> |align=center| å<br /> |align=center| b<br /> |align=center| c<br /> |align=center| č<br /> |align=center| d<br /> |align=center| đ<br /> |align=center| e/ë/é<br /> |align=center| ę<br /> |align=center| ě<br /> |align=center| f<br /> |align=center| g<br /> |align=center| ĝ<br /> |align=center| h<br /> |align=center| i/ï<br /> |align=center| j<br /> |align=center| ĵ<br /> |align=center| k<br /> |align=center| l<br /> |align=center| m<br /> |align=center| n<br /> |align=center| o/ö/ó<br /> |align=center| ô<br /> |align=center| p<br /> |align=center| r<br /> |align=center| ř<br /> |align=center| s<br /> |align=center| ŝ<br /> |align=center| š<br /> |align=center| t<br /> |align=center| u/ü/ú<br /> |align=center| ų<br /> |align=center| ů<br /> |align=center| v<br /> |align=center| w<br /> |align=center| x<br /> |align=center| y<br /> |align=center| z<br /> |align=center| ž<br /> |-<br /> ! Cyrillic<br /> |align=center| а/я/á<br /> |align=center| å<br /> |align=center| б<br /> |align=center| ц<br /> |align=center| ч<br /> |align=center| д<br /> |align=center| џ<br /> |align=center| е/є/э<br /> |align=center| ѧ<br /> |align=center| ѣ<br /> |align=center| ф<br /> |align=center| г<br /> |align=center| ґ<br /> |align=center| х<br /> |align=center| и/i<br /> |align=center| j<br /> |align=center| й<br /> |align=center| к<br /> |align=center| л<br /> |align=center| м<br /> |align=center| н<br /> |align=center| о/ё/ó<br /> |align=center| ô<br /> |align=center| п<br /> |align=center| р<br /> |align=center| ҏ<br /> |align=center| с<br /> |align=center| s<br /> |align=center| ш<br /> |align=center| т<br /> |align=center| у/ю/ӯ<br /> |align=center| ų<br /> |align=center| ъ<br /> |align=center| в<br /> |align=center| ў<br /> |align=center| ќ<br /> |align=center| ы<br /> |align=center| з<br /> |align=center| ж<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===Pronunciation===<br /> <br /> Every letter is pronounced in the only way, so it is easy to start reading Novoslovnica after learning the alphabet and the phonology of the language.<br /> <br /> The stress is movable, but it tends to the first syllable of the word's root.<br /> <br /> ==Grammar==<br /> <br /> ===Articles===<br /> <br /> There are three determinative articles: ''ůt/to/ta/te'', ''ův/vo/va/ve'' and ''ůn/no/na/ne''.<br /> Articles are required when it's necessary to clear the object spoken about. The difference between the three articles is in position of the object. The ''ůt'' article is used when we can not see the object. The ''ůn'' article is used when we can see the object, but it is far from us. The ''ův'' article is used when we can see the object and it is close to us.<br /> <br /> ===Nouns===<br /> <br /> There are three numbers and 9 cases in Novoslovnica. Also there are three genders - masculine, feminine and neutral.<br /> <br /> :''dom'' - masculine<br /> :''voda'' - feminine<br /> :''slonco'' - neutral<br /> <br /> There are 3 paradigms, which determines practically how the very word changes in cases.<br /> <br /> ===Adjectives===<br /> <br /> Adjectives always precede the noun they're related to.<br /> <br /> There are full and brief adjectives.<br /> <br /> ===Adverbs===<br /> <br /> Adverbs may be identified by adding ''-e'' to an stem of the adjective.<br /> :''jasno'' (clear) → ''jasne'' (clearly)<br /> <br /> ===Pronouns===<br /> <br /> ====Personal pronouns====<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Novbasa !! English<br /> |-<br /> | ''Ja'' || I<br /> |-<br /> | ''ty'' || you<br /> |-<br /> | ''On''/''Ona''/''Ono'' || he/she/it<br /> |-<br /> | ''Ma'' || we two<br /> |-<br /> | ''Va'' || you two<br /> |-<br /> | ''Ona'' || they two<br /> |-<br /> | ''My'' || we<br /> |-<br /> | ''Vy'' || you<br /> |-<br /> | ''Oni'' || they<br /> |}<br /> <br /> Possessive adjectives and pronouns.