Linguifex - User contributions [en]

Contionary:leši

2020-11-08T22:43:43Z

Kóði:

==Ecouma==
===Pronunciation===
(''Mainland Ecouma'') [[IPA]]: [ˈleːʒɐð]

(''Offshore Ecouma'') [[IPA]]: [ˈlɛʃað]

===Verb===
'''lešað'''
#(''transitive'') to like (something or someone) romantically, to have feelings for
#:''Cloim, e lešuom, '''lešos'''.'' ― ''I '''like''' my girlfriend, Kloe.''
#(''transitive, with dative'') to admire, respect
#:''Fuolcarot sušje '''lešcu'''.'' ― ''He greatly '''respects''' graveyards.''

===Conjugation===
{|class="wikitable"
!'''Present'''
!'''First'''
!'''Second'''
!'''Third'''
|-
!'''Indicative'''
|style="text-align: center;"|''lešos''
|style="text-align: center;"|''leša''
|style="text-align: center;"|''lešcu''
|-
!'''Imperative'''
|style="text-align: center;"|''leš''
|style="text-align: center;"|''leš''
|style="text-align: center;"|''leš''
|-
!'''Conditional'''
|style="text-align: center;"|''lešosc''
|style="text-align: center;"|''lešac''
|style="text-align: center;"|''lešcuc''
|-
!'''Deseridative'''
|style="text-align: center;"|''lešossa''
|style="text-align: center;"|''leša''
|style="text-align: center;"|''lešta''
|-
!'''Non-present'''
!'''First'''
!'''Second'''
!'''Third'''
|-
!'''Indicative'''
|style="text-align: center;"|''lešut''
|style="text-align: center;"|''lešut''
|style="text-align: center;"|''lešt''
|-
!'''Imperative'''
|style="text-align: center;"|''lešto''
|style="text-align: center;"|''lešto''
|style="text-align: center;"|''lešto''
|-
!'''Conditional'''
|style="text-align: center;"|''lešutic''
|style="text-align: center;"|''lešutic''
|style="text-align: center;"|''leštic''
|-
!'''Deseridative'''
|style="text-align: center;"|''lešotes''
|style="text-align: center;"|''lešutes''
|style="text-align: center;"|''lešutes''
|-
|}

Contionary:leši

2020-10-28T04:26:05Z

Kóði:

==Ecouma==
===Pronunciation===
(''Mainland Ecouma'') [[IPA]]: [ˈleːʒi]

(''Offshore Ecouma'') [[IPA]]: [ˈlɛʃi]

===Verb===
'''leši'''
#(''transitive'') to like (something or someone) romantically, to have feelings for
#:''Cloim, e lešuom, '''lešos'''.'' ― ''I '''like''' my girlfriend, Kloe.''
#(''transitive, with dative'') to admire, respect
#:''Fuolcarot sušje '''lešcu'''.'' ― ''He greatly '''respects''' graveyards.''

===Conjugation===
{|class="wikitable"
!'''Present'''
!'''First'''
!'''Second'''
!'''Third'''
|-
!'''Indicative'''
|style="text-align: center;"|''lešos''
|style="text-align: center;"|''leša''
|style="text-align: center;"|''lešcu''
|-
!'''Imperative'''
|style="text-align: center;"|''leš''
|style="text-align: center;"|''leš''
|style="text-align: center;"|''leš''
|-
!'''Conditional'''
|style="text-align: center;"|''lešosc''
|style="text-align: center;"|''lešac''
|style="text-align: center;"|''lešcuc''
|-
!'''Deseridative'''
|style="text-align: center;"|''lešossa''
|style="text-align: center;"|''leša''
|style="text-align: center;"|''lešta''
|-
!'''Non-present'''
!'''First'''
!'''Second'''
!'''Third'''
|-
!'''Indicative'''
|style="text-align: center;"|''lešut''
|style="text-align: center;"|''lešut''
|style="text-align: center;"|''lešt''
|-
!'''Imperative'''
|style="text-align: center;"|''lešto''
|style="text-align: center;"|''lešto''
|style="text-align: center;"|''lešto''
|-
!'''Conditional'''
|style="text-align: center;"|''lešutic''
|style="text-align: center;"|''lešutic''
|style="text-align: center;"|''leštic''
|-
!'''Deseridative'''
|style="text-align: center;"|''lešotes''
|style="text-align: center;"|''lešutes''
|style="text-align: center;"|''lešutes''
|-
|}

Contionary:leši

2020-10-28T04:25:12Z

Kóði:

==Ecouma==
===Pronunciation===
(''Mainland Ecouma'') [[IPA]]: [ˈleːʒi]

(''Offshore Ecouma'') [[IPA]]: [ˈlɛʃi]

===Verb===
'''leši'''
#(''transitive'') to like (something or someone) romantically, to have feelings for
#:''Cloim, e lešuom, '''lešos'''.'' ― ''I '''like''' my girlfriend, Kloe.''
#(''transitive, with dative'') to admire, respect
#:''Fuolcarot sušje '''lešku'''.'' ― ''He greatly '''respects''' graveyards.''

===Conjugation===
{|class="wikitable"
!'''Present'''
!'''First'''
!'''Second'''
!'''Third'''
|-
!'''Indicative'''
|style="text-align: center;"|''lešos''
|style="text-align: center;"|''leša''
|style="text-align: center;"|''lešku''
|-
!'''Imperative'''
|style="text-align: center;"|''leš''
|style="text-align: center;"|''leš''
|style="text-align: center;"|''leš''
|-
!'''Conditional'''
|style="text-align: center;"|''lešosk''
|style="text-align: center;"|''lešak''
|style="text-align: center;"|''leškuk''
|-
!'''Deseridative'''
|style="text-align: center;"|''lešossa''
|style="text-align: center;"|''leša''
|style="text-align: center;"|''lešta''
|-
!'''Non-present'''
!'''First'''
!'''Second'''
!'''Third'''
|-
!'''Indicative'''
|style="text-align: center;"|''lešut''
|style="text-align: center;"|''lešut''
|style="text-align: center;"|''lešt''
|-
!'''Imperative'''
|style="text-align: center;"|''lešto''
|style="text-align: center;"|''lešto''
|style="text-align: center;"|''lešto''
|-
!'''Conditional'''
|style="text-align: center;"|''lešutik''
|style="text-align: center;"|''lešutik''
|style="text-align: center;"|''leštik''
|-
!'''Deseridative'''
|style="text-align: center;"|''lešotes''
|style="text-align: center;"|''lešutes''
|style="text-align: center;"|''lešutes''
|-
|}

Contionary:leši

2020-10-28T04:20:32Z

Kóði: /* Verb */

==Ecouma==
===Pronunciation===
(''Mainland Ecouma'') [[IPA]]: [ˈleːʒi]

(''Offshore Ecouma'') [[IPA]]: [ˈlɛʃi]

===Verb===
'''leši'''
#(''transitive'') to like (something or someone) romantically, to have feelings for
#:''Cloim, e lešuom, '''lešos'''.'' ― ''I '''like''' my girlfriend, Kloe.''
#(''transitive, with dative'') to admire, respect
#:''Fuolcarot sušje '''lešos'''.'' ― ''He greatly '''respects''' graveyards.''

===Conjugation===
{|class="wikitable"
!'''Present'''
!'''First'''
!'''Second'''
!'''Third'''
|-
!'''Indicative'''
|style="text-align: center;"|''lešunos''
|style="text-align: center;"|''lešuna''
|style="text-align: center;"|''lešunku''
|-
!'''Imperative'''
|style="text-align: center;"|''lešun''
|style="text-align: center;"|''lešun''
|style="text-align: center;"|''lešun''
|-
!'''Conditional'''
|style="text-align: center;"|''lešunosk''
|style="text-align: center;"|''lešunak''
|style="text-align: center;"|''lešunkuk''
|-
!'''Deseridative'''
|style="text-align: center;"|''lešunossa''
|style="text-align: center;"|''lešussa''
|style="text-align: center;"|''lešuntsa''
|-
!'''Non-present'''
!'''First'''
!'''Second'''
!'''Third'''
|-
!'''Indicative'''
|style="text-align: center;"|''lešunot''
|style="text-align: center;"|''lešut''
|style="text-align: center;"|''lešunt''
|-
!'''Imperative'''
|style="text-align: center;"|''lešutto''
|style="text-align: center;"|''lešutto''
|style="text-align: center;"|''lešutto''
|-
!'''Conditional'''
|style="text-align: center;"|''lešunotik''
|style="text-align: center;"|''lešutik''
|style="text-align: center;"|''lešuntik''
|-
!'''Deseridative'''
|style="text-align: center;"|''lešunotes''
|style="text-align: center;"|''lešutes''
|style="text-align: center;"|''lešuntes''
|-
|}

Contionary:leši

2020-10-28T04:20:18Z

Kóði: /* Verb */

==Ecouma==
===Pronunciation===
(''Mainland Ecouma'') [[IPA]]: [ˈleːʒi]

(''Offshore Ecouma'') [[IPA]]: [ˈlɛʃi]

===Verb===
'''leši'''
#(''transitive'') to like (something or someone) romantically, to have feelings for
#:''Cloim, e lešuom '''lešos'''.'' ― ''I '''like''' my girlfriend, Kloe.''
#(''transitive, with dative'') to admire, respect
#:''Fuolcarot sušje '''lešos'''.'' ― ''He greatly '''respects''' graveyards.''

===Conjugation===
{|class="wikitable"
!'''Present'''
!'''First'''
!'''Second'''
!'''Third'''
|-
!'''Indicative'''
|style="text-align: center;"|''lešunos''
|style="text-align: center;"|''lešuna''
|style="text-align: center;"|''lešunku''
|-
!'''Imperative'''
|style="text-align: center;"|''lešun''
|style="text-align: center;"|''lešun''
|style="text-align: center;"|''lešun''
|-
!'''Conditional'''
|style="text-align: center;"|''lešunosk''
|style="text-align: center;"|''lešunak''
|style="text-align: center;"|''lešunkuk''
|-
!'''Deseridative'''
|style="text-align: center;"|''lešunossa''
|style="text-align: center;"|''lešussa''
|style="text-align: center;"|''lešuntsa''
|-
!'''Non-present'''
!'''First'''
!'''Second'''
!'''Third'''
|-
!'''Indicative'''
|style="text-align: center;"|''lešunot''
|style="text-align: center;"|''lešut''
|style="text-align: center;"|''lešunt''
|-
!'''Imperative'''
|style="text-align: center;"|''lešutto''
|style="text-align: center;"|''lešutto''
|style="text-align: center;"|''lešutto''
|-
!'''Conditional'''
|style="text-align: center;"|''lešunotik''
|style="text-align: center;"|''lešutik''
|style="text-align: center;"|''lešuntik''
|-
!'''Deseridative'''
|style="text-align: center;"|''lešunotes''
|style="text-align: center;"|''lešutes''
|style="text-align: center;"|''lešuntes''
|-
|}

Contionary:leši

2020-10-28T04:17:42Z

Kóði: /* Verb */

==Ecouma==
===Pronunciation===
(''Mainland Ecouma'') [[IPA]]: [ˈleːʒi]

(''Offshore Ecouma'') [[IPA]]: [ˈlɛʃi]

===Verb===
'''leši'''
#(''transitive'') to like (something or someone) romantically, to have feelings for
#:''Er Cloim '''lešos'''.'' ― ''I '''like''' Kloe.''
#(''transitive, with dative'') to admire, respect
#:''Eo fuolcarot sušje '''lešos'''.'' ― ''He greatly '''respects''' graveyards.''

===Conjugation===
{|class="wikitable"
!'''Present'''
!'''First'''
!'''Second'''
!'''Third'''
|-
!'''Indicative'''
|style="text-align: center;"|''lešunos''
|style="text-align: center;"|''lešuna''
|style="text-align: center;"|''lešunku''
|-
!'''Imperative'''
|style="text-align: center;"|''lešun''
|style="text-align: center;"|''lešun''
|style="text-align: center;"|''lešun''
|-
!'''Conditional'''
|style="text-align: center;"|''lešunosk''
|style="text-align: center;"|''lešunak''
|style="text-align: center;"|''lešunkuk''
|-
!'''Deseridative'''
|style="text-align: center;"|''lešunossa''
|style="text-align: center;"|''lešussa''
|style="text-align: center;"|''lešuntsa''
|-
!'''Non-present'''
!'''First'''
!'''Second'''
!'''Third'''
|-
!'''Indicative'''
|style="text-align: center;"|''lešunot''
|style="text-align: center;"|''lešut''
|style="text-align: center;"|''lešunt''
|-
!'''Imperative'''
|style="text-align: center;"|''lešutto''
|style="text-align: center;"|''lešutto''
|style="text-align: center;"|''lešutto''
|-
!'''Conditional'''
|style="text-align: center;"|''lešunotik''
|style="text-align: center;"|''lešutik''
|style="text-align: center;"|''lešuntik''
|-
!'''Deseridative'''
|style="text-align: center;"|''lešunotes''
|style="text-align: center;"|''lešutes''
|style="text-align: center;"|''lešuntes''
|-
|}

Contionary:leši

2020-10-28T04:16:16Z

Kóði: /* Verb */

==Ecouma==
===Pronunciation===
(''Mainland Ecouma'') [[IPA]]: [ˈleːʒi]

(''Offshore Ecouma'') [[IPA]]: [ˈlɛʃi]

===Verb===
'''leši'''
#(''transitive'') to like (something or someone) romantically, to have feelings for
#:''Er þinim '''lešos'''.'' ― ''I '''like''' books.''
#(''transitive, with dative'') to admire, respect
#:''Eo fuolcarot sušje '''lešos'''.'' ― ''He greatly '''respects''' graveyards.''

===Conjugation===
{|class="wikitable"
!'''Present'''
!'''First'''
!'''Second'''
!'''Third'''
|-
!'''Indicative'''
|style="text-align: center;"|''lešunos''
|style="text-align: center;"|''lešuna''
|style="text-align: center;"|''lešunku''
|-
!'''Imperative'''
|style="text-align: center;"|''lešun''
|style="text-align: center;"|''lešun''
|style="text-align: center;"|''lešun''
|-
!'''Conditional'''
|style="text-align: center;"|''lešunosk''
|style="text-align: center;"|''lešunak''
|style="text-align: center;"|''lešunkuk''
|-
!'''Deseridative'''
|style="text-align: center;"|''lešunossa''
|style="text-align: center;"|''lešussa''
|style="text-align: center;"|''lešuntsa''
|-
!'''Non-present'''
!'''First'''
!'''Second'''
!'''Third'''
|-
!'''Indicative'''
|style="text-align: center;"|''lešunot''
|style="text-align: center;"|''lešut''
|style="text-align: center;"|''lešunt''
|-
!'''Imperative'''
|style="text-align: center;"|''lešutto''
|style="text-align: center;"|''lešutto''
|style="text-align: center;"|''lešutto''
|-
!'''Conditional'''
|style="text-align: center;"|''lešunotik''
|style="text-align: center;"|''lešutik''
|style="text-align: center;"|''lešuntik''
|-
!'''Deseridative'''
|style="text-align: center;"|''lešunotes''
|style="text-align: center;"|''lešutes''
|style="text-align: center;"|''lešuntes''
|-
|}

Contionary:leši

2020-10-28T03:20:16Z

Kóði: /* Conjugation */

==Ecouma==
===Pronunciation===
(''Mainland Ecouma'') [[IPA]]: [ˈleːʒi]

(''Offshore Ecouma'') [[IPA]]: [ˈlɛʃi]

===Verb===
'''leši'''
#to like romantically, to have feelings for.
#:
#to admire, respect.
#:
===Conjugation===
{|class="wikitable"
!'''Present'''
!'''First'''
!'''Second'''
!'''Third'''
|-
!'''Indicative'''
|style="text-align: center;"|''lešunos''
|style="text-align: center;"|''lešuna''
|style="text-align: center;"|''lešunku''
|-
!'''Imperative'''
|style="text-align: center;"|''lešun''
|style="text-align: center;"|''lešun''
|style="text-align: center;"|''lešun''
|-
!'''Conditional'''
|style="text-align: center;"|''lešunosk''
|style="text-align: center;"|''lešunak''
|style="text-align: center;"|''lešunkuk''
|-
!'''Deseridative'''
|style="text-align: center;"|''lešunossa''
|style="text-align: center;"|''lešussa''
|style="text-align: center;"|''lešuntsa''
|-
!'''Non-present'''
!'''First'''
!'''Second'''
!'''Third'''
|-
!'''Indicative'''
|style="text-align: center;"|''lešunot''
|style="text-align: center;"|''lešut''
|style="text-align: center;"|''lešunt''
|-
!'''Imperative'''
|style="text-align: center;"|''lešutto''
|style="text-align: center;"|''lešutto''
|style="text-align: center;"|''lešutto''
|-
!'''Conditional'''
|style="text-align: center;"|''lešunotik''
|style="text-align: center;"|''lešutik''
|style="text-align: center;"|''lešuntik''
|-
!'''Deseridative'''
|style="text-align: center;"|''lešunotes''
|style="text-align: center;"|''lešutes''
|style="text-align: center;"|''lešuntes''
|-
|}

Contionary:leši

2020-10-26T06:30:15Z

Kóði:

==Ecouma==
===Pronunciation===
(''Mainland Ecouma'') [[IPA]]: [ˈleːʒi]

(''Offshore Ecouma'') [[IPA]]: [ˈlɛʃi]

===Verb===
'''leši'''
#to like romantically, to have feelings for.
#:
#to admire, respect.
#:
===Conjugation===
{| {{table}}
{| role="presentation" class="wikitable mw-collapsible"
| '''Conjugation'''
| '''
|-
| style="background:#f0f0f0;"|'''Present'''
| style="background:#f0f0f0;"|'''First'''
| style="background:#f0f0f0;"|'''Second'''
| style="background:#f0f0f0;"|'''Third'''
|-
| style="background:#f0f0f0;|'''Indicative'''
|lešunos
|lešuna
|lešunku
|-
| style="background:#f0f0f0;|'''Imperative'''
|lešun
|lešun
|lešun
|-
| style="background:#f0f0f0;|'''Conditional'''
|lešunosk
|lešunak
|lešunkuk
|-
| style="background:#f0f0f0;|'''Deseridative'''
|lešunossa
|lešussa
|lešuntsa
|-
| style="background:#f0f0f0;|'''Non-present'''
|First
|Second
|Third
|-
| style="background:#f0f0f0;|'''Indicative'''
|lešunot
|lešut
|lešunt
|-
| style="background:#f0f0f0;|'''Imperative'''
|lešutto
|lešutto
|lešutto
|-
| style="background:#f0f0f0;|'''Conditional'''
|lešunotik
|lešutik
|lešuntik
|-
| style="background:#f0f0f0;|'''Deseridative'''
|lešunotes
|lešutes
|lešuntes
|}

Contionary:leši

2020-10-25T03:43:05Z

Kóði: Created page with "==Ecouma== ===Pronunciation=== (''Mainland Ecouma'') IPA: [ˈleːʒi] (''Offshore Ecouma'') IPA: [ˈlɛʃi] ===Verb=== '''leši''' #to like romantically, to have fee..."

Pangali

2019-09-12T12:39:00Z

Kóði: /* Phoneme Inventory */

[[Category:Languages]]
[[Category:Conlangs]]
[[Category:Artlangs]]
[[Category:A_priori]]
[[Category:Language_Isolate]]

{{Infobox language
|name = Pangali
|nativename = Ńipańariâ, Pańari
|pronunciation = [ŋi.ba.ŋa.ɹɨˈʔa], [pa.ŋaˈði]
|creator = [[User:Kóði|Sámuel Hiette Kannosíni]] 
|created = August 8th, 2019
|setting =
|fam1 = [[Language Isolate]]
|script = [[w:Latin script|Latin script]] (Romanization, academic)
|brcl = blue
}}

'''Pangali''' (English: /pɑŋˈgɑli/, /peɪŋˈgɑli/, or /pɛnˈgɑli/) is <s>a poorly made attempt at channeling the creator's artistic nature</s> a constructed language developed by Sámuel Hiette Kannosíni for the purposes of his own <s>gasket-blowing frustration</s> enjoyment and glee.
= Introduction =
<big><center> '''[WARNING - ACHTUNG - AVERTISSEMENT]''' </center></big>
This article is '''very much''' a WIP, examples being inconsistency in formatting/style and references to features not yet fleshed out, as well as some small mentionings of a dialect called Luâi. I '''''realize''''' this is the case, however as someone who has ADHD (primarily inattentive type for the curious informed) and is ''extremely'' busy, my ability to consistently and coherently update this article is abysmal at best.

Thanks for understanding, people who obviously care as much as I do! /s

=== Fictional Setting ===
The Pangali language is the language used by the Pangalu, or the Pangali people, an indigenous people of the Pangali island chain, which is located roughly five hundred and thirty kilometers due west of the Phillipines.
Until 2003 they were considered an uncontacted people, but on March 17th, 2003 an exploratory party onboard a rudimentary sailing vessel voyaged from the northern island of Baluwikaûnu towards the Phillipines. Enroute to their destination, however, they were intercepted by the Philippine Coast Guard some two hundred kilometers northeast of the coast of Tandag City and, controversially, detained for a period of 5 months and 23 days.

Official justification for the length of the detainment was given by the Phillipine Department of Foreign Affairs (DFA) soon after the party’s release, stating:

<blockquote>“Due to the immense language and cultural barrier, as well as concern for the potential spread of disease to the isolated people, and questions regarding their motivation for travel made difficult by the aforementioned barriers, quarantine and detainment procedures were deemed not only the most efficient course of action, but also the safest, for all parties involved.”</blockquote>

The following months gave rise to an increase of international attention surrounding the Pangali people and the continuing communication efforts between them and the Philippine Government. It was later announced by the Philippine DFA that the isolated tribe “no longer wishes to be isolated”, and thus were subsequently placed underneath an international spotlight.

Naturally with the indigenous people now slowly but surely increasing contact with the modern world, records of their culture and language are a must in order to maintain a positive relationship, and thus the purpose of this wiki is, succinctly summarized, to address the linguistic side of such matters.

=== Classification ===
The language is classified as an agglutinative language isolate with a tripartite morphosyntatic alignment that declines nouns under a 12 case system and conjugates verbs for person, tense, aspect, and mood. Adjectives are not inflected and have zero-grade derivation for adverbial phrases.
The primary word order is OSV, however due to nouns being heavily inflected other word orders are possible, with SOV being the most prominently encountered alternate order. Whereas in many languages adpositions are used to indicate different relations between phrases, Pangali typically makes use of existing cases or a variation of Suffixaufnahme (also known as case stacking), wherein different cases are combined to carry the function of an adpositional function not normally covered by the standard twelve.

= Phonology =
In spite of its status as a language isolate, the phonological system of Pangali isn't terribly special in comparison to its neighbors in the Philippines or Australia. A simple syllable structure, few (phonemic) vowels, a fair amount of consonants, and stable vowel quality make this language both interesting and soundly (''ha, pun!'') mundane all at the same time.
=== Phoneme Inventory ===
Pangali's consonant inventory weighs in at a respectable 14 phonemic consonants. A unique feature that may be noted is the presence of phonemic prenasalized stops.

The vowels, on the other hand, number only three in terms of phonemic units. As with many languages with small vowel inventories, what vowels that Pangali does have are subject to significant allophonic variation.

{| class="wikitable" style="margin-left:auto; margin-right: auto; border: none; text-align:center"
|+Pangali Consonant Inventory
|-
! colspan=2 |
! Labial
! Alveolar
! Palatal
! Velar
! Glottal
|-
! colspan=2|Nasal
|m {{angbr|m}}
|n {{angbr|n}}
|
|ŋ {{angbr|ń}}
|
|-
! rowspan=2 | Plosive
! Plain
|p {{angbr|p}}
|t {{angbr|t}}
|
|k {{angbr|k}}
|ʔ {{angbr|ˆ}}
|-
! Prenasalized
|ᵐp {{angbr|b}}
|ⁿt {{angbr|d}}
|
|ᵑk {{angbr|g}}
|
|-
! colspan=2|Approximant
|
|ɹ {{angbr|r}}
|j {{angbr|j}}
|w {{angbr|w}}
|h {{angbr|h,hj}}
|-

Notes:
*The alveolar plosives /t/ and /ⁿt/ are laminal.

{| class="wikitable" style="margin-left:auto; margin-right: auto; border: none; text-align:center"
|+Pangali Vowel Inventory
|-
! || Front || Back
|-
! Close
|i {{angbr|i}}
|u {{angbr|u}}
|-
! Open
|a {{angbr|a}}
|
|-
|}

=== Romanization ===
The Pangalu currently have no official writing system but offers to be taught the romanization used in the recorded lexicon produced by academics have been met with enthusiasim.

=== Allophonic Variation ===
==== Plosives ====
Comprising 12 different allophonic variations, Pangali's plosives are the most unstable aspect of the language's phonological inventory.
===== Sonorization =====
Standard Pangali: Plain voiceless plosives become voiced in intervocalic positions.

{| class="wikitable" style="float:center; border: none; text-align:center"
|-
!Shift
!Example
|-
!p → b / V_V
|/ʔu'''p'''a/ → [ʔuˈ'''b'''a]
|-
!t → d / V_V
|/huwu'''t'''uwi/ → [hu.wu.'''d'''uˈɣʷi]1
|-
!k → g / V_V
|/ⁿta'''k'''u/ → [ⁿtaˈ'''g'''u]
|-
|}

Notes:
*A minority of speakers only voice /p t k/ in unstressed syllables, primarily in the more southern islands.

===== Dissimilation =====

Word initially, /p t k/ spirantize to [f s x] when the following syllable shares the same onset. Under the same conditions intervocalically, /p t k/ instead affricate to [p͡f t͡s k͡x]:
{| class="wikitable" style="float:center; border: none; text-align:center"
|-
!Word Initial
!Example
!Intervocalic
!Example
|-
!p → f / _Vp
|/'''p'''apa/ → ['''f'''aˈba]
!p → p͡f / V_Vp
|/ᵐpi'''p'''apa/ → [ᵐpi.'''p͡f'''aˈba]
|-
!t → s / _Vt
|/'''t'''utiɹa/ → ['''s'''u.diˈða]
!t → t͡s / V_Vt
|/ᵐpi'''t'''utiɹa/ → [ᵐpi.'''t͡s'''u.diˈða]
|-
!k → x / _Vk
|/'''k'''uka/ → ['''x'''uˈga]
!k → k͡x / V_Vk
|/ᵐpi'''k'''uka/ → [ᵐpi.'''k͡x'''uˈga]
|-
|}

Notes:
*It is theorized that /p t k/ originally affricated in all positions but later spirantized word initially.
*For the speakers from the island of ''Batawutarjikuri'' affricates continue to occur both word intially and intervocalically.

==== Approximants ====
===== Fortition =====
/ɹ j w/ fortify to [ð̠ ʝ ɣʷ] when occurring in a stressed syllable:

{|class="wikitable" style="float:center; border: none; text-align:center"
! Shifts
! colspan=2 | Examples
|-
! rowspan=2 | ɹ → ð̠
|/pa'''ɹ'''a/ → [paˈ'''ð̠'''a]
|-
|/ki'''ɹ'''i/ → [kiˈ'''ð̠'''i]
|-
! rowspan=2 | j → ʝ
|/iɹata'''j'''u/ → [i.ɹa.daˈ'''ʝ'''u]
|-
|/ni'''j'''a/ → [niˈ'''ʝ'''a]
|-
! rowspan=2 | w → ɣʷ
|/i'''w'''i/ → [iˈ'''ɣʷ'''i]
|-
|/ku'''w'''a/ → [kuˈ'''ɣʷ'''a]
|-
|}

Notes:
*The most common realization of /ɹ/ is [ð̠], a voiced alveolar non-sibilant fricative, but some speakers may realize it as the sibilant counterpart [z] or even postalveolar [ʒ].
*Speakers who realize /ɹ/ as [ʒ] typically merge [ʒ] and [ʝ] to [ʒ].
*Technically, /w/ would be better transcribed as [ɣʷ~ɣ] due to notable free variation, however [ɣʷ] is more commonly encountered and thus the more common transcription.

==== Vowels ====

===== Centralization =====
Vowels preceding /ʔ/ are centralized. /a/ is both centralized and raised:

{| class="wikitable" style="float:center; border: none; text-align:center"
|-
!Shift
!Example
|-
!a → ɐ /_ʔ
|/h'''a'''ʔamu/ → [h'''ɐ'''.ʔaˈmu]2
|-
!u → ʉ /_ʔ
|/han'''u'''ʔa/ → [ha.n'''ʉ'''ˈʔa]2
|-
!i → ɨ /_ʔ
|/p'''i'''ʔa/ → [p'''ɨ'''ˈʔa]
|-
|}

Notes:
*Southern speakers do not raise /a/, but rather retract it to [ɑ]
*For many speakers, [ɨ] and [ʉ] may be in free variation with [ɪ] and [ʊ], respectively.

===== Lowering =====
/i/ and /u/ are lowered to [ɛ] and [ɔ], respectively, when preceding nasals and prenasalized consonants:

{| class="wikitable" style="float:center; border: none; text-align:center"
|-
!Shift
!colspan=2 | Examples
|-
!i → ɛ /_N
|/h'''i'''ⁿtu/ → [h'''ɛ'''ˈⁿtu] || /tat'''i'''nu/ → [sa.d'''ɛ'''ˈnu]
|-
!u → ɔ /_N
|/ʔ'''u'''ŋa/ → [ʔ'''ɔ'''ˈŋa] || /k'''u'''maki/ → [k'''ɔ'''.maˈgi]
|-
|}

=== Phonotactics ===

==== Syllable Structure ====
Pangali has a (C)V structure, where a syllable can only contain one vowel, which may or may not be preceded by a consonant. Word initial syllables may occur with either a null onset or with any single consonant except for /ɹ/ and /j/.

Word internal syllables may only occur with single consonant onsets, with the exception of /h/, which may only appear word initially. Codas are forbidden in any context, with all syllables being open.

==== Epenthesis ====
In instances where a word ending in a null coda (i.e. all words) is followed by a word beginning with a null onset, an epenthetic /ŋ/ is inserted to replace the null onset. This process is treated as if there is no word boundary, and thus the presence of the epenthetic nasal lowers the preceding vowel if it is high, while in other instances word boundaries would prevent this.
*/hatawu/ + /utunasa/ = [sa.daˈɣʷɔ ŋu.dɔ.naˈða]
**/hatawu/ + /ŋaᵐpinaɹa/ = [sa.daˈɣʷu ŋa.ᵐpi.naˈða]

==== Loanwords ====
Due to the nature of this syllable structure non-conforming loanwords are often heavily altered; although it should be noted that calques are extremely more common in favor of familiarity when possible.
Note the simplification of clusters to the second consonant in the example below:

*Helicopter: /ˈheliˌkɔptə(ɹ)/ → /hiɹikuta/

==== Stress ====
Lexical stress in Pangali falls on the final syllable of the root, and this remains true even if derivational suffixes apply.

= Numbers =
Filler text is text that shares some characteristics of a real written text, but is random or otherwise generated. It may be used to display a sample of fonts, generate text for testing, or to spoof an e-mail spam filter. The process of using filler text is sometimes called greeking, although the text itself may be nonsense, or largely Latin, as in Lorem ipsum.
= Nouns =
Filler text is text that shares some characteristics of a real written text, but is random or otherwise generated. It may be used to display a sample of fonts, generate text for testing, or to spoof an e-mail spam filter. The process of using filler text is sometimes called greeking, although the text itself may be nonsense, or largely Latin, as in Lorem ipsum.
= Verbs =
While other languages such as [http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanish_Language Spanish] follow a [http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tense-Aspect-Mood Tense-Aspect-Mood (TAM)] system, in which the three categories are largely conflated amongst conjugation paradigms, Pangali primarily expresses these categories in an agglutinative fashion. Where each category can cleanly be separated morpheme by morpheme.

The 6 categories that verbs in Pangali conjugate for are: Person, Tense, Aspect, Mood, and Evidentiality.

=== Person ===
Filler text is text that shares some characteristics of a real written text, but is random or otherwise generated. It may be used to display a sample of fonts, generate text for testing, or to spoof an e-mail spam filter. The process of using filler text is sometimes called greeking, although the text itself may be nonsense, or largely Latin, as in Lorem ipsum.
=== Tense ===
Filler text is text that shares some characteristics of a real written text, but is random or otherwise generated. It may be used to display a sample of fonts, generate text for testing, or to spoof an e-mail spam filter. The process of using filler text is sometimes called greeking, although the text itself may be nonsense, or largely Latin, as in Lorem ipsum.
==== Present Tense ====
Filler text is text that shares some characteristics of a real written text, but is random or otherwise generated. It may be used to display a sample of fonts, generate text for testing, or to spoof an e-mail spam filter. The process of using filler text is sometimes called greeking, although the text itself may be nonsense, or largely Latin, as in Lorem ipsum.

==== Past Tense ====
Filler text is text that shares some characteristics of a real written text, but is random or otherwise generated. It may be used to display a sample of fonts, generate text for testing, or to spoof an e-mail spam filter. The process of using filler text is sometimes called greeking, although the text itself may be nonsense, or largely Latin, as in Lorem ipsum.

=== Aspect ===
Filler text is text that shares some characteristics of a real written text, but is random or otherwise generated. It may be used to display a sample of fonts, generate text for testing, or to spoof an e-mail spam filter. The process of using filler text is sometimes called greeking, although the text itself may be nonsense, or largely Latin, as in Lorem ipsum.
==== Episodic ====

===== Gnomic =====
===== Habitual =====

==== Stative ====

===== Inchoative =====
===== Cessative =====
===== Progressive =====
===== Continuous =====
===== Discontinuous =====

==== Relative ====

===== Retrospective =====

===== Prospective =====

=== Mood ===

=== Evidentiality ===

= Derivational Morphology =
Filler text is text that shares some characteristics of a real written text, but is random or otherwise generated. It may be used to display a sample of fonts, generate text for testing, or to spoof an e-mail spam filter. The process of using filler text is sometimes called greeking, although the text itself may be nonsense, or largely Latin, as in Lorem ipsum.
= Syntax =

=== Parameter Order ===
Pangali, in line with its use of case marking, allows its speakers to vary their choice of word order. That being said, the default and most neutral order is OSV (Object-Subject-Verb):

[ⁿtɛ.mɔˈmi|wa.ᵐpuˈɟi|ka.ɹu.wi.ɹi.ɡaˈvi]

animal-ACC | father.ERG | CAUS-eat

''The father is feeding the animal''

[ŋa.k͡xu.ɡɔ.maˈmi|wa.ᵐpuˈɟi|i.ɹi.ɡaˈvi|hu|u.na.ŋaˈɡʷu|na.mu.wɛ.naˈvi]

1P.GEN-apple-ACC | father.ERG CAUS-eat | REL | INTRANS-I | fear

''I fear that my father is eating my apple.''

=== Topicalization ===
With the exception of the verb, which must be in the final position of a clause, phrases that are emphasized generally come first in a sentence.

'''Śikimi baúmaliku śuwiwaúśuwi''' (Neutral)

child-ACC bird.ERG DIM-bite

''The bird nipped the child''

-

'''Baúmaliku śikimi śuwiwaúśuwi''' (Emphasis on '''baúmaliku''')

bird.ERG child-ACC DIM-bite

''It was the bird that nipped the child''

Pangali

2019-09-12T12:37:43Z

Kóði: /* Phoneme Inventory */

[[Category:Languages]]
[[Category:Conlangs]]
[[Category:Artlangs]]
[[Category:A_priori]]
[[Category:Language_Isolate]]

{{Infobox language
|name = Pangali
|nativename = Ńipańariâ, Pańari
|pronunciation = [ŋi.ba.ŋa.ɹɨˈʔa], [pa.ŋaˈði]
|creator = [[User:Kóði|Sámuel Hiette Kannosíni]] 
|created = August 8th, 2019
|setting =
|fam1 = [[Language Isolate]]
|script = [[w:Latin script|Latin script]] (Romanization, academic)
|brcl = blue
}}

'''Pangali''' (English: /pɑŋˈgɑli/, /peɪŋˈgɑli/, or /pɛnˈgɑli/) is <s>a poorly made attempt at channeling the creator's artistic nature</s> a constructed language developed by Sámuel Hiette Kannosíni for the purposes of his own <s>gasket-blowing frustration</s> enjoyment and glee.
= Introduction =
<big><center> '''[WARNING - ACHTUNG - AVERTISSEMENT]''' </center></big>
This article is '''very much''' a WIP, examples being inconsistency in formatting/style and references to features not yet fleshed out, as well as some small mentionings of a dialect called Luâi. I '''''realize''''' this is the case, however as someone who has ADHD (primarily inattentive type for the curious informed) and is ''extremely'' busy, my ability to consistently and coherently update this article is abysmal at best.

Thanks for understanding, people who obviously care as much as I do! /s

=== Fictional Setting ===
The Pangali language is the language used by the Pangalu, or the Pangali people, an indigenous people of the Pangali island chain, which is located roughly five hundred and thirty kilometers due west of the Phillipines.
Until 2003 they were considered an uncontacted people, but on March 17th, 2003 an exploratory party onboard a rudimentary sailing vessel voyaged from the northern island of Baluwikaûnu towards the Phillipines. Enroute to their destination, however, they were intercepted by the Philippine Coast Guard some two hundred kilometers northeast of the coast of Tandag City and, controversially, detained for a period of 5 months and 23 days.

Official justification for the length of the detainment was given by the Phillipine Department of Foreign Affairs (DFA) soon after the party’s release, stating:

<blockquote>“Due to the immense language and cultural barrier, as well as concern for the potential spread of disease to the isolated people, and questions regarding their motivation for travel made difficult by the aforementioned barriers, quarantine and detainment procedures were deemed not only the most efficient course of action, but also the safest, for all parties involved.”</blockquote>

The following months gave rise to an increase of international attention surrounding the Pangali people and the continuing communication efforts between them and the Philippine Government. It was later announced by the Philippine DFA that the isolated tribe “no longer wishes to be isolated”, and thus were subsequently placed underneath an international spotlight.

Naturally with the indigenous people now slowly but surely increasing contact with the modern world, records of their culture and language are a must in order to maintain a positive relationship, and thus the purpose of this wiki is, succinctly summarized, to address the linguistic side of such matters.

=== Classification ===
The language is classified as an agglutinative language isolate with a tripartite morphosyntatic alignment that declines nouns under a 12 case system and conjugates verbs for person, tense, aspect, and mood. Adjectives are not inflected and have zero-grade derivation for adverbial phrases.
The primary word order is OSV, however due to nouns being heavily inflected other word orders are possible, with SOV being the most prominently encountered alternate order. Whereas in many languages adpositions are used to indicate different relations between phrases, Pangali typically makes use of existing cases or a variation of Suffixaufnahme (also known as case stacking), wherein different cases are combined to carry the function of an adpositional function not normally covered by the standard twelve.

= Phonology =
In spite of its status as a language isolate, the phonological system of Pangali isn't terribly special in comparison to its neighbors in the Philippines or Australia. A simple syllable structure, few (phonemic) vowels, a fair amount of consonants, and stable vowel quality make this language both interesting and soundly (''ha, pun!'') mundane all at the same time.
=== Phoneme Inventory ===
Pangali's consonant inventory weighs in at a respectable 14 phonemic consonants. A unique feature that may be noted is the presence of phonemic prenasalized stops.

The vowels, on the other hand, number only three in terms of phonemic units. As with many languages with small vowel inventories, what vowels that Pangali does have are subject to significant allophonic variation.

{| class="wikitable" style="margin-left:auto; margin-right: auto; border: none; text-align:center"
|+Pangali Consonant Inventory
|-
! colspan=2 |
! Labial
! Alveolar
! Palatal
! Velar
! Glottal
|-
! colspan=2|Nasal
|m {{angbr|m}}
|n {{angbr|n}}
|
|ŋ {{angbr|ń}}
|
|-
! rowspan=2 | Plosive
! Plain
|p {{angbr|p}}
|t {{angbr|t}}
|
|k {{angbr|k}}
|ʔ {{angbr|ˆ}}
|-
! Prenasalized
|ᵐp {{angbr|b}}
|ⁿt {{angbr|d}}
|
|ᵑk {{angbr|g}}
|
|-
! colspan=2|Approximant
|
|ɹ {{angbr|r}}
|j {{angbr|j}}
|w {{angbr|w}}
|h {{angbr|h,hj}}
|
|-

Notes:
*The alveolar plosives /t/ and /ⁿt/ are laminal.

{| class="wikitable" style="margin-left:auto; margin-right: auto; border: none; text-align:center"
|+Pangali Vowel Inventory
|-
! || Front || Back
|-
! Close
|i {{angbr|i}}
|u {{angbr|u}}
|-
! Open
|a {{angbr|a}}
|
|-
|}

=== Romanization ===
The Pangalu currently have no official writing system but offers to be taught the romanization used in the recorded lexicon produced by academics have been met with enthusiasim.

=== Allophonic Variation ===
==== Plosives ====
Comprising 12 different allophonic variations, Pangali's plosives are the most unstable aspect of the language's phonological inventory.
===== Sonorization =====
Standard Pangali: Plain voiceless plosives become voiced in intervocalic positions.

{| class="wikitable" style="float:center; border: none; text-align:center"
|-
!Shift
!Example
|-
!p → b / V_V
|/ʔu'''p'''a/ → [ʔuˈ'''b'''a]
|-
!t → d / V_V
|/huwu'''t'''uwi/ → [hu.wu.'''d'''uˈɣʷi]1
|-
!k → g / V_V
|/ⁿta'''k'''u/ → [ⁿtaˈ'''g'''u]
|-
|}

Notes:
*A minority of speakers only voice /p t k/ in unstressed syllables, primarily in the more southern islands.

===== Dissimilation =====

Word initially, /p t k/ spirantize to [f s x] when the following syllable shares the same onset. Under the same conditions intervocalically, /p t k/ instead affricate to [p͡f t͡s k͡x]:
{| class="wikitable" style="float:center; border: none; text-align:center"
|-
!Word Initial
!Example
!Intervocalic
!Example
|-
!p → f / _Vp
|/'''p'''apa/ → ['''f'''aˈba]
!p → p͡f / V_Vp
|/ᵐpi'''p'''apa/ → [ᵐpi.'''p͡f'''aˈba]
|-
!t → s / _Vt
|/'''t'''utiɹa/ → ['''s'''u.diˈða]
!t → t͡s / V_Vt
|/ᵐpi'''t'''utiɹa/ → [ᵐpi.'''t͡s'''u.diˈða]
|-
!k → x / _Vk
|/'''k'''uka/ → ['''x'''uˈga]
!k → k͡x / V_Vk
|/ᵐpi'''k'''uka/ → [ᵐpi.'''k͡x'''uˈga]
|-
|}

Notes:
*It is theorized that /p t k/ originally affricated in all positions but later spirantized word initially.
*For the speakers from the island of ''Batawutarjikuri'' affricates continue to occur both word intially and intervocalically.

==== Approximants ====
===== Fortition =====
/ɹ j w/ fortify to [ð̠ ʝ ɣʷ] when occurring in a stressed syllable:

{|class="wikitable" style="float:center; border: none; text-align:center"
! Shifts
! colspan=2 | Examples
|-
! rowspan=2 | ɹ → ð̠
|/pa'''ɹ'''a/ → [paˈ'''ð̠'''a]
|-
|/ki'''ɹ'''i/ → [kiˈ'''ð̠'''i]
|-
! rowspan=2 | j → ʝ
|/iɹata'''j'''u/ → [i.ɹa.daˈ'''ʝ'''u]
|-
|/ni'''j'''a/ → [niˈ'''ʝ'''a]
|-
! rowspan=2 | w → ɣʷ
|/i'''w'''i/ → [iˈ'''ɣʷ'''i]
|-
|/ku'''w'''a/ → [kuˈ'''ɣʷ'''a]
|-
|}

Notes:
*The most common realization of /ɹ/ is [ð̠], a voiced alveolar non-sibilant fricative, but some speakers may realize it as the sibilant counterpart [z] or even postalveolar [ʒ].
*Speakers who realize /ɹ/ as [ʒ] typically merge [ʒ] and [ʝ] to [ʒ].
*Technically, /w/ would be better transcribed as [ɣʷ~ɣ] due to notable free variation, however [ɣʷ] is more commonly encountered and thus the more common transcription.

==== Vowels ====

===== Centralization =====
Vowels preceding /ʔ/ are centralized. /a/ is both centralized and raised:

{| class="wikitable" style="float:center; border: none; text-align:center"
|-
!Shift
!Example
|-
!a → ɐ /_ʔ
|/h'''a'''ʔamu/ → [h'''ɐ'''.ʔaˈmu]2
|-
!u → ʉ /_ʔ
|/han'''u'''ʔa/ → [ha.n'''ʉ'''ˈʔa]2
|-
!i → ɨ /_ʔ
|/p'''i'''ʔa/ → [p'''ɨ'''ˈʔa]
|-
|}

Notes:
*Southern speakers do not raise /a/, but rather retract it to [ɑ]
*For many speakers, [ɨ] and [ʉ] may be in free variation with [ɪ] and [ʊ], respectively.

===== Lowering =====
/i/ and /u/ are lowered to [ɛ] and [ɔ], respectively, when preceding nasals and prenasalized consonants:

{| class="wikitable" style="float:center; border: none; text-align:center"
|-
!Shift
!colspan=2 | Examples
|-
!i → ɛ /_N
|/h'''i'''ⁿtu/ → [h'''ɛ'''ˈⁿtu] || /tat'''i'''nu/ → [sa.d'''ɛ'''ˈnu]
|-
!u → ɔ /_N
|/ʔ'''u'''ŋa/ → [ʔ'''ɔ'''ˈŋa] || /k'''u'''maki/ → [k'''ɔ'''.maˈgi]
|-
|}

=== Phonotactics ===

==== Syllable Structure ====
Pangali has a (C)V structure, where a syllable can only contain one vowel, which may or may not be preceded by a consonant. Word initial syllables may occur with either a null onset or with any single consonant except for /ɹ/ and /j/.

Word internal syllables may only occur with single consonant onsets, with the exception of /h/, which may only appear word initially. Codas are forbidden in any context, with all syllables being open.

==== Epenthesis ====
In instances where a word ending in a null coda (i.e. all words) is followed by a word beginning with a null onset, an epenthetic /ŋ/ is inserted to replace the null onset. This process is treated as if there is no word boundary, and thus the presence of the epenthetic nasal lowers the preceding vowel if it is high, while in other instances word boundaries would prevent this.
*/hatawu/ + /utunasa/ = [sa.daˈɣʷɔ ŋu.dɔ.naˈða]
**/hatawu/ + /ŋaᵐpinaɹa/ = [sa.daˈɣʷu ŋa.ᵐpi.naˈða]

==== Loanwords ====
Due to the nature of this syllable structure non-conforming loanwords are often heavily altered; although it should be noted that calques are extremely more common in favor of familiarity when possible.
Note the simplification of clusters to the second consonant in the example below:

*Helicopter: /ˈheliˌkɔptə(ɹ)/ → /hiɹikuta/

==== Stress ====
Lexical stress in Pangali falls on the final syllable of the root, and this remains true even if derivational suffixes apply.

= Numbers =
Filler text is text that shares some characteristics of a real written text, but is random or otherwise generated. It may be used to display a sample of fonts, generate text for testing, or to spoof an e-mail spam filter. The process of using filler text is sometimes called greeking, although the text itself may be nonsense, or largely Latin, as in Lorem ipsum.
= Nouns =
Filler text is text that shares some characteristics of a real written text, but is random or otherwise generated. It may be used to display a sample of fonts, generate text for testing, or to spoof an e-mail spam filter. The process of using filler text is sometimes called greeking, although the text itself may be nonsense, or largely Latin, as in Lorem ipsum.
= Verbs =
While other languages such as [http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanish_Language Spanish] follow a [http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tense-Aspect-Mood Tense-Aspect-Mood (TAM)] system, in which the three categories are largely conflated amongst conjugation paradigms, Pangali primarily expresses these categories in an agglutinative fashion. Where each category can cleanly be separated morpheme by morpheme.

The 6 categories that verbs in Pangali conjugate for are: Person, Tense, Aspect, Mood, and Evidentiality.

=== Person ===
Filler text is text that shares some characteristics of a real written text, but is random or otherwise generated. It may be used to display a sample of fonts, generate text for testing, or to spoof an e-mail spam filter. The process of using filler text is sometimes called greeking, although the text itself may be nonsense, or largely Latin, as in Lorem ipsum.
=== Tense ===
Filler text is text that shares some characteristics of a real written text, but is random or otherwise generated. It may be used to display a sample of fonts, generate text for testing, or to spoof an e-mail spam filter. The process of using filler text is sometimes called greeking, although the text itself may be nonsense, or largely Latin, as in Lorem ipsum.
==== Present Tense ====
Filler text is text that shares some characteristics of a real written text, but is random or otherwise generated. It may be used to display a sample of fonts, generate text for testing, or to spoof an e-mail spam filter. The process of using filler text is sometimes called greeking, although the text itself may be nonsense, or largely Latin, as in Lorem ipsum.

==== Past Tense ====
Filler text is text that shares some characteristics of a real written text, but is random or otherwise generated. It may be used to display a sample of fonts, generate text for testing, or to spoof an e-mail spam filter. The process of using filler text is sometimes called greeking, although the text itself may be nonsense, or largely Latin, as in Lorem ipsum.

=== Aspect ===
Filler text is text that shares some characteristics of a real written text, but is random or otherwise generated. It may be used to display a sample of fonts, generate text for testing, or to spoof an e-mail spam filter. The process of using filler text is sometimes called greeking, although the text itself may be nonsense, or largely Latin, as in Lorem ipsum.
==== Episodic ====

===== Gnomic =====
===== Habitual =====

==== Stative ====

===== Inchoative =====
===== Cessative =====
===== Progressive =====
===== Continuous =====
===== Discontinuous =====

==== Relative ====

===== Retrospective =====

===== Prospective =====

=== Mood ===

=== Evidentiality ===

= Derivational Morphology =
Filler text is text that shares some characteristics of a real written text, but is random or otherwise generated. It may be used to display a sample of fonts, generate text for testing, or to spoof an e-mail spam filter. The process of using filler text is sometimes called greeking, although the text itself may be nonsense, or largely Latin, as in Lorem ipsum.
= Syntax =

=== Parameter Order ===
Pangali, in line with its use of case marking, allows its speakers to vary their choice of word order. That being said, the default and most neutral order is OSV (Object-Subject-Verb):

[ⁿtɛ.mɔˈmi|wa.ᵐpuˈɟi|ka.ɹu.wi.ɹi.ɡaˈvi]

animal-ACC | father.ERG | CAUS-eat

''The father is feeding the animal''

[ŋa.k͡xu.ɡɔ.maˈmi|wa.ᵐpuˈɟi|i.ɹi.ɡaˈvi|hu|u.na.ŋaˈɡʷu|na.mu.wɛ.naˈvi]

1P.GEN-apple-ACC | father.ERG CAUS-eat | REL | INTRANS-I | fear

''I fear that my father is eating my apple.''

=== Topicalization ===
With the exception of the verb, which must be in the final position of a clause, phrases that are emphasized generally come first in a sentence.

'''Śikimi baúmaliku śuwiwaúśuwi''' (Neutral)

child-ACC bird.ERG DIM-bite

''The bird nipped the child''

-

'''Baúmaliku śikimi śuwiwaúśuwi''' (Emphasis on '''baúmaliku''')

bird.ERG child-ACC DIM-bite

''It was the bird that nipped the child''

Pangali

2019-09-12T12:36:55Z

Kóði: /* Phoneme Inventory */

[[Category:Languages]]
[[Category:Conlangs]]
[[Category:Artlangs]]
[[Category:A_priori]]
[[Category:Language_Isolate]]

{{Infobox language
|name = Pangali
|nativename = Ńipańariâ, Pańari
|pronunciation = [ŋi.ba.ŋa.ɹɨˈʔa], [pa.ŋaˈði]
|creator = [[User:Kóði|Sámuel Hiette Kannosíni]] 
|created = August 8th, 2019
|setting =
|fam1 = [[Language Isolate]]
|script = [[w:Latin script|Latin script]] (Romanization, academic)
|brcl = blue
}}

'''Pangali''' (English: /pɑŋˈgɑli/, /peɪŋˈgɑli/, or /pɛnˈgɑli/) is <s>a poorly made attempt at channeling the creator's artistic nature</s> a constructed language developed by Sámuel Hiette Kannosíni for the purposes of his own <s>gasket-blowing frustration</s> enjoyment and glee.
= Introduction =
<big><center> '''[WARNING - ACHTUNG - AVERTISSEMENT]''' </center></big>
This article is '''very much''' a WIP, examples being inconsistency in formatting/style and references to features not yet fleshed out, as well as some small mentionings of a dialect called Luâi. I '''''realize''''' this is the case, however as someone who has ADHD (primarily inattentive type for the curious informed) and is ''extremely'' busy, my ability to consistently and coherently update this article is abysmal at best.

Thanks for understanding, people who obviously care as much as I do! /s

=== Fictional Setting ===
The Pangali language is the language used by the Pangalu, or the Pangali people, an indigenous people of the Pangali island chain, which is located roughly five hundred and thirty kilometers due west of the Phillipines.
Until 2003 they were considered an uncontacted people, but on March 17th, 2003 an exploratory party onboard a rudimentary sailing vessel voyaged from the northern island of Baluwikaûnu towards the Phillipines. Enroute to their destination, however, they were intercepted by the Philippine Coast Guard some two hundred kilometers northeast of the coast of Tandag City and, controversially, detained for a period of 5 months and 23 days.

Official justification for the length of the detainment was given by the Phillipine Department of Foreign Affairs (DFA) soon after the party’s release, stating:

<blockquote>“Due to the immense language and cultural barrier, as well as concern for the potential spread of disease to the isolated people, and questions regarding their motivation for travel made difficult by the aforementioned barriers, quarantine and detainment procedures were deemed not only the most efficient course of action, but also the safest, for all parties involved.”</blockquote>

The following months gave rise to an increase of international attention surrounding the Pangali people and the continuing communication efforts between them and the Philippine Government. It was later announced by the Philippine DFA that the isolated tribe “no longer wishes to be isolated”, and thus were subsequently placed underneath an international spotlight.

Naturally with the indigenous people now slowly but surely increasing contact with the modern world, records of their culture and language are a must in order to maintain a positive relationship, and thus the purpose of this wiki is, succinctly summarized, to address the linguistic side of such matters.

=== Classification ===
The language is classified as an agglutinative language isolate with a tripartite morphosyntatic alignment that declines nouns under a 12 case system and conjugates verbs for person, tense, aspect, and mood. Adjectives are not inflected and have zero-grade derivation for adverbial phrases.
The primary word order is OSV, however due to nouns being heavily inflected other word orders are possible, with SOV being the most prominently encountered alternate order. Whereas in many languages adpositions are used to indicate different relations between phrases, Pangali typically makes use of existing cases or a variation of Suffixaufnahme (also known as case stacking), wherein different cases are combined to carry the function of an adpositional function not normally covered by the standard twelve.

= Phonology =
In spite of its status as a language isolate, the phonological system of Pangali isn't terribly special in comparison to its neighbors in the Philippines or Australia. A simple syllable structure, few (phonemic) vowels, a fair amount of consonants, and stable vowel quality make this language both interesting and soundly (''ha, pun!'') mundane all at the same time.
=== Phoneme Inventory ===
Pangali's consonant inventory weighs in at a respectable 14 phonemic consonants. A unique feature that may be noted is the presence of phonemic prenasalized stops.

The vowels, on the other hand, number only three in terms of phonemic units. As with many languages with small vowel inventories, what vowels that Pangali does have are subject to significant allophonic variation.

{| class="wikitable" style="margin-left:auto; margin-right: auto; border: none; text-align:center"
|+Pangali Consonant Inventory
|-
! colspan=2 |
! Labial
! Alveolar
! Palatal
! Velar
! Glottal
|-
! colspan=2|Nasal
|m {{angbr|m}}
|n {{angbr|n}}
|
|ŋ {{angbr|ń}}
|
|-
! rowspan=2 | Plosive
! Plain
|p {{angbr|p}}
|t {{angbr|t}}
|
|k {{angbr|k}}
|ʔ {{angbr|ˆ}}
|-
! Prenasalized
|ᵐp {{angbr|b}}
|ⁿt {{angbr|d}}
|
|ᵑk {{angbr|g}}
|
|-
! colspan=2|Approximant
|
|ɹ {{angbr|r}}
|
|j {{angbr|j}}
|w {{angbr|w}}
|h {{angbr|h,hj}}
|-

Notes:
*The alveolar plosives /t/ and /ⁿt/ are laminal.

{| class="wikitable" style="margin-left:auto; margin-right: auto; border: none; text-align:center"
|+Pangali Vowel Inventory
|-
! || Front || Back
|-
! Close
|i {{angbr|i}}
|u {{angbr|u}}
|-
! Open
|a {{angbr|a}}
|
|-
|}

=== Romanization ===
The Pangalu currently have no official writing system but offers to be taught the romanization used in the recorded lexicon produced by academics have been met with enthusiasim.

=== Allophonic Variation ===
==== Plosives ====
Comprising 12 different allophonic variations, Pangali's plosives are the most unstable aspect of the language's phonological inventory.
===== Sonorization =====
Standard Pangali: Plain voiceless plosives become voiced in intervocalic positions.

{| class="wikitable" style="float:center; border: none; text-align:center"
|-
!Shift
!Example
|-
!p → b / V_V
|/ʔu'''p'''a/ → [ʔuˈ'''b'''a]
|-
!t → d / V_V
|/huwu'''t'''uwi/ → [hu.wu.'''d'''uˈɣʷi]1
|-
!k → g / V_V
|/ⁿta'''k'''u/ → [ⁿtaˈ'''g'''u]
|-
|}

Notes:
*A minority of speakers only voice /p t k/ in unstressed syllables, primarily in the more southern islands.

===== Dissimilation =====

Word initially, /p t k/ spirantize to [f s x] when the following syllable shares the same onset. Under the same conditions intervocalically, /p t k/ instead affricate to [p͡f t͡s k͡x]:
{| class="wikitable" style="float:center; border: none; text-align:center"
|-
!Word Initial
!Example
!Intervocalic
!Example
|-
!p → f / _Vp
|/'''p'''apa/ → ['''f'''aˈba]
!p → p͡f / V_Vp
|/ᵐpi'''p'''apa/ → [ᵐpi.'''p͡f'''aˈba]
|-
!t → s / _Vt
|/'''t'''utiɹa/ → ['''s'''u.diˈða]
!t → t͡s / V_Vt
|/ᵐpi'''t'''utiɹa/ → [ᵐpi.'''t͡s'''u.diˈða]
|-
!k → x / _Vk
|/'''k'''uka/ → ['''x'''uˈga]
!k → k͡x / V_Vk
|/ᵐpi'''k'''uka/ → [ᵐpi.'''k͡x'''uˈga]
|-
|}

Notes:
*It is theorized that /p t k/ originally affricated in all positions but later spirantized word initially.
*For the speakers from the island of ''Batawutarjikuri'' affricates continue to occur both word intially and intervocalically.

==== Approximants ====
===== Fortition =====
/ɹ j w/ fortify to [ð̠ ʝ ɣʷ] when occurring in a stressed syllable:

{|class="wikitable" style="float:center; border: none; text-align:center"
! Shifts
! colspan=2 | Examples
|-
! rowspan=2 | ɹ → ð̠
|/pa'''ɹ'''a/ → [paˈ'''ð̠'''a]
|-
|/ki'''ɹ'''i/ → [kiˈ'''ð̠'''i]
|-
! rowspan=2 | j → ʝ
|/iɹata'''j'''u/ → [i.ɹa.daˈ'''ʝ'''u]
|-
|/ni'''j'''a/ → [niˈ'''ʝ'''a]
|-
! rowspan=2 | w → ɣʷ
|/i'''w'''i/ → [iˈ'''ɣʷ'''i]
|-
|/ku'''w'''a/ → [kuˈ'''ɣʷ'''a]
|-
|}

Notes:
*The most common realization of /ɹ/ is [ð̠], a voiced alveolar non-sibilant fricative, but some speakers may realize it as the sibilant counterpart [z] or even postalveolar [ʒ].
*Speakers who realize /ɹ/ as [ʒ] typically merge [ʒ] and [ʝ] to [ʒ].
*Technically, /w/ would be better transcribed as [ɣʷ~ɣ] due to notable free variation, however [ɣʷ] is more commonly encountered and thus the more common transcription.

==== Vowels ====

===== Centralization =====
Vowels preceding /ʔ/ are centralized. /a/ is both centralized and raised:

{| class="wikitable" style="float:center; border: none; text-align:center"
|-
!Shift
!Example
|-
!a → ɐ /_ʔ
|/h'''a'''ʔamu/ → [h'''ɐ'''.ʔaˈmu]2
|-
!u → ʉ /_ʔ
|/han'''u'''ʔa/ → [ha.n'''ʉ'''ˈʔa]2
|-
!i → ɨ /_ʔ
|/p'''i'''ʔa/ → [p'''ɨ'''ˈʔa]
|-
|}

Notes:
*Southern speakers do not raise /a/, but rather retract it to [ɑ]
*For many speakers, [ɨ] and [ʉ] may be in free variation with [ɪ] and [ʊ], respectively.

===== Lowering =====
/i/ and /u/ are lowered to [ɛ] and [ɔ], respectively, when preceding nasals and prenasalized consonants:

{| class="wikitable" style="float:center; border: none; text-align:center"
|-
!Shift
!colspan=2 | Examples
|-
!i → ɛ /_N
|/h'''i'''ⁿtu/ → [h'''ɛ'''ˈⁿtu] || /tat'''i'''nu/ → [sa.d'''ɛ'''ˈnu]
|-
!u → ɔ /_N
|/ʔ'''u'''ŋa/ → [ʔ'''ɔ'''ˈŋa] || /k'''u'''maki/ → [k'''ɔ'''.maˈgi]
|-
|}

=== Phonotactics ===

==== Syllable Structure ====
Pangali has a (C)V structure, where a syllable can only contain one vowel, which may or may not be preceded by a consonant. Word initial syllables may occur with either a null onset or with any single consonant except for /ɹ/ and /j/.

Word internal syllables may only occur with single consonant onsets, with the exception of /h/, which may only appear word initially. Codas are forbidden in any context, with all syllables being open.

==== Epenthesis ====
In instances where a word ending in a null coda (i.e. all words) is followed by a word beginning with a null onset, an epenthetic /ŋ/ is inserted to replace the null onset. This process is treated as if there is no word boundary, and thus the presence of the epenthetic nasal lowers the preceding vowel if it is high, while in other instances word boundaries would prevent this.
*/hatawu/ + /utunasa/ = [sa.daˈɣʷɔ ŋu.dɔ.naˈða]
**/hatawu/ + /ŋaᵐpinaɹa/ = [sa.daˈɣʷu ŋa.ᵐpi.naˈða]

==== Loanwords ====
Due to the nature of this syllable structure non-conforming loanwords are often heavily altered; although it should be noted that calques are extremely more common in favor of familiarity when possible.
Note the simplification of clusters to the second consonant in the example below:

*Helicopter: /ˈheliˌkɔptə(ɹ)/ → /hiɹikuta/

==== Stress ====
Lexical stress in Pangali falls on the final syllable of the root, and this remains true even if derivational suffixes apply.

= Numbers =
Filler text is text that shares some characteristics of a real written text, but is random or otherwise generated. It may be used to display a sample of fonts, generate text for testing, or to spoof an e-mail spam filter. The process of using filler text is sometimes called greeking, although the text itself may be nonsense, or largely Latin, as in Lorem ipsum.
= Nouns =
Filler text is text that shares some characteristics of a real written text, but is random or otherwise generated. It may be used to display a sample of fonts, generate text for testing, or to spoof an e-mail spam filter. The process of using filler text is sometimes called greeking, although the text itself may be nonsense, or largely Latin, as in Lorem ipsum.
= Verbs =
While other languages such as [http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanish_Language Spanish] follow a [http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tense-Aspect-Mood Tense-Aspect-Mood (TAM)] system, in which the three categories are largely conflated amongst conjugation paradigms, Pangali primarily expresses these categories in an agglutinative fashion. Where each category can cleanly be separated morpheme by morpheme.

The 6 categories that verbs in Pangali conjugate for are: Person, Tense, Aspect, Mood, and Evidentiality.

=== Person ===
Filler text is text that shares some characteristics of a real written text, but is random or otherwise generated. It may be used to display a sample of fonts, generate text for testing, or to spoof an e-mail spam filter. The process of using filler text is sometimes called greeking, although the text itself may be nonsense, or largely Latin, as in Lorem ipsum.
=== Tense ===
Filler text is text that shares some characteristics of a real written text, but is random or otherwise generated. It may be used to display a sample of fonts, generate text for testing, or to spoof an e-mail spam filter. The process of using filler text is sometimes called greeking, although the text itself may be nonsense, or largely Latin, as in Lorem ipsum.
==== Present Tense ====
Filler text is text that shares some characteristics of a real written text, but is random or otherwise generated. It may be used to display a sample of fonts, generate text for testing, or to spoof an e-mail spam filter. The process of using filler text is sometimes called greeking, although the text itself may be nonsense, or largely Latin, as in Lorem ipsum.

==== Past Tense ====
Filler text is text that shares some characteristics of a real written text, but is random or otherwise generated. It may be used to display a sample of fonts, generate text for testing, or to spoof an e-mail spam filter. The process of using filler text is sometimes called greeking, although the text itself may be nonsense, or largely Latin, as in Lorem ipsum.

=== Aspect ===
Filler text is text that shares some characteristics of a real written text, but is random or otherwise generated. It may be used to display a sample of fonts, generate text for testing, or to spoof an e-mail spam filter. The process of using filler text is sometimes called greeking, although the text itself may be nonsense, or largely Latin, as in Lorem ipsum.
==== Episodic ====

===== Gnomic =====
===== Habitual =====

==== Stative ====

===== Inchoative =====
===== Cessative =====
===== Progressive =====
===== Continuous =====
===== Discontinuous =====

==== Relative ====

===== Retrospective =====

===== Prospective =====

=== Mood ===

=== Evidentiality ===

= Derivational Morphology =
Filler text is text that shares some characteristics of a real written text, but is random or otherwise generated. It may be used to display a sample of fonts, generate text for testing, or to spoof an e-mail spam filter. The process of using filler text is sometimes called greeking, although the text itself may be nonsense, or largely Latin, as in Lorem ipsum.
= Syntax =

=== Parameter Order ===
Pangali, in line with its use of case marking, allows its speakers to vary their choice of word order. That being said, the default and most neutral order is OSV (Object-Subject-Verb):

[ⁿtɛ.mɔˈmi|wa.ᵐpuˈɟi|ka.ɹu.wi.ɹi.ɡaˈvi]

animal-ACC | father.ERG | CAUS-eat

''The father is feeding the animal''

[ŋa.k͡xu.ɡɔ.maˈmi|wa.ᵐpuˈɟi|i.ɹi.ɡaˈvi|hu|u.na.ŋaˈɡʷu|na.mu.wɛ.naˈvi]

1P.GEN-apple-ACC | father.ERG CAUS-eat | REL | INTRANS-I | fear

''I fear that my father is eating my apple.''

=== Topicalization ===
With the exception of the verb, which must be in the final position of a clause, phrases that are emphasized generally come first in a sentence.

'''Śikimi baúmaliku śuwiwaúśuwi''' (Neutral)

child-ACC bird.ERG DIM-bite

''The bird nipped the child''

-

'''Baúmaliku śikimi śuwiwaúśuwi''' (Emphasis on '''baúmaliku''')

bird.ERG child-ACC DIM-bite

''It was the bird that nipped the child''

Pangali

2019-09-12T10:43:10Z

Kóði: /* Phoneme Inventory */

[[Category:Languages]]
[[Category:Conlangs]]
[[Category:Artlangs]]
[[Category:A_priori]]
[[Category:Language_Isolate]]

{{Infobox language
|name = Pangali
|nativename = Ńipańariâ, Pańari
|pronunciation = [ŋi.ba.ŋa.ɹɨˈʔa], [pa.ŋaˈði]
|creator = [[User:Kóði|Sámuel Hiette Kannosíni]] 
|created = August 8th, 2019
|setting =
|fam1 = [[Language Isolate]]
|script = [[w:Latin script|Latin script]] (Romanization, academic)
|brcl = blue
}}

'''Pangali''' (English: /pɑŋˈgɑli/, /peɪŋˈgɑli/, or /pɛnˈgɑli/) is <s>a poorly made attempt at channeling the creator's artistic nature</s> a constructed language developed by Sámuel Hiette Kannosíni for the purposes of his own <s>gasket-blowing frustration</s> enjoyment and glee.
= Introduction =
<big><center> '''[WARNING - ACHTUNG - AVERTISSEMENT]''' </center></big>
This article is '''very much''' a WIP, examples being inconsistency in formatting/style and references to features not yet fleshed out, as well as some small mentionings of a dialect called Luâi. I '''''realize''''' this is the case, however as someone who has ADHD (primarily inattentive type for the curious informed) and is ''extremely'' busy, my ability to consistently and coherently update this article is abysmal at best.

Thanks for understanding, people who obviously care as much as I do! /s

=== Fictional Setting ===
The Pangali language is the language used by the Pangalu, or the Pangali people, an indigenous people of the Pangali island chain, which is located roughly five hundred and thirty kilometers due west of the Phillipines.
Until 2003 they were considered an uncontacted people, but on March 17th, 2003 an exploratory party onboard a rudimentary sailing vessel voyaged from the northern island of Baluwikaûnu towards the Phillipines. Enroute to their destination, however, they were intercepted by the Philippine Coast Guard some two hundred kilometers northeast of the coast of Tandag City and, controversially, detained for a period of 5 months and 23 days.

Official justification for the length of the detainment was given by the Phillipine Department of Foreign Affairs (DFA) soon after the party’s release, stating:

<blockquote>“Due to the immense language and cultural barrier, as well as concern for the potential spread of disease to the isolated people, and questions regarding their motivation for travel made difficult by the aforementioned barriers, quarantine and detainment procedures were deemed not only the most efficient course of action, but also the safest, for all parties involved.”</blockquote>

The following months gave rise to an increase of international attention surrounding the Pangali people and the continuing communication efforts between them and the Philippine Government. It was later announced by the Philippine DFA that the isolated tribe “no longer wishes to be isolated”, and thus were subsequently placed underneath an international spotlight.

Naturally with the indigenous people now slowly but surely increasing contact with the modern world, records of their culture and language are a must in order to maintain a positive relationship, and thus the purpose of this wiki is, succinctly summarized, to address the linguistic side of such matters.

=== Classification ===
The language is classified as an agglutinative language isolate with a tripartite morphosyntatic alignment that declines nouns under a 12 case system and conjugates verbs for person, tense, aspect, and mood. Adjectives are not inflected and have zero-grade derivation for adverbial phrases.
The primary word order is OSV, however due to nouns being heavily inflected other word orders are possible, with SOV being the most prominently encountered alternate order. Whereas in many languages adpositions are used to indicate different relations between phrases, Pangali typically makes use of existing cases or a variation of Suffixaufnahme (also known as case stacking), wherein different cases are combined to carry the function of an adpositional function not normally covered by the standard twelve.

= Phonology =
In spite of its status as a language isolate, the phonological system of Pangali isn't terribly special in comparison to its neighbors in the Philippines or Australia. A simple syllable structure, few (phonemic) vowels, a fair amount of consonants, and stable vowel quality make this language both interesting and soundly (''ha, pun!'') mundane all at the same time.
=== Phoneme Inventory ===
Pangali's consonant inventory weighs in at a respectable 21 phonemic consonants. A unique feature that may be noted is the presence of phonemic prenasalized stops.

The vowels, on the other hand, number only three in terms of phonemic units. As with many languages with small vowel inventories, what vowels that Pangali does have are subject to significant allophonic variation.
{| class="wikitable" style="margin-left:auto; margin-right: auto; border: none; text-align:center"
|+Pangali Consonant Inventory
|-
! colspan=2 |
! Labial
! Alveolar
! Palatal
! Velar
! Glottal
|-
! colspan=2|Nasal
| m {{angbr|m}}
| n {{angbr|n}}
|
| ŋ {{angbr|ń}}
|
|-
! rowspan=2 | Plosive
! Plain
| p {{angbr|p}}
| t {{angbr|t}}
|
| k {{angbr|k}}
| ʔ {{angbr|ˆ}}
|-
! Prenasalized
| ᵐp {{angbr|b}}
| ⁿt {{angbr|d}}
|
| ᵑk {{angbr|g}}
|
|-
! colspan=2|Fricative
|
|
|
|
| h {{angbr |h,hj}}
|-
! colspan=2|Approximant
|
| ɹ {{angbr|r}}
| j {{angbr|j}}
| w {{angbr|w}}
|
|-

Notes:
*The alveolar plosives /t/ and /ⁿt/ are laminal.
*/h/ is a true fricative.

{| class="wikitable" style="margin-left:auto; margin-right: auto; border: none; text-align:center"
|+Pangali Vowel Inventory
|-
! || Front || Back
|-
! Close
| i {{angbr |i}}
| u {{angbr |u}}
|-
! Open
| a {{angbr |a}}
|
|-
|}

=== Romanization ===
The Pangalu currently have no official writing system but offers to be taught the romanization used in the recorded lexicon produced by academics have been met with enthusiasim.

=== Allophonic Variation ===
==== Plosives ====
Comprising 12 different allophonic variations, Pangali's plosives are the most unstable aspect of the language's phonological inventory.
===== Sonorization =====
Standard Pangali: Plain voiceless plosives become voiced in intervocalic positions.

{| class="wikitable" style="float:center; border: none; text-align:center"
|-
!Shift
!Example
|-
!p → b / V_V
|/ʔu'''p'''a/ → [ʔuˈ'''b'''a]
|-
!t → d / V_V
|/huwu'''t'''uwi/ → [hu.wu.'''d'''uˈɣʷi]1
|-
!k → g / V_V
|/ⁿta'''k'''u/ → [ⁿtaˈ'''g'''u]
|-
|}

Notes:
*A minority of speakers only voice /p t k/ in unstressed syllables, primarily in the more southern islands.

===== Dissimilation =====

Word initially, /p t k/ spirantize to [f s x] when the following syllable shares the same onset. Under the same conditions intervocalically, /p t k/ instead affricate to [p͡f t͡s k͡x]:
{| class="wikitable" style="float:center; border: none; text-align:center"
|-
!Word Initial
!Example
!Intervocalic
!Example
|-
!p → f / _Vp
|/'''p'''apa/ → ['''f'''aˈba]
!p → p͡f / V_Vp
|/ᵐpi'''p'''apa/ → [ᵐpi.'''p͡f'''aˈba]
|-
!t → s / _Vt
|/'''t'''utiɹa/ → ['''s'''u.diˈða]
!t → t͡s / V_Vt
|/ᵐpi'''t'''utiɹa/ → [ᵐpi.'''t͡s'''u.diˈða]
|-
!k → x / _Vk
|/'''k'''uka/ → ['''x'''uˈga]
!k → k͡x / V_Vk
|/ᵐpi'''k'''uka/ → [ᵐpi.'''k͡x'''uˈga]
|-
|}

Notes:
*It is theorized that /p t k/ originally affricated in all positions but later spirantized word initially.
*For the speakers from the island of ''Batawutarjikuri'' affricates continue to occur both word intially and intervocalically.

==== Approximants ====
===== Fortition =====
/ɹ j w/ fortify to [ð̠ ʝ ɣʷ] when occurring in a stressed syllable:

{|class="wikitable" style="float:center; border: none; text-align:center"
! Shifts
! colspan=2 | Examples
|-
! rowspan=2 | ɹ → ð̠
|/pa'''ɹ'''a/ → [paˈ'''ð̠'''a]
|-
|/ki'''ɹ'''i/ → [kiˈ'''ð̠'''i]
|-
! rowspan=2 | j → ʝ
|/iɹata'''j'''u/ → [i.ɹa.daˈ'''ʝ'''u]
|-
|/ni'''j'''a/ → [niˈ'''ʝ'''a]
|-
! rowspan=2 | w → ɣʷ
|/i'''w'''i/ → [iˈ'''ɣʷ'''i]
|-
|/ku'''w'''a/ → [kuˈ'''ɣʷ'''a]
|-
|}

Notes:
*The most common realization of /ɹ/ is [ð̠], a voiced alveolar non-sibilant fricative, but some speakers may realize it as the sibilant counterpart [z] or even postalveolar [ʒ].
*Speakers who realize /ɹ/ as [ʒ] typically merge [ʒ] and [ʝ] to [ʒ].
*Technically, /w/ would be better transcribed as [ɣʷ~ɣ] due to notable free variation, however [ɣʷ] is more commonly encountered and thus the more common transcription.

==== Vowels ====

===== Centralization =====
Vowels preceding /ʔ/ are centralized. /a/ is both centralized and raised:

{| class="wikitable" style="float:center; border: none; text-align:center"
|-
!Shift
!Example
|-
!a → ɐ /_ʔ
|/h'''a'''ʔamu/ → [h'''ɐ'''.ʔaˈmu]2
|-
!u → ʉ /_ʔ
|/han'''u'''ʔa/ → [ha.n'''ʉ'''ˈʔa]2
|-
!i → ɨ /_ʔ
|/p'''i'''ʔa/ → [p'''ɨ'''ˈʔa]
|-
|}

Notes:
*Southern speakers do not raise /a/, but rather retract it to [ɑ]
*For many speakers, [ɨ] and [ʉ] may be in free variation with [ɪ] and [ʊ], respectively.

===== Lowering =====
/i/ and /u/ are lowered to [ɛ] and [ɔ], respectively, when preceding nasals and prenasalized consonants:

{| class="wikitable" style="float:center; border: none; text-align:center"
|-
!Shift
!colspan=2 | Examples
|-
!i → ɛ /_N
|/h'''i'''ⁿtu/ → [h'''ɛ'''ˈⁿtu] || /tat'''i'''nu/ → [sa.d'''ɛ'''ˈnu]
|-
!u → ɔ /_N
|/ʔ'''u'''ŋa/ → [ʔ'''ɔ'''ˈŋa] || /k'''u'''maki/ → [k'''ɔ'''.maˈgi]
|-
|}

=== Phonotactics ===

==== Syllable Structure ====
Pangali has a (C)V structure, where a syllable can only contain one vowel, which may or may not be preceded by a consonant. Word initial syllables may occur with either a null onset or with any single consonant except for /ɹ/ and /j/.

Word internal syllables may only occur with single consonant onsets, with the exception of /h/, which may only appear word initially. Codas are forbidden in any context, with all syllables being open.

==== Epenthesis ====
In instances where a word ending in a null coda (i.e. all words) is followed by a word beginning with a null onset, an epenthetic /ŋ/ is inserted to replace the null onset. This process is treated as if there is no word boundary, and thus the presence of the epenthetic nasal lowers the preceding vowel if it is high, while in other instances word boundaries would prevent this.
*/hatawu/ + /utunasa/ = [sa.daˈɣʷɔ ŋu.dɔ.naˈða]
**/hatawu/ + /ŋaᵐpinaɹa/ = [sa.daˈɣʷu ŋa.ᵐpi.naˈða]

==== Loanwords ====
Due to the nature of this syllable structure non-conforming loanwords are often heavily altered; although it should be noted that calques are extremely more common in favor of familiarity when possible.
Note the simplification of clusters to the second consonant in the example below:

*Helicopter: /ˈheliˌkɔptə(ɹ)/ → /hiɹikuta/

==== Stress ====
Lexical stress in Pangali falls on the final syllable of the root, and this remains true even if derivational suffixes apply.

= Numbers =
Filler text is text that shares some characteristics of a real written text, but is random or otherwise generated. It may be used to display a sample of fonts, generate text for testing, or to spoof an e-mail spam filter. The process of using filler text is sometimes called greeking, although the text itself may be nonsense, or largely Latin, as in Lorem ipsum.
= Nouns =
Filler text is text that shares some characteristics of a real written text, but is random or otherwise generated. It may be used to display a sample of fonts, generate text for testing, or to spoof an e-mail spam filter. The process of using filler text is sometimes called greeking, although the text itself may be nonsense, or largely Latin, as in Lorem ipsum.
= Verbs =
While other languages such as [http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanish_Language Spanish] follow a [http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tense-Aspect-Mood Tense-Aspect-Mood (TAM)] system, in which the three categories are largely conflated amongst conjugation paradigms, Pangali primarily expresses these categories in an agglutinative fashion. Where each category can cleanly be separated morpheme by morpheme.

The 6 categories that verbs in Pangali conjugate for are: Person, Tense, Aspect, Mood, and Evidentiality.

=== Person ===
Filler text is text that shares some characteristics of a real written text, but is random or otherwise generated. It may be used to display a sample of fonts, generate text for testing, or to spoof an e-mail spam filter. The process of using filler text is sometimes called greeking, although the text itself may be nonsense, or largely Latin, as in Lorem ipsum.
=== Tense ===
Filler text is text that shares some characteristics of a real written text, but is random or otherwise generated. It may be used to display a sample of fonts, generate text for testing, or to spoof an e-mail spam filter. The process of using filler text is sometimes called greeking, although the text itself may be nonsense, or largely Latin, as in Lorem ipsum.
==== Present Tense ====
Filler text is text that shares some characteristics of a real written text, but is random or otherwise generated. It may be used to display a sample of fonts, generate text for testing, or to spoof an e-mail spam filter. The process of using filler text is sometimes called greeking, although the text itself may be nonsense, or largely Latin, as in Lorem ipsum.

==== Past Tense ====
Filler text is text that shares some characteristics of a real written text, but is random or otherwise generated. It may be used to display a sample of fonts, generate text for testing, or to spoof an e-mail spam filter. The process of using filler text is sometimes called greeking, although the text itself may be nonsense, or largely Latin, as in Lorem ipsum.

=== Aspect ===
Filler text is text that shares some characteristics of a real written text, but is random or otherwise generated. It may be used to display a sample of fonts, generate text for testing, or to spoof an e-mail spam filter. The process of using filler text is sometimes called greeking, although the text itself may be nonsense, or largely Latin, as in Lorem ipsum.
==== Episodic ====

===== Gnomic =====
===== Habitual =====

==== Stative ====

===== Inchoative =====
===== Cessative =====
===== Progressive =====
===== Continuous =====
===== Discontinuous =====

==== Relative ====

===== Retrospective =====

===== Prospective =====

=== Mood ===

=== Evidentiality ===

= Derivational Morphology =
Filler text is text that shares some characteristics of a real written text, but is random or otherwise generated. It may be used to display a sample of fonts, generate text for testing, or to spoof an e-mail spam filter. The process of using filler text is sometimes called greeking, although the text itself may be nonsense, or largely Latin, as in Lorem ipsum.
= Syntax =

=== Parameter Order ===
Pangali, in line with its use of case marking, allows its speakers to vary their choice of word order. That being said, the default and most neutral order is OSV (Object-Subject-Verb):

[ⁿtɛ.mɔˈmi|wa.ᵐpuˈɟi|ka.ɹu.wi.ɹi.ɡaˈvi]

animal-ACC | father.ERG | CAUS-eat

''The father is feeding the animal''

[ŋa.k͡xu.ɡɔ.maˈmi|wa.ᵐpuˈɟi|i.ɹi.ɡaˈvi|hu|u.na.ŋaˈɡʷu|na.mu.wɛ.naˈvi]

1P.GEN-apple-ACC | father.ERG CAUS-eat | REL | INTRANS-I | fear

''I fear that my father is eating my apple.''

=== Topicalization ===
With the exception of the verb, which must be in the final position of a clause, phrases that are emphasized generally come first in a sentence.

'''Śikimi baúmaliku śuwiwaúśuwi''' (Neutral)

child-ACC bird.ERG DIM-bite

''The bird nipped the child''

-

'''Baúmaliku śikimi śuwiwaúśuwi''' (Emphasis on '''baúmaliku''')

bird.ERG child-ACC DIM-bite

''It was the bird that nipped the child''

Pangali

2019-09-12T06:44:06Z

Kóði: /* Syllable Structure */

[[Category:Languages]]
[[Category:Conlangs]]
[[Category:Artlangs]]
[[Category:A_priori]]
[[Category:Language_Isolate]]

{{Infobox language
|name = Pangali
|nativename = Ńipańariâ, Pańari
|pronunciation = [ŋi.ba.ŋa.ɹɨˈʔa], [pa.ŋaˈði]
|creator = [[User:Kóði|Sámuel Hiette Kannosíni]] 
|created = August 8th, 2019
|setting =
|fam1 = [[Language Isolate]]
|script = [[w:Latin script|Latin script]] (Romanization, academic)
|brcl = blue
}}

'''Pangali''' (English: /pɑŋˈgɑli/, /peɪŋˈgɑli/, or /pɛnˈgɑli/) is <s>a poorly made attempt at channeling the creator's artistic nature</s> a constructed language developed by Sámuel Hiette Kannosíni for the purposes of his own <s>gasket-blowing frustration</s> enjoyment and glee.
= Introduction =
<big><center> '''[WARNING - ACHTUNG - AVERTISSEMENT]''' </center></big>
This article is '''very much''' a WIP, examples being inconsistency in formatting/style and references to features not yet fleshed out, as well as some small mentionings of a dialect called Luâi. I '''''realize''''' this is the case, however as someone who has ADHD (primarily inattentive type for the curious informed) and is ''extremely'' busy, my ability to consistently and coherently update this article is abysmal at best.

Thanks for understanding, people who obviously care as much as I do! /s

=== Fictional Setting ===
The Pangali language is the language used by the Pangalu, or the Pangali people, an indigenous people of the Pangali island chain, which is located roughly five hundred and thirty kilometers due west of the Phillipines.
Until 2003 they were considered an uncontacted people, but on March 17th, 2003 an exploratory party onboard a rudimentary sailing vessel voyaged from the northern island of Baluwikaûnu towards the Phillipines. Enroute to their destination, however, they were intercepted by the Philippine Coast Guard some two hundred kilometers northeast of the coast of Tandag City and, controversially, detained for a period of 5 months and 23 days.

Official justification for the length of the detainment was given by the Phillipine Department of Foreign Affairs (DFA) soon after the party’s release, stating:

<blockquote>“Due to the immense language and cultural barrier, as well as concern for the potential spread of disease to the isolated people, and questions regarding their motivation for travel made difficult by the aforementioned barriers, quarantine and detainment procedures were deemed not only the most efficient course of action, but also the safest, for all parties involved.”</blockquote>

The following months gave rise to an increase of international attention surrounding the Pangali people and the continuing communication efforts between them and the Philippine Government. It was later announced by the Philippine DFA that the isolated tribe “no longer wishes to be isolated”, and thus were subsequently placed underneath an international spotlight.

Naturally with the indigenous people now slowly but surely increasing contact with the modern world, records of their culture and language are a must in order to maintain a positive relationship, and thus the purpose of this wiki is, succinctly summarized, to address the linguistic side of such matters.

=== Classification ===
The language is classified as an agglutinative language isolate with a tripartite morphosyntatic alignment that declines nouns under a 12 case system and conjugates verbs for person, tense, aspect, and mood. Adjectives are not inflected and have zero-grade derivation for adverbial phrases.
The primary word order is OSV, however due to nouns being heavily inflected other word orders are possible, with SOV being the most prominently encountered alternate order. Whereas in many languages adpositions are used to indicate different relations between phrases, Pangali typically makes use of existing cases or a variation of Suffixaufnahme (also known as case stacking), wherein different cases are combined to carry the function of an adpositional function not normally covered by the standard twelve.

= Phonology =
In spite of its status as a language isolate, the phonological system of Pangali isn't terribly special in comparison to its neighbors in the Philippines or Australia. A simple syllable structure, few (phonemic) vowels, a fair amount of consonants, and stable vowel quality make this language both interesting and soundly (''ha, pun!'') mundane all at the same time.
=== Phoneme Inventory ===
Pangali's consonant inventory weighs in at a respectable 21 phonemic consonants. A unique feature that may be noted is the presence of phonemic prenasalized stops.

The vowels, on the other hand, number only three in terms of phonemic units. As with many languages with small vowel inventories, what vowels that Pangali does have are subject to significant allophonic variation.
{| class="wikitable" style="margin-left:auto; margin-right: auto; border: none; text-align:center"
|+Pangali Consonant Inventory
|-
! colspan=2 |
! Labial
! Alveolar
! Palatal
! Velar
! Glottal
|-
! colspan=2|Nasal
| m {{angbr|m}}
| n {{angbr|n}}
|
| ŋ {{angbr|ń}}
|
|-
! rowspan=2 | Plosive
! Plain
| p {{angbr|p}}
| t {{angbr|t}}
|
| k {{angbr|k}}
| ʔ {{angbr|ˆ}}
|-
! Prenasalized
| ᵐp {{angbr|b}}
| ⁿt {{angbr|d}}
|
| ᵑk {{angbr|g}}
|
|-
! colspan=2|Fricative
|
|
|
|
| h {{angbr |h,hj}}
|-
! colspan=2|Approximant
|
| ɹ {{angbr|r}}
| j {{angbr|j}}
| w {{angbr|w}}
|
|-

{| class="wikitable" style="margin-left:auto; margin-right: auto; border: none; text-align:center"
|+Pangali Vowel Inventory
|-
! || Front || Back
|-
! Close
| i {{angbr |i}}
| u {{angbr |u}}
|-
! Open
| a {{angbr |a}}
|
|-
|}

=== Romanization ===
The Pangalu currently have no official writing system but offers to be taught the romanization used in the recorded lexicon produced by academics have been met with enthusiasim.

=== Allophonic Variation ===
==== Plosives ====
Comprising 12 different allophonic variations, Pangali's plosives are the most unstable aspect of the language's phonological inventory.
===== Sonorization =====
Standard Pangali: Plain voiceless plosives become voiced in intervocalic positions.

{| class="wikitable" style="float:center; border: none; text-align:center"
|-
!Shift
!Example
|-
!p → b / V_V
|/ʔu'''p'''a/ → [ʔuˈ'''b'''a]
|-
!t → d / V_V
|/huwu'''t'''uwi/ → [hu.wu.'''d'''uˈɣʷi]1
|-
!k → g / V_V
|/ⁿta'''k'''u/ → [ⁿtaˈ'''g'''u]
|-
|}

Notes:
*A minority of speakers only voice /p t k/ in unstressed syllables, primarily in the more southern islands.

===== Dissimilation =====

Word initially, /p t k/ spirantize to [f s x] when the following syllable shares the same onset. Under the same conditions intervocalically, /p t k/ instead affricate to [p͡f t͡s k͡x]:
{| class="wikitable" style="float:center; border: none; text-align:center"
|-
!Word Initial
!Example
!Intervocalic
!Example
|-
!p → f / _Vp
|/'''p'''apa/ → ['''f'''aˈba]
!p → p͡f / V_Vp
|/ᵐpi'''p'''apa/ → [ᵐpi.'''p͡f'''aˈba]
|-
!t → s / _Vt
|/'''t'''utiɹa/ → ['''s'''u.diˈða]
!t → t͡s / V_Vt
|/ᵐpi'''t'''utiɹa/ → [ᵐpi.'''t͡s'''u.diˈða]
|-
!k → x / _Vk
|/'''k'''uka/ → ['''x'''uˈga]
!k → k͡x / V_Vk
|/ᵐpi'''k'''uka/ → [ᵐpi.'''k͡x'''uˈga]
|-
|}

Notes:
*It is theorized that /p t k/ originally affricated in all positions but later spirantized word initially.
*For the speakers from the island of ''Batawutarjikuri'' affricates continue to occur both word intially and intervocalically.

==== Approximants ====
===== Fortition =====
/ɹ j w/ fortify to [ð̠ ʝ ɣʷ] when occurring in a stressed syllable:

{|class="wikitable" style="float:center; border: none; text-align:center"
! Shifts
! colspan=2 | Examples
|-
! rowspan=2 | ɹ → ð̠
|/pa'''ɹ'''a/ → [paˈ'''ð̠'''a]
|-
|/ki'''ɹ'''i/ → [kiˈ'''ð̠'''i]
|-
! rowspan=2 | j → ʝ
|/iɹata'''j'''u/ → [i.ɹa.daˈ'''ʝ'''u]
|-
|/ni'''j'''a/ → [niˈ'''ʝ'''a]
|-
! rowspan=2 | w → ɣʷ
|/i'''w'''i/ → [iˈ'''ɣʷ'''i]
|-
|/ku'''w'''a/ → [kuˈ'''ɣʷ'''a]
|-
|}

Notes:
*The most common realization of /ɹ/ is [ð̠], a voiced alveolar non-sibilant fricative, but some speakers may realize it as the sibilant counterpart [z] or even postalveolar [ʒ].
*Speakers who realize /ɹ/ as [ʒ] typically merge [ʒ] and [ʝ] to [ʒ].
*Technically, /w/ would be better transcribed as [ɣʷ~ɣ] due to notable free variation, however [ɣʷ] is more commonly encountered and thus the more common transcription.

==== Vowels ====

===== Centralization =====
Vowels preceding /ʔ/ are centralized. /a/ is both centralized and raised:

{| class="wikitable" style="float:center; border: none; text-align:center"
|-
!Shift
!Example
|-
!a → ɐ /_ʔ
|/h'''a'''ʔamu/ → [h'''ɐ'''.ʔaˈmu]2
|-
!u → ʉ /_ʔ
|/han'''u'''ʔa/ → [ha.n'''ʉ'''ˈʔa]2
|-
!i → ɨ /_ʔ
|/p'''i'''ʔa/ → [p'''ɨ'''ˈʔa]
|-
|}

Notes:
*Southern speakers do not raise /a/, but rather retract it to [ɑ]
*For many speakers, [ɨ] and [ʉ] may be in free variation with [ɪ] and [ʊ], respectively.

===== Lowering =====
/i/ and /u/ are lowered to [ɛ] and [ɔ], respectively, when preceding nasals and prenasalized consonants:

{| class="wikitable" style="float:center; border: none; text-align:center"
|-
!Shift
!colspan=2 | Examples
|-
!i → ɛ /_N
|/h'''i'''ⁿtu/ → [h'''ɛ'''ˈⁿtu] || /tat'''i'''nu/ → [sa.d'''ɛ'''ˈnu]
|-
!u → ɔ /_N
|/ʔ'''u'''ŋa/ → [ʔ'''ɔ'''ˈŋa] || /k'''u'''maki/ → [k'''ɔ'''.maˈgi]
|-
|}

=== Phonotactics ===

==== Syllable Structure ====
Pangali has a (C)V structure, where a syllable can only contain one vowel, which may or may not be preceded by a consonant. Word initial syllables may occur with either a null onset or with any single consonant except for /ɹ/ and /j/.

Word internal syllables may only occur with single consonant onsets, with the exception of /h/, which may only appear word initially. Codas are forbidden in any context, with all syllables being open.

==== Epenthesis ====
In instances where a word ending in a null coda (i.e. all words) is followed by a word beginning with a null onset, an epenthetic /ŋ/ is inserted to replace the null onset. This process is treated as if there is no word boundary, and thus the presence of the epenthetic nasal lowers the preceding vowel if it is high, while in other instances word boundaries would prevent this.
*/hatawu/ + /utunasa/ = [sa.daˈɣʷɔ ŋu.dɔ.naˈða]
**/hatawu/ + /ŋaᵐpinaɹa/ = [sa.daˈɣʷu ŋa.ᵐpi.naˈða]

==== Loanwords ====
Due to the nature of this syllable structure non-conforming loanwords are often heavily altered; although it should be noted that calques are extremely more common in favor of familiarity when possible.
Note the simplification of clusters to the second consonant in the example below:

*Helicopter: /ˈheliˌkɔptə(ɹ)/ → /hiɹikuta/

==== Stress ====
Lexical stress in Pangali falls on the final syllable of the root, and this remains true even if derivational suffixes apply.

= Numbers =
Filler text is text that shares some characteristics of a real written text, but is random or otherwise generated. It may be used to display a sample of fonts, generate text for testing, or to spoof an e-mail spam filter. The process of using filler text is sometimes called greeking, although the text itself may be nonsense, or largely Latin, as in Lorem ipsum.
= Nouns =
Filler text is text that shares some characteristics of a real written text, but is random or otherwise generated. It may be used to display a sample of fonts, generate text for testing, or to spoof an e-mail spam filter. The process of using filler text is sometimes called greeking, although the text itself may be nonsense, or largely Latin, as in Lorem ipsum.
= Verbs =
While other languages such as [http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanish_Language Spanish] follow a [http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tense-Aspect-Mood Tense-Aspect-Mood (TAM)] system, in which the three categories are largely conflated amongst conjugation paradigms, Pangali primarily expresses these categories in an agglutinative fashion. Where each category can cleanly be separated morpheme by morpheme.

The 6 categories that verbs in Pangali conjugate for are: Person, Tense, Aspect, Mood, and Evidentiality.

=== Person ===
Filler text is text that shares some characteristics of a real written text, but is random or otherwise generated. It may be used to display a sample of fonts, generate text for testing, or to spoof an e-mail spam filter. The process of using filler text is sometimes called greeking, although the text itself may be nonsense, or largely Latin, as in Lorem ipsum.
=== Tense ===
Filler text is text that shares some characteristics of a real written text, but is random or otherwise generated. It may be used to display a sample of fonts, generate text for testing, or to spoof an e-mail spam filter. The process of using filler text is sometimes called greeking, although the text itself may be nonsense, or largely Latin, as in Lorem ipsum.
==== Present Tense ====
Filler text is text that shares some characteristics of a real written text, but is random or otherwise generated. It may be used to display a sample of fonts, generate text for testing, or to spoof an e-mail spam filter. The process of using filler text is sometimes called greeking, although the text itself may be nonsense, or largely Latin, as in Lorem ipsum.

==== Past Tense ====
Filler text is text that shares some characteristics of a real written text, but is random or otherwise generated. It may be used to display a sample of fonts, generate text for testing, or to spoof an e-mail spam filter. The process of using filler text is sometimes called greeking, although the text itself may be nonsense, or largely Latin, as in Lorem ipsum.

=== Aspect ===
Filler text is text that shares some characteristics of a real written text, but is random or otherwise generated. It may be used to display a sample of fonts, generate text for testing, or to spoof an e-mail spam filter. The process of using filler text is sometimes called greeking, although the text itself may be nonsense, or largely Latin, as in Lorem ipsum.
==== Episodic ====

===== Gnomic =====
===== Habitual =====

==== Stative ====

===== Inchoative =====
===== Cessative =====
===== Progressive =====
===== Continuous =====
===== Discontinuous =====

==== Relative ====

===== Retrospective =====

===== Prospective =====

=== Mood ===

=== Evidentiality ===

= Derivational Morphology =
Filler text is text that shares some characteristics of a real written text, but is random or otherwise generated. It may be used to display a sample of fonts, generate text for testing, or to spoof an e-mail spam filter. The process of using filler text is sometimes called greeking, although the text itself may be nonsense, or largely Latin, as in Lorem ipsum.
= Syntax =

=== Parameter Order ===
Pangali, in line with its use of case marking, allows its speakers to vary their choice of word order. That being said, the default and most neutral order is OSV (Object-Subject-Verb):

[ⁿtɛ.mɔˈmi|wa.ᵐpuˈɟi|ka.ɹu.wi.ɹi.ɡaˈvi]

animal-ACC | father.ERG | CAUS-eat

''The father is feeding the animal''

[ŋa.k͡xu.ɡɔ.maˈmi|wa.ᵐpuˈɟi|i.ɹi.ɡaˈvi|hu|u.na.ŋaˈɡʷu|na.mu.wɛ.naˈvi]

1P.GEN-apple-ACC | father.ERG CAUS-eat | REL | INTRANS-I | fear

''I fear that my father is eating my apple.''

=== Topicalization ===
With the exception of the verb, which must be in the final position of a clause, phrases that are emphasized generally come first in a sentence.

'''Śikimi baúmaliku śuwiwaúśuwi''' (Neutral)

child-ACC bird.ERG DIM-bite

''The bird nipped the child''

-

'''Baúmaliku śikimi śuwiwaúśuwi''' (Emphasis on '''baúmaliku''')

bird.ERG child-ACC DIM-bite

''It was the bird that nipped the child''

Pangali

2019-09-12T06:42:45Z

Kóði: /* Vowels */

[[Category:Languages]]
[[Category:Conlangs]]
[[Category:Artlangs]]
[[Category:A_priori]]
[[Category:Language_Isolate]]

{{Infobox language
|name = Pangali
|nativename = Ńipańariâ, Pańari
|pronunciation = [ŋi.ba.ŋa.ɹɨˈʔa], [pa.ŋaˈði]
|creator = [[User:Kóði|Sámuel Hiette Kannosíni]] 
|created = August 8th, 2019
|setting =
|fam1 = [[Language Isolate]]
|script = [[w:Latin script|Latin script]] (Romanization, academic)
|brcl = blue
}}

'''Pangali''' (English: /pɑŋˈgɑli/, /peɪŋˈgɑli/, or /pɛnˈgɑli/) is <s>a poorly made attempt at channeling the creator's artistic nature</s> a constructed language developed by Sámuel Hiette Kannosíni for the purposes of his own <s>gasket-blowing frustration</s> enjoyment and glee.
= Introduction =
<big><center> '''[WARNING - ACHTUNG - AVERTISSEMENT]''' </center></big>
This article is '''very much''' a WIP, examples being inconsistency in formatting/style and references to features not yet fleshed out, as well as some small mentionings of a dialect called Luâi. I '''''realize''''' this is the case, however as someone who has ADHD (primarily inattentive type for the curious informed) and is ''extremely'' busy, my ability to consistently and coherently update this article is abysmal at best.

Thanks for understanding, people who obviously care as much as I do! /s

=== Fictional Setting ===
The Pangali language is the language used by the Pangalu, or the Pangali people, an indigenous people of the Pangali island chain, which is located roughly five hundred and thirty kilometers due west of the Phillipines.
Until 2003 they were considered an uncontacted people, but on March 17th, 2003 an exploratory party onboard a rudimentary sailing vessel voyaged from the northern island of Baluwikaûnu towards the Phillipines. Enroute to their destination, however, they were intercepted by the Philippine Coast Guard some two hundred kilometers northeast of the coast of Tandag City and, controversially, detained for a period of 5 months and 23 days.

Official justification for the length of the detainment was given by the Phillipine Department of Foreign Affairs (DFA) soon after the party’s release, stating:

<blockquote>“Due to the immense language and cultural barrier, as well as concern for the potential spread of disease to the isolated people, and questions regarding their motivation for travel made difficult by the aforementioned barriers, quarantine and detainment procedures were deemed not only the most efficient course of action, but also the safest, for all parties involved.”</blockquote>

The following months gave rise to an increase of international attention surrounding the Pangali people and the continuing communication efforts between them and the Philippine Government. It was later announced by the Philippine DFA that the isolated tribe “no longer wishes to be isolated”, and thus were subsequently placed underneath an international spotlight.

Naturally with the indigenous people now slowly but surely increasing contact with the modern world, records of their culture and language are a must in order to maintain a positive relationship, and thus the purpose of this wiki is, succinctly summarized, to address the linguistic side of such matters.

=== Classification ===
The language is classified as an agglutinative language isolate with a tripartite morphosyntatic alignment that declines nouns under a 12 case system and conjugates verbs for person, tense, aspect, and mood. Adjectives are not inflected and have zero-grade derivation for adverbial phrases.
The primary word order is OSV, however due to nouns being heavily inflected other word orders are possible, with SOV being the most prominently encountered alternate order. Whereas in many languages adpositions are used to indicate different relations between phrases, Pangali typically makes use of existing cases or a variation of Suffixaufnahme (also known as case stacking), wherein different cases are combined to carry the function of an adpositional function not normally covered by the standard twelve.

= Phonology =
In spite of its status as a language isolate, the phonological system of Pangali isn't terribly special in comparison to its neighbors in the Philippines or Australia. A simple syllable structure, few (phonemic) vowels, a fair amount of consonants, and stable vowel quality make this language both interesting and soundly (''ha, pun!'') mundane all at the same time.
=== Phoneme Inventory ===
Pangali's consonant inventory weighs in at a respectable 21 phonemic consonants. A unique feature that may be noted is the presence of phonemic prenasalized stops.

The vowels, on the other hand, number only three in terms of phonemic units. As with many languages with small vowel inventories, what vowels that Pangali does have are subject to significant allophonic variation.
{| class="wikitable" style="margin-left:auto; margin-right: auto; border: none; text-align:center"
|+Pangali Consonant Inventory
|-
! colspan=2 |
! Labial
! Alveolar
! Palatal
! Velar
! Glottal
|-
! colspan=2|Nasal
| m {{angbr|m}}
| n {{angbr|n}}
|
| ŋ {{angbr|ń}}
|
|-
! rowspan=2 | Plosive
! Plain
| p {{angbr|p}}
| t {{angbr|t}}
|
| k {{angbr|k}}
| ʔ {{angbr|ˆ}}
|-
! Prenasalized
| ᵐp {{angbr|b}}
| ⁿt {{angbr|d}}
|
| ᵑk {{angbr|g}}
|
|-
! colspan=2|Fricative
|
|
|
|
| h {{angbr |h,hj}}
|-
! colspan=2|Approximant
|
| ɹ {{angbr|r}}
| j {{angbr|j}}
| w {{angbr|w}}
|
|-

{| class="wikitable" style="margin-left:auto; margin-right: auto; border: none; text-align:center"
|+Pangali Vowel Inventory
|-
! || Front || Back
|-
! Close
| i {{angbr |i}}
| u {{angbr |u}}
|-
! Open
| a {{angbr |a}}
|
|-
|}

=== Romanization ===
The Pangalu currently have no official writing system but offers to be taught the romanization used in the recorded lexicon produced by academics have been met with enthusiasim.

=== Allophonic Variation ===
==== Plosives ====
Comprising 12 different allophonic variations, Pangali's plosives are the most unstable aspect of the language's phonological inventory.
===== Sonorization =====
Standard Pangali: Plain voiceless plosives become voiced in intervocalic positions.

{| class="wikitable" style="float:center; border: none; text-align:center"
|-
!Shift
!Example
|-
!p → b / V_V
|/ʔu'''p'''a/ → [ʔuˈ'''b'''a]
|-
!t → d / V_V
|/huwu'''t'''uwi/ → [hu.wu.'''d'''uˈɣʷi]1
|-
!k → g / V_V
|/ⁿta'''k'''u/ → [ⁿtaˈ'''g'''u]
|-
|}

Notes:
*A minority of speakers only voice /p t k/ in unstressed syllables, primarily in the more southern islands.

===== Dissimilation =====

Word initially, /p t k/ spirantize to [f s x] when the following syllable shares the same onset. Under the same conditions intervocalically, /p t k/ instead affricate to [p͡f t͡s k͡x]:
{| class="wikitable" style="float:center; border: none; text-align:center"
|-
!Word Initial
!Example
!Intervocalic
!Example
|-
!p → f / _Vp
|/'''p'''apa/ → ['''f'''aˈba]
!p → p͡f / V_Vp
|/ᵐpi'''p'''apa/ → [ᵐpi.'''p͡f'''aˈba]
|-
!t → s / _Vt
|/'''t'''utiɹa/ → ['''s'''u.diˈða]
!t → t͡s / V_Vt
|/ᵐpi'''t'''utiɹa/ → [ᵐpi.'''t͡s'''u.diˈða]
|-
!k → x / _Vk
|/'''k'''uka/ → ['''x'''uˈga]
!k → k͡x / V_Vk
|/ᵐpi'''k'''uka/ → [ᵐpi.'''k͡x'''uˈga]
|-
|}

Notes:
*It is theorized that /p t k/ originally affricated in all positions but later spirantized word initially.
*For the speakers from the island of ''Batawutarjikuri'' affricates continue to occur both word intially and intervocalically.

==== Approximants ====
===== Fortition =====
/ɹ j w/ fortify to [ð̠ ʝ ɣʷ] when occurring in a stressed syllable:

{|class="wikitable" style="float:center; border: none; text-align:center"
! Shifts
! colspan=2 | Examples
|-
! rowspan=2 | ɹ → ð̠
|/pa'''ɹ'''a/ → [paˈ'''ð̠'''a]
|-
|/ki'''ɹ'''i/ → [kiˈ'''ð̠'''i]
|-
! rowspan=2 | j → ʝ
|/iɹata'''j'''u/ → [i.ɹa.daˈ'''ʝ'''u]
|-
|/ni'''j'''a/ → [niˈ'''ʝ'''a]
|-
! rowspan=2 | w → ɣʷ
|/i'''w'''i/ → [iˈ'''ɣʷ'''i]
|-
|/ku'''w'''a/ → [kuˈ'''ɣʷ'''a]
|-
|}

Notes:
*The most common realization of /ɹ/ is [ð̠], a voiced alveolar non-sibilant fricative, but some speakers may realize it as the sibilant counterpart [z] or even postalveolar [ʒ].
*Speakers who realize /ɹ/ as [ʒ] typically merge [ʒ] and [ʝ] to [ʒ].
*Technically, /w/ would be better transcribed as [ɣʷ~ɣ] due to notable free variation, however [ɣʷ] is more commonly encountered and thus the more common transcription.

==== Vowels ====

===== Centralization =====
Vowels preceding /ʔ/ are centralized. /a/ is both centralized and raised:

{| class="wikitable" style="float:center; border: none; text-align:center"
|-
!Shift
!Example
|-
!a → ɐ /_ʔ
|/h'''a'''ʔamu/ → [h'''ɐ'''.ʔaˈmu]2
|-
!u → ʉ /_ʔ
|/han'''u'''ʔa/ → [ha.n'''ʉ'''ˈʔa]2
|-
!i → ɨ /_ʔ
|/p'''i'''ʔa/ → [p'''ɨ'''ˈʔa]
|-
|}

Notes:
*Southern speakers do not raise /a/, but rather retract it to [ɑ]
*For many speakers, [ɨ] and [ʉ] may be in free variation with [ɪ] and [ʊ], respectively.

===== Lowering =====
/i/ and /u/ are lowered to [ɛ] and [ɔ], respectively, when preceding nasals and prenasalized consonants:

{| class="wikitable" style="float:center; border: none; text-align:center"
|-
!Shift
!colspan=2 | Examples
|-
!i → ɛ /_N
|/h'''i'''ⁿtu/ → [h'''ɛ'''ˈⁿtu] || /tat'''i'''nu/ → [sa.d'''ɛ'''ˈnu]
|-
!u → ɔ /_N
|/ʔ'''u'''ŋa/ → [ʔ'''ɔ'''ˈŋa] || /k'''u'''maki/ → [k'''ɔ'''.maˈgi]
|-
|}

=== Phonotactics ===

==== Syllable Structure ====
Pangali has a (C)V structure, where a syllable can only contain one vowel, which may or may not be preceded by a consonant. Word initial syllables may occur with either a null onset or with any single consonant except for /ɹ/ and /j/, while word internal syllables may only occur with single consonant onsets, with the exception of /h/, which may only appear word initially. Codas are forbidden in any context, with all syllables being open.

==== Epenthesis ====
In instances where a word ending in a null coda (i.e. all words) is followed by a word beginning with a null onset, an epenthetic /ŋ/ is inserted to replace the null onset. This process is treated as if there is no word boundary, and thus the presence of the epenthetic nasal lowers the preceding vowel if it is high, while in other instances word boundaries would prevent this.
*/hatawu/ + /utunasa/ = [sa.daˈɣʷɔ ŋu.dɔ.naˈða]
**/hatawu/ + /ŋaᵐpinaɹa/ = [sa.daˈɣʷu ŋa.ᵐpi.naˈða]

==== Loanwords ====
Due to the nature of this syllable structure non-conforming loanwords are often heavily altered; although it should be noted that calques are extremely more common in favor of familiarity when possible.
Note the simplification of clusters to the second consonant in the example below:

*Helicopter: /ˈheliˌkɔptə(ɹ)/ → /hiɹikuta/

==== Stress ====
Lexical stress in Pangali falls on the final syllable of the root, and this remains true even if derivational suffixes apply.

= Numbers =
Filler text is text that shares some characteristics of a real written text, but is random or otherwise generated. It may be used to display a sample of fonts, generate text for testing, or to spoof an e-mail spam filter. The process of using filler text is sometimes called greeking, although the text itself may be nonsense, or largely Latin, as in Lorem ipsum.
= Nouns =
Filler text is text that shares some characteristics of a real written text, but is random or otherwise generated. It may be used to display a sample of fonts, generate text for testing, or to spoof an e-mail spam filter. The process of using filler text is sometimes called greeking, although the text itself may be nonsense, or largely Latin, as in Lorem ipsum.
= Verbs =
While other languages such as [http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanish_Language Spanish] follow a [http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tense-Aspect-Mood Tense-Aspect-Mood (TAM)] system, in which the three categories are largely conflated amongst conjugation paradigms, Pangali primarily expresses these categories in an agglutinative fashion. Where each category can cleanly be separated morpheme by morpheme.

The 6 categories that verbs in Pangali conjugate for are: Person, Tense, Aspect, Mood, and Evidentiality.

=== Person ===
Filler text is text that shares some characteristics of a real written text, but is random or otherwise generated. It may be used to display a sample of fonts, generate text for testing, or to spoof an e-mail spam filter. The process of using filler text is sometimes called greeking, although the text itself may be nonsense, or largely Latin, as in Lorem ipsum.
=== Tense ===
Filler text is text that shares some characteristics of a real written text, but is random or otherwise generated. It may be used to display a sample of fonts, generate text for testing, or to spoof an e-mail spam filter. The process of using filler text is sometimes called greeking, although the text itself may be nonsense, or largely Latin, as in Lorem ipsum.
==== Present Tense ====
Filler text is text that shares some characteristics of a real written text, but is random or otherwise generated. It may be used to display a sample of fonts, generate text for testing, or to spoof an e-mail spam filter. The process of using filler text is sometimes called greeking, although the text itself may be nonsense, or largely Latin, as in Lorem ipsum.

==== Past Tense ====
Filler text is text that shares some characteristics of a real written text, but is random or otherwise generated. It may be used to display a sample of fonts, generate text for testing, or to spoof an e-mail spam filter. The process of using filler text is sometimes called greeking, although the text itself may be nonsense, or largely Latin, as in Lorem ipsum.

=== Aspect ===
Filler text is text that shares some characteristics of a real written text, but is random or otherwise generated. It may be used to display a sample of fonts, generate text for testing, or to spoof an e-mail spam filter. The process of using filler text is sometimes called greeking, although the text itself may be nonsense, or largely Latin, as in Lorem ipsum.
==== Episodic ====

===== Gnomic =====
===== Habitual =====

==== Stative ====

===== Inchoative =====
===== Cessative =====
===== Progressive =====
===== Continuous =====
===== Discontinuous =====

==== Relative ====

===== Retrospective =====

===== Prospective =====

=== Mood ===

=== Evidentiality ===

= Derivational Morphology =
Filler text is text that shares some characteristics of a real written text, but is random or otherwise generated. It may be used to display a sample of fonts, generate text for testing, or to spoof an e-mail spam filter. The process of using filler text is sometimes called greeking, although the text itself may be nonsense, or largely Latin, as in Lorem ipsum.
= Syntax =

=== Parameter Order ===
Pangali, in line with its use of case marking, allows its speakers to vary their choice of word order. That being said, the default and most neutral order is OSV (Object-Subject-Verb):

[ⁿtɛ.mɔˈmi|wa.ᵐpuˈɟi|ka.ɹu.wi.ɹi.ɡaˈvi]

animal-ACC | father.ERG | CAUS-eat

''The father is feeding the animal''

[ŋa.k͡xu.ɡɔ.maˈmi|wa.ᵐpuˈɟi|i.ɹi.ɡaˈvi|hu|u.na.ŋaˈɡʷu|na.mu.wɛ.naˈvi]

1P.GEN-apple-ACC | father.ERG CAUS-eat | REL | INTRANS-I | fear

''I fear that my father is eating my apple.''

=== Topicalization ===
With the exception of the verb, which must be in the final position of a clause, phrases that are emphasized generally come first in a sentence.

'''Śikimi baúmaliku śuwiwaúśuwi''' (Neutral)

child-ACC bird.ERG DIM-bite

''The bird nipped the child''

-

'''Baúmaliku śikimi śuwiwaúśuwi''' (Emphasis on '''baúmaliku''')

bird.ERG child-ACC DIM-bite

''It was the bird that nipped the child''

Pangali

2019-09-12T06:34:22Z

Kóði: /* Allophonic Variation */

[[Category:Languages]]
[[Category:Conlangs]]
[[Category:Artlangs]]
[[Category:A_priori]]
[[Category:Language_Isolate]]

{{Infobox language
|name = Pangali
|nativename = Ńipańariâ, Pańari
|pronunciation = [ŋi.ba.ŋa.ɹɨˈʔa], [pa.ŋaˈði]
|creator = [[User:Kóði|Sámuel Hiette Kannosíni]] 
|created = August 8th, 2019
|setting =
|fam1 = [[Language Isolate]]
|script = [[w:Latin script|Latin script]] (Romanization, academic)
|brcl = blue
}}

'''Pangali''' (English: /pɑŋˈgɑli/, /peɪŋˈgɑli/, or /pɛnˈgɑli/) is <s>a poorly made attempt at channeling the creator's artistic nature</s> a constructed language developed by Sámuel Hiette Kannosíni for the purposes of his own <s>gasket-blowing frustration</s> enjoyment and glee.
= Introduction =
<big><center> '''[WARNING - ACHTUNG - AVERTISSEMENT]''' </center></big>
This article is '''very much''' a WIP, examples being inconsistency in formatting/style and references to features not yet fleshed out, as well as some small mentionings of a dialect called Luâi. I '''''realize''''' this is the case, however as someone who has ADHD (primarily inattentive type for the curious informed) and is ''extremely'' busy, my ability to consistently and coherently update this article is abysmal at best.

Thanks for understanding, people who obviously care as much as I do! /s

=== Fictional Setting ===
The Pangali language is the language used by the Pangalu, or the Pangali people, an indigenous people of the Pangali island chain, which is located roughly five hundred and thirty kilometers due west of the Phillipines.
Until 2003 they were considered an uncontacted people, but on March 17th, 2003 an exploratory party onboard a rudimentary sailing vessel voyaged from the northern island of Baluwikaûnu towards the Phillipines. Enroute to their destination, however, they were intercepted by the Philippine Coast Guard some two hundred kilometers northeast of the coast of Tandag City and, controversially, detained for a period of 5 months and 23 days.

Official justification for the length of the detainment was given by the Phillipine Department of Foreign Affairs (DFA) soon after the party’s release, stating:

<blockquote>“Due to the immense language and cultural barrier, as well as concern for the potential spread of disease to the isolated people, and questions regarding their motivation for travel made difficult by the aforementioned barriers, quarantine and detainment procedures were deemed not only the most efficient course of action, but also the safest, for all parties involved.”</blockquote>

The following months gave rise to an increase of international attention surrounding the Pangali people and the continuing communication efforts between them and the Philippine Government. It was later announced by the Philippine DFA that the isolated tribe “no longer wishes to be isolated”, and thus were subsequently placed underneath an international spotlight.

Naturally with the indigenous people now slowly but surely increasing contact with the modern world, records of their culture and language are a must in order to maintain a positive relationship, and thus the purpose of this wiki is, succinctly summarized, to address the linguistic side of such matters.

=== Classification ===
The language is classified as an agglutinative language isolate with a tripartite morphosyntatic alignment that declines nouns under a 12 case system and conjugates verbs for person, tense, aspect, and mood. Adjectives are not inflected and have zero-grade derivation for adverbial phrases.
The primary word order is OSV, however due to nouns being heavily inflected other word orders are possible, with SOV being the most prominently encountered alternate order. Whereas in many languages adpositions are used to indicate different relations between phrases, Pangali typically makes use of existing cases or a variation of Suffixaufnahme (also known as case stacking), wherein different cases are combined to carry the function of an adpositional function not normally covered by the standard twelve.

= Phonology =
In spite of its status as a language isolate, the phonological system of Pangali isn't terribly special in comparison to its neighbors in the Philippines or Australia. A simple syllable structure, few (phonemic) vowels, a fair amount of consonants, and stable vowel quality make this language both interesting and soundly (''ha, pun!'') mundane all at the same time.
=== Phoneme Inventory ===
Pangali's consonant inventory weighs in at a respectable 21 phonemic consonants. A unique feature that may be noted is the presence of phonemic prenasalized stops.

The vowels, on the other hand, number only three in terms of phonemic units. As with many languages with small vowel inventories, what vowels that Pangali does have are subject to significant allophonic variation.
{| class="wikitable" style="margin-left:auto; margin-right: auto; border: none; text-align:center"
|+Pangali Consonant Inventory
|-
! colspan=2 |
! Labial
! Alveolar
! Palatal
! Velar
! Glottal
|-
! colspan=2|Nasal
| m {{angbr|m}}
| n {{angbr|n}}
|
| ŋ {{angbr|ń}}
|
|-
! rowspan=2 | Plosive
! Plain
| p {{angbr|p}}
| t {{angbr|t}}
|
| k {{angbr|k}}
| ʔ {{angbr|ˆ}}
|-
! Prenasalized
| ᵐp {{angbr|b}}
| ⁿt {{angbr|d}}
|
| ᵑk {{angbr|g}}
|
|-
! colspan=2|Fricative
|
|
|
|
| h {{angbr |h,hj}}
|-
! colspan=2|Approximant
|
| ɹ {{angbr|r}}
| j {{angbr|j}}
| w {{angbr|w}}
|
|-

{| class="wikitable" style="margin-left:auto; margin-right: auto; border: none; text-align:center"
|+Pangali Vowel Inventory
|-
! || Front || Back
|-
! Close
| i {{angbr |i}}
| u {{angbr |u}}
|-
! Open
| a {{angbr |a}}
|
|-
|}

=== Romanization ===
The Pangalu currently have no official writing system but offers to be taught the romanization used in the recorded lexicon produced by academics have been met with enthusiasim.

=== Allophonic Variation ===
==== Plosives ====
Comprising 12 different allophonic variations, Pangali's plosives are the most unstable aspect of the language's phonological inventory.
===== Sonorization =====
Standard Pangali: Plain voiceless plosives become voiced in intervocalic positions.

{| class="wikitable" style="float:center; border: none; text-align:center"
|-
!Shift
!Example
|-
!p → b / V_V
|/ʔu'''p'''a/ → [ʔuˈ'''b'''a]
|-
!t → d / V_V
|/huwu'''t'''uwi/ → [hu.wu.'''d'''uˈɣʷi]1
|-
!k → g / V_V
|/ⁿta'''k'''u/ → [ⁿtaˈ'''g'''u]
|-
|}

Notes:
*A minority of speakers only voice /p t k/ in unstressed syllables, primarily in the more southern islands.

===== Dissimilation =====

Word initially, /p t k/ spirantize to [f s x] when the following syllable shares the same onset. Under the same conditions intervocalically, /p t k/ instead affricate to [p͡f t͡s k͡x]:
{| class="wikitable" style="float:center; border: none; text-align:center"
|-
!Word Initial
!Example
!Intervocalic
!Example
|-
!p → f / _Vp
|/'''p'''apa/ → ['''f'''aˈba]
!p → p͡f / V_Vp
|/ᵐpi'''p'''apa/ → [ᵐpi.'''p͡f'''aˈba]
|-
!t → s / _Vt
|/'''t'''utiɹa/ → ['''s'''u.diˈða]
!t → t͡s / V_Vt
|/ᵐpi'''t'''utiɹa/ → [ᵐpi.'''t͡s'''u.diˈða]
|-
!k → x / _Vk
|/'''k'''uka/ → ['''x'''uˈga]
!k → k͡x / V_Vk
|/ᵐpi'''k'''uka/ → [ᵐpi.'''k͡x'''uˈga]
|-
|}

Notes:
*It is theorized that /p t k/ originally affricated in all positions but later spirantized word initially.
*For the speakers from the island of ''Batawutarjikuri'' affricates continue to occur both word intially and intervocalically.

==== Approximants ====
===== Fortition =====
/ɹ j w/ fortify to [ð̠ ʝ ɣʷ] when occurring in a stressed syllable:

{|class="wikitable" style="float:center; border: none; text-align:center"
! Shifts
! colspan=2 | Examples
|-
! rowspan=2 | ɹ → ð̠
|/pa'''ɹ'''a/ → [paˈ'''ð̠'''a]
|-
|/ki'''ɹ'''i/ → [kiˈ'''ð̠'''i]
|-
! rowspan=2 | j → ʝ
|/iɹata'''j'''u/ → [i.ɹa.daˈ'''ʝ'''u]
|-
|/ni'''j'''a/ → [niˈ'''ʝ'''a]
|-
! rowspan=2 | w → ɣʷ
|/i'''w'''i/ → [iˈ'''ɣʷ'''i]
|-
|/ku'''w'''a/ → [kuˈ'''ɣʷ'''a]
|-
|}

Notes:
*The most common realization of /ɹ/ is [ð̠], a voiced alveolar non-sibilant fricative, but some speakers may realize it as the sibilant counterpart [z] or even postalveolar [ʒ].
*Speakers who realize /ɹ/ as [ʒ] typically merge [ʒ] and [ʝ] to [ʒ].
*Technically, /w/ would be better transcribed as [ɣʷ~ɣ] due to notable free variation, however [ɣʷ] is more commonly encountered and thus the more common transcription.

==== Vowels ====

===== Centralization =====
Vowels preceding /ʔ/ are centralized. /a/ is both centralized and raised:

{| class="wikitable" style="float:center; border: none; text-align:center"
|-
!Shift
!Example
|-
!a → ɐ /_ʔ
|/h'''a'''ʔamu/ → [h'''ɐ'''.ʔaˈmu]2
|-
!u → ʉ /_ʔ
|/han'''u'''ʔa/ → [ha.n'''ʉ'''ˈʔa]2
|-
!i → ɨ /_ʔ
|/p'''i'''ʔa/ → [p'''ɨ'''ˈʔa]
|-
|}

Notes:
*Southern speakers do not raise /a/, but rather retract it to /ɑ/.
*For many speakers, [ɨ] and [ʉ] may be in free variation with [ɪ] and [ʊ], respectively.

===== Lowering =====
/i/ and /u/ are lowered to [ɛ] and [ɔ], respectively, when preceding nasals and prenasalized consonants:

{| class="wikitable" style="float:center; border: none; text-align:center"
|-
!Shift
!colspan=2 | Examples
|-
!i → ɛ /_N
|/h'''i'''ⁿtu/ → [h'''ɛ'''ˈⁿtu] || /tat'''i'''nu/ → [sa.d'''ɛ'''ˈnu]
|-
!u → ɔ /_N
|/ʔ'''u'''ŋa/ → [ʔ'''ɔ'''ˈŋa] || /k'''u'''maki/ → [k'''ɔ'''.maˈgi]
|-
|}

=== Phonotactics ===

==== Syllable Structure ====
Pangali has a (C)V structure, where a syllable can only contain one vowel, which may or may not be preceded by a consonant. Word initial syllables may occur with either a null onset or with any single consonant except for /ɹ/ and /j/, while word internal syllables may only occur with single consonant onsets, with the exception of /h/, which may only appear word initially. Codas are forbidden in any context, with all syllables being open.

==== Epenthesis ====
In instances where a word ending in a null coda (i.e. all words) is followed by a word beginning with a null onset, an epenthetic /ŋ/ is inserted to replace the null onset. This process is treated as if there is no word boundary, and thus the presence of the epenthetic nasal lowers the preceding vowel if it is high, while in other instances word boundaries would prevent this.
*/hatawu/ + /utunasa/ = [sa.daˈɣʷɔ ŋu.dɔ.naˈða]
**/hatawu/ + /ŋaᵐpinaɹa/ = [sa.daˈɣʷu ŋa.ᵐpi.naˈða]

==== Loanwords ====
Due to the nature of this syllable structure non-conforming loanwords are often heavily altered; although it should be noted that calques are extremely more common in favor of familiarity when possible.
Note the simplification of clusters to the second consonant in the example below:

*Helicopter: /ˈheliˌkɔptə(ɹ)/ → /hiɹikuta/

==== Stress ====
Lexical stress in Pangali falls on the final syllable of the root, and this remains true even if derivational suffixes apply.

= Numbers =
Filler text is text that shares some characteristics of a real written text, but is random or otherwise generated. It may be used to display a sample of fonts, generate text for testing, or to spoof an e-mail spam filter. The process of using filler text is sometimes called greeking, although the text itself may be nonsense, or largely Latin, as in Lorem ipsum.
= Nouns =
Filler text is text that shares some characteristics of a real written text, but is random or otherwise generated. It may be used to display a sample of fonts, generate text for testing, or to spoof an e-mail spam filter. The process of using filler text is sometimes called greeking, although the text itself may be nonsense, or largely Latin, as in Lorem ipsum.
= Verbs =
While other languages such as [http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanish_Language Spanish] follow a [http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tense-Aspect-Mood Tense-Aspect-Mood (TAM)] system, in which the three categories are largely conflated amongst conjugation paradigms, Pangali primarily expresses these categories in an agglutinative fashion. Where each category can cleanly be separated morpheme by morpheme.

The 6 categories that verbs in Pangali conjugate for are: Person, Tense, Aspect, Mood, and Evidentiality.

=== Person ===
Filler text is text that shares some characteristics of a real written text, but is random or otherwise generated. It may be used to display a sample of fonts, generate text for testing, or to spoof an e-mail spam filter. The process of using filler text is sometimes called greeking, although the text itself may be nonsense, or largely Latin, as in Lorem ipsum.
=== Tense ===
Filler text is text that shares some characteristics of a real written text, but is random or otherwise generated. It may be used to display a sample of fonts, generate text for testing, or to spoof an e-mail spam filter. The process of using filler text is sometimes called greeking, although the text itself may be nonsense, or largely Latin, as in Lorem ipsum.
==== Present Tense ====
Filler text is text that shares some characteristics of a real written text, but is random or otherwise generated. It may be used to display a sample of fonts, generate text for testing, or to spoof an e-mail spam filter. The process of using filler text is sometimes called greeking, although the text itself may be nonsense, or largely Latin, as in Lorem ipsum.

==== Past Tense ====
Filler text is text that shares some characteristics of a real written text, but is random or otherwise generated. It may be used to display a sample of fonts, generate text for testing, or to spoof an e-mail spam filter. The process of using filler text is sometimes called greeking, although the text itself may be nonsense, or largely Latin, as in Lorem ipsum.

=== Aspect ===
Filler text is text that shares some characteristics of a real written text, but is random or otherwise generated. It may be used to display a sample of fonts, generate text for testing, or to spoof an e-mail spam filter. The process of using filler text is sometimes called greeking, although the text itself may be nonsense, or largely Latin, as in Lorem ipsum.
==== Episodic ====

===== Gnomic =====
===== Habitual =====

==== Stative ====

===== Inchoative =====
===== Cessative =====
===== Progressive =====
===== Continuous =====
===== Discontinuous =====

==== Relative ====

===== Retrospective =====

===== Prospective =====

=== Mood ===

=== Evidentiality ===

= Derivational Morphology =
Filler text is text that shares some characteristics of a real written text, but is random or otherwise generated. It may be used to display a sample of fonts, generate text for testing, or to spoof an e-mail spam filter. The process of using filler text is sometimes called greeking, although the text itself may be nonsense, or largely Latin, as in Lorem ipsum.
= Syntax =

=== Parameter Order ===
Pangali, in line with its use of case marking, allows its speakers to vary their choice of word order. That being said, the default and most neutral order is OSV (Object-Subject-Verb):

[ⁿtɛ.mɔˈmi|wa.ᵐpuˈɟi|ka.ɹu.wi.ɹi.ɡaˈvi]

animal-ACC | father.ERG | CAUS-eat

''The father is feeding the animal''

[ŋa.k͡xu.ɡɔ.maˈmi|wa.ᵐpuˈɟi|i.ɹi.ɡaˈvi|hu|u.na.ŋaˈɡʷu|na.mu.wɛ.naˈvi]

1P.GEN-apple-ACC | father.ERG CAUS-eat | REL | INTRANS-I | fear

''I fear that my father is eating my apple.''

=== Topicalization ===
With the exception of the verb, which must be in the final position of a clause, phrases that are emphasized generally come first in a sentence.

'''Śikimi baúmaliku śuwiwaúśuwi''' (Neutral)

child-ACC bird.ERG DIM-bite

''The bird nipped the child''

-

'''Baúmaliku śikimi śuwiwaúśuwi''' (Emphasis on '''baúmaliku''')

bird.ERG child-ACC DIM-bite

''It was the bird that nipped the child''

Pangali

2019-09-12T06:10:03Z

Kóði: /* Fortition */

[[Category:Languages]]
[[Category:Conlangs]]
[[Category:Artlangs]]
[[Category:A_priori]]
[[Category:Language_Isolate]]

{{Infobox language
|name = Pangali
|nativename = Ńipańariâ, Pańari
|pronunciation = [ŋi.ba.ŋa.ɹɨˈʔa], [pa.ŋaˈði]
|creator = [[User:Kóði|Sámuel Hiette Kannosíni]] 
|created = August 8th, 2019
|setting =
|fam1 = [[Language Isolate]]
|script = [[w:Latin script|Latin script]] (Romanization, academic)
|brcl = blue
}}

'''Pangali''' (English: /pɑŋˈgɑli/, /peɪŋˈgɑli/, or /pɛnˈgɑli/) is <s>a poorly made attempt at channeling the creator's artistic nature</s> a constructed language developed by Sámuel Hiette Kannosíni for the purposes of his own <s>gasket-blowing frustration</s> enjoyment and glee.
= Introduction =
<big><center> '''[WARNING - ACHTUNG - AVERTISSEMENT]''' </center></big>
This article is '''very much''' a WIP, examples being inconsistency in formatting/style and references to features not yet fleshed out, as well as some small mentionings of a dialect called Luâi. I '''''realize''''' this is the case, however as someone who has ADHD (primarily inattentive type for the curious informed) and is ''extremely'' busy, my ability to consistently and coherently update this article is abysmal at best.

Thanks for understanding, people who obviously care as much as I do! /s

=== Fictional Setting ===
The Pangali language is the language used by the Pangalu, or the Pangali people, an indigenous people of the Pangali island chain, which is located roughly five hundred and thirty kilometers due west of the Phillipines.
Until 2003 they were considered an uncontacted people, but on March 17th, 2003 an exploratory party onboard a rudimentary sailing vessel voyaged from the northern island of Baluwikaûnu towards the Phillipines. Enroute to their destination, however, they were intercepted by the Philippine Coast Guard some two hundred kilometers northeast of the coast of Tandag City and, controversially, detained for a period of 5 months and 23 days.

Official justification for the length of the detainment was given by the Phillipine Department of Foreign Affairs (DFA) soon after the party’s release, stating:

<blockquote>“Due to the immense language and cultural barrier, as well as concern for the potential spread of disease to the isolated people, and questions regarding their motivation for travel made difficult by the aforementioned barriers, quarantine and detainment procedures were deemed not only the most efficient course of action, but also the safest, for all parties involved.”</blockquote>

The following months gave rise to an increase of international attention surrounding the Pangali people and the continuing communication efforts between them and the Philippine Government. It was later announced by the Philippine DFA that the isolated tribe “no longer wishes to be isolated”, and thus were subsequently placed underneath an international spotlight.

Naturally with the indigenous people now slowly but surely increasing contact with the modern world, records of their culture and language are a must in order to maintain a positive relationship, and thus the purpose of this wiki is, succinctly summarized, to address the linguistic side of such matters.

=== Classification ===
The language is classified as an agglutinative language isolate with a tripartite morphosyntatic alignment that declines nouns under a 12 case system and conjugates verbs for person, tense, aspect, and mood. Adjectives are not inflected and have zero-grade derivation for adverbial phrases.
The primary word order is OSV, however due to nouns being heavily inflected other word orders are possible, with SOV being the most prominently encountered alternate order. Whereas in many languages adpositions are used to indicate different relations between phrases, Pangali typically makes use of existing cases or a variation of Suffixaufnahme (also known as case stacking), wherein different cases are combined to carry the function of an adpositional function not normally covered by the standard twelve.

= Phonology =
In spite of its status as a language isolate, the phonological system of Pangali isn't terribly special in comparison to its neighbors in the Philippines or Australia. A simple syllable structure, few (phonemic) vowels, a fair amount of consonants, and stable vowel quality make this language both interesting and soundly (''ha, pun!'') mundane all at the same time.
=== Phoneme Inventory ===
Pangali's consonant inventory weighs in at a respectable 21 phonemic consonants. A unique feature that may be noted is the presence of phonemic prenasalized stops.

The vowels, on the other hand, number only three in terms of phonemic units. As with many languages with small vowel inventories, what vowels that Pangali does have are subject to significant allophonic variation.
{| class="wikitable" style="margin-left:auto; margin-right: auto; border: none; text-align:center"
|+Pangali Consonant Inventory
|-
! colspan=2 |
! Labial
! Alveolar
! Palatal
! Velar
! Glottal
|-
! colspan=2|Nasal
| m {{angbr|m}}
| n {{angbr|n}}
|
| ŋ {{angbr|ń}}
|
|-
! rowspan=2 | Plosive
! Plain
| p {{angbr|p}}
| t {{angbr|t}}
|
| k {{angbr|k}}
| ʔ {{angbr|ˆ}}
|-
! Prenasalized
| ᵐp {{angbr|b}}
| ⁿt {{angbr|d}}
|
| ᵑk {{angbr|g}}
|
|-
! colspan=2|Fricative
|
|
|
|
| h {{angbr |h,hj}}
|-
! colspan=2|Approximant
|
| ɹ {{angbr|r}}
| j {{angbr|j}}
| w {{angbr|w}}
|
|-

{| class="wikitable" style="margin-left:auto; margin-right: auto; border: none; text-align:center"
|+Pangali Vowel Inventory
|-
! || Front || Back
|-
! Close
| i {{angbr |i}}
| u {{angbr |u}}
|-
! Open
| a {{angbr |a}}
|
|-
|}

=== Romanization ===
The Pangalu currently have no official writing system but offers to be taught the romanization used in the recorded lexicon produced by academics have been met with enthusiasim.

=== Allophonic Variation ===
==== Plosives ====
Comprising 12 different allophonic variations, Pangali's plosives are the most unstable aspect of the language's phonological inventory.
===== Sonorization =====
Standard Pangali: Plain voiceless plosives become voiced in intervocalic positions.

{| class="wikitable" style="float:center; border: none; text-align:center"
|-
!Shift
!Example
|-
!p → b / V_V
|/ʔu'''p'''a/ → [ʔuˈ'''b'''a]
|-
!t → d / V_V
|/huwu'''t'''uwi/ → [hu.wu.'''d'''uˈɣʷi]1
|-
!k → g / V_V
|/ⁿta'''k'''u/ → [ⁿtaˈ'''g'''u]
|-
|}

===== Dissimilation =====

Word initially, /p t k/ spirantize to [f s x] when the following syllable shares the same onset. Under the same conditions intervocalically, /p t k/ instead affricate to [p͡f t͡s k͡x]:
{| class="wikitable" style="float:center; border: none; text-align:center"
|-
!Word Initial
!Example
!Intervocalic
!Example
|-
!p → f / _Vp
|/'''p'''apa/ → ['''f'''aˈba]
!p → p͡f / V_Vp
|/ᵐpi'''p'''apa/ → [ᵐpi.'''p͡f'''aˈba]
|-
!t → s / _Vt
|/'''t'''utiɹa/ → ['''s'''u.diˈða]
!t → t͡s / V_Vt
|/ᵐpi'''t'''utiɹa/ → [ᵐpi.'''t͡s'''u.diˈða]
|-
!k → x / _Vk
|/'''k'''uka/ → ['''x'''uˈga]
!k → k͡x / V_Vk
|/ᵐpi'''k'''uka/ → [ᵐpi.'''k͡x'''uˈga]
|-
|}

It is theorized that /p t k/ originally affricated in all positions but later spirantized word initially.

==== Approximants ====
===== Fortition =====
/ɹ j w/ fortify to [ð̠ ʝ ɣʷ] when occurring in a stressed syllable:

{|class="wikitable" style="float:center; border: none; text-align:center"
! Shifts
! colspan=2 | Examples
|-
! rowspan=2 | ɹ → ð̠
|/pa'''ɹ'''a/ → [paˈ'''ð̠'''a]
|-
|/ki'''ɹ'''i/ → [kiˈ'''ð̠'''i]
|-
! rowspan=2 | j → ʝ
|/iɹata'''j'''u/ → [i.ɹa.daˈ'''ʝ'''u]
|-
|/ni'''j'''a/ → [niˈ'''ʝ'''a]
|-
! rowspan=2 | w → ɣʷ
|/i'''w'''i/ → [iˈ'''ɣʷ'''i]
|-
|/ku'''w'''a/ → [kuˈ'''ɣʷ'''a]
|-
|}

Notes:
*The most common realization of /ɹ/ is [ð̠], a voiced alveolar non-sibilant fricative, but some speakers may realize it as the sibilant counterpart [z] or even postalveolar [ʒ].
*Speakers who realize /ɹ/ as [ʒ] typically merge [ʒ] and [ʝ] to [ʒ].
*Technically, /w/ would be better transcribed as [ɣʷ~ɣ] due to notable free variation, however [ɣʷ] is more commonly encountered and thus the more common transcription.

==== Vowels ====

==== Centralization ====
Vowels preceding /ʔ/ are centralized. /a/ is both centralized and raised:

{| class="wikitable" style="float:center; border: none; text-align:center"
|-
!Shift
!Example
|-
!a → ɐ /_ʔ
|/h'''a'''ʔamu/ → [h'''ɐ'''.ʔaˈmu]2
|-
!u → ʉ /_ʔ
|/han'''u'''ʔa/ → [ha.n'''ʉ'''ˈʔa]2
|-
!i → ɨ /_ʔ
|/p'''i'''ʔa/ → [p'''ɨ'''ˈʔa]
|-
|}

==== Lowering ====
/i/ and /u/ are lowered to [ɛ] and [ɔ], respectively, when preceding nasals and prenasalized consonants:

{| class="wikitable" style="float:center; border: none; text-align:center"
|-
!Shift
!colspan=2 | Examples
|-
!i → ɛ /_N
|/h'''i'''ⁿtu/ → [h'''ɛ'''ˈⁿtu] || /tat'''i'''nu/ → [sa.d'''ɛ'''ˈnu]
|-
!u → ɔ /_N
|/ʔ'''u'''ŋa/ → [ʔ'''ɔ'''ˈŋa] || /k'''u'''maki/ → [k'''ɔ'''.maˈgi]
|-
|}

=== Phonotactics ===

==== Syllable Structure ====
Pangali has a (C)V structure, where a syllable can only contain one vowel, which may or may not be preceded by a consonant. Word initial syllables may occur with either a null onset or with any single consonant except for /ɹ/ and /j/, while word internal syllables may only occur with single consonant onsets, with the exception of /h/, which may only appear word initially. Codas are forbidden in any context, with all syllables being open.

==== Epenthesis ====
In instances where a word ending in a null coda (i.e. all words) is followed by a word beginning with a null onset, an epenthetic /ŋ/ is inserted to replace the null onset. This process is treated as if there is no word boundary, and thus the presence of the epenthetic nasal lowers the preceding vowel if it is high, while in other instances word boundaries would prevent this.
*/hatawu/ + /utunasa/ = [sa.daˈɣʷɔ ŋu.dɔ.naˈða]
**/hatawu/ + /ŋaᵐpinaɹa/ = [sa.daˈɣʷu ŋa.ᵐpi.naˈða]

==== Loanwords ====
Due to the nature of this syllable structure non-conforming loanwords are often heavily altered; although it should be noted that calques are extremely more common in favor of familiarity when possible.
Note the simplification of clusters to the second consonant in the example below:

*Helicopter: /ˈheliˌkɔptə(ɹ)/ → /hiɹikuta/

==== Stress ====
Lexical stress in Pangali falls on the final syllable of the root, and this remains true even if derivational suffixes apply.

= Numbers =
Filler text is text that shares some characteristics of a real written text, but is random or otherwise generated. It may be used to display a sample of fonts, generate text for testing, or to spoof an e-mail spam filter. The process of using filler text is sometimes called greeking, although the text itself may be nonsense, or largely Latin, as in Lorem ipsum.
= Nouns =
Filler text is text that shares some characteristics of a real written text, but is random or otherwise generated. It may be used to display a sample of fonts, generate text for testing, or to spoof an e-mail spam filter. The process of using filler text is sometimes called greeking, although the text itself may be nonsense, or largely Latin, as in Lorem ipsum.
= Verbs =
While other languages such as [http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanish_Language Spanish] follow a [http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tense-Aspect-Mood Tense-Aspect-Mood (TAM)] system, in which the three categories are largely conflated amongst conjugation paradigms, Pangali primarily expresses these categories in an agglutinative fashion. Where each category can cleanly be separated morpheme by morpheme.

The 6 categories that verbs in Pangali conjugate for are: Person, Tense, Aspect, Mood, and Evidentiality.

=== Person ===
Filler text is text that shares some characteristics of a real written text, but is random or otherwise generated. It may be used to display a sample of fonts, generate text for testing, or to spoof an e-mail spam filter. The process of using filler text is sometimes called greeking, although the text itself may be nonsense, or largely Latin, as in Lorem ipsum.
=== Tense ===
Filler text is text that shares some characteristics of a real written text, but is random or otherwise generated. It may be used to display a sample of fonts, generate text for testing, or to spoof an e-mail spam filter. The process of using filler text is sometimes called greeking, although the text itself may be nonsense, or largely Latin, as in Lorem ipsum.
==== Present Tense ====
Filler text is text that shares some characteristics of a real written text, but is random or otherwise generated. It may be used to display a sample of fonts, generate text for testing, or to spoof an e-mail spam filter. The process of using filler text is sometimes called greeking, although the text itself may be nonsense, or largely Latin, as in Lorem ipsum.

==== Past Tense ====
Filler text is text that shares some characteristics of a real written text, but is random or otherwise generated. It may be used to display a sample of fonts, generate text for testing, or to spoof an e-mail spam filter. The process of using filler text is sometimes called greeking, although the text itself may be nonsense, or largely Latin, as in Lorem ipsum.

=== Aspect ===
Filler text is text that shares some characteristics of a real written text, but is random or otherwise generated. It may be used to display a sample of fonts, generate text for testing, or to spoof an e-mail spam filter. The process of using filler text is sometimes called greeking, although the text itself may be nonsense, or largely Latin, as in Lorem ipsum.
==== Episodic ====

===== Gnomic =====
===== Habitual =====

==== Stative ====

===== Inchoative =====
===== Cessative =====
===== Progressive =====
===== Continuous =====
===== Discontinuous =====

==== Relative ====

===== Retrospective =====

===== Prospective =====

=== Mood ===

=== Evidentiality ===

= Derivational Morphology =
Filler text is text that shares some characteristics of a real written text, but is random or otherwise generated. It may be used to display a sample of fonts, generate text for testing, or to spoof an e-mail spam filter. The process of using filler text is sometimes called greeking, although the text itself may be nonsense, or largely Latin, as in Lorem ipsum.
= Syntax =

=== Parameter Order ===
Pangali, in line with its use of case marking, allows its speakers to vary their choice of word order. That being said, the default and most neutral order is OSV (Object-Subject-Verb):

[ⁿtɛ.mɔˈmi|wa.ᵐpuˈɟi|ka.ɹu.wi.ɹi.ɡaˈvi]

animal-ACC | father.ERG | CAUS-eat

''The father is feeding the animal''

[ŋa.k͡xu.ɡɔ.maˈmi|wa.ᵐpuˈɟi|i.ɹi.ɡaˈvi|hu|u.na.ŋaˈɡʷu|na.mu.wɛ.naˈvi]

1P.GEN-apple-ACC | father.ERG CAUS-eat | REL | INTRANS-I | fear

''I fear that my father is eating my apple.''

=== Topicalization ===
With the exception of the verb, which must be in the final position of a clause, phrases that are emphasized generally come first in a sentence.

'''Śikimi baúmaliku śuwiwaúśuwi''' (Neutral)

child-ACC bird.ERG DIM-bite

''The bird nipped the child''

-

'''Baúmaliku śikimi śuwiwaúśuwi''' (Emphasis on '''baúmaliku''')

bird.ERG child-ACC DIM-bite

''It was the bird that nipped the child''

Pangali

2019-09-12T06:08:16Z

Kóði: /* Fortition */

[[Category:Languages]]
[[Category:Conlangs]]
[[Category:Artlangs]]
[[Category:A_priori]]
[[Category:Language_Isolate]]

{{Infobox language
|name = Pangali
|nativename = Ńipańariâ, Pańari
|pronunciation = [ŋi.ba.ŋa.ɹɨˈʔa], [pa.ŋaˈði]
|creator = [[User:Kóði|Sámuel Hiette Kannosíni]] 
|created = August 8th, 2019
|setting =
|fam1 = [[Language Isolate]]
|script = [[w:Latin script|Latin script]] (Romanization, academic)
|brcl = blue
}}

'''Pangali''' (English: /pɑŋˈgɑli/, /peɪŋˈgɑli/, or /pɛnˈgɑli/) is <s>a poorly made attempt at channeling the creator's artistic nature</s> a constructed language developed by Sámuel Hiette Kannosíni for the purposes of his own <s>gasket-blowing frustration</s> enjoyment and glee.
= Introduction =
<big><center> '''[WARNING - ACHTUNG - AVERTISSEMENT]''' </center></big>
This article is '''very much''' a WIP, examples being inconsistency in formatting/style and references to features not yet fleshed out, as well as some small mentionings of a dialect called Luâi. I '''''realize''''' this is the case, however as someone who has ADHD (primarily inattentive type for the curious informed) and is ''extremely'' busy, my ability to consistently and coherently update this article is abysmal at best.

Thanks for understanding, people who obviously care as much as I do! /s

=== Fictional Setting ===
The Pangali language is the language used by the Pangalu, or the Pangali people, an indigenous people of the Pangali island chain, which is located roughly five hundred and thirty kilometers due west of the Phillipines.
Until 2003 they were considered an uncontacted people, but on March 17th, 2003 an exploratory party onboard a rudimentary sailing vessel voyaged from the northern island of Baluwikaûnu towards the Phillipines. Enroute to their destination, however, they were intercepted by the Philippine Coast Guard some two hundred kilometers northeast of the coast of Tandag City and, controversially, detained for a period of 5 months and 23 days.

Official justification for the length of the detainment was given by the Phillipine Department of Foreign Affairs (DFA) soon after the party’s release, stating:

<blockquote>“Due to the immense language and cultural barrier, as well as concern for the potential spread of disease to the isolated people, and questions regarding their motivation for travel made difficult by the aforementioned barriers, quarantine and detainment procedures were deemed not only the most efficient course of action, but also the safest, for all parties involved.”</blockquote>

The following months gave rise to an increase of international attention surrounding the Pangali people and the continuing communication efforts between them and the Philippine Government. It was later announced by the Philippine DFA that the isolated tribe “no longer wishes to be isolated”, and thus were subsequently placed underneath an international spotlight.

Naturally with the indigenous people now slowly but surely increasing contact with the modern world, records of their culture and language are a must in order to maintain a positive relationship, and thus the purpose of this wiki is, succinctly summarized, to address the linguistic side of such matters.

=== Classification ===
The language is classified as an agglutinative language isolate with a tripartite morphosyntatic alignment that declines nouns under a 12 case system and conjugates verbs for person, tense, aspect, and mood. Adjectives are not inflected and have zero-grade derivation for adverbial phrases.
The primary word order is OSV, however due to nouns being heavily inflected other word orders are possible, with SOV being the most prominently encountered alternate order. Whereas in many languages adpositions are used to indicate different relations between phrases, Pangali typically makes use of existing cases or a variation of Suffixaufnahme (also known as case stacking), wherein different cases are combined to carry the function of an adpositional function not normally covered by the standard twelve.

= Phonology =
In spite of its status as a language isolate, the phonological system of Pangali isn't terribly special in comparison to its neighbors in the Philippines or Australia. A simple syllable structure, few (phonemic) vowels, a fair amount of consonants, and stable vowel quality make this language both interesting and soundly (''ha, pun!'') mundane all at the same time.
=== Phoneme Inventory ===
Pangali's consonant inventory weighs in at a respectable 21 phonemic consonants. A unique feature that may be noted is the presence of phonemic prenasalized stops.

The vowels, on the other hand, number only three in terms of phonemic units. As with many languages with small vowel inventories, what vowels that Pangali does have are subject to significant allophonic variation.
{| class="wikitable" style="margin-left:auto; margin-right: auto; border: none; text-align:center"
|+Pangali Consonant Inventory
|-
! colspan=2 |
! Labial
! Alveolar
! Palatal
! Velar
! Glottal
|-
! colspan=2|Nasal
| m {{angbr|m}}
| n {{angbr|n}}
|
| ŋ {{angbr|ń}}
|
|-
! rowspan=2 | Plosive
! Plain
| p {{angbr|p}}
| t {{angbr|t}}
|
| k {{angbr|k}}
| ʔ {{angbr|ˆ}}
|-
! Prenasalized
| ᵐp {{angbr|b}}
| ⁿt {{angbr|d}}
|
| ᵑk {{angbr|g}}
|
|-
! colspan=2|Fricative
|
|
|
|
| h {{angbr |h,hj}}
|-
! colspan=2|Approximant
|
| ɹ {{angbr|r}}
| j {{angbr|j}}
| w {{angbr|w}}
|
|-

{| class="wikitable" style="margin-left:auto; margin-right: auto; border: none; text-align:center"
|+Pangali Vowel Inventory
|-
! || Front || Back
|-
! Close
| i {{angbr |i}}
| u {{angbr |u}}
|-
! Open
| a {{angbr |a}}
|
|-
|}

=== Romanization ===
The Pangalu currently have no official writing system but offers to be taught the romanization used in the recorded lexicon produced by academics have been met with enthusiasim.