<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Novbasa !! English<br /> |-<br /> | ''môĵ'' || I, mine<br /> |-<br /> | ''tvôĵ'' || your, yours<br /> |-<br /> | ''jegôĵ''/''jejôĵ'' || his/her, his/hers<br /> |-<br /> | ''naš'' || our, ours<br /> |-<br /> | ''vaš'' || your, yours<br /> |-<br /> | ''Ihniĵ'' || their, theirs<br /> |}<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Novbasa !! English<br /> |-<br /> | ''kto'' || who<br /> |-<br /> | ''čto'' || what<br /> |-<br /> | ''dy'' || when<br /> |-<br /> | ''de'' || where<br /> |-<br /> | ''kak'' || how<br /> |-<br /> | ''začto'' || why<br /> |-<br /> | ''kolïko'' || how much<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===Verbs===<br /> <br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Tense !! Novbasa !! English<br /> |-<br /> | Infinitive || ''strojati'' || to build<br /> |-<br /> | Present || ''ja strojam'' || I build<br /> |-<br /> | Present perfect || ''ja sům strojal'' || I have built<br /> |-<br /> | Past || ''Ja strojah'' || I built<br /> |-<br /> | Past perfect || ''Ja byh strojal'' || I had built<br /> |-<br /> | Future || ''Ja hte strojam'' || I will build<br /> |-<br /> | Near future || ''Ja budu strojati'' || I am going to build<br /> |-<br /> | Conditional || ''Ja bih strojal'' || I would build<br /> |-<br /> | Imperative || ''Stroj(aĵ)!'' || build!<br /> |-<br /> | Present Participle || ''Strojačiĵ'' || building<br /> |-<br /> | Past Participle || ''Strojan'' || built<br /> |}<br /> <br /> The reflexive is formed by putting ''sę'' before the verb.<br /> <br /> The passive is formed by dealing with the verb ''byti'' and past participle of the verb.<br /> <br /> ====Byti====<br /> <br /> ''Byti'' (&quot;to be&quot;) is one of irregular verbs.<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Tense !! Novbasa !! English<br /> |-<br /> | Infinitive || ''Byti'' || to be<br /> |-<br /> | Present || ''Ja sům'' || I am<br /> |-<br /> | Present perfect || ''Ja sům byl'' || I have been<br /> |-<br /> | Past || ''Ja byh'' || I was<br /> |-<br /> | Past pefect || ''Ja byh byl'' || I had been<br /> |-<br /> | Future || ''Ja hte sům'' || I will be<br /> |-<br /> | Near future || ''Ja budu'' || I am going to be<br /> |-<br /> | Conditional || ''Ja byh byl'' || I would be<br /> |-<br /> | Imperative || ''Bud'! '' || be!<br /> |-<br /> | Present Participle || ''Sųštyĵ'' || being<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===Numerals===<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Number !! Cardinal !! Number !! Cardinal<br /> |-<br /> | 0 || ''nôl' '' || 11 || ''jedennaĵčě''<br /> |-<br /> | 1 || ''jeden'' || 20 || ''dvaĵčě''<br /> |-<br /> | 2 || ''dva'' || 21 || ''dvaĵčě i jeden''<br /> |-<br /> | 3 || ''tri'' || 30 || ''triĵčě''<br /> |-<br /> | 4 || ''četyri'' || 40 || ''četyridesět''<br /> |-<br /> | 5 || ''pět '' || 50 || ''pětdesět''<br /> |-<br /> | 6 || ''šest'' || 100 || ''sto''<br /> |-<br /> | 7 || ''sedem'' || 200 || ''dvěstě''<br /> |-<br /> | 8 || ''osem'' || 237 || ''dvěstě triĵčě sedem''<br /> |-<br /> | 9 || ''devět'' || 1000 || ''tysęča''<br /> |-<br /> | 10 || ''desět'' || 2000 || ''dvě tysęčy''<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==Lexicon==<br /> <br /> Lexicon is made up from all slavonic languages.<br /> <br /> <br /> ==Translations==<br /> <br /> ===Sample translations===<br /> <br /> '''I must give it to him.'''&lt;br/&gt;<br /> '''I musim dati to mu.'''<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> <br /> [http://cals.conlang.org/language/novoslovnica/] Novoslovnica in CALS<br /> <br /> <br /> [[Category:Languages]]<br /> [[Category:Conlangs]]</div>

Eakarpov https://linguifex.com/w/index.php?title=Novoslovnica&diff=37626 2015-07-29T21:06:57Z