=== Allophonic Variation ===
==== Plosives ====
Comprising 12 different allophonic variations, Pangali's plosives are the most unstable aspect of the language's phonological inventory.
===== Sonorization =====
Standard Pangali: Plain voiceless plosives become voiced in intervocalic positions.

{| class="wikitable" style="float:center; border: none; text-align:center"
|-
!Shift
!Example
|-
!p → b / V_V
|/ʔu'''p'''a/ → [ʔuˈ'''b'''a]
|-
!t → d / V_V
|/huwu'''t'''uwi/ → [hu.wu.'''d'''uˈɣʷi]1
|-
!k → g / V_V
|/ⁿta'''k'''u/ → [ⁿtaˈ'''g'''u]
|-
|}

===== Dissimilation =====

Word initially, /p t k/ spirantize to [f s x] when the following syllable shares the same onset. Under the same conditions intervocalically, /p t k/ instead affricate to [p͡f t͡s k͡x]:
{| class="wikitable" style="float:center; border: none; text-align:center"
|-
!Word Initial
!Example
!Intervocalic
!Example
|-
!p → f / _Vp
|/'''p'''apa/ → ['''f'''aˈba]
!p → p͡f / V_Vp
|/ᵐpi'''p'''apa/ → [ᵐpi.'''p͡f'''aˈba]
|-
!t → s / _Vt
|/'''t'''utiɹa/ → ['''s'''u.diˈða]
!t → t͡s / V_Vt
|/ᵐpi'''t'''utiɹa/ → [ᵐpi.'''t͡s'''u.diˈða]
|-
!k → x / _Vk
|/'''k'''uka/ → ['''x'''uˈga]
!k → k͡x / V_Vk
|/ᵐpi'''k'''uka/ → [ᵐpi.'''k͡x'''uˈga]
|-
|}

It is theorized that /p t k/ originally affricated in all positions but later spirantized word initially.

==== Approximants ====
==== Fortition ====
/ɹ j w/ fortify to [ð̠ ʝ ɣʷ] when occurring in a stressed syllable:

{|class="wikitable" style="float:center; border: none; text-align:center"
! Shifts
! colspan=2 | Examples
|-
! rowspan=2 | ɹ → ð̠
|/pa'''ɹ'''a/ → [paˈ'''ð̠'''a]
|-
|/ki'''ɹ'''i/ → [kiˈ'''ð̠'''i]
|-
! rowspan=2 | j → ʝ
|/iɹata'''j'''u/ → [i.ɹa.daˈ'''ʝ'''u]
|-
|/ni'''j'''a/ → [niˈ'''ʝ'''a]
|-
! rowspan=2 | w → ɣʷ
|/i'''w'''i/ → [iˈ'''ɣʷ'''i]
|-
|/ku'''w'''a/ → [kuˈ'''ɣʷ'''a]
|-
|}

Notes:
*The most common realization of /ɹ/ is [ð̠], a voiced alveolar non-sibilant fricative, but some speakers may realize it as the sibilant counterpart [z] or even postalveolar [ʒ].
*Speakers who realized /ɹ/ as [ʒ] typically merge [ʒ] and [ʝ] to [ʒ].
*Technically, /w/ would be better transcribed as [ɣʷ~ɣ] due to notable free variation, however [ɣʷ] is more commonly encountered and thus the more common transcription.

==== Vowels ====

==== Centralization ====
Vowels preceding /ʔ/ are centralized. /a/ is both centralized and raised:

{| class="wikitable" style="float:center; border: none; text-align:center"
|-
!Shift
!Example
|-
!a → ɐ /_ʔ
|/h'''a'''ʔamu/ → [h'''ɐ'''.ʔaˈmu]2
|-
!u → ʉ /_ʔ
|/han'''u'''ʔa/ → [ha.n'''ʉ'''ˈʔa]2
|-
!i → ɨ /_ʔ
|/p'''i'''ʔa/ → [p'''ɨ'''ˈʔa]
|-
|}

==== Lowering ====
/i/ and /u/ are lowered to [ɛ] and [ɔ], respectively, when preceding nasals and prenasalized consonants:

{| class="wikitable" style="float:center; border: none; text-align:center"
|-
!Shift
!colspan=2 | Examples
|-
!i → ɛ /_N
|/h'''i'''ⁿtu/ → [h'''ɛ'''ˈⁿtu] || /tat'''i'''nu/ → [sa.d'''ɛ'''ˈnu]
|-
!u → ɔ /_N
|/ʔ'''u'''ŋa/ → [ʔ'''ɔ'''ˈŋa] || /k'''u'''maki/ → [k'''ɔ'''.maˈgi]
|-
|}

=== Phonotactics ===

==== Syllable Structure ====
Pangali has a (C)V structure, where a syllable can only contain one vowel, which may or may not be preceded by a consonant. Word initial syllables may occur with either a null onset or with any single consonant except for /ɹ/ and /j/, while word internal syllables may only occur with single consonant onsets, with the exception of /h/, which may only appear word initially. Codas are forbidden in any context, with all syllables being open.

==== Epenthesis ====
In instances where a word ending in a null coda (i.e. all words) is followed by a word beginning with a null onset, an epenthetic /ŋ/ is inserted to replace the null onset. This process is treated as if there is no word boundary, and thus the presence of the epenthetic nasal lowers the preceding vowel if it is high, while in other instances word boundaries would prevent this.
*/hatawu/ + /utunasa/ = [sa.daˈɣʷɔ ŋu.dɔ.naˈða]
**/hatawu/ + /ŋaᵐpinaɹa/ = [sa.daˈɣʷu ŋa.ᵐpi.naˈða]

==== Loanwords ====
Due to the nature of this syllable structure non-conforming loanwords are often heavily altered; although it should be noted that calques are extremely more common in favor of familiarity when possible.
Note the simplification of clusters to the second consonant in the example below:

*Helicopter: /ˈheliˌkɔptə(ɹ)/ → /hiɹikuta/

==== Stress ====
Lexical stress in Pangali falls on the final syllable of the root, and this remains true even if derivational suffixes apply.

= Numbers =
Filler text is text that shares some characteristics of a real written text, but is random or otherwise generated. It may be used to display a sample of fonts, generate text for testing, or to spoof an e-mail spam filter. The process of using filler text is sometimes called greeking, although the text itself may be nonsense, or largely Latin, as in Lorem ipsum.
= Nouns =
Filler text is text that shares some characteristics of a real written text, but is random or otherwise generated. It may be used to display a sample of fonts, generate text for testing, or to spoof an e-mail spam filter. The process of using filler text is sometimes called greeking, although the text itself may be nonsense, or largely Latin, as in Lorem ipsum.
= Verbs =
While other languages such as [http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanish_Language Spanish] follow a [http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tense-Aspect-Mood Tense-Aspect-Mood (TAM)] system, in which the three categories are largely conflated amongst conjugation paradigms, Pangali primarily expresses these categories in an agglutinative fashion. Where each category can cleanly be separated morpheme by morpheme.

The 6 categories that verbs in Pangali conjugate for are: Person, Tense, Aspect, Mood, and Evidentiality.

=== Person ===
Filler text is text that shares some characteristics of a real written text, but is random or otherwise generated. It may be used to display a sample of fonts, generate text for testing, or to spoof an e-mail spam filter. The process of using filler text is sometimes called greeking, although the text itself may be nonsense, or largely Latin, as in Lorem ipsum.
=== Tense ===
Filler text is text that shares some characteristics of a real written text, but is random or otherwise generated. It may be used to display a sample of fonts, generate text for testing, or to spoof an e-mail spam filter. The process of using filler text is sometimes called greeking, although the text itself may be nonsense, or largely Latin, as in Lorem ipsum.
==== Present Tense ====
Filler text is text that shares some characteristics of a real written text, but is random or otherwise generated. It may be used to display a sample of fonts, generate text for testing, or to spoof an e-mail spam filter. The process of using filler text is sometimes called greeking, although the text itself may be nonsense, or largely Latin, as in Lorem ipsum.

==== Past Tense ====
Filler text is text that shares some characteristics of a real written text, but is random or otherwise generated. It may be used to display a sample of fonts, generate text for testing, or to spoof an e-mail spam filter. The process of using filler text is sometimes called greeking, although the text itself may be nonsense, or largely Latin, as in Lorem ipsum.

=== Aspect ===
Filler text is text that shares some characteristics of a real written text, but is random or otherwise generated. It may be used to display a sample of fonts, generate text for testing, or to spoof an e-mail spam filter. The process of using filler text is sometimes called greeking, although the text itself may be nonsense, or largely Latin, as in Lorem ipsum.
==== Episodic ====

===== Gnomic =====
===== Habitual =====

==== Stative ====

===== Inchoative =====
===== Cessative =====
===== Progressive =====
===== Continuous =====
===== Discontinuous =====

==== Relative ====

===== Retrospective =====

===== Prospective =====

=== Mood ===

=== Evidentiality ===

= Derivational Morphology =
Filler text is text that shares some characteristics of a real written text, but is random or otherwise generated. It may be used to display a sample of fonts, generate text for testing, or to spoof an e-mail spam filter. The process of using filler text is sometimes called greeking, although the text itself may be nonsense, or largely Latin, as in Lorem ipsum.
= Syntax =

=== Parameter Order ===
Pangali, in line with its use of case marking, allows its speakers to vary their choice of word order. That being said, the default and most neutral order is OSV (Object-Subject-Verb):

[ⁿtɛ.mɔˈmi|wa.ᵐpuˈɟi|ka.ɹu.wi.ɹi.ɡaˈvi]

animal-ACC | father.ERG | CAUS-eat

''The father is feeding the animal''

[ŋa.k͡xu.ɡɔ.maˈmi|wa.ᵐpuˈɟi|i.ɹi.ɡaˈvi|hu|u.na.ŋaˈɡʷu|na.mu.wɛ.naˈvi]

1P.GEN-apple-ACC | father.ERG CAUS-eat | REL | INTRANS-I | fear

''I fear that my father is eating my apple.''

=== Topicalization ===
With the exception of the verb, which must be in the final position of a clause, phrases that are emphasized generally come first in a sentence.

'''Śikimi baúmaliku śuwiwaúśuwi''' (Neutral)

child-ACC bird.ERG DIM-bite

''The bird nipped the child''

-

'''Baúmaliku śikimi śuwiwaúśuwi''' (Emphasis on '''baúmaliku''')

bird.ERG child-ACC DIM-bite

''It was the bird that nipped the child''

Pangali

2019-09-12T05:15:42Z

Kóði: /* Fortition */

[[Category:Languages]]
[[Category:Conlangs]]
[[Category:Artlangs]]
[[Category:A_priori]]
[[Category:Language_Isolate]]

{{Infobox language
|name = Pangali
|nativename = Ńipańariâ, Pańari
|pronunciation = [ŋi.ba.ŋa.ɹɨˈʔa], [pa.ŋaˈði]
|creator = [[User:Kóði|Sámuel Hiette Kannosíni]] 
|created = August 8th, 2019
|setting =
|fam1 = [[Language Isolate]]
|script = [[w:Latin script|Latin script]] (Romanization, academic)
|brcl = blue
}}

'''Pangali''' (English: /pɑŋˈgɑli/, /peɪŋˈgɑli/, or /pɛnˈgɑli/) is <s>a poorly made attempt at channeling the creator's artistic nature</s> a constructed language developed by Sámuel Hiette Kannosíni for the purposes of his own <s>gasket-blowing frustration</s> enjoyment and glee.
= Introduction =
<big><center> '''[WARNING - ACHTUNG - AVERTISSEMENT]''' </center></big>
This article is '''very much''' a WIP, examples being inconsistency in formatting/style and references to features not yet fleshed out, as well as some small mentionings of a dialect called Luâi. I '''''realize''''' this is the case, however as someone who has ADHD (primarily inattentive type for the curious informed) and is ''extremely'' busy, my ability to consistently and coherently update this article is abysmal at best.

Thanks for understanding, people who obviously care as much as I do! /s

=== Fictional Setting ===
The Pangali language is the language used by the Pangalu, or the Pangali people, an indigenous people of the Pangali island chain, which is located roughly five hundred and thirty kilometers due west of the Phillipines.
Until 2003 they were considered an uncontacted people, but on March 17th, 2003 an exploratory party onboard a rudimentary sailing vessel voyaged from the northern island of Baluwikaûnu towards the Phillipines. Enroute to their destination, however, they were intercepted by the Philippine Coast Guard some two hundred kilometers northeast of the coast of Tandag City and, controversially, detained for a period of 5 months and 23 days.

Official justification for the length of the detainment was given by the Phillipine Department of Foreign Affairs (DFA) soon after the party’s release, stating:

<blockquote>“Due to the immense language and cultural barrier, as well as concern for the potential spread of disease to the isolated people, and questions regarding their motivation for travel made difficult by the aforementioned barriers, quarantine and detainment procedures were deemed not only the most efficient course of action, but also the safest, for all parties involved.”</blockquote>

The following months gave rise to an increase of international attention surrounding the Pangali people and the continuing communication efforts between them and the Philippine Government. It was later announced by the Philippine DFA that the isolated tribe “no longer wishes to be isolated”, and thus were subsequently placed underneath an international spotlight.

Naturally with the indigenous people now slowly but surely increasing contact with the modern world, records of their culture and language are a must in order to maintain a positive relationship, and thus the purpose of this wiki is, succinctly summarized, to address the linguistic side of such matters.

=== Classification ===
The language is classified as an agglutinative language isolate with a tripartite morphosyntatic alignment that declines nouns under a 12 case system and conjugates verbs for person, tense, aspect, and mood. Adjectives are not inflected and have zero-grade derivation for adverbial phrases.
The primary word order is OSV, however due to nouns being heavily inflected other word orders are possible, with SOV being the most prominently encountered alternate order. Whereas in many languages adpositions are used to indicate different relations between phrases, Pangali typically makes use of existing cases or a variation of Suffixaufnahme (also known as case stacking), wherein different cases are combined to carry the function of an adpositional function not normally covered by the standard twelve.

= Phonology =
In spite of its status as a language isolate, the phonological system of Pangali isn't terribly special in comparison to its neighbors in the Philippines or Australia. A simple syllable structure, few (phonemic) vowels, a fair amount of consonants, and stable vowel quality make this language both interesting and soundly (''ha, pun!'') mundane all at the same time.
=== Phoneme Inventory ===
Pangali's consonant inventory weighs in at a respectable 21 phonemic consonants. A unique feature that may be noted is the presence of phonemic prenasalized stops.

The vowels, on the other hand, number only three in terms of phonemic units. As with many languages with small vowel inventories, what vowels that Pangali does have are subject to significant allophonic variation.
{| class="wikitable" style="margin-left:auto; margin-right: auto; border: none; text-align:center"
|+Pangali Consonant Inventory
|-
! colspan=2 |
! Labial
! Alveolar
! Palatal
! Velar
! Glottal
|-
! colspan=2|Nasal
| m {{angbr|m}}
| n {{angbr|n}}
|
| ŋ {{angbr|ń}}
|
|-
! rowspan=2 | Plosive
! Plain
| p {{angbr|p}}
| t {{angbr|t}}
|
| k {{angbr|k}}
| ʔ {{angbr|ˆ}}
|-
! Prenasalized
| ᵐp {{angbr|b}}
| ⁿt {{angbr|d}}
|
| ᵑk {{angbr|g}}
|
|-
! colspan=2|Fricative
|
|
|
|
| h {{angbr |h,hj}}
|-
! colspan=2|Approximant
|
| ɹ {{angbr|r}}
| j {{angbr|j}}
| w {{angbr|w}}
|
|-

{| class="wikitable" style="margin-left:auto; margin-right: auto; border: none; text-align:center"
|+Pangali Vowel Inventory
|-
! || Front || Back
|-
! Close
| i {{angbr |i}}
| u {{angbr |u}}
|-
! Open
| a {{angbr |a}}
|
|-
|}

=== Romanization ===
The Pangalu currently have no official writing system but offers to be taught the romanization used in the recorded lexicon produced by academics have been met with enthusiasim.

=== Allophonic Variation ===
==== Plosives ====
Comprising 12 different allophonic variations, Pangali's plosives are the most unstable aspect of the language's phonological inventory.
===== Sonorization =====
Standard Pangali: Plain voiceless plosives become voiced in intervocalic positions.

{| class="wikitable" style="float:center; border: none; text-align:center"
|-
!Shift
!Example
|-
!p → b / V_V
|/ʔu'''p'''a/ → [ʔuˈ'''b'''a]
|-
!t → d / V_V
|/huwu'''t'''uwi/ → [hu.wu.'''d'''uˈɣʷi]1
|-
!k → g / V_V
|/ⁿta'''k'''u/ → [ⁿtaˈ'''g'''u]
|-
|}

===== Dissimilation =====

Word initially, /p t k/ spirantize to [f s x] when the following syllable shares the same onset. Under the same conditions intervocalically, /p t k/ instead affricate to [p͡f t͡s k͡x]:
{| class="wikitable" style="float:center; border: none; text-align:center"
|-
!Word Initial
!Example
!Intervocalic
!Example
|-
!p → f / _Vp
|/'''p'''apa/ → ['''f'''aˈba]
!p → p͡f / V_Vp
|/ᵐpi'''p'''apa/ → [ᵐpi.'''p͡f'''aˈba]
|-
!t → s / _Vt
|/'''t'''utiɹa/ → ['''s'''u.diˈða]
!t → t͡s / V_Vt
|/ᵐpi'''t'''utiɹa/ → [ᵐpi.'''t͡s'''u.diˈða]
|-
!k → x / _Vk
|/'''k'''uka/ → ['''x'''uˈga]
!k → k͡x / V_Vk
|/ᵐpi'''k'''uka/ → [ᵐpi.'''k͡x'''uˈga]
|-
|}

It is theorized that /p t k/ originally affricated in all positions but later spirantized word initially.

==== Approximants ====
==== Fortition ====
/ɹ j w/ fortify to [ð̠ ʝ ɣʷ] when occurring in a stressed syllable:

{|class="wikitable" style="float:center; border: none; text-align:center"
! Shifts
! colspan=2 | Examples
|-
! rowspan=2 | ɹ → ð̠
|/pa'''ɹ'''a/ → [paˈ'''ð̠'''a]
|-
|/ki'''ɹ'''i/ → [kiˈ'''ð̠'''i]
|-
! rowspan=2 | j → ʝ
|/iɹata'''j'''u/ → [i.ɹa.daˈ'''ʝ'''u]
|-
|/ni'''j'''a/ → [niˈ'''ʝ'''a]
|-
! rowspan=2 | w → ɣʷ
|/i'''w'''i/ → [iˈ'''ɣʷ'''i]
|-
|/ku'''w'''a/ → [kuˈ'''ɣʷ'''a]
|-
|}

Notes:
The most common realization of /ɹ/ is [ð̠], a voiced alveolar non-sibilant fricative, but some speakers may realize it as the sibilant counterpart [z] or [.

==== Vowels ====

==== Centralization ====
Vowels preceding /ʔ/ are centralized. /a/ is both centralized and raised:

{| class="wikitable" style="float:center; border: none; text-align:center"
|-
!Shift
!Example
|-
!a → ɐ /_ʔ
|/h'''a'''ʔamu/ → [h'''ɐ'''.ʔaˈmu]2
|-
!u → ʉ /_ʔ
|/han'''u'''ʔa/ → [ha.n'''ʉ'''ˈʔa]2
|-
!i → ɨ /_ʔ
|/p'''i'''ʔa/ → [p'''ɨ'''ˈʔa]
|-
|}

==== Lowering ====
/i/ and /u/ are lowered to [ɛ] and [ɔ], respectively, when preceding nasals and prenasalized consonants:

{| class="wikitable" style="float:center; border: none; text-align:center"
|-
!Shift
!colspan=2 | Examples
|-
!i → ɛ /_N
|/h'''i'''ⁿtu/ → [h'''ɛ'''ˈⁿtu] || /tat'''i'''nu/ → [sa.d'''ɛ'''ˈnu]
|-
!u → ɔ /_N
|/ʔ'''u'''ŋa/ → [ʔ'''ɔ'''ˈŋa] || /k'''u'''maki/ → [k'''ɔ'''.maˈgi]
|-
|}

=== Phonotactics ===

==== Syllable Structure ====
Pangali has a (C)V structure, where a syllable can only contain one vowel, which may or may not be preceded by a consonant. Word initial syllables may occur with either a null onset or with any single consonant except for /ɹ/ and /j/, while word internal syllables may only occur with single consonant onsets, with the exception of /h/, which may only appear word initially. Codas are forbidden in any context, with all syllables being open.

==== Epenthesis ====
In instances where a word ending in a null coda (i.e. all words) is followed by a word beginning with a null onset, an epenthetic /ŋ/ is inserted to replace the null onset. This process is treated as if there is no word boundary, and thus the presence of the epenthetic nasal lowers the preceding vowel if it is high, while in other instances word boundaries would prevent this.
*/hatawu/ + /utunasa/ = [sa.daˈɣʷɔ ŋu.dɔ.naˈða]
**/hatawu/ + /ŋaᵐpinaɹa/ = [sa.daˈɣʷu ŋa.ᵐpi.naˈða]

==== Loanwords ====
Due to the nature of this syllable structure non-conforming loanwords are often heavily altered; although it should be noted that calques are extremely more common in favor of familiarity when possible.
Note the simplification of clusters to the second consonant in the example below:

*Helicopter: /ˈheliˌkɔptə(ɹ)/ → /hiɹikuta/

==== Stress ====
Lexical stress in Pangali falls on the final syllable of the root, and this remains true even if derivational suffixes apply.

= Numbers =
Filler text is text that shares some characteristics of a real written text, but is random or otherwise generated. It may be used to display a sample of fonts, generate text for testing, or to spoof an e-mail spam filter. The process of using filler text is sometimes called greeking, although the text itself may be nonsense, or largely Latin, as in Lorem ipsum.
= Nouns =
Filler text is text that shares some characteristics of a real written text, but is random or otherwise generated. It may be used to display a sample of fonts, generate text for testing, or to spoof an e-mail spam filter. The process of using filler text is sometimes called greeking, although the text itself may be nonsense, or largely Latin, as in Lorem ipsum.
= Verbs =
While other languages such as [http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanish_Language Spanish] follow a [http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tense-Aspect-Mood Tense-Aspect-Mood (TAM)] system, in which the three categories are largely conflated amongst conjugation paradigms, Pangali primarily expresses these categories in an agglutinative fashion. Where each category can cleanly be separated morpheme by morpheme.

The 6 categories that verbs in Pangali conjugate for are: Person, Tense, Aspect, Mood, and Evidentiality.

=== Person ===
Filler text is text that shares some characteristics of a real written text, but is random or otherwise generated. It may be used to display a sample of fonts, generate text for testing, or to spoof an e-mail spam filter. The process of using filler text is sometimes called greeking, although the text itself may be nonsense, or largely Latin, as in Lorem ipsum.
=== Tense ===
Filler text is text that shares some characteristics of a real written text, but is random or otherwise generated. It may be used to display a sample of fonts, generate text for testing, or to spoof an e-mail spam filter. The process of using filler text is sometimes called greeking, although the text itself may be nonsense, or largely Latin, as in Lorem ipsum.
==== Present Tense ====
Filler text is text that shares some characteristics of a real written text, but is random or otherwise generated. It may be used to display a sample of fonts, generate text for testing, or to spoof an e-mail spam filter. The process of using filler text is sometimes called greeking, although the text itself may be nonsense, or largely Latin, as in Lorem ipsum.

==== Past Tense ====
Filler text is text that shares some characteristics of a real written text, but is random or otherwise generated. It may be used to display a sample of fonts, generate text for testing, or to spoof an e-mail spam filter. The process of using filler text is sometimes called greeking, although the text itself may be nonsense, or largely Latin, as in Lorem ipsum.

=== Aspect ===
Filler text is text that shares some characteristics of a real written text, but is random or otherwise generated. It may be used to display a sample of fonts, generate text for testing, or to spoof an e-mail spam filter. The process of using filler text is sometimes called greeking, although the text itself may be nonsense, or largely Latin, as in Lorem ipsum.
==== Episodic ====

===== Gnomic =====
===== Habitual =====

==== Stative ====

===== Inchoative =====
===== Cessative =====
===== Progressive =====
===== Continuous =====
===== Discontinuous =====

==== Relative ====

===== Retrospective =====

===== Prospective =====

=== Mood ===

=== Evidentiality ===

= Derivational Morphology =
Filler text is text that shares some characteristics of a real written text, but is random or otherwise generated. It may be used to display a sample of fonts, generate text for testing, or to spoof an e-mail spam filter. The process of using filler text is sometimes called greeking, although the text itself may be nonsense, or largely Latin, as in Lorem ipsum.
= Syntax =

=== Parameter Order ===
Pangali, in line with its use of case marking, allows its speakers to vary their choice of word order. That being said, the default and most neutral order is OSV (Object-Subject-Verb):

[ⁿtɛ.mɔˈmi|wa.ᵐpuˈɟi|ka.ɹu.wi.ɹi.ɡaˈvi]

animal-ACC | father.ERG | CAUS-eat

''The father is feeding the animal''

[ŋa.k͡xu.ɡɔ.maˈmi|wa.ᵐpuˈɟi|i.ɹi.ɡaˈvi|hu|u.na.ŋaˈɡʷu|na.mu.wɛ.naˈvi]

1P.GEN-apple-ACC | father.ERG CAUS-eat | REL | INTRANS-I | fear

''I fear that my father is eating my apple.''

=== Topicalization ===
With the exception of the verb, which must be in the final position of a clause, phrases that are emphasized generally come first in a sentence.

'''Śikimi baúmaliku śuwiwaúśuwi''' (Neutral)

child-ACC bird.ERG DIM-bite

''The bird nipped the child''

-

'''Baúmaliku śikimi śuwiwaúśuwi''' (Emphasis on '''baúmaliku''')

bird.ERG child-ACC DIM-bite

''It was the bird that nipped the child''

Pangali

2019-09-12T03:04:02Z

Kóði: /* Dissimilation */

[[Category:Languages]]
[[Category:Conlangs]]
[[Category:Artlangs]]
[[Category:A_priori]]
[[Category:Language_Isolate]]

{{Infobox language
|name = Pangali
|nativename = Ńipańariâ, Pańari
|pronunciation = [ŋi.ba.ŋa.ɹɨˈʔa], [pa.ŋaˈði]
|creator = [[User:Kóði|Sámuel Hiette Kannosíni]] 
|created = August 8th, 2019
|setting =
|fam1 = [[Language Isolate]]
|script = [[w:Latin script|Latin script]] (Romanization, academic)
|brcl = blue
}}

'''Pangali''' (English: /pɑŋˈgɑli/, /peɪŋˈgɑli/, or /pɛnˈgɑli/) is <s>a poorly made attempt at channeling the creator's artistic nature</s> a constructed language developed by Sámuel Hiette Kannosíni for the purposes of his own <s>gasket-blowing frustration</s> enjoyment and glee.
= Introduction =
<big><center> '''[WARNING - ACHTUNG - AVERTISSEMENT]''' </center></big>
This article is '''very much''' a WIP, examples being inconsistency in formatting/style and references to features not yet fleshed out, as well as some small mentionings of a dialect called Luâi. I '''''realize''''' this is the case, however as someone who has ADHD (primarily inattentive type for the curious informed) and is ''extremely'' busy, my ability to consistently and coherently update this article is abysmal at best.

Thanks for understanding, people who obviously care as much as I do! /s

=== Fictional Setting ===
The Pangali language is the language used by the Pangalu, or the Pangali people, an indigenous people of the Pangali island chain, which is located roughly five hundred and thirty kilometers due west of the Phillipines.
Until 2003 they were considered an uncontacted people, but on March 17th, 2003 an exploratory party onboard a rudimentary sailing vessel voyaged from the northern island of Baluwikaûnu towards the Phillipines. Enroute to their destination, however, they were intercepted by the Philippine Coast Guard some two hundred kilometers northeast of the coast of Tandag City and, controversially, detained for a period of 5 months and 23 days.

Official justification for the length of the detainment was given by the Phillipine Department of Foreign Affairs (DFA) soon after the party’s release, stating:

<blockquote>“Due to the immense language and cultural barrier, as well as concern for the potential spread of disease to the isolated people, and questions regarding their motivation for travel made difficult by the aforementioned barriers, quarantine and detainment procedures were deemed not only the most efficient course of action, but also the safest, for all parties involved.”</blockquote>

The following months gave rise to an increase of international attention surrounding the Pangali people and the continuing communication efforts between them and the Philippine Government. It was later announced by the Philippine DFA that the isolated tribe “no longer wishes to be isolated”, and thus were subsequently placed underneath an international spotlight.

Naturally with the indigenous people now slowly but surely increasing contact with the modern world, records of their culture and language are a must in order to maintain a positive relationship, and thus the purpose of this wiki is, succinctly summarized, to address the linguistic side of such matters.

=== Classification ===
The language is classified as an agglutinative language isolate with a tripartite morphosyntatic alignment that declines nouns under a 12 case system and conjugates verbs for person, tense, aspect, and mood. Adjectives are not inflected and have zero-grade derivation for adverbial phrases.
The primary word order is OSV, however due to nouns being heavily inflected other word orders are possible, with SOV being the most prominently encountered alternate order. Whereas in many languages adpositions are used to indicate different relations between phrases, Pangali typically makes use of existing cases or a variation of Suffixaufnahme (also known as case stacking), wherein different cases are combined to carry the function of an adpositional function not normally covered by the standard twelve.

= Phonology =
In spite of its status as a language isolate, the phonological system of Pangali isn't terribly special in comparison to its neighbors in the Philippines or Australia. A simple syllable structure, few (phonemic) vowels, a fair amount of consonants, and stable vowel quality make this language both interesting and soundly (''ha, pun!'') mundane all at the same time.
=== Phoneme Inventory ===
Pangali's consonant inventory weighs in at a respectable 21 phonemic consonants. A unique feature that may be noted is the presence of phonemic prenasalized stops.

The vowels, on the other hand, number only three in terms of phonemic units. As with many languages with small vowel inventories, what vowels that Pangali does have are subject to significant allophonic variation.
{| class="wikitable" style="margin-left:auto; margin-right: auto; border: none; text-align:center"
|+Pangali Consonant Inventory
|-
! colspan=2 |
! Labial
! Alveolar
! Palatal
! Velar
! Glottal
|-
! colspan=2|Nasal
| m {{angbr|m}}
| n {{angbr|n}}
|
| ŋ {{angbr|ń}}
|
|-
! rowspan=2 | Plosive
! Plain
| p {{angbr|p}}
| t {{angbr|t}}
|
| k {{angbr|k}}
| ʔ {{angbr|ˆ}}
|-
! Prenasalized
| ᵐp {{angbr|b}}
| ⁿt {{angbr|d}}
|
| ᵑk {{angbr|g}}
|
|-
! colspan=2|Fricative
|
|
|
|
| h {{angbr |h,hj}}
|-
! colspan=2|Approximant
|
| ɹ {{angbr|r}}
| j {{angbr|j}}
| w {{angbr|w}}
|
|-

{| class="wikitable" style="margin-left:auto; margin-right: auto; border: none; text-align:center"
|+Pangali Vowel Inventory
|-
! || Front || Back
|-
! Close
| i {{angbr |i}}
| u {{angbr |u}}
|-
! Open
| a {{angbr |a}}
|
|-
|}

=== Romanization ===
The Pangalu currently have no official writing system but offers to be taught the romanization used in the recorded lexicon produced by academics have been met with enthusiasim.

=== Allophonic Variation ===
==== Plosives ====
Comprising 12 different allophonic variations, Pangali's plosives are the most unstable aspect of the language's phonological inventory.
===== Sonorization =====
Standard Pangali: Plain voiceless plosives become voiced in intervocalic positions.

{| class="wikitable" style="float:center; border: none; text-align:center"
|-
!Shift
!Example
|-
!p → b / V_V
|/ʔu'''p'''a/ → [ʔuˈ'''b'''a]
|-
!t → d / V_V
|/huwu'''t'''uwi/ → [hu.wu.'''d'''uˈɣʷi]1
|-
!k → g / V_V
|/ⁿta'''k'''u/ → [ⁿtaˈ'''g'''u]
|-
|}

===== Dissimilation =====

Word initially, /p t k/ spirantize to [f s x] when the following syllable shares the same onset. Under the same conditions intervocalically, /p t k/ instead affricate to [p͡f t͡s k͡x]:
{| class="wikitable" style="float:center; border: none; text-align:center"
|-
!Word Initial
!Example
!Intervocalic
!Example
|-
!p → f / _Vp
|/'''p'''apa/ → ['''f'''aˈba]
!p → p͡f / V_Vp
|/ᵐpi'''p'''apa/ → [ᵐpi.'''p͡f'''aˈba]
|-
!t → s / _Vt
|/'''t'''utiɹa/ → ['''s'''u.diˈða]
!t → t͡s / V_Vt
|/ᵐpi'''t'''utiɹa/ → [ᵐpi.'''t͡s'''u.diˈða]
|-
!k → x / _Vk
|/'''k'''uka/ → ['''x'''uˈga]
!k → k͡x / V_Vk
|/ᵐpi'''k'''uka/ → [ᵐpi.'''k͡x'''uˈga]
|-
|}

It is theorized that /p t k/ originally affricated in all positions but later spirantized word initially.

==== Approximants ====
==== Fortition ====
/ɹ j w/ fortify to [ð ʝ ɣʷ] when occurring in a stressed syllable:

{|class="wikitable" style="float:center; border: none; text-align:center"
! Shifts
! colspan=2 | Examples
|-
! rowspan=2 | ɹ → ð
|/pa'''ɹ'''a/ → [paˈ'''ð'''a]
|-
|/ki'''ɹ'''i/ → [kiˈ'''ð'''i]
|-
! rowspan=2 | j → ʝ
|/iɹata'''j'''u/ → [i.ɹa.daˈ'''ʝ'''u]
|-
|/ni'''j'''a/ → [niˈ'''ʝ'''a]
|-
! rowspan=2 | w → ɣʷ
|/i'''w'''i/ → [iˈ'''ɣʷ'''i]
|-
|/ku'''w'''a/ → [kuˈ'''ɣʷ'''a]
|-
|}

Notes:
The most common realization of /ɹ/ in stressed syllables is actually [ð̠], a voiced alveolar non-sibilant fricative, but for convenience is typically transcribed as simply [ð].

==== Vowels ====

==== Centralization ====
Vowels preceding /ʔ/ are centralized. /a/ is both centralized and raised:

{| class="wikitable" style="float:center; border: none; text-align:center"
|-
!Shift
!Example
|-
!a → ɐ /_ʔ
|/h'''a'''ʔamu/ → [h'''ɐ'''.ʔaˈmu]2
|-
!u → ʉ /_ʔ
|/han'''u'''ʔa/ → [ha.n'''ʉ'''ˈʔa]2
|-
!i → ɨ /_ʔ
|/p'''i'''ʔa/ → [p'''ɨ'''ˈʔa]
|-
|}

==== Lowering ====
/i/ and /u/ are lowered to [ɛ] and [ɔ], respectively, when preceding nasals and prenasalized consonants:

{| class="wikitable" style="float:center; border: none; text-align:center"
|-
!Shift
!colspan=2 | Examples
|-
!i → ɛ /_N
|/h'''i'''ⁿtu/ → [h'''ɛ'''ˈⁿtu] || /tat'''i'''nu/ → [sa.d'''ɛ'''ˈnu]
|-
!u → ɔ /_N
|/ʔ'''u'''ŋa/ → [ʔ'''ɔ'''ˈŋa] || /k'''u'''maki/ → [k'''ɔ'''.maˈgi]
|-
|}

=== Phonotactics ===

==== Syllable Structure ====
Pangali has a (C)V structure, where a syllable can only contain one vowel, which may or may not be preceded by a consonant. Word initial syllables may occur with either a null onset or with any single consonant except for /ɹ/ and /j/, while word internal syllables may only occur with single consonant onsets, with the exception of /h/, which may only appear word initially. Codas are forbidden in any context, with all syllables being open.

==== Epenthesis ====
In instances where a word ending in a null coda (i.e. all words) is followed by a word beginning with a null onset, an epenthetic /ŋ/ is inserted to replace the null onset. This process is treated as if there is no word boundary, and thus the presence of the epenthetic nasal lowers the preceding vowel if it is high, while in other instances word boundaries would prevent this.
*/hatawu/ + /utunasa/ = [sa.daˈɣʷɔ ŋu.dɔ.naˈða]
**/hatawu/ + /ŋaᵐpinaɹa/ = [sa.daˈɣʷu ŋa.ᵐpi.naˈða]

==== Loanwords ====
Due to the nature of this syllable structure non-conforming loanwords are often heavily altered; although it should be noted that calques are extremely more common in favor of familiarity when possible.
Note the simplification of clusters to the second consonant in the example below:

*Helicopter: /ˈheliˌkɔptə(ɹ)/ → /hiɹikuta/

==== Stress ====
Lexical stress in Pangali falls on the final syllable of the root, and this remains true even if derivational suffixes apply.

= Numbers =
Filler text is text that shares some characteristics of a real written text, but is random or otherwise generated. It may be used to display a sample of fonts, generate text for testing, or to spoof an e-mail spam filter. The process of using filler text is sometimes called greeking, although the text itself may be nonsense, or largely Latin, as in Lorem ipsum.
= Nouns =
Filler text is text that shares some characteristics of a real written text, but is random or otherwise generated. It may be used to display a sample of fonts, generate text for testing, or to spoof an e-mail spam filter. The process of using filler text is sometimes called greeking, although the text itself may be nonsense, or largely Latin, as in Lorem ipsum.
= Verbs =
While other languages such as [http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanish_Language Spanish] follow a [http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tense-Aspect-Mood Tense-Aspect-Mood (TAM)] system, in which the three categories are largely conflated amongst conjugation paradigms, Pangali primarily expresses these categories in an agglutinative fashion. Where each category can cleanly be separated morpheme by morpheme.

The 6 categories that verbs in Pangali conjugate for are: Person, Tense, Aspect, Mood, and Evidentiality.

=== Person ===
Filler text is text that shares some characteristics of a real written text, but is random or otherwise generated. It may be used to display a sample of fonts, generate text for testing, or to spoof an e-mail spam filter. The process of using filler text is sometimes called greeking, although the text itself may be nonsense, or largely Latin, as in Lorem ipsum.
=== Tense ===
Filler text is text that shares some characteristics of a real written text, but is random or otherwise generated. It may be used to display a sample of fonts, generate text for testing, or to spoof an e-mail spam filter. The process of using filler text is sometimes called greeking, although the text itself may be nonsense, or largely Latin, as in Lorem ipsum.
==== Present Tense ====
Filler text is text that shares some characteristics of a real written text, but is random or otherwise generated. It may be used to display a sample of fonts, generate text for testing, or to spoof an e-mail spam filter. The process of using filler text is sometimes called greeking, although the text itself may be nonsense, or largely Latin, as in Lorem ipsum.

==== Past Tense ====
Filler text is text that shares some characteristics of a real written text, but is random or otherwise generated. It may be used to display a sample of fonts, generate text for testing, or to spoof an e-mail spam filter. The process of using filler text is sometimes called greeking, although the text itself may be nonsense, or largely Latin, as in Lorem ipsum.

=== Aspect ===
Filler text is text that shares some characteristics of a real written text, but is random or otherwise generated. It may be used to display a sample of fonts, generate text for testing, or to spoof an e-mail spam filter. The process of using filler text is sometimes called greeking, although the text itself may be nonsense, or largely Latin, as in Lorem ipsum.
==== Episodic ====

===== Gnomic =====
===== Habitual =====

==== Stative ====

===== Inchoative =====
===== Cessative =====
===== Progressive =====
===== Continuous =====
===== Discontinuous =====

==== Relative ====

===== Retrospective =====

===== Prospective =====

=== Mood ===

=== Evidentiality ===

= Derivational Morphology =
Filler text is text that shares some characteristics of a real written text, but is random or otherwise generated. It may be used to display a sample of fonts, generate text for testing, or to spoof an e-mail spam filter. The process of using filler text is sometimes called greeking, although the text itself may be nonsense, or largely Latin, as in Lorem ipsum.
= Syntax =

=== Parameter Order ===
Pangali, in line with its use of case marking, allows its speakers to vary their choice of word order. That being said, the default and most neutral order is OSV (Object-Subject-Verb):

[ⁿtɛ.mɔˈmi|wa.ᵐpuˈɟi|ka.ɹu.wi.ɹi.ɡaˈvi]

animal-ACC | father.ERG | CAUS-eat

''The father is feeding the animal''

[ŋa.k͡xu.ɡɔ.maˈmi|wa.ᵐpuˈɟi|i.ɹi.ɡaˈvi|hu|u.na.ŋaˈɡʷu|na.mu.wɛ.naˈvi]

1P.GEN-apple-ACC | father.ERG CAUS-eat | REL | INTRANS-I | fear

''I fear that my father is eating my apple.''

=== Topicalization ===
With the exception of the verb, which must be in the final position of a clause, phrases that are emphasized generally come first in a sentence.

'''Śikimi baúmaliku śuwiwaúśuwi''' (Neutral)

child-ACC bird.ERG DIM-bite

''The bird nipped the child''

-

'''Baúmaliku śikimi śuwiwaúśuwi''' (Emphasis on '''baúmaliku''')

bird.ERG child-ACC DIM-bite

''It was the bird that nipped the child''

Pangali

2019-09-12T02:46:41Z

Kóði: /* Phoneme Inventory */

[[Category:Languages]]
[[Category:Conlangs]]
[[Category:Artlangs]]
[[Category:A_priori]]
[[Category:Language_Isolate]]

{{Infobox language
|name = Pangali
|nativename = Ńipańariâ, Pańari
|pronunciation = [ŋi.ba.ŋa.ɹɨˈʔa], [pa.ŋaˈði]
|creator = [[User:Kóði|Sámuel Hiette Kannosíni]] 
|created = August 8th, 2019
|setting =
|fam1 = [[Language Isolate]]
|script = [[w:Latin script|Latin script]] (Romanization, academic)
|brcl = blue
}}

'''Pangali''' (English: /pɑŋˈgɑli/, /peɪŋˈgɑli/, or /pɛnˈgɑli/) is <s>a poorly made attempt at channeling the creator's artistic nature</s> a constructed language developed by Sámuel Hiette Kannosíni for the purposes of his own <s>gasket-blowing frustration</s> enjoyment and glee.
= Introduction =
<big><center> '''[WARNING - ACHTUNG - AVERTISSEMENT]''' </center></big>
This article is '''very much''' a WIP, examples being inconsistency in formatting/style and references to features not yet fleshed out, as well as some small mentionings of a dialect called Luâi. I '''''realize''''' this is the case, however as someone who has ADHD (primarily inattentive type for the curious informed) and is ''extremely'' busy, my ability to consistently and coherently update this article is abysmal at best.

Thanks for understanding, people who obviously care as much as I do! /s

=== Fictional Setting ===
The Pangali language is the language used by the Pangalu, or the Pangali people, an indigenous people of the Pangali island chain, which is located roughly five hundred and thirty kilometers due west of the Phillipines.
Until 2003 they were considered an uncontacted people, but on March 17th, 2003 an exploratory party onboard a rudimentary sailing vessel voyaged from the northern island of Baluwikaûnu towards the Phillipines. Enroute to their destination, however, they were intercepted by the Philippine Coast Guard some two hundred kilometers northeast of the coast of Tandag City and, controversially, detained for a period of 5 months and 23 days.

Official justification for the length of the detainment was given by the Phillipine Department of Foreign Affairs (DFA) soon after the party’s release, stating:

<blockquote>“Due to the immense language and cultural barrier, as well as concern for the potential spread of disease to the isolated people, and questions regarding their motivation for travel made difficult by the aforementioned barriers, quarantine and detainment procedures were deemed not only the most efficient course of action, but also the safest, for all parties involved.”</blockquote>

The following months gave rise to an increase of international attention surrounding the Pangali people and the continuing communication efforts between them and the Philippine Government. It was later announced by the Philippine DFA that the isolated tribe “no longer wishes to be isolated”, and thus were subsequently placed underneath an international spotlight.

Naturally with the indigenous people now slowly but surely increasing contact with the modern world, records of their culture and language are a must in order to maintain a positive relationship, and thus the purpose of this wiki is, succinctly summarized, to address the linguistic side of such matters.

=== Classification ===
The language is classified as an agglutinative language isolate with a tripartite morphosyntatic alignment that declines nouns under a 12 case system and conjugates verbs for person, tense, aspect, and mood. Adjectives are not inflected and have zero-grade derivation for adverbial phrases.
The primary word order is OSV, however due to nouns being heavily inflected other word orders are possible, with SOV being the most prominently encountered alternate order. Whereas in many languages adpositions are used to indicate different relations between phrases, Pangali typically makes use of existing cases or a variation of Suffixaufnahme (also known as case stacking), wherein different cases are combined to carry the function of an adpositional function not normally covered by the standard twelve.

= Phonology =
In spite of its status as a language isolate, the phonological system of Pangali isn't terribly special in comparison to its neighbors in the Philippines or Australia. A simple syllable structure, few (phonemic) vowels, a fair amount of consonants, and stable vowel quality make this language both interesting and soundly (''ha, pun!'') mundane all at the same time.
=== Phoneme Inventory ===
Pangali's consonant inventory weighs in at a respectable 21 phonemic consonants. A unique feature that may be noted is the presence of phonemic prenasalized stops.

The vowels, on the other hand, number only three in terms of phonemic units. As with many languages with small vowel inventories, what vowels that Pangali does have are subject to significant allophonic variation.
{| class="wikitable" style="margin-left:auto; margin-right: auto; border: none; text-align:center"
|+Pangali Consonant Inventory
|-
! colspan=2 |
! Labial
! Alveolar
! Palatal
! Velar
! Glottal
|-
! colspan=2|Nasal
| m {{angbr|m}}
| n {{angbr|n}}
|
| ŋ {{angbr|ń}}
|
|-
! rowspan=2 | Plosive
! Plain
| p {{angbr|p}}
| t {{angbr|t}}
|
| k {{angbr|k}}
| ʔ {{angbr|ˆ}}
|-
! Prenasalized
| ᵐp {{angbr|b}}
| ⁿt {{angbr|d}}
|
| ᵑk {{angbr|g}}
|
|-
! colspan=2|Fricative
|
|
|
|
| h {{angbr |h,hj}}
|-
! colspan=2|Approximant
|
| ɹ {{angbr|r}}
| j {{angbr|j}}
| w {{angbr|w}}
|
|-

{| class="wikitable" style="margin-left:auto; margin-right: auto; border: none; text-align:center"
|+Pangali Vowel Inventory
|-
! || Front || Back
|-
! Close
| i {{angbr |i}}
| u {{angbr |u}}
|-
! Open
| a {{angbr |a}}
|
|-
|}

=== Romanization ===
The Pangalu currently have no official writing system but offers to be taught the romanization used in the recorded lexicon produced by academics have been met with enthusiasim.

=== Allophonic Variation ===
==== Plosives ====
Comprising 12 different allophonic variations, Pangali's plosives are the most unstable aspect of the language's phonological inventory.
===== Sonorization =====
Standard Pangali: Plain voiceless plosives become voiced in intervocalic positions.

{| class="wikitable" style="float:center; border: none; text-align:center"
|-
!Shift
!Example
|-
!p → b / V_V
|/ʔu'''p'''a/ → [ʔuˈ'''b'''a]
|-
!t → d / V_V
|/huwu'''t'''uwi/ → [hu.wu.'''d'''uˈɣʷi]1
|-
!k → g / V_V
|/ⁿta'''k'''u/ → [ⁿtaˈ'''g'''u]
|-
|}

===== Dissimilation =====

Word initially, /p t k/ spirantize to [f s x] when the following syllable shares the same onset. Under the same conditions intervocalically, /p t k/ instead affricate to [p͡f t͡s k͡x]:
{| class="wikitable" style="float:center; border: none; text-align:center"
|-
!Word Initial
!Example
!Intervocalic
!Example
|-
!p → f / _Vp
|/'''p'''apa/ → ['''f'''aˈba]
!p → p͡f / V_Vp
|/ᵐpi'''p'''apa/ → [ᵐpi.'''p͡f'''aˈba]
|-
!t → s / _Vt
|/'''t'''utiɹa/ → ['''s'''u.diˈða]
!t → t͡s / V_Vt
|/ᵐpi'''t'''utiɹa/ → [ᵐpi.'''t͡s'''u.diˈða]
|-
!k → x / _Vk
|/'''k'''uka/ → ['''x'''uˈga]
!k → k͡x / V_Vk
|/ᵐpi'''k'''uka/ → [ᵐpi.'''k͡x'''uˈga]
|-
|}

It is theorized that /p t k/ originally affricated in all positions but later spirantized word initially.

==== Approximants ====
==== Fortition ====
/ɹ j w/ fortify to [ð ʝ ɣʷ] when occurring in a stressed syllable:

{|class="wikitable" style="float:center; border: none; text-align:center"
! Shifts
! colspan=2 | Examples
|-
! rowspan=2 | ɹ → ð
|/pa'''ɹ'''a/ → [paˈ'''ð'''a]
|-
|/ki'''ɹ'''i/ → [kiˈ'''ð'''i]
|-
! rowspan=2 | j → ʝ
|/iɹata'''j'''u/ → [i.ɹa.daˈ'''ʝ'''u]
|-
|/ni'''j'''a/ → [niˈ'''ʝ'''a]
|-
! rowspan=2 | w → ɣʷ
|/i'''w'''i/ → [iˈ'''ɣʷ'''i]
|-
|/ku'''w'''a/ → [kuˈ'''ɣʷ'''a]
|-
|}

Notes:
The most common realization of /ɹ/ in stressed syllables is actually [ð̠], a voiced alveolar non-sibilant fricative, but for convenience is typically transcribed as simply [ð].

==== Vowels ====

==== Centralization ====
Vowels preceding /ʔ/ are centralized. /a/ is both centralized and raised:

{| class="wikitable" style="float:center; border: none; text-align:center"
|-
!Shift
!Example
|-
!a → ɐ /_ʔ
|/h'''a'''ʔamu/ → [h'''ɐ'''.ʔaˈmu]2
|-
!u → ʉ /_ʔ
|/han'''u'''ʔa/ → [ha.n'''ʉ'''ˈʔa]2
|-
!i → ɨ /_ʔ
|/p'''i'''ʔa/ → [p'''ɨ'''ˈʔa]
|-
|}

==== Lowering ====
/i/ and /u/ are lowered to [ɛ] and [ɔ], respectively, when preceding nasals and prenasalized consonants:

{| class="wikitable" style="float:center; border: none; text-align:center"
|-
!Shift
!colspan=2 | Examples
|-
!i → ɛ /_N
|/h'''i'''ⁿtu/ → [h'''ɛ'''ˈⁿtu] || /tat'''i'''nu/ → [sa.d'''ɛ'''ˈnu]
|-
!u → ɔ /_N
|/ʔ'''u'''ŋa/ → [ʔ'''ɔ'''ˈŋa] || /k'''u'''maki/ → [k'''ɔ'''.maˈgi]
|-
|}

=== Phonotactics ===

==== Syllable Structure ====
Pangali has a (C)V structure, where a syllable can only contain one vowel, which may or may not be preceded by a consonant. Word initial syllables may occur with either a null onset or with any single consonant except for /ɹ/ and /j/, while word internal syllables may only occur with single consonant onsets, with the exception of /h/, which may only appear word initially. Codas are forbidden in any context, with all syllables being open.

==== Epenthesis ====
In instances where a word ending in a null coda (i.e. all words) is followed by a word beginning with a null onset, an epenthetic /ŋ/ is inserted to replace the null onset. This process is treated as if there is no word boundary, and thus the presence of the epenthetic nasal lowers the preceding vowel if it is high, while in other instances word boundaries would prevent this.
*/hatawu/ + /utunasa/ = [sa.daˈɣʷɔ ŋu.dɔ.naˈða]
**/hatawu/ + /ŋaᵐpinaɹa/ = [sa.daˈɣʷu ŋa.ᵐpi.naˈða]

==== Loanwords ====
Due to the nature of this syllable structure non-conforming loanwords are often heavily altered; although it should be noted that calques are extremely more common in favor of familiarity when possible.
Note the simplification of clusters to the second consonant in the example below:

*Helicopter: /ˈheliˌkɔptə(ɹ)/ → /hiɹikuta/

==== Stress ====
Lexical stress in Pangali falls on the final syllable of the root, and this remains true even if derivational suffixes apply.

= Numbers =
Filler text is text that shares some characteristics of a real written text, but is random or otherwise generated. It may be used to display a sample of fonts, generate text for testing, or to spoof an e-mail spam filter. The process of using filler text is sometimes called greeking, although the text itself may be nonsense, or largely Latin, as in Lorem ipsum.
= Nouns =
Filler text is text that shares some characteristics of a real written text, but is random or otherwise generated. It may be used to display a sample of fonts, generate text for testing, or to spoof an e-mail spam filter. The process of using filler text is sometimes called greeking, although the text itself may be nonsense, or largely Latin, as in Lorem ipsum.
= Verbs =
While other languages such as [http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanish_Language Spanish] follow a [http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tense-Aspect-Mood Tense-Aspect-Mood (TAM)] system, in which the three categories are largely conflated amongst conjugation paradigms, Pangali primarily expresses these categories in an agglutinative fashion. Where each category can cleanly be separated morpheme by morpheme.

The 6 categories that verbs in Pangali conjugate for are: Person, Tense, Aspect, Mood, and Evidentiality.

=== Person ===
Filler text is text that shares some characteristics of a real written text, but is random or otherwise generated. It may be used to display a sample of fonts, generate text for testing, or to spoof an e-mail spam filter. The process of using filler text is sometimes called greeking, although the text itself may be nonsense, or largely Latin, as in Lorem ipsum.
=== Tense ===
Filler text is text that shares some characteristics of a real written text, but is random or otherwise generated. It may be used to display a sample of fonts, generate text for testing, or to spoof an e-mail spam filter. The process of using filler text is sometimes called greeking, although the text itself may be nonsense, or largely Latin, as in Lorem ipsum.
==== Present Tense ====
Filler text is text that shares some characteristics of a real written text, but is random or otherwise generated. It may be used to display a sample of fonts, generate text for testing, or to spoof an e-mail spam filter. The process of using filler text is sometimes called greeking, although the text itself may be nonsense, or largely Latin, as in Lorem ipsum.

==== Past Tense ====
Filler text is text that shares some characteristics of a real written text, but is random or otherwise generated. It may be used to display a sample of fonts, generate text for testing, or to spoof an e-mail spam filter. The process of using filler text is sometimes called greeking, although the text itself may be nonsense, or largely Latin, as in Lorem ipsum.

=== Aspect ===
Filler text is text that shares some characteristics of a real written text, but is random or otherwise generated. It may be used to display a sample of fonts, generate text for testing, or to spoof an e-mail spam filter. The process of using filler text is sometimes called greeking, although the text itself may be nonsense, or largely Latin, as in Lorem ipsum.
==== Episodic ====

===== Gnomic =====
===== Habitual =====

==== Stative ====

===== Inchoative =====
===== Cessative =====
===== Progressive =====
===== Continuous =====
===== Discontinuous =====

==== Relative ====

===== Retrospective =====

===== Prospective =====

=== Mood ===

=== Evidentiality ===

= Derivational Morphology =
Filler text is text that shares some characteristics of a real written text, but is random or otherwise generated. It may be used to display a sample of fonts, generate text for testing, or to spoof an e-mail spam filter. The process of using filler text is sometimes called greeking, although the text itself may be nonsense, or largely Latin, as in Lorem ipsum.
= Syntax =

=== Parameter Order ===
Pangali, in line with its use of case marking, allows its speakers to vary their choice of word order. That being said, the default and most neutral order is OSV (Object-Subject-Verb):

[ⁿtɛ.mɔˈmi|wa.ᵐpuˈɟi|ka.ɹu.wi.ɹi.ɡaˈvi]

animal-ACC | father.ERG | CAUS-eat

''The father is feeding the animal''

[ŋa.k͡xu.ɡɔ.maˈmi|wa.ᵐpuˈɟi|i.ɹi.ɡaˈvi|hu|u.na.ŋaˈɡʷu|na.mu.wɛ.naˈvi]

1P.GEN-apple-ACC | father.ERG CAUS-eat | REL | INTRANS-I | fear

''I fear that my father is eating my apple.''

=== Topicalization ===
With the exception of the verb, which must be in the final position of a clause, phrases that are emphasized generally come first in a sentence.

'''Śikimi baúmaliku śuwiwaúśuwi''' (Neutral)

child-ACC bird.ERG DIM-bite

''The bird nipped the child''

-

'''Baúmaliku śikimi śuwiwaúśuwi''' (Emphasis on '''baúmaliku''')

bird.ERG child-ACC DIM-bite

''It was the bird that nipped the child''

Pangali

2019-09-10T23:51:29Z

Kóði: /* Syllable Structure */

[[Category:Languages]]
[[Category:Conlangs]]
[[Category:Artlangs]]
[[Category:A_priori]]
[[Category:Language_Isolate]]

{{Infobox language
|name = Pangali
|nativename = Ńipańariâ, Pańari
|pronunciation = [ŋi.ba.ŋa.ɹɨˈʔa], [pa.ŋaˈði]
|creator = [[User:Kóði|Sámuel Hiette Kannosíni]] 
|created = August 8th, 2019
|setting =
|fam1 = [[Language Isolate]]
|script = [[w:Latin script|Latin script]] (Romanization, academic)
|brcl = blue
}}

'''Pangali''' (English: /pɑŋˈgɑli/, /peɪŋˈgɑli/, or /pɛnˈgɑli/) is <s>a poorly made attempt at channeling the creator's artistic nature</s> a constructed language developed by Sámuel Hiette Kannosíni for the purposes of his own <s>gasket-blowing frustration</s> enjoyment and glee.
= Introduction =
<big><center> '''[WARNING - ACHTUNG - AVERTISSEMENT]''' </center></big>
This article is '''very much''' a WIP, examples being inconsistency in formatting/style and references to features not yet fleshed out, as well as some small mentionings of a dialect called Luâi. I '''''realize''''' this is the case, however as someone who has ADHD (primarily inattentive type for the curious informed) and is ''extremely'' busy, my ability to consistently and coherently update this article is abysmal at best.

Thanks for understanding, people who obviously care as much as I do! /s

=== Fictional Setting ===
The Pangali language is the language used by the Pangalu, or the Pangali people, an indigenous people of the Pangali island chain, which is located roughly five hundred and thirty kilometers due west of the Phillipines.
Until 2003 they were considered an uncontacted people, but on March 17th, 2003 an exploratory party onboard a rudimentary sailing vessel voyaged from the northern island of Baluwikaûnu towards the Phillipines. Enroute to their destination, however, they were intercepted by the Philippine Coast Guard some two hundred kilometers northeast of the coast of Tandag City and, controversially, detained for a period of 5 months and 23 days.

Official justification for the length of the detainment was given by the Phillipine Department of Foreign Affairs (DFA) soon after the party’s release, stating:

<blockquote>“Due to the immense language and cultural barrier, as well as concern for the potential spread of disease to the isolated people, and questions regarding their motivation for travel made difficult by the aforementioned barriers, quarantine and detainment procedures were deemed not only the most efficient course of action, but also the safest, for all parties involved.”</blockquote>

The following months gave rise to an increase of international attention surrounding the Pangali people and the continuing communication efforts between them and the Philippine Government. It was later announced by the Philippine DFA that the isolated tribe “no longer wishes to be isolated”, and thus were subsequently placed underneath an international spotlight.

Naturally with the indigenous people now slowly but surely increasing contact with the modern world, records of their culture and language are a must in order to maintain a positive relationship, and thus the purpose of this wiki is, succinctly summarized, to address the linguistic side of such matters.

=== Classification ===
The language is classified as an agglutinative language isolate with a tripartite morphosyntatic alignment that declines nouns under a 12 case system and conjugates verbs for person, tense, aspect, and mood. Adjectives are not inflected and have zero-grade derivation for adverbial phrases.
The primary word order is OSV, however due to nouns being heavily inflected other word orders are possible, with SOV being the most prominently encountered alternate order. Whereas in many languages adpositions are used to indicate different relations between phrases, Pangali typically makes use of existing cases or a variation of Suffixaufnahme (also known as case stacking), wherein different cases are combined to carry the function of an adpositional function not normally covered by the standard twelve.

= Phonology =
In spite of its status as a language isolate, the phonological system of Pangali isn't terribly special in comparison to its neighbors in the Philippines or Australia. A simple syllable structure, few (phonemic) vowels, a fair amount of consonants, and stable vowel quality make this language both interesting and soundly (''ha, pun!'') mundane all at the same time.
=== Phoneme Inventory ===
Pangali's consonant inventory weighs in at a respectable 21 phonemic consonants. A unique feature that may be noted is the presence of phonemic prenasalized stops.

The vowels, on the other hand, number only three in terms of phonemic units. As with many languages with small vowel inventories, what vowels that Pangali does have are subject to significant allophonic variation.
{| class="wikitable" style="margin-left:auto; margin-right: auto; border: none; text-align:center"
|+Pangali Consonant Inventory
|-
! colspan=2 |
! Labial
! Alveolar
! Velar
! Glottal
|-
! colspan=2|Nasal
| m {{angbr|m}}
| n {{angbr|n}}
| ŋ {{angbr|ń}}
|
|-
! rowspan=2 | Plosive
! Plain
| p {{angbr|p}}
| t {{angbr|t}}
| k {{angbr|k}}
| ʔ {{angbr|ˆ}}
|-
! Prenasalized
| ᵐp {{angbr|b}}
| ⁿt {{angbr|d}}
| ᵑk {{angbr|g}}
|
|-
! colspan=2|Fricative
|
|
|
| h {{angbr |hr,hj}}
|-
! colspan=2|Approximant
|
|/ɹ/ {{angbr|r}}
|/w/ {{angbr|w}}
|
|-

{| class="wikitable" style="margin-left:auto; margin-right: auto; border: none; text-align:center"
|+Pangali Vowel Inventory
|-
! || Front || Back
|-
! Close
| /i/ {{angbr |i}}
| /u/ {{angbr |u}}
|-
! Open
|/a/ {{angbr |a}}
|
|-
|}

=== Romanization ===
The Pangalu currently have no official writing system but offers to be taught the romanization used in the recorded lexicon produced by academics have been met with enthusiasim.

=== Allophonic Variation ===
==== Plosives ====
Comprising 12 different allophonic variations, Pangali's plosives are the most unstable aspect of the language's phonological inventory.
===== Sonorization =====
Standard Pangali: Plain voiceless plosives become voiced in intervocalic positions.

{| class="wikitable" style="float:center; border: none; text-align:center"
|-
!Shift
!Example
|-
!p → b / V_V
|/ʔu'''p'''a/ → [ʔuˈ'''b'''a]
|-
!t → d / V_V
|/huwu'''t'''uwi/ → [hu.wu.'''d'''uˈɣʷi]1
|-
!k → g / V_V
|/ⁿta'''k'''u/ → [ⁿtaˈ'''g'''u]
|-
|}

===== Dissimilation =====

Word initially, /p t k/ spirantize to [f s x] when the following syllable shares the same onset. Under the same conditions intervocalically, /p t k/ instead affricate to [p͡f t͡s k͡x]:
{| class="wikitable" style="float:center; border: none; text-align:center"
|-
!Word Initial
!Example
!Intervocalic
!Example
|-
!p → f / _Vp
|/'''p'''apa/ → ['''f'''aˈba]
!p → p͡f / V_Vp
|/ᵐpi'''p'''apa/ → [ᵐpi.'''p͡f'''aˈba]
|-
!t → s / _Vt
|/'''t'''utiɹa/ → ['''s'''u.diˈða]
!t → t͡s / V_Vt
|/ᵐpi'''t'''utiɹa/ → [ᵐpi.'''t͡s'''u.diˈða]
|-
!k → x / _Vk
|/'''k'''uka/ → ['''x'''uˈga]
!k → k͡x / V_Vk
|/ᵐpi'''k'''uka/ → [ᵐpi.'''k͡x'''uˈga]
|-
|}

It is theorized that /p t k/ originally affricated in all positions but later spirantized word initially.

==== Approximants ====
==== Fortition ====
/ɹ j w/ fortify to [ð ʝ ɣʷ] when occurring in a stressed syllable:

{|class="wikitable" style="float:center; border: none; text-align:center"
! Shifts
! colspan=2 | Examples
|-
! rowspan=2 | ɹ → ð
|/pa'''ɹ'''a/ → [paˈ'''ð'''a]
|-
|/ki'''ɹ'''i/ → [kiˈ'''ð'''i]
|-
! rowspan=2 | j → ʝ
|/iɹata'''j'''u/ → [i.ɹa.daˈ'''ʝ'''u]
|-
|/ni'''j'''a/ → [niˈ'''ʝ'''a]
|-
! rowspan=2 | w → ɣʷ
|/i'''w'''i/ → [iˈ'''ɣʷ'''i]
|-
|/ku'''w'''a/ → [kuˈ'''ɣʷ'''a]
|-
|}

Notes:
The most common realization of /ɹ/ in stressed syllables is actually [ð̠], a voiced alveolar non-sibilant fricative, but for convenience is typically transcribed as simply [ð].

==== Vowels ====

==== Centralization ====
Vowels preceding /ʔ/ are centralized. /a/ is both centralized and raised:

{| class="wikitable" style="float:center; border: none; text-align:center"
|-
!Shift
!Example
|-
!a → ɐ /_ʔ
|/h'''a'''ʔamu/ → [h'''ɐ'''.ʔaˈmu]2
|-
!u → ʉ /_ʔ
|/han'''u'''ʔa/ → [ha.n'''ʉ'''ˈʔa]2
|-
!i → ɨ /_ʔ
|/p'''i'''ʔa/ → [p'''ɨ'''ˈʔa]
|-
|}

==== Lowering ====
/i/ and /u/ are lowered to [ɛ] and [ɔ], respectively, when preceding nasals and prenasalized consonants:

{| class="wikitable" style="float:center; border: none; text-align:center"
|-
!Shift
!colspan=2 | Examples
|-
!i → ɛ /_N
|/h'''i'''ⁿtu/ → [h'''ɛ'''ˈⁿtu] || /tat'''i'''nu/ → [sa.d'''ɛ'''ˈnu]
|-
!u → ɔ /_N
|/ʔ'''u'''ŋa/ → [ʔ'''ɔ'''ˈŋa] || /k'''u'''maki/ → [k'''ɔ'''.maˈgi]
|-
|}

=== Phonotactics ===

==== Syllable Structure ====
Pangali has a (C)V structure, where a syllable can only contain one vowel, which may or may not be preceded by a consonant. Word initial syllables may occur with either a null onset or with any single consonant except for /ɹ/ and /j/, while word internal syllables may only occur with single consonant onsets, with the exception of /h/, which may only appear word initially. Codas are forbidden in any context, with all syllables being open.

==== Epenthesis ====
In instances where a word ending in a null coda (i.e. all words) is followed by a word beginning with a null onset, an epenthetic /ŋ/ is inserted to replace the null onset. This process is treated as if there is no word boundary, and thus the presence of the epenthetic nasal lowers the preceding vowel if it is high, while in other instances word boundaries would prevent this.
*/hatawu/ + /utunasa/ = [sa.daˈɣʷɔ ŋu.dɔ.naˈða]
**/hatawu/ + /ŋaᵐpinaɹa/ = [sa.daˈɣʷu ŋa.ᵐpi.naˈða]

==== Loanwords ====
Due to the nature of this syllable structure non-conforming loanwords are often heavily altered; although it should be noted that calques are extremely more common in favor of familiarity when possible.
Note the simplification of clusters to the second consonant in the example below:

*Helicopter: /ˈheliˌkɔptə(ɹ)/ → /hiɹikuta/

==== Stress ====
Lexical stress in Pangali falls on the final syllable of the root, and this remains true even if derivational suffixes apply.

= Numbers =
Filler text is text that shares some characteristics of a real written text, but is random or otherwise generated. It may be used to display a sample of fonts, generate text for testing, or to spoof an e-mail spam filter. The process of using filler text is sometimes called greeking, although the text itself may be nonsense, or largely Latin, as in Lorem ipsum.
= Nouns =
Filler text is text that shares some characteristics of a real written text, but is random or otherwise generated. It may be used to display a sample of fonts, generate text for testing, or to spoof an e-mail spam filter. The process of using filler text is sometimes called greeking, although the text itself may be nonsense, or largely Latin, as in Lorem ipsum.
= Verbs =
While other languages such as [http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanish_Language Spanish] follow a [http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tense-Aspect-Mood Tense-Aspect-Mood (TAM)] system, in which the three categories are largely conflated amongst conjugation paradigms, Pangali primarily expresses these categories in an agglutinative fashion. Where each category can cleanly be separated morpheme by morpheme.

The 6 categories that verbs in Pangali conjugate for are: Person, Tense, Aspect, Mood, and Evidentiality.

=== Person ===
Filler text is text that shares some characteristics of a real written text, but is random or otherwise generated. It may be used to display a sample of fonts, generate text for testing, or to spoof an e-mail spam filter. The process of using filler text is sometimes called greeking, although the text itself may be nonsense, or largely Latin, as in Lorem ipsum.
=== Tense ===
Filler text is text that shares some characteristics of a real written text, but is random or otherwise generated. It may be used to display a sample of fonts, generate text for testing, or to spoof an e-mail spam filter. The process of using filler text is sometimes called greeking, although the text itself may be nonsense, or largely Latin, as in Lorem ipsum.
==== Present Tense ====
Filler text is text that shares some characteristics of a real written text, but is random or otherwise generated. It may be used to display a sample of fonts, generate text for testing, or to spoof an e-mail spam filter. The process of using filler text is sometimes called greeking, although the text itself may be nonsense, or largely Latin, as in Lorem ipsum.

==== Past Tense ====
Filler text is text that shares some characteristics of a real written text, but is random or otherwise generated. It may be used to display a sample of fonts, generate text for testing, or to spoof an e-mail spam filter. The process of using filler text is sometimes called greeking, although the text itself may be nonsense, or largely Latin, as in Lorem ipsum.

=== Aspect ===
Filler text is text that shares some characteristics of a real written text, but is random or otherwise generated. It may be used to display a sample of fonts, generate text for testing, or to spoof an e-mail spam filter. The process of using filler text is sometimes called greeking, although the text itself may be nonsense, or largely Latin, as in Lorem ipsum.
==== Episodic ====

===== Gnomic =====
===== Habitual =====

==== Stative ====

===== Inchoative =====
===== Cessative =====
===== Progressive =====
===== Continuous =====
===== Discontinuous =====

==== Relative ====

===== Retrospective =====

===== Prospective =====

=== Mood ===

=== Evidentiality ===

= Derivational Morphology =
Filler text is text that shares some characteristics of a real written text, but is random or otherwise generated. It may be used to display a sample of fonts, generate text for testing, or to spoof an e-mail spam filter. The process of using filler text is sometimes called greeking, although the text itself may be nonsense, or largely Latin, as in Lorem ipsum.
= Syntax =

=== Parameter Order ===
Pangali, in line with its use of case marking, allows its speakers to vary their choice of word order. That being said, the default and most neutral order is OSV (Object-Subject-Verb):

[ⁿtɛ.mɔˈmi|wa.ᵐpuˈɟi|ka.ɹu.wi.ɹi.ɡaˈvi]

animal-ACC | father.ERG | CAUS-eat

''The father is feeding the animal''

[ŋa.k͡xu.ɡɔ.maˈmi|wa.ᵐpuˈɟi|i.ɹi.ɡaˈvi|hu|u.na.ŋaˈɡʷu|na.mu.wɛ.naˈvi]

1P.GEN-apple-ACC | father.ERG CAUS-eat | REL | INTRANS-I | fear

''I fear that my father is eating my apple.''

=== Topicalization ===
With the exception of the verb, which must be in the final position of a clause, phrases that are emphasized generally come first in a sentence.

'''Śikimi baúmaliku śuwiwaúśuwi''' (Neutral)

child-ACC bird.ERG DIM-bite

''The bird nipped the child''

-

'''Baúmaliku śikimi śuwiwaúśuwi''' (Emphasis on '''baúmaliku''')

bird.ERG child-ACC DIM-bite

''It was the bird that nipped the child''

Pangali

2019-09-10T23:50:49Z

Kóði: /* Syllable Structure */

[[Category:Languages]]
[[Category:Conlangs]]
[[Category:Artlangs]]
[[Category:A_priori]]
[[Category:Language_Isolate]]

{{Infobox language
|name = Pangali
|nativename = Ńipańariâ, Pańari
|pronunciation = [ŋi.ba.ŋa.ɹɨˈʔa], [pa.ŋaˈði]
|creator = [[User:Kóði|Sámuel Hiette Kannosíni]] 
|created = August 8th, 2019
|setting =
|fam1 = [[Language Isolate]]
|script = [[w:Latin script|Latin script]] (Romanization, academic)
|brcl = blue
}}

'''Pangali''' (English: /pɑŋˈgɑli/, /peɪŋˈgɑli/, or /pɛnˈgɑli/) is <s>a poorly made attempt at channeling the creator's artistic nature</s> a constructed language developed by Sámuel Hiette Kannosíni for the purposes of his own <s>gasket-blowing frustration</s> enjoyment and glee.
= Introduction =
<big><center> '''[WARNING - ACHTUNG - AVERTISSEMENT]''' </center></big>
This article is '''very much''' a WIP, examples being inconsistency in formatting/style and references to features not yet fleshed out, as well as some small mentionings of a dialect called Luâi. I '''''realize''''' this is the case, however as someone who has ADHD (primarily inattentive type for the curious informed) and is ''extremely'' busy, my ability to consistently and coherently update this article is abysmal at best.

Thanks for understanding, people who obviously care as much as I do! /s

=== Fictional Setting ===
The Pangali language is the language used by the Pangalu, or the Pangali people, an indigenous people of the Pangali island chain, which is located roughly five hundred and thirty kilometers due west of the Phillipines.
Until 2003 they were considered an uncontacted people, but on March 17th, 2003 an exploratory party onboard a rudimentary sailing vessel voyaged from the northern island of Baluwikaûnu towards the Phillipines. Enroute to their destination, however, they were intercepted by the Philippine Coast Guard some two hundred kilometers northeast of the coast of Tandag City and, controversially, detained for a period of 5 months and 23 days.

Official justification for the length of the detainment was given by the Phillipine Department of Foreign Affairs (DFA) soon after the party’s release, stating:

<blockquote>“Due to the immense language and cultural barrier, as well as concern for the potential spread of disease to the isolated people, and questions regarding their motivation for travel made difficult by the aforementioned barriers, quarantine and detainment procedures were deemed not only the most efficient course of action, but also the safest, for all parties involved.”</blockquote>

The following months gave rise to an increase of international attention surrounding the Pangali people and the continuing communication efforts between them and the Philippine Government. It was later announced by the Philippine DFA that the isolated tribe “no longer wishes to be isolated”, and thus were subsequently placed underneath an international spotlight.

Naturally with the indigenous people now slowly but surely increasing contact with the modern world, records of their culture and language are a must in order to maintain a positive relationship, and thus the purpose of this wiki is, succinctly summarized, to address the linguistic side of such matters.

=== Classification ===
The language is classified as an agglutinative language isolate with a tripartite morphosyntatic alignment that declines nouns under a 12 case system and conjugates verbs for person, tense, aspect, and mood. Adjectives are not inflected and have zero-grade derivation for adverbial phrases.
The primary word order is OSV, however due to nouns being heavily inflected other word orders are possible, with SOV being the most prominently encountered alternate order. Whereas in many languages adpositions are used to indicate different relations between phrases, Pangali typically makes use of existing cases or a variation of Suffixaufnahme (also known as case stacking), wherein different cases are combined to carry the function of an adpositional function not normally covered by the standard twelve.

= Phonology =
In spite of its status as a language isolate, the phonological system of Pangali isn't terribly special in comparison to its neighbors in the Philippines or Australia. A simple syllable structure, few (phonemic) vowels, a fair amount of consonants, and stable vowel quality make this language both interesting and soundly (''ha, pun!'') mundane all at the same time.
=== Phoneme Inventory ===
Pangali's consonant inventory weighs in at a respectable 21 phonemic consonants. A unique feature that may be noted is the presence of phonemic prenasalized stops.

The vowels, on the other hand, number only three in terms of phonemic units. As with many languages with small vowel inventories, what vowels that Pangali does have are subject to significant allophonic variation.
{| class="wikitable" style="margin-left:auto; margin-right: auto; border: none; text-align:center"
|+Pangali Consonant Inventory
|-
! colspan=2 |
! Labial
! Alveolar
! Velar
! Glottal
|-
! colspan=2|Nasal
| m {{angbr|m}}
| n {{angbr|n}}
| ŋ {{angbr|ń}}
|
|-
! rowspan=2 | Plosive
! Plain
| p {{angbr|p}}
| t {{angbr|t}}
| k {{angbr|k}}
| ʔ {{angbr|ˆ}}
|-
! Prenasalized
| ᵐp {{angbr|b}}
| ⁿt {{angbr|d}}
| ᵑk {{angbr|g}}
|
|-
! colspan=2|Fricative
|
|
|
| h {{angbr |hr,hj}}
|-
! colspan=2|Approximant
|
|/ɹ/ {{angbr|r}}
|/w/ {{angbr|w}}
|
|-

{| class="wikitable" style="margin-left:auto; margin-right: auto; border: none; text-align:center"
|+Pangali Vowel Inventory
|-
! || Front || Back
|-
! Close
| /i/ {{angbr |i}}
| /u/ {{angbr |u}}
|-
! Open
|/a/ {{angbr |a}}
|
|-
|}

=== Romanization ===
The Pangalu currently have no official writing system but offers to be taught the romanization used in the recorded lexicon produced by academics have been met with enthusiasim.

=== Allophonic Variation ===
==== Plosives ====
Comprising 12 different allophonic variations, Pangali's plosives are the most unstable aspect of the language's phonological inventory.
===== Sonorization =====
Standard Pangali: Plain voiceless plosives become voiced in intervocalic positions.

{| class="wikitable" style="float:center; border: none; text-align:center"
|-
!Shift
!Example
|-
!p → b / V_V
|/ʔu'''p'''a/ → [ʔuˈ'''b'''a]
|-
!t → d / V_V
|/huwu'''t'''uwi/ → [hu.wu.'''d'''uˈɣʷi]1
|-
!k → g / V_V
|/ⁿta'''k'''u/ → [ⁿtaˈ'''g'''u]
|-
|}

===== Dissimilation =====

Word initially, /p t k/ spirantize to [f s x] when the following syllable shares the same onset. Under the same conditions intervocalically, /p t k/ instead affricate to [p͡f t͡s k͡x]:
{| class="wikitable" style="float:center; border: none; text-align:center"
|-
!Word Initial
!Example
!Intervocalic
!Example
|-
!p → f / _Vp
|/'''p'''apa/ → ['''f'''aˈba]
!p → p͡f / V_Vp
|/ᵐpi'''p'''apa/ → [ᵐpi.'''p͡f'''aˈba]
|-
!t → s / _Vt
|/'''t'''utiɹa/ → ['''s'''u.diˈða]
!t → t͡s / V_Vt
|/ᵐpi'''t'''utiɹa/ → [ᵐpi.'''t͡s'''u.diˈða]
|-
!k → x / _Vk
|/'''k'''uka/ → ['''x'''uˈga]
!k → k͡x / V_Vk
|/ᵐpi'''k'''uka/ → [ᵐpi.'''k͡x'''uˈga]
|-
|}

It is theorized that /p t k/ originally affricated in all positions but later spirantized word initially.

==== Approximants ====
==== Fortition ====
/ɹ j w/ fortify to [ð ʝ ɣʷ] when occurring in a stressed syllable:

{|class="wikitable" style="float:center; border: none; text-align:center"
! Shifts
! colspan=2 | Examples
|-
! rowspan=2 | ɹ → ð
|/pa'''ɹ'''a/ → [paˈ'''ð'''a]
|-
|/ki'''ɹ'''i/ → [kiˈ'''ð'''i]
|-
! rowspan=2 | j → ʝ
|/iɹata'''j'''u/ → [i.ɹa.daˈ'''ʝ'''u]
|-
|/ni'''j'''a/ → [niˈ'''ʝ'''a]
|-
! rowspan=2 | w → ɣʷ
|/i'''w'''i/ → [iˈ'''ɣʷ'''i]
|-
|/ku'''w'''a/ → [kuˈ'''ɣʷ'''a]
|-
|}

Notes:
The most common realization of /ɹ/ in stressed syllables is actually [ð̠], a voiced alveolar non-sibilant fricative, but for convenience is typically transcribed as simply [ð].

==== Vowels ====

==== Centralization ====
Vowels preceding /ʔ/ are centralized. /a/ is both centralized and raised:

{| class="wikitable" style="float:center; border: none; text-align:center"
|-
!Shift
!Example
|-
!a → ɐ /_ʔ
|/h'''a'''ʔamu/ → [h'''ɐ'''.ʔaˈmu]2
|-
!u → ʉ /_ʔ
|/han'''u'''ʔa/ → [ha.n'''ʉ'''ˈʔa]2
|-
!i → ɨ /_ʔ
|/p'''i'''ʔa/ → [p'''ɨ'''ˈʔa]
|-
|}

==== Lowering ====
/i/ and /u/ are lowered to [ɛ] and [ɔ], respectively, when preceding nasals and prenasalized consonants:

{| class="wikitable" style="float:center; border: none; text-align:center"
|-
!Shift
!colspan=2 | Examples
|-
!i → ɛ /_N
|/h'''i'''ⁿtu/ → [h'''ɛ'''ˈⁿtu] || /tat'''i'''nu/ → [sa.d'''ɛ'''ˈnu]
|-
!u → ɔ /_N
|/ʔ'''u'''ŋa/ → [ʔ'''ɔ'''ˈŋa] || /k'''u'''maki/ → [k'''ɔ'''.maˈgi]
|-
|}

=== Phonotactics ===

==== Syllable Structure ====
Pangali has a (C)V structure, where a syllable can only contain one vowel, which may or may not be preceded by a consonant. Word initial syllables may occur with either a null onset or with any single consonant except for /ɹ/ and /j/, while word internal syllables may only occur with single consonant onsets, with the exception of /h/, which may only appear word initially. Codas are forbidden in any context, with all syllables being open. This is true even for geminate consonants, thus they are analyzed as single consonants as opposed to a sequence of [VC.CV].

==== Epenthesis ====
In instances where a word ending in a null coda (i.e. all words) is followed by a word beginning with a null onset, an epenthetic /ŋ/ is inserted to replace the null onset. This process is treated as if there is no word boundary, and thus the presence of the epenthetic nasal lowers the preceding vowel if it is high, while in other instances word boundaries would prevent this.
*/hatawu/ + /utunasa/ = [sa.daˈɣʷɔ ŋu.dɔ.naˈða]
**/hatawu/ + /ŋaᵐpinaɹa/ = [sa.daˈɣʷu ŋa.ᵐpi.naˈða]

==== Loanwords ====
Due to the nature of this syllable structure non-conforming loanwords are often heavily altered; although it should be noted that calques are extremely more common in favor of familiarity when possible.
Note the simplification of clusters to the second consonant in the example below:

*Helicopter: /ˈheliˌkɔptə(ɹ)/ → /hiɹikuta/

==== Stress ====
Lexical stress in Pangali falls on the final syllable of the root, and this remains true even if derivational suffixes apply.

= Numbers =
Filler text is text that shares some characteristics of a real written text, but is random or otherwise generated. It may be used to display a sample of fonts, generate text for testing, or to spoof an e-mail spam filter. The process of using filler text is sometimes called greeking, although the text itself may be nonsense, or largely Latin, as in Lorem ipsum.
= Nouns =
Filler text is text that shares some characteristics of a real written text, but is random or otherwise generated. It may be used to display a sample of fonts, generate text for testing, or to spoof an e-mail spam filter. The process of using filler text is sometimes called greeking, although the text itself may be nonsense, or largely Latin, as in Lorem ipsum.
= Verbs =
While other languages such as [http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanish_Language Spanish] follow a [http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tense-Aspect-Mood Tense-Aspect-Mood (TAM)] system, in which the three categories are largely conflated amongst conjugation paradigms, Pangali primarily expresses these categories in an agglutinative fashion. Where each category can cleanly be separated morpheme by morpheme.

The 6 categories that verbs in Pangali conjugate for are: Person, Tense, Aspect, Mood, and Evidentiality.

=== Person ===
Filler text is text that shares some characteristics of a real written text, but is random or otherwise generated. It may be used to display a sample of fonts, generate text for testing, or to spoof an e-mail spam filter. The process of using filler text is sometimes called greeking, although the text itself may be nonsense, or largely Latin, as in Lorem ipsum.
=== Tense ===
Filler text is text that shares some characteristics of a real written text, but is random or otherwise generated. It may be used to display a sample of fonts, generate text for testing, or to spoof an e-mail spam filter. The process of using filler text is sometimes called greeking, although the text itself may be nonsense, or largely Latin, as in Lorem ipsum.
==== Present Tense ====
Filler text is text that shares some characteristics of a real written text, but is random or otherwise generated. It may be used to display a sample of fonts, generate text for testing, or to spoof an e-mail spam filter. The process of using filler text is sometimes called greeking, although the text itself may be nonsense, or largely Latin, as in Lorem ipsum.

==== Past Tense ====
Filler text is text that shares some characteristics of a real written text, but is random or otherwise generated. It may be used to display a sample of fonts, generate text for testing, or to spoof an e-mail spam filter. The process of using filler text is sometimes called greeking, although the text itself may be nonsense, or largely Latin, as in Lorem ipsum.

=== Aspect ===
Filler text is text that shares some characteristics of a real written text, but is random or otherwise generated. It may be used to display a sample of fonts, generate text for testing, or to spoof an e-mail spam filter. The process of using filler text is sometimes called greeking, although the text itself may be nonsense, or largely Latin, as in Lorem ipsum.
==== Episodic ====

===== Gnomic =====
===== Habitual =====

==== Stative ====

===== Inchoative =====
===== Cessative =====
===== Progressive =====
===== Continuous =====
===== Discontinuous =====

==== Relative ====

===== Retrospective =====

===== Prospective =====

=== Mood ===

=== Evidentiality ===

= Derivational Morphology =
Filler text is text that shares some characteristics of a real written text, but is random or otherwise generated. It may be used to display a sample of fonts, generate text for testing, or to spoof an e-mail spam filter. The process of using filler text is sometimes called greeking, although the text itself may be nonsense, or largely Latin, as in Lorem ipsum.
= Syntax =

=== Parameter Order ===
Pangali, in line with its use of case marking, allows its speakers to vary their choice of word order. That being said, the default and most neutral order is OSV (Object-Subject-Verb):

[ⁿtɛ.mɔˈmi|wa.ᵐpuˈɟi|ka.ɹu.wi.ɹi.ɡaˈvi]

animal-ACC | father.ERG | CAUS-eat

''The father is feeding the animal''

[ŋa.k͡xu.ɡɔ.maˈmi|wa.ᵐpuˈɟi|i.ɹi.ɡaˈvi|hu|u.na.ŋaˈɡʷu|na.mu.wɛ.naˈvi]

1P.GEN-apple-ACC | father.ERG CAUS-eat | REL | INTRANS-I | fear

''I fear that my father is eating my apple.''

=== Topicalization ===
With the exception of the verb, which must be in the final position of a clause, phrases that are emphasized generally come first in a sentence.

'''Śikimi baúmaliku śuwiwaúśuwi''' (Neutral)

child-ACC bird.ERG DIM-bite

''The bird nipped the child''

-

'''Baúmaliku śikimi śuwiwaúśuwi''' (Emphasis on '''baúmaliku''')

bird.ERG child-ACC DIM-bite

''It was the bird that nipped the child''

Pangali

2019-09-10T23:49:28Z

Kóði: /* Loanwords */

[[Category:Languages]]
[[Category:Conlangs]]
[[Category:Artlangs]]
[[Category:A_priori]]
[[Category:Language_Isolate]]

{{Infobox language
|name = Pangali
|nativename = Ńipańariâ, Pańari
|pronunciation = [ŋi.ba.ŋa.ɹɨˈʔa], [pa.ŋaˈði]
|creator = [[User:Kóði|Sámuel Hiette Kannosíni]] 
|created = August 8th, 2019
|setting =
|fam1 = [[Language Isolate]]
|script = [[w:Latin script|Latin script]] (Romanization, academic)
|brcl = blue
}}

'''Pangali''' (English: /pɑŋˈgɑli/, /peɪŋˈgɑli/, or /pɛnˈgɑli/) is <s>a poorly made attempt at channeling the creator's artistic nature</s> a constructed language developed by Sámuel Hiette Kannosíni for the purposes of his own <s>gasket-blowing frustration</s> enjoyment and glee.
= Introduction =
<big><center> '''[WARNING - ACHTUNG - AVERTISSEMENT]''' </center></big>
This article is '''very much''' a WIP, examples being inconsistency in formatting/style and references to features not yet fleshed out, as well as some small mentionings of a dialect called Luâi. I '''''realize''''' this is the case, however as someone who has ADHD (primarily inattentive type for the curious informed) and is ''extremely'' busy, my ability to consistently and coherently update this article is abysmal at best.

Thanks for understanding, people who obviously care as much as I do! /s

=== Fictional Setting ===
The Pangali language is the language used by the Pangalu, or the Pangali people, an indigenous people of the Pangali island chain, which is located roughly five hundred and thirty kilometers due west of the Phillipines.
Until 2003 they were considered an uncontacted people, but on March 17th, 2003 an exploratory party onboard a rudimentary sailing vessel voyaged from the northern island of Baluwikaûnu towards the Phillipines. Enroute to their destination, however, they were intercepted by the Philippine Coast Guard some two hundred kilometers northeast of the coast of Tandag City and, controversially, detained for a period of 5 months and 23 days.

Official justification for the length of the detainment was given by the Phillipine Department of Foreign Affairs (DFA) soon after the party’s release, stating:

<blockquote>“Due to the immense language and cultural barrier, as well as concern for the potential spread of disease to the isolated people, and questions regarding their motivation for travel made difficult by the aforementioned barriers, quarantine and detainment procedures were deemed not only the most efficient course of action, but also the safest, for all parties involved.”</blockquote>

The following months gave rise to an increase of international attention surrounding the Pangali people and the continuing communication efforts between them and the Philippine Government. It was later announced by the Philippine DFA that the isolated tribe “no longer wishes to be isolated”, and thus were subsequently placed underneath an international spotlight.

Naturally with the indigenous people now slowly but surely increasing contact with the modern world, records of their culture and language are a must in order to maintain a positive relationship, and thus the purpose of this wiki is, succinctly summarized, to address the linguistic side of such matters.

=== Classification ===
The language is classified as an agglutinative language isolate with a tripartite morphosyntatic alignment that declines nouns under a 12 case system and conjugates verbs for person, tense, aspect, and mood. Adjectives are not inflected and have zero-grade derivation for adverbial phrases.
The primary word order is OSV, however due to nouns being heavily inflected other word orders are possible, with SOV being the most prominently encountered alternate order. Whereas in many languages adpositions are used to indicate different relations between phrases, Pangali typically makes use of existing cases or a variation of Suffixaufnahme (also known as case stacking), wherein different cases are combined to carry the function of an adpositional function not normally covered by the standard twelve.

= Phonology =
In spite of its status as a language isolate, the phonological system of Pangali isn't terribly special in comparison to its neighbors in the Philippines or Australia. A simple syllable structure, few (phonemic) vowels, a fair amount of consonants, and stable vowel quality make this language both interesting and soundly (''ha, pun!'') mundane all at the same time.
=== Phoneme Inventory ===
Pangali's consonant inventory weighs in at a respectable 21 phonemic consonants. A unique feature that may be noted is the presence of phonemic prenasalized stops.

The vowels, on the other hand, number only three in terms of phonemic units. As with many languages with small vowel inventories, what vowels that Pangali does have are subject to significant allophonic variation.
{| class="wikitable" style="margin-left:auto; margin-right: auto; border: none; text-align:center"
|+Pangali Consonant Inventory
|-
! colspan=2 |
! Labial
! Alveolar
! Velar
! Glottal
|-
! colspan=2|Nasal
| m {{angbr|m}}
| n {{angbr|n}}
| ŋ {{angbr|ń}}
|
|-
! rowspan=2 | Plosive
! Plain
| p {{angbr|p}}
| t {{angbr|t}}
| k {{angbr|k}}
| ʔ {{angbr|ˆ}}
|-
! Prenasalized
| ᵐp {{angbr|b}}
| ⁿt {{angbr|d}}
| ᵑk {{angbr|g}}
|
|-
! colspan=2|Fricative
|
|
|
| h {{angbr |hr,hj}}
|-
! colspan=2|Approximant
|
|/ɹ/ {{angbr|r}}
|/w/ {{angbr|w}}
|
|-

{| class="wikitable" style="margin-left:auto; margin-right: auto; border: none; text-align:center"
|+Pangali Vowel Inventory
|-
! || Front || Back
|-
! Close
| /i/ {{angbr |i}}
| /u/ {{angbr |u}}
|-
! Open
|/a/ {{angbr |a}}
|
|-
|}

=== Romanization ===
The Pangalu currently have no official writing system but offers to be taught the romanization used in the recorded lexicon produced by academics have been met with enthusiasim.

=== Allophonic Variation ===
==== Plosives ====
Comprising 12 different allophonic variations, Pangali's plosives are the most unstable aspect of the language's phonological inventory.
===== Sonorization =====
Standard Pangali: Plain voiceless plosives become voiced in intervocalic positions.

{| class="wikitable" style="float:center; border: none; text-align:center"
|-
!Shift
!Example
|-
!p → b / V_V
|/ʔu'''p'''a/ → [ʔuˈ'''b'''a]
|-
!t → d / V_V
|/huwu'''t'''uwi/ → [hu.wu.'''d'''uˈɣʷi]1
|-
!k → g / V_V
|/ⁿta'''k'''u/ → [ⁿtaˈ'''g'''u]
|-
|}

===== Dissimilation =====

Word initially, /p t k/ spirantize to [f s x] when the following syllable shares the same onset. Under the same conditions intervocalically, /p t k/ instead affricate to [p͡f t͡s k͡x]:
{| class="wikitable" style="float:center; border: none; text-align:center"
|-
!Word Initial
!Example
!Intervocalic
!Example
|-
!p → f / _Vp
|/'''p'''apa/ → ['''f'''aˈba]
!p → p͡f / V_Vp
|/ᵐpi'''p'''apa/ → [ᵐpi.'''p͡f'''aˈba]
|-
!t → s / _Vt
|/'''t'''utiɹa/ → ['''s'''u.diˈða]
!t → t͡s / V_Vt
|/ᵐpi'''t'''utiɹa/ → [ᵐpi.'''t͡s'''u.diˈða]
|-
!k → x / _Vk
|/'''k'''uka/ → ['''x'''uˈga]
!k → k͡x / V_Vk
|/ᵐpi'''k'''uka/ → [ᵐpi.'''k͡x'''uˈga]
|-
|}

It is theorized that /p t k/ originally affricated in all positions but later spirantized word initially.

==== Approximants ====
==== Fortition ====
/ɹ j w/ fortify to [ð ʝ ɣʷ] when occurring in a stressed syllable:

{|class="wikitable" style="float:center; border: none; text-align:center"
! Shifts
! colspan=2 | Examples
|-
! rowspan=2 | ɹ → ð
|/pa'''ɹ'''a/ → [paˈ'''ð'''a]
|-
|/ki'''ɹ'''i/ → [kiˈ'''ð'''i]
|-
! rowspan=2 | j → ʝ
|/iɹata'''j'''u/ → [i.ɹa.daˈ'''ʝ'''u]
|-
|/ni'''j'''a/ → [niˈ'''ʝ'''a]
|-
! rowspan=2 | w → ɣʷ
|/i'''w'''i/ → [iˈ'''ɣʷ'''i]
|-
|/ku'''w'''a/ → [kuˈ'''ɣʷ'''a]
|-
|}

Notes:
The most common realization of /ɹ/ in stressed syllables is actually [ð̠], a voiced alveolar non-sibilant fricative, but for convenience is typically transcribed as simply [ð].

==== Vowels ====

==== Centralization ====
Vowels preceding /ʔ/ are centralized. /a/ is both centralized and raised:

{| class="wikitable" style="float:center; border: none; text-align:center"
|-
!Shift
!Example
|-
!a → ɐ /_ʔ
|/h'''a'''ʔamu/ → [h'''ɐ'''.ʔaˈmu]2
|-
!u → ʉ /_ʔ
|/han'''u'''ʔa/ → [ha.n'''ʉ'''ˈʔa]2
|-
!i → ɨ /_ʔ
|/p'''i'''ʔa/ → [p'''ɨ'''ˈʔa]
|-
|}

==== Lowering ====
/i/ and /u/ are lowered to [ɛ] and [ɔ], respectively, when preceding nasals and prenasalized consonants:

{| class="wikitable" style="float:center; border: none; text-align:center"
|-
!Shift
!colspan=2 | Examples
|-
!i → ɛ /_N
|/h'''i'''ⁿtu/ → [h'''ɛ'''ˈⁿtu] || /tat'''i'''nu/ → [sa.d'''ɛ'''ˈnu]
|-
!u → ɔ /_N
|/ʔ'''u'''ŋa/ → [ʔ'''ɔ'''ˈŋa] || /k'''u'''maki/ → [k'''ɔ'''.maˈgi]
|-
|}

=== Phonotactics ===

==== Syllable Structure ====
Pangali has a (C)V structure, where a syllable can only contain one vowel, which may or may not be preceded by a consonant. Word initial syllables may occur with either a null onset or with any single consonant except for /ɹ/ and /j/, while word internal syllables may only occur with single consonant onsets. Codas are forbidden in any context, with all syllables being open. This is true even for geminate consonants, thus they are analyzed as single consonants as opposed to a sequence of [VC.CV].

==== Epenthesis ====
In instances where a word ending in a null coda (i.e. all words) is followed by a word beginning with a null onset, an epenthetic /ŋ/ is inserted to replace the null onset. This process is treated as if there is no word boundary, and thus the presence of the epenthetic nasal lowers the preceding vowel if it is high, while in other instances word boundaries would prevent this.
*/hatawu/ + /utunasa/ = [sa.daˈɣʷɔ ŋu.dɔ.naˈða]
**/hatawu/ + /ŋaᵐpinaɹa/ = [sa.daˈɣʷu ŋa.ᵐpi.naˈða]

==== Loanwords ====
Due to the nature of this syllable structure non-conforming loanwords are often heavily altered; although it should be noted that calques are extremely more common in favor of familiarity when possible.
Note the simplification of clusters to the second consonant in the example below:

*Helicopter: /ˈheliˌkɔptə(ɹ)/ → /hiɹikuta/

==== Stress ====
Lexical stress in Pangali falls on the final syllable of the root, and this remains true even if derivational suffixes apply.

= Numbers =
Filler text is text that shares some characteristics of a real written text, but is random or otherwise generated. It may be used to display a sample of fonts, generate text for testing, or to spoof an e-mail spam filter. The process of using filler text is sometimes called greeking, although the text itself may be nonsense, or largely Latin, as in Lorem ipsum.
= Nouns =
Filler text is text that shares some characteristics of a real written text, but is random or otherwise generated. It may be used to display a sample of fonts, generate text for testing, or to spoof an e-mail spam filter. The process of using filler text is sometimes called greeking, although the text itself may be nonsense, or largely Latin, as in Lorem ipsum.
= Verbs =
While other languages such as [http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanish_Language Spanish] follow a [http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tense-Aspect-Mood Tense-Aspect-Mood (TAM)] system, in which the three categories are largely conflated amongst conjugation paradigms, Pangali primarily expresses these categories in an agglutinative fashion. Where each category can cleanly be separated morpheme by morpheme.

The 6 categories that verbs in Pangali conjugate for are: Person, Tense, Aspect, Mood, and Evidentiality.

=== Person ===
Filler text is text that shares some characteristics of a real written text, but is random or otherwise generated. It may be used to display a sample of fonts, generate text for testing, or to spoof an e-mail spam filter. The process of using filler text is sometimes called greeking, although the text itself may be nonsense, or largely Latin, as in Lorem ipsum.
=== Tense ===
Filler text is text that shares some characteristics of a real written text, but is random or otherwise generated. It may be used to display a sample of fonts, generate text for testing, or to spoof an e-mail spam filter. The process of using filler text is sometimes called greeking, although the text itself may be nonsense, or largely Latin, as in Lorem ipsum.
==== Present Tense ====
Filler text is text that shares some characteristics of a real written text, but is random or otherwise generated. It may be used to display a sample of fonts, generate text for testing, or to spoof an e-mail spam filter. The process of using filler text is sometimes called greeking, although the text itself may be nonsense, or largely Latin, as in Lorem ipsum.

==== Past Tense ====
Filler text is text that shares some characteristics of a real written text, but is random or otherwise generated. It may be used to display a sample of fonts, generate text for testing, or to spoof an e-mail spam filter. The process of using filler text is sometimes called greeking, although the text itself may be nonsense, or largely Latin, as in Lorem ipsum.

=== Aspect ===
Filler text is text that shares some characteristics of a real written text, but is random or otherwise generated. It may be used to display a sample of fonts, generate text for testing, or to spoof an e-mail spam filter. The process of using filler text is sometimes called greeking, although the text itself may be nonsense, or largely Latin, as in Lorem ipsum.
==== Episodic ====

===== Gnomic =====
===== Habitual =====

==== Stative ====

===== Inchoative =====
===== Cessative =====
===== Progressive =====
===== Continuous =====
===== Discontinuous =====

==== Relative ====

===== Retrospective =====

===== Prospective =====

=== Mood ===

=== Evidentiality ===

= Derivational Morphology =
Filler text is text that shares some characteristics of a real written text, but is random or otherwise generated. It may be used to display a sample of fonts, generate text for testing, or to spoof an e-mail spam filter. The process of using filler text is sometimes called greeking, although the text itself may be nonsense, or largely Latin, as in Lorem ipsum.
= Syntax =

=== Parameter Order ===
Pangali, in line with its use of case marking, allows its speakers to vary their choice of word order. That being said, the default and most neutral order is OSV (Object-Subject-Verb):

[ⁿtɛ.mɔˈmi|wa.ᵐpuˈɟi|ka.ɹu.wi.ɹi.ɡaˈvi]

animal-ACC | father.ERG | CAUS-eat

''The father is feeding the animal''

[ŋa.k͡xu.ɡɔ.maˈmi|wa.ᵐpuˈɟi|i.ɹi.ɡaˈvi|hu|u.na.ŋaˈɡʷu|na.mu.wɛ.naˈvi]

1P.GEN-apple-ACC | father.ERG CAUS-eat | REL | INTRANS-I | fear

''I fear that my father is eating my apple.''

=== Topicalization ===
With the exception of the verb, which must be in the final position of a clause, phrases that are emphasized generally come first in a sentence.

'''Śikimi baúmaliku śuwiwaúśuwi''' (Neutral)

child-ACC bird.ERG DIM-bite

''The bird nipped the child''

-

'''Baúmaliku śikimi śuwiwaúśuwi''' (Emphasis on '''baúmaliku''')

bird.ERG child-ACC DIM-bite

''It was the bird that nipped the child''

Pangali

2019-09-10T23:48:49Z

Kóði: /* Loanwords */

[[Category:Languages]]
[[Category:Conlangs]]
[[Category:Artlangs]]
[[Category:A_priori]]
[[Category:Language_Isolate]]

{{Infobox language
|name = Pangali
|nativename = Ńipańariâ, Pańari
|pronunciation = [ŋi.ba.ŋa.ɹɨˈʔa], [pa.ŋaˈði]
|creator = [[User:Kóði|Sámuel Hiette Kannosíni]] 
|created = August 8th, 2019
|setting =
|fam1 = [[Language Isolate]]
|script = [[w:Latin script|Latin script]] (Romanization, academic)
|brcl = blue
}}

'''Pangali''' (English: /pɑŋˈgɑli/, /peɪŋˈgɑli/, or /pɛnˈgɑli/) is <s>a poorly made attempt at channeling the creator's artistic nature</s> a constructed language developed by Sámuel Hiette Kannosíni for the purposes of his own <s>gasket-blowing frustration</s> enjoyment and glee.
= Introduction =
<big><center> '''[WARNING - ACHTUNG - AVERTISSEMENT]''' </center></big>
This article is '''very much''' a WIP, examples being inconsistency in formatting/style and references to features not yet fleshed out, as well as some small mentionings of a dialect called Luâi. I '''''realize''''' this is the case, however as someone who has ADHD (primarily inattentive type for the curious informed) and is ''extremely'' busy, my ability to consistently and coherently update this article is abysmal at best.

Thanks for understanding, people who obviously care as much as I do! /s

=== Fictional Setting ===
The Pangali language is the language used by the Pangalu, or the Pangali people, an indigenous people of the Pangali island chain, which is located roughly five hundred and thirty kilometers due west of the Phillipines.
Until 2003 they were considered an uncontacted people, but on March 17th, 2003 an exploratory party onboard a rudimentary sailing vessel voyaged from the northern island of Baluwikaûnu towards the Phillipines. Enroute to their destination, however, they were intercepted by the Philippine Coast Guard some two hundred kilometers northeast of the coast of Tandag City and, controversially, detained for a period of 5 months and 23 days.

Official justification for the length of the detainment was given by the Phillipine Department of Foreign Affairs (DFA) soon after the party’s release, stating:

<blockquote>“Due to the immense language and cultural barrier, as well as concern for the potential spread of disease to the isolated people, and questions regarding their motivation for travel made difficult by the aforementioned barriers, quarantine and detainment procedures were deemed not only the most efficient course of action, but also the safest, for all parties involved.”</blockquote>

The following months gave rise to an increase of international attention surrounding the Pangali people and the continuing communication efforts between them and the Philippine Government. It was later announced by the Philippine DFA that the isolated tribe “no longer wishes to be isolated”, and thus were subsequently placed underneath an international spotlight.

Naturally with the indigenous people now slowly but surely increasing contact with the modern world, records of their culture and language are a must in order to maintain a positive relationship, and thus the purpose of this wiki is, succinctly summarized, to address the linguistic side of such matters.

=== Classification ===
The language is classified as an agglutinative language isolate with a tripartite morphosyntatic alignment that declines nouns under a 12 case system and conjugates verbs for person, tense, aspect, and mood. Adjectives are not inflected and have zero-grade derivation for adverbial phrases.
The primary word order is OSV, however due to nouns being heavily inflected other word orders are possible, with SOV being the most prominently encountered alternate order. Whereas in many languages adpositions are used to indicate different relations between phrases, Pangali typically makes use of existing cases or a variation of Suffixaufnahme (also known as case stacking), wherein different cases are combined to carry the function of an adpositional function not normally covered by the standard twelve.

= Phonology =
In spite of its status as a language isolate, the phonological system of Pangali isn't terribly special in comparison to its neighbors in the Philippines or Australia. A simple syllable structure, few (phonemic) vowels, a fair amount of consonants, and stable vowel quality make this language both interesting and soundly (''ha, pun!'') mundane all at the same time.
=== Phoneme Inventory ===
Pangali's consonant inventory weighs in at a respectable 21 phonemic consonants. A unique feature that may be noted is the presence of phonemic prenasalized stops.

The vowels, on the other hand, number only three in terms of phonemic units. As with many languages with small vowel inventories, what vowels that Pangali does have are subject to significant allophonic variation.
{| class="wikitable" style="margin-left:auto; margin-right: auto; border: none; text-align:center"
|+Pangali Consonant Inventory
|-
! colspan=2 |
! Labial
! Alveolar
! Velar
! Glottal
|-
! colspan=2|Nasal
| m {{angbr|m}}
| n {{angbr|n}}
| ŋ {{angbr|ń}}
|
|-
! rowspan=2 | Plosive
! Plain
| p {{angbr|p}}
| t {{angbr|t}}
| k {{angbr|k}}
| ʔ {{angbr|ˆ}}
|-
! Prenasalized
| ᵐp {{angbr|b}}
| ⁿt {{angbr|d}}
| ᵑk {{angbr|g}}
|
|-
! colspan=2|Fricative
|
|
|
| h {{angbr |hr,hj}}
|-
! colspan=2|Approximant
|
|/ɹ/ {{angbr|r}}
|/w/ {{angbr|w}}
|
|-

{| class="wikitable" style="margin-left:auto; margin-right: auto; border: none; text-align:center"
|+Pangali Vowel Inventory
|-
! || Front || Back
|-
! Close
| /i/ {{angbr |i}}
| /u/ {{angbr |u}}
|-
! Open
|/a/ {{angbr |a}}
|
|-
|}

=== Romanization ===
The Pangalu currently have no official writing system but offers to be taught the romanization used in the recorded lexicon produced by academics have been met with enthusiasim.

=== Allophonic Variation ===
==== Plosives ====
Comprising 12 different allophonic variations, Pangali's plosives are the most unstable aspect of the language's phonological inventory.
===== Sonorization =====
Standard Pangali: Plain voiceless plosives become voiced in intervocalic positions.

{| class="wikitable" style="float:center; border: none; text-align:center"
|-
!Shift
!Example
|-
!p → b / V_V
|/ʔu'''p'''a/ → [ʔuˈ'''b'''a]
|-
!t → d / V_V
|/huwu'''t'''uwi/ → [hu.wu.'''d'''uˈɣʷi]1
|-
!k → g / V_V
|/ⁿta'''k'''u/ → [ⁿtaˈ'''g'''u]
|-
|}

===== Dissimilation =====

Word initially, /p t k/ spirantize to [f s x] when the following syllable shares the same onset. Under the same conditions intervocalically, /p t k/ instead affricate to [p͡f t͡s k͡x]:
{| class="wikitable" style="float:center; border: none; text-align:center"
|-
!Word Initial
!Example
!Intervocalic
!Example
|-
!p → f / _Vp
|/'''p'''apa/ → ['''f'''aˈba]
!p → p͡f / V_Vp
|/ᵐpi'''p'''apa/ → [ᵐpi.'''p͡f'''aˈba]
|-
!t → s / _Vt
|/'''t'''utiɹa/ → ['''s'''u.diˈða]
!t → t͡s / V_Vt
|/ᵐpi'''t'''utiɹa/ → [ᵐpi.'''t͡s'''u.diˈða]
|-
!k → x / _Vk
|/'''k'''uka/ → ['''x'''uˈga]
!k → k͡x / V_Vk
|/ᵐpi'''k'''uka/ → [ᵐpi.'''k͡x'''uˈga]
|-
|}

It is theorized that /p t k/ originally affricated in all positions but later spirantized word initially.

==== Approximants ====
==== Fortition ====
/ɹ j w/ fortify to [ð ʝ ɣʷ] when occurring in a stressed syllable:

{|class="wikitable" style="float:center; border: none; text-align:center"
! Shifts
! colspan=2 | Examples
|-
! rowspan=2 | ɹ → ð
|/pa'''ɹ'''a/ → [paˈ'''ð'''a]
|-
|/ki'''ɹ'''i/ → [kiˈ'''ð'''i]
|-
! rowspan=2 | j → ʝ
|/iɹata'''j'''u/ → [i.ɹa.daˈ'''ʝ'''u]
|-
|/ni'''j'''a/ → [niˈ'''ʝ'''a]
|-
! rowspan=2 | w → ɣʷ
|/i'''w'''i/ → [iˈ'''ɣʷ'''i]
|-
|/ku'''w'''a/ → [kuˈ'''ɣʷ'''a]
|-
|}

Notes:
The most common realization of /ɹ/ in stressed syllables is actually [ð̠], a voiced alveolar non-sibilant fricative, but for convenience is typically transcribed as simply [ð].

==== Vowels ====

==== Centralization ====
Vowels preceding /ʔ/ are centralized. /a/ is both centralized and raised:

{| class="wikitable" style="float:center; border: none; text-align:center"
|-
!Shift
!Example
|-
!a → ɐ /_ʔ
|/h'''a'''ʔamu/ → [h'''ɐ'''.ʔaˈmu]2
|-
!u → ʉ /_ʔ
|/han'''u'''ʔa/ → [ha.n'''ʉ'''ˈʔa]2
|-
!i → ɨ /_ʔ
|/p'''i'''ʔa/ → [p'''ɨ'''ˈʔa]
|-
|}

==== Lowering ====
/i/ and /u/ are lowered to [ɛ] and [ɔ], respectively, when preceding nasals and prenasalized consonants:

{| class="wikitable" style="float:center; border: none; text-align:center"
|-
!Shift
!colspan=2 | Examples
|-
!i → ɛ /_N
|/h'''i'''ⁿtu/ → [h'''ɛ'''ˈⁿtu] || /tat'''i'''nu/ → [sa.d'''ɛ'''ˈnu]
|-
!u → ɔ /_N
|/ʔ'''u'''ŋa/ → [ʔ'''ɔ'''ˈŋa] || /k'''u'''maki/ → [k'''ɔ'''.maˈgi]
|-
|}

=== Phonotactics ===

==== Syllable Structure ====
Pangali has a (C)V structure, where a syllable can only contain one vowel, which may or may not be preceded by a consonant. Word initial syllables may occur with either a null onset or with any single consonant except for /ɹ/ and /j/, while word internal syllables may only occur with single consonant onsets. Codas are forbidden in any context, with all syllables being open. This is true even for geminate consonants, thus they are analyzed as single consonants as opposed to a sequence of [VC.CV].

==== Epenthesis ====
In instances where a word ending in a null coda (i.e. all words) is followed by a word beginning with a null onset, an epenthetic /ŋ/ is inserted to replace the null onset. This process is treated as if there is no word boundary, and thus the presence of the epenthetic nasal lowers the preceding vowel if it is high, while in other instances word boundaries would prevent this.
*/hatawu/ + /utunasa/ = [sa.daˈɣʷɔ ŋu.dɔ.naˈða]
**/hatawu/ + /ŋaᵐpinaɹa/ = [sa.daˈɣʷu ŋa.ᵐpi.naˈða]

==== Loanwords ====
Due to the nature of this syllable structure non-conforming loanwords are often heavily altered; although it should be noted that calques are extremely more common in favor of familiarity when possible.
Note the insertion of /u/ to break apart clusters or to avoid final consonants in the following example.

*Helicopter: /ˈheliˌkɔptə(ɹ)/ → /hiɹikuta/

==== Stress ====
Lexical stress in Pangali falls on the final syllable of the root, and this remains true even if derivational suffixes apply.

= Numbers =
Filler text is text that shares some characteristics of a real written text, but is random or otherwise generated. It may be used to display a sample of fonts, generate text for testing, or to spoof an e-mail spam filter. The process of using filler text is sometimes called greeking, although the text itself may be nonsense, or largely Latin, as in Lorem ipsum.
= Nouns =
Filler text is text that shares some characteristics of a real written text, but is random or otherwise generated. It may be used to display a sample of fonts, generate text for testing, or to spoof an e-mail spam filter. The process of using filler text is sometimes called greeking, although the text itself may be nonsense, or largely Latin, as in Lorem ipsum.
= Verbs =
While other languages such as [http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanish_Language Spanish] follow a [http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tense-Aspect-Mood Tense-Aspect-Mood (TAM)] system, in which the three categories are largely conflated amongst conjugation paradigms, Pangali primarily expresses these categories in an agglutinative fashion. Where each category can cleanly be separated morpheme by morpheme.

The 6 categories that verbs in Pangali conjugate for are: Person, Tense, Aspect, Mood, and Evidentiality.

=== Person ===
Filler text is text that shares some characteristics of a real written text, but is random or otherwise generated. It may be used to display a sample of fonts, generate text for testing, or to spoof an e-mail spam filter. The process of using filler text is sometimes called greeking, although the text itself may be nonsense, or largely Latin, as in Lorem ipsum.
=== Tense ===
Filler text is text that shares some characteristics of a real written text, but is random or otherwise generated. It may be used to display a sample of fonts, generate text for testing, or to spoof an e-mail spam filter. The process of using filler text is sometimes called greeking, although the text itself may be nonsense, or largely Latin, as in Lorem ipsum.
==== Present Tense ====
Filler text is text that shares some characteristics of a real written text, but is random or otherwise generated. It may be used to display a sample of fonts, generate text for testing, or to spoof an e-mail spam filter. The process of using filler text is sometimes called greeking, although the text itself may be nonsense, or largely Latin, as in Lorem ipsum.

==== Past Tense ====
Filler text is text that shares some characteristics of a real written text, but is random or otherwise generated. It may be used to display a sample of fonts, generate text for testing, or to spoof an e-mail spam filter. The process of using filler text is sometimes called greeking, although the text itself may be nonsense, or largely Latin, as in Lorem ipsum.

=== Aspect ===
Filler text is text that shares some characteristics of a real written text, but is random or otherwise generated. It may be used to display a sample of fonts, generate text for testing, or to spoof an e-mail spam filter. The process of using filler text is sometimes called greeking, although the text itself may be nonsense, or largely Latin, as in Lorem ipsum.
==== Episodic ====

===== Gnomic =====
===== Habitual =====

==== Stative ====

===== Inchoative =====
===== Cessative =====
===== Progressive =====
===== Continuous =====
===== Discontinuous =====

==== Relative ====

===== Retrospective =====

===== Prospective =====

=== Mood ===

=== Evidentiality ===

= Derivational Morphology =
Filler text is text that shares some characteristics of a real written text, but is random or otherwise generated. It may be used to display a sample of fonts, generate text for testing, or to spoof an e-mail spam filter. The process of using filler text is sometimes called greeking, although the text itself may be nonsense, or largely Latin, as in Lorem ipsum.
= Syntax =

=== Parameter Order ===
Pangali, in line with its use of case marking, allows its speakers to vary their choice of word order. That being said, the default and most neutral order is OSV (Object-Subject-Verb):

[ⁿtɛ.mɔˈmi|wa.ᵐpuˈɟi|ka.ɹu.wi.ɹi.ɡaˈvi]

animal-ACC | father.ERG | CAUS-eat

''The father is feeding the animal''

[ŋa.k͡xu.ɡɔ.maˈmi|wa.ᵐpuˈɟi|i.ɹi.ɡaˈvi|hu|u.na.ŋaˈɡʷu|na.mu.wɛ.naˈvi]

1P.GEN-apple-ACC | father.ERG CAUS-eat | REL | INTRANS-I | fear

''I fear that my father is eating my apple.''

=== Topicalization ===
With the exception of the verb, which must be in the final position of a clause, phrases that are emphasized generally come first in a sentence.

'''Śikimi baúmaliku śuwiwaúśuwi''' (Neutral)

child-ACC bird.ERG DIM-bite

''The bird nipped the child''

-

'''Baúmaliku śikimi śuwiwaúśuwi''' (Emphasis on '''baúmaliku''')

bird.ERG child-ACC DIM-bite

''It was the bird that nipped the child''

Pangali

2019-09-10T23:47:06Z

Kóði: /* Epenthesis */

[[Category:Languages]]
[[Category:Conlangs]]
[[Category:Artlangs]]
[[Category:A_priori]]
[[Category:Language_Isolate]]

{{Infobox language
|name = Pangali
|nativename = Ńipańariâ, Pańari
|pronunciation = [ŋi.ba.ŋa.ɹɨˈʔa], [pa.ŋaˈði]
|creator = [[User:Kóði|Sámuel Hiette Kannosíni]] 
|created = August 8th, 2019
|setting =
|fam1 = [[Language Isolate]]
|script = [[w:Latin script|Latin script]] (Romanization, academic)
|brcl = blue
}}

'''Pangali''' (English: /pɑŋˈgɑli/, /peɪŋˈgɑli/, or /pɛnˈgɑli/) is <s>a poorly made attempt at channeling the creator's artistic nature</s> a constructed language developed by Sámuel Hiette Kannosíni for the purposes of his own <s>gasket-blowing frustration</s> enjoyment and glee.
= Introduction =
<big><center> '''[WARNING - ACHTUNG - AVERTISSEMENT]''' </center></big>
This article is '''very much''' a WIP, examples being inconsistency in formatting/style and references to features not yet fleshed out, as well as some small mentionings of a dialect called Luâi. I '''''realize''''' this is the case, however as someone who has ADHD (primarily inattentive type for the curious informed) and is ''extremely'' busy, my ability to consistently and coherently update this article is abysmal at best.

Thanks for understanding, people who obviously care as much as I do! /s

=== Fictional Setting ===
The Pangali language is the language used by the Pangalu, or the Pangali people, an indigenous people of the Pangali island chain, which is located roughly five hundred and thirty kilometers due west of the Phillipines.
Until 2003 they were considered an uncontacted people, but on March 17th, 2003 an exploratory party onboard a rudimentary sailing vessel voyaged from the northern island of Baluwikaûnu towards the Phillipines. Enroute to their destination, however, they were intercepted by the Philippine Coast Guard some two hundred kilometers northeast of the coast of Tandag City and, controversially, detained for a period of 5 months and 23 days.

Official justification for the length of the detainment was given by the Phillipine Department of Foreign Affairs (DFA) soon after the party’s release, stating:

<blockquote>“Due to the immense language and cultural barrier, as well as concern for the potential spread of disease to the isolated people, and questions regarding their motivation for travel made difficult by the aforementioned barriers, quarantine and detainment procedures were deemed not only the most efficient course of action, but also the safest, for all parties involved.”</blockquote>

The following months gave rise to an increase of international attention surrounding the Pangali people and the continuing communication efforts between them and the Philippine Government. It was later announced by the Philippine DFA that the isolated tribe “no longer wishes to be isolated”, and thus were subsequently placed underneath an international spotlight.

Naturally with the indigenous people now slowly but surely increasing contact with the modern world, records of their culture and language are a must in order to maintain a positive relationship, and thus the purpose of this wiki is, succinctly summarized, to address the linguistic side of such matters.

=== Classification ===
The language is classified as an agglutinative language isolate with a tripartite morphosyntatic alignment that declines nouns under a 12 case system and conjugates verbs for person, tense, aspect, and mood. Adjectives are not inflected and have zero-grade derivation for adverbial phrases.
The primary word order is OSV, however due to nouns being heavily inflected other word orders are possible, with SOV being the most prominently encountered alternate order. Whereas in many languages adpositions are used to indicate different relations between phrases, Pangali typically makes use of existing cases or a variation of Suffixaufnahme (also known as case stacking), wherein different cases are combined to carry the function of an adpositional function not normally covered by the standard twelve.

= Phonology =
In spite of its status as a language isolate, the phonological system of Pangali isn't terribly special in comparison to its neighbors in the Philippines or Australia. A simple syllable structure, few (phonemic) vowels, a fair amount of consonants, and stable vowel quality make this language both interesting and soundly (''ha, pun!'') mundane all at the same time.
=== Phoneme Inventory ===
Pangali's consonant inventory weighs in at a respectable 21 phonemic consonants. A unique feature that may be noted is the presence of phonemic prenasalized stops.

The vowels, on the other hand, number only three in terms of phonemic units. As with many languages with small vowel inventories, what vowels that Pangali does have are subject to significant allophonic variation.
{| class="wikitable" style="margin-left:auto; margin-right: auto; border: none; text-align:center"
|+Pangali Consonant Inventory
|-
! colspan=2 |
! Labial
! Alveolar
! Velar
! Glottal
|-
! colspan=2|Nasal
| m {{angbr|m}}
| n {{angbr|n}}
| ŋ {{angbr|ń}}
|
|-
! rowspan=2 | Plosive
! Plain
| p {{angbr|p}}
| t {{angbr|t}}
| k {{angbr|k}}
| ʔ {{angbr|ˆ}}
|-
! Prenasalized
| ᵐp {{angbr|b}}
| ⁿt {{angbr|d}}
| ᵑk {{angbr|g}}
|
|-
! colspan=2|Fricative
|
|
|
| h {{angbr |hr,hj}}
|-
! colspan=2|Approximant
|
|/ɹ/ {{angbr|r}}
|/w/ {{angbr|w}}
|
|-

{| class="wikitable" style="margin-left:auto; margin-right: auto; border: none; text-align:center"
|+Pangali Vowel Inventory
|-
! || Front || Back
|-
! Close
| /i/ {{angbr |i}}
| /u/ {{angbr |u}}
|-
! Open
|/a/ {{angbr |a}}
|
|-
|}

=== Romanization ===
The Pangalu currently have no official writing system but offers to be taught the romanization used in the recorded lexicon produced by academics have been met with enthusiasim.

=== Allophonic Variation ===
==== Plosives ====
Comprising 12 different allophonic variations, Pangali's plosives are the most unstable aspect of the language's phonological inventory.
===== Sonorization =====
Standard Pangali: Plain voiceless plosives become voiced in intervocalic positions.

{| class="wikitable" style="float:center; border: none; text-align:center"
|-
!Shift
!Example
|-
!p → b / V_V
|/ʔu'''p'''a/ → [ʔuˈ'''b'''a]
|-
!t → d / V_V
|/huwu'''t'''uwi/ → [hu.wu.'''d'''uˈɣʷi]1
|-
!k → g / V_V
|/ⁿta'''k'''u/ → [ⁿtaˈ'''g'''u]
|-
|}

===== Dissimilation =====

Word initially, /p t k/ spirantize to [f s x] when the following syllable shares the same onset. Under the same conditions intervocalically, /p t k/ instead affricate to [p͡f t͡s k͡x]:
{| class="wikitable" style="float:center; border: none; text-align:center"
|-
!Word Initial
!Example
!Intervocalic
!Example
|-
!p → f / _Vp
|/'''p'''apa/ → ['''f'''aˈba]
!p → p͡f / V_Vp
|/ᵐpi'''p'''apa/ → [ᵐpi.'''p͡f'''aˈba]
|-
!t → s / _Vt
|/'''t'''utiɹa/ → ['''s'''u.diˈða]
!t → t͡s / V_Vt
|/ᵐpi'''t'''utiɹa/ → [ᵐpi.'''t͡s'''u.diˈða]
|-
!k → x / _Vk
|/'''k'''uka/ → ['''x'''uˈga]
!k → k͡x / V_Vk
|/ᵐpi'''k'''uka/ → [ᵐpi.'''k͡x'''uˈga]
|-
|}

It is theorized that /p t k/ originally affricated in all positions but later spirantized word initially.

==== Approximants ====
==== Fortition ====
/ɹ j w/ fortify to [ð ʝ ɣʷ] when occurring in a stressed syllable:

{|class="wikitable" style="float:center; border: none; text-align:center"
! Shifts
! colspan=2 | Examples
|-
! rowspan=2 | ɹ → ð
|/pa'''ɹ'''a/ → [paˈ'''ð'''a]
|-
|/ki'''ɹ'''i/ → [kiˈ'''ð'''i]
|-
! rowspan=2 | j → ʝ
|/iɹata'''j'''u/ → [i.ɹa.daˈ'''ʝ'''u]
|-
|/ni'''j'''a/ → [niˈ'''ʝ'''a]
|-
! rowspan=2 | w → ɣʷ
|/i'''w'''i/ → [iˈ'''ɣʷ'''i]
|-
|/ku'''w'''a/ → [kuˈ'''ɣʷ'''a]
|-
|}

Notes:
The most common realization of /ɹ/ in stressed syllables is actually [ð̠], a voiced alveolar non-sibilant fricative, but for convenience is typically transcribed as simply [ð].

==== Vowels ====

==== Centralization ====
Vowels preceding /ʔ/ are centralized. /a/ is both centralized and raised:

{| class="wikitable" style="float:center; border: none; text-align:center"
|-
!Shift
!Example
|-
!a → ɐ /_ʔ
|/h'''a'''ʔamu/ → [h'''ɐ'''.ʔaˈmu]2
|-
!u → ʉ /_ʔ
|/han'''u'''ʔa/ → [ha.n'''ʉ'''ˈʔa]2
|-
!i → ɨ /_ʔ
|/p'''i'''ʔa/ → [p'''ɨ'''ˈʔa]
|-
|}

==== Lowering ====
/i/ and /u/ are lowered to [ɛ] and [ɔ], respectively, when preceding nasals and prenasalized consonants:

{| class="wikitable" style="float:center; border: none; text-align:center"
|-
!Shift
!colspan=2 | Examples
|-
!i → ɛ /_N
|/h'''i'''ⁿtu/ → [h'''ɛ'''ˈⁿtu] || /tat'''i'''nu/ → [sa.d'''ɛ'''ˈnu]
|-
!u → ɔ /_N
|/ʔ'''u'''ŋa/ → [ʔ'''ɔ'''ˈŋa] || /k'''u'''maki/ → [k'''ɔ'''.maˈgi]
|-
|}

=== Phonotactics ===

==== Syllable Structure ====
Pangali has a (C)V structure, where a syllable can only contain one vowel, which may or may not be preceded by a consonant. Word initial syllables may occur with either a null onset or with any single consonant except for /ɹ/ and /j/, while word internal syllables may only occur with single consonant onsets. Codas are forbidden in any context, with all syllables being open. This is true even for geminate consonants, thus they are analyzed as single consonants as opposed to a sequence of [VC.CV].

==== Epenthesis ====
In instances where a word ending in a null coda (i.e. all words) is followed by a word beginning with a null onset, an epenthetic /ŋ/ is inserted to replace the null onset. This process is treated as if there is no word boundary, and thus the presence of the epenthetic nasal lowers the preceding vowel if it is high, while in other instances word boundaries would prevent this.
*/hatawu/ + /utunasa/ = [sa.daˈɣʷɔ ŋu.dɔ.naˈða]
**/hatawu/ + /ŋaᵐpinaɹa/ = [sa.daˈɣʷu ŋa.ᵐpi.naˈða]

==== Loanwords ====
Due to the nature of this syllable structure non-conforming loanwords are often heavily altered; although it should be noted that calques are extremely more common in favor of familiarity when possible.
Note the insertion of /u/ to break apart clusters and avoid final consonants in the following example.

*Helicopter: /ˈheliˌkɔptə(ɹ)/ → /hiɹikuputa/

==== Stress ====
Lexical stress in Pangali falls on the final syllable of the root, and this remains true even if derivational suffixes apply.

= Numbers =
Filler text is text that shares some characteristics of a real written text, but is random or otherwise generated. It may be used to display a sample of fonts, generate text for testing, or to spoof an e-mail spam filter. The process of using filler text is sometimes called greeking, although the text itself may be nonsense, or largely Latin, as in Lorem ipsum.
= Nouns =
Filler text is text that shares some characteristics of a real written text, but is random or otherwise generated. It may be used to display a sample of fonts, generate text for testing, or to spoof an e-mail spam filter. The process of using filler text is sometimes called greeking, although the text itself may be nonsense, or largely Latin, as in Lorem ipsum.
= Verbs =
While other languages such as [http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanish_Language Spanish] follow a [http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tense-Aspect-Mood Tense-Aspect-Mood (TAM)] system, in which the three categories are largely conflated amongst conjugation paradigms, Pangali primarily expresses these categories in an agglutinative fashion. Where each category can cleanly be separated morpheme by morpheme.

The 6 categories that verbs in Pangali conjugate for are: Person, Tense, Aspect, Mood, and Evidentiality.

=== Person ===
Filler text is text that shares some characteristics of a real written text, but is random or otherwise generated. It may be used to display a sample of fonts, generate text for testing, or to spoof an e-mail spam filter. The process of using filler text is sometimes called greeking, although the text itself may be nonsense, or largely Latin, as in Lorem ipsum.
=== Tense ===
Filler text is text that shares some characteristics of a real written text, but is random or otherwise generated. It may be used to display a sample of fonts, generate text for testing, or to spoof an e-mail spam filter. The process of using filler text is sometimes called greeking, although the text itself may be nonsense, or largely Latin, as in Lorem ipsum.
==== Present Tense ====
Filler text is text that shares some characteristics of a real written text, but is random or otherwise generated. It may be used to display a sample of fonts, generate text for testing, or to spoof an e-mail spam filter. The process of using filler text is sometimes called greeking, although the text itself may be nonsense, or largely Latin, as in Lorem ipsum.

==== Past Tense ====
Filler text is text that shares some characteristics of a real written text, but is random or otherwise generated. It may be used to display a sample of fonts, generate text for testing, or to spoof an e-mail spam filter. The process of using filler text is sometimes called greeking, although the text itself may be nonsense, or largely Latin, as in Lorem ipsum.

=== Aspect ===
Filler text is text that shares some characteristics of a real written text, but is random or otherwise generated. It may be used to display a sample of fonts, generate text for testing, or to spoof an e-mail spam filter. The process of using filler text is sometimes called greeking, although the text itself may be nonsense, or largely Latin, as in Lorem ipsum.
==== Episodic ====

===== Gnomic =====
===== Habitual =====

==== Stative ====

===== Inchoative =====
===== Cessative =====
===== Progressive =====
===== Continuous =====
===== Discontinuous =====

==== Relative ====

===== Retrospective =====

===== Prospective =====

=== Mood ===

=== Evidentiality ===

= Derivational Morphology =
Filler text is text that shares some characteristics of a real written text, but is random or otherwise generated. It may be used to display a sample of fonts, generate text for testing, or to spoof an e-mail spam filter. The process of using filler text is sometimes called greeking, although the text itself may be nonsense, or largely Latin, as in Lorem ipsum.
= Syntax =

=== Parameter Order ===
Pangali, in line with its use of case marking, allows its speakers to vary their choice of word order. That being said, the default and most neutral order is OSV (Object-Subject-Verb):

[ⁿtɛ.mɔˈmi|wa.ᵐpuˈɟi|ka.ɹu.wi.ɹi.ɡaˈvi]

animal-ACC | father.ERG | CAUS-eat

''The father is feeding the animal''

[ŋa.k͡xu.ɡɔ.maˈmi|wa.ᵐpuˈɟi|i.ɹi.ɡaˈvi|hu|u.na.ŋaˈɡʷu|na.mu.wɛ.naˈvi]

1P.GEN-apple-ACC | father.ERG CAUS-eat | REL | INTRANS-I | fear

''I fear that my father is eating my apple.''

=== Topicalization ===
With the exception of the verb, which must be in the final position of a clause, phrases that are emphasized generally come first in a sentence.

'''Śikimi baúmaliku śuwiwaúśuwi''' (Neutral)

child-ACC bird.ERG DIM-bite

''The bird nipped the child''

-

'''Baúmaliku śikimi śuwiwaúśuwi''' (Emphasis on '''baúmaliku''')

bird.ERG child-ACC DIM-bite

''It was the bird that nipped the child''

Pangali

2019-09-10T23:45:32Z

Kóði: /* Loanwords */

[[Category:Languages]]
[[Category:Conlangs]]
[[Category:Artlangs]]
[[Category:A_priori]]
[[Category:Language_Isolate]]

{{Infobox language
|name = Pangali
|nativename = Ńipańariâ, Pańari
|pronunciation = [ŋi.ba.ŋa.ɹɨˈʔa], [pa.ŋaˈði]
|creator = [[User:Kóði|Sámuel Hiette Kannosíni]] 
|created = August 8th, 2019
|setting =
|fam1 = [[Language Isolate]]
|script = [[w:Latin script|Latin script]] (Romanization, academic)
|brcl = blue
}}

'''Pangali''' (English: /pɑŋˈgɑli/, /peɪŋˈgɑli/, or /pɛnˈgɑli/) is <s>a poorly made attempt at channeling the creator's artistic nature</s> a constructed language developed by Sámuel Hiette Kannosíni for the purposes of his own <s>gasket-blowing frustration</s> enjoyment and glee.
= Introduction =
<big><center> '''[WARNING - ACHTUNG - AVERTISSEMENT]''' </center></big>
This article is '''very much''' a WIP, examples being inconsistency in formatting/style and references to features not yet fleshed out, as well as some small mentionings of a dialect called Luâi. I '''''realize''''' this is the case, however as someone who has ADHD (primarily inattentive type for the curious informed) and is ''extremely'' busy, my ability to consistently and coherently update this article is abysmal at best.

Thanks for understanding, people who obviously care as much as I do! /s

=== Fictional Setting ===
The Pangali language is the language used by the Pangalu, or the Pangali people, an indigenous people of the Pangali island chain, which is located roughly five hundred and thirty kilometers due west of the Phillipines.
Until 2003 they were considered an uncontacted people, but on March 17th, 2003 an exploratory party onboard a rudimentary sailing vessel voyaged from the northern island of Baluwikaûnu towards the Phillipines. Enroute to their destination, however, they were intercepted by the Philippine Coast Guard some two hundred kilometers northeast of the coast of Tandag City and, controversially, detained for a period of 5 months and 23 days.

Official justification for the length of the detainment was given by the Phillipine Department of Foreign Affairs (DFA) soon after the party’s release, stating:

<blockquote>“Due to the immense language and cultural barrier, as well as concern for the potential spread of disease to the isolated people, and questions regarding their motivation for travel made difficult by the aforementioned barriers, quarantine and detainment procedures were deemed not only the most efficient course of action, but also the safest, for all parties involved.”</blockquote>

The following months gave rise to an increase of international attention surrounding the Pangali people and the continuing communication efforts between them and the Philippine Government. It was later announced by the Philippine DFA that the isolated tribe “no longer wishes to be isolated”, and thus were subsequently placed underneath an international spotlight.

Naturally with the indigenous people now slowly but surely increasing contact with the modern world, records of their culture and language are a must in order to maintain a positive relationship, and thus the purpose of this wiki is, succinctly summarized, to address the linguistic side of such matters.

=== Classification ===
The language is classified as an agglutinative language isolate with a tripartite morphosyntatic alignment that declines nouns under a 12 case system and conjugates verbs for person, tense, aspect, and mood. Adjectives are not inflected and have zero-grade derivation for adverbial phrases.
The primary word order is OSV, however due to nouns being heavily inflected other word orders are possible, with SOV being the most prominently encountered alternate order. Whereas in many languages adpositions are used to indicate different relations between phrases, Pangali typically makes use of existing cases or a variation of Suffixaufnahme (also known as case stacking), wherein different cases are combined to carry the function of an adpositional function not normally covered by the standard twelve.

= Phonology =
In spite of its status as a language isolate, the phonological system of Pangali isn't terribly special in comparison to its neighbors in the Philippines or Australia. A simple syllable structure, few (phonemic) vowels, a fair amount of consonants, and stable vowel quality make this language both interesting and soundly (''ha, pun!'') mundane all at the same time.
=== Phoneme Inventory ===
Pangali's consonant inventory weighs in at a respectable 21 phonemic consonants. A unique feature that may be noted is the presence of phonemic prenasalized stops.

The vowels, on the other hand, number only three in terms of phonemic units. As with many languages with small vowel inventories, what vowels that Pangali does have are subject to significant allophonic variation.
{| class="wikitable" style="margin-left:auto; margin-right: auto; border: none; text-align:center"
|+Pangali Consonant Inventory
|-
! colspan=2 |
! Labial
! Alveolar
! Velar
! Glottal
|-
! colspan=2|Nasal
| m {{angbr|m}}
| n {{angbr|n}}
| ŋ {{angbr|ń}}
|
|-
! rowspan=2 | Plosive
! Plain
| p {{angbr|p}}
| t {{angbr|t}}
| k {{angbr|k}}
| ʔ {{angbr|ˆ}}
|-
! Prenasalized
| ᵐp {{angbr|b}}
| ⁿt {{angbr|d}}
| ᵑk {{angbr|g}}
|
|-
! colspan=2|Fricative
|
|
|
| h {{angbr |hr,hj}}
|-
! colspan=2|Approximant
|
|/ɹ/ {{angbr|r}}
|/w/ {{angbr|w}}
|
|-

{| class="wikitable" style="margin-left:auto; margin-right: auto; border: none; text-align:center"
|+Pangali Vowel Inventory
|-
! || Front || Back
|-
! Close
| /i/ {{angbr |i}}
| /u/ {{angbr |u}}
|-
! Open
|/a/ {{angbr |a}}
|
|-
|}

=== Romanization ===
The Pangalu currently have no official writing system but offers to be taught the romanization used in the recorded lexicon produced by academics have been met with enthusiasim.

=== Allophonic Variation ===
==== Plosives ====
Comprising 12 different allophonic variations, Pangali's plosives are the most unstable aspect of the language's phonological inventory.
===== Sonorization =====
Standard Pangali: Plain voiceless plosives become voiced in intervocalic positions.

{| class="wikitable" style="float:center; border: none; text-align:center"
|-
!Shift
!Example
|-
!p → b / V_V
|/ʔu'''p'''a/ → [ʔuˈ'''b'''a]
|-
!t → d / V_V
|/huwu'''t'''uwi/ → [hu.wu.'''d'''uˈɣʷi]1
|-
!k → g / V_V
|/ⁿta'''k'''u/ → [ⁿtaˈ'''g'''u]
|-
|}

===== Dissimilation =====

Word initially, /p t k/ spirantize to [f s x] when the following syllable shares the same onset. Under the same conditions intervocalically, /p t k/ instead affricate to [p͡f t͡s k͡x]:
{| class="wikitable" style="float:center; border: none; text-align:center"
|-
!Word Initial
!Example
!Intervocalic
!Example
|-
!p → f / _Vp
|/'''p'''apa/ → ['''f'''aˈba]
!p → p͡f / V_Vp
|/ᵐpi'''p'''apa/ → [ᵐpi.'''p͡f'''aˈba]
|-
!t → s / _Vt
|/'''t'''utiɹa/ → ['''s'''u.diˈða]
!t → t͡s / V_Vt
|/ᵐpi'''t'''utiɹa/ → [ᵐpi.'''t͡s'''u.diˈða]
|-
!k → x / _Vk
|/'''k'''uka/ → ['''x'''uˈga]
!k → k͡x / V_Vk
|/ᵐpi'''k'''uka/ → [ᵐpi.'''k͡x'''uˈga]
|-
|}

It is theorized that /p t k/ originally affricated in all positions but later spirantized word initially.

==== Approximants ====
==== Fortition ====
/ɹ j w/ fortify to [ð ʝ ɣʷ] when occurring in a stressed syllable:

{|class="wikitable" style="float:center; border: none; text-align:center"
! Shifts
! colspan=2 | Examples
|-
! rowspan=2 | ɹ → ð
|/pa'''ɹ'''a/ → [paˈ'''ð'''a]
|-
|/ki'''ɹ'''i/ → [kiˈ'''ð'''i]
|-
! rowspan=2 | j → ʝ
|/iɹata'''j'''u/ → [i.ɹa.daˈ'''ʝ'''u]
|-
|/ni'''j'''a/ → [niˈ'''ʝ'''a]
|-
! rowspan=2 | w → ɣʷ
|/i'''w'''i/ → [iˈ'''ɣʷ'''i]
|-
|/ku'''w'''a/ → [kuˈ'''ɣʷ'''a]
|-
|}

Notes:
The most common realization of /ɹ/ in stressed syllables is actually [ð̠], a voiced alveolar non-sibilant fricative, but for convenience is typically transcribed as simply [ð].

==== Vowels ====

==== Centralization ====
Vowels preceding /ʔ/ are centralized. /a/ is both centralized and raised:

{| class="wikitable" style="float:center; border: none; text-align:center"
|-
!Shift
!Example
|-
!a → ɐ /_ʔ
|/h'''a'''ʔamu/ → [h'''ɐ'''.ʔaˈmu]2
|-
!u → ʉ /_ʔ
|/han'''u'''ʔa/ → [ha.n'''ʉ'''ˈʔa]2
|-
!i → ɨ /_ʔ
|/p'''i'''ʔa/ → [p'''ɨ'''ˈʔa]
|-
|}

==== Lowering ====
/i/ and /u/ are lowered to [ɛ] and [ɔ], respectively, when preceding nasals and prenasalized consonants:

{| class="wikitable" style="float:center; border: none; text-align:center"
|-
!Shift
!colspan=2 | Examples
|-
!i → ɛ /_N
|/h'''i'''ⁿtu/ → [h'''ɛ'''ˈⁿtu] || /tat'''i'''nu/ → [sa.d'''ɛ'''ˈnu]
|-
!u → ɔ /_N
|/ʔ'''u'''ŋa/ → [ʔ'''ɔ'''ˈŋa] || /k'''u'''maki/ → [k'''ɔ'''.maˈgi]
|-
|}

=== Phonotactics ===

==== Syllable Structure ====
Pangali has a (C)V structure, where a syllable can only contain one vowel, which may or may not be preceded by a consonant. Word initial syllables may occur with either a null onset or with any single consonant except for /ɹ/ and /j/, while word internal syllables may only occur with single consonant onsets. Codas are forbidden in any context, with all syllables being open. This is true even for geminate consonants, thus they are analyzed as single consonants as opposed to a sequence of [VC.CV].

==== Epenthesis ====
In instances where a word ending in a null coda (i.e. all words) is followed by a word beginning with a null onset, an epenthetic /ŋ/ is inserted to replace the null onset. This process is treated as if there is no word boundary, and thus the presence of the epenthetic nasal lowers the preceding vowel if it is high, while in other instances word boundaries would prevent this.
*/satawu/ + /ulunasa/ = [sa.daˈgʷɔ ŋu.lɔˈna.sa]
**/satawu/ + /ŋaᵐpinasa/ = [sa.daˈgʷu ˈŋa.ᵐpi.na.zə]

==== Loanwords ====
Due to the nature of this syllable structure non-conforming loanwords are often heavily altered; although it should be noted that calques are extremely more common in favor of familiarity when possible.
Note the insertion of /u/ to break apart clusters and avoid final consonants in the following example.

*Helicopter: /ˈheliˌkɔptə(ɹ)/ → /hiɹikuputa/

==== Stress ====
Lexical stress in Pangali falls on the final syllable of the root, and this remains true even if derivational suffixes apply.

= Numbers =
Filler text is text that shares some characteristics of a real written text, but is random or otherwise generated. It may be used to display a sample of fonts, generate text for testing, or to spoof an e-mail spam filter. The process of using filler text is sometimes called greeking, although the text itself may be nonsense, or largely Latin, as in Lorem ipsum.
= Nouns =
Filler text is text that shares some characteristics of a real written text, but is random or otherwise generated. It may be used to display a sample of fonts, generate text for testing, or to spoof an e-mail spam filter. The process of using filler text is sometimes called greeking, although the text itself may be nonsense, or largely Latin, as in Lorem ipsum.
= Verbs =
While other languages such as [http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanish_Language Spanish] follow a [http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tense-Aspect-Mood Tense-Aspect-Mood (TAM)] system, in which the three categories are largely conflated amongst conjugation paradigms, Pangali primarily expresses these categories in an agglutinative fashion. Where each category can cleanly be separated morpheme by morpheme.

The 6 categories that verbs in Pangali conjugate for are: Person, Tense, Aspect, Mood, and Evidentiality.

=== Person ===
Filler text is text that shares some characteristics of a real written text, but is random or otherwise generated. It may be used to display a sample of fonts, generate text for testing, or to spoof an e-mail spam filter. The process of using filler text is sometimes called greeking, although the text itself may be nonsense, or largely Latin, as in Lorem ipsum.
=== Tense ===
Filler text is text that shares some characteristics of a real written text, but is random or otherwise generated. It may be used to display a sample of fonts, generate text for testing, or to spoof an e-mail spam filter. The process of using filler text is sometimes called greeking, although the text itself may be nonsense, or largely Latin, as in Lorem ipsum.
==== Present Tense ====
Filler text is text that shares some characteristics of a real written text, but is random or otherwise generated. It may be used to display a sample of fonts, generate text for testing, or to spoof an e-mail spam filter. The process of using filler text is sometimes called greeking, although the text itself may be nonsense, or largely Latin, as in Lorem ipsum.

==== Past Tense ====
Filler text is text that shares some characteristics of a real written text, but is random or otherwise generated. It may be used to display a sample of fonts, generate text for testing, or to spoof an e-mail spam filter. The process of using filler text is sometimes called greeking, although the text itself may be nonsense, or largely Latin, as in Lorem ipsum.

=== Aspect ===
Filler text is text that shares some characteristics of a real written text, but is random or otherwise generated. It may be used to display a sample of fonts, generate text for testing, or to spoof an e-mail spam filter. The process of using filler text is sometimes called greeking, although the text itself may be nonsense, or largely Latin, as in Lorem ipsum.
==== Episodic ====

===== Gnomic =====
===== Habitual =====

==== Stative ====

===== Inchoative =====
===== Cessative =====
===== Progressive =====
===== Continuous =====
===== Discontinuous =====

==== Relative ====

===== Retrospective =====

===== Prospective =====

=== Mood ===

=== Evidentiality ===

= Derivational Morphology =
Filler text is text that shares some characteristics of a real written text, but is random or otherwise generated. It may be used to display a sample of fonts, generate text for testing, or to spoof an e-mail spam filter. The process of using filler text is sometimes called greeking, although the text itself may be nonsense, or largely Latin, as in Lorem ipsum.
= Syntax =

=== Parameter Order ===
Pangali, in line with its use of case marking, allows its speakers to vary their choice of word order. That being said, the default and most neutral order is OSV (Object-Subject-Verb):

[ⁿtɛ.mɔˈmi|wa.ᵐpuˈɟi|ka.ɹu.wi.ɹi.ɡaˈvi]

animal-ACC | father.ERG | CAUS-eat

''The father is feeding the animal''

[ŋa.k͡xu.ɡɔ.maˈmi|wa.ᵐpuˈɟi|i.ɹi.ɡaˈvi|hu|u.na.ŋaˈɡʷu|na.mu.wɛ.naˈvi]

1P.GEN-apple-ACC | father.ERG CAUS-eat | REL | INTRANS-I | fear

''I fear that my father is eating my apple.''

=== Topicalization ===
With the exception of the verb, which must be in the final position of a clause, phrases that are emphasized generally come first in a sentence.

'''Śikimi baúmaliku śuwiwaúśuwi''' (Neutral)

child-ACC bird.ERG DIM-bite

''The bird nipped the child''

-

'''Baúmaliku śikimi śuwiwaúśuwi''' (Emphasis on '''baúmaliku''')

bird.ERG child-ACC DIM-bite

''It was the bird that nipped the child''

Pangali

2019-09-10T23:45:21Z

Kóði: /* Loanwords */

[[Category:Languages]]
[[Category:Conlangs]]
[[Category:Artlangs]]
[[Category:A_priori]]
[[Category:Language_Isolate]]

{{Infobox language
|name = Pangali
|nativename = Ńipańariâ, Pańari
|pronunciation = [ŋi.ba.ŋa.ɹɨˈʔa], [pa.ŋaˈði]
|creator = [[User:Kóði|Sámuel Hiette Kannosíni]] 
|created = August 8th, 2019
|setting =
|fam1 = [[Language Isolate]]
|script = [[w:Latin script|Latin script]] (Romanization, academic)
|brcl = blue
}}

'''Pangali''' (English: /pɑŋˈgɑli/, /peɪŋˈgɑli/, or /pɛnˈgɑli/) is <s>a poorly made attempt at channeling the creator's artistic nature</s> a constructed language developed by Sámuel Hiette Kannosíni for the purposes of his own <s>gasket-blowing frustration</s> enjoyment and glee.
= Introduction =
<big><center> '''[WARNING - ACHTUNG - AVERTISSEMENT]''' </center></big>
This article is '''very much''' a WIP, examples being inconsistency in formatting/style and references to features not yet fleshed out, as well as some small mentionings of a dialect called Luâi. I '''''realize''''' this is the case, however as someone who has ADHD (primarily inattentive type for the curious informed) and is ''extremely'' busy, my ability to consistently and coherently update this article is abysmal at best.

Thanks for understanding, people who obviously care as much as I do! /s

=== Fictional Setting ===
The Pangali language is the language used by the Pangalu, or the Pangali people, an indigenous people of the Pangali island chain, which is located roughly five hundred and thirty kilometers due west of the Phillipines.
Until 2003 they were considered an uncontacted people, but on March 17th, 2003 an exploratory party onboard a rudimentary sailing vessel voyaged from the northern island of Baluwikaûnu towards the Phillipines. Enroute to their destination, however, they were intercepted by the Philippine Coast Guard some two hundred kilometers northeast of the coast of Tandag City and, controversially, detained for a period of 5 months and 23 days.

Official justification for the length of the detainment was given by the Phillipine Department of Foreign Affairs (DFA) soon after the party’s release, stating:

<blockquote>“Due to the immense language and cultural barrier, as well as concern for the potential spread of disease to the isolated people, and questions regarding their motivation for travel made difficult by the aforementioned barriers, quarantine and detainment procedures were deemed not only the most efficient course of action, but also the safest, for all parties involved.”</blockquote>

The following months gave rise to an increase of international attention surrounding the Pangali people and the continuing communication efforts between them and the Philippine Government. It was later announced by the Philippine DFA that the isolated tribe “no longer wishes to be isolated”, and thus were subsequently placed underneath an international spotlight.

Naturally with the indigenous people now slowly but surely increasing contact with the modern world, records of their culture and language are a must in order to maintain a positive relationship, and thus the purpose of this wiki is, succinctly summarized, to address the linguistic side of such matters.

=== Classification ===
The language is classified as an agglutinative language isolate with a tripartite morphosyntatic alignment that declines nouns under a 12 case system and conjugates verbs for person, tense, aspect, and mood. Adjectives are not inflected and have zero-grade derivation for adverbial phrases.
The primary word order is OSV, however due to nouns being heavily inflected other word orders are possible, with SOV being the most prominently encountered alternate order. Whereas in many languages adpositions are used to indicate different relations between phrases, Pangali typically makes use of existing cases or a variation of Suffixaufnahme (also known as case stacking), wherein different cases are combined to carry the function of an adpositional function not normally covered by the standard twelve.

= Phonology =
In spite of its status as a language isolate, the phonological system of Pangali isn't terribly special in comparison to its neighbors in the Philippines or Australia. A simple syllable structure, few (phonemic) vowels, a fair amount of consonants, and stable vowel quality make this language both interesting and soundly (''ha, pun!'') mundane all at the same time.
=== Phoneme Inventory ===
Pangali's consonant inventory weighs in at a respectable 21 phonemic consonants. A unique feature that may be noted is the presence of phonemic prenasalized stops.

The vowels, on the other hand, number only three in terms of phonemic units. As with many languages with small vowel inventories, what vowels that Pangali does have are subject to significant allophonic variation.
{| class="wikitable" style="margin-left:auto; margin-right: auto; border: none; text-align:center"
|+Pangali Consonant Inventory
|-
! colspan=2 |
! Labial
! Alveolar
! Velar
! Glottal
|-
! colspan=2|Nasal
| m {{angbr|m}}
| n {{angbr|n}}
| ŋ {{angbr|ń}}
|
|-
! rowspan=2 | Plosive
! Plain
| p {{angbr|p}}
| t {{angbr|t}}
| k {{angbr|k}}
| ʔ {{angbr|ˆ}}
|-
! Prenasalized
| ᵐp {{angbr|b}}
| ⁿt {{angbr|d}}
| ᵑk {{angbr|g}}
|
|-
! colspan=2|Fricative
|
|
|
| h {{angbr |hr,hj}}
|-
! colspan=2|Approximant
|
|/ɹ/ {{angbr|r}}
|/w/ {{angbr|w}}
|
|-

{| class="wikitable" style="margin-left:auto; margin-right: auto; border: none; text-align:center"
|+Pangali Vowel Inventory
|-
! || Front || Back
|-
! Close
| /i/ {{angbr |i}}
| /u/ {{angbr |u}}
|-
! Open
|/a/ {{angbr |a}}
|
|-
|}

=== Romanization ===
The Pangalu currently have no official writing system but offers to be taught the romanization used in the recorded lexicon produced by academics have been met with enthusiasim.

=== Allophonic Variation ===
==== Plosives ====
Comprising 12 different allophonic variations, Pangali's plosives are the most unstable aspect of the language's phonological inventory.
===== Sonorization =====
Standard Pangali: Plain voiceless plosives become voiced in intervocalic positions.

{| class="wikitable" style="float:center; border: none; text-align:center"
|-
!Shift
!Example
|-
!p → b / V_V
|/ʔu'''p'''a/ → [ʔuˈ'''b'''a]
|-
!t → d / V_V
|/huwu'''t'''uwi/ → [hu.wu.'''d'''uˈɣʷi]1
|-
!k → g / V_V
|/ⁿta'''k'''u/ → [ⁿtaˈ'''g'''u]
|-
|}

===== Dissimilation =====

Word initially, /p t k/ spirantize to [f s x] when the following syllable shares the same onset. Under the same conditions intervocalically, /p t k/ instead affricate to [p͡f t͡s k͡x]:
{| class="wikitable" style="float:center; border: none; text-align:center"
|-
!Word Initial
!Example
!Intervocalic
!Example
|-
!p → f / _Vp
|/'''p'''apa/ → ['''f'''aˈba]
!p → p͡f / V_Vp
|/ᵐpi'''p'''apa/ → [ᵐpi.'''p͡f'''aˈba]
|-
!t → s / _Vt
|/'''t'''utiɹa/ → ['''s'''u.diˈða]
!t → t͡s / V_Vt
|/ᵐpi'''t'''utiɹa/ → [ᵐpi.'''t͡s'''u.diˈða]
|-
!k → x / _Vk
|/'''k'''uka/ → ['''x'''uˈga]
!k → k͡x / V_Vk
|/ᵐpi'''k'''uka/ → [ᵐpi.'''k͡x'''uˈga]
|-
|}

It is theorized that /p t k/ originally affricated in all positions but later spirantized word initially.

==== Approximants ====
==== Fortition ====
/ɹ j w/ fortify to [ð ʝ ɣʷ] when occurring in a stressed syllable:

{|class="wikitable" style="float:center; border: none; text-align:center"
! Shifts
! colspan=2 | Examples
|-
! rowspan=2 | ɹ → ð
|/pa'''ɹ'''a/ → [paˈ'''ð'''a]
|-
|/ki'''ɹ'''i/ → [kiˈ'''ð'''i]
|-
! rowspan=2 | j → ʝ
|/iɹata'''j'''u/ → [i.ɹa.daˈ'''ʝ'''u]
|-
|/ni'''j'''a/ → [niˈ'''ʝ'''a]
|-
! rowspan=2 | w → ɣʷ
|/i'''w'''i/ → [iˈ'''ɣʷ'''i]
|-
|/ku'''w'''a/ → [kuˈ'''ɣʷ'''a]
|-
|}

Notes:
The most common realization of /ɹ/ in stressed syllables is actually [ð̠], a voiced alveolar non-sibilant fricative, but for convenience is typically transcribed as simply [ð].

==== Vowels ====

==== Centralization ====
Vowels preceding /ʔ/ are centralized. /a/ is both centralized and raised:

{| class="wikitable" style="float:center; border: none; text-align:center"
|-
!Shift
!Example
|-
!a → ɐ /_ʔ
|/h'''a'''ʔamu/ → [h'''ɐ'''.ʔaˈmu]2
|-
!u → ʉ /_ʔ
|/han'''u'''ʔa/ → [ha.n'''ʉ'''ˈʔa]2
|-
!i → ɨ /_ʔ
|/p'''i'''ʔa/ → [p'''ɨ'''ˈʔa]
|-
|}

==== Lowering ====
/i/ and /u/ are lowered to [ɛ] and [ɔ], respectively, when preceding nasals and prenasalized consonants:

{| class="wikitable" style="float:center; border: none; text-align:center"
|-
!Shift
!colspan=2 | Examples
|-
!i → ɛ /_N
|/h'''i'''ⁿtu/ → [h'''ɛ'''ˈⁿtu] || /tat'''i'''nu/ → [sa.d'''ɛ'''ˈnu]
|-
!u → ɔ /_N
|/ʔ'''u'''ŋa/ → [ʔ'''ɔ'''ˈŋa] || /k'''u'''maki/ → [k'''ɔ'''.maˈgi]
|-
|}

=== Phonotactics ===

==== Syllable Structure ====
Pangali has a (C)V structure, where a syllable can only contain one vowel, which may or may not be preceded by a consonant. Word initial syllables may occur with either a null onset or with any single consonant except for /ɹ/ and /j/, while word internal syllables may only occur with single consonant onsets. Codas are forbidden in any context, with all syllables being open. This is true even for geminate consonants, thus they are analyzed as single consonants as opposed to a sequence of [VC.CV].

==== Epenthesis ====
In instances where a word ending in a null coda (i.e. all words) is followed by a word beginning with a null onset, an epenthetic /ŋ/ is inserted to replace the null onset. This process is treated as if there is no word boundary, and thus the presence of the epenthetic nasal lowers the preceding vowel if it is high, while in other instances word boundaries would prevent this.
*/satawu/ + /ulunasa/ = [sa.daˈgʷɔ ŋu.lɔˈna.sa]
**/satawu/ + /ŋaᵐpinasa/ = [sa.daˈgʷu ˈŋa.ᵐpi.na.zə]

==== Loanwords ====
Due to the nature of this syllable structure non-conforming loanwords are often heavily altered; although it should be noted that calques are extremely more common in favor of familiarity when possible.
Note the insertion of /u/ to break apart clusters and avoid final consonants in the following example.

*Helicopter: /ˈheliˌkɔptə(ɹ)/ → /hiɹikuputa/, [hi.ɹi.gu.buˈda]

==== Stress ====
Lexical stress in Pangali falls on the final syllable of the root, and this remains true even if derivational suffixes apply.

= Numbers =
Filler text is text that shares some characteristics of a real written text, but is random or otherwise generated. It may be used to display a sample of fonts, generate text for testing, or to spoof an e-mail spam filter. The process of using filler text is sometimes called greeking, although the text itself may be nonsense, or largely Latin, as in Lorem ipsum.
= Nouns =
Filler text is text that shares some characteristics of a real written text, but is random or otherwise generated. It may be used to display a sample of fonts, generate text for testing, or to spoof an e-mail spam filter. The process of using filler text is sometimes called greeking, although the text itself may be nonsense, or largely Latin, as in Lorem ipsum.
= Verbs =
While other languages such as [http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanish_Language Spanish] follow a [http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tense-Aspect-Mood Tense-Aspect-Mood (TAM)] system, in which the three categories are largely conflated amongst conjugation paradigms, Pangali primarily expresses these categories in an agglutinative fashion. Where each category can cleanly be separated morpheme by morpheme.

The 6 categories that verbs in Pangali conjugate for are: Person, Tense, Aspect, Mood, and Evidentiality.

=== Person ===
Filler text is text that shares some characteristics of a real written text, but is random or otherwise generated. It may be used to display a sample of fonts, generate text for testing, or to spoof an e-mail spam filter. The process of using filler text is sometimes called greeking, although the text itself may be nonsense, or largely Latin, as in Lorem ipsum.
=== Tense ===
Filler text is text that shares some characteristics of a real written text, but is random or otherwise generated. It may be used to display a sample of fonts, generate text for testing, or to spoof an e-mail spam filter. The process of using filler text is sometimes called greeking, although the text itself may be nonsense, or largely Latin, as in Lorem ipsum.
==== Present Tense ====
Filler text is text that shares some characteristics of a real written text, but is random or otherwise generated. It may be used to display a sample of fonts, generate text for testing, or to spoof an e-mail spam filter. The process of using filler text is sometimes called greeking, although the text itself may be nonsense, or largely Latin, as in Lorem ipsum.

==== Past Tense ====
Filler text is text that shares some characteristics of a real written text, but is random or otherwise generated. It may be used to display a sample of fonts, generate text for testing, or to spoof an e-mail spam filter. The process of using filler text is sometimes called greeking, although the text itself may be nonsense, or largely Latin, as in Lorem ipsum.

=== Aspect ===
Filler text is text that shares some characteristics of a real written text, but is random or otherwise generated. It may be used to display a sample of fonts, generate text for testing, or to spoof an e-mail spam filter. The process of using filler text is sometimes called greeking, although the text itself may be nonsense, or largely Latin, as in Lorem ipsum.
==== Episodic ====

===== Gnomic =====
===== Habitual =====

==== Stative ====

===== Inchoative =====
===== Cessative =====
===== Progressive =====
===== Continuous =====
===== Discontinuous =====

==== Relative ====

===== Retrospective =====

===== Prospective =====

=== Mood ===

=== Evidentiality ===

= Derivational Morphology =
Filler text is text that shares some characteristics of a real written text, but is random or otherwise generated. It may be used to display a sample of fonts, generate text for testing, or to spoof an e-mail spam filter. The process of using filler text is sometimes called greeking, although the text itself may be nonsense, or largely Latin, as in Lorem ipsum.
= Syntax =

=== Parameter Order ===
Pangali, in line with its use of case marking, allows its speakers to vary their choice of word order. That being said, the default and most neutral order is OSV (Object-Subject-Verb):

[ⁿtɛ.mɔˈmi|wa.ᵐpuˈɟi|ka.ɹu.wi.ɹi.ɡaˈvi]

animal-ACC | father.ERG | CAUS-eat

''The father is feeding the animal''

[ŋa.k͡xu.ɡɔ.maˈmi|wa.ᵐpuˈɟi|i.ɹi.ɡaˈvi|hu|u.na.ŋaˈɡʷu|na.mu.wɛ.naˈvi]

1P.GEN-apple-ACC | father.ERG CAUS-eat | REL | INTRANS-I | fear

''I fear that my father is eating my apple.''

=== Topicalization ===
With the exception of the verb, which must be in the final position of a clause, phrases that are emphasized generally come first in a sentence.

'''Śikimi baúmaliku śuwiwaúśuwi''' (Neutral)

child-ACC bird.ERG DIM-bite

''The bird nipped the child''

-

'''Baúmaliku śikimi śuwiwaúśuwi''' (Emphasis on '''baúmaliku''')

bird.ERG child-ACC DIM-bite

''It was the bird that nipped the child''

Pangali

2019-09-10T23:44:59Z

Kóði: /* Loanwords */

[[Category:Languages]]
[[Category:Conlangs]]
[[Category:Artlangs]]
[[Category:A_priori]]
[[Category:Language_Isolate]]

{{Infobox language
|name = Pangali
|nativename = Ńipańariâ, Pańari
|pronunciation = [ŋi.ba.ŋa.ɹɨˈʔa], [pa.ŋaˈði]
|creator = [[User:Kóði|Sámuel Hiette Kannosíni]] 
|created = August 8th, 2019
|setting =
|fam1 = [[Language Isolate]]
|script = [[w:Latin script|Latin script]] (Romanization, academic)
|brcl = blue
}}

'''Pangali''' (English: /pɑŋˈgɑli/, /peɪŋˈgɑli/, or /pɛnˈgɑli/) is <s>a poorly made attempt at channeling the creator's artistic nature</s> a constructed language developed by Sámuel Hiette Kannosíni for the purposes of his own <s>gasket-blowing frustration</s> enjoyment and glee.
= Introduction =
<big><center> '''[WARNING - ACHTUNG - AVERTISSEMENT]''' </center></big>
This article is '''very much''' a WIP, examples being inconsistency in formatting/style and references to features not yet fleshed out, as well as some small mentionings of a dialect called Luâi. I '''''realize''''' this is the case, however as someone who has ADHD (primarily inattentive type for the curious informed) and is ''extremely'' busy, my ability to consistently and coherently update this article is abysmal at best.

Thanks for understanding, people who obviously care as much as I do! /s

=== Fictional Setting ===
The Pangali language is the language used by the Pangalu, or the Pangali people, an indigenous people of the Pangali island chain, which is located roughly five hundred and thirty kilometers due west of the Phillipines.
Until 2003 they were considered an uncontacted people, but on March 17th, 2003 an exploratory party onboard a rudimentary sailing vessel voyaged from the northern island of Baluwikaûnu towards the Phillipines. Enroute to their destination, however, they were intercepted by the Philippine Coast Guard some two hundred kilometers northeast of the coast of Tandag City and, controversially, detained for a period of 5 months and 23 days.

Official justification for the length of the detainment was given by the Phillipine Department of Foreign Affairs (DFA) soon after the party’s release, stating:

<blockquote>“Due to the immense language and cultural barrier, as well as concern for the potential spread of disease to the isolated people, and questions regarding their motivation for travel made difficult by the aforementioned barriers, quarantine and detainment procedures were deemed not only the most efficient course of action, but also the safest, for all parties involved.”</blockquote>

The following months gave rise to an increase of international attention surrounding the Pangali people and the continuing communication efforts between them and the Philippine Government. It was later announced by the Philippine DFA that the isolated tribe “no longer wishes to be isolated”, and thus were subsequently placed underneath an international spotlight.

Naturally with the indigenous people now slowly but surely increasing contact with the modern world, records of their culture and language are a must in order to maintain a positive relationship, and thus the purpose of this wiki is, succinctly summarized, to address the linguistic side of such matters.

=== Classification ===
The language is classified as an agglutinative language isolate with a tripartite morphosyntatic alignment that declines nouns under a 12 case system and conjugates verbs for person, tense, aspect, and mood. Adjectives are not inflected and have zero-grade derivation for adverbial phrases.
The primary word order is OSV, however due to nouns being heavily inflected other word orders are possible, with SOV being the most prominently encountered alternate order. Whereas in many languages adpositions are used to indicate different relations between phrases, Pangali typically makes use of existing cases or a variation of Suffixaufnahme (also known as case stacking), wherein different cases are combined to carry the function of an adpositional function not normally covered by the standard twelve.

= Phonology =
In spite of its status as a language isolate, the phonological system of Pangali isn't terribly special in comparison to its neighbors in the Philippines or Australia. A simple syllable structure, few (phonemic) vowels, a fair amount of consonants, and stable vowel quality make this language both interesting and soundly (''ha, pun!'') mundane all at the same time.
=== Phoneme Inventory ===
Pangali's consonant inventory weighs in at a respectable 21 phonemic consonants. A unique feature that may be noted is the presence of phonemic prenasalized stops.

The vowels, on the other hand, number only three in terms of phonemic units. As with many languages with small vowel inventories, what vowels that Pangali does have are subject to significant allophonic variation.
{| class="wikitable" style="margin-left:auto; margin-right: auto; border: none; text-align:center"
|+Pangali Consonant Inventory
|-
! colspan=2 |
! Labial
! Alveolar
! Velar
! Glottal
|-
! colspan=2|Nasal
| m {{angbr|m}}
| n {{angbr|n}}
| ŋ {{angbr|ń}}
|
|-
! rowspan=2 | Plosive
! Plain
| p {{angbr|p}}
| t {{angbr|t}}
| k {{angbr|k}}
| ʔ {{angbr|ˆ}}
|-
! Prenasalized
| ᵐp {{angbr|b}}
| ⁿt {{angbr|d}}
| ᵑk {{angbr|g}}
|
|-
! colspan=2|Fricative
|
|
|
| h {{angbr |hr,hj}}
|-
! colspan=2|Approximant
|
|/ɹ/ {{angbr|r}}
|/w/ {{angbr|w}}
|
|-

{| class="wikitable" style="margin-left:auto; margin-right: auto; border: none; text-align:center"
|+Pangali Vowel Inventory
|-
! || Front || Back
|-
! Close
| /i/ {{angbr |i}}
| /u/ {{angbr |u}}
|-
! Open
|/a/ {{angbr |a}}
|
|-
|}

=== Romanization ===
The Pangalu currently have no official writing system but offers to be taught the romanization used in the recorded lexicon produced by academics have been met with enthusiasim.

=== Allophonic Variation ===
==== Plosives ====
Comprising 12 different allophonic variations, Pangali's plosives are the most unstable aspect of the language's phonological inventory.
===== Sonorization =====
Standard Pangali: Plain voiceless plosives become voiced in intervocalic positions.

{| class="wikitable" style="float:center; border: none; text-align:center"
|-
!Shift
!Example
|-
!p → b / V_V
|/ʔu'''p'''a/ → [ʔuˈ'''b'''a]
|-
!t → d / V_V
|/huwu'''t'''uwi/ → [hu.wu.'''d'''uˈɣʷi]1
|-
!k → g / V_V
|/ⁿta'''k'''u/ → [ⁿtaˈ'''g'''u]
|-
|}

===== Dissimilation =====

Word initially, /p t k/ spirantize to [f s x] when the following syllable shares the same onset. Under the same conditions intervocalically, /p t k/ instead affricate to [p͡f t͡s k͡x]:
{| class="wikitable" style="float:center; border: none; text-align:center"
|-
!Word Initial
!Example
!Intervocalic
!Example
|-
!p → f / _Vp
|/'''p'''apa/ → ['''f'''aˈba]
!p → p͡f / V_Vp
|/ᵐpi'''p'''apa/ → [ᵐpi.'''p͡f'''aˈba]
|-
!t → s / _Vt
|/'''t'''utiɹa/ → ['''s'''u.diˈða]
!t → t͡s / V_Vt
|/ᵐpi'''t'''utiɹa/ → [ᵐpi.'''t͡s'''u.diˈða]
|-
!k → x / _Vk
|/'''k'''uka/ → ['''x'''uˈga]
!k → k͡x / V_Vk
|/ᵐpi'''k'''uka/ → [ᵐpi.'''k͡x'''uˈga]
|-
|}

It is theorized that /p t k/ originally affricated in all positions but later spirantized word initially.

==== Approximants ====
==== Fortition ====
/ɹ j w/ fortify to [ð ʝ ɣʷ] when occurring in a stressed syllable:

{|class="wikitable" style="float:center; border: none; text-align:center"
! Shifts
! colspan=2 | Examples
|-
! rowspan=2 | ɹ → ð
|/pa'''ɹ'''a/ → [paˈ'''ð'''a]
|-
|/ki'''ɹ'''i/ → [kiˈ'''ð'''i]
|-
! rowspan=2 | j → ʝ
|/iɹata'''j'''u/ → [i.ɹa.daˈ'''ʝ'''u]
|-
|/ni'''j'''a/ → [niˈ'''ʝ'''a]
|-
! rowspan=2 | w → ɣʷ
|/i'''w'''i/ → [iˈ'''ɣʷ'''i]
|-
|/ku'''w'''a/ → [kuˈ'''ɣʷ'''a]
|-
|}

Notes:
The most common realization of /ɹ/ in stressed syllables is actually [ð̠], a voiced alveolar non-sibilant fricative, but for convenience is typically transcribed as simply [ð].

==== Vowels ====

==== Centralization ====
Vowels preceding /ʔ/ are centralized. /a/ is both centralized and raised:

{| class="wikitable" style="float:center; border: none; text-align:center"
|-
!Shift
!Example
|-
!a → ɐ /_ʔ
|/h'''a'''ʔamu/ → [h'''ɐ'''.ʔaˈmu]2
|-
!u → ʉ /_ʔ
|/han'''u'''ʔa/ → [ha.n'''ʉ'''ˈʔa]2
|-
!i → ɨ /_ʔ
|/p'''i'''ʔa/ → [p'''ɨ'''ˈʔa]
|-
|}

==== Lowering ====
/i/ and /u/ are lowered to [ɛ] and [ɔ], respectively, when preceding nasals and prenasalized consonants:

{| class="wikitable" style="float:center; border: none; text-align:center"
|-
!Shift
!colspan=2 | Examples
|-
!i → ɛ /_N
|/h'''i'''ⁿtu/ → [h'''ɛ'''ˈⁿtu] || /tat'''i'''nu/ → [sa.d'''ɛ'''ˈnu]
|-
!u → ɔ /_N
|/ʔ'''u'''ŋa/ → [ʔ'''ɔ'''ˈŋa] || /k'''u'''maki/ → [k'''ɔ'''.maˈgi]
|-
|}

=== Phonotactics ===

==== Syllable Structure ====
Pangali has a (C)V structure, where a syllable can only contain one vowel, which may or may not be preceded by a consonant. Word initial syllables may occur with either a null onset or with any single consonant except for /ɹ/ and /j/, while word internal syllables may only occur with single consonant onsets. Codas are forbidden in any context, with all syllables being open. This is true even for geminate consonants, thus they are analyzed as single consonants as opposed to a sequence of [VC.CV].

==== Epenthesis ====
In instances where a word ending in a null coda (i.e. all words) is followed by a word beginning with a null onset, an epenthetic /ŋ/ is inserted to replace the null onset. This process is treated as if there is no word boundary, and thus the presence of the epenthetic nasal lowers the preceding vowel if it is high, while in other instances word boundaries would prevent this.
*/satawu/ + /ulunasa/ = [sa.daˈgʷɔ ŋu.lɔˈna.sa]
**/satawu/ + /ŋaᵐpinasa/ = [sa.daˈgʷu ˈŋa.ᵐpi.na.zə]

==== Loanwords ====
Due to the nature of this syllable structure non-conforming loanwords are often heavily altered; although it should be noted that calques are extremely more common in favor of familiarity when possible.
Note the insertion of /u/ to break apart clusters and avoid final consonants in the following example.

*Helicopter: /ˈheliˌkɔptə(ɹ)/ > /hiɹikuputa/, [hi.ɹi.gu.buˈda]

==== Stress ====
Lexical stress in Pangali falls on the final syllable of the root, and this remains true even if derivational suffixes apply.

= Numbers =
Filler text is text that shares some characteristics of a real written text, but is random or otherwise generated. It may be used to display a sample of fonts, generate text for testing, or to spoof an e-mail spam filter. The process of using filler text is sometimes called greeking, although the text itself may be nonsense, or largely Latin, as in Lorem ipsum.
= Nouns =
Filler text is text that shares some characteristics of a real written text, but is random or otherwise generated. It may be used to display a sample of fonts, generate text for testing, or to spoof an e-mail spam filter. The process of using filler text is sometimes called greeking, although the text itself may be nonsense, or largely Latin, as in Lorem ipsum.
= Verbs =
While other languages such as [http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanish_Language Spanish] follow a [http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tense-Aspect-Mood Tense-Aspect-Mood (TAM)] system, in which the three categories are largely conflated amongst conjugation paradigms, Pangali primarily expresses these categories in an agglutinative fashion. Where each category can cleanly be separated morpheme by morpheme.

The 6 categories that verbs in Pangali conjugate for are: Person, Tense, Aspect, Mood, and Evidentiality.

=== Person ===
Filler text is text that shares some characteristics of a real written text, but is random or otherwise generated. It may be used to display a sample of fonts, generate text for testing, or to spoof an e-mail spam filter. The process of using filler text is sometimes called greeking, although the text itself may be nonsense, or largely Latin, as in Lorem ipsum.
=== Tense ===
Filler text is text that shares some characteristics of a real written text, but is random or otherwise generated. It may be used to display a sample of fonts, generate text for testing, or to spoof an e-mail spam filter. The process of using filler text is sometimes called greeking, although the text itself may be nonsense, or largely Latin, as in Lorem ipsum.
==== Present Tense ====
Filler text is text that shares some characteristics of a real written text, but is random or otherwise generated. It may be used to display a sample of fonts, generate text for testing, or to spoof an e-mail spam filter. The process of using filler text is sometimes called greeking, although the text itself may be nonsense, or largely Latin, as in Lorem ipsum.

==== Past Tense ====
Filler text is text that shares some characteristics of a real written text, but is random or otherwise generated. It may be used to display a sample of fonts, generate text for testing, or to spoof an e-mail spam filter. The process of using filler text is sometimes called greeking, although the text itself may be nonsense, or largely Latin, as in Lorem ipsum.

=== Aspect ===
Filler text is text that shares some characteristics of a real written text, but is random or otherwise generated. It may be used to display a sample of fonts, generate text for testing, or to spoof an e-mail spam filter. The process of using filler text is sometimes called greeking, although the text itself may be nonsense, or largely Latin, as in Lorem ipsum.
==== Episodic ====

===== Gnomic =====
===== Habitual =====

==== Stative ====

===== Inchoative =====
===== Cessative =====
===== Progressive =====
===== Continuous =====
===== Discontinuous =====

==== Relative ====

===== Retrospective =====

===== Prospective =====

=== Mood ===

=== Evidentiality ===

= Derivational Morphology =
Filler text is text that shares some characteristics of a real written text, but is random or otherwise generated. It may be used to display a sample of fonts, generate text for testing, or to spoof an e-mail spam filter. The process of using filler text is sometimes called greeking, although the text itself may be nonsense, or largely Latin, as in Lorem ipsum.
= Syntax =

=== Parameter Order ===
Pangali, in line with its use of case marking, allows its speakers to vary their choice of word order. That being said, the default and most neutral order is OSV (Object-Subject-Verb):

[ⁿtɛ.mɔˈmi|wa.ᵐpuˈɟi|ka.ɹu.wi.ɹi.ɡaˈvi]

animal-ACC | father.ERG | CAUS-eat

''The father is feeding the animal''

[ŋa.k͡xu.ɡɔ.maˈmi|wa.ᵐpuˈɟi|i.ɹi.ɡaˈvi|hu|u.na.ŋaˈɡʷu|na.mu.wɛ.naˈvi]

1P.GEN-apple-ACC | father.ERG CAUS-eat | REL | INTRANS-I | fear

''I fear that my father is eating my apple.''

=== Topicalization ===
With the exception of the verb, which must be in the final position of a clause, phrases that are emphasized generally come first in a sentence.

'''Śikimi baúmaliku śuwiwaúśuwi''' (Neutral)

child-ACC bird.ERG DIM-bite

''The bird nipped the child''

-

'''Baúmaliku śikimi śuwiwaúśuwi''' (Emphasis on '''baúmaliku''')

bird.ERG child-ACC DIM-bite

''It was the bird that nipped the child''

Pangali

2019-09-10T23:44:06Z

Kóði:

[[Category:Languages]]
[[Category:Conlangs]]
[[Category:Artlangs]]
[[Category:A_priori]]
[[Category:Language_Isolate]]

{{Infobox language
|name = Pangali
|nativename = Ńipańariâ, Pańari
|pronunciation = [ŋi.ba.ŋa.ɹɨˈʔa], [pa.ŋaˈði]
|creator = [[User:Kóði|Sámuel Hiette Kannosíni]] 
|created = August 8th, 2019
|setting =
|fam1 = [[Language Isolate]]
|script = [[w:Latin script|Latin script]] (Romanization, academic)
|brcl = blue
}}

'''Pangali''' (English: /pɑŋˈgɑli/, /peɪŋˈgɑli/, or /pɛnˈgɑli/) is <s>a poorly made attempt at channeling the creator's artistic nature</s> a constructed language developed by Sámuel Hiette Kannosíni for the purposes of his own <s>gasket-blowing frustration</s> enjoyment and glee.
= Introduction =
<big><center> '''[WARNING - ACHTUNG - AVERTISSEMENT]''' </center></big>
This article is '''very much''' a WIP, examples being inconsistency in formatting/style and references to features not yet fleshed out, as well as some small mentionings of a dialect called Luâi. I '''''realize''''' this is the case, however as someone who has ADHD (primarily inattentive type for the curious informed) and is ''extremely'' busy, my ability to consistently and coherently update this article is abysmal at best.

Thanks for understanding, people who obviously care as much as I do! /s

=== Fictional Setting ===
The Pangali language is the language used by the Pangalu, or the Pangali people, an indigenous people of the Pangali island chain, which is located roughly five hundred and thirty kilometers due west of the Phillipines.
Until 2003 they were considered an uncontacted people, but on March 17th, 2003 an exploratory party onboard a rudimentary sailing vessel voyaged from the northern island of Baluwikaûnu towards the Phillipines. Enroute to their destination, however, they were intercepted by the Philippine Coast Guard some two hundred kilometers northeast of the coast of Tandag City and, controversially, detained for a period of 5 months and 23 days.

Official justification for the length of the detainment was given by the Phillipine Department of Foreign Affairs (DFA) soon after the party’s release, stating:

<blockquote>“Due to the immense language and cultural barrier, as well as concern for the potential spread of disease to the isolated people, and questions regarding their motivation for travel made difficult by the aforementioned barriers, quarantine and detainment procedures were deemed not only the most efficient course of action, but also the safest, for all parties involved.”</blockquote>

The following months gave rise to an increase of international attention surrounding the Pangali people and the continuing communication efforts between them and the Philippine Government. It was later announced by the Philippine DFA that the isolated tribe “no longer wishes to be isolated”, and thus were subsequently placed underneath an international spotlight.

Naturally with the indigenous people now slowly but surely increasing contact with the modern world, records of their culture and language are a must in order to maintain a positive relationship, and thus the purpose of this wiki is, succinctly summarized, to address the linguistic side of such matters.

=== Classification ===
The language is classified as an agglutinative language isolate with a tripartite morphosyntatic alignment that declines nouns under a 12 case system and conjugates verbs for person, tense, aspect, and mood. Adjectives are not inflected and have zero-grade derivation for adverbial phrases.
The primary word order is OSV, however due to nouns being heavily inflected other word orders are possible, with SOV being the most prominently encountered alternate order. Whereas in many languages adpositions are used to indicate different relations between phrases, Pangali typically makes use of existing cases or a variation of Suffixaufnahme (also known as case stacking), wherein different cases are combined to carry the function of an adpositional function not normally covered by the standard twelve.

= Phonology =
In spite of its status as a language isolate, the phonological system of Pangali isn't terribly special in comparison to its neighbors in the Philippines or Australia. A simple syllable structure, few (phonemic) vowels, a fair amount of consonants, and stable vowel quality make this language both interesting and soundly (''ha, pun!'') mundane all at the same time.
=== Phoneme Inventory ===
Pangali's consonant inventory weighs in at a respectable 21 phonemic consonants. A unique feature that may be noted is the presence of phonemic prenasalized stops.

The vowels, on the other hand, number only three in terms of phonemic units. As with many languages with small vowel inventories, what vowels that Pangali does have are subject to significant allophonic variation.
{| class="wikitable" style="margin-left:auto; margin-right: auto; border: none; text-align:center"
|+Pangali Consonant Inventory
|-
! colspan=2 |
! Labial
! Alveolar
! Velar
! Glottal
|-
! colspan=2|Nasal
| m {{angbr|m}}
| n {{angbr|n}}
| ŋ {{angbr|ń}}
|
|-
! rowspan=2 | Plosive
! Plain
| p {{angbr|p}}
| t {{angbr|t}}
| k {{angbr|k}}
| ʔ {{angbr|ˆ}}
|-
! Prenasalized
| ᵐp {{angbr|b}}
| ⁿt {{angbr|d}}
| ᵑk {{angbr|g}}
|
|-
! colspan=2|Fricative
|
|
|
| h {{angbr |hr,hj}}
|-
! colspan=2|Approximant
|
|/ɹ/ {{angbr|r}}
|/w/ {{angbr|w}}
|
|-

{| class="wikitable" style="margin-left:auto; margin-right: auto; border: none; text-align:center"
|+Pangali Vowel Inventory
|-
! || Front || Back
|-
! Close
| /i/ {{angbr |i}}
| /u/ {{angbr |u}}
|-
! Open
|/a/ {{angbr |a}}
|
|-
|}

=== Romanization ===
The Pangalu currently have no official writing system but offers to be taught the romanization used in the recorded lexicon produced by academics have been met with enthusiasim.

=== Allophonic Variation ===
==== Plosives ====
Comprising 12 different allophonic variations, Pangali's plosives are the most unstable aspect of the language's phonological inventory.
===== Sonorization =====
Standard Pangali: Plain voiceless plosives become voiced in intervocalic positions.

{| class="wikitable" style="float:center; border: none; text-align:center"
|-
!Shift
!Example
|-
!p → b / V_V
|/ʔu'''p'''a/ → [ʔuˈ'''b'''a]
|-
!t → d / V_V
|/huwu'''t'''uwi/ → [hu.wu.'''d'''uˈɣʷi]1
|-
!k → g / V_V
|/ⁿta'''k'''u/ → [ⁿtaˈ'''g'''u]
|-
|}

===== Dissimilation =====

Word initially, /p t k/ spirantize to [f s x] when the following syllable shares the same onset. Under the same conditions intervocalically, /p t k/ instead affricate to [p͡f t͡s k͡x]:
{| class="wikitable" style="float:center; border: none; text-align:center"
|-
!Word Initial
!Example
!Intervocalic
!Example
|-
!p → f / _Vp
|/'''p'''apa/ → ['''f'''aˈba]
!p → p͡f / V_Vp
|/ᵐpi'''p'''apa/ → [ᵐpi.'''p͡f'''aˈba]
|-
!t → s / _Vt
|/'''t'''utiɹa/ → ['''s'''u.diˈða]
!t → t͡s / V_Vt
|/ᵐpi'''t'''utiɹa/ → [ᵐpi.'''t͡s'''u.diˈða]
|-
!k → x / _Vk
|/'''k'''uka/ → ['''x'''uˈga]
!k → k͡x / V_Vk
|/ᵐpi'''k'''uka/ → [ᵐpi.'''k͡x'''uˈga]
|-
|}

It is theorized that /p t k/ originally affricated in all positions but later spirantized word initially.

==== Approximants ====
==== Fortition ====
/ɹ j w/ fortify to [ð ʝ ɣʷ] when occurring in a stressed syllable:

{|class="wikitable" style="float:center; border: none; text-align:center"
! Shifts
! colspan=2 | Examples
|-
! rowspan=2 | ɹ → ð
|/pa'''ɹ'''a/ → [paˈ'''ð'''a]
|-
|/ki'''ɹ'''i/ → [kiˈ'''ð'''i]
|-
! rowspan=2 | j → ʝ
|/iɹata'''j'''u/ → [i.ɹa.daˈ'''ʝ'''u]
|-
|/ni'''j'''a/ → [niˈ'''ʝ'''a]
|-
! rowspan=2 | w → ɣʷ
|/i'''w'''i/ → [iˈ'''ɣʷ'''i]
|-
|/ku'''w'''a/ → [kuˈ'''ɣʷ'''a]
|-
|}

Notes:
The most common realization of /ɹ/ in stressed syllables is actually [ð̠], a voiced alveolar non-sibilant fricative, but for convenience is typically transcribed as simply [ð].

==== Vowels ====

==== Centralization ====
Vowels preceding /ʔ/ are centralized. /a/ is both centralized and raised:

{| class="wikitable" style="float:center; border: none; text-align:center"
|-
!Shift
!Example
|-
!a → ɐ /_ʔ
|/h'''a'''ʔamu/ → [h'''ɐ'''.ʔaˈmu]2
|-
!u → ʉ /_ʔ
|/han'''u'''ʔa/ → [ha.n'''ʉ'''ˈʔa]2
|-
!i → ɨ /_ʔ
|/p'''i'''ʔa/ → [p'''ɨ'''ˈʔa]
|-
|}

==== Lowering ====
/i/ and /u/ are lowered to [ɛ] and [ɔ], respectively, when preceding nasals and prenasalized consonants:

{| class="wikitable" style="float:center; border: none; text-align:center"
|-
!Shift
!colspan=2 | Examples
|-
!i → ɛ /_N
|/h'''i'''ⁿtu/ → [h'''ɛ'''ˈⁿtu] || /tat'''i'''nu/ → [sa.d'''ɛ'''ˈnu]
|-
!u → ɔ /_N
|/ʔ'''u'''ŋa/ → [ʔ'''ɔ'''ˈŋa] || /k'''u'''maki/ → [k'''ɔ'''.maˈgi]
|-
|}

=== Phonotactics ===

==== Syllable Structure ====
Pangali has a (C)V structure, where a syllable can only contain one vowel, which may or may not be preceded by a consonant. Word initial syllables may occur with either a null onset or with any single consonant except for /ɹ/ and /j/, while word internal syllables may only occur with single consonant onsets. Codas are forbidden in any context, with all syllables being open. This is true even for geminate consonants, thus they are analyzed as single consonants as opposed to a sequence of [VC.CV].

==== Epenthesis ====
In instances where a word ending in a null coda (i.e. all words) is followed by a word beginning with a null onset, an epenthetic /ŋ/ is inserted to replace the null onset. This process is treated as if there is no word boundary, and thus the presence of the epenthetic nasal lowers the preceding vowel if it is high, while in other instances word boundaries would prevent this.
*/satawu/ + /ulunasa/ = [sa.daˈgʷɔ ŋu.lɔˈna.sa]
**/satawu/ + /ŋaᵐpinasa/ = [sa.daˈgʷu ˈŋa.ᵐpi.na.zə]

==== Loanwords ====
Due to the nature of this syllable structure non-conforming loanwords are often heavily altered; although it should be noted that calques are extremely more common in favor of familiarity when possible.
Note the insertion of /u/ to break apart clusters and avoid final consonants in the following example.

*Helicopter: /ˈhɛlɪˌkɑptɚ/ > '''alikuputalu'' /ʔalikuputalu/, [ˈʔa.li.gu.bu.da.lu]

==== Stress ====
Lexical stress in Pangali falls on the final syllable of the root, and this remains true even if derivational suffixes apply.

= Numbers =
Filler text is text that shares some characteristics of a real written text, but is random or otherwise generated. It may be used to display a sample of fonts, generate text for testing, or to spoof an e-mail spam filter. The process of using filler text is sometimes called greeking, although the text itself may be nonsense, or largely Latin, as in Lorem ipsum.
= Nouns =
Filler text is text that shares some characteristics of a real written text, but is random or otherwise generated. It may be used to display a sample of fonts, generate text for testing, or to spoof an e-mail spam filter. The process of using filler text is sometimes called greeking, although the text itself may be nonsense, or largely Latin, as in Lorem ipsum.
= Verbs =
While other languages such as [http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanish_Language Spanish] follow a [http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tense-Aspect-Mood Tense-Aspect-Mood (TAM)] system, in which the three categories are largely conflated amongst conjugation paradigms, Pangali primarily expresses these categories in an agglutinative fashion. Where each category can cleanly be separated morpheme by morpheme.

The 6 categories that verbs in Pangali conjugate for are: Person, Tense, Aspect, Mood, and Evidentiality.

=== Person ===
Filler text is text that shares some characteristics of a real written text, but is random or otherwise generated. It may be used to display a sample of fonts, generate text for testing, or to spoof an e-mail spam filter. The process of using filler text is sometimes called greeking, although the text itself may be nonsense, or largely Latin, as in Lorem ipsum.
=== Tense ===
Filler text is text that shares some characteristics of a real written text, but is random or otherwise generated. It may be used to display a sample of fonts, generate text for testing, or to spoof an e-mail spam filter. The process of using filler text is sometimes called greeking, although the text itself may be nonsense, or largely Latin, as in Lorem ipsum.
==== Present Tense ====
Filler text is text that shares some characteristics of a real written text, but is random or otherwise generated. It may be used to display a sample of fonts, generate text for testing, or to spoof an e-mail spam filter. The process of using filler text is sometimes called greeking, although the text itself may be nonsense, or largely Latin, as in Lorem ipsum.

==== Past Tense ====
Filler text is text that shares some characteristics of a real written text, but is random or otherwise generated. It may be used to display a sample of fonts, generate text for testing, or to spoof an e-mail spam filter. The process of using filler text is sometimes called greeking, although the text itself may be nonsense, or largely Latin, as in Lorem ipsum.

=== Aspect ===
Filler text is text that shares some characteristics of a real written text, but is random or otherwise generated. It may be used to display a sample of fonts, generate text for testing, or to spoof an e-mail spam filter. The process of using filler text is sometimes called greeking, although the text itself may be nonsense, or largely Latin, as in Lorem ipsum.
==== Episodic ====

===== Gnomic =====
===== Habitual =====

==== Stative ====

===== Inchoative =====
===== Cessative =====
===== Progressive =====
===== Continuous =====
===== Discontinuous =====

==== Relative ====

===== Retrospective =====

===== Prospective =====

=== Mood ===

=== Evidentiality ===

= Derivational Morphology =
Filler text is text that shares some characteristics of a real written text, but is random or otherwise generated. It may be used to display a sample of fonts, generate text for testing, or to spoof an e-mail spam filter. The process of using filler text is sometimes called greeking, although the text itself may be nonsense, or largely Latin, as in Lorem ipsum.
= Syntax =

=== Parameter Order ===
Pangali, in line with its use of case marking, allows its speakers to vary their choice of word order. That being said, the default and most neutral order is OSV (Object-Subject-Verb):

[ⁿtɛ.mɔˈmi|wa.ᵐpuˈɟi|ka.ɹu.wi.ɹi.ɡaˈvi]

animal-ACC | father.ERG | CAUS-eat

''The father is feeding the animal''

[ŋa.k͡xu.ɡɔ.maˈmi|wa.ᵐpuˈɟi|i.ɹi.ɡaˈvi|hu|u.na.ŋaˈɡʷu|na.mu.wɛ.naˈvi]

1P.GEN-apple-ACC | father.ERG CAUS-eat | REL | INTRANS-I | fear

''I fear that my father is eating my apple.''

=== Topicalization ===
With the exception of the verb, which must be in the final position of a clause, phrases that are emphasized generally come first in a sentence.

'''Śikimi baúmaliku śuwiwaúśuwi''' (Neutral)

child-ACC bird.ERG DIM-bite

''The bird nipped the child''

-

'''Baúmaliku śikimi śuwiwaúśuwi''' (Emphasis on '''baúmaliku''')

bird.ERG child-ACC DIM-bite

''It was the bird that nipped the child''

Pangali

2019-09-10T23:31:51Z

Kóði: /* Syllable Structure */

[[Category:Languages]]
[[Category:Conlangs]]
[[Category:Artlangs]]
[[Category:A_priori]]
[[Category:Language_Isolate]]

{{Infobox language
|name = Pangali
|nativename = Ńipańalusuâ, Pańali
|pronunciation = [ŋi.ba.ŋa.lu.zʉˈʔa], [pa.ŋaˈli]
|creator = [[User:Kóði|Sámuel Hiette Kannosíni]] 
|created = August 8th, 2019
|setting =
|fam1 = [[Language Isolate]]
|script = [[w:Latin script|Latin script]] (Romanization, academic)
|brcl = blue
}}

'''Pangali''' (English: /pɑŋˈgɑli/, /peɪŋˈgɑli/, or /pɛnˈgɑli/) is <s>a poorly made attempt at channeling the creator's artistic nature</s> a constructed language developed by Sámuel Hiette Kannosíni for the purposes of his own <s>gasket-blowing frustration</s> enjoyment and glee.
= Introduction =
<big><center> '''[WARNING - ACHTUNG - AVERTISSEMENT]''' </center></big>
This article is '''very much''' a WIP, examples being inconsistency in formatting/style and references to features not yet fleshed out, as well as some small mentionings of a dialect called Luâi. I '''''realize''''' this is the case, however as someone who has ADHD (primarily inattentive type for the curious informed) and is ''extremely'' busy, my ability to consistently and coherently update this article is abysmal at best.

Thanks for understanding, people who obviously care as much as I do! /s

=== Fictional Setting ===
The Pangali language is the language used by the Pangalu, or the Pangali people, an indigenous people of the Pangali island chain, which is located roughly five hundred and thirty kilometers due west of the Phillipines.
Until 2003 they were considered an uncontacted people, but on March 17th, 2003 an exploratory party onboard a rudimentary sailing vessel voyaged from the northern island of Baluwikaûnu towards the Phillipines. Enroute to their destination, however, they were intercepted by the Philippine Coast Guard some two hundred kilometers northeast of the coast of Tandag City and, controversially, detained for a period of 5 months and 23 days.

Official justification for the length of the detainment was given by the Phillipine Department of Foreign Affairs (DFA) soon after the party’s release, stating:

<blockquote>“Due to the immense language and cultural barrier, as well as concern for the potential spread of disease to the isolated people, and questions regarding their motivation for travel made difficult by the aforementioned barriers, quarantine and detainment procedures were deemed not only the most efficient course of action, but also the safest, for all parties involved.”</blockquote>

The following months gave rise to an increase of international attention surrounding the Pangali people and the continuing communication efforts between them and the Philippine Government. It was later announced by the Philippine DFA that the isolated tribe “no longer wishes to be isolated”, and thus were subsequently placed underneath an international spotlight.

Naturally with the indigenous people now slowly but surely increasing contact with the modern world, records of their culture and language are a must in order to maintain a positive relationship, and thus the purpose of this wiki is, succinctly summarized, to address the linguistic side of such matters.

=== Classification ===
The language is classified as an agglutinative language isolate with a tripartite morphosyntatic alignment that declines nouns under a 12 case system and conjugates verbs for person, tense, aspect, and mood. Adjectives are not inflected and have zero-grade derivation for adverbial phrases.
The primary word order is OSV, however due to nouns being heavily inflected other word orders are possible, with SOV being the most prominently encountered alternate order. Whereas in many languages adpositions are used to indicate different relations between phrases, Pangali typically makes use of existing cases or a variation of Suffixaufnahme (also known as case stacking), wherein different cases are combined to carry the function of an adpositional function not normally covered by the standard twelve.

= Phonology =
In spite of its status as a language isolate, the phonological system of Pangali isn't terribly special in comparison to its neighbors in the Philippines or Australia. A simple syllable structure, few (phonemic) vowels, a fair amount of consonants, and stable vowel quality make this language both interesting and soundly (''ha, pun!'') mundane all at the same time.
=== Phoneme Inventory ===
Pangali's consonant inventory weighs in at a respectable 21 phonemic consonants. A unique feature that may be noted is the presence of phonemic prenasalized stops.

The vowels, on the other hand, number only three in terms of phonemic units. As with many languages with small vowel inventories, what vowels that Pangali does have are subject to significant allophonic variation.
{| class="wikitable" style="margin-left:auto; margin-right: auto; border: none; text-align:center"
|+Pangali Consonant Inventory
|-
! colspan=2 |
! Labial
! Alveolar
! Velar
! Glottal
|-
! colspan=2|Nasal
| m {{angbr|m}}
| n {{angbr|n}}
| ŋ {{angbr|ń}}
|
|-
! rowspan=2 | Plosive
! Plain
| p {{angbr|p}}
| t {{angbr|t}}
| k {{angbr|k}}
| ʔ {{angbr|ˆ}}
|-
! Prenasalized
| ᵐp {{angbr|b}}
| ⁿt {{angbr|d}}
| ᵑk {{angbr|g}}
|
|-
! colspan=2|Fricative
|
|
|
| h {{angbr |hr,hj}}
|-
! colspan=2|Approximant
|
|/ɹ/ {{angbr|r}}
|/w/ {{angbr|w}}
|
|-

{| class="wikitable" style="margin-left:auto; margin-right: auto; border: none; text-align:center"
|+Pangali Vowel Inventory
|-
! || Front || Back
|-
! Close
| /i/ {{angbr |i}}
| /u/ {{angbr |u}}
|-
! Open
|/a/ {{angbr |a}}
|
|-
|}

=== Romanization ===
The Pangalu currently have no official writing system but offers to be taught the romanization used in the recorded lexicon produced by academics have been met with enthusiasim.

=== Allophonic Variation ===
==== Plosives ====
Comprising 12 different allophonic variations, Pangali's plosives are the most unstable aspect of the language's phonological inventory.
===== Sonorization =====
Standard Pangali: Plain voiceless plosives become voiced in intervocalic positions.

{| class="wikitable" style="float:center; border: none; text-align:center"
|-
!Shift
!Example
|-
!p → b / V_V
|/ʔu'''p'''a/ → [ʔuˈ'''b'''a]
|-
!t → d / V_V
|/huwu'''t'''uwi/ → [hu.wu.'''d'''uˈɣʷi]1
|-
!k → g / V_V
|/ⁿta'''k'''u/ → [ⁿtaˈ'''g'''u]
|-
|}

===== Dissimilation =====

Word initially, /p t k/ spirantize to [f s x] when the following syllable shares the same onset. Under the same conditions intervocalically, /p t k/ instead affricate to [p͡f t͡s k͡x]:
{| class="wikitable" style="float:center; border: none; text-align:center"
|-
!Word Initial
!Example
!Intervocalic
!Example
|-
!p → f / _Vp
|/'''p'''apa/ → ['''f'''aˈba]
!p → p͡f / V_Vp
|/ᵐpi'''p'''apa/ → [ᵐpi.'''p͡f'''aˈba]
|-
!t → s / _Vt
|/'''t'''utiɹa/ → ['''s'''u.diˈða]
!t → t͡s / V_Vt
|/ᵐpi'''t'''utiɹa/ → [ᵐpi.'''t͡s'''u.diˈða]
|-
!k → x / _Vk
|/'''k'''uka/ → ['''x'''uˈga]
!k → k͡x / V_Vk
|/ᵐpi'''k'''uka/ → [ᵐpi.'''k͡x'''uˈga]
|-
|}

It is theorized that /p t k/ originally affricated in all positions but later spirantized word initially.

==== Approximants ====
==== Fortition ====
/ɹ j w/ fortify to [ð ʝ ɣʷ] when occurring in a stressed syllable:

{|class="wikitable" style="float:center; border: none; text-align:center"
! Shifts
! colspan=2 | Examples
|-
! rowspan=2 | ɹ → ð
|/pa'''ɹ'''a/ → [paˈ'''ð'''a]
|-
|/ki'''ɹ'''i/ → [kiˈ'''ð'''i]
|-
! rowspan=2 | j → ʝ
|/iɹata'''j'''u/ → [i.ɹa.daˈ'''ʝ'''u]
|-
|/ni'''j'''a/ → [niˈ'''ʝ'''a]
|-
! rowspan=2 | w → ɣʷ
|/i'''w'''i/ → [iˈ'''ɣʷ'''i]
|-
|/ku'''w'''a/ → [kuˈ'''ɣʷ'''a]
|-
|}

Notes:
The most common realization of /ɹ/ in stressed syllables is actually [ð̠], a voiced alveolar non-sibilant fricative, but for convenience is typically transcribed as simply [ð].

==== Vowels ====

==== Centralization ====
Vowels preceding /ʔ/ are centralized. /a/ is both centralized and raised:

{| class="wikitable" style="float:center; border: none; text-align:center"
|-
!Shift
!Example
|-
!a → ɐ /_ʔ
|/h'''a'''ʔamu/ → [h'''ɐ'''.ʔaˈmu]2
|-
!u → ʉ /_ʔ
|/han'''u'''ʔa/ → [ha.n'''ʉ'''ˈʔa]2
|-
!i → ɨ /_ʔ
|/p'''i'''ʔa/ → [p'''ɨ'''ˈʔa]
|-
|}

==== Lowering ====
/i/ and /u/ are lowered to [ɛ] and [ɔ], respectively, when preceding nasals and prenasalized consonants:

{| class="wikitable" style="float:center; border: none; text-align:center"
|-
!Shift
!colspan=2 | Examples
|-
!i → ɛ /_N
|/h'''i'''ⁿtu/ → [h'''ɛ'''ˈⁿtu] || /tat'''i'''nu/ → [sa.d'''ɛ'''ˈnu]
|-
!u → ɔ /_N
|/ʔ'''u'''ŋa/ → [ʔ'''ɔ'''ˈŋa] || /k'''u'''maki/ → [k'''ɔ'''.maˈgi]
|-
|}

=== Phonotactics ===

==== Syllable Structure ====
Pangali has a (C)V structure, where a syllable can only contain one vowel, which may or may not be preceded by a consonant. Word initial syllables may occur with either a null onset or with any single consonant except for /ɹ/ and /j/, while word internal syllables may only occur with single consonant onsets. Codas are forbidden in any context, with all syllables being open. This is true even for geminate consonants, thus they are analyzed as single consonants as opposed to a sequence of [VC.CV].

==== Epenthesis ====
In instances where a word ending in a null coda (i.e. all words) is followed by a word beginning with a null onset, an epenthetic /ŋ/ is inserted to replace the null onset. This process is treated as if there is no word boundary, and thus the presence of the epenthetic nasal lowers the preceding vowel if it is high, while in other instances word boundaries would prevent this.
*/satawu/ + /ulunasa/ = [sa.daˈgʷɔ ŋu.lɔˈna.sa]
**/satawu/ + /ŋaᵐpinasa/ = [sa.daˈgʷu ˈŋa.ᵐpi.na.zə]

==== Loanwords ====
Due to the nature of this syllable structure non-conforming loanwords are often heavily altered; although it should be noted that calques are extremely more common in favor of familiarity when possible.
Note the insertion of /u/ to break apart clusters and avoid final consonants in the following example.

*Helicopter: /ˈhɛlɪˌkɑptɚ/ > '''alikuputalu'' /ʔalikuputalu/, [ˈʔa.li.gu.bu.da.lu]

==== Stress ====
Lexical stress in Pangali falls on the final syllable of the root, and this remains true even if derivational suffixes apply.

= Numbers =
Filler text is text that shares some characteristics of a real written text, but is random or otherwise generated. It may be used to display a sample of fonts, generate text for testing, or to spoof an e-mail spam filter. The process of using filler text is sometimes called greeking, although the text itself may be nonsense, or largely Latin, as in Lorem ipsum.
= Nouns =
Filler text is text that shares some characteristics of a real written text, but is random or otherwise generated. It may be used to display a sample of fonts, generate text for testing, or to spoof an e-mail spam filter. The process of using filler text is sometimes called greeking, although the text itself may be nonsense, or largely Latin, as in Lorem ipsum.
= Verbs =
While other languages such as [http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanish_Language Spanish] follow a [http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tense-Aspect-Mood Tense-Aspect-Mood (TAM)] system, in which the three categories are largely conflated amongst conjugation paradigms, Pangali primarily expresses these categories in an agglutinative fashion. Where each category can cleanly be separated morpheme by morpheme.

The 6 categories that verbs in Pangali conjugate for are: Person, Tense, Aspect, Mood, and Evidentiality.

=== Person ===
Filler text is text that shares some characteristics of a real written text, but is random or otherwise generated. It may be used to display a sample of fonts, generate text for testing, or to spoof an e-mail spam filter. The process of using filler text is sometimes called greeking, although the text itself may be nonsense, or largely Latin, as in Lorem ipsum.
=== Tense ===
Filler text is text that shares some characteristics of a real written text, but is random or otherwise generated. It may be used to display a sample of fonts, generate text for testing, or to spoof an e-mail spam filter. The process of using filler text is sometimes called greeking, although the text itself may be nonsense, or largely Latin, as in Lorem ipsum.
==== Present Tense ====
Filler text is text that shares some characteristics of a real written text, but is random or otherwise generated. It may be used to display a sample of fonts, generate text for testing, or to spoof an e-mail spam filter. The process of using filler text is sometimes called greeking, although the text itself may be nonsense, or largely Latin, as in Lorem ipsum.

==== Past Tense ====
Filler text is text that shares some characteristics of a real written text, but is random or otherwise generated. It may be used to display a sample of fonts, generate text for testing, or to spoof an e-mail spam filter. The process of using filler text is sometimes called greeking, although the text itself may be nonsense, or largely Latin, as in Lorem ipsum.

=== Aspect ===
Filler text is text that shares some characteristics of a real written text, but is random or otherwise generated. It may be used to display a sample of fonts, generate text for testing, or to spoof an e-mail spam filter. The process of using filler text is sometimes called greeking, although the text itself may be nonsense, or largely Latin, as in Lorem ipsum.
==== Episodic ====

===== Gnomic =====
===== Habitual =====

==== Stative ====

===== Inchoative =====
===== Cessative =====
===== Progressive =====
===== Continuous =====
===== Discontinuous =====

==== Relative ====

===== Retrospective =====

===== Prospective =====

=== Mood ===

=== Evidentiality ===

= Derivational Morphology =
Filler text is text that shares some characteristics of a real written text, but is random or otherwise generated. It may be used to display a sample of fonts, generate text for testing, or to spoof an e-mail spam filter. The process of using filler text is sometimes called greeking, although the text itself may be nonsense, or largely Latin, as in Lorem ipsum.
= Syntax =

=== Parameter Order ===
Pangali, in line with its use of case marking, allows its speakers to vary their choice of word order. That being said, the default and most neutral order is OSV (Object-Subject-Verb):

[ⁿtɛ.mɔˈmi|wa.ᵐpuˈɟi|ka.ɹu.wi.ɹi.ɡaˈvi]

animal-ACC | father.ERG | CAUS-eat

''The father is feeding the animal''

[ŋa.k͡xu.ɡɔ.maˈmi|wa.ᵐpuˈɟi|i.ɹi.ɡaˈvi|hu|u.na.ŋaˈɡʷu|na.mu.wɛ.naˈvi]

1P.GEN-apple-ACC | father.ERG CAUS-eat | REL | INTRANS-I | fear

''I fear that my father is eating my apple.''

=== Topicalization ===
With the exception of the verb, which must be in the final position of a clause, phrases that are emphasized generally come first in a sentence.

'''Śikimi baúmaliku śuwiwaúśuwi''' (Neutral)

child-ACC bird.ERG DIM-bite

''The bird nipped the child''

-

'''Baúmaliku śikimi śuwiwaúśuwi''' (Emphasis on '''baúmaliku''')

bird.ERG child-ACC DIM-bite

''It was the bird that nipped the child''

Pangali

2019-09-10T23:30:37Z

Kóði: /* Fortition */

[[Category:Languages]]
[[Category:Conlangs]]
[[Category:Artlangs]]
[[Category:A_priori]]
[[Category:Language_Isolate]]

{{Infobox language
|name = Pangali
|nativename = Ńipańalusuâ, Pańali
|pronunciation = [ŋi.ba.ŋa.lu.zʉˈʔa], [pa.ŋaˈli]
|creator = [[User:Kóði|Sámuel Hiette Kannosíni]] 
|created = August 8th, 2019
|setting =
|fam1 = [[Language Isolate]]
|script = [[w:Latin script|Latin script]] (Romanization, academic)
|brcl = blue
}}

'''Pangali''' (English: /pɑŋˈgɑli/, /peɪŋˈgɑli/, or /pɛnˈgɑli/) is <s>a poorly made attempt at channeling the creator's artistic nature</s> a constructed language developed by Sámuel Hiette Kannosíni for the purposes of his own <s>gasket-blowing frustration</s> enjoyment and glee.
= Introduction =
<big><center> '''[WARNING - ACHTUNG - AVERTISSEMENT]''' </center></big>
This article is '''very much''' a WIP, examples being inconsistency in formatting/style and references to features not yet fleshed out, as well as some small mentionings of a dialect called Luâi. I '''''realize''''' this is the case, however as someone who has ADHD (primarily inattentive type for the curious informed) and is ''extremely'' busy, my ability to consistently and coherently update this article is abysmal at best.

Thanks for understanding, people who obviously care as much as I do! /s

=== Fictional Setting ===
The Pangali language is the language used by the Pangalu, or the Pangali people, an indigenous people of the Pangali island chain, which is located roughly five hundred and thirty kilometers due west of the Phillipines.
Until 2003 they were considered an uncontacted people, but on March 17th, 2003 an exploratory party onboard a rudimentary sailing vessel voyaged from the northern island of Baluwikaûnu towards the Phillipines. Enroute to their destination, however, they were intercepted by the Philippine Coast Guard some two hundred kilometers northeast of the coast of Tandag City and, controversially, detained for a period of 5 months and 23 days.

Official justification for the length of the detainment was given by the Phillipine Department of Foreign Affairs (DFA) soon after the party’s release, stating:

<blockquote>“Due to the immense language and cultural barrier, as well as concern for the potential spread of disease to the isolated people, and questions regarding their motivation for travel made difficult by the aforementioned barriers, quarantine and detainment procedures were deemed not only the most efficient course of action, but also the safest, for all parties involved.”</blockquote>

The following months gave rise to an increase of international attention surrounding the Pangali people and the continuing communication efforts between them and the Philippine Government. It was later announced by the Philippine DFA that the isolated tribe “no longer wishes to be isolated”, and thus were subsequently placed underneath an international spotlight.

Naturally with the indigenous people now slowly but surely increasing contact with the modern world, records of their culture and language are a must in order to maintain a positive relationship, and thus the purpose of this wiki is, succinctly summarized, to address the linguistic side of such matters.

=== Classification ===
The language is classified as an agglutinative language isolate with a tripartite morphosyntatic alignment that declines nouns under a 12 case system and conjugates verbs for person, tense, aspect, and mood. Adjectives are not inflected and have zero-grade derivation for adverbial phrases.
The primary word order is OSV, however due to nouns being heavily inflected other word orders are possible, with SOV being the most prominently encountered alternate order. Whereas in many languages adpositions are used to indicate different relations between phrases, Pangali typically makes use of existing cases or a variation of Suffixaufnahme (also known as case stacking), wherein different cases are combined to carry the function of an adpositional function not normally covered by the standard twelve.

= Phonology =
In spite of its status as a language isolate, the phonological system of Pangali isn't terribly special in comparison to its neighbors in the Philippines or Australia. A simple syllable structure, few (phonemic) vowels, a fair amount of consonants, and stable vowel quality make this language both interesting and soundly (''ha, pun!'') mundane all at the same time.
=== Phoneme Inventory ===
Pangali's consonant inventory weighs in at a respectable 21 phonemic consonants. A unique feature that may be noted is the presence of phonemic prenasalized stops.

The vowels, on the other hand, number only three in terms of phonemic units. As with many languages with small vowel inventories, what vowels that Pangali does have are subject to significant allophonic variation.
{| class="wikitable" style="margin-left:auto; margin-right: auto; border: none; text-align:center"
|+Pangali Consonant Inventory
|-
! colspan=2 |
! Labial
! Alveolar
! Velar
! Glottal
|-
! colspan=2|Nasal
| m {{angbr|m}}
| n {{angbr|n}}
| ŋ {{angbr|ń}}
|
|-
! rowspan=2 | Plosive
! Plain
| p {{angbr|p}}
| t {{angbr|t}}
| k {{angbr|k}}
| ʔ {{angbr|ˆ}}
|-
! Prenasalized
| ᵐp {{angbr|b}}
| ⁿt {{angbr|d}}
| ᵑk {{angbr|g}}
|
|-
! colspan=2|Fricative
|
|
|
| h {{angbr |hr,hj}}
|-
! colspan=2|Approximant
|
|/ɹ/ {{angbr|r}}
|/w/ {{angbr|w}}
|
|-

{| class="wikitable" style="margin-left:auto; margin-right: auto; border: none; text-align:center"
|+Pangali Vowel Inventory
|-
! || Front || Back
|-
! Close
| /i/ {{angbr |i}}
| /u/ {{angbr |u}}
|-
! Open
|/a/ {{angbr |a}}
|
|-
|}

=== Romanization ===
The Pangalu currently have no official writing system but offers to be taught the romanization used in the recorded lexicon produced by academics have been met with enthusiasim.

=== Allophonic Variation ===
==== Plosives ====
Comprising 12 different allophonic variations, Pangali's plosives are the most unstable aspect of the language's phonological inventory.
===== Sonorization =====
Standard Pangali: Plain voiceless plosives become voiced in intervocalic positions.

{| class="wikitable" style="float:center; border: none; text-align:center"
|-
!Shift
!Example
|-
!p → b / V_V
|/ʔu'''p'''a/ → [ʔuˈ'''b'''a]
|-
!t → d / V_V
|/huwu'''t'''uwi/ → [hu.wu.'''d'''uˈɣʷi]1
|-
!k → g / V_V
|/ⁿta'''k'''u/ → [ⁿtaˈ'''g'''u]
|-
|}

===== Dissimilation =====

Word initially, /p t k/ spirantize to [f s x] when the following syllable shares the same onset. Under the same conditions intervocalically, /p t k/ instead affricate to [p͡f t͡s k͡x]:
{| class="wikitable" style="float:center; border: none; text-align:center"
|-
!Word Initial
!Example
!Intervocalic
!Example
|-
!p → f / _Vp
|/'''p'''apa/ → ['''f'''aˈba]
!p → p͡f / V_Vp
|/ᵐpi'''p'''apa/ → [ᵐpi.'''p͡f'''aˈba]
|-
!t → s / _Vt
|/'''t'''utiɹa/ → ['''s'''u.diˈða]
!t → t͡s / V_Vt
|/ᵐpi'''t'''utiɹa/ → [ᵐpi.'''t͡s'''u.diˈða]
|-
!k → x / _Vk
|/'''k'''uka/ → ['''x'''uˈga]
!k → k͡x / V_Vk
|/ᵐpi'''k'''uka/ → [ᵐpi.'''k͡x'''uˈga]
|-
|}

It is theorized that /p t k/ originally affricated in all positions but later spirantized word initially.

==== Approximants ====
==== Fortition ====
/ɹ j w/ fortify to [ð ʝ ɣʷ] when occurring in a stressed syllable:

{|class="wikitable" style="float:center; border: none; text-align:center"
! Shifts
! colspan=2 | Examples
|-
! rowspan=2 | ɹ → ð
|/pa'''ɹ'''a/ → [paˈ'''ð'''a]
|-
|/ki'''ɹ'''i/ → [kiˈ'''ð'''i]
|-
! rowspan=2 | j → ʝ
|/iɹata'''j'''u/ → [i.ɹa.daˈ'''ʝ'''u]
|-
|/ni'''j'''a/ → [niˈ'''ʝ'''a]
|-
! rowspan=2 | w → ɣʷ
|/i'''w'''i/ → [iˈ'''ɣʷ'''i]
|-
|/ku'''w'''a/ → [kuˈ'''ɣʷ'''a]
|-
|}

Notes:
The most common realization of /ɹ/ in stressed syllables is actually [ð̠], a voiced alveolar non-sibilant fricative, but for convenience is typically transcribed as simply [ð].

==== Vowels ====

==== Centralization ====
Vowels preceding /ʔ/ are centralized. /a/ is both centralized and raised:

{| class="wikitable" style="float:center; border: none; text-align:center"
|-
!Shift
!Example
|-
!a → ɐ /_ʔ
|/h'''a'''ʔamu/ → [h'''ɐ'''.ʔaˈmu]2
|-
!u → ʉ /_ʔ
|/han'''u'''ʔa/ → [ha.n'''ʉ'''ˈʔa]2
|-
!i → ɨ /_ʔ
|/p'''i'''ʔa/ → [p'''ɨ'''ˈʔa]
|-
|}

==== Lowering ====
/i/ and /u/ are lowered to [ɛ] and [ɔ], respectively, when preceding nasals and prenasalized consonants:

{| class="wikitable" style="float:center; border: none; text-align:center"
|-
!Shift
!colspan=2 | Examples
|-
!i → ɛ /_N
|/h'''i'''ⁿtu/ → [h'''ɛ'''ˈⁿtu] || /tat'''i'''nu/ → [sa.d'''ɛ'''ˈnu]
|-
!u → ɔ /_N
|/ʔ'''u'''ŋa/ → [ʔ'''ɔ'''ˈŋa] || /k'''u'''maki/ → [k'''ɔ'''.maˈgi]
|-
|}

=== Phonotactics ===

==== Syllable Structure ====
Pangali has a (C)V structure, where a syllable can only contain one vowel, which may or may not be preceded by a consonant. Word initial syllables may occur with either a null onset or with any single consonant, while word internal syllables may only occur with single consonant onsets. Codas are forbidden in any context, with all syllables being open. This is true even for geminate consonants, thus they are analyzed as single consonants as opposed to a sequence of [VC.CV].
==== Epenthesis ====
In instances where a word ending in a null coda (i.e. all words) is followed by a word beginning with a null onset, an epenthetic /ŋ/ is inserted to replace the null onset. This process is treated as if there is no word boundary, and thus the presence of the epenthetic nasal lowers the preceding vowel if it is high, while in other instances word boundaries would prevent this.
*/satawu/ + /ulunasa/ = [sa.daˈgʷɔ ŋu.lɔˈna.sa]
**/satawu/ + /ŋaᵐpinasa/ = [sa.daˈgʷu ˈŋa.ᵐpi.na.zə]

==== Loanwords ====
Due to the nature of this syllable structure non-conforming loanwords are often heavily altered; although it should be noted that calques are extremely more common in favor of familiarity when possible.
Note the insertion of /u/ to break apart clusters and avoid final consonants in the following example.

*Helicopter: /ˈhɛlɪˌkɑptɚ/ > '''alikuputalu'' /ʔalikuputalu/, [ˈʔa.li.gu.bu.da.lu]

==== Stress ====
Lexical stress in Pangali falls on the final syllable of the root, and this remains true even if derivational suffixes apply.

= Numbers =
Filler text is text that shares some characteristics of a real written text, but is random or otherwise generated. It may be used to display a sample of fonts, generate text for testing, or to spoof an e-mail spam filter. The process of using filler text is sometimes called greeking, although the text itself may be nonsense, or largely Latin, as in Lorem ipsum.
= Nouns =
Filler text is text that shares some characteristics of a real written text, but is random or otherwise generated. It may be used to display a sample of fonts, generate text for testing, or to spoof an e-mail spam filter. The process of using filler text is sometimes called greeking, although the text itself may be nonsense, or largely Latin, as in Lorem ipsum.
= Verbs =
While other languages such as [http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanish_Language Spanish] follow a [http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tense-Aspect-Mood Tense-Aspect-Mood (TAM)] system, in which the three categories are largely conflated amongst conjugation paradigms, Pangali primarily expresses these categories in an agglutinative fashion. Where each category can cleanly be separated morpheme by morpheme.

The 6 categories that verbs in Pangali conjugate for are: Person, Tense, Aspect, Mood, and Evidentiality.

=== Person ===
Filler text is text that shares some characteristics of a real written text, but is random or otherwise generated. It may be used to display a sample of fonts, generate text for testing, or to spoof an e-mail spam filter. The process of using filler text is sometimes called greeking, although the text itself may be nonsense, or largely Latin, as in Lorem ipsum.
=== Tense ===
Filler text is text that shares some characteristics of a real written text, but is random or otherwise generated. It may be used to display a sample of fonts, generate text for testing, or to spoof an e-mail spam filter. The process of using filler text is sometimes called greeking, although the text itself may be nonsense, or largely Latin, as in Lorem ipsum.
==== Present Tense ====
Filler text is text that shares some characteristics of a real written text, but is random or otherwise generated. It may be used to display a sample of fonts, generate text for testing, or to spoof an e-mail spam filter. The process of using filler text is sometimes called greeking, although the text itself may be nonsense, or largely Latin, as in Lorem ipsum.

==== Past Tense ====
Filler text is text that shares some characteristics of a real written text, but is random or otherwise generated. It may be used to display a sample of fonts, generate text for testing, or to spoof an e-mail spam filter. The process of using filler text is sometimes called greeking, although the text itself may be nonsense, or largely Latin, as in Lorem ipsum.

=== Aspect ===
Filler text is text that shares some characteristics of a real written text, but is random or otherwise generated. It may be used to display a sample of fonts, generate text for testing, or to spoof an e-mail spam filter. The process of using filler text is sometimes called greeking, although the text itself may be nonsense, or largely Latin, as in Lorem ipsum.
==== Episodic ====

===== Gnomic =====
===== Habitual =====

==== Stative ====

===== Inchoative =====
===== Cessative =====
===== Progressive =====
===== Continuous =====
===== Discontinuous =====

==== Relative ====

===== Retrospective =====

===== Prospective =====

=== Mood ===

=== Evidentiality ===

= Derivational Morphology =
Filler text is text that shares some characteristics of a real written text, but is random or otherwise generated. It may be used to display a sample of fonts, generate text for testing, or to spoof an e-mail spam filter. The process of using filler text is sometimes called greeking, although the text itself may be nonsense, or largely Latin, as in Lorem ipsum.
= Syntax =

=== Parameter Order ===
Pangali, in line with its use of case marking, allows its speakers to vary their choice of word order. That being said, the default and most neutral order is OSV (Object-Subject-Verb):

[ⁿtɛ.mɔˈmi|wa.ᵐpuˈɟi|ka.ɹu.wi.ɹi.ɡaˈvi]

animal-ACC | father.ERG | CAUS-eat

''The father is feeding the animal''

[ŋa.k͡xu.ɡɔ.maˈmi|wa.ᵐpuˈɟi|i.ɹi.ɡaˈvi|hu|u.na.ŋaˈɡʷu|na.mu.wɛ.naˈvi]

1P.GEN-apple-ACC | father.ERG CAUS-eat | REL | INTRANS-I | fear

''I fear that my father is eating my apple.''

=== Topicalization ===
With the exception of the verb, which must be in the final position of a clause, phrases that are emphasized generally come first in a sentence.

'''Śikimi baúmaliku śuwiwaúśuwi''' (Neutral)

child-ACC bird.ERG DIM-bite

''The bird nipped the child''

-

'''Baúmaliku śikimi śuwiwaúśuwi''' (Emphasis on '''baúmaliku''')

bird.ERG child-ACC DIM-bite

''It was the bird that nipped the child''

Pangali

2019-09-10T23:30:03Z

Kóði: /* Fortition */

[[Category:Languages]]
[[Category:Conlangs]]
[[Category:Artlangs]]
[[Category:A_priori]]
[[Category:Language_Isolate]]

{{Infobox language
|name = Pangali
|nativename = Ńipańalusuâ, Pańali
|pronunciation = [ŋi.ba.ŋa.lu.zʉˈʔa], [pa.ŋaˈli]
|creator = [[User:Kóði|Sámuel Hiette Kannosíni]] 
|created = August 8th, 2019
|setting =
|fam1 = [[Language Isolate]]
|script = [[w:Latin script|Latin script]] (Romanization, academic)
|brcl = blue
}}

'''Pangali''' (English: /pɑŋˈgɑli/, /peɪŋˈgɑli/, or /pɛnˈgɑli/) is <s>a poorly made attempt at channeling the creator's artistic nature</s> a constructed language developed by Sámuel Hiette Kannosíni for the purposes of his own <s>gasket-blowing frustration</s> enjoyment and glee.
= Introduction =
<big><center> '''[WARNING - ACHTUNG - AVERTISSEMENT]''' </center></big>
This article is '''very much''' a WIP, examples being inconsistency in formatting/style and references to features not yet fleshed out, as well as some small mentionings of a dialect called Luâi. I '''''realize''''' this is the case, however as someone who has ADHD (primarily inattentive type for the curious informed) and is ''extremely'' busy, my ability to consistently and coherently update this article is abysmal at best.

Thanks for understanding, people who obviously care as much as I do! /s

=== Fictional Setting ===
The Pangali language is the language used by the Pangalu, or the Pangali people, an indigenous people of the Pangali island chain, which is located roughly five hundred and thirty kilometers due west of the Phillipines.
Until 2003 they were considered an uncontacted people, but on March 17th, 2003 an exploratory party onboard a rudimentary sailing vessel voyaged from the northern island of Baluwikaûnu towards the Phillipines. Enroute to their destination, however, they were intercepted by the Philippine Coast Guard some two hundred kilometers northeast of the coast of Tandag City and, controversially, detained for a period of 5 months and 23 days.