<p>Eakarpov: Created page with &quot;{{Infobox language |name = Novoslovnica |nativename = Новословница |pronunciation = [novo&#039;slovnica] |speakers = |date = |familycolor = Indo-Europea...&quot;</p> <hr /> <div>{{Infobox language<br /> |name = Novoslovnica<br /> |nativename = Новословница<br /> |pronunciation = [novo'slovnica]<br /> |speakers = <br /> |date = <br /> |familycolor = Indo-European<br /> |fam1 = [[w:Conlang|Conlang]]<br /> |creator = [[User:eakarpov|Yegor Karpov]]<br /> |created = 2014<br /> |setting = <br /> |posteriori = <br /> |script = [[w:Cyrillic script|Cyrillic]], [[w:Latin script|Latin]]<br /> |image = <br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''Novoslovnica''' is a [[constructed language]] created by Yegor Karpov in 2014. Its name is composed by the words ''nov'' (&quot;new&quot;) and ''slovo'' (&quot;word&quot;). Its main features are lexical purism, wealthy phonology and logical stucture. <br /> <br /> ==Phonology and orthography==<br /> <br /> ===Alphabet===<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> ! Latin<br /> |align=center| a/ä/á<br /> |align=center| å<br /> |align=center| b<br /> |align=center| c<br /> |align=center| č<br /> |align=center| d<br /> |align=center| đ<br /> |align=center| e/ë/é<br /> |align=center| ę<br /> |align=center| ě<br /> |align=center| f<br /> |align=center| g<br /> |align=center| ĝ<br /> |align=center| h<br /> |align=center| i/ï<br /> |align=center| j<br /> |align=center| ĵ<br /> |align=center| k<br /> |align=center| l<br /> |align=center| m<br /> |align=center| n<br /> |align=center| o/ö/ó<br /> |align=center| ô<br /> |align=center| p<br /> |align=center| r<br /> |align=center| ř<br /> |align=center| s<br /> |align=center| ŝ<br /> |align=center| š<br /> |align=center| t<br /> |align=center| u/ü/ú<br /> |align=center| ų<br /> |align=center| ů<br /> |align=center| v<br /> |align=center| w<br /> |align=center| x<br /> |align=center| y<br /> |align=center| z<br /> |align=center| ž<br /> |-<br /> ! Cyrillic<br /> |align=center| а/я/á<br /> |align=center| å<br /> |align=center| б<br /> |align=center| ц<br /> |align=center| ч<br /> |align=center| д<br /> |align=center| џ<br /> |align=center| е/є/э<br /> |align=center| ѧ<br /> |align=center| ѣ<br /> |align=center| ф<br /> |align=center| г<br /> |align=center| ґ<br /> |align=center| х<br /> |align=center| и/i<br /> |align=center| j<br /> |align=center| й<br /> |align=center| к<br /> |align=center| л<br /> |align=center| м<br /> |align=center| н<br /> |align=center| о/ё/ó<br /> |align=center| ô<br /> |align=center| п<br /> |align=center| р<br /> |align=center| ҏ<br /> |align=center| с<br /> |align=center| s<br /> |align=center| ш<br /> |align=center| т<br /> |align=center| у/ю/ӯ<br /> |align=center| ų<br /> |align=center| ъ<br /> |align=center| в<br /> |align=center| ў<br /> |align=center| ќ<br /> |align=center| ы<br /> |align=center| з<br /> |align=center| ж<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===Pronunciation===<br /> <br /> Every letter is pronounced in the only way, so it is easy to start reading Novoslovnica after learning the alphabet and the phonology of the language.<br /> <br /> The stress is movable, but it tends to the first syllable of the word's root.<br /> <br /> ==Grammar==<br /> <br /> ===Articles===<br /> <br /> There are three determinative articles: ''ůt/to/ta/te'', ''ův/vo/va/ve'' and ''ůn/no/na/ne''.<br /> Articles are required when it's necessary to clear the object spoken about. The difference between the three articles is in position of the object. The ''ůt'' article is used when we can not see the object. The ''ůn'' article is used when we can see the object, but it is far from us. The ''ův'' article is used when we can see the object and it is close to us.<br /> <br /> ===Nouns===<br /> <br /> There are three numbers and 9 cases in Novoslovnica. Also there are three genders - masculine, feminine and neutral.<br /> <br /> :''dom'' - masculine<br /> :''voda'' - feminine<br /> :''slonco'' - neutral<br /> <br /> There are 3 paradigms, which determines practically how the very word changes in cases.<br /> <br /> ===Adjectives===<br /> <br /> Adjectives always precede the noun they're related to.<br /> <br /> There are full and brief adjectives.<br /> <br /> ===Adverbs===<br /> <br /> Adverbs may be identified by adding ''-e'' to an stem of the adjective.<br /> :''jasno'' (clear) → ''jasne'' (clearly)<br /> <br /> ===Pronouns===<br /> <br /> ====Personal pronouns====<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Novbasa !! English<br /> |-<br /> | ''Ja'' || I<br /> |-<br /> | ''ty'' || you<br /> |-<br /> | ''On''/''Ona''/''Ono'' || he/she/it<br /> |-<br /> | ''Ma'' || we two<br /> |-<br /> | ''Va'' || you two<br /> |-<br /> | ''Ona'' || they two<br /> |-<br /> | ''My'' || we<br /> |-<br /> | ''Vy'' || you<br /> |-<br /> | ''Oni'' || they<br /> |}<br /> <br /> Possessive adjectives and pronouns.<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Novbasa !! English<br /> |-<br /> | ''môĵ'' || I, mine<br /> |-<br /> | ''tvôĵ'' || your, yours<br /> |-<br /> | ''jegôĵ''/''jejôĵ'' || his/her, his/hers<br /> |-<br /> | ''naš'' || our, ours<br /> |-<br /> | ''vaš'' || your, yours<br /> |-<br /> | ''Ihniĵ'' || their, theirs<br /> |}<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Novbasa !! English<br /> |-<br /> | ''kto'' || who<br /> |-<br /> | ''čto'' || what<br /> |-<br /> | ''dy'' || when<br /> |-<br /> | ''de'' || where<br /> |-<br /> | ''kak'' || how<br /> |-<br /> | ''začto'' || why<br /> |-<br /> | ''kolïko'' || how much<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===Verbs===<br /> <br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Tense !! Novbasa !! English<br /> |-<br /> | Infinitive || ''strojati'' || to build<br /> |-<br /> | Present || ''ja strojam'' || I build<br /> |-<br /> | Present perfect || ''ja sům strojal'' || I have built<br /> |-<br /> | Past || ''Ja strojah'' || I built<br /> |-<br /> | Past perfect || ''Ja byh strojal'' || I had built<br /> |-<br /> | Future || ''Ja hte strojam'' || I will build<br /> |-<br /> | Near future || ''Ja budu strojati'' || I am going to build<br /> |-<br /> | Conditional || ''Ja bih strojal'' || I would build<br /> |-<br /> | Imperative || ''Stroj(aĵ)!'' || build!<br /> |-<br /> | Present Participle || ''Strojačiĵ'' || building<br /> |-<br /> | Past Participle || ''Strojan'' || built<br /> |}<br /> <br /> The reflexive is formed by putting ''sę'' before the verb.<br /> <br /> The passive is formed by dealing with the verb ''byti'' and past participle of the verb.<br /> <br /> ====Byti====<br /> <br /> ''Byti'' (&quot;to be&quot;) is one of irregular verbs.<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Tense !! Novbasa !! English<br /> |-<br /> | Infinitive || ''Byti'' || to be<br /> |-<br /> | Present || ''Ja sům'' || I am<br /> |-<br /> | Present perfect || ''Ja sům byl'' || I have been<br /> |-<br /> | Past || ''Ja byh'' || I was<br /> |-<br /> | Past pefect || ''Ja byh byl'' || I had been<br /> |-<br /> | Future || ''Ja hte sům'' || I will be<br /> |-<br /> | Near future || ''Ja budu'' || I am going to be<br /> |-<br /> | Conditional || ''Ja byh byl'' || I would be<br /> |-<br /> | Imperative || ''Bud'! '' || be!<br /> |-<br /> | Present Participle || ''Sųštyĵ'' || being<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===Numerals===<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Number !! Cardinal !! Number !! Cardinal<br /> |-<br /> | 0 || ''nôl' '' || 11 || ''jedennaĵčě''<br /> |-<br /> | 1 || ''jeden'' || 20 || ''dvaĵčě''<br /> |-<br /> | 2 || ''dva'' || 21 || ''dvaĵčě i jeden''<br /> |-<br /> | 3 || ''tri'' || 30 || ''triĵčě''<br /> |-<br /> | 4 || ''četyri'' || 40 || ''četyridesět''<br /> |-<br /> | 5 || ''pět '' || 50 || ''pětdesět''<br /> |-<br /> | 6 || ''šest'' || 100 || ''sto''<br /> |-<br /> | 7 || ''sedem'' || 200 || ''dvěstě''<br /> |-<br /> | 8 || ''osem'' || 237 || ''dvěstě triĵčě sedem''<br /> |-<br /> | 9 || ''devět'' || 1000 || ''tysęča''<br /> |-<br /> | 10 || ''desět'' || 2000 || ''dvě tysęčy''<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==Lexicon==<br /> <br /> Lexicon is made up from all slavonic languages.<br /> <br /> <br /> ==Translations==<br /> <br /> ===Sample translations===<br /> <br /> '''I must give it to him.'''<br /> '''I musim dati to mu.'''<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> <br /> [http://cals.conlang.org/language/novoslovnica/] Novoslovnica in CALS<br /> <br /> <br /> [[Category:Languages]]<br /> [[Category:Conlangs]]</div>

Eakarpov