Official justification for the length of the detainment was given by the Phillipine Department of Foreign Affairs (DFA) soon after the party’s release, stating:

<blockquote>“Due to the immense language and cultural barrier, as well as concern for the potential spread of disease to the isolated people, and questions regarding their motivation for travel made difficult by the aforementioned barriers, quarantine and detainment procedures were deemed not only the most efficient course of action, but also the safest, for all parties involved.”</blockquote>

The following months gave rise to an increase of international attention surrounding the Pangali people and the continuing communication efforts between them and the Philippine Government. It was later announced by the Philippine DFA that the isolated tribe “no longer wishes to be isolated”, and thus were subsequently placed underneath an international spotlight.

Naturally with the indigenous people now slowly but surely increasing contact with the modern world, records of their culture and language are a must in order to maintain a positive relationship, and thus the purpose of this wiki is, succinctly summarized, to address the linguistic side of such matters.

=== Classification ===
The language is classified as an agglutinative language isolate with a tripartite morphosyntatic alignment that declines nouns under a 12 case system and conjugates verbs for person, tense, aspect, and mood. Adjectives are not inflected and have zero-grade derivation for adverbial phrases.
The primary word order is OSV, however due to nouns being heavily inflected other word orders are possible, with SOV being the most prominently encountered alternate order. Whereas in many languages adpositions are used to indicate different relations between phrases, Pangali typically makes use of existing cases or a variation of Suffixaufnahme (also known as case stacking), wherein different cases are combined to carry the function of an adpositional function not normally covered by the standard twelve.

= Phonology =
In spite of its status as a language isolate, the phonological system of Pangali isn't terribly special in comparison to its neighbors in the Philippines or Australia. A simple syllable structure, few (phonemic) vowels, a fair amount of consonants, and stable vowel quality make this language both interesting and soundly (''ha, pun!'') mundane all at the same time.
=== Phoneme Inventory ===
Pangali's consonant inventory weighs in at a respectable 21 phonemic consonants. A unique feature that may be noted is the presence of phonemic prenasalized stops.

The vowels, on the other hand, number only three in terms of phonemic units. As with many languages with small vowel inventories, what vowels that Pangali does have are subject to significant allophonic variation.
{| class="wikitable" style="margin-left:auto; margin-right: auto; border: none; text-align:center"
|+Pangali Consonant Inventory
|-
! colspan=2 |
! Labial
! Alveolar
! Velar
! Glottal
|-
! colspan=2|Nasal
| m {{angbr|m}}
| n {{angbr|n}}
| ŋ {{angbr|ń}}
|
|-
! rowspan=2 | Plosive
! Plain
| p {{angbr|p}}
| t {{angbr|t}}
| k {{angbr|k}}
| ʔ {{angbr|ˆ}}
|-
! Prenasalized
| ᵐp {{angbr|b}}
| ⁿt {{angbr|d}}
| ᵑk {{angbr|g}}
|
|-
! colspan=2|Fricative
|
|
|
| h {{angbr |hr,hj}}
|-
! colspan=2|Approximant
|
|/ɹ/ {{angbr|r}}
|/w/ {{angbr|w}}
|
|-

{| class="wikitable" style="margin-left:auto; margin-right: auto; border: none; text-align:center"
|+Pangali Vowel Inventory
|-
! || Front || Back
|-
! Close
| /i/ {{angbr |i}}
| /u/ {{angbr |u}}
|-
! Open
|/a/ {{angbr |a}}
|
|-
|}

=== Romanization ===
The Pangalu currently have no official writing system but offers to be taught the romanization used in the recorded lexicon produced by academics have been met with enthusiasim.

=== Allophonic Variation ===
==== Plosives ====
Comprising 12 different allophonic variations, Pangali's plosives are the most unstable aspect of the language's phonological inventory.
===== Sonorization =====
Standard Pangali: Plain voiceless plosives become voiced in intervocalic positions.

{| class="wikitable" style="float:center; border: none; text-align:center"
|-
!Shift
!Example
|-
!p → b / V_V
|/ʔu'''p'''a/ → [ʔuˈ'''b'''a]
|-
!t → d / V_V
|/huwu'''t'''uwi/ → [hu.wu.'''d'''uˈɣʷi]1
|-
!k → g / V_V
|/ⁿta'''k'''u/ → [ⁿtaˈ'''g'''u]
|-
|}

===== Dissimilation =====

Word initially, /p t k/ spirantize to [f s x] when the following syllable shares the same onset. Under the same conditions intervocalically, /p t k/ instead affricate to [p͡f t͡s k͡x]:
{| class="wikitable" style="float:center; border: none; text-align:center"
|-
!Word Initial
!Example
!Intervocalic
!Example
|-
!p → f / _Vp
|/'''p'''apa/ → ['''f'''aˈba]
!p → p͡f / V_Vp
|/ᵐpi'''p'''apa/ → [ᵐpi.'''p͡f'''aˈba]
|-
!t → s / _Vt
|/'''t'''utiɹa/ → ['''s'''u.diˈða]
!t → t͡s / V_Vt
|/ᵐpi'''t'''utiɹa/ → [ᵐpi.'''t͡s'''u.diˈða]
|-
!k → x / _Vk
|/'''k'''uka/ → ['''x'''uˈga]
!k → k͡x / V_Vk
|/ᵐpi'''k'''uka/ → [ᵐpi.'''k͡x'''uˈga]
|-
|}

It is theorized that /p t k/ originally affricated in all positions but later spirantized word initially.

==== Approximants ====
==== Fortition ====
/ɹ j w/ fortify to [ð ʝ ɣʷ] when occurring in a stressed syllable:

{|class="wikitable" style="float:center; border: none; text-align:center"
! Shifts
! colspan=2 | Examples
|-
! rowspan=2 | ɹ → ð
|/pa'''ɹ'''a/ → [paˈ'''ð'''a]
|-
|/ki'''ɹ'''i/ → [kiˈ'''ð'''i]
|-
! rowspan=2 | j → ʝ
|/iɹata'''j'''u/ → [i.ɹa.daˈ'''ʝ'''u]
|-
|/ni'''j'''a/ → [niˈ'''ʝ'''a]
|-
! rowspan=2 | w → ɣʷ
|/i'''w'''i/ → [iˈ'''ɣʷ'''i]
|-
|/ku'''w''a/ → [kuˈ'''ɣʷ'''a]
|-
|}

Notes:
The most common realization of /ɹ/ in stressed syllables is actually [ð̠], a voiced alveolar non-sibilant fricative, but for convenience is typically transcribed as simply [ð].

==== Vowels ====

==== Centralization ====
Vowels preceding /ʔ/ are centralized. /a/ is both centralized and raised:

{| class="wikitable" style="float:center; border: none; text-align:center"
|-
!Shift
!Example
|-
!a → ɐ /_ʔ
|/h'''a'''ʔamu/ → [h'''ɐ'''.ʔaˈmu]2
|-
!u → ʉ /_ʔ
|/han'''u'''ʔa/ → [ha.n'''ʉ'''ˈʔa]2
|-
!i → ɨ /_ʔ
|/p'''i'''ʔa/ → [p'''ɨ'''ˈʔa]
|-
|}

==== Lowering ====
/i/ and /u/ are lowered to [ɛ] and [ɔ], respectively, when preceding nasals and prenasalized consonants:

{| class="wikitable" style="float:center; border: none; text-align:center"
|-
!Shift
!colspan=2 | Examples
|-
!i → ɛ /_N
|/h'''i'''ⁿtu/ → [h'''ɛ'''ˈⁿtu] || /tat'''i'''nu/ → [sa.d'''ɛ'''ˈnu]
|-
!u → ɔ /_N
|/ʔ'''u'''ŋa/ → [ʔ'''ɔ'''ˈŋa] || /k'''u'''maki/ → [k'''ɔ'''.maˈgi]
|-
|}

=== Phonotactics ===

==== Syllable Structure ====
Pangali has a (C)V structure, where a syllable can only contain one vowel, which may or may not be preceded by a consonant. Word initial syllables may occur with either a null onset or with any single consonant, while word internal syllables may only occur with single consonant onsets. Codas are forbidden in any context, with all syllables being open. This is true even for geminate consonants, thus they are analyzed as single consonants as opposed to a sequence of [VC.CV].
==== Epenthesis ====
In instances where a word ending in a null coda (i.e. all words) is followed by a word beginning with a null onset, an epenthetic /ŋ/ is inserted to replace the null onset. This process is treated as if there is no word boundary, and thus the presence of the epenthetic nasal lowers the preceding vowel if it is high, while in other instances word boundaries would prevent this.
*/satawu/ + /ulunasa/ = [sa.daˈgʷɔ ŋu.lɔˈna.sa]
**/satawu/ + /ŋaᵐpinasa/ = [sa.daˈgʷu ˈŋa.ᵐpi.na.zə]

==== Loanwords ====
Due to the nature of this syllable structure non-conforming loanwords are often heavily altered; although it should be noted that calques are extremely more common in favor of familiarity when possible.
Note the insertion of /u/ to break apart clusters and avoid final consonants in the following example.

*Helicopter: /ˈhɛlɪˌkɑptɚ/ > '''alikuputalu'' /ʔalikuputalu/, [ˈʔa.li.gu.bu.da.lu]

==== Stress ====
Lexical stress in Pangali falls on the final syllable of the root, and this remains true even if derivational suffixes apply.

= Numbers =
Filler text is text that shares some characteristics of a real written text, but is random or otherwise generated. It may be used to display a sample of fonts, generate text for testing, or to spoof an e-mail spam filter. The process of using filler text is sometimes called greeking, although the text itself may be nonsense, or largely Latin, as in Lorem ipsum.
= Nouns =
Filler text is text that shares some characteristics of a real written text, but is random or otherwise generated. It may be used to display a sample of fonts, generate text for testing, or to spoof an e-mail spam filter. The process of using filler text is sometimes called greeking, although the text itself may be nonsense, or largely Latin, as in Lorem ipsum.
= Verbs =
While other languages such as [http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanish_Language Spanish] follow a [http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tense-Aspect-Mood Tense-Aspect-Mood (TAM)] system, in which the three categories are largely conflated amongst conjugation paradigms, Pangali primarily expresses these categories in an agglutinative fashion. Where each category can cleanly be separated morpheme by morpheme.

The 6 categories that verbs in Pangali conjugate for are: Person, Tense, Aspect, Mood, and Evidentiality.

=== Person ===
Filler text is text that shares some characteristics of a real written text, but is random or otherwise generated. It may be used to display a sample of fonts, generate text for testing, or to spoof an e-mail spam filter. The process of using filler text is sometimes called greeking, although the text itself may be nonsense, or largely Latin, as in Lorem ipsum.
=== Tense ===
Filler text is text that shares some characteristics of a real written text, but is random or otherwise generated. It may be used to display a sample of fonts, generate text for testing, or to spoof an e-mail spam filter. The process of using filler text is sometimes called greeking, although the text itself may be nonsense, or largely Latin, as in Lorem ipsum.
==== Present Tense ====
Filler text is text that shares some characteristics of a real written text, but is random or otherwise generated. It may be used to display a sample of fonts, generate text for testing, or to spoof an e-mail spam filter. The process of using filler text is sometimes called greeking, although the text itself may be nonsense, or largely Latin, as in Lorem ipsum.

==== Past Tense ====
Filler text is text that shares some characteristics of a real written text, but is random or otherwise generated. It may be used to display a sample of fonts, generate text for testing, or to spoof an e-mail spam filter. The process of using filler text is sometimes called greeking, although the text itself may be nonsense, or largely Latin, as in Lorem ipsum.

=== Aspect ===
Filler text is text that shares some characteristics of a real written text, but is random or otherwise generated. It may be used to display a sample of fonts, generate text for testing, or to spoof an e-mail spam filter. The process of using filler text is sometimes called greeking, although the text itself may be nonsense, or largely Latin, as in Lorem ipsum.
==== Episodic ====

===== Gnomic =====
===== Habitual =====

==== Stative ====

===== Inchoative =====
===== Cessative =====
===== Progressive =====
===== Continuous =====
===== Discontinuous =====

==== Relative ====

===== Retrospective =====

===== Prospective =====

=== Mood ===

=== Evidentiality ===

= Derivational Morphology =
Filler text is text that shares some characteristics of a real written text, but is random or otherwise generated. It may be used to display a sample of fonts, generate text for testing, or to spoof an e-mail spam filter. The process of using filler text is sometimes called greeking, although the text itself may be nonsense, or largely Latin, as in Lorem ipsum.
= Syntax =

=== Parameter Order ===
Pangali, in line with its use of case marking, allows its speakers to vary their choice of word order. That being said, the default and most neutral order is OSV (Object-Subject-Verb):

[ⁿtɛ.mɔˈmi|wa.ᵐpuˈɟi|ka.ɹu.wi.ɹi.ɡaˈvi]

animal-ACC | father.ERG | CAUS-eat

''The father is feeding the animal''

[ŋa.k͡xu.ɡɔ.maˈmi|wa.ᵐpuˈɟi|i.ɹi.ɡaˈvi|hu|u.na.ŋaˈɡʷu|na.mu.wɛ.naˈvi]

1P.GEN-apple-ACC | father.ERG CAUS-eat | REL | INTRANS-I | fear

''I fear that my father is eating my apple.''

=== Topicalization ===
With the exception of the verb, which must be in the final position of a clause, phrases that are emphasized generally come first in a sentence.

'''Śikimi baúmaliku śuwiwaúśuwi''' (Neutral)

child-ACC bird.ERG DIM-bite

''The bird nipped the child''

-

'''Baúmaliku śikimi śuwiwaúśuwi''' (Emphasis on '''baúmaliku''')

bird.ERG child-ACC DIM-bite

''It was the bird that nipped the child''

Pangali

2019-09-10T23:28:47Z

Kóði: /* Lowering */

[[Category:Languages]]
[[Category:Conlangs]]
[[Category:Artlangs]]
[[Category:A_priori]]
[[Category:Language_Isolate]]

{{Infobox language
|name = Pangali
|nativename = Ńipańalusuâ, Pańali
|pronunciation = [ŋi.ba.ŋa.lu.zʉˈʔa], [pa.ŋaˈli]
|creator = [[User:Kóði|Sámuel Hiette Kannosíni]] 
|created = August 8th, 2019
|setting =
|fam1 = [[Language Isolate]]
|script = [[w:Latin script|Latin script]] (Romanization, academic)
|brcl = blue
}}

'''Pangali''' (English: /pɑŋˈgɑli/, /peɪŋˈgɑli/, or /pɛnˈgɑli/) is <s>a poorly made attempt at channeling the creator's artistic nature</s> a constructed language developed by Sámuel Hiette Kannosíni for the purposes of his own <s>gasket-blowing frustration</s> enjoyment and glee.
= Introduction =
<big><center> '''[WARNING - ACHTUNG - AVERTISSEMENT]''' </center></big>
This article is '''very much''' a WIP, examples being inconsistency in formatting/style and references to features not yet fleshed out, as well as some small mentionings of a dialect called Luâi. I '''''realize''''' this is the case, however as someone who has ADHD (primarily inattentive type for the curious informed) and is ''extremely'' busy, my ability to consistently and coherently update this article is abysmal at best.

Thanks for understanding, people who obviously care as much as I do! /s

=== Fictional Setting ===
The Pangali language is the language used by the Pangalu, or the Pangali people, an indigenous people of the Pangali island chain, which is located roughly five hundred and thirty kilometers due west of the Phillipines.
Until 2003 they were considered an uncontacted people, but on March 17th, 2003 an exploratory party onboard a rudimentary sailing vessel voyaged from the northern island of Baluwikaûnu towards the Phillipines. Enroute to their destination, however, they were intercepted by the Philippine Coast Guard some two hundred kilometers northeast of the coast of Tandag City and, controversially, detained for a period of 5 months and 23 days.

Official justification for the length of the detainment was given by the Phillipine Department of Foreign Affairs (DFA) soon after the party’s release, stating:

<blockquote>“Due to the immense language and cultural barrier, as well as concern for the potential spread of disease to the isolated people, and questions regarding their motivation for travel made difficult by the aforementioned barriers, quarantine and detainment procedures were deemed not only the most efficient course of action, but also the safest, for all parties involved.”</blockquote>

The following months gave rise to an increase of international attention surrounding the Pangali people and the continuing communication efforts between them and the Philippine Government. It was later announced by the Philippine DFA that the isolated tribe “no longer wishes to be isolated”, and thus were subsequently placed underneath an international spotlight.

Naturally with the indigenous people now slowly but surely increasing contact with the modern world, records of their culture and language are a must in order to maintain a positive relationship, and thus the purpose of this wiki is, succinctly summarized, to address the linguistic side of such matters.

=== Classification ===
The language is classified as an agglutinative language isolate with a tripartite morphosyntatic alignment that declines nouns under a 12 case system and conjugates verbs for person, tense, aspect, and mood. Adjectives are not inflected and have zero-grade derivation for adverbial phrases.
The primary word order is OSV, however due to nouns being heavily inflected other word orders are possible, with SOV being the most prominently encountered alternate order. Whereas in many languages adpositions are used to indicate different relations between phrases, Pangali typically makes use of existing cases or a variation of Suffixaufnahme (also known as case stacking), wherein different cases are combined to carry the function of an adpositional function not normally covered by the standard twelve.

= Phonology =
In spite of its status as a language isolate, the phonological system of Pangali isn't terribly special in comparison to its neighbors in the Philippines or Australia. A simple syllable structure, few (phonemic) vowels, a fair amount of consonants, and stable vowel quality make this language both interesting and soundly (''ha, pun!'') mundane all at the same time.
=== Phoneme Inventory ===
Pangali's consonant inventory weighs in at a respectable 21 phonemic consonants. A unique feature that may be noted is the presence of phonemic prenasalized stops.

The vowels, on the other hand, number only three in terms of phonemic units. As with many languages with small vowel inventories, what vowels that Pangali does have are subject to significant allophonic variation.
{| class="wikitable" style="margin-left:auto; margin-right: auto; border: none; text-align:center"
|+Pangali Consonant Inventory
|-
! colspan=2 |
! Labial
! Alveolar
! Velar
! Glottal
|-
! colspan=2|Nasal
| m {{angbr|m}}
| n {{angbr|n}}
| ŋ {{angbr|ń}}
|
|-
! rowspan=2 | Plosive
! Plain
| p {{angbr|p}}
| t {{angbr|t}}
| k {{angbr|k}}
| ʔ {{angbr|ˆ}}
|-
! Prenasalized
| ᵐp {{angbr|b}}
| ⁿt {{angbr|d}}
| ᵑk {{angbr|g}}
|
|-
! colspan=2|Fricative
|
|
|
| h {{angbr |hr,hj}}
|-
! colspan=2|Approximant
|
|/ɹ/ {{angbr|r}}
|/w/ {{angbr|w}}
|
|-

{| class="wikitable" style="margin-left:auto; margin-right: auto; border: none; text-align:center"
|+Pangali Vowel Inventory
|-
! || Front || Back
|-
! Close
| /i/ {{angbr |i}}
| /u/ {{angbr |u}}
|-
! Open
|/a/ {{angbr |a}}
|
|-
|}

=== Romanization ===
The Pangalu currently have no official writing system but offers to be taught the romanization used in the recorded lexicon produced by academics have been met with enthusiasim.

=== Allophonic Variation ===
==== Plosives ====
Comprising 12 different allophonic variations, Pangali's plosives are the most unstable aspect of the language's phonological inventory.
===== Sonorization =====
Standard Pangali: Plain voiceless plosives become voiced in intervocalic positions.

{| class="wikitable" style="float:center; border: none; text-align:center"
|-
!Shift
!Example
|-
!p → b / V_V
|/ʔu'''p'''a/ → [ʔuˈ'''b'''a]
|-
!t → d / V_V
|/huwu'''t'''uwi/ → [hu.wu.'''d'''uˈɣʷi]1
|-
!k → g / V_V
|/ⁿta'''k'''u/ → [ⁿtaˈ'''g'''u]
|-
|}

===== Dissimilation =====

Word initially, /p t k/ spirantize to [f s x] when the following syllable shares the same onset. Under the same conditions intervocalically, /p t k/ instead affricate to [p͡f t͡s k͡x]:
{| class="wikitable" style="float:center; border: none; text-align:center"
|-
!Word Initial
!Example
!Intervocalic
!Example
|-
!p → f / _Vp
|/'''p'''apa/ → ['''f'''aˈba]
!p → p͡f / V_Vp
|/ᵐpi'''p'''apa/ → [ᵐpi.'''p͡f'''aˈba]
|-
!t → s / _Vt
|/'''t'''utiɹa/ → ['''s'''u.diˈða]
!t → t͡s / V_Vt
|/ᵐpi'''t'''utiɹa/ → [ᵐpi.'''t͡s'''u.diˈða]
|-
!k → x / _Vk
|/'''k'''uka/ → ['''x'''uˈga]
!k → k͡x / V_Vk
|/ᵐpi'''k'''uka/ → [ᵐpi.'''k͡x'''uˈga]
|-
|}

It is theorized that /p t k/ originally affricated in all positions but later spirantized word initially.

==== Approximants ====
==== Fortition ====
/ɹ j w/ fortify to [ð ʝ ɣʷ] when occurring in a stressed syllable:

{|class="wikitable" style="float:center; border: none; text-align:center"
! Shifts
! colspan=2 | Examples
|-
! rowspan=2 | ɹ → ð
|/pa'''ɹ'''a/ → [paˈ'''ð'''a]
|-
|/ki'''ɹ'''i/ → [kiˈ'''ð'''i]
|-
! rowspan=2 | j → ʝ
|/iɹata'''j'''u/ → [i.ɹa.daˈ'''ʝ'''u]
|-
|/ni'''wj''a/ → [niˈ'''ʝ'''a]
|-
! rowspan=2 | w → ɣʷ
|/i'''w'''i/ → [iˈ'''ɣʷ'''i]
|-
|/ku'''w''a/ → [kuˈ'''ɣʷ'''a]
|-
|}

Notes:
The most common realization of /ɹ/ in stressed syllables is actually [ð̠], a voiced alveolar non-sibilant fricative, but for convenience is typically transcribed as simply [ð].

==== Vowels ====

==== Centralization ====
Vowels preceding /ʔ/ are centralized. /a/ is both centralized and raised:

{| class="wikitable" style="float:center; border: none; text-align:center"
|-
!Shift
!Example
|-
!a → ɐ /_ʔ
|/h'''a'''ʔamu/ → [h'''ɐ'''.ʔaˈmu]2
|-
!u → ʉ /_ʔ
|/han'''u'''ʔa/ → [ha.n'''ʉ'''ˈʔa]2
|-
!i → ɨ /_ʔ
|/p'''i'''ʔa/ → [p'''ɨ'''ˈʔa]
|-
|}

==== Lowering ====
/i/ and /u/ are lowered to [ɛ] and [ɔ], respectively, when preceding nasals and prenasalized consonants:

{| class="wikitable" style="float:center; border: none; text-align:center"
|-
!Shift
!colspan=2 | Examples
|-
!i → ɛ /_N
|/h'''i'''ⁿtu/ → [h'''ɛ'''ˈⁿtu] || /tat'''i'''nu/ → [sa.d'''ɛ'''ˈnu]
|-
!u → ɔ /_N
|/ʔ'''u'''ŋa/ → [ʔ'''ɔ'''ˈŋa] || /k'''u'''maki/ → [k'''ɔ'''.maˈgi]
|-
|}

=== Phonotactics ===

==== Syllable Structure ====
Pangali has a (C)V structure, where a syllable can only contain one vowel, which may or may not be preceded by a consonant. Word initial syllables may occur with either a null onset or with any single consonant, while word internal syllables may only occur with single consonant onsets. Codas are forbidden in any context, with all syllables being open. This is true even for geminate consonants, thus they are analyzed as single consonants as opposed to a sequence of [VC.CV].
==== Epenthesis ====
In instances where a word ending in a null coda (i.e. all words) is followed by a word beginning with a null onset, an epenthetic /ŋ/ is inserted to replace the null onset. This process is treated as if there is no word boundary, and thus the presence of the epenthetic nasal lowers the preceding vowel if it is high, while in other instances word boundaries would prevent this.
*/satawu/ + /ulunasa/ = [sa.daˈgʷɔ ŋu.lɔˈna.sa]
**/satawu/ + /ŋaᵐpinasa/ = [sa.daˈgʷu ˈŋa.ᵐpi.na.zə]

==== Loanwords ====
Due to the nature of this syllable structure non-conforming loanwords are often heavily altered; although it should be noted that calques are extremely more common in favor of familiarity when possible.
Note the insertion of /u/ to break apart clusters and avoid final consonants in the following example.

*Helicopter: /ˈhɛlɪˌkɑptɚ/ > '''alikuputalu'' /ʔalikuputalu/, [ˈʔa.li.gu.bu.da.lu]

==== Stress ====
Lexical stress in Pangali falls on the final syllable of the root, and this remains true even if derivational suffixes apply.

= Numbers =
Filler text is text that shares some characteristics of a real written text, but is random or otherwise generated. It may be used to display a sample of fonts, generate text for testing, or to spoof an e-mail spam filter. The process of using filler text is sometimes called greeking, although the text itself may be nonsense, or largely Latin, as in Lorem ipsum.
= Nouns =
Filler text is text that shares some characteristics of a real written text, but is random or otherwise generated. It may be used to display a sample of fonts, generate text for testing, or to spoof an e-mail spam filter. The process of using filler text is sometimes called greeking, although the text itself may be nonsense, or largely Latin, as in Lorem ipsum.
= Verbs =
While other languages such as [http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanish_Language Spanish] follow a [http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tense-Aspect-Mood Tense-Aspect-Mood (TAM)] system, in which the three categories are largely conflated amongst conjugation paradigms, Pangali primarily expresses these categories in an agglutinative fashion. Where each category can cleanly be separated morpheme by morpheme.

The 6 categories that verbs in Pangali conjugate for are: Person, Tense, Aspect, Mood, and Evidentiality.

=== Person ===
Filler text is text that shares some characteristics of a real written text, but is random or otherwise generated. It may be used to display a sample of fonts, generate text for testing, or to spoof an e-mail spam filter. The process of using filler text is sometimes called greeking, although the text itself may be nonsense, or largely Latin, as in Lorem ipsum.
=== Tense ===
Filler text is text that shares some characteristics of a real written text, but is random or otherwise generated. It may be used to display a sample of fonts, generate text for testing, or to spoof an e-mail spam filter. The process of using filler text is sometimes called greeking, although the text itself may be nonsense, or largely Latin, as in Lorem ipsum.
==== Present Tense ====
Filler text is text that shares some characteristics of a real written text, but is random or otherwise generated. It may be used to display a sample of fonts, generate text for testing, or to spoof an e-mail spam filter. The process of using filler text is sometimes called greeking, although the text itself may be nonsense, or largely Latin, as in Lorem ipsum.

==== Past Tense ====
Filler text is text that shares some characteristics of a real written text, but is random or otherwise generated. It may be used to display a sample of fonts, generate text for testing, or to spoof an e-mail spam filter. The process of using filler text is sometimes called greeking, although the text itself may be nonsense, or largely Latin, as in Lorem ipsum.

=== Aspect ===
Filler text is text that shares some characteristics of a real written text, but is random or otherwise generated. It may be used to display a sample of fonts, generate text for testing, or to spoof an e-mail spam filter. The process of using filler text is sometimes called greeking, although the text itself may be nonsense, or largely Latin, as in Lorem ipsum.
==== Episodic ====

===== Gnomic =====
===== Habitual =====

==== Stative ====

===== Inchoative =====
===== Cessative =====
===== Progressive =====
===== Continuous =====
===== Discontinuous =====

==== Relative ====

===== Retrospective =====

===== Prospective =====

=== Mood ===

=== Evidentiality ===

= Derivational Morphology =
Filler text is text that shares some characteristics of a real written text, but is random or otherwise generated. It may be used to display a sample of fonts, generate text for testing, or to spoof an e-mail spam filter. The process of using filler text is sometimes called greeking, although the text itself may be nonsense, or largely Latin, as in Lorem ipsum.
= Syntax =

=== Parameter Order ===
Pangali, in line with its use of case marking, allows its speakers to vary their choice of word order. That being said, the default and most neutral order is OSV (Object-Subject-Verb):

[ⁿtɛ.mɔˈmi|wa.ᵐpuˈɟi|ka.ɹu.wi.ɹi.ɡaˈvi]

animal-ACC | father.ERG | CAUS-eat

''The father is feeding the animal''

[ŋa.k͡xu.ɡɔ.maˈmi|wa.ᵐpuˈɟi|i.ɹi.ɡaˈvi|hu|u.na.ŋaˈɡʷu|na.mu.wɛ.naˈvi]

1P.GEN-apple-ACC | father.ERG CAUS-eat | REL | INTRANS-I | fear

''I fear that my father is eating my apple.''

=== Topicalization ===
With the exception of the verb, which must be in the final position of a clause, phrases that are emphasized generally come first in a sentence.

'''Śikimi baúmaliku śuwiwaúśuwi''' (Neutral)

child-ACC bird.ERG DIM-bite

''The bird nipped the child''

-

'''Baúmaliku śikimi śuwiwaúśuwi''' (Emphasis on '''baúmaliku''')

bird.ERG child-ACC DIM-bite

''It was the bird that nipped the child''

Pangali

2019-09-10T23:28:19Z

Kóði: /* Centralization */

[[Category:Languages]]
[[Category:Conlangs]]
[[Category:Artlangs]]
[[Category:A_priori]]
[[Category:Language_Isolate]]

{{Infobox language
|name = Pangali
|nativename = Ńipańalusuâ, Pańali
|pronunciation = [ŋi.ba.ŋa.lu.zʉˈʔa], [pa.ŋaˈli]
|creator = [[User:Kóði|Sámuel Hiette Kannosíni]] 
|created = August 8th, 2019
|setting =
|fam1 = [[Language Isolate]]
|script = [[w:Latin script|Latin script]] (Romanization, academic)
|brcl = blue
}}

'''Pangali''' (English: /pɑŋˈgɑli/, /peɪŋˈgɑli/, or /pɛnˈgɑli/) is <s>a poorly made attempt at channeling the creator's artistic nature</s> a constructed language developed by Sámuel Hiette Kannosíni for the purposes of his own <s>gasket-blowing frustration</s> enjoyment and glee.
= Introduction =
<big><center> '''[WARNING - ACHTUNG - AVERTISSEMENT]''' </center></big>
This article is '''very much''' a WIP, examples being inconsistency in formatting/style and references to features not yet fleshed out, as well as some small mentionings of a dialect called Luâi. I '''''realize''''' this is the case, however as someone who has ADHD (primarily inattentive type for the curious informed) and is ''extremely'' busy, my ability to consistently and coherently update this article is abysmal at best.

Thanks for understanding, people who obviously care as much as I do! /s

=== Fictional Setting ===
The Pangali language is the language used by the Pangalu, or the Pangali people, an indigenous people of the Pangali island chain, which is located roughly five hundred and thirty kilometers due west of the Phillipines.
Until 2003 they were considered an uncontacted people, but on March 17th, 2003 an exploratory party onboard a rudimentary sailing vessel voyaged from the northern island of Baluwikaûnu towards the Phillipines. Enroute to their destination, however, they were intercepted by the Philippine Coast Guard some two hundred kilometers northeast of the coast of Tandag City and, controversially, detained for a period of 5 months and 23 days.

Official justification for the length of the detainment was given by the Phillipine Department of Foreign Affairs (DFA) soon after the party’s release, stating:

<blockquote>“Due to the immense language and cultural barrier, as well as concern for the potential spread of disease to the isolated people, and questions regarding their motivation for travel made difficult by the aforementioned barriers, quarantine and detainment procedures were deemed not only the most efficient course of action, but also the safest, for all parties involved.”</blockquote>

The following months gave rise to an increase of international attention surrounding the Pangali people and the continuing communication efforts between them and the Philippine Government. It was later announced by the Philippine DFA that the isolated tribe “no longer wishes to be isolated”, and thus were subsequently placed underneath an international spotlight.

Naturally with the indigenous people now slowly but surely increasing contact with the modern world, records of their culture and language are a must in order to maintain a positive relationship, and thus the purpose of this wiki is, succinctly summarized, to address the linguistic side of such matters.

=== Classification ===
The language is classified as an agglutinative language isolate with a tripartite morphosyntatic alignment that declines nouns under a 12 case system and conjugates verbs for person, tense, aspect, and mood. Adjectives are not inflected and have zero-grade derivation for adverbial phrases.
The primary word order is OSV, however due to nouns being heavily inflected other word orders are possible, with SOV being the most prominently encountered alternate order. Whereas in many languages adpositions are used to indicate different relations between phrases, Pangali typically makes use of existing cases or a variation of Suffixaufnahme (also known as case stacking), wherein different cases are combined to carry the function of an adpositional function not normally covered by the standard twelve.

= Phonology =
In spite of its status as a language isolate, the phonological system of Pangali isn't terribly special in comparison to its neighbors in the Philippines or Australia. A simple syllable structure, few (phonemic) vowels, a fair amount of consonants, and stable vowel quality make this language both interesting and soundly (''ha, pun!'') mundane all at the same time.
=== Phoneme Inventory ===
Pangali's consonant inventory weighs in at a respectable 21 phonemic consonants. A unique feature that may be noted is the presence of phonemic prenasalized stops.

The vowels, on the other hand, number only three in terms of phonemic units. As with many languages with small vowel inventories, what vowels that Pangali does have are subject to significant allophonic variation.
{| class="wikitable" style="margin-left:auto; margin-right: auto; border: none; text-align:center"
|+Pangali Consonant Inventory
|-
! colspan=2 |
! Labial
! Alveolar
! Velar
! Glottal
|-
! colspan=2|Nasal
| m {{angbr|m}}
| n {{angbr|n}}
| ŋ {{angbr|ń}}
|
|-
! rowspan=2 | Plosive
! Plain
| p {{angbr|p}}
| t {{angbr|t}}
| k {{angbr|k}}
| ʔ {{angbr|ˆ}}
|-
! Prenasalized
| ᵐp {{angbr|b}}
| ⁿt {{angbr|d}}
| ᵑk {{angbr|g}}
|
|-
! colspan=2|Fricative
|
|
|
| h {{angbr |hr,hj}}
|-
! colspan=2|Approximant
|
|/ɹ/ {{angbr|r}}
|/w/ {{angbr|w}}
|
|-

{| class="wikitable" style="margin-left:auto; margin-right: auto; border: none; text-align:center"
|+Pangali Vowel Inventory
|-
! || Front || Back
|-
! Close
| /i/ {{angbr |i}}
| /u/ {{angbr |u}}
|-
! Open
|/a/ {{angbr |a}}
|
|-
|}

=== Romanization ===
The Pangalu currently have no official writing system but offers to be taught the romanization used in the recorded lexicon produced by academics have been met with enthusiasim.

=== Allophonic Variation ===
==== Plosives ====
Comprising 12 different allophonic variations, Pangali's plosives are the most unstable aspect of the language's phonological inventory.
===== Sonorization =====
Standard Pangali: Plain voiceless plosives become voiced in intervocalic positions.

{| class="wikitable" style="float:center; border: none; text-align:center"
|-
!Shift
!Example
|-
!p → b / V_V
|/ʔu'''p'''a/ → [ʔuˈ'''b'''a]
|-
!t → d / V_V
|/huwu'''t'''uwi/ → [hu.wu.'''d'''uˈɣʷi]1
|-
!k → g / V_V
|/ⁿta'''k'''u/ → [ⁿtaˈ'''g'''u]
|-
|}

===== Dissimilation =====

Word initially, /p t k/ spirantize to [f s x] when the following syllable shares the same onset. Under the same conditions intervocalically, /p t k/ instead affricate to [p͡f t͡s k͡x]:
{| class="wikitable" style="float:center; border: none; text-align:center"
|-
!Word Initial
!Example
!Intervocalic
!Example
|-
!p → f / _Vp
|/'''p'''apa/ → ['''f'''aˈba]
!p → p͡f / V_Vp
|/ᵐpi'''p'''apa/ → [ᵐpi.'''p͡f'''aˈba]
|-
!t → s / _Vt
|/'''t'''utiɹa/ → ['''s'''u.diˈða]
!t → t͡s / V_Vt
|/ᵐpi'''t'''utiɹa/ → [ᵐpi.'''t͡s'''u.diˈða]
|-
!k → x / _Vk
|/'''k'''uka/ → ['''x'''uˈga]
!k → k͡x / V_Vk
|/ᵐpi'''k'''uka/ → [ᵐpi.'''k͡x'''uˈga]
|-
|}

It is theorized that /p t k/ originally affricated in all positions but later spirantized word initially.

==== Approximants ====
==== Fortition ====
/ɹ j w/ fortify to [ð ʝ ɣʷ] when occurring in a stressed syllable:

{|class="wikitable" style="float:center; border: none; text-align:center"
! Shifts
! colspan=2 | Examples
|-
! rowspan=2 | ɹ → ð
|/pa'''ɹ'''a/ → [paˈ'''ð'''a]
|-
|/ki'''ɹ'''i/ → [kiˈ'''ð'''i]
|-
! rowspan=2 | j → ʝ
|/iɹata'''j'''u/ → [i.ɹa.daˈ'''ʝ'''u]
|-
|/ni'''wj''a/ → [niˈ'''ʝ'''a]
|-
! rowspan=2 | w → ɣʷ
|/i'''w'''i/ → [iˈ'''ɣʷ'''i]
|-
|/ku'''w''a/ → [kuˈ'''ɣʷ'''a]
|-
|}

Notes:
The most common realization of /ɹ/ in stressed syllables is actually [ð̠], a voiced alveolar non-sibilant fricative, but for convenience is typically transcribed as simply [ð].

==== Vowels ====

==== Centralization ====
Vowels preceding /ʔ/ are centralized. /a/ is both centralized and raised:

{| class="wikitable" style="float:center; border: none; text-align:center"
|-
!Shift
!Example
|-
!a → ɐ /_ʔ
|/h'''a'''ʔamu/ → [h'''ɐ'''.ʔaˈmu]2
|-
!u → ʉ /_ʔ
|/han'''u'''ʔa/ → [ha.n'''ʉ'''ˈʔa]2
|-
!i → ɨ /_ʔ
|/p'''i'''ʔa/ → [p'''ɨ'''ˈʔa]
|-
|}

==== Lowering ====
/i/ and /u/ are lowered to [ɛ] and [ɔ], respectively, when preceding nasals and prenasalized consonants:

{| class="wikitable" style="float:center; border: none; text-align:center"
|-
!Shift
!colspan=2 | Examples
|-
!/i/ → [ɛ]
|/h'''i'''ⁿtu/ → [h'''ɛ'''ˈⁿtu] || /tat'''i'''nu/ → [sa.d'''ɛ'''ˈnu]
|-
!/u/ → [ɔ]
|/ʔ'''u'''ŋa/ → [ʔ'''ɔ'''ˈŋa] || /k'''u'''maki/ → [k'''ɔ'''.maˈgi]
|-
|}

=== Phonotactics ===

==== Syllable Structure ====
Pangali has a (C)V structure, where a syllable can only contain one vowel, which may or may not be preceded by a consonant. Word initial syllables may occur with either a null onset or with any single consonant, while word internal syllables may only occur with single consonant onsets. Codas are forbidden in any context, with all syllables being open. This is true even for geminate consonants, thus they are analyzed as single consonants as opposed to a sequence of [VC.CV].
==== Epenthesis ====
In instances where a word ending in a null coda (i.e. all words) is followed by a word beginning with a null onset, an epenthetic /ŋ/ is inserted to replace the null onset. This process is treated as if there is no word boundary, and thus the presence of the epenthetic nasal lowers the preceding vowel if it is high, while in other instances word boundaries would prevent this.
*/satawu/ + /ulunasa/ = [sa.daˈgʷɔ ŋu.lɔˈna.sa]
**/satawu/ + /ŋaᵐpinasa/ = [sa.daˈgʷu ˈŋa.ᵐpi.na.zə]

==== Loanwords ====
Due to the nature of this syllable structure non-conforming loanwords are often heavily altered; although it should be noted that calques are extremely more common in favor of familiarity when possible.
Note the insertion of /u/ to break apart clusters and avoid final consonants in the following example.

*Helicopter: /ˈhɛlɪˌkɑptɚ/ > '''alikuputalu'' /ʔalikuputalu/, [ˈʔa.li.gu.bu.da.lu]

==== Stress ====
Lexical stress in Pangali falls on the final syllable of the root, and this remains true even if derivational suffixes apply.

= Numbers =
Filler text is text that shares some characteristics of a real written text, but is random or otherwise generated. It may be used to display a sample of fonts, generate text for testing, or to spoof an e-mail spam filter. The process of using filler text is sometimes called greeking, although the text itself may be nonsense, or largely Latin, as in Lorem ipsum.
= Nouns =
Filler text is text that shares some characteristics of a real written text, but is random or otherwise generated. It may be used to display a sample of fonts, generate text for testing, or to spoof an e-mail spam filter. The process of using filler text is sometimes called greeking, although the text itself may be nonsense, or largely Latin, as in Lorem ipsum.
= Verbs =
While other languages such as [http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanish_Language Spanish] follow a [http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tense-Aspect-Mood Tense-Aspect-Mood (TAM)] system, in which the three categories are largely conflated amongst conjugation paradigms, Pangali primarily expresses these categories in an agglutinative fashion. Where each category can cleanly be separated morpheme by morpheme.

The 6 categories that verbs in Pangali conjugate for are: Person, Tense, Aspect, Mood, and Evidentiality.

=== Person ===
Filler text is text that shares some characteristics of a real written text, but is random or otherwise generated. It may be used to display a sample of fonts, generate text for testing, or to spoof an e-mail spam filter. The process of using filler text is sometimes called greeking, although the text itself may be nonsense, or largely Latin, as in Lorem ipsum.
=== Tense ===
Filler text is text that shares some characteristics of a real written text, but is random or otherwise generated. It may be used to display a sample of fonts, generate text for testing, or to spoof an e-mail spam filter. The process of using filler text is sometimes called greeking, although the text itself may be nonsense, or largely Latin, as in Lorem ipsum.
==== Present Tense ====
Filler text is text that shares some characteristics of a real written text, but is random or otherwise generated. It may be used to display a sample of fonts, generate text for testing, or to spoof an e-mail spam filter. The process of using filler text is sometimes called greeking, although the text itself may be nonsense, or largely Latin, as in Lorem ipsum.

==== Past Tense ====
Filler text is text that shares some characteristics of a real written text, but is random or otherwise generated. It may be used to display a sample of fonts, generate text for testing, or to spoof an e-mail spam filter. The process of using filler text is sometimes called greeking, although the text itself may be nonsense, or largely Latin, as in Lorem ipsum.

=== Aspect ===
Filler text is text that shares some characteristics of a real written text, but is random or otherwise generated. It may be used to display a sample of fonts, generate text for testing, or to spoof an e-mail spam filter. The process of using filler text is sometimes called greeking, although the text itself may be nonsense, or largely Latin, as in Lorem ipsum.
==== Episodic ====

===== Gnomic =====
===== Habitual =====

==== Stative ====

===== Inchoative =====
===== Cessative =====
===== Progressive =====
===== Continuous =====
===== Discontinuous =====

==== Relative ====

===== Retrospective =====

===== Prospective =====

=== Mood ===

=== Evidentiality ===

= Derivational Morphology =
Filler text is text that shares some characteristics of a real written text, but is random or otherwise generated. It may be used to display a sample of fonts, generate text for testing, or to spoof an e-mail spam filter. The process of using filler text is sometimes called greeking, although the text itself may be nonsense, or largely Latin, as in Lorem ipsum.
= Syntax =

=== Parameter Order ===
Pangali, in line with its use of case marking, allows its speakers to vary their choice of word order. That being said, the default and most neutral order is OSV (Object-Subject-Verb):

[ⁿtɛ.mɔˈmi|wa.ᵐpuˈɟi|ka.ɹu.wi.ɹi.ɡaˈvi]

animal-ACC | father.ERG | CAUS-eat

''The father is feeding the animal''

[ŋa.k͡xu.ɡɔ.maˈmi|wa.ᵐpuˈɟi|i.ɹi.ɡaˈvi|hu|u.na.ŋaˈɡʷu|na.mu.wɛ.naˈvi]

1P.GEN-apple-ACC | father.ERG CAUS-eat | REL | INTRANS-I | fear

''I fear that my father is eating my apple.''

=== Topicalization ===
With the exception of the verb, which must be in the final position of a clause, phrases that are emphasized generally come first in a sentence.

'''Śikimi baúmaliku śuwiwaúśuwi''' (Neutral)

child-ACC bird.ERG DIM-bite

''The bird nipped the child''

-

'''Baúmaliku śikimi śuwiwaúśuwi''' (Emphasis on '''baúmaliku''')

bird.ERG child-ACC DIM-bite

''It was the bird that nipped the child''

Pangali

2019-09-10T23:26:24Z

Kóði: /* Fortition */

[[Category:Languages]]
[[Category:Conlangs]]
[[Category:Artlangs]]
[[Category:A_priori]]
[[Category:Language_Isolate]]

{{Infobox language
|name = Pangali
|nativename = Ńipańalusuâ, Pańali
|pronunciation = [ŋi.ba.ŋa.lu.zʉˈʔa], [pa.ŋaˈli]
|creator = [[User:Kóði|Sámuel Hiette Kannosíni]] 
|created = August 8th, 2019
|setting =
|fam1 = [[Language Isolate]]
|script = [[w:Latin script|Latin script]] (Romanization, academic)
|brcl = blue
}}

'''Pangali''' (English: /pɑŋˈgɑli/, /peɪŋˈgɑli/, or /pɛnˈgɑli/) is <s>a poorly made attempt at channeling the creator's artistic nature</s> a constructed language developed by Sámuel Hiette Kannosíni for the purposes of his own <s>gasket-blowing frustration</s> enjoyment and glee.
= Introduction =
<big><center> '''[WARNING - ACHTUNG - AVERTISSEMENT]''' </center></big>
This article is '''very much''' a WIP, examples being inconsistency in formatting/style and references to features not yet fleshed out, as well as some small mentionings of a dialect called Luâi. I '''''realize''''' this is the case, however as someone who has ADHD (primarily inattentive type for the curious informed) and is ''extremely'' busy, my ability to consistently and coherently update this article is abysmal at best.

Thanks for understanding, people who obviously care as much as I do! /s

=== Fictional Setting ===
The Pangali language is the language used by the Pangalu, or the Pangali people, an indigenous people of the Pangali island chain, which is located roughly five hundred and thirty kilometers due west of the Phillipines.
Until 2003 they were considered an uncontacted people, but on March 17th, 2003 an exploratory party onboard a rudimentary sailing vessel voyaged from the northern island of Baluwikaûnu towards the Phillipines. Enroute to their destination, however, they were intercepted by the Philippine Coast Guard some two hundred kilometers northeast of the coast of Tandag City and, controversially, detained for a period of 5 months and 23 days.

Official justification for the length of the detainment was given by the Phillipine Department of Foreign Affairs (DFA) soon after the party’s release, stating:

<blockquote>“Due to the immense language and cultural barrier, as well as concern for the potential spread of disease to the isolated people, and questions regarding their motivation for travel made difficult by the aforementioned barriers, quarantine and detainment procedures were deemed not only the most efficient course of action, but also the safest, for all parties involved.”</blockquote>

The following months gave rise to an increase of international attention surrounding the Pangali people and the continuing communication efforts between them and the Philippine Government. It was later announced by the Philippine DFA that the isolated tribe “no longer wishes to be isolated”, and thus were subsequently placed underneath an international spotlight.

Naturally with the indigenous people now slowly but surely increasing contact with the modern world, records of their culture and language are a must in order to maintain a positive relationship, and thus the purpose of this wiki is, succinctly summarized, to address the linguistic side of such matters.

=== Classification ===
The language is classified as an agglutinative language isolate with a tripartite morphosyntatic alignment that declines nouns under a 12 case system and conjugates verbs for person, tense, aspect, and mood. Adjectives are not inflected and have zero-grade derivation for adverbial phrases.
The primary word order is OSV, however due to nouns being heavily inflected other word orders are possible, with SOV being the most prominently encountered alternate order. Whereas in many languages adpositions are used to indicate different relations between phrases, Pangali typically makes use of existing cases or a variation of Suffixaufnahme (also known as case stacking), wherein different cases are combined to carry the function of an adpositional function not normally covered by the standard twelve.

= Phonology =
In spite of its status as a language isolate, the phonological system of Pangali isn't terribly special in comparison to its neighbors in the Philippines or Australia. A simple syllable structure, few (phonemic) vowels, a fair amount of consonants, and stable vowel quality make this language both interesting and soundly (''ha, pun!'') mundane all at the same time.
=== Phoneme Inventory ===
Pangali's consonant inventory weighs in at a respectable 21 phonemic consonants. A unique feature that may be noted is the presence of phonemic prenasalized stops.

The vowels, on the other hand, number only three in terms of phonemic units. As with many languages with small vowel inventories, what vowels that Pangali does have are subject to significant allophonic variation.
{| class="wikitable" style="margin-left:auto; margin-right: auto; border: none; text-align:center"
|+Pangali Consonant Inventory
|-
! colspan=2 |
! Labial
! Alveolar
! Velar
! Glottal
|-
! colspan=2|Nasal
| m {{angbr|m}}
| n {{angbr|n}}
| ŋ {{angbr|ń}}
|
|-
! rowspan=2 | Plosive
! Plain
| p {{angbr|p}}
| t {{angbr|t}}
| k {{angbr|k}}
| ʔ {{angbr|ˆ}}
|-
! Prenasalized
| ᵐp {{angbr|b}}
| ⁿt {{angbr|d}}
| ᵑk {{angbr|g}}
|
|-
! colspan=2|Fricative
|
|
|
| h {{angbr |hr,hj}}
|-
! colspan=2|Approximant
|
|/ɹ/ {{angbr|r}}
|/w/ {{angbr|w}}
|
|-

{| class="wikitable" style="margin-left:auto; margin-right: auto; border: none; text-align:center"
|+Pangali Vowel Inventory
|-
! || Front || Back
|-
! Close
| /i/ {{angbr |i}}
| /u/ {{angbr |u}}
|-
! Open
|/a/ {{angbr |a}}
|
|-
|}

=== Romanization ===
The Pangalu currently have no official writing system but offers to be taught the romanization used in the recorded lexicon produced by academics have been met with enthusiasim.

=== Allophonic Variation ===
==== Plosives ====
Comprising 12 different allophonic variations, Pangali's plosives are the most unstable aspect of the language's phonological inventory.
===== Sonorization =====
Standard Pangali: Plain voiceless plosives become voiced in intervocalic positions.

{| class="wikitable" style="float:center; border: none; text-align:center"
|-
!Shift
!Example
|-
!p → b / V_V
|/ʔu'''p'''a/ → [ʔuˈ'''b'''a]
|-
!t → d / V_V
|/huwu'''t'''uwi/ → [hu.wu.'''d'''uˈɣʷi]1
|-
!k → g / V_V
|/ⁿta'''k'''u/ → [ⁿtaˈ'''g'''u]
|-
|}

===== Dissimilation =====

Word initially, /p t k/ spirantize to [f s x] when the following syllable shares the same onset. Under the same conditions intervocalically, /p t k/ instead affricate to [p͡f t͡s k͡x]:
{| class="wikitable" style="float:center; border: none; text-align:center"
|-
!Word Initial
!Example
!Intervocalic
!Example
|-
!p → f / _Vp
|/'''p'''apa/ → ['''f'''aˈba]
!p → p͡f / V_Vp
|/ᵐpi'''p'''apa/ → [ᵐpi.'''p͡f'''aˈba]
|-
!t → s / _Vt
|/'''t'''utiɹa/ → ['''s'''u.diˈða]
!t → t͡s / V_Vt
|/ᵐpi'''t'''utiɹa/ → [ᵐpi.'''t͡s'''u.diˈða]
|-
!k → x / _Vk
|/'''k'''uka/ → ['''x'''uˈga]
!k → k͡x / V_Vk
|/ᵐpi'''k'''uka/ → [ᵐpi.'''k͡x'''uˈga]
|-
|}

It is theorized that /p t k/ originally affricated in all positions but later spirantized word initially.

==== Approximants ====
==== Fortition ====
/ɹ j w/ fortify to [ð ʝ ɣʷ] when occurring in a stressed syllable:

{|class="wikitable" style="float:center; border: none; text-align:center"
! Shifts
! colspan=2 | Examples
|-
! rowspan=2 | ɹ → ð
|/pa'''ɹ'''a/ → [paˈ'''ð'''a]
|-
|/ki'''ɹ'''i/ → [kiˈ'''ð'''i]
|-
! rowspan=2 | j → ʝ
|/iɹata'''j'''u/ → [i.ɹa.daˈ'''ʝ'''u]
|-
|/ni'''wj''a/ → [niˈ'''ʝ'''a]
|-
! rowspan=2 | w → ɣʷ
|/i'''w'''i/ → [iˈ'''ɣʷ'''i]
|-
|/ku'''w''a/ → [kuˈ'''ɣʷ'''a]
|-
|}

Notes:
The most common realization of /ɹ/ in stressed syllables is actually [ð̠], a voiced alveolar non-sibilant fricative, but for convenience is typically transcribed as simply [ð].

==== Vowels ====

==== Centralization ====
Vowels preceding /ʔ/ are centralized. /a/ is both centralized and raised:

{| class="wikitable" style="float:center; border: none; text-align:center"
|-
!Shift
!Example
|-
!/a/ → [ɐ]
|/h'''a'''ʔamu/ → [h'''ɐ'''.ʔaˈmu]2
|-
!/u/ → [ʉ]
|/han'''u'''ʔa/ → [ha.n'''ʉ'''ˈʔa]2
|-
!/i/ → [ɨ]
|/p'''i'''ʔa/ → [p'''ɨ'''ˈʔa]
|-
|}

==== Lowering ====
/i/ and /u/ are lowered to [ɛ] and [ɔ], respectively, when preceding nasals and prenasalized consonants:

{| class="wikitable" style="float:center; border: none; text-align:center"
|-
!Shift
!colspan=2 | Examples
|-
!/i/ → [ɛ]
|/h'''i'''ⁿtu/ → [h'''ɛ'''ˈⁿtu] || /tat'''i'''nu/ → [sa.d'''ɛ'''ˈnu]
|-
!/u/ → [ɔ]
|/ʔ'''u'''ŋa/ → [ʔ'''ɔ'''ˈŋa] || /k'''u'''maki/ → [k'''ɔ'''.maˈgi]
|-
|}

=== Phonotactics ===

==== Syllable Structure ====
Pangali has a (C)V structure, where a syllable can only contain one vowel, which may or may not be preceded by a consonant. Word initial syllables may occur with either a null onset or with any single consonant, while word internal syllables may only occur with single consonant onsets. Codas are forbidden in any context, with all syllables being open. This is true even for geminate consonants, thus they are analyzed as single consonants as opposed to a sequence of [VC.CV].
==== Epenthesis ====
In instances where a word ending in a null coda (i.e. all words) is followed by a word beginning with a null onset, an epenthetic /ŋ/ is inserted to replace the null onset. This process is treated as if there is no word boundary, and thus the presence of the epenthetic nasal lowers the preceding vowel if it is high, while in other instances word boundaries would prevent this.
*/satawu/ + /ulunasa/ = [sa.daˈgʷɔ ŋu.lɔˈna.sa]
**/satawu/ + /ŋaᵐpinasa/ = [sa.daˈgʷu ˈŋa.ᵐpi.na.zə]

==== Loanwords ====
Due to the nature of this syllable structure non-conforming loanwords are often heavily altered; although it should be noted that calques are extremely more common in favor of familiarity when possible.
Note the insertion of /u/ to break apart clusters and avoid final consonants in the following example.

*Helicopter: /ˈhɛlɪˌkɑptɚ/ > '''alikuputalu'' /ʔalikuputalu/, [ˈʔa.li.gu.bu.da.lu]

==== Stress ====
Lexical stress in Pangali falls on the final syllable of the root, and this remains true even if derivational suffixes apply.

= Numbers =
Filler text is text that shares some characteristics of a real written text, but is random or otherwise generated. It may be used to display a sample of fonts, generate text for testing, or to spoof an e-mail spam filter. The process of using filler text is sometimes called greeking, although the text itself may be nonsense, or largely Latin, as in Lorem ipsum.
= Nouns =
Filler text is text that shares some characteristics of a real written text, but is random or otherwise generated. It may be used to display a sample of fonts, generate text for testing, or to spoof an e-mail spam filter. The process of using filler text is sometimes called greeking, although the text itself may be nonsense, or largely Latin, as in Lorem ipsum.
= Verbs =
While other languages such as [http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanish_Language Spanish] follow a [http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tense-Aspect-Mood Tense-Aspect-Mood (TAM)] system, in which the three categories are largely conflated amongst conjugation paradigms, Pangali primarily expresses these categories in an agglutinative fashion. Where each category can cleanly be separated morpheme by morpheme.

The 6 categories that verbs in Pangali conjugate for are: Person, Tense, Aspect, Mood, and Evidentiality.

=== Person ===
Filler text is text that shares some characteristics of a real written text, but is random or otherwise generated. It may be used to display a sample of fonts, generate text for testing, or to spoof an e-mail spam filter. The process of using filler text is sometimes called greeking, although the text itself may be nonsense, or largely Latin, as in Lorem ipsum.
=== Tense ===
Filler text is text that shares some characteristics of a real written text, but is random or otherwise generated. It may be used to display a sample of fonts, generate text for testing, or to spoof an e-mail spam filter. The process of using filler text is sometimes called greeking, although the text itself may be nonsense, or largely Latin, as in Lorem ipsum.
==== Present Tense ====
Filler text is text that shares some characteristics of a real written text, but is random or otherwise generated. It may be used to display a sample of fonts, generate text for testing, or to spoof an e-mail spam filter. The process of using filler text is sometimes called greeking, although the text itself may be nonsense, or largely Latin, as in Lorem ipsum.

==== Past Tense ====
Filler text is text that shares some characteristics of a real written text, but is random or otherwise generated. It may be used to display a sample of fonts, generate text for testing, or to spoof an e-mail spam filter. The process of using filler text is sometimes called greeking, although the text itself may be nonsense, or largely Latin, as in Lorem ipsum.

=== Aspect ===
Filler text is text that shares some characteristics of a real written text, but is random or otherwise generated. It may be used to display a sample of fonts, generate text for testing, or to spoof an e-mail spam filter. The process of using filler text is sometimes called greeking, although the text itself may be nonsense, or largely Latin, as in Lorem ipsum.
==== Episodic ====

===== Gnomic =====
===== Habitual =====

==== Stative ====

===== Inchoative =====
===== Cessative =====
===== Progressive =====
===== Continuous =====
===== Discontinuous =====

==== Relative ====

===== Retrospective =====

===== Prospective =====

=== Mood ===

=== Evidentiality ===

= Derivational Morphology =
Filler text is text that shares some characteristics of a real written text, but is random or otherwise generated. It may be used to display a sample of fonts, generate text for testing, or to spoof an e-mail spam filter. The process of using filler text is sometimes called greeking, although the text itself may be nonsense, or largely Latin, as in Lorem ipsum.
= Syntax =

=== Parameter Order ===
Pangali, in line with its use of case marking, allows its speakers to vary their choice of word order. That being said, the default and most neutral order is OSV (Object-Subject-Verb):

[ⁿtɛ.mɔˈmi|wa.ᵐpuˈɟi|ka.ɹu.wi.ɹi.ɡaˈvi]

animal-ACC | father.ERG | CAUS-eat

''The father is feeding the animal''

[ŋa.k͡xu.ɡɔ.maˈmi|wa.ᵐpuˈɟi|i.ɹi.ɡaˈvi|hu|u.na.ŋaˈɡʷu|na.mu.wɛ.naˈvi]

1P.GEN-apple-ACC | father.ERG CAUS-eat | REL | INTRANS-I | fear

''I fear that my father is eating my apple.''

=== Topicalization ===
With the exception of the verb, which must be in the final position of a clause, phrases that are emphasized generally come first in a sentence.

'''Śikimi baúmaliku śuwiwaúśuwi''' (Neutral)

child-ACC bird.ERG DIM-bite

''The bird nipped the child''

-

'''Baúmaliku śikimi śuwiwaúśuwi''' (Emphasis on '''baúmaliku''')

bird.ERG child-ACC DIM-bite

''It was the bird that nipped the child''

Pangali

2019-09-10T23:24:46Z

Kóði: /* Phoneme Inventory */

[[Category:Languages]]
[[Category:Conlangs]]
[[Category:Artlangs]]
[[Category:A_priori]]
[[Category:Language_Isolate]]

{{Infobox language
|name = Pangali
|nativename = Ńipańalusuâ, Pańali
|pronunciation = [ŋi.ba.ŋa.lu.zʉˈʔa], [pa.ŋaˈli]
|creator = [[User:Kóði|Sámuel Hiette Kannosíni]] 
|created = August 8th, 2019
|setting =
|fam1 = [[Language Isolate]]
|script = [[w:Latin script|Latin script]] (Romanization, academic)
|brcl = blue
}}

'''Pangali''' (English: /pɑŋˈgɑli/, /peɪŋˈgɑli/, or /pɛnˈgɑli/) is <s>a poorly made attempt at channeling the creator's artistic nature</s> a constructed language developed by Sámuel Hiette Kannosíni for the purposes of his own <s>gasket-blowing frustration</s> enjoyment and glee.
= Introduction =
<big><center> '''[WARNING - ACHTUNG - AVERTISSEMENT]''' </center></big>
This article is '''very much''' a WIP, examples being inconsistency in formatting/style and references to features not yet fleshed out, as well as some small mentionings of a dialect called Luâi. I '''''realize''''' this is the case, however as someone who has ADHD (primarily inattentive type for the curious informed) and is ''extremely'' busy, my ability to consistently and coherently update this article is abysmal at best.

Thanks for understanding, people who obviously care as much as I do! /s

=== Fictional Setting ===
The Pangali language is the language used by the Pangalu, or the Pangali people, an indigenous people of the Pangali island chain, which is located roughly five hundred and thirty kilometers due west of the Phillipines.
Until 2003 they were considered an uncontacted people, but on March 17th, 2003 an exploratory party onboard a rudimentary sailing vessel voyaged from the northern island of Baluwikaûnu towards the Phillipines. Enroute to their destination, however, they were intercepted by the Philippine Coast Guard some two hundred kilometers northeast of the coast of Tandag City and, controversially, detained for a period of 5 months and 23 days.

Official justification for the length of the detainment was given by the Phillipine Department of Foreign Affairs (DFA) soon after the party’s release, stating:

<blockquote>“Due to the immense language and cultural barrier, as well as concern for the potential spread of disease to the isolated people, and questions regarding their motivation for travel made difficult by the aforementioned barriers, quarantine and detainment procedures were deemed not only the most efficient course of action, but also the safest, for all parties involved.”</blockquote>

The following months gave rise to an increase of international attention surrounding the Pangali people and the continuing communication efforts between them and the Philippine Government. It was later announced by the Philippine DFA that the isolated tribe “no longer wishes to be isolated”, and thus were subsequently placed underneath an international spotlight.

Naturally with the indigenous people now slowly but surely increasing contact with the modern world, records of their culture and language are a must in order to maintain a positive relationship, and thus the purpose of this wiki is, succinctly summarized, to address the linguistic side of such matters.

=== Classification ===
The language is classified as an agglutinative language isolate with a tripartite morphosyntatic alignment that declines nouns under a 12 case system and conjugates verbs for person, tense, aspect, and mood. Adjectives are not inflected and have zero-grade derivation for adverbial phrases.
The primary word order is OSV, however due to nouns being heavily inflected other word orders are possible, with SOV being the most prominently encountered alternate order. Whereas in many languages adpositions are used to indicate different relations between phrases, Pangali typically makes use of existing cases or a variation of Suffixaufnahme (also known as case stacking), wherein different cases are combined to carry the function of an adpositional function not normally covered by the standard twelve.

= Phonology =
In spite of its status as a language isolate, the phonological system of Pangali isn't terribly special in comparison to its neighbors in the Philippines or Australia. A simple syllable structure, few (phonemic) vowels, a fair amount of consonants, and stable vowel quality make this language both interesting and soundly (''ha, pun!'') mundane all at the same time.
=== Phoneme Inventory ===
Pangali's consonant inventory weighs in at a respectable 21 phonemic consonants. A unique feature that may be noted is the presence of phonemic prenasalized stops.

The vowels, on the other hand, number only three in terms of phonemic units. As with many languages with small vowel inventories, what vowels that Pangali does have are subject to significant allophonic variation.
{| class="wikitable" style="margin-left:auto; margin-right: auto; border: none; text-align:center"
|+Pangali Consonant Inventory
|-
! colspan=2 |
! Labial
! Alveolar
! Velar
! Glottal
|-
! colspan=2|Nasal
| m {{angbr|m}}
| n {{angbr|n}}
| ŋ {{angbr|ń}}
|
|-
! rowspan=2 | Plosive
! Plain
| p {{angbr|p}}
| t {{angbr|t}}
| k {{angbr|k}}
| ʔ {{angbr|ˆ}}
|-
! Prenasalized
| ᵐp {{angbr|b}}
| ⁿt {{angbr|d}}
| ᵑk {{angbr|g}}
|
|-
! colspan=2|Fricative
|
|
|
| h {{angbr |hr,hj}}
|-
! colspan=2|Approximant
|
|/ɹ/ {{angbr|r}}
|/w/ {{angbr|w}}
|
|-

{| class="wikitable" style="margin-left:auto; margin-right: auto; border: none; text-align:center"
|+Pangali Vowel Inventory
|-
! || Front || Back
|-
! Close
| /i/ {{angbr |i}}
| /u/ {{angbr |u}}
|-
! Open
|/a/ {{angbr |a}}
|
|-
|}

=== Romanization ===
The Pangalu currently have no official writing system but offers to be taught the romanization used in the recorded lexicon produced by academics have been met with enthusiasim.

=== Allophonic Variation ===
==== Plosives ====
Comprising 12 different allophonic variations, Pangali's plosives are the most unstable aspect of the language's phonological inventory.
===== Sonorization =====
Standard Pangali: Plain voiceless plosives become voiced in intervocalic positions.

{| class="wikitable" style="float:center; border: none; text-align:center"
|-
!Shift
!Example
|-
!p → b / V_V
|/ʔu'''p'''a/ → [ʔuˈ'''b'''a]
|-
!t → d / V_V
|/huwu'''t'''uwi/ → [hu.wu.'''d'''uˈɣʷi]1
|-
!k → g / V_V
|/ⁿta'''k'''u/ → [ⁿtaˈ'''g'''u]
|-
|}

===== Dissimilation =====

Word initially, /p t k/ spirantize to [f s x] when the following syllable shares the same onset. Under the same conditions intervocalically, /p t k/ instead affricate to [p͡f t͡s k͡x]:
{| class="wikitable" style="float:center; border: none; text-align:center"
|-
!Word Initial
!Example
!Intervocalic
!Example
|-
!p → f / _Vp
|/'''p'''apa/ → ['''f'''aˈba]
!p → p͡f / V_Vp
|/ᵐpi'''p'''apa/ → [ᵐpi.'''p͡f'''aˈba]
|-
!t → s / _Vt
|/'''t'''utiɹa/ → ['''s'''u.diˈða]
!t → t͡s / V_Vt
|/ᵐpi'''t'''utiɹa/ → [ᵐpi.'''t͡s'''u.diˈða]
|-
!k → x / _Vk
|/'''k'''uka/ → ['''x'''uˈga]
!k → k͡x / V_Vk
|/ᵐpi'''k'''uka/ → [ᵐpi.'''k͡x'''uˈga]
|-
|}

It is theorized that /p t k/ originally affricated in all positions but later spirantized word initially.

==== Approximants ====
==== Fortition ====
/ɹ j w/ fortify to [ð ʝ ɣʷ] when occurring in a stressed syllable:

{|class="wikitable" style="float:center; border: none; text-align:center"
! Shifts
! colspan=2 | Examples
|-
! rowspan=2 | ɹ → ð
|/pa'''ɹ'''a/ → [paˈ'''ð'''a]
|-
|/ki'''ɹ''i/ → [kiˈ'''ð'''i]
|-
! rowspan=2 | j → ʝ
|/iɹata'''j'''u/ → [i.ɹa.daˈ'''ʝ'''u]
|-
|/ni'''wj''a/ → [niˈ'''ʝ'''a]
|-
! rowspan=2 | w → ɣʷ
|/i'''w'''i/ → [iˈ'''ɣʷ'''i]
|-
|/ku'''w''a/ → [kuˈ'''ɣʷ'''a]
|-
|}

Notes:
The most common realization of /ɹ/ in stressed syllables is actually [ð̠], a voiced alveolar non-sibilant fricative, but for convenience is typically transcribed as simply [ð].
==== Vowels ====

==== Centralization ====
Vowels preceding /ʔ/ are centralized. /a/ is both centralized and raised:

{| class="wikitable" style="float:center; border: none; text-align:center"
|-
!Shift
!Example
|-
!/a/ → [ɐ]
|/h'''a'''ʔamu/ → [h'''ɐ'''.ʔaˈmu]2
|-
!/u/ → [ʉ]
|/han'''u'''ʔa/ → [ha.n'''ʉ'''ˈʔa]2
|-
!/i/ → [ɨ]
|/p'''i'''ʔa/ → [p'''ɨ'''ˈʔa]
|-
|}

==== Lowering ====
/i/ and /u/ are lowered to [ɛ] and [ɔ], respectively, when preceding nasals and prenasalized consonants:

{| class="wikitable" style="float:center; border: none; text-align:center"
|-
!Shift
!colspan=2 | Examples
|-
!/i/ → [ɛ]
|/h'''i'''ⁿtu/ → [h'''ɛ'''ˈⁿtu] || /tat'''i'''nu/ → [sa.d'''ɛ'''ˈnu]
|-
!/u/ → [ɔ]
|/ʔ'''u'''ŋa/ → [ʔ'''ɔ'''ˈŋa] || /k'''u'''maki/ → [k'''ɔ'''.maˈgi]
|-
|}

=== Phonotactics ===

==== Syllable Structure ====
Pangali has a (C)V structure, where a syllable can only contain one vowel, which may or may not be preceded by a consonant. Word initial syllables may occur with either a null onset or with any single consonant, while word internal syllables may only occur with single consonant onsets. Codas are forbidden in any context, with all syllables being open. This is true even for geminate consonants, thus they are analyzed as single consonants as opposed to a sequence of [VC.CV].
==== Epenthesis ====
In instances where a word ending in a null coda (i.e. all words) is followed by a word beginning with a null onset, an epenthetic /ŋ/ is inserted to replace the null onset. This process is treated as if there is no word boundary, and thus the presence of the epenthetic nasal lowers the preceding vowel if it is high, while in other instances word boundaries would prevent this.
*/satawu/ + /ulunasa/ = [sa.daˈgʷɔ ŋu.lɔˈna.sa]
**/satawu/ + /ŋaᵐpinasa/ = [sa.daˈgʷu ˈŋa.ᵐpi.na.zə]

==== Loanwords ====
Due to the nature of this syllable structure non-conforming loanwords are often heavily altered; although it should be noted that calques are extremely more common in favor of familiarity when possible.
Note the insertion of /u/ to break apart clusters and avoid final consonants in the following example.

*Helicopter: /ˈhɛlɪˌkɑptɚ/ > '''alikuputalu'' /ʔalikuputalu/, [ˈʔa.li.gu.bu.da.lu]

==== Stress ====
Lexical stress in Pangali falls on the final syllable of the root, and this remains true even if derivational suffixes apply.

= Numbers =
Filler text is text that shares some characteristics of a real written text, but is random or otherwise generated. It may be used to display a sample of fonts, generate text for testing, or to spoof an e-mail spam filter. The process of using filler text is sometimes called greeking, although the text itself may be nonsense, or largely Latin, as in Lorem ipsum.
= Nouns =
Filler text is text that shares some characteristics of a real written text, but is random or otherwise generated. It may be used to display a sample of fonts, generate text for testing, or to spoof an e-mail spam filter. The process of using filler text is sometimes called greeking, although the text itself may be nonsense, or largely Latin, as in Lorem ipsum.
= Verbs =
While other languages such as [http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanish_Language Spanish] follow a [http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tense-Aspect-Mood Tense-Aspect-Mood (TAM)] system, in which the three categories are largely conflated amongst conjugation paradigms, Pangali primarily expresses these categories in an agglutinative fashion. Where each category can cleanly be separated morpheme by morpheme.

The 6 categories that verbs in Pangali conjugate for are: Person, Tense, Aspect, Mood, and Evidentiality.

=== Person ===
Filler text is text that shares some characteristics of a real written text, but is random or otherwise generated. It may be used to display a sample of fonts, generate text for testing, or to spoof an e-mail spam filter. The process of using filler text is sometimes called greeking, although the text itself may be nonsense, or largely Latin, as in Lorem ipsum.
=== Tense ===
Filler text is text that shares some characteristics of a real written text, but is random or otherwise generated. It may be used to display a sample of fonts, generate text for testing, or to spoof an e-mail spam filter. The process of using filler text is sometimes called greeking, although the text itself may be nonsense, or largely Latin, as in Lorem ipsum.
==== Present Tense ====
Filler text is text that shares some characteristics of a real written text, but is random or otherwise generated. It may be used to display a sample of fonts, generate text for testing, or to spoof an e-mail spam filter. The process of using filler text is sometimes called greeking, although the text itself may be nonsense, or largely Latin, as in Lorem ipsum.

==== Past Tense ====
Filler text is text that shares some characteristics of a real written text, but is random or otherwise generated. It may be used to display a sample of fonts, generate text for testing, or to spoof an e-mail spam filter. The process of using filler text is sometimes called greeking, although the text itself may be nonsense, or largely Latin, as in Lorem ipsum.

=== Aspect ===
Filler text is text that shares some characteristics of a real written text, but is random or otherwise generated. It may be used to display a sample of fonts, generate text for testing, or to spoof an e-mail spam filter. The process of using filler text is sometimes called greeking, although the text itself may be nonsense, or largely Latin, as in Lorem ipsum.
==== Episodic ====

===== Gnomic =====
===== Habitual =====

==== Stative ====

===== Inchoative =====
===== Cessative =====
===== Progressive =====
===== Continuous =====
===== Discontinuous =====

==== Relative ====

===== Retrospective =====

===== Prospective =====

=== Mood ===

=== Evidentiality ===

= Derivational Morphology =
Filler text is text that shares some characteristics of a real written text, but is random or otherwise generated. It may be used to display a sample of fonts, generate text for testing, or to spoof an e-mail spam filter. The process of using filler text is sometimes called greeking, although the text itself may be nonsense, or largely Latin, as in Lorem ipsum.
= Syntax =

=== Parameter Order ===
Pangali, in line with its use of case marking, allows its speakers to vary their choice of word order. That being said, the default and most neutral order is OSV (Object-Subject-Verb):

[ⁿtɛ.mɔˈmi|wa.ᵐpuˈɟi|ka.ɹu.wi.ɹi.ɡaˈvi]

animal-ACC | father.ERG | CAUS-eat

''The father is feeding the animal''

[ŋa.k͡xu.ɡɔ.maˈmi|wa.ᵐpuˈɟi|i.ɹi.ɡaˈvi|hu|u.na.ŋaˈɡʷu|na.mu.wɛ.naˈvi]

1P.GEN-apple-ACC | father.ERG CAUS-eat | REL | INTRANS-I | fear

''I fear that my father is eating my apple.''

=== Topicalization ===
With the exception of the verb, which must be in the final position of a clause, phrases that are emphasized generally come first in a sentence.

'''Śikimi baúmaliku śuwiwaúśuwi''' (Neutral)

child-ACC bird.ERG DIM-bite

''The bird nipped the child''

-

'''Baúmaliku śikimi śuwiwaúśuwi''' (Emphasis on '''baúmaliku''')

bird.ERG child-ACC DIM-bite

''It was the bird that nipped the child''

Pangali

2019-09-10T23:24:08Z

Kóði: /* Dissimilation */

[[Category:Languages]]
[[Category:Conlangs]]
[[Category:Artlangs]]
[[Category:A_priori]]
[[Category:Language_Isolate]]

{{Infobox language
|name = Pangali
|nativename = Ńipańalusuâ, Pańali
|pronunciation = [ŋi.ba.ŋa.lu.zʉˈʔa], [pa.ŋaˈli]
|creator = [[User:Kóði|Sámuel Hiette Kannosíni]] 
|created = August 8th, 2019
|setting =
|fam1 = [[Language Isolate]]
|script = [[w:Latin script|Latin script]] (Romanization, academic)
|brcl = blue
}}

'''Pangali''' (English: /pɑŋˈgɑli/, /peɪŋˈgɑli/, or /pɛnˈgɑli/) is <s>a poorly made attempt at channeling the creator's artistic nature</s> a constructed language developed by Sámuel Hiette Kannosíni for the purposes of his own <s>gasket-blowing frustration</s> enjoyment and glee.
= Introduction =
<big><center> '''[WARNING - ACHTUNG - AVERTISSEMENT]''' </center></big>
This article is '''very much''' a WIP, examples being inconsistency in formatting/style and references to features not yet fleshed out, as well as some small mentionings of a dialect called Luâi. I '''''realize''''' this is the case, however as someone who has ADHD (primarily inattentive type for the curious informed) and is ''extremely'' busy, my ability to consistently and coherently update this article is abysmal at best.

Thanks for understanding, people who obviously care as much as I do! /s

=== Fictional Setting ===
The Pangali language is the language used by the Pangalu, or the Pangali people, an indigenous people of the Pangali island chain, which is located roughly five hundred and thirty kilometers due west of the Phillipines.
Until 2003 they were considered an uncontacted people, but on March 17th, 2003 an exploratory party onboard a rudimentary sailing vessel voyaged from the northern island of Baluwikaûnu towards the Phillipines. Enroute to their destination, however, they were intercepted by the Philippine Coast Guard some two hundred kilometers northeast of the coast of Tandag City and, controversially, detained for a period of 5 months and 23 days.

Official justification for the length of the detainment was given by the Phillipine Department of Foreign Affairs (DFA) soon after the party’s release, stating:

<blockquote>“Due to the immense language and cultural barrier, as well as concern for the potential spread of disease to the isolated people, and questions regarding their motivation for travel made difficult by the aforementioned barriers, quarantine and detainment procedures were deemed not only the most efficient course of action, but also the safest, for all parties involved.”</blockquote>

The following months gave rise to an increase of international attention surrounding the Pangali people and the continuing communication efforts between them and the Philippine Government. It was later announced by the Philippine DFA that the isolated tribe “no longer wishes to be isolated”, and thus were subsequently placed underneath an international spotlight.

Naturally with the indigenous people now slowly but surely increasing contact with the modern world, records of their culture and language are a must in order to maintain a positive relationship, and thus the purpose of this wiki is, succinctly summarized, to address the linguistic side of such matters.

=== Classification ===
The language is classified as an agglutinative language isolate with a tripartite morphosyntatic alignment that declines nouns under a 12 case system and conjugates verbs for person, tense, aspect, and mood. Adjectives are not inflected and have zero-grade derivation for adverbial phrases.
The primary word order is OSV, however due to nouns being heavily inflected other word orders are possible, with SOV being the most prominently encountered alternate order. Whereas in many languages adpositions are used to indicate different relations between phrases, Pangali typically makes use of existing cases or a variation of Suffixaufnahme (also known as case stacking), wherein different cases are combined to carry the function of an adpositional function not normally covered by the standard twelve.

= Phonology =
In spite of its status as a language isolate, the phonological system of Pangali isn't terribly special in comparison to its neighbors in the Philippines or Australia. A simple syllable structure, few (phonemic) vowels, a fair amount of consonants, and stable vowel quality make this language both interesting and soundly (''ha, pun!'') mundane all at the same time.
=== Phoneme Inventory ===
Pangali's consonant inventory weighs in at a respectable 21 phonemic consonants. A unique feature that may be noted is the presence of phonemic prenasalized stops.

The vowels, on the other hand, number only three in terms of phonemic units. As with many languages with small vowel inventories, what vowels that Pangali does have are subject to significant allophonic variation.
{| class="wikitable" style="margin-left:auto; margin-right: auto; border: none; text-align:center"
|+Pangali Consonant Inventory
|-
! colspan=2 |
! Labial
! Alveolar
! Velar
! Glottal
|-
! colspan=2|Nasal
| m {{angbr|m}}
| n {{angbr|n}}
| ŋ {{angbr|ń}}
|
|-
! rowspan=2 | Plosive
! Plain
| p {{angbr|p}}
| t {{angbr|t}}
| k {{angbr|k}}
| ʔ {{angbr|ˆ}}
|-
! Prenasalized
| ᵐp {{angbr|b}}
| ⁿt {{angbr|d}}
| ᵑk {{angbr|g}}
|
|-
! colspan=2|Fricative
|
|
|
| h {{angbr |h}}
|-
! colspan=2|Approximant
|
|/ɹ/ {{angbr|r}}
|/w/ {{angbr|w}}
|
|-

{| class="wikitable" style="margin-left:auto; margin-right: auto; border: none; text-align:center"
|+Pangali Vowel Inventory
|-
! || Front || Back
|-
! Close
| /i/ {{angbr |i}}
| /u/ {{angbr |u}}
|-
! Open
|/a/ {{angbr |a}}
|
|-
|}

=== Romanization ===
The Pangalu currently have no official writing system but offers to be taught the romanization used in the recorded lexicon produced by academics have been met with enthusiasim.

=== Allophonic Variation ===
==== Plosives ====
Comprising 12 different allophonic variations, Pangali's plosives are the most unstable aspect of the language's phonological inventory.
===== Sonorization =====
Standard Pangali: Plain voiceless plosives become voiced in intervocalic positions.

{| class="wikitable" style="float:center; border: none; text-align:center"
|-
!Shift
!Example
|-
!p → b / V_V
|/ʔu'''p'''a/ → [ʔuˈ'''b'''a]
|-
!t → d / V_V
|/huwu'''t'''uwi/ → [hu.wu.'''d'''uˈɣʷi]1
|-
!k → g / V_V
|/ⁿta'''k'''u/ → [ⁿtaˈ'''g'''u]
|-
|}

===== Dissimilation =====

Word initially, /p t k/ spirantize to [f s x] when the following syllable shares the same onset. Under the same conditions intervocalically, /p t k/ instead affricate to [p͡f t͡s k͡x]:
{| class="wikitable" style="float:center; border: none; text-align:center"
|-
!Word Initial
!Example
!Intervocalic
!Example
|-
!p → f / _Vp
|/'''p'''apa/ → ['''f'''aˈba]
!p → p͡f / V_Vp
|/ᵐpi'''p'''apa/ → [ᵐpi.'''p͡f'''aˈba]
|-
!t → s / _Vt
|/'''t'''utiɹa/ → ['''s'''u.diˈða]
!t → t͡s / V_Vt
|/ᵐpi'''t'''utiɹa/ → [ᵐpi.'''t͡s'''u.diˈða]
|-
!k → x / _Vk
|/'''k'''uka/ → ['''x'''uˈga]
!k → k͡x / V_Vk
|/ᵐpi'''k'''uka/ → [ᵐpi.'''k͡x'''uˈga]
|-
|}

It is theorized that /p t k/ originally affricated in all positions but later spirantized word initially.

==== Approximants ====
==== Fortition ====
/ɹ j w/ fortify to [ð ʝ ɣʷ] when occurring in a stressed syllable:

{|class="wikitable" style="float:center; border: none; text-align:center"
! Shifts
! colspan=2 | Examples
|-
! rowspan=2 | ɹ → ð
|/pa'''ɹ'''a/ → [paˈ'''ð'''a]
|-
|/ki'''ɹ''i/ → [kiˈ'''ð'''i]
|-
! rowspan=2 | j → ʝ
|/iɹata'''j'''u/ → [i.ɹa.daˈ'''ʝ'''u]
|-
|/ni'''wj''a/ → [niˈ'''ʝ'''a]
|-
! rowspan=2 | w → ɣʷ
|/i'''w'''i/ → [iˈ'''ɣʷ'''i]
|-
|/ku'''w''a/ → [kuˈ'''ɣʷ'''a]
|-
|}

Notes:
The most common realization of /ɹ/ in stressed syllables is actually [ð̠], a voiced alveolar non-sibilant fricative, but for convenience is typically transcribed as simply [ð].
==== Vowels ====

==== Centralization ====
Vowels preceding /ʔ/ are centralized. /a/ is both centralized and raised:

{| class="wikitable" style="float:center; border: none; text-align:center"
|-
!Shift
!Example
|-
!/a/ → [ɐ]
|/h'''a'''ʔamu/ → [h'''ɐ'''.ʔaˈmu]2
|-
!/u/ → [ʉ]
|/han'''u'''ʔa/ → [ha.n'''ʉ'''ˈʔa]2
|-
!/i/ → [ɨ]
|/p'''i'''ʔa/ → [p'''ɨ'''ˈʔa]
|-
|}

==== Lowering ====
/i/ and /u/ are lowered to [ɛ] and [ɔ], respectively, when preceding nasals and prenasalized consonants:

{| class="wikitable" style="float:center; border: none; text-align:center"
|-
!Shift
!colspan=2 | Examples
|-
!/i/ → [ɛ]
|/h'''i'''ⁿtu/ → [h'''ɛ'''ˈⁿtu] || /tat'''i'''nu/ → [sa.d'''ɛ'''ˈnu]
|-
!/u/ → [ɔ]
|/ʔ'''u'''ŋa/ → [ʔ'''ɔ'''ˈŋa] || /k'''u'''maki/ → [k'''ɔ'''.maˈgi]
|-
|}

=== Phonotactics ===

==== Syllable Structure ====
Pangali has a (C)V structure, where a syllable can only contain one vowel, which may or may not be preceded by a consonant. Word initial syllables may occur with either a null onset or with any single consonant, while word internal syllables may only occur with single consonant onsets. Codas are forbidden in any context, with all syllables being open. This is true even for geminate consonants, thus they are analyzed as single consonants as opposed to a sequence of [VC.CV].
==== Epenthesis ====
In instances where a word ending in a null coda (i.e. all words) is followed by a word beginning with a null onset, an epenthetic /ŋ/ is inserted to replace the null onset. This process is treated as if there is no word boundary, and thus the presence of the epenthetic nasal lowers the preceding vowel if it is high, while in other instances word boundaries would prevent this.
*/satawu/ + /ulunasa/ = [sa.daˈgʷɔ ŋu.lɔˈna.sa]
**/satawu/ + /ŋaᵐpinasa/ = [sa.daˈgʷu ˈŋa.ᵐpi.na.zə]

==== Loanwords ====
Due to the nature of this syllable structure non-conforming loanwords are often heavily altered; although it should be noted that calques are extremely more common in favor of familiarity when possible.
Note the insertion of /u/ to break apart clusters and avoid final consonants in the following example.

*Helicopter: /ˈhɛlɪˌkɑptɚ/ > '''alikuputalu'' /ʔalikuputalu/, [ˈʔa.li.gu.bu.da.lu]

==== Stress ====
Lexical stress in Pangali falls on the final syllable of the root, and this remains true even if derivational suffixes apply.

= Numbers =
Filler text is text that shares some characteristics of a real written text, but is random or otherwise generated. It may be used to display a sample of fonts, generate text for testing, or to spoof an e-mail spam filter. The process of using filler text is sometimes called greeking, although the text itself may be nonsense, or largely Latin, as in Lorem ipsum.
= Nouns =
Filler text is text that shares some characteristics of a real written text, but is random or otherwise generated. It may be used to display a sample of fonts, generate text for testing, or to spoof an e-mail spam filter. The process of using filler text is sometimes called greeking, although the text itself may be nonsense, or largely Latin, as in Lorem ipsum.
= Verbs =
While other languages such as [http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanish_Language Spanish] follow a [http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tense-Aspect-Mood Tense-Aspect-Mood (TAM)] system, in which the three categories are largely conflated amongst conjugation paradigms, Pangali primarily expresses these categories in an agglutinative fashion. Where each category can cleanly be separated morpheme by morpheme.

The 6 categories that verbs in Pangali conjugate for are: Person, Tense, Aspect, Mood, and Evidentiality.

=== Person ===
Filler text is text that shares some characteristics of a real written text, but is random or otherwise generated. It may be used to display a sample of fonts, generate text for testing, or to spoof an e-mail spam filter. The process of using filler text is sometimes called greeking, although the text itself may be nonsense, or largely Latin, as in Lorem ipsum.
=== Tense ===
Filler text is text that shares some characteristics of a real written text, but is random or otherwise generated. It may be used to display a sample of fonts, generate text for testing, or to spoof an e-mail spam filter. The process of using filler text is sometimes called greeking, although the text itself may be nonsense, or largely Latin, as in Lorem ipsum.
==== Present Tense ====
Filler text is text that shares some characteristics of a real written text, but is random or otherwise generated. It may be used to display a sample of fonts, generate text for testing, or to spoof an e-mail spam filter. The process of using filler text is sometimes called greeking, although the text itself may be nonsense, or largely Latin, as in Lorem ipsum.

==== Past Tense ====
Filler text is text that shares some characteristics of a real written text, but is random or otherwise generated. It may be used to display a sample of fonts, generate text for testing, or to spoof an e-mail spam filter. The process of using filler text is sometimes called greeking, although the text itself may be nonsense, or largely Latin, as in Lorem ipsum.

=== Aspect ===
Filler text is text that shares some characteristics of a real written text, but is random or otherwise generated. It may be used to display a sample of fonts, generate text for testing, or to spoof an e-mail spam filter. The process of using filler text is sometimes called greeking, although the text itself may be nonsense, or largely Latin, as in Lorem ipsum.
==== Episodic ====

===== Gnomic =====
===== Habitual =====

==== Stative ====

===== Inchoative =====
===== Cessative =====
===== Progressive =====
===== Continuous =====
===== Discontinuous =====

==== Relative ====

===== Retrospective =====

===== Prospective =====

=== Mood ===

=== Evidentiality ===

= Derivational Morphology =
Filler text is text that shares some characteristics of a real written text, but is random or otherwise generated. It may be used to display a sample of fonts, generate text for testing, or to spoof an e-mail spam filter. The process of using filler text is sometimes called greeking, although the text itself may be nonsense, or largely Latin, as in Lorem ipsum.
= Syntax =

=== Parameter Order ===
Pangali, in line with its use of case marking, allows its speakers to vary their choice of word order. That being said, the default and most neutral order is OSV (Object-Subject-Verb):

[ⁿtɛ.mɔˈmi|wa.ᵐpuˈɟi|ka.ɹu.wi.ɹi.ɡaˈvi]

animal-ACC | father.ERG | CAUS-eat

''The father is feeding the animal''

[ŋa.k͡xu.ɡɔ.maˈmi|wa.ᵐpuˈɟi|i.ɹi.ɡaˈvi|hu|u.na.ŋaˈɡʷu|na.mu.wɛ.naˈvi]

1P.GEN-apple-ACC | father.ERG CAUS-eat | REL | INTRANS-I | fear

''I fear that my father is eating my apple.''

=== Topicalization ===
With the exception of the verb, which must be in the final position of a clause, phrases that are emphasized generally come first in a sentence.

'''Śikimi baúmaliku śuwiwaúśuwi''' (Neutral)

child-ACC bird.ERG DIM-bite

''The bird nipped the child''

-

'''Baúmaliku śikimi śuwiwaúśuwi''' (Emphasis on '''baúmaliku''')

bird.ERG child-ACC DIM-bite

''It was the bird that nipped the child''

Pangali

2019-09-10T23:20:32Z

Kóði: /* Dissimilation */

[[Category:Languages]]
[[Category:Conlangs]]
[[Category:Artlangs]]
[[Category:A_priori]]
[[Category:Language_Isolate]]

{{Infobox language
|name = Pangali
|nativename = Ńipańalusuâ, Pańali
|pronunciation = [ŋi.ba.ŋa.lu.zʉˈʔa], [pa.ŋaˈli]
|creator = [[User:Kóði|Sámuel Hiette Kannosíni]] 
|created = August 8th, 2019
|setting =
|fam1 = [[Language Isolate]]
|script = [[w:Latin script|Latin script]] (Romanization, academic)
|brcl = blue
}}

'''Pangali''' (English: /pɑŋˈgɑli/, /peɪŋˈgɑli/, or /pɛnˈgɑli/) is <s>a poorly made attempt at channeling the creator's artistic nature</s> a constructed language developed by Sámuel Hiette Kannosíni for the purposes of his own <s>gasket-blowing frustration</s> enjoyment and glee.
= Introduction =
<big><center> '''[WARNING - ACHTUNG - AVERTISSEMENT]''' </center></big>
This article is '''very much''' a WIP, examples being inconsistency in formatting/style and references to features not yet fleshed out, as well as some small mentionings of a dialect called Luâi. I '''''realize''''' this is the case, however as someone who has ADHD (primarily inattentive type for the curious informed) and is ''extremely'' busy, my ability to consistently and coherently update this article is abysmal at best.

Thanks for understanding, people who obviously care as much as I do! /s

=== Fictional Setting ===
The Pangali language is the language used by the Pangalu, or the Pangali people, an indigenous people of the Pangali island chain, which is located roughly five hundred and thirty kilometers due west of the Phillipines.
Until 2003 they were considered an uncontacted people, but on March 17th, 2003 an exploratory party onboard a rudimentary sailing vessel voyaged from the northern island of Baluwikaûnu towards the Phillipines. Enroute to their destination, however, they were intercepted by the Philippine Coast Guard some two hundred kilometers northeast of the coast of Tandag City and, controversially, detained for a period of 5 months and 23 days.

Official justification for the length of the detainment was given by the Phillipine Department of Foreign Affairs (DFA) soon after the party’s release, stating:

<blockquote>“Due to the immense language and cultural barrier, as well as concern for the potential spread of disease to the isolated people, and questions regarding their motivation for travel made difficult by the aforementioned barriers, quarantine and detainment procedures were deemed not only the most efficient course of action, but also the safest, for all parties involved.”</blockquote>

The following months gave rise to an increase of international attention surrounding the Pangali people and the continuing communication efforts between them and the Philippine Government. It was later announced by the Philippine DFA that the isolated tribe “no longer wishes to be isolated”, and thus were subsequently placed underneath an international spotlight.

Naturally with the indigenous people now slowly but surely increasing contact with the modern world, records of their culture and language are a must in order to maintain a positive relationship, and thus the purpose of this wiki is, succinctly summarized, to address the linguistic side of such matters.

=== Classification ===
The language is classified as an agglutinative language isolate with a tripartite morphosyntatic alignment that declines nouns under a 12 case system and conjugates verbs for person, tense, aspect, and mood. Adjectives are not inflected and have zero-grade derivation for adverbial phrases.
The primary word order is OSV, however due to nouns being heavily inflected other word orders are possible, with SOV being the most prominently encountered alternate order. Whereas in many languages adpositions are used to indicate different relations between phrases, Pangali typically makes use of existing cases or a variation of Suffixaufnahme (also known as case stacking), wherein different cases are combined to carry the function of an adpositional function not normally covered by the standard twelve.

= Phonology =
In spite of its status as a language isolate, the phonological system of Pangali isn't terribly special in comparison to its neighbors in the Philippines or Australia. A simple syllable structure, few (phonemic) vowels, a fair amount of consonants, and stable vowel quality make this language both interesting and soundly (''ha, pun!'') mundane all at the same time.
=== Phoneme Inventory ===
Pangali's consonant inventory weighs in at a respectable 21 phonemic consonants. A unique feature that may be noted is the presence of phonemic prenasalized stops.

The vowels, on the other hand, number only three in terms of phonemic units. As with many languages with small vowel inventories, what vowels that Pangali does have are subject to significant allophonic variation.
{| class="wikitable" style="margin-left:auto; margin-right: auto; border: none; text-align:center"
|+Pangali Consonant Inventory
|-
! colspan=2 |
! Labial
! Alveolar
! Velar
! Glottal
|-
! colspan=2|Nasal
| m {{angbr|m}}
| n {{angbr|n}}
| ŋ {{angbr|ń}}
|
|-
! rowspan=2 | Plosive
! Plain
| p {{angbr|p}}
| t {{angbr|t}}
| k {{angbr|k}}
| ʔ {{angbr|ˆ}}
|-
! Prenasalized
| ᵐp {{angbr|b}}
| ⁿt {{angbr|d}}
| ᵑk {{angbr|g}}
|
|-
! colspan=2|Fricative
|
|
|
| h {{angbr |h}}
|-
! colspan=2|Approximant
|
|/ɹ/ {{angbr|r}}
|/w/ {{angbr|w}}
|
|-

{| class="wikitable" style="margin-left:auto; margin-right: auto; border: none; text-align:center"
|+Pangali Vowel Inventory
|-
! || Front || Back
|-
! Close
| /i/ {{angbr |i}}
| /u/ {{angbr |u}}
|-
! Open
|/a/ {{angbr |a}}
|
|-
|}

=== Romanization ===
The Pangalu currently have no official writing system but offers to be taught the romanization used in the recorded lexicon produced by academics have been met with enthusiasim.

=== Allophonic Variation ===
==== Plosives ====
Comprising 12 different allophonic variations, Pangali's plosives are the most unstable aspect of the language's phonological inventory.
===== Sonorization =====
Standard Pangali: Plain voiceless plosives become voiced in intervocalic positions.

{| class="wikitable" style="float:center; border: none; text-align:center"
|-
!Shift
!Example
|-
!p → b / V_V
|/ʔu'''p'''a/ → [ʔuˈ'''b'''a]
|-
!t → d / V_V
|/huwu'''t'''uwi/ → [hu.wu.'''d'''uˈɣʷi]1
|-
!k → g / V_V
|/ⁿta'''k'''u/ → [ⁿtaˈ'''g'''u]
|-
|}

===== Dissimilation =====

Word initially, /p t k/ spirantize to [f s x] when the following syllable shares the same onset. Under the same conditions intervocalically, /p t k/ instead affricate to [p͡f t͡s k͡x]:
{| class="wikitable" style="float:center; border: none; text-align:center"
|-
!Word Initial
!Example
!Intervocalic
!Example
|-
!p → f / _Vp
|/'''p'''apa/ → ['''f'''aˈba]
!p → p͡f / V_Vp
|/ᵐpi'''p'''apa/ → [ᵐpi.'''p͡f'''aˈba]
|-
!t → s / _Vt
|/'''t'''utiɹa/ → ['''s'''u.diˈða]
!t → t͡s / V_Vt
|/ᵐpi'''t'''utiɹa/ → [ᵐpi.'''t͡s'''u.diˈða]
! k → x / _Vk
|/'''k'''uka/ → ['''x'''uˈga]
!k → k͡x / V_Vk
|/ᵐpi'''k'''uka/ → [ᵐpi.'''k͡x'''uˈga]
|-
|}

It is theorized that /p t k/ originally affricated in all positions but later spirantized word initially.

==== Approximants ====
==== Fortition ====
/ɹ j w/ fortify to [ð ʝ ɣʷ] when occurring in a stressed syllable:

{|class="wikitable" style="float:center; border: none; text-align:center"
! Shifts
! colspan=2 | Examples
|-
! rowspan=2 | ɹ → ð
|/pa'''ɹ'''a/ → [paˈ'''ð'''a]
|-
|/ki'''ɹ''i/ → [kiˈ'''ð'''i]
|-
! rowspan=2 | j → ʝ
|/iɹata'''j'''u/ → [i.ɹa.daˈ'''ʝ'''u]
|-
|/ni'''wj''a/ → [niˈ'''ʝ'''a]
|-
! rowspan=2 | w → ɣʷ
|/i'''w'''i/ → [iˈ'''ɣʷ'''i]
|-
|/ku'''w''a/ → [kuˈ'''ɣʷ'''a]
|-
|}

Notes:
The most common realization of /ɹ/ in stressed syllables is actually [ð̠], a voiced alveolar non-sibilant fricative, but for convenience is typically transcribed as simply [ð].
==== Vowels ====

==== Centralization ====
Vowels preceding /ʔ/ are centralized. /a/ is both centralized and raised:

{| class="wikitable" style="float:center; border: none; text-align:center"
|-
!Shift
!Example
|-
!/a/ → [ɐ]
|/h'''a'''ʔamu/ → [h'''ɐ'''.ʔaˈmu]2
|-
!/u/ → [ʉ]
|/han'''u'''ʔa/ → [ha.n'''ʉ'''ˈʔa]2
|-
!/i/ → [ɨ]
|/p'''i'''ʔa/ → [p'''ɨ'''ˈʔa]
|-
|}

==== Lowering ====
/i/ and /u/ are lowered to [ɛ] and [ɔ], respectively, when preceding nasals and prenasalized consonants:

{| class="wikitable" style="float:center; border: none; text-align:center"
|-
!Shift
!colspan=2 | Examples
|-
!/i/ → [ɛ]
|/h'''i'''ⁿtu/ → [h'''ɛ'''ˈⁿtu] || /tat'''i'''nu/ → [sa.d'''ɛ'''ˈnu]
|-
!/u/ → [ɔ]
|/ʔ'''u'''ŋa/ → [ʔ'''ɔ'''ˈŋa] || /k'''u'''maki/ → [k'''ɔ'''.maˈgi]
|-
|}

=== Phonotactics ===

==== Syllable Structure ====
Pangali has a (C)V structure, where a syllable can only contain one vowel, which may or may not be preceded by a consonant. Word initial syllables may occur with either a null onset or with any single consonant, while word internal syllables may only occur with single consonant onsets. Codas are forbidden in any context, with all syllables being open. This is true even for geminate consonants, thus they are analyzed as single consonants as opposed to a sequence of [VC.CV].
==== Epenthesis ====
In instances where a word ending in a null coda (i.e. all words) is followed by a word beginning with a null onset, an epenthetic /ŋ/ is inserted to replace the null onset. This process is treated as if there is no word boundary, and thus the presence of the epenthetic nasal lowers the preceding vowel if it is high, while in other instances word boundaries would prevent this.
*/satawu/ + /ulunasa/ = [sa.daˈgʷɔ ŋu.lɔˈna.sa]
**/satawu/ + /ŋaᵐpinasa/ = [sa.daˈgʷu ˈŋa.ᵐpi.na.zə]

==== Loanwords ====
Due to the nature of this syllable structure non-conforming loanwords are often heavily altered; although it should be noted that calques are extremely more common in favor of familiarity when possible.
Note the insertion of /u/ to break apart clusters and avoid final consonants in the following example.

*Helicopter: /ˈhɛlɪˌkɑptɚ/ > '''alikuputalu'' /ʔalikuputalu/, [ˈʔa.li.gu.bu.da.lu]

==== Stress ====
Lexical stress in Pangali falls on the final syllable of the root, and this remains true even if derivational suffixes apply.

= Numbers =
Filler text is text that shares some characteristics of a real written text, but is random or otherwise generated. It may be used to display a sample of fonts, generate text for testing, or to spoof an e-mail spam filter. The process of using filler text is sometimes called greeking, although the text itself may be nonsense, or largely Latin, as in Lorem ipsum.
= Nouns =
Filler text is text that shares some characteristics of a real written text, but is random or otherwise generated. It may be used to display a sample of fonts, generate text for testing, or to spoof an e-mail spam filter. The process of using filler text is sometimes called greeking, although the text itself may be nonsense, or largely Latin, as in Lorem ipsum.
= Verbs =
While other languages such as [http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanish_Language Spanish] follow a [http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tense-Aspect-Mood Tense-Aspect-Mood (TAM)] system, in which the three categories are largely conflated amongst conjugation paradigms, Pangali primarily expresses these categories in an agglutinative fashion. Where each category can cleanly be separated morpheme by morpheme.

The 6 categories that verbs in Pangali conjugate for are: Person, Tense, Aspect, Mood, and Evidentiality.

=== Person ===
Filler text is text that shares some characteristics of a real written text, but is random or otherwise generated. It may be used to display a sample of fonts, generate text for testing, or to spoof an e-mail spam filter. The process of using filler text is sometimes called greeking, although the text itself may be nonsense, or largely Latin, as in Lorem ipsum.
=== Tense ===
Filler text is text that shares some characteristics of a real written text, but is random or otherwise generated. It may be used to display a sample of fonts, generate text for testing, or to spoof an e-mail spam filter. The process of using filler text is sometimes called greeking, although the text itself may be nonsense, or largely Latin, as in Lorem ipsum.
==== Present Tense ====
Filler text is text that shares some characteristics of a real written text, but is random or otherwise generated. It may be used to display a sample of fonts, generate text for testing, or to spoof an e-mail spam filter. The process of using filler text is sometimes called greeking, although the text itself may be nonsense, or largely Latin, as in Lorem ipsum.

==== Past Tense ====
Filler text is text that shares some characteristics of a real written text, but is random or otherwise generated. It may be used to display a sample of fonts, generate text for testing, or to spoof an e-mail spam filter. The process of using filler text is sometimes called greeking, although the text itself may be nonsense, or largely Latin, as in Lorem ipsum.

=== Aspect ===
Filler text is text that shares some characteristics of a real written text, but is random or otherwise generated. It may be used to display a sample of fonts, generate text for testing, or to spoof an e-mail spam filter. The process of using filler text is sometimes called greeking, although the text itself may be nonsense, or largely Latin, as in Lorem ipsum.
==== Episodic ====

===== Gnomic =====
===== Habitual =====

==== Stative ====

===== Inchoative =====
===== Cessative =====
===== Progressive =====
===== Continuous =====
===== Discontinuous =====

==== Relative ====

===== Retrospective =====

===== Prospective =====

=== Mood ===

=== Evidentiality ===

= Derivational Morphology =
Filler text is text that shares some characteristics of a real written text, but is random or otherwise generated. It may be used to display a sample of fonts, generate text for testing, or to spoof an e-mail spam filter. The process of using filler text is sometimes called greeking, although the text itself may be nonsense, or largely Latin, as in Lorem ipsum.
= Syntax =

=== Parameter Order ===
Pangali, in line with its use of case marking, allows its speakers to vary their choice of word order. That being said, the default and most neutral order is OSV (Object-Subject-Verb):

[ⁿtɛ.mɔˈmi|wa.ᵐpuˈɟi|ka.ɹu.wi.ɹi.ɡaˈvi]

animal-ACC | father.ERG | CAUS-eat

''The father is feeding the animal''

[ŋa.k͡xu.ɡɔ.maˈmi|wa.ᵐpuˈɟi|i.ɹi.ɡaˈvi|hu|u.na.ŋaˈɡʷu|na.mu.wɛ.naˈvi]

1P.GEN-apple-ACC | father.ERG CAUS-eat | REL | INTRANS-I | fear

''I fear that my father is eating my apple.''

=== Topicalization ===
With the exception of the verb, which must be in the final position of a clause, phrases that are emphasized generally come first in a sentence.

'''Śikimi baúmaliku śuwiwaúśuwi''' (Neutral)

child-ACC bird.ERG DIM-bite

''The bird nipped the child''

-

'''Baúmaliku śikimi śuwiwaúśuwi''' (Emphasis on '''baúmaliku''')

bird.ERG child-ACC DIM-bite

''It was the bird that nipped the child''

Pangali

2019-09-10T23:19:53Z

Kóði: /* Allophonic Variation */

[[Category:Languages]]
[[Category:Conlangs]]
[[Category:Artlangs]]
[[Category:A_priori]]
[[Category:Language_Isolate]]

{{Infobox language
|name = Pangali
|nativename = Ńipańalusuâ, Pańali
|pronunciation = [ŋi.ba.ŋa.lu.zʉˈʔa], [pa.ŋaˈli]
|creator = [[User:Kóði|Sámuel Hiette Kannosíni]] 
|created = August 8th, 2019
|setting =
|fam1 = [[Language Isolate]]
|script = [[w:Latin script|Latin script]] (Romanization, academic)
|brcl = blue
}}

'''Pangali''' (English: /pɑŋˈgɑli/, /peɪŋˈgɑli/, or /pɛnˈgɑli/) is <s>a poorly made attempt at channeling the creator's artistic nature</s> a constructed language developed by Sámuel Hiette Kannosíni for the purposes of his own <s>gasket-blowing frustration</s> enjoyment and glee.
= Introduction =
<big><center> '''[WARNING - ACHTUNG - AVERTISSEMENT]''' </center></big>
This article is '''very much''' a WIP, examples being inconsistency in formatting/style and references to features not yet fleshed out, as well as some small mentionings of a dialect called Luâi. I '''''realize''''' this is the case, however as someone who has ADHD (primarily inattentive type for the curious informed) and is ''extremely'' busy, my ability to consistently and coherently update this article is abysmal at best.

Thanks for understanding, people who obviously care as much as I do! /s

=== Fictional Setting ===
The Pangali language is the language used by the Pangalu, or the Pangali people, an indigenous people of the Pangali island chain, which is located roughly five hundred and thirty kilometers due west of the Phillipines.
Until 2003 they were considered an uncontacted people, but on March 17th, 2003 an exploratory party onboard a rudimentary sailing vessel voyaged from the northern island of Baluwikaûnu towards the Phillipines. Enroute to their destination, however, they were intercepted by the Philippine Coast Guard some two hundred kilometers northeast of the coast of Tandag City and, controversially, detained for a period of 5 months and 23 days.

Official justification for the length of the detainment was given by the Phillipine Department of Foreign Affairs (DFA) soon after the party’s release, stating:

<blockquote>“Due to the immense language and cultural barrier, as well as concern for the potential spread of disease to the isolated people, and questions regarding their motivation for travel made difficult by the aforementioned barriers, quarantine and detainment procedures were deemed not only the most efficient course of action, but also the safest, for all parties involved.”</blockquote>

The following months gave rise to an increase of international attention surrounding the Pangali people and the continuing communication efforts between them and the Philippine Government. It was later announced by the Philippine DFA that the isolated tribe “no longer wishes to be isolated”, and thus were subsequently placed underneath an international spotlight.

Naturally with the indigenous people now slowly but surely increasing contact with the modern world, records of their culture and language are a must in order to maintain a positive relationship, and thus the purpose of this wiki is, succinctly summarized, to address the linguistic side of such matters.

=== Classification ===
The language is classified as an agglutinative language isolate with a tripartite morphosyntatic alignment that declines nouns under a 12 case system and conjugates verbs for person, tense, aspect, and mood. Adjectives are not inflected and have zero-grade derivation for adverbial phrases.
The primary word order is OSV, however due to nouns being heavily inflected other word orders are possible, with SOV being the most prominently encountered alternate order. Whereas in many languages adpositions are used to indicate different relations between phrases, Pangali typically makes use of existing cases or a variation of Suffixaufnahme (also known as case stacking), wherein different cases are combined to carry the function of an adpositional function not normally covered by the standard twelve.

= Phonology =
In spite of its status as a language isolate, the phonological system of Pangali isn't terribly special in comparison to its neighbors in the Philippines or Australia. A simple syllable structure, few (phonemic) vowels, a fair amount of consonants, and stable vowel quality make this language both interesting and soundly (''ha, pun!'') mundane all at the same time.
=== Phoneme Inventory ===
Pangali's consonant inventory weighs in at a respectable 21 phonemic consonants. A unique feature that may be noted is the presence of phonemic prenasalized stops.

The vowels, on the other hand, number only three in terms of phonemic units. As with many languages with small vowel inventories, what vowels that Pangali does have are subject to significant allophonic variation.
{| class="wikitable" style="margin-left:auto; margin-right: auto; border: none; text-align:center"
|+Pangali Consonant Inventory
|-
! colspan=2 |
! Labial
! Alveolar
! Velar
! Glottal
|-
! colspan=2|Nasal
| m {{angbr|m}}
| n {{angbr|n}}
| ŋ {{angbr|ń}}
|
|-
! rowspan=2 | Plosive
! Plain
| p {{angbr|p}}
| t {{angbr|t}}
| k {{angbr|k}}
| ʔ {{angbr|ˆ}}
|-
! Prenasalized
| ᵐp {{angbr|b}}
| ⁿt {{angbr|d}}
| ᵑk {{angbr|g}}
|
|-
! colspan=2|Fricative
|
|
|
| h {{angbr |h}}
|-
! colspan=2|Approximant
|
|/ɹ/ {{angbr|r}}
|/w/ {{angbr|w}}
|
|-

{| class="wikitable" style="margin-left:auto; margin-right: auto; border: none; text-align:center"
|+Pangali Vowel Inventory
|-
! || Front || Back
|-
! Close
| /i/ {{angbr |i}}
| /u/ {{angbr |u}}
|-
! Open
|/a/ {{angbr |a}}
|
|-
|}

=== Romanization ===
The Pangalu currently have no official writing system but offers to be taught the romanization used in the recorded lexicon produced by academics have been met with enthusiasim.

=== Allophonic Variation ===
==== Plosives ====
Comprising 12 different allophonic variations, Pangali's plosives are the most unstable aspect of the language's phonological inventory.
===== Sonorization =====
Standard Pangali: Plain voiceless plosives become voiced in intervocalic positions.

{| class="wikitable" style="float:center; border: none; text-align:center"
|-
!Shift
!Example
|-
!p → b / V_V
|/ʔu'''p'''a/ → [ʔuˈ'''b'''a]
|-
!t → d / V_V
|/huwu'''t'''uwi/ → [hu.wu.'''d'''uˈɣʷi]1
|-
!k → g / V_V
|/ⁿta'''k'''u/ → [ⁿtaˈ'''g'''u]
|-
|}

===== Dissimilation =====

Word initially, /p t k/ spirantize to [f s x] when the following syllable shares the same onset. Under the same conditions intervocalically, /p t k/ instead affricate to [p͡f t͡s k͡x]:
{| class="wikitable" style="float:center; border: none; text-align:center"
|-
!Word Initial
!Example
!Intervocalic
!Example
|-
!p → f / _Vp
|/'''p'''apa/ → ['''f'''aˈba]
!p → p͡f / V_Vp
|/ᵐpi'''p'''apa/ → [ᵐpi.'''p͡f'''aˈba]
|-
!t → s / _Vt
|/'''t'''utiɹa/ → ['''s'''u.diˈɹa]
!t → t͡s / V_Vt
|/ᵐpi'''t'''utiɹa/ → [ᵐpi.'''t͡s'''u.diˈða]
|
! k → x / _Vk
|/'''k'''uka/ → ['''x'''uˈga]
!k → k͡x / V_Vk
|/ᵐpi'''k'''uka/ → [ᵐpi.'''k͡x'''uˈga]
|-
|}

It is theorized that /p t k/ originally affricated in all positions but later spirantized word initially.
==== Approximants ====
==== Fortition ====
/ɹ j w/ fortify to [ð ʝ ɣʷ] when occurring in a stressed syllable:

{|class="wikitable" style="float:center; border: none; text-align:center"
! Shifts
! colspan=2 | Examples
|-
! rowspan=2 | ɹ → ð
|/pa'''ɹ'''a/ → [paˈ'''ð'''a]
|-
|/ki'''ɹ''i/ → [kiˈ'''ð'''i]
|-
! rowspan=2 | j → ʝ
|/iɹata'''j'''u/ → [i.ɹa.daˈ'''ʝ'''u]
|-
|/ni'''wj''a/ → [niˈ'''ʝ'''a]
|-
! rowspan=2 | w → ɣʷ
|/i'''w'''i/ → [iˈ'''ɣʷ'''i]
|-
|/ku'''w''a/ → [kuˈ'''ɣʷ'''a]
|-
|}

Notes:
The most common realization of /ɹ/ in stressed syllables is actually [ð̠], a voiced alveolar non-sibilant fricative, but for convenience is typically transcribed as simply [ð].
==== Vowels ====

==== Centralization ====
Vowels preceding /ʔ/ are centralized. /a/ is both centralized and raised:

{| class="wikitable" style="float:center; border: none; text-align:center"
|-
!Shift
!Example
|-
!/a/ → [ɐ]
|/h'''a'''ʔamu/ → [h'''ɐ'''.ʔaˈmu]2
|-
!/u/ → [ʉ]
|/han'''u'''ʔa/ → [ha.n'''ʉ'''ˈʔa]2
|-
!/i/ → [ɨ]
|/p'''i'''ʔa/ → [p'''ɨ'''ˈʔa]
|-
|}

==== Lowering ====
/i/ and /u/ are lowered to [ɛ] and [ɔ], respectively, when preceding nasals and prenasalized consonants:

{| class="wikitable" style="float:center; border: none; text-align:center"
|-
!Shift
!colspan=2 | Examples
|-
!/i/ → [ɛ]
|/h'''i'''ⁿtu/ → [h'''ɛ'''ˈⁿtu] || /tat'''i'''nu/ → [sa.d'''ɛ'''ˈnu]
|-
!/u/ → [ɔ]
|/ʔ'''u'''ŋa/ → [ʔ'''ɔ'''ˈŋa] || /k'''u'''maki/ → [k'''ɔ'''.maˈgi]
|-
|}

=== Phonotactics ===

==== Syllable Structure ====
Pangali has a (C)V structure, where a syllable can only contain one vowel, which may or may not be preceded by a consonant. Word initial syllables may occur with either a null onset or with any single consonant, while word internal syllables may only occur with single consonant onsets. Codas are forbidden in any context, with all syllables being open. This is true even for geminate consonants, thus they are analyzed as single consonants as opposed to a sequence of [VC.CV].
==== Epenthesis ====
In instances where a word ending in a null coda (i.e. all words) is followed by a word beginning with a null onset, an epenthetic /ŋ/ is inserted to replace the null onset. This process is treated as if there is no word boundary, and thus the presence of the epenthetic nasal lowers the preceding vowel if it is high, while in other instances word boundaries would prevent this.
*/satawu/ + /ulunasa/ = [sa.daˈgʷɔ ŋu.lɔˈna.sa]
**/satawu/ + /ŋaᵐpinasa/ = [sa.daˈgʷu ˈŋa.ᵐpi.na.zə]

==== Loanwords ====
Due to the nature of this syllable structure non-conforming loanwords are often heavily altered; although it should be noted that calques are extremely more common in favor of familiarity when possible.
Note the insertion of /u/ to break apart clusters and avoid final consonants in the following example.

*Helicopter: /ˈhɛlɪˌkɑptɚ/ > '''alikuputalu'' /ʔalikuputalu/, [ˈʔa.li.gu.bu.da.lu]

==== Stress ====
Lexical stress in Pangali falls on the final syllable of the root, and this remains true even if derivational suffixes apply.

= Numbers =
Filler text is text that shares some characteristics of a real written text, but is random or otherwise generated. It may be used to display a sample of fonts, generate text for testing, or to spoof an e-mail spam filter. The process of using filler text is sometimes called greeking, although the text itself may be nonsense, or largely Latin, as in Lorem ipsum.
= Nouns =
Filler text is text that shares some characteristics of a real written text, but is random or otherwise generated. It may be used to display a sample of fonts, generate text for testing, or to spoof an e-mail spam filter. The process of using filler text is sometimes called greeking, although the text itself may be nonsense, or largely Latin, as in Lorem ipsum.
= Verbs =
While other languages such as [http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanish_Language Spanish] follow a [http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tense-Aspect-Mood Tense-Aspect-Mood (TAM)] system, in which the three categories are largely conflated amongst conjugation paradigms, Pangali primarily expresses these categories in an agglutinative fashion. Where each category can cleanly be separated morpheme by morpheme.

The 6 categories that verbs in Pangali conjugate for are: Person, Tense, Aspect, Mood, and Evidentiality.

=== Person ===
Filler text is text that shares some characteristics of a real written text, but is random or otherwise generated. It may be used to display a sample of fonts, generate text for testing, or to spoof an e-mail spam filter. The process of using filler text is sometimes called greeking, although the text itself may be nonsense, or largely Latin, as in Lorem ipsum.
=== Tense ===
Filler text is text that shares some characteristics of a real written text, but is random or otherwise generated. It may be used to display a sample of fonts, generate text for testing, or to spoof an e-mail spam filter. The process of using filler text is sometimes called greeking, although the text itself may be nonsense, or largely Latin, as in Lorem ipsum.
==== Present Tense ====
Filler text is text that shares some characteristics of a real written text, but is random or otherwise generated. It may be used to display a sample of fonts, generate text for testing, or to spoof an e-mail spam filter. The process of using filler text is sometimes called greeking, although the text itself may be nonsense, or largely Latin, as in Lorem ipsum.

==== Past Tense ====
Filler text is text that shares some characteristics of a real written text, but is random or otherwise generated. It may be used to display a sample of fonts, generate text for testing, or to spoof an e-mail spam filter. The process of using filler text is sometimes called greeking, although the text itself may be nonsense, or largely Latin, as in Lorem ipsum.

=== Aspect ===
Filler text is text that shares some characteristics of a real written text, but is random or otherwise generated. It may be used to display a sample of fonts, generate text for testing, or to spoof an e-mail spam filter. The process of using filler text is sometimes called greeking, although the text itself may be nonsense, or largely Latin, as in Lorem ipsum.
==== Episodic ====

===== Gnomic =====
===== Habitual =====

==== Stative ====

===== Inchoative =====
===== Cessative =====
===== Progressive =====
===== Continuous =====
===== Discontinuous =====

==== Relative ====

===== Retrospective =====

===== Prospective =====

=== Mood ===

=== Evidentiality ===

= Derivational Morphology =
Filler text is text that shares some characteristics of a real written text, but is random or otherwise generated. It may be used to display a sample of fonts, generate text for testing, or to spoof an e-mail spam filter. The process of using filler text is sometimes called greeking, although the text itself may be nonsense, or largely Latin, as in Lorem ipsum.
= Syntax =

=== Parameter Order ===
Pangali, in line with its use of case marking, allows its speakers to vary their choice of word order. That being said, the default and most neutral order is OSV (Object-Subject-Verb):

[ⁿtɛ.mɔˈmi|wa.ᵐpuˈɟi|ka.ɹu.wi.ɹi.ɡaˈvi]

animal-ACC | father.ERG | CAUS-eat

''The father is feeding the animal''

[ŋa.k͡xu.ɡɔ.maˈmi|wa.ᵐpuˈɟi|i.ɹi.ɡaˈvi|hu|u.na.ŋaˈɡʷu|na.mu.wɛ.naˈvi]

1P.GEN-apple-ACC | father.ERG CAUS-eat | REL | INTRANS-I | fear

''I fear that my father is eating my apple.''

=== Topicalization ===
With the exception of the verb, which must be in the final position of a clause, phrases that are emphasized generally come first in a sentence.

'''Śikimi baúmaliku śuwiwaúśuwi''' (Neutral)

child-ACC bird.ERG DIM-bite

''The bird nipped the child''

-

'''Baúmaliku śikimi śuwiwaúśuwi''' (Emphasis on '''baúmaliku''')

bird.ERG child-ACC DIM-bite

''It was the bird that nipped the child''

Pangali

2019-09-09T22:57:22Z

Kóði: /* Parameter Order */

[[Category:Languages]]
[[Category:Conlangs]]
[[Category:Artlangs]]
[[Category:A_priori]]
[[Category:Language_Isolate]]

{{Infobox language
|name = Pangali
|nativename = Ńipańalusuâ, Pańali
|pronunciation = [ŋi.ba.ŋa.lu.zʉˈʔa], [pa.ŋaˈli]
|creator = [[User:Kóði|Sámuel Hiette Kannosíni]] 
|created = August 8th, 2019
|setting =
|fam1 = [[Language Isolate]]
|script = [[w:Latin script|Latin script]] (Romanization, academic)
|brcl = blue
}}

'''Pangali''' (English: /pɑŋˈgɑli/, /peɪŋˈgɑli/, or /pɛnˈgɑli/) is <s>a poorly made attempt at channeling the creator's artistic nature</s> a constructed language developed by Sámuel Hiette Kannosíni for the purposes of his own <s>gasket-blowing frustration</s> enjoyment and glee.
= Introduction =
<big><center> '''[WARNING - ACHTUNG - AVERTISSEMENT]''' </center></big>
This article is '''very much''' a WIP, examples being inconsistency in formatting/style and references to features not yet fleshed out, as well as some small mentionings of a dialect called Luâi. I '''''realize''''' this is the case, however as someone who has ADHD (primarily inattentive type for the curious informed) and is ''extremely'' busy, my ability to consistently and coherently update this article is abysmal at best.

Thanks for understanding, people who obviously care as much as I do! /s

=== Fictional Setting ===
The Pangali language is the language used by the Pangalu, or the Pangali people, an indigenous people of the Pangali island chain, which is located roughly five hundred and thirty kilometers due west of the Phillipines.
Until 2003 they were considered an uncontacted people, but on March 17th, 2003 an exploratory party onboard a rudimentary sailing vessel voyaged from the northern island of Baluwikaûnu towards the Phillipines. Enroute to their destination, however, they were intercepted by the Philippine Coast Guard some two hundred kilometers northeast of the coast of Tandag City and, controversially, detained for a period of 5 months and 23 days.

Official justification for the length of the detainment was given by the Phillipine Department of Foreign Affairs (DFA) soon after the party’s release, stating:

<blockquote>“Due to the immense language and cultural barrier, as well as concern for the potential spread of disease to the isolated people, and questions regarding their motivation for travel made difficult by the aforementioned barriers, quarantine and detainment procedures were deemed not only the most efficient course of action, but also the safest, for all parties involved.”</blockquote>

The following months gave rise to an increase of international attention surrounding the Pangali people and the continuing communication efforts between them and the Philippine Government. It was later announced by the Philippine DFA that the isolated tribe “no longer wishes to be isolated”, and thus were subsequently placed underneath an international spotlight.

Naturally with the indigenous people now slowly but surely increasing contact with the modern world, records of their culture and language are a must in order to maintain a positive relationship, and thus the purpose of this wiki is, succinctly summarized, to address the linguistic side of such matters.

=== Classification ===
The language is classified as an agglutinative language isolate with a tripartite morphosyntatic alignment that declines nouns under a 12 case system and conjugates verbs for person, tense, aspect, and mood. Adjectives are not inflected and have zero-grade derivation for adverbial phrases.
The primary word order is OSV, however due to nouns being heavily inflected other word orders are possible, with SOV being the most prominently encountered alternate order. Whereas in many languages adpositions are used to indicate different relations between phrases, Pangali typically makes use of existing cases or a variation of Suffixaufnahme (also known as case stacking), wherein different cases are combined to carry the function of an adpositional function not normally covered by the standard twelve.

= Phonology =
In spite of its status as a language isolate, the phonological system of Pangali isn't terribly special in comparison to its neighbors in the Philippines or Australia. A simple syllable structure, few (phonemic) vowels, a fair amount of consonants, and stable vowel quality make this language both interesting and soundly (''ha, pun!'') mundane all at the same time.
=== Phoneme Inventory ===
Pangali's consonant inventory weighs in at a respectable 21 phonemic consonants. A unique feature that may be noted is the presence of phonemic prenasalized stops.

The vowels, on the other hand, number only three in terms of phonemic units. As with many languages with small vowel inventories, what vowels that Pangali does have are subject to significant allophonic variation.
{| class="wikitable" style="margin-left:auto; margin-right: auto; border: none; text-align:center"
|+Pangali Consonant Inventory
|-
! colspan=2 |
! Labial
! Alveolar
! Velar
! Glottal
|-
! colspan=2|Nasal
| m {{angbr|m}}
| n {{angbr|n}}
| ŋ {{angbr|ń}}
|
|-
! rowspan=2 | Plosive
! Plain
| p {{angbr|p}}
| t {{angbr|t}}
| k {{angbr|k}}
| ʔ {{angbr|ˆ}}
|-
! Prenasalized
| ᵐp {{angbr|b}}
| ⁿt {{angbr|d}}
| ᵑk {{angbr|g}}
|
|-
! colspan=2|Fricative
|
|
|
| h {{angbr |h}}
|-
! colspan=2|Approximant
|
|/ɹ/ {{angbr|r}}
|/w/ {{angbr|w}}
|
|-

{| class="wikitable" style="margin-left:auto; margin-right: auto; border: none; text-align:center"
|+Pangali Vowel Inventory
|-
! || Front || Back
|-
! Close
| /i/ {{angbr |i}}
| /u/ {{angbr |u}}
|-
! Open
|/a/ {{angbr |a}}
|
|-
|}

=== Romanization ===
The Pangalu currently have no official writing system but offers to be taught the romanization used in the recorded lexicon produced by academics have been met with enthusiasim.

=== Allophonic Variation ===
==== Plosives ====
Comprising 12 different allophonic variations, Pangali's plain stops are the most unstable aspect of the language's phonoligical inventory.
===== Sonorization =====
Standard Pangali: Plain voiceless plosives become voiced in intervocalic positions.

{| class="wikitable" style="float:center; border: none; text-align:center"
|-
!Shift
!Example
|-
!p → b / V_V
|/ʔu'''p'''a/ → [ʔuˈ'''b'''a]
|-
!t → d / V_V
|/huwu'''t'''uwi/ → [hu.wu.'''d'''uˈvi]1
|-
!k → g / V_V
|/ⁿta'''k'''u/ → [ⁿtaˈ'''g'''u]
|-
|}

===== Dissimilation =====

Word initially, /p t k/ spirantize to [f s x] when the following syllable shares the same onset. Under the same conditions intervocalically, /p t k/ instead affricate to [p͡f t͡s k͡x]:
{| class="wikitable" style="float:center; border: none; text-align:center"
|-
!Word Initial
!Example
!Intervocalic
!Example
|-
!p → f / _Vp
|/'''p'''apa/ → ['''f'''aˈba]
!p → p͡f / V_Vp
|/ᵐpi'''p'''apa/ → [ᵐpi.'''p͡f'''aˈba]
|-
!t → s / _Vt
|/'''t'''utiɹa/ → ['''s'''u.diˈɹa]
!t → t͡s / V_Vt
|/ᵐpi'''t'''utiɹa/ → [ᵐpi.'''t͡s'''u.diˈɹa]
|-
! k → x / _Vk
|/'''k'''uka/ → ['''x'''uˈga]
!k → k͡x / V_Vk
|/ᵐpi'''k'''uka/ → [ᵐpi.'''k͡x'''uˈga]
|-
|}

It is theorized that /p t k/ originally affricated in all positions but later spirantized word initially.

==== Labio-Velar Fortition ====
/w/ fortifies to [gʷ] preceding /u/ and to [v] before /i a/ when occuring in a stressed syllable:

{|class="wikitable" style="float:center; border: none; text-align:center"
! Shifts
! colspan=2 | Examples
|-
! rowspan=2 | /w/ → [v]
|/pa'''w'''a/ → [paˈ'''v'''a]
|-
|/ki'''w'''i/ → [kiˈ'''v'''i]
|-
! rowspan=2 | /w/ → [gʷ]
|/iɹata'''w'''u/ → [i.ɹa.daˈ'''ɡʷ'''u]
|-
|/ni'''w'''u/ → [niˈ'''gʷ'''u]
|-
|}

==== Vowels ====

==== Centralization ====
Vowels preceding /ʔ/ are centralized. /a/ is both centralized and raised:

{| class="wikitable" style="float:center; border: none; text-align:center"
|-
!Shift
!Example
|-
!/a/ → [ɐ]
|/h'''a'''ʔamu/ → [h'''ɐ'''.ʔaˈmu]2
|-
!/u/ → [ʉ]
|/han'''u'''ʔa/ → [ha.n'''ʉ'''ˈʔa]2
|-
!/i/ → [ɨ]
|/p'''i'''ʔa/ → [p'''ɨ'''ˈʔa]
|-
|}

==== Lowering ====
/i/ and /u/ are lowered to [ɛ] and [ɔ], respectively, when preceding nasals and prenasalized consonants:

{| class="wikitable" style="float:center; border: none; text-align:center"
|-
!Shift
!colspan=2 | Examples
|-
!/i/ → [ɛ]
|/h'''i'''ⁿtu/ → [h'''ɛ'''ˈⁿtu] || /tat'''i'''nu/ → [sa.d'''ɛ'''ˈnu]
|-
!/u/ → [ɔ]
|/ʔ'''u'''ŋa/ → [ʔ'''ɔ'''ˈŋa] || /k'''u'''maki/ → [k'''ɔ'''.maˈgi]
|-
|}

=== Phonotactics ===

==== Syllable Structure ====
Pangali has a (C)V structure, where a syllable can only contain one vowel, which may or may not be preceded by a consonant. Word initial syllables may occur with either a null onset or with any single consonant, while word internal syllables may only occur with single consonant onsets. Codas are forbidden in any context, with all syllables being open. This is true even for geminate consonants, thus they are analyzed as single consonants as opposed to a sequence of [VC.CV].
==== Epenthesis ====
In instances where a word ending in a null coda (i.e. all words) is followed by a word beginning with a null onset, an epenthetic /ŋ/ is inserted to replace the null onset. This process is treated as if there is no word boundary, and thus the presence of the epenthetic nasal lowers the preceding vowel if it is high, while in other instances word boundaries would prevent this.
*/satawu/ + /ulunasa/ = [sa.daˈgʷɔ ŋu.lɔˈna.sa]
**/satawu/ + /ŋaᵐpinasa/ = [sa.daˈgʷu ˈŋa.ᵐpi.na.zə]

==== Loanwords ====
Due to the nature of this syllable structure non-conforming loanwords are often heavily altered; although it should be noted that calques are extremely more common in favor of familiarity when possible.
Note the insertion of /u/ to break apart clusters and avoid final consonants in the following example.

*Helicopter: /ˈhɛlɪˌkɑptɚ/ > '''alikuputalu'' /ʔalikuputalu/, [ˈʔa.li.gu.bu.da.lu]

==== Stress ====
Lexical stress in Pangali falls on the final syllable of the root, and this remains true even if derivational suffixes apply.

= Numbers =
Filler text is text that shares some characteristics of a real written text, but is random or otherwise generated. It may be used to display a sample of fonts, generate text for testing, or to spoof an e-mail spam filter. The process of using filler text is sometimes called greeking, although the text itself may be nonsense, or largely Latin, as in Lorem ipsum.
= Nouns =
Filler text is text that shares some characteristics of a real written text, but is random or otherwise generated. It may be used to display a sample of fonts, generate text for testing, or to spoof an e-mail spam filter. The process of using filler text is sometimes called greeking, although the text itself may be nonsense, or largely Latin, as in Lorem ipsum.
= Verbs =
While other languages such as [http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanish_Language Spanish] follow a [http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tense-Aspect-Mood Tense-Aspect-Mood (TAM)] system, in which the three categories are largely conflated amongst conjugation paradigms, Pangali primarily expresses these categories in an agglutinative fashion. Where each category can cleanly be separated morpheme by morpheme.

The 6 categories that verbs in Pangali conjugate for are: Person, Tense, Aspect, Mood, and Evidentiality.

=== Person ===
Filler text is text that shares some characteristics of a real written text, but is random or otherwise generated. It may be used to display a sample of fonts, generate text for testing, or to spoof an e-mail spam filter. The process of using filler text is sometimes called greeking, although the text itself may be nonsense, or largely Latin, as in Lorem ipsum.
=== Tense ===
Filler text is text that shares some characteristics of a real written text, but is random or otherwise generated. It may be used to display a sample of fonts, generate text for testing, or to spoof an e-mail spam filter. The process of using filler text is sometimes called greeking, although the text itself may be nonsense, or largely Latin, as in Lorem ipsum.
==== Present Tense ====
Filler text is text that shares some characteristics of a real written text, but is random or otherwise generated. It may be used to display a sample of fonts, generate text for testing, or to spoof an e-mail spam filter. The process of using filler text is sometimes called greeking, although the text itself may be nonsense, or largely Latin, as in Lorem ipsum.

==== Past Tense ====
Filler text is text that shares some characteristics of a real written text, but is random or otherwise generated. It may be used to display a sample of fonts, generate text for testing, or to spoof an e-mail spam filter. The process of using filler text is sometimes called greeking, although the text itself may be nonsense, or largely Latin, as in Lorem ipsum.

=== Aspect ===
Filler text is text that shares some characteristics of a real written text, but is random or otherwise generated. It may be used to display a sample of fonts, generate text for testing, or to spoof an e-mail spam filter. The process of using filler text is sometimes called greeking, although the text itself may be nonsense, or largely Latin, as in Lorem ipsum.
==== Episodic ====

===== Gnomic =====
===== Habitual =====

==== Stative ====

===== Inchoative =====
===== Cessative =====
===== Progressive =====
===== Continuous =====
===== Discontinuous =====

==== Relative ====

===== Retrospective =====

===== Prospective =====

=== Mood ===

=== Evidentiality ===

= Derivational Morphology =
Filler text is text that shares some characteristics of a real written text, but is random or otherwise generated. It may be used to display a sample of fonts, generate text for testing, or to spoof an e-mail spam filter. The process of using filler text is sometimes called greeking, although the text itself may be nonsense, or largely Latin, as in Lorem ipsum.
= Syntax =

=== Parameter Order ===
Pangali, in line with its use of case marking, allows its speakers to vary their choice of word order. That being said, the default and most neutral order is OSV (Object-Subject-Verb):

[ⁿtɛ.mɔˈmi|wa.ᵐpuˈɟi|ka.ɹu.wi.ɹi.ɡaˈvi]

animal-ACC | father.ERG | CAUS-eat

''The father is feeding the animal''

[ŋa.k͡xu.ɡɔ.maˈmi|wa.ᵐpuˈɟi|i.ɹi.ɡaˈvi|hu|u.na.ŋaˈɡʷu|na.mu.wɛ.naˈvi]

1P.GEN-apple-ACC | father.ERG CAUS-eat | REL | INTRANS-I | fear

''I fear that my father is eating my apple.''

=== Topicalization ===
With the exception of the verb, which must be in the final position of a clause, phrases that are emphasized generally come first in a sentence.

'''Śikimi baúmaliku śuwiwaúśuwi''' (Neutral)

child-ACC bird.ERG DIM-bite

''The bird nipped the child''

-

'''Baúmaliku śikimi śuwiwaúśuwi''' (Emphasis on '''baúmaliku''')

bird.ERG child-ACC DIM-bite

''It was the bird that nipped the child''

Pangali

2019-09-09T10:16:34Z

Kóði: /* Plosives */

[[Category:Languages]]
[[Category:Conlangs]]
[[Category:Artlangs]]
[[Category:A_priori]]
[[Category:Language_Isolate]]

{{Infobox language
|name = Pangali
|nativename = Ńipańalusuâ, Pańali
|pronunciation = [ŋi.ba.ŋa.lu.zʉˈʔa], [pa.ŋaˈli]
|creator = [[User:Kóði|Sámuel Hiette Kannosíni]] 
|created = August 8th, 2019
|setting =
|fam1 = [[Language Isolate]]
|script = [[w:Latin script|Latin script]] (Romanization, academic)
|brcl = blue
}}

'''Pangali''' (English: /pɑŋˈgɑli/, /peɪŋˈgɑli/, or /pɛnˈgɑli/) is <s>a poorly made attempt at channeling the creator's artistic nature</s> a constructed language developed by Sámuel Hiette Kannosíni for the purposes of his own <s>gasket-blowing frustration</s> enjoyment and glee.
= Introduction =
<big><center> '''[WARNING - ACHTUNG - AVERTISSEMENT]''' </center></big>
This article is '''very much''' a WIP, examples being inconsistency in formatting/style and references to features not yet fleshed out, as well as some small mentionings of a dialect called Luâi. I '''''realize''''' this is the case, however as someone who has ADHD (primarily inattentive type for the curious informed) and is ''extremely'' busy, my ability to consistently and coherently update this article is abysmal at best.

Thanks for understanding, people who obviously care as much as I do! /s

=== Fictional Setting ===
The Pangali language is the language used by the Pangalu, or the Pangali people, an indigenous people of the Pangali island chain, which is located roughly five hundred and thirty kilometers due west of the Phillipines.
Until 2003 they were considered an uncontacted people, but on March 17th, 2003 an exploratory party onboard a rudimentary sailing vessel voyaged from the northern island of Baluwikaûnu towards the Phillipines. Enroute to their destination, however, they were intercepted by the Philippine Coast Guard some two hundred kilometers northeast of the coast of Tandag City and, controversially, detained for a period of 5 months and 23 days.

Official justification for the length of the detainment was given by the Phillipine Department of Foreign Affairs (DFA) soon after the party’s release, stating:

<blockquote>“Due to the immense language and cultural barrier, as well as concern for the potential spread of disease to the isolated people, and questions regarding their motivation for travel made difficult by the aforementioned barriers, quarantine and detainment procedures were deemed not only the most efficient course of action, but also the safest, for all parties involved.”</blockquote>

The following months gave rise to an increase of international attention surrounding the Pangali people and the continuing communication efforts between them and the Philippine Government. It was later announced by the Philippine DFA that the isolated tribe “no longer wishes to be isolated”, and thus were subsequently placed underneath an international spotlight.

Naturally with the indigenous people now slowly but surely increasing contact with the modern world, records of their culture and language are a must in order to maintain a positive relationship, and thus the purpose of this wiki is, succinctly summarized, to address the linguistic side of such matters.

=== Classification ===
The language is classified as an agglutinative language isolate with a tripartite morphosyntatic alignment that declines nouns under a 12 case system and conjugates verbs for person, tense, aspect, and mood. Adjectives are not inflected and have zero-grade derivation for adverbial phrases.
The primary word order is OSV, however due to nouns being heavily inflected other word orders are possible, with SOV being the most prominently encountered alternate order. Whereas in many languages adpositions are used to indicate different relations between phrases, Pangali typically makes use of existing cases or a variation of Suffixaufnahme (also known as case stacking), wherein different cases are combined to carry the function of an adpositional function not normally covered by the standard twelve.

= Phonology =
In spite of its status as a language isolate, the phonological system of Pangali isn't terribly special in comparison to its neighbors in the Philippines or Australia. A simple syllable structure, few (phonemic) vowels, a fair amount of consonants, and stable vowel quality make this language both interesting and soundly (''ha, pun!'') mundane all at the same time.
=== Phoneme Inventory ===
Pangali's consonant inventory weighs in at a respectable 21 phonemic consonants. A unique feature that may be noted is the presence of phonemic prenasalized stops.

The vowels, on the other hand, number only three in terms of phonemic units. As with many languages with small vowel inventories, what vowels that Pangali does have are subject to significant allophonic variation.
{| class="wikitable" style="margin-left:auto; margin-right: auto; border: none; text-align:center"
|+Pangali Consonant Inventory
|-
! colspan=2 |
! Labial
! Alveolar
! Velar
! Glottal
|-
! colspan=2|Nasal
| m {{angbr|m}}
| n {{angbr|n}}
| ŋ {{angbr|ń}}
|
|-
! rowspan=2 | Plosive
! Plain
| p {{angbr|p}}
| t {{angbr|t}}
| k {{angbr|k}}
| ʔ {{angbr|ˆ}}
|-
! Prenasalized
| ᵐp {{angbr|b}}
| ⁿt {{angbr|d}}
| ᵑk {{angbr|g}}
|
|-
! colspan=2|Fricative
|
|
|
| h {{angbr |h}}
|-
! colspan=2|Approximant
|
|/ɹ/ {{angbr|r}}
|/w/ {{angbr|w}}
|
|-

{| class="wikitable" style="margin-left:auto; margin-right: auto; border: none; text-align:center"
|+Pangali Vowel Inventory
|-
! || Front || Back
|-
! Close
| /i/ {{angbr |i}}
| /u/ {{angbr |u}}
|-
! Open
|/a/ {{angbr |a}}
|
|-
|}

=== Romanization ===
The Pangalu currently have no official writing system but offers to be taught the romanization used in the recorded lexicon produced by academics have been met with enthusiasim.

=== Allophonic Variation ===
==== Plosives ====
Comprising 12 different allophonic variations, Pangali's plain stops are the most unstable aspect of the language's phonoligical inventory.
===== Sonorization =====
Standard Pangali: Plain voiceless plosives become voiced in intervocalic positions.

{| class="wikitable" style="float:center; border: none; text-align:center"
|-
!Shift
!Example
|-
!p → b / V_V
|/ʔu'''p'''a/ → [ʔuˈ'''b'''a]
|-
!t → d / V_V
|/huwu'''t'''uwi/ → [hu.wu.'''d'''uˈvi]1
|-
!k → g / V_V
|/ⁿta'''k'''u/ → [ⁿtaˈ'''g'''u]
|-
|}

===== Dissimilation =====

Word initially, /p t k/ spirantize to [f s x] when the following syllable shares the same onset. Under the same conditions intervocalically, /p t k/ instead affricate to [p͡f t͡s k͡x]:
{| class="wikitable" style="float:center; border: none; text-align:center"
|-
!Word Initial
!Example
!Intervocalic
!Example
|-
!p → f / _Vp
|/'''p'''apa/ → ['''f'''aˈba]
!p → p͡f / V_Vp
|/ᵐpi'''p'''apa/ → [ᵐpi.'''p͡f'''aˈba]
|-
!t → s / _Vt
|/'''t'''utiɹa/ → ['''s'''u.diˈɹa]
!t → t͡s / V_Vt
|/ᵐpi'''t'''utiɹa/ → [ᵐpi.'''t͡s'''u.diˈɹa]
|-
! k → x / _Vk
|/'''k'''uka/ → ['''x'''uˈga]
!k → k͡x / V_Vk
|/ᵐpi'''k'''uka/ → [ᵐpi.'''k͡x'''uˈga]
|-
|}

It is theorized that /p t k/ originally affricated in all positions but later spirantized word initially.

==== Labio-Velar Fortition ====
/w/ fortifies to [gʷ] preceding /u/ and to [v] before /i a/ when occuring in a stressed syllable:

{|class="wikitable" style="float:center; border: none; text-align:center"
! Shifts
! colspan=2 | Examples
|-
! rowspan=2 | /w/ → [v]
|/pa'''w'''a/ → [paˈ'''v'''a]
|-
|/ki'''w'''i/ → [kiˈ'''v'''i]
|-
! rowspan=2 | /w/ → [gʷ]
|/iɹata'''w'''u/ → [i.ɹa.daˈ'''ɡʷ'''u]
|-
|/ni'''w'''u/ → [niˈ'''gʷ'''u]
|-
|}

==== Vowels ====

==== Centralization ====
Vowels preceding /ʔ/ are centralized. /a/ is both centralized and raised:

{| class="wikitable" style="float:center; border: none; text-align:center"
|-
!Shift
!Example
|-
!/a/ → [ɐ]
|/h'''a'''ʔamu/ → [h'''ɐ'''.ʔaˈmu]2
|-
!/u/ → [ʉ]
|/han'''u'''ʔa/ → [ha.n'''ʉ'''ˈʔa]2
|-
!/i/ → [ɨ]
|/p'''i'''ʔa/ → [p'''ɨ'''ˈʔa]
|-
|}

==== Lowering ====
/i/ and /u/ are lowered to [ɛ] and [ɔ], respectively, when preceding nasals and prenasalized consonants:

{| class="wikitable" style="float:center; border: none; text-align:center"
|-
!Shift
!colspan=2 | Examples
|-
!/i/ → [ɛ]
|/h'''i'''ⁿtu/ → [h'''ɛ'''ˈⁿtu] || /tat'''i'''nu/ → [sa.d'''ɛ'''ˈnu]
|-
!/u/ → [ɔ]
|/ʔ'''u'''ŋa/ → [ʔ'''ɔ'''ˈŋa] || /k'''u'''maki/ → [k'''ɔ'''.maˈgi]
|-
|}

=== Phonotactics ===

==== Syllable Structure ====
Pangali has a (C)V structure, where a syllable can only contain one vowel, which may or may not be preceded by a consonant. Word initial syllables may occur with either a null onset or with any single consonant, while word internal syllables may only occur with single consonant onsets. Codas are forbidden in any context, with all syllables being open. This is true even for geminate consonants, thus they are analyzed as single consonants as opposed to a sequence of [VC.CV].
==== Epenthesis ====
In instances where a word ending in a null coda (i.e. all words) is followed by a word beginning with a null onset, an epenthetic /ŋ/ is inserted to replace the null onset. This process is treated as if there is no word boundary, and thus the presence of the epenthetic nasal lowers the preceding vowel if it is high, while in other instances word boundaries would prevent this.
*/satawu/ + /ulunasa/ = [sa.daˈgʷɔ ŋu.lɔˈna.sa]
**/satawu/ + /ŋaᵐpinasa/ = [sa.daˈgʷu ˈŋa.ᵐpi.na.zə]

==== Loanwords ====
Due to the nature of this syllable structure non-conforming loanwords are often heavily altered; although it should be noted that calques are extremely more common in favor of familiarity when possible.
Note the insertion of /u/ to break apart clusters and avoid final consonants in the following example.

*Helicopter: /ˈhɛlɪˌkɑptɚ/ > '''alikuputalu'' /ʔalikuputalu/, [ˈʔa.li.gu.bu.da.lu]

==== Stress ====
Lexical stress in Pangali falls on the final syllable of the root, and this remains true even if derivational suffixes apply.

= Numbers =
Filler text is text that shares some characteristics of a real written text, but is random or otherwise generated. It may be used to display a sample of fonts, generate text for testing, or to spoof an e-mail spam filter. The process of using filler text is sometimes called greeking, although the text itself may be nonsense, or largely Latin, as in Lorem ipsum.
= Nouns =
Filler text is text that shares some characteristics of a real written text, but is random or otherwise generated. It may be used to display a sample of fonts, generate text for testing, or to spoof an e-mail spam filter. The process of using filler text is sometimes called greeking, although the text itself may be nonsense, or largely Latin, as in Lorem ipsum.
= Verbs =
While other languages such as [http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanish_Language Spanish] follow a [http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tense-Aspect-Mood Tense-Aspect-Mood (TAM)] system, in which the three categories are largely conflated amongst conjugation paradigms, Pangali primarily expresses these categories in an agglutinative fashion. Where each category can cleanly be separated morpheme by morpheme.

The 6 categories that verbs in Pangali conjugate for are: Person, Tense, Aspect, Mood, and Evidentiality.

=== Person ===
Filler text is text that shares some characteristics of a real written text, but is random or otherwise generated. It may be used to display a sample of fonts, generate text for testing, or to spoof an e-mail spam filter. The process of using filler text is sometimes called greeking, although the text itself may be nonsense, or largely Latin, as in Lorem ipsum.
=== Tense ===
Filler text is text that shares some characteristics of a real written text, but is random or otherwise generated. It may be used to display a sample of fonts, generate text for testing, or to spoof an e-mail spam filter. The process of using filler text is sometimes called greeking, although the text itself may be nonsense, or largely Latin, as in Lorem ipsum.
==== Present Tense ====
Filler text is text that shares some characteristics of a real written text, but is random or otherwise generated. It may be used to display a sample of fonts, generate text for testing, or to spoof an e-mail spam filter. The process of using filler text is sometimes called greeking, although the text itself may be nonsense, or largely Latin, as in Lorem ipsum.

==== Past Tense ====
Filler text is text that shares some characteristics of a real written text, but is random or otherwise generated. It may be used to display a sample of fonts, generate text for testing, or to spoof an e-mail spam filter. The process of using filler text is sometimes called greeking, although the text itself may be nonsense, or largely Latin, as in Lorem ipsum.

=== Aspect ===
Filler text is text that shares some characteristics of a real written text, but is random or otherwise generated. It may be used to display a sample of fonts, generate text for testing, or to spoof an e-mail spam filter. The process of using filler text is sometimes called greeking, although the text itself may be nonsense, or largely Latin, as in Lorem ipsum.
==== Episodic ====

===== Gnomic =====
===== Habitual =====

==== Stative ====

===== Inchoative =====
===== Cessative =====
===== Progressive =====
===== Continuous =====
===== Discontinuous =====

==== Relative ====

===== Retrospective =====

===== Prospective =====

=== Mood ===

=== Evidentiality ===

= Derivational Morphology =
Filler text is text that shares some characteristics of a real written text, but is random or otherwise generated. It may be used to display a sample of fonts, generate text for testing, or to spoof an e-mail spam filter. The process of using filler text is sometimes called greeking, although the text itself may be nonsense, or largely Latin, as in Lorem ipsum.
= Syntax =

=== Parameter Order ===
Pangali, in line with its use of case marking, allows its speakers to vary their choice of word order. That being said, the default and most neutral order is OSV (Object-Subject-Verb):

'''Dimumi wabuśi kasuwiśikawi'''

animal-ACC father.ERG CAUS-eat

''The father is feeding the animal''

'''Ńakukumami wabuśi iśikawi su unańalu namulinawi'''

1P.GEN-apple-ACC father.ERG CAUS-eat REL INTRANS-I fear

''I fear that my father is eating my apple.''

=== Topicalization ===
With the exception of the verb, which must be in the final position of a clause, phrases that are emphasized generally come first in a sentence.

'''Śikimi baúmaliku śuwiwaúśuwi''' (Neutral)

child-ACC bird.ERG DIM-bite

''The bird nipped the child''

-

'''Baúmaliku śikimi śuwiwaúśuwi''' (Emphasis on '''baúmaliku''')

bird.ERG child-ACC DIM-bite

''It was the bird that nipped the child''

Pangali

2019-09-09T09:16:57Z

Kóði: /* Dissimilation */

[[Category:Languages]]
[[Category:Conlangs]]
[[Category:Artlangs]]
[[Category:A_priori]]
[[Category:Language_Isolate]]

{{Infobox language
|name = Pangali
|nativename = Ńipańalusuâ, Pańali
|pronunciation = [ŋi.ba.ŋa.lu.zʉˈʔa], [pa.ŋaˈli]
|creator = [[User:Kóði|Sámuel Hiette Kannosíni]] 
|created = August 8th, 2019
|setting =
|fam1 = [[Language Isolate]]
|script = [[w:Latin script|Latin script]] (Romanization, academic)
|brcl = blue
}}

'''Pangali''' (English: /pɑŋˈgɑli/, /peɪŋˈgɑli/, or /pɛnˈgɑli/) is <s>a poorly made attempt at channeling the creator's artistic nature</s> a constructed language developed by Sámuel Hiette Kannosíni for the purposes of his own <s>gasket-blowing frustration</s> enjoyment and glee.
= Introduction =
<big><center> '''[WARNING - ACHTUNG - AVERTISSEMENT]''' </center></big>
This article is '''very much''' a WIP, examples being inconsistency in formatting/style and references to features not yet fleshed out, as well as some small mentionings of a dialect called Luâi. I '''''realize''''' this is the case, however as someone who has ADHD (primarily inattentive type for the curious informed) and is ''extremely'' busy, my ability to consistently and coherently update this article is abysmal at best.

Thanks for understanding, people who obviously care as much as I do! /s

=== Fictional Setting ===
The Pangali language is the language used by the Pangalu, or the Pangali people, an indigenous people of the Pangali island chain, which is located roughly five hundred and thirty kilometers due west of the Phillipines.
Until 2003 they were considered an uncontacted people, but on March 17th, 2003 an exploratory party onboard a rudimentary sailing vessel voyaged from the northern island of Baluwikaûnu towards the Phillipines. Enroute to their destination, however, they were intercepted by the Philippine Coast Guard some two hundred kilometers northeast of the coast of Tandag City and, controversially, detained for a period of 5 months and 23 days.

Official justification for the length of the detainment was given by the Phillipine Department of Foreign Affairs (DFA) soon after the party’s release, stating:

<blockquote>“Due to the immense language and cultural barrier, as well as concern for the potential spread of disease to the isolated people, and questions regarding their motivation for travel made difficult by the aforementioned barriers, quarantine and detainment procedures were deemed not only the most efficient course of action, but also the safest, for all parties involved.”</blockquote>

The following months gave rise to an increase of international attention surrounding the Pangali people and the continuing communication efforts between them and the Philippine Government. It was later announced by the Philippine DFA that the isolated tribe “no longer wishes to be isolated”, and thus were subsequently placed underneath an international spotlight.

Naturally with the indigenous people now slowly but surely increasing contact with the modern world, records of their culture and language are a must in order to maintain a positive relationship, and thus the purpose of this wiki is, succinctly summarized, to address the linguistic side of such matters.

=== Classification ===
The language is classified as an agglutinative language isolate with a tripartite morphosyntatic alignment that declines nouns under a 12 case system and conjugates verbs for person, tense, aspect, and mood. Adjectives are not inflected and have zero-grade derivation for adverbial phrases.
The primary word order is OSV, however due to nouns being heavily inflected other word orders are possible, with SOV being the most prominently encountered alternate order. Whereas in many languages adpositions are used to indicate different relations between phrases, Pangali typically makes use of existing cases or a variation of Suffixaufnahme (also known as case stacking), wherein different cases are combined to carry the function of an adpositional function not normally covered by the standard twelve.

= Phonology =
In spite of its status as a language isolate, the phonological system of Pangali isn't terribly special in comparison to its neighbors in the Philippines or Australia. A simple syllable structure, few (phonemic) vowels, a fair amount of consonants, and stable vowel quality make this language both interesting and soundly (''ha, pun!'') mundane all at the same time.
=== Phoneme Inventory ===
Pangali's consonant inventory weighs in at a respectable 21 phonemic consonants. A unique feature that may be noted is the presence of phonemic prenasalized stops.

The vowels, on the other hand, number only three in terms of phonemic units. As with many languages with small vowel inventories, what vowels that Pangali does have are subject to significant allophonic variation.
{| class="wikitable" style="margin-left:auto; margin-right: auto; border: none; text-align:center"
|+Pangali Consonant Inventory
|-
! colspan=2 |
! Labial
! Alveolar
! Velar
! Glottal
|-
! colspan=2|Nasal
| m {{angbr|m}}
| n {{angbr|n}}
| ŋ {{angbr|ń}}
|
|-
! rowspan=2 | Plosive
! Plain
| p {{angbr|p}}
| t {{angbr|t}}
| k {{angbr|k}}
| ʔ {{angbr|ˆ}}
|-
! Prenasalized
| ᵐp {{angbr|b}}
| ⁿt {{angbr|d}}
| ᵑk {{angbr|g}}
|
|-
! colspan=2|Fricative
|
|
|
| h {{angbr |h}}
|-
! colspan=2|Approximant
|
|/ɹ/ {{angbr|r}}
|/w/ {{angbr|w}}
|
|-

{| class="wikitable" style="margin-left:auto; margin-right: auto; border: none; text-align:center"
|+Pangali Vowel Inventory
|-
! || Front || Back
|-
! Close
| /i/ {{angbr |i}}
| /u/ {{angbr |u}}
|-
! Open
|/a/ {{angbr |a}}
|
|-
|}

=== Romanization ===
The Pangalu currently have no official writing system but offers to be taught the romanization used in the recorded lexicon produced by academics have been met with enthusiasim.

=== Allophonic Variation ===
==== Plosives ====
Obstruents are the most unstable aspect of Pangali's phonological inventory, with a total of nine different allophonic realizations based on stress alone.
===== Sonorization =====
Standard Pangali: Plain voiceless plosives become voiced in intervocalic positions.

{| class="wikitable" style="float:center; border: none; text-align:center"
|-
!Shift
!Example
|-
!/p/ → [b]
|/ʔu'''p'''a/ → [ʔuˈ'''b'''a]
|-
!/t/ → [d]
|/huwu'''t'''uwi/ → [hu.wu.'''d'''uˈvi]1
|-
!/k/ → [g]
|/ⁿta'''k'''u/ → [ⁿtaˈ'''g'''u]
|-
|}

===== Dissimilation =====

Word initially, /p t k/ spirantize to [f s x] when the following syllable shares the same onset. Under the same conditions intervocalically, /p t k/ instead affricate to [p͡f t͡s k͡x]:
{| class="wikitable" style="float:center; border: none; text-align:center"
|-
!Word Initial
!Example
!Intervocalic
!Example
|-
!/p/ → [f]
|/'''p'''apa/ → ['''f'''aˈba]
!/p/ → [p͡f]
|/ᵐpi'''p'''apa/ → [ᵐpi.'''p͡f'''aˈba]
|-
!/t/ → [s]
|/'''t'''utiɹa/ → ['''s'''u.diˈɹa]
!/t/ → [t͡s]
|/ᵐpi'''t'''utiɹa/ → [ᵐpi.'''t͡s'''u.diˈɹa]
|-
! /k/ → [x]
|/'''k'''uka/ → ['''x'''uˈga]
!/k/ → [k͡x]
|/ᵐpi'''k'''uka/ → [ᵐpi.'''k͡x'''uˈga]
|-
|}

It is theorized that /p t k/ originally affricated in all positions but later spirantized word initially.

==== Labio-Velar Fortition ====
/w/ fortifies to [gʷ] preceding /u/ and to [v] before /i a/ when occuring in a stressed syllable:

{|class="wikitable" style="float:center; border: none; text-align:center"
! Shifts
! colspan=2 | Examples
|-
! rowspan=2 | /w/ → [v]
|/pa'''w'''a/ → [paˈ'''v'''a]
|-
|/ki'''w'''i/ → [kiˈ'''v'''i]
|-
! rowspan=2 | /w/ → [gʷ]
|/iɹata'''w'''u/ → [i.ɹa.daˈ'''ɡʷ'''u]
|-
|/ni'''w'''u/ → [niˈ'''gʷ'''u]
|-
|}

==== Vowels ====

==== Centralization ====
Vowels preceding /ʔ/ are centralized. /a/ is both centralized and raised:

{| class="wikitable" style="float:center; border: none; text-align:center"
|-
!Shift
!Example
|-
!/a/ → [ɐ]
|/h'''a'''ʔamu/ → [h'''ɐ'''.ʔaˈmu]2
|-
!/u/ → [ʉ]
|/han'''u'''ʔa/ → [ha.n'''ʉ'''ˈʔa]2
|-
!/i/ → [ɨ]
|/p'''i'''ʔa/ → [p'''ɨ'''ˈʔa]
|-
|}

==== Lowering ====
/i/ and /u/ are lowered to [ɛ] and [ɔ], respectively, when preceding nasals and prenasalized consonants:

{| class="wikitable" style="float:center; border: none; text-align:center"
|-
!Shift
!colspan=2 | Examples
|-
!/i/ → [ɛ]
|/h'''i'''ⁿtu/ → [h'''ɛ'''ˈⁿtu] || /tat'''i'''nu/ → [sa.d'''ɛ'''ˈnu]
|-
!/u/ → [ɔ]
|/ʔ'''u'''ŋa/ → [ʔ'''ɔ'''ˈŋa] || /k'''u'''maki/ → [k'''ɔ'''.maˈgi]
|-
|}

=== Phonotactics ===

==== Syllable Structure ====
Pangali has a (C)V structure, where a syllable can only contain one vowel, which may or may not be preceded by a consonant. Word initial syllables may occur with either a null onset or with any single consonant, while word internal syllables may only occur with single consonant onsets. Codas are forbidden in any context, with all syllables being open. This is true even for geminate consonants, thus they are analyzed as single consonants as opposed to a sequence of [VC.CV].
==== Epenthesis ====
In instances where a word ending in a null coda (i.e. all words) is followed by a word beginning with a null onset, an epenthetic /ŋ/ is inserted to replace the null onset. This process is treated as if there is no word boundary, and thus the presence of the epenthetic nasal lowers the preceding vowel if it is high, while in other instances word boundaries would prevent this.
*/satawu/ + /ulunasa/ = [sa.daˈgʷɔ ŋu.lɔˈna.sa]
**/satawu/ + /ŋaᵐpinasa/ = [sa.daˈgʷu ˈŋa.ᵐpi.na.zə]

==== Loanwords ====
Due to the nature of this syllable structure non-conforming loanwords are often heavily altered; although it should be noted that calques are extremely more common in favor of familiarity when possible.
Note the insertion of /u/ to break apart clusters and avoid final consonants in the following example.

*Helicopter: /ˈhɛlɪˌkɑptɚ/ > '''alikuputalu'' /ʔalikuputalu/, [ˈʔa.li.gu.bu.da.lu]

==== Stress ====
Lexical stress in Pangali falls on the final syllable of the root, and this remains true even if derivational suffixes apply.

= Numbers =
Filler text is text that shares some characteristics of a real written text, but is random or otherwise generated. It may be used to display a sample of fonts, generate text for testing, or to spoof an e-mail spam filter. The process of using filler text is sometimes called greeking, although the text itself may be nonsense, or largely Latin, as in Lorem ipsum.
= Nouns =
Filler text is text that shares some characteristics of a real written text, but is random or otherwise generated. It may be used to display a sample of fonts, generate text for testing, or to spoof an e-mail spam filter. The process of using filler text is sometimes called greeking, although the text itself may be nonsense, or largely Latin, as in Lorem ipsum.
= Verbs =
While other languages such as [http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanish_Language Spanish] follow a [http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tense-Aspect-Mood Tense-Aspect-Mood (TAM)] system, in which the three categories are largely conflated amongst conjugation paradigms, Pangali primarily expresses these categories in an agglutinative fashion. Where each category can cleanly be separated morpheme by morpheme.

The 6 categories that verbs in Pangali conjugate for are: Person, Tense, Aspect, Mood, and Evidentiality.

=== Person ===
Filler text is text that shares some characteristics of a real written text, but is random or otherwise generated. It may be used to display a sample of fonts, generate text for testing, or to spoof an e-mail spam filter. The process of using filler text is sometimes called greeking, although the text itself may be nonsense, or largely Latin, as in Lorem ipsum.
=== Tense ===
Filler text is text that shares some characteristics of a real written text, but is random or otherwise generated. It may be used to display a sample of fonts, generate text for testing, or to spoof an e-mail spam filter. The process of using filler text is sometimes called greeking, although the text itself may be nonsense, or largely Latin, as in Lorem ipsum.
==== Present Tense ====
Filler text is text that shares some characteristics of a real written text, but is random or otherwise generated. It may be used to display a sample of fonts, generate text for testing, or to spoof an e-mail spam filter. The process of using filler text is sometimes called greeking, although the text itself may be nonsense, or largely Latin, as in Lorem ipsum.

==== Past Tense ====
Filler text is text that shares some characteristics of a real written text, but is random or otherwise generated. It may be used to display a sample of fonts, generate text for testing, or to spoof an e-mail spam filter. The process of using filler text is sometimes called greeking, although the text itself may be nonsense, or largely Latin, as in Lorem ipsum.

=== Aspect ===
Filler text is text that shares some characteristics of a real written text, but is random or otherwise generated. It may be used to display a sample of fonts, generate text for testing, or to spoof an e-mail spam filter. The process of using filler text is sometimes called greeking, although the text itself may be nonsense, or largely Latin, as in Lorem ipsum.
==== Episodic ====

===== Gnomic =====
===== Habitual =====

==== Stative ====

===== Inchoative =====
===== Cessative =====
===== Progressive =====
===== Continuous =====
===== Discontinuous =====

==== Relative ====

===== Retrospective =====

===== Prospective =====

=== Mood ===

=== Evidentiality ===

= Derivational Morphology =
Filler text is text that shares some characteristics of a real written text, but is random or otherwise generated. It may be used to display a sample of fonts, generate text for testing, or to spoof an e-mail spam filter. The process of using filler text is sometimes called greeking, although the text itself may be nonsense, or largely Latin, as in Lorem ipsum.
= Syntax =

=== Parameter Order ===
Pangali, in line with its use of case marking, allows its speakers to vary their choice of word order. That being said, the default and most neutral order is OSV (Object-Subject-Verb):

'''Dimumi wabuśi kasuwiśikawi'''

animal-ACC father.ERG CAUS-eat

''The father is feeding the animal''

'''Ńakukumami wabuśi iśikawi su unańalu namulinawi'''

1P.GEN-apple-ACC father.ERG CAUS-eat REL INTRANS-I fear

''I fear that my father is eating my apple.''

=== Topicalization ===
With the exception of the verb, which must be in the final position of a clause, phrases that are emphasized generally come first in a sentence.

'''Śikimi baúmaliku śuwiwaúśuwi''' (Neutral)

child-ACC bird.ERG DIM-bite

''The bird nipped the child''

-

'''Baúmaliku śikimi śuwiwaúśuwi''' (Emphasis on '''baúmaliku''')

bird.ERG child-ACC DIM-bite

''It was the bird that nipped the child''

Pangali

2019-09-09T09:07:16Z

Kóði: /* Romanization */

[[Category:Languages]]
[[Category:Conlangs]]
[[Category:Artlangs]]
[[Category:A_priori]]
[[Category:Language_Isolate]]

{{Infobox language
|name = Pangali
|nativename = Ńipańalusuâ, Pańali
|pronunciation = [ŋi.ba.ŋa.lu.zʉˈʔa], [pa.ŋaˈli]
|creator = [[User:Kóði|Sámuel Hiette Kannosíni]] 
|created = August 8th, 2019
|setting =
|fam1 = [[Language Isolate]]
|script = [[w:Latin script|Latin script]] (Romanization, academic)
|brcl = blue
}}

'''Pangali''' (English: /pɑŋˈgɑli/, /peɪŋˈgɑli/, or /pɛnˈgɑli/) is <s>a poorly made attempt at channeling the creator's artistic nature</s> a constructed language developed by Sámuel Hiette Kannosíni for the purposes of his own <s>gasket-blowing frustration</s> enjoyment and glee.
= Introduction =
<big><center> '''[WARNING - ACHTUNG - AVERTISSEMENT]''' </center></big>
This article is '''very much''' a WIP, examples being inconsistency in formatting/style and references to features not yet fleshed out, as well as some small mentionings of a dialect called Luâi. I '''''realize''''' this is the case, however as someone who has ADHD (primarily inattentive type for the curious informed) and is ''extremely'' busy, my ability to consistently and coherently update this article is abysmal at best.

Thanks for understanding, people who obviously care as much as I do! /s

=== Fictional Setting ===
The Pangali language is the language used by the Pangalu, or the Pangali people, an indigenous people of the Pangali island chain, which is located roughly five hundred and thirty kilometers due west of the Phillipines.
Until 2003 they were considered an uncontacted people, but on March 17th, 2003 an exploratory party onboard a rudimentary sailing vessel voyaged from the northern island of Baluwikaûnu towards the Phillipines. Enroute to their destination, however, they were intercepted by the Philippine Coast Guard some two hundred kilometers northeast of the coast of Tandag City and, controversially, detained for a period of 5 months and 23 days.

Official justification for the length of the detainment was given by the Phillipine Department of Foreign Affairs (DFA) soon after the party’s release, stating:

<blockquote>“Due to the immense language and cultural barrier, as well as concern for the potential spread of disease to the isolated people, and questions regarding their motivation for travel made difficult by the aforementioned barriers, quarantine and detainment procedures were deemed not only the most efficient course of action, but also the safest, for all parties involved.”</blockquote>

The following months gave rise to an increase of international attention surrounding the Pangali people and the continuing communication efforts between them and the Philippine Government. It was later announced by the Philippine DFA that the isolated tribe “no longer wishes to be isolated”, and thus were subsequently placed underneath an international spotlight.

Naturally with the indigenous people now slowly but surely increasing contact with the modern world, records of their culture and language are a must in order to maintain a positive relationship, and thus the purpose of this wiki is, succinctly summarized, to address the linguistic side of such matters.

=== Classification ===
The language is classified as an agglutinative language isolate with a tripartite morphosyntatic alignment that declines nouns under a 12 case system and conjugates verbs for person, tense, aspect, and mood. Adjectives are not inflected and have zero-grade derivation for adverbial phrases.
The primary word order is OSV, however due to nouns being heavily inflected other word orders are possible, with SOV being the most prominently encountered alternate order. Whereas in many languages adpositions are used to indicate different relations between phrases, Pangali typically makes use of existing cases or a variation of Suffixaufnahme (also known as case stacking), wherein different cases are combined to carry the function of an adpositional function not normally covered by the standard twelve.

= Phonology =
In spite of its status as a language isolate, the phonological system of Pangali isn't terribly special in comparison to its neighbors in the Philippines or Australia. A simple syllable structure, few (phonemic) vowels, a fair amount of consonants, and stable vowel quality make this language both interesting and soundly (''ha, pun!'') mundane all at the same time.
=== Phoneme Inventory ===
Pangali's consonant inventory weighs in at a respectable 21 phonemic consonants. A unique feature that may be noted is the presence of phonemic prenasalized stops.

The vowels, on the other hand, number only three in terms of phonemic units. As with many languages with small vowel inventories, what vowels that Pangali does have are subject to significant allophonic variation.
{| class="wikitable" style="margin-left:auto; margin-right: auto; border: none; text-align:center"
|+Pangali Consonant Inventory
|-
! colspan=2 |
! Labial
! Alveolar
! Velar
! Glottal
|-
! colspan=2|Nasal
| m {{angbr|m}}
| n {{angbr|n}}
| ŋ {{angbr|ń}}
|
|-
! rowspan=2 | Plosive
! Plain
| p {{angbr|p}}
| t {{angbr|t}}
| k {{angbr|k}}
| ʔ {{angbr|ˆ}}
|-
! Prenasalized
| ᵐp {{angbr|b}}
| ⁿt {{angbr|d}}
| ᵑk {{angbr|g}}
|
|-
! colspan=2|Fricative
|
|
|
| h {{angbr |h}}
|-
! colspan=2|Approximant
|
|/ɹ/ {{angbr|r}}
|/w/ {{angbr|w}}
|
|-

{| class="wikitable" style="margin-left:auto; margin-right: auto; border: none; text-align:center"
|+Pangali Vowel Inventory
|-
! || Front || Back
|-
! Close
| /i/ {{angbr |i}}
| /u/ {{angbr |u}}
|-
! Open
|/a/ {{angbr |a}}
|
|-
|}

=== Romanization ===
The Pangalu currently have no official writing system but offers to be taught the romanization used in the recorded lexicon produced by academics have been met with enthusiasim.

=== Allophonic Variation ===
==== Plosives ====
Obstruents are the most unstable aspect of Pangali's phonological inventory, with a total of nine different allophonic realizations based on stress alone.
===== Sonorization =====
Standard Pangali: Plain voiceless plosives become voiced in intervocalic positions.

{| class="wikitable" style="float:center; border: none; text-align:center"
|-
!Shift
!Example
|-
!/p/ → [b]
|/ʔu'''p'''a/ → [ʔuˈ'''b'''a]
|-
!/t/ → [d]
|/huwu'''t'''uwi/ → [hu.wu.'''d'''uˈvi]1
|-
!/k/ → [g]
|/ⁿta'''k'''u/ → [ⁿtaˈ'''g'''u]
|-
|}

===== Dissimilation =====
[WIP]

Word initially, /p t k/ shift to [f s x] when the following syllable shares the same onset. Under the same conditions intervocalically, /p t k/ instead shift to [p͡f t͡s k͡x]:
{| class="wikitable" style="float:center; border: none; text-align:center"
|-
!Word Initial
!Example
!Intervocalic
!Example
|-
!/p/ → [f]
|/'''p'''apa/ → ['''f'''aˈba]
!/p/ → [p͡f]
|/ᵐpi'''p'''apa/ → [ᵐpi.'''p͡f'''aˈba]
|-
!/t/ → [s]
|/'''t'''u.tiɹa/ → ['''s'''u.diˈɹa]
!/t/ → [t͡s]
|/ᵐpi'''t'''u.tiɹa/ → [ᵐpi.'''t͡s'''u.diˈɹa]
|-
! /k/ → [x]
|/'''k'''uka/ → ['''x'''uˈga]
!/k/ → [k͡x]
|/ᵐpi'''k'''uka/ → [ᵐpi.'''k͡x'''uˈga]
|-
|}

It is theorized that /p t k/ originally affricated in all positions but later spirantized in word initial.

==== Labio-Velar Fortition ====
/w/ fortifies to [gʷ] preceding /u/ and to [v] before /i a/ when occuring in a stressed syllable:

{|class="wikitable" style="float:center; border: none; text-align:center"
! Shifts
! colspan=2 | Examples
|-
! rowspan=2 | /w/ → [v]
|/pa'''w'''a/ → [paˈ'''v'''a]
|-
|/ki'''w'''i/ → [kiˈ'''v'''i]
|-
! rowspan=2 | /w/ → [gʷ]
|/iɹata'''w'''u/ → [i.ɹa.daˈ'''ɡʷ'''u]
|-
|/ni'''w'''u/ → [niˈ'''gʷ'''u]
|-
|}

==== Vowels ====

==== Centralization ====
Vowels preceding /ʔ/ are centralized. /a/ is both centralized and raised:

{| class="wikitable" style="float:center; border: none; text-align:center"
|-
!Shift
!Example
|-
!/a/ → [ɐ]
|/h'''a'''ʔamu/ → [h'''ɐ'''.ʔaˈmu]2
|-
!/u/ → [ʉ]
|/han'''u'''ʔa/ → [ha.n'''ʉ'''ˈʔa]2
|-
!/i/ → [ɨ]
|/p'''i'''ʔa/ → [p'''ɨ'''ˈʔa]
|-
|}

==== Lowering ====
/i/ and /u/ are lowered to [ɛ] and [ɔ], respectively, when preceding nasals and prenasalized consonants:

{| class="wikitable" style="float:center; border: none; text-align:center"
|-
!Shift
!colspan=2 | Examples
|-
!/i/ → [ɛ]
|/h'''i'''ⁿtu/ → [h'''ɛ'''ˈⁿtu] || /tat'''i'''nu/ → [sa.d'''ɛ'''ˈnu]
|-
!/u/ → [ɔ]
|/ʔ'''u'''ŋa/ → [ʔ'''ɔ'''ˈŋa] || /k'''u'''maki/ → [k'''ɔ'''.maˈgi]
|-
|}

=== Phonotactics ===

==== Syllable Structure ====
Pangali has a (C)V structure, where a syllable can only contain one vowel, which may or may not be preceded by a consonant. Word initial syllables may occur with either a null onset or with any single consonant, while word internal syllables may only occur with single consonant onsets. Codas are forbidden in any context, with all syllables being open. This is true even for geminate consonants, thus they are analyzed as single consonants as opposed to a sequence of [VC.CV].
==== Epenthesis ====
In instances where a word ending in a null coda (i.e. all words) is followed by a word beginning with a null onset, an epenthetic /ŋ/ is inserted to replace the null onset. This process is treated as if there is no word boundary, and thus the presence of the epenthetic nasal lowers the preceding vowel if it is high, while in other instances word boundaries would prevent this.
*/satawu/ + /ulunasa/ = [sa.daˈgʷɔ ŋu.lɔˈna.sa]
**/satawu/ + /ŋaᵐpinasa/ = [sa.daˈgʷu ˈŋa.ᵐpi.na.zə]

==== Loanwords ====
Due to the nature of this syllable structure non-conforming loanwords are often heavily altered; although it should be noted that calques are extremely more common in favor of familiarity when possible.
Note the insertion of /u/ to break apart clusters and avoid final consonants in the following example.

*Helicopter: /ˈhɛlɪˌkɑptɚ/ > '''alikuputalu'' /ʔalikuputalu/, [ˈʔa.li.gu.bu.da.lu]

==== Stress ====
Lexical stress in Pangali falls on the final syllable of the root, and this remains true even if derivational suffixes apply.

= Numbers =
Filler text is text that shares some characteristics of a real written text, but is random or otherwise generated. It may be used to display a sample of fonts, generate text for testing, or to spoof an e-mail spam filter. The process of using filler text is sometimes called greeking, although the text itself may be nonsense, or largely Latin, as in Lorem ipsum.
= Nouns =
Filler text is text that shares some characteristics of a real written text, but is random or otherwise generated. It may be used to display a sample of fonts, generate text for testing, or to spoof an e-mail spam filter. The process of using filler text is sometimes called greeking, although the text itself may be nonsense, or largely Latin, as in Lorem ipsum.
= Verbs =
While other languages such as [http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanish_Language Spanish] follow a [http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tense-Aspect-Mood Tense-Aspect-Mood (TAM)] system, in which the three categories are largely conflated amongst conjugation paradigms, Pangali primarily expresses these categories in an agglutinative fashion. Where each category can cleanly be separated morpheme by morpheme.

The 6 categories that verbs in Pangali conjugate for are: Person, Tense, Aspect, Mood, and Evidentiality.

=== Person ===
Filler text is text that shares some characteristics of a real written text, but is random or otherwise generated. It may be used to display a sample of fonts, generate text for testing, or to spoof an e-mail spam filter. The process of using filler text is sometimes called greeking, although the text itself may be nonsense, or largely Latin, as in Lorem ipsum.
=== Tense ===
Filler text is text that shares some characteristics of a real written text, but is random or otherwise generated. It may be used to display a sample of fonts, generate text for testing, or to spoof an e-mail spam filter. The process of using filler text is sometimes called greeking, although the text itself may be nonsense, or largely Latin, as in Lorem ipsum.
==== Present Tense ====
Filler text is text that shares some characteristics of a real written text, but is random or otherwise generated. It may be used to display a sample of fonts, generate text for testing, or to spoof an e-mail spam filter. The process of using filler text is sometimes called greeking, although the text itself may be nonsense, or largely Latin, as in Lorem ipsum.

==== Past Tense ====
Filler text is text that shares some characteristics of a real written text, but is random or otherwise generated. It may be used to display a sample of fonts, generate text for testing, or to spoof an e-mail spam filter. The process of using filler text is sometimes called greeking, although the text itself may be nonsense, or largely Latin, as in Lorem ipsum.

=== Aspect ===
Filler text is text that shares some characteristics of a real written text, but is random or otherwise generated. It may be used to display a sample of fonts, generate text for testing, or to spoof an e-mail spam filter. The process of using filler text is sometimes called greeking, although the text itself may be nonsense, or largely Latin, as in Lorem ipsum.
==== Episodic ====

===== Gnomic =====
===== Habitual =====

==== Stative ====

===== Inchoative =====
===== Cessative =====
===== Progressive =====
===== Continuous =====
===== Discontinuous =====

==== Relative ====

===== Retrospective =====

===== Prospective =====

=== Mood ===

=== Evidentiality ===

= Derivational Morphology =
Filler text is text that shares some characteristics of a real written text, but is random or otherwise generated. It may be used to display a sample of fonts, generate text for testing, or to spoof an e-mail spam filter. The process of using filler text is sometimes called greeking, although the text itself may be nonsense, or largely Latin, as in Lorem ipsum.
= Syntax =

=== Parameter Order ===
Pangali, in line with its use of case marking, allows its speakers to vary their choice of word order. That being said, the default and most neutral order is OSV (Object-Subject-Verb):

'''Dimumi wabuśi kasuwiśikawi'''

animal-ACC father.ERG CAUS-eat

''The father is feeding the animal''

'''Ńakukumami wabuśi iśikawi su unańalu namulinawi'''

1P.GEN-apple-ACC father.ERG CAUS-eat REL INTRANS-I fear

''I fear that my father is eating my apple.''

=== Topicalization ===
With the exception of the verb, which must be in the final position of a clause, phrases that are emphasized generally come first in a sentence.

'''Śikimi baúmaliku śuwiwaúśuwi''' (Neutral)

child-ACC bird.ERG DIM-bite

''The bird nipped the child''

-

'''Baúmaliku śikimi śuwiwaúśuwi''' (Emphasis on '''baúmaliku''')

bird.ERG child-ACC DIM-bite

''It was the bird that nipped the child''

Pangali

2019-09-09T09:01:11Z

Kóði: /* Allophonic Variation */

[[Category:Languages]]
[[Category:Conlangs]]
[[Category:Artlangs]]
[[Category:A_priori]]
[[Category:Language_Isolate]]

{{Infobox language
|name = Pangali
|nativename = Ńipańalusuâ, Pańali
|pronunciation = [ŋi.ba.ŋa.lu.zʉˈʔa], [pa.ŋaˈli]
|creator = [[User:Kóði|Sámuel Hiette Kannosíni]] 
|created = August 8th, 2019
|setting =
|fam1 = [[Language Isolate]]
|script = [[w:Latin script|Latin script]] (Romanization, academic)
|brcl = blue
}}

'''Pangali''' (English: /pɑŋˈgɑli/, /peɪŋˈgɑli/, or /pɛnˈgɑli/) is <s>a poorly made attempt at channeling the creator's artistic nature</s> a constructed language developed by Sámuel Hiette Kannosíni for the purposes of his own <s>gasket-blowing frustration</s> enjoyment and glee.
= Introduction =
<big><center> '''[WARNING - ACHTUNG - AVERTISSEMENT]''' </center></big>
This article is '''very much''' a WIP, examples being inconsistency in formatting/style and references to features not yet fleshed out, as well as some small mentionings of a dialect called Luâi. I '''''realize''''' this is the case, however as someone who has ADHD (primarily inattentive type for the curious informed) and is ''extremely'' busy, my ability to consistently and coherently update this article is abysmal at best.

Thanks for understanding, people who obviously care as much as I do! /s

=== Fictional Setting ===
The Pangali language is the language used by the Pangalu, or the Pangali people, an indigenous people of the Pangali island chain, which is located roughly five hundred and thirty kilometers due west of the Phillipines.
Until 2003 they were considered an uncontacted people, but on March 17th, 2003 an exploratory party onboard a rudimentary sailing vessel voyaged from the northern island of Baluwikaûnu towards the Phillipines. Enroute to their destination, however, they were intercepted by the Philippine Coast Guard some two hundred kilometers northeast of the coast of Tandag City and, controversially, detained for a period of 5 months and 23 days.

Official justification for the length of the detainment was given by the Phillipine Department of Foreign Affairs (DFA) soon after the party’s release, stating:

<blockquote>“Due to the immense language and cultural barrier, as well as concern for the potential spread of disease to the isolated people, and questions regarding their motivation for travel made difficult by the aforementioned barriers, quarantine and detainment procedures were deemed not only the most efficient course of action, but also the safest, for all parties involved.”</blockquote>

The following months gave rise to an increase of international attention surrounding the Pangali people and the continuing communication efforts between them and the Philippine Government. It was later announced by the Philippine DFA that the isolated tribe “no longer wishes to be isolated”, and thus were subsequently placed underneath an international spotlight.

Naturally with the indigenous people now slowly but surely increasing contact with the modern world, records of their culture and language are a must in order to maintain a positive relationship, and thus the purpose of this wiki is, succinctly summarized, to address the linguistic side of such matters.

=== Classification ===
The language is classified as an agglutinative language isolate with a tripartite morphosyntatic alignment that declines nouns under a 12 case system and conjugates verbs for person, tense, aspect, and mood. Adjectives are not inflected and have zero-grade derivation for adverbial phrases.
The primary word order is OSV, however due to nouns being heavily inflected other word orders are possible, with SOV being the most prominently encountered alternate order. Whereas in many languages adpositions are used to indicate different relations between phrases, Pangali typically makes use of existing cases or a variation of Suffixaufnahme (also known as case stacking), wherein different cases are combined to carry the function of an adpositional function not normally covered by the standard twelve.

= Phonology =
In spite of its status as a language isolate, the phonological system of Pangali isn't terribly special in comparison to its neighbors in the Philippines or Australia. A simple syllable structure, few (phonemic) vowels, a fair amount of consonants, and stable vowel quality make this language both interesting and soundly (''ha, pun!'') mundane all at the same time.
=== Phoneme Inventory ===
Pangali's consonant inventory weighs in at a respectable 21 phonemic consonants. A unique feature that may be noted is the presence of phonemic prenasalized stops.

The vowels, on the other hand, number only three in terms of phonemic units. As with many languages with small vowel inventories, what vowels that Pangali does have are subject to significant allophonic variation.
{| class="wikitable" style="margin-left:auto; margin-right: auto; border: none; text-align:center"
|+Pangali Consonant Inventory
|-
! colspan=2 |
! Labial
! Alveolar
! Velar
! Glottal
|-
! colspan=2|Nasal
| m {{angbr|m}}
| n {{angbr|n}}
| ŋ {{angbr|ń}}
|
|-
! rowspan=2 | Plosive
! Plain
| p {{angbr|p}}
| t {{angbr|t}}
| k {{angbr|k}}
| ʔ {{angbr|ˆ}}
|-
! Prenasalized
| ᵐp {{angbr|b}}
| ⁿt {{angbr|d}}
| ᵑk {{angbr|g}}
|
|-
! colspan=2|Fricative
|
|
|
| h {{angbr |h}}
|-
! colspan=2|Approximant
|
|/ɹ/ {{angbr|r}}
|/w/ {{angbr|w}}
|
|-

{| class="wikitable" style="margin-left:auto; margin-right: auto; border: none; text-align:center"
|+Pangali Vowel Inventory
|-
! || Front || Back
|-
! Close
| /i/ {{angbr |i}}
| /u/ {{angbr |u}}
|-
! Open
|/a/ {{angbr |a}}
|
|-
|}

=== Romanization ===
The Pangalu have no writing system and due to cultural reasons have declined offers to be taught the Romanization provided by academics. Despite this, field linguists who have begun the process of recording the language have developed a relatively intuitive Romanization system for use in records of the language.

=== Allophonic Variation ===
==== Plosives ====
Obstruents are the most unstable aspect of Pangali's phonological inventory, with a total of nine different allophonic realizations based on stress alone.
===== Sonorization =====
Standard Pangali: Plain voiceless plosives become voiced in intervocalic positions.

{| class="wikitable" style="float:center; border: none; text-align:center"
|-
!Shift
!Example
|-
!/p/ → [b]
|/ʔu'''p'''a/ → [ʔuˈ'''b'''a]
|-
!/t/ → [d]
|/huwu'''t'''uwi/ → [hu.wu.'''d'''uˈvi]1
|-
!/k/ → [g]
|/ⁿta'''k'''u/ → [ⁿtaˈ'''g'''u]
|-
|}

===== Dissimilation =====
[WIP]

Word initially, /p t k/ shift to [f s x] when the following syllable shares the same onset. Under the same conditions intervocalically, /p t k/ instead shift to [p͡f t͡s k͡x]:
{| class="wikitable" style="float:center; border: none; text-align:center"
|-
!Word Initial
!Example
!Intervocalic
!Example
|-
!/p/ → [f]
|/'''p'''apa/ → ['''f'''aˈba]
!/p/ → [p͡f]
|/ᵐpi'''p'''apa/ → [ᵐpi.'''p͡f'''aˈba]
|-
!/t/ → [s]
|/'''t'''u.tiɹa/ → ['''s'''u.diˈɹa]
!/t/ → [t͡s]
|/ᵐpi'''t'''u.tiɹa/ → [ᵐpi.'''t͡s'''u.diˈɹa]
|-
! /k/ → [x]
|/'''k'''uka/ → ['''x'''uˈga]
!/k/ → [k͡x]
|/ᵐpi'''k'''uka/ → [ᵐpi.'''k͡x'''uˈga]
|-
|}

It is theorized that /p t k/ originally affricated in all positions but later spirantized in word initial.

==== Labio-Velar Fortition ====
/w/ fortifies to [gʷ] preceding /u/ and to [v] before /i a/ when occuring in a stressed syllable:

{|class="wikitable" style="float:center; border: none; text-align:center"
! Shifts
! colspan=2 | Examples
|-
! rowspan=2 | /w/ → [v]
|/pa'''w'''a/ → [paˈ'''v'''a]
|-
|/ki'''w'''i/ → [kiˈ'''v'''i]
|-
! rowspan=2 | /w/ → [gʷ]
|/iɹata'''w'''u/ → [i.ɹa.daˈ'''ɡʷ'''u]
|-
|/ni'''w'''u/ → [niˈ'''gʷ'''u]
|-
|}

==== Vowels ====

==== Centralization ====
Vowels preceding /ʔ/ are centralized. /a/ is both centralized and raised:

{| class="wikitable" style="float:center; border: none; text-align:center"
|-
!Shift
!Example
|-
!/a/ → [ɐ]
|/h'''a'''ʔamu/ → [h'''ɐ'''.ʔaˈmu]2
|-
!/u/ → [ʉ]
|/han'''u'''ʔa/ → [ha.n'''ʉ'''ˈʔa]2
|-
!/i/ → [ɨ]
|/p'''i'''ʔa/ → [p'''ɨ'''ˈʔa]
|-
|}

==== Lowering ====
/i/ and /u/ are lowered to [ɛ] and [ɔ], respectively, when preceding nasals and prenasalized consonants:

{| class="wikitable" style="float:center; border: none; text-align:center"
|-
!Shift
!colspan=2 | Examples
|-
!/i/ → [ɛ]
|/h'''i'''ⁿtu/ → [h'''ɛ'''ˈⁿtu] || /tat'''i'''nu/ → [sa.d'''ɛ'''ˈnu]
|-
!/u/ → [ɔ]
|/ʔ'''u'''ŋa/ → [ʔ'''ɔ'''ˈŋa] || /k'''u'''maki/ → [k'''ɔ'''.maˈgi]
|-
|}

=== Phonotactics ===

==== Syllable Structure ====
Pangali has a (C)V structure, where a syllable can only contain one vowel, which may or may not be preceded by a consonant. Word initial syllables may occur with either a null onset or with any single consonant, while word internal syllables may only occur with single consonant onsets. Codas are forbidden in any context, with all syllables being open. This is true even for geminate consonants, thus they are analyzed as single consonants as opposed to a sequence of [VC.CV].
==== Epenthesis ====
In instances where a word ending in a null coda (i.e. all words) is followed by a word beginning with a null onset, an epenthetic /ŋ/ is inserted to replace the null onset. This process is treated as if there is no word boundary, and thus the presence of the epenthetic nasal lowers the preceding vowel if it is high, while in other instances word boundaries would prevent this.
*/satawu/ + /ulunasa/ = [sa.daˈgʷɔ ŋu.lɔˈna.sa]
**/satawu/ + /ŋaᵐpinasa/ = [sa.daˈgʷu ˈŋa.ᵐpi.na.zə]

==== Loanwords ====
Due to the nature of this syllable structure non-conforming loanwords are often heavily altered; although it should be noted that calques are extremely more common in favor of familiarity when possible.
Note the insertion of /u/ to break apart clusters and avoid final consonants in the following example.

*Helicopter: /ˈhɛlɪˌkɑptɚ/ > '''alikuputalu'' /ʔalikuputalu/, [ˈʔa.li.gu.bu.da.lu]

==== Stress ====
Lexical stress in Pangali falls on the final syllable of the root, and this remains true even if derivational suffixes apply.

= Numbers =
Filler text is text that shares some characteristics of a real written text, but is random or otherwise generated. It may be used to display a sample of fonts, generate text for testing, or to spoof an e-mail spam filter. The process of using filler text is sometimes called greeking, although the text itself may be nonsense, or largely Latin, as in Lorem ipsum.
= Nouns =
Filler text is text that shares some characteristics of a real written text, but is random or otherwise generated. It may be used to display a sample of fonts, generate text for testing, or to spoof an e-mail spam filter. The process of using filler text is sometimes called greeking, although the text itself may be nonsense, or largely Latin, as in Lorem ipsum.
= Verbs =
While other languages such as [http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanish_Language Spanish] follow a [http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tense-Aspect-Mood Tense-Aspect-Mood (TAM)] system, in which the three categories are largely conflated amongst conjugation paradigms, Pangali primarily expresses these categories in an agglutinative fashion. Where each category can cleanly be separated morpheme by morpheme.

The 6 categories that verbs in Pangali conjugate for are: Person, Tense, Aspect, Mood, and Evidentiality.

=== Person ===
Filler text is text that shares some characteristics of a real written text, but is random or otherwise generated. It may be used to display a sample of fonts, generate text for testing, or to spoof an e-mail spam filter. The process of using filler text is sometimes called greeking, although the text itself may be nonsense, or largely Latin, as in Lorem ipsum.
=== Tense ===
Filler text is text that shares some characteristics of a real written text, but is random or otherwise generated. It may be used to display a sample of fonts, generate text for testing, or to spoof an e-mail spam filter. The process of using filler text is sometimes called greeking, although the text itself may be nonsense, or largely Latin, as in Lorem ipsum.
==== Present Tense ====
Filler text is text that shares some characteristics of a real written text, but is random or otherwise generated. It may be used to display a sample of fonts, generate text for testing, or to spoof an e-mail spam filter. The process of using filler text is sometimes called greeking, although the text itself may be nonsense, or largely Latin, as in Lorem ipsum.

==== Past Tense ====
Filler text is text that shares some characteristics of a real written text, but is random or otherwise generated. It may be used to display a sample of fonts, generate text for testing, or to spoof an e-mail spam filter. The process of using filler text is sometimes called greeking, although the text itself may be nonsense, or largely Latin, as in Lorem ipsum.

=== Aspect ===
Filler text is text that shares some characteristics of a real written text, but is random or otherwise generated. It may be used to display a sample of fonts, generate text for testing, or to spoof an e-mail spam filter. The process of using filler text is sometimes called greeking, although the text itself may be nonsense, or largely Latin, as in Lorem ipsum.
==== Episodic ====

===== Gnomic =====
===== Habitual =====

==== Stative ====

===== Inchoative =====
===== Cessative =====
===== Progressive =====
===== Continuous =====
===== Discontinuous =====

==== Relative ====

===== Retrospective =====

===== Prospective =====

=== Mood ===

=== Evidentiality ===

= Derivational Morphology =
Filler text is text that shares some characteristics of a real written text, but is random or otherwise generated. It may be used to display a sample of fonts, generate text for testing, or to spoof an e-mail spam filter. The process of using filler text is sometimes called greeking, although the text itself may be nonsense, or largely Latin, as in Lorem ipsum.
= Syntax =

=== Parameter Order ===
Pangali, in line with its use of case marking, allows its speakers to vary their choice of word order. That being said, the default and most neutral order is OSV (Object-Subject-Verb):

'''Dimumi wabuśi kasuwiśikawi'''

animal-ACC father.ERG CAUS-eat

''The father is feeding the animal''

'''Ńakukumami wabuśi iśikawi su unańalu namulinawi'''

1P.GEN-apple-ACC father.ERG CAUS-eat REL INTRANS-I fear

''I fear that my father is eating my apple.''

=== Topicalization ===
With the exception of the verb, which must be in the final position of a clause, phrases that are emphasized generally come first in a sentence.

'''Śikimi baúmaliku śuwiwaúśuwi''' (Neutral)

child-ACC bird.ERG DIM-bite

''The bird nipped the child''

-

'''Baúmaliku śikimi śuwiwaúśuwi''' (Emphasis on '''baúmaliku''')

bird.ERG child-ACC DIM-bite

''It was the bird that nipped the child''

Pangali

2019-09-09T07:45:44Z

Kóði: /* Dissimilation */

[[Category:Languages]]
[[Category:Conlangs]]
[[Category:Artlangs]]
[[Category:A_priori]]
[[Category:Language_Isolate]]

{{Infobox language
|name = Pangali
|nativename = Ńipańalusuâ, Pańali
|pronunciation = [ŋi.ba.ŋa.lu.zʉˈʔa], [pa.ŋaˈli]
|creator = [[User:Kóði|Sámuel Hiette Kannosíni]] 
|created = August 8th, 2019
|setting =
|fam1 = [[Language Isolate]]
|script = [[w:Latin script|Latin script]] (Romanization, academic)
|brcl = blue
}}

'''Pangali''' (English: /pɑŋˈgɑli/, /peɪŋˈgɑli/, or /pɛnˈgɑli/) is <s>a poorly made attempt at channeling the creator's artistic nature</s> a constructed language developed by Sámuel Hiette Kannosíni for the purposes of his own <s>gasket-blowing frustration</s> enjoyment and glee.
= Introduction =
<big><center> '''[WARNING - ACHTUNG - AVERTISSEMENT]''' </center></big>
This article is '''very much''' a WIP, examples being inconsistency in formatting/style and references to features not yet fleshed out, as well as some small mentionings of a dialect called Luâi. I '''''realize''''' this is the case, however as someone who has ADHD (primarily inattentive type for the curious informed) and is ''extremely'' busy, my ability to consistently and coherently update this article is abysmal at best.

Thanks for understanding, people who obviously care as much as I do! /s

=== Fictional Setting ===
The Pangali language is the language used by the Pangalu, or the Pangali people, an indigenous people of the Pangali island chain, which is located roughly five hundred and thirty kilometers due west of the Phillipines.
Until 2003 they were considered an uncontacted people, but on March 17th, 2003 an exploratory party onboard a rudimentary sailing vessel voyaged from the northern island of Baluwikaûnu towards the Phillipines. Enroute to their destination, however, they were intercepted by the Philippine Coast Guard some two hundred kilometers northeast of the coast of Tandag City and, controversially, detained for a period of 5 months and 23 days.

Official justification for the length of the detainment was given by the Phillipine Department of Foreign Affairs (DFA) soon after the party’s release, stating:

<blockquote>“Due to the immense language and cultural barrier, as well as concern for the potential spread of disease to the isolated people, and questions regarding their motivation for travel made difficult by the aforementioned barriers, quarantine and detainment procedures were deemed not only the most efficient course of action, but also the safest, for all parties involved.”</blockquote>

The following months gave rise to an increase of international attention surrounding the Pangali people and the continuing communication efforts between them and the Philippine Government. It was later announced by the Philippine DFA that the isolated tribe “no longer wishes to be isolated”, and thus were subsequently placed underneath an international spotlight.

Naturally with the indigenous people now slowly but surely increasing contact with the modern world, records of their culture and language are a must in order to maintain a positive relationship, and thus the purpose of this wiki is, succinctly summarized, to address the linguistic side of such matters.

=== Classification ===
The language is classified as an agglutinative language isolate with a tripartite morphosyntatic alignment that declines nouns under a 12 case system and conjugates verbs for person, tense, aspect, and mood. Adjectives are not inflected and have zero-grade derivation for adverbial phrases.
The primary word order is OSV, however due to nouns being heavily inflected other word orders are possible, with SOV being the most prominently encountered alternate order. Whereas in many languages adpositions are used to indicate different relations between phrases, Pangali typically makes use of existing cases or a variation of Suffixaufnahme (also known as case stacking), wherein different cases are combined to carry the function of an adpositional function not normally covered by the standard twelve.

= Phonology =
In spite of its status as a language isolate, the phonological system of Pangali isn't terribly special in comparison to its neighbors in the Philippines or Australia. A simple syllable structure, few (phonemic) vowels, a fair amount of consonants, and stable vowel quality make this language both interesting and soundly (''ha, pun!'') mundane all at the same time.
=== Phoneme Inventory ===
Pangali's consonant inventory weighs in at a respectable 21 phonemic consonants. A unique feature that may be noted is the presence of phonemic prenasalized stops.

The vowels, on the other hand, number only three in terms of phonemic units. As with many languages with small vowel inventories, what vowels that Pangali does have are subject to significant allophonic variation.
{| class="wikitable" style="margin-left:auto; margin-right: auto; border: none; text-align:center"
|+Pangali Consonant Inventory
|-
! colspan=2 |
! Labial
! Alveolar
! Velar
! Glottal
|-
! colspan=2|Nasal
| m {{angbr|m}}
| n {{angbr|n}}
| ŋ {{angbr|ń}}
|
|-
! rowspan=2 | Plosive
! Plain
| p {{angbr|p}}
| t {{angbr|t}}
| k {{angbr|k}}
| ʔ {{angbr|ˆ}}
|-
! Prenasalized
| ᵐp {{angbr|b}}
| ⁿt {{angbr|d}}
| ᵑk {{angbr|g}}
|
|-
! colspan=2|Fricative
|
|
|
| h {{angbr |h}}
|-
! colspan=2|Approximant
|
|/ɹ/ {{angbr|r}}
|/w/ {{angbr|w}}
|
|-

{| class="wikitable" style="margin-left:auto; margin-right: auto; border: none; text-align:center"
|+Pangali Vowel Inventory
|-
! || Front || Back
|-
! Close
| /i/ {{angbr |i}}
| /u/ {{angbr |u}}
|-
! Open
|/a/ {{angbr |a}}
|
|-
|}

=== Romanization ===
The Pangalu have no writing system and due to cultural reasons have declined offers to be taught the Romanization provided by academics. Despite this, field linguists who have begun the process of recording the language have developed a relatively intuitive Romanization system for use in records of the language.

=== Allophonic Variation ===
==== Obstruents ====
Obstruents are the most unstable aspect of Pangali's phonological inventory, with a total of nine different allophonic realizations based on stress alone.
===== Sonorization =====
Standard Pangali: Plain voiceless plosives become voiced in intervocalic positions.

{| class="wikitable" style="float:center; border: none; text-align:center"
|-
!Shift
!Standard Pangali
|-
|/p/ → [b]
|/ʔu'''p'''a/ → [ʔuˈ'''b'''a]
|-
|/t/ → [d]
|/huwu'''t'''uwi/ → [hu.wu.'''d'''uˈvi]
|-
|/k/ → [g]
|/ⁿta'''k'''u/ → [ⁿtaˈ'''g'''u]
|-
|}

===== Dissimilation =====
[WIP]

Word initially, /p/, /t/, /k/ shift to [f], [s] and [x], respectively, when the following syllable shares the same onset. Intervocalically, the 3 plosives affricate and remain voiceless:
{| class="wikitable" style="float:center; border: none; text-align:center"
|-
!Word Initial
!Example
!Intervocalic
!Example
|-
|/p/ → [f]
|/'''p'''apa/ → ['''f'''aˈba]
|/p/ → [p͡f]
|/ᵐpi'''p'''apa/ → [ᵐpi.'''p͡f'''aˈba]
|-
|/t/ → [s]
|/'''t'''u.tiɹa/ → ['''s'''u.diˈɹa]
|/t/ → [t͡s]
|/ᵐpi'''t'''u.tiɹa/ → [ᵐpi.'''t͡s'''u.diˈɹa]
|-
| /k/ → [x]
|/'''k'''uka/ → ['''x'''uˈga]
|/k/ → [k͡x]
|/ᵐpi'''k'''uka/ → [ᵐpi.'''k͡x'''uˈga]
|-
|}

It is theorized that the plain plosives originally affricated in all positions under these conditions but later spirantized in word initial.

==== Centralization ====
Vowels preceding /ʔ/ are centralized. /a/ is both centralized and raised:

{| class="wikitable" style="float:center; border: none; text-align:center"
|-
!Shift
!Standard Pangali
|-
|/a/ → [ɐ]
|/h'''a'''ʔamu/ → [h'''ɐ'''.ʔaˈmu]
|-
|/u/ → [ʉ]
|/han'''u'''ʔa/ → [ha.n'''ʉ'''ˈʔa]
|-
|/i/ → [ɨ]
|/p'''i'''ʔa/ → [p'''ɨ'''ˈʔa]
|-
|}

==== Lowering ====
/i/ and /u/ are lowered to [ɛ] and [ɔ], respectively, when preceding nasals and prenasalized consonants:

{| class="wikitable" style="float:center; border: none; text-align:center"
|-
!Shift
!Examples
|-
|/i/ → [ɛ]
|/h'''i'''ⁿtu/ → [h'''ɛ'''ˈⁿtu], /tat'''i'''nu/ → [t͡ʃa.d'''ɛ'''ˈnu]
|-
|/u/ → [ɔ]
|/ʔ'''u'''ŋa/ → [ʔ'''ɔ'''ˈŋa], /k'''u'''maki/ → [k'''ɔ'''.maˈgi]
|-
|}

==== Labio-Velar Fortition ====
/w/ fortifies to [gw] in stressed onset positions preceding /u/ and to [v] everywhere else:

*'''wupani''' /wupani/ = [ˈgʷu.pa.ni]
**'''wapani''' /wapani/ = [ˈva.pa.ni]
*'''isatawu''' /isatawu/ = [i.za.taˈɡʷu]
**'''lawi''' /lawi/ = [laˈvi]

==== Open Vowel Reduction ====
/a/ is reduced to /ə/ in word final syllables if the preceding syllable is unstressed:

*'''uguśala''' /uᵑkuʃala/ = [ɔ.ˈᵑku.ʃa.lə]
**'''gila''' /ᵑkila/ = [ˈᵑki.la], not *[ᵑkilə]

=== Phonotactics ===

==== Syllable Structure ====
Pangali has a (C)V structure, where a syllable can only contain one vowel, which may or may not be preceded by a consonant. Word initial syllables may occur with either a null onset or with any single consonant, while word internal syllables may only occur with single consonant onsets. Codas are forbidden in any context, with all syllables being open. This is true even for geminate consonants, thus they are analyzed as single consonants as opposed to a sequence of [VC.CV].
==== Epenthesis ====
In instances where a word ending in a null coda (i.e. all words) is followed by a word beginning with a null onset, an epenthetic /ŋ/ is inserted to replace the null onset. This process is treated as if there is no word boundary, and thus the presence of the epenthetic nasal lowers the preceding vowel if it is high, while in other instances word boundaries would prevent this.
*/satawu/ + /ulunasa/ = [sa.daˈgʷɔ ŋu.lɔˈna.sa]
**/satawu/ + /ŋaᵐpinasa/ = [sa.daˈgʷu ˈŋa.ᵐpi.na.zə]

==== Loanwords ====
Due to the nature of this syllable structure non-conforming loanwords are often heavily altered; although it should be noted that calques are extremely more common in favor of familiarity when possible.
Note the insertion of /u/ to break apart clusters and avoid final consonants in the following example.

*Helicopter: /ˈhɛlɪˌkɑptɚ/ > '''alikuputalu'' /ʔalikuputalu/, [ˈʔa.li.gu.bu.da.lu]

==== Stress ====
Lexical stress in Pangali falls on the final syllable of the root, and this remains true even if derivational suffixes apply.

= Numbers =
Filler text is text that shares some characteristics of a real written text, but is random or otherwise generated. It may be used to display a sample of fonts, generate text for testing, or to spoof an e-mail spam filter. The process of using filler text is sometimes called greeking, although the text itself may be nonsense, or largely Latin, as in Lorem ipsum.
= Nouns =
Filler text is text that shares some characteristics of a real written text, but is random or otherwise generated. It may be used to display a sample of fonts, generate text for testing, or to spoof an e-mail spam filter. The process of using filler text is sometimes called greeking, although the text itself may be nonsense, or largely Latin, as in Lorem ipsum.
= Verbs =
While other languages such as [http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanish_Language Spanish] follow a [http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tense-Aspect-Mood Tense-Aspect-Mood (TAM)] system, in which the three categories are largely conflated amongst conjugation paradigms, Pangali primarily expresses these categories in an agglutinative fashion. Where each category can cleanly be separated morpheme by morpheme.

The 6 categories that verbs in Pangali conjugate for are: Person, Tense, Aspect, Mood, and Evidentiality.

=== Person ===
Filler text is text that shares some characteristics of a real written text, but is random or otherwise generated. It may be used to display a sample of fonts, generate text for testing, or to spoof an e-mail spam filter. The process of using filler text is sometimes called greeking, although the text itself may be nonsense, or largely Latin, as in Lorem ipsum.
=== Tense ===
Filler text is text that shares some characteristics of a real written text, but is random or otherwise generated. It may be used to display a sample of fonts, generate text for testing, or to spoof an e-mail spam filter. The process of using filler text is sometimes called greeking, although the text itself may be nonsense, or largely Latin, as in Lorem ipsum.
==== Present Tense ====
Filler text is text that shares some characteristics of a real written text, but is random or otherwise generated. It may be used to display a sample of fonts, generate text for testing, or to spoof an e-mail spam filter. The process of using filler text is sometimes called greeking, although the text itself may be nonsense, or largely Latin, as in Lorem ipsum.

==== Past Tense ====
Filler text is text that shares some characteristics of a real written text, but is random or otherwise generated. It may be used to display a sample of fonts, generate text for testing, or to spoof an e-mail spam filter. The process of using filler text is sometimes called greeking, although the text itself may be nonsense, or largely Latin, as in Lorem ipsum.

=== Aspect ===
Filler text is text that shares some characteristics of a real written text, but is random or otherwise generated. It may be used to display a sample of fonts, generate text for testing, or to spoof an e-mail spam filter. The process of using filler text is sometimes called greeking, although the text itself may be nonsense, or largely Latin, as in Lorem ipsum.
==== Episodic ====

===== Gnomic =====
===== Habitual =====

==== Stative ====

===== Inchoative =====
===== Cessative =====
===== Progressive =====
===== Continuous =====
===== Discontinuous =====

==== Relative ====

===== Retrospective =====

===== Prospective =====

=== Mood ===

=== Evidentiality ===

= Derivational Morphology =
Filler text is text that shares some characteristics of a real written text, but is random or otherwise generated. It may be used to display a sample of fonts, generate text for testing, or to spoof an e-mail spam filter. The process of using filler text is sometimes called greeking, although the text itself may be nonsense, or largely Latin, as in Lorem ipsum.
= Syntax =

=== Parameter Order ===
Pangali, in line with its use of case marking, allows its speakers to vary their choice of word order. That being said, the default and most neutral order is OSV (Object-Subject-Verb):

'''Dimumi wabuśi kasuwiśikawi'''

animal-ACC father.ERG CAUS-eat

''The father is feeding the animal''

'''Ńakukumami wabuśi iśikawi su unańalu namulinawi'''

1P.GEN-apple-ACC father.ERG CAUS-eat REL INTRANS-I fear

''I fear that my father is eating my apple.''

=== Topicalization ===
With the exception of the verb, which must be in the final position of a clause, phrases that are emphasized generally come first in a sentence.

'''Śikimi baúmaliku śuwiwaúśuwi''' (Neutral)

child-ACC bird.ERG DIM-bite

''The bird nipped the child''

-

'''Baúmaliku śikimi śuwiwaúśuwi''' (Emphasis on '''baúmaliku''')

bird.ERG child-ACC DIM-bite

''It was the bird that nipped the child''

Pangali

2019-09-09T06:52:42Z

Kóði: /* Lowering */

[[Category:Languages]]
[[Category:Conlangs]]
[[Category:Artlangs]]
[[Category:A_priori]]
[[Category:Language_Isolate]]

{{Infobox language
|name = Pangali
|nativename = Ńipańalusuâ, Pańali
|pronunciation = [ŋi.ba.ŋa.lu.zʉˈʔa], [pa.ŋaˈli]
|creator = [[User:Kóði|Sámuel Hiette Kannosíni]] 
|created = August 8th, 2019
|setting =
|fam1 = [[Language Isolate]]
|script = [[w:Latin script|Latin script]] (Romanization, academic)
|brcl = blue
}}

'''Pangali''' (English: /pɑŋˈgɑli/, /peɪŋˈgɑli/, or /pɛnˈgɑli/) is <s>a poorly made attempt at channeling the creator's artistic nature</s> a constructed language developed by Sámuel Hiette Kannosíni for the purposes of his own <s>gasket-blowing frustration</s> enjoyment and glee.
= Introduction =
<big><center> '''[WARNING - ACHTUNG - AVERTISSEMENT]''' </center></big>
This article is '''very much''' a WIP, examples being inconsistency in formatting/style and references to features not yet fleshed out, as well as some small mentionings of a dialect called Luâi. I '''''realize''''' this is the case, however as someone who has ADHD (primarily inattentive type for the curious informed) and is ''extremely'' busy, my ability to consistently and coherently update this article is abysmal at best.

Thanks for understanding, people who obviously care as much as I do! /s

=== Fictional Setting ===
The Pangali language is the language used by the Pangalu, or the Pangali people, an indigenous people of the Pangali island chain, which is located roughly five hundred and thirty kilometers due west of the Phillipines.
Until 2003 they were considered an uncontacted people, but on March 17th, 2003 an exploratory party onboard a rudimentary sailing vessel voyaged from the northern island of Baluwikaûnu towards the Phillipines. Enroute to their destination, however, they were intercepted by the Philippine Coast Guard some two hundred kilometers northeast of the coast of Tandag City and, controversially, detained for a period of 5 months and 23 days.

Official justification for the length of the detainment was given by the Phillipine Department of Foreign Affairs (DFA) soon after the party’s release, stating:

<blockquote>“Due to the immense language and cultural barrier, as well as concern for the potential spread of disease to the isolated people, and questions regarding their motivation for travel made difficult by the aforementioned barriers, quarantine and detainment procedures were deemed not only the most efficient course of action, but also the safest, for all parties involved.”</blockquote>

The following months gave rise to an increase of international attention surrounding the Pangali people and the continuing communication efforts between them and the Philippine Government. It was later announced by the Philippine DFA that the isolated tribe “no longer wishes to be isolated”, and thus were subsequently placed underneath an international spotlight.

Naturally with the indigenous people now slowly but surely increasing contact with the modern world, records of their culture and language are a must in order to maintain a positive relationship, and thus the purpose of this wiki is, succinctly summarized, to address the linguistic side of such matters.

=== Classification ===
The language is classified as an agglutinative language isolate with a tripartite morphosyntatic alignment that declines nouns under a 12 case system and conjugates verbs for person, tense, aspect, and mood. Adjectives are not inflected and have zero-grade derivation for adverbial phrases.
The primary word order is OSV, however due to nouns being heavily inflected other word orders are possible, with SOV being the most prominently encountered alternate order. Whereas in many languages adpositions are used to indicate different relations between phrases, Pangali typically makes use of existing cases or a variation of Suffixaufnahme (also known as case stacking), wherein different cases are combined to carry the function of an adpositional function not normally covered by the standard twelve.

= Phonology =
In spite of its status as a language isolate, the phonological system of Pangali isn't terribly special in comparison to its neighbors in the Philippines or Australia. A simple syllable structure, few (phonemic) vowels, a fair amount of consonants, and stable vowel quality make this language both interesting and soundly (''ha, pun!'') mundane all at the same time.
=== Phoneme Inventory ===
Pangali's consonant inventory weighs in at a respectable 21 phonemic consonants. A unique feature that may be noted is the presence of phonemic prenasalized stops.

The vowels, on the other hand, number only three in terms of phonemic units. As with many languages with small vowel inventories, what vowels that Pangali does have are subject to significant allophonic variation.
{| class="wikitable" style="margin-left:auto; margin-right: auto; border: none; text-align:center"
|+Pangali Consonant Inventory
|-
! colspan=2 |
! Labial
! Alveolar
! Velar
! Glottal
|-
! colspan=2|Nasal
| m {{angbr|m}}
| n {{angbr|n}}
| ŋ {{angbr|ń}}
|
|-
! rowspan=2 | Plosive
! Plain
| p {{angbr|p}}
| t {{angbr|t}}
| k {{angbr|k}}
| ʔ {{angbr|ˆ}}
|-
! Prenasalized
| ᵐp {{angbr|b}}
| ⁿt {{angbr|d}}
| ᵑk {{angbr|g}}
|
|-
! colspan=2|Fricative
|
|
|
| h {{angbr |h}}
|-
! colspan=2|Approximant
|
|/ɹ/ {{angbr|r}}
|/w/ {{angbr|w}}
|
|-

{| class="wikitable" style="margin-left:auto; margin-right: auto; border: none; text-align:center"
|+Pangali Vowel Inventory
|-
! || Front || Back
|-
! Close
| /i/ {{angbr |i}}
| /u/ {{angbr |u}}
|-
! Open
|/a/ {{angbr |a}}
|
|-
|}

=== Romanization ===
The Pangalu have no writing system and due to cultural reasons have declined offers to be taught the Romanization provided by academics. Despite this, field linguists who have begun the process of recording the language have developed a relatively intuitive Romanization system for use in records of the language.

=== Allophonic Variation ===
==== Obstruents ====
Obstruents are the most unstable aspect of Pangali's phonological inventory, with a total of nine different allophonic realizations based on stress alone.
===== Sonorization =====
Standard Pangali: Plain voiceless plosives become voiced in intervocalic positions.

{| class="wikitable" style="float:center; border: none; text-align:center"
|-
!Shift
!Standard Pangali
|-
|/p/ → [b]
|/ʔu'''p'''a/ → [ʔuˈ'''b'''a]
|-
|/t/ → [d]
|/huwu'''t'''uwi/ → [hu.wu.'''d'''uˈvi]
|-
|/k/ → [g]
|/ⁿta'''k'''u/ → [ⁿtaˈ'''g'''u]
|-
|}

===== Dissimilation =====
[WIP]

/t/ shifts to /t͡ʃ/ word initially when the following syllable repeats the onset, but under the same conditions /p/ and /k/ become /f/ and /x/, respectively:
{| class="wikitable" style="float:center; border: none; text-align:center"
|-
!Shift
!Example
|-
|/p/ → [f]
|/'''p'''apa/ → ['''f'''aˈba]
|-
|/t/ → [t͡ʃ]
|/'''t'''u.diɹa/ → ['''t͡ʃ'''u.diˈɹa]
|-
| /k/ → [x]
|/'''k'''akuni/ → ['''x'''ɐ.gɔˈni]
|-
|}

It's theorized that all three plosives originally became affricates, but [t͡ʃ] is the only one to have resisted further spirantization.

==== Centralization ====
Vowels preceding /ʔ/ are centralized. /a/ is both centralized and raised:

{| class="wikitable" style="float:center; border: none; text-align:center"
|-
!Shift
!Standard Pangali
|-
|/a/ → [ɐ]
|/h'''a'''ʔamu/ → [h'''ɐ'''.ʔaˈmu]
|-
|/u/ → [ʉ]
|/han'''u'''ʔa/ → [ha.n'''ʉ'''ˈʔa]
|-
|/i/ → [ɨ]
|/p'''i'''ʔa/ → [p'''ɨ'''ˈʔa]
|-
|}

==== Lowering ====
/i/ and /u/ are lowered to [ɛ] and [ɔ], respectively, when preceding nasals and prenasalized consonants:

{| class="wikitable" style="float:center; border: none; text-align:center"
|-
!Shift
!Examples
|-
|/i/ → [ɛ]
|/h'''i'''ⁿtu/ → [h'''ɛ'''ˈⁿtu], /tat'''i'''nu/ → [t͡ʃa.d'''ɛ'''ˈnu]
|-
|/u/ → [ɔ]
|/ʔ'''u'''ŋa/ → [ʔ'''ɔ'''ˈŋa], /k'''u'''maki/ → [k'''ɔ'''.maˈgi]
|-
|}

==== Labio-Velar Fortition ====
/w/ fortifies to [gw] in stressed onset positions preceding /u/ and to [v] everywhere else:

*'''wupani''' /wupani/ = [ˈgʷu.pa.ni]
**'''wapani''' /wapani/ = [ˈva.pa.ni]
*'''isatawu''' /isatawu/ = [i.za.taˈɡʷu]
**'''lawi''' /lawi/ = [laˈvi]

==== Open Vowel Reduction ====
/a/ is reduced to /ə/ in word final syllables if the preceding syllable is unstressed:

*'''uguśala''' /uᵑkuʃala/ = [ɔ.ˈᵑku.ʃa.lə]
**'''gila''' /ᵑkila/ = [ˈᵑki.la], not *[ᵑkilə]

=== Phonotactics ===

==== Syllable Structure ====
Pangali has a (C)V structure, where a syllable can only contain one vowel, which may or may not be preceded by a consonant. Word initial syllables may occur with either a null onset or with any single consonant, while word internal syllables may only occur with single consonant onsets. Codas are forbidden in any context, with all syllables being open. This is true even for geminate consonants, thus they are analyzed as single consonants as opposed to a sequence of [VC.CV].
==== Epenthesis ====
In instances where a word ending in a null coda (i.e. all words) is followed by a word beginning with a null onset, an epenthetic /ŋ/ is inserted to replace the null onset. This process is treated as if there is no word boundary, and thus the presence of the epenthetic nasal lowers the preceding vowel if it is high, while in other instances word boundaries would prevent this.
*/satawu/ + /ulunasa/ = [sa.daˈgʷɔ ŋu.lɔˈna.sa]
**/satawu/ + /ŋaᵐpinasa/ = [sa.daˈgʷu ˈŋa.ᵐpi.na.zə]

==== Loanwords ====
Due to the nature of this syllable structure non-conforming loanwords are often heavily altered; although it should be noted that calques are extremely more common in favor of familiarity when possible.
Note the insertion of /u/ to break apart clusters and avoid final consonants in the following example.

*Helicopter: /ˈhɛlɪˌkɑptɚ/ > '''alikuputalu'' /ʔalikuputalu/, [ˈʔa.li.gu.bu.da.lu]

==== Stress ====
Lexical stress in Pangali falls on the final syllable of the root, and this remains true even if derivational suffixes apply.

= Numbers =
Filler text is text that shares some characteristics of a real written text, but is random or otherwise generated. It may be used to display a sample of fonts, generate text for testing, or to spoof an e-mail spam filter. The process of using filler text is sometimes called greeking, although the text itself may be nonsense, or largely Latin, as in Lorem ipsum.
= Nouns =
Filler text is text that shares some characteristics of a real written text, but is random or otherwise generated. It may be used to display a sample of fonts, generate text for testing, or to spoof an e-mail spam filter. The process of using filler text is sometimes called greeking, although the text itself may be nonsense, or largely Latin, as in Lorem ipsum.
= Verbs =
While other languages such as [http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanish_Language Spanish] follow a [http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tense-Aspect-Mood Tense-Aspect-Mood (TAM)] system, in which the three categories are largely conflated amongst conjugation paradigms, Pangali primarily expresses these categories in an agglutinative fashion. Where each category can cleanly be separated morpheme by morpheme.

The 6 categories that verbs in Pangali conjugate for are: Person, Tense, Aspect, Mood, and Evidentiality.

=== Person ===
Filler text is text that shares some characteristics of a real written text, but is random or otherwise generated. It may be used to display a sample of fonts, generate text for testing, or to spoof an e-mail spam filter. The process of using filler text is sometimes called greeking, although the text itself may be nonsense, or largely Latin, as in Lorem ipsum.
=== Tense ===
Filler text is text that shares some characteristics of a real written text, but is random or otherwise generated. It may be used to display a sample of fonts, generate text for testing, or to spoof an e-mail spam filter. The process of using filler text is sometimes called greeking, although the text itself may be nonsense, or largely Latin, as in Lorem ipsum.
==== Present Tense ====
Filler text is text that shares some characteristics of a real written text, but is random or otherwise generated. It may be used to display a sample of fonts, generate text for testing, or to spoof an e-mail spam filter. The process of using filler text is sometimes called greeking, although the text itself may be nonsense, or largely Latin, as in Lorem ipsum.

==== Past Tense ====
Filler text is text that shares some characteristics of a real written text, but is random or otherwise generated. It may be used to display a sample of fonts, generate text for testing, or to spoof an e-mail spam filter. The process of using filler text is sometimes called greeking, although the text itself may be nonsense, or largely Latin, as in Lorem ipsum.

=== Aspect ===
Filler text is text that shares some characteristics of a real written text, but is random or otherwise generated. It may be used to display a sample of fonts, generate text for testing, or to spoof an e-mail spam filter. The process of using filler text is sometimes called greeking, although the text itself may be nonsense, or largely Latin, as in Lorem ipsum.
==== Episodic ====

===== Gnomic =====
===== Habitual =====

==== Stative ====

===== Inchoative =====
===== Cessative =====
===== Progressive =====
===== Continuous =====
===== Discontinuous =====

==== Relative ====

===== Retrospective =====

===== Prospective =====

=== Mood ===

=== Evidentiality ===

= Derivational Morphology =
Filler text is text that shares some characteristics of a real written text, but is random or otherwise generated. It may be used to display a sample of fonts, generate text for testing, or to spoof an e-mail spam filter. The process of using filler text is sometimes called greeking, although the text itself may be nonsense, or largely Latin, as in Lorem ipsum.
= Syntax =

=== Parameter Order ===
Pangali, in line with its use of case marking, allows its speakers to vary their choice of word order. That being said, the default and most neutral order is OSV (Object-Subject-Verb):

'''Dimumi wabuśi kasuwiśikawi'''

animal-ACC father.ERG CAUS-eat

''The father is feeding the animal''

'''Ńakukumami wabuśi iśikawi su unańalu namulinawi'''

1P.GEN-apple-ACC father.ERG CAUS-eat REL INTRANS-I fear

''I fear that my father is eating my apple.''

=== Topicalization ===
With the exception of the verb, which must be in the final position of a clause, phrases that are emphasized generally come first in a sentence.

'''Śikimi baúmaliku śuwiwaúśuwi''' (Neutral)

child-ACC bird.ERG DIM-bite

''The bird nipped the child''

-

'''Baúmaliku śikimi śuwiwaúśuwi''' (Emphasis on '''baúmaliku''')

bird.ERG child-ACC DIM-bite

''It was the bird that nipped the child''

Pangali

2019-09-09T06:33:47Z

Kóði: /* Lowering of Close Vowels */

[[Category:Languages]]
[[Category:Conlangs]]
[[Category:Artlangs]]
[[Category:A_priori]]
[[Category:Language_Isolate]]

{{Infobox language
|name = Pangali
|nativename = Ńipańalusuâ, Pańali
|pronunciation = [ŋi.ba.ŋa.lu.zʉˈʔa], [pa.ŋaˈli]
|creator = [[User:Kóði|Sámuel Hiette Kannosíni]] 
|created = August 8th, 2019
|setting =
|fam1 = [[Language Isolate]]
|script = [[w:Latin script|Latin script]] (Romanization, academic)
|brcl = blue
}}

'''Pangali''' (English: /pɑŋˈgɑli/, /peɪŋˈgɑli/, or /pɛnˈgɑli/) is <s>a poorly made attempt at channeling the creator's artistic nature</s> a constructed language developed by Sámuel Hiette Kannosíni for the purposes of his own <s>gasket-blowing frustration</s> enjoyment and glee.
= Introduction =
<big><center> '''[WARNING - ACHTUNG - AVERTISSEMENT]''' </center></big>
This article is '''very much''' a WIP, examples being inconsistency in formatting/style and references to features not yet fleshed out, as well as some small mentionings of a dialect called Luâi. I '''''realize''''' this is the case, however as someone who has ADHD (primarily inattentive type for the curious informed) and is ''extremely'' busy, my ability to consistently and coherently update this article is abysmal at best.

Thanks for understanding, people who obviously care as much as I do! /s

=== Fictional Setting ===
The Pangali language is the language used by the Pangalu, or the Pangali people, an indigenous people of the Pangali island chain, which is located roughly five hundred and thirty kilometers due west of the Phillipines.
Until 2003 they were considered an uncontacted people, but on March 17th, 2003 an exploratory party onboard a rudimentary sailing vessel voyaged from the northern island of Baluwikaûnu towards the Phillipines. Enroute to their destination, however, they were intercepted by the Philippine Coast Guard some two hundred kilometers northeast of the coast of Tandag City and, controversially, detained for a period of 5 months and 23 days.

Official justification for the length of the detainment was given by the Phillipine Department of Foreign Affairs (DFA) soon after the party’s release, stating:

<blockquote>“Due to the immense language and cultural barrier, as well as concern for the potential spread of disease to the isolated people, and questions regarding their motivation for travel made difficult by the aforementioned barriers, quarantine and detainment procedures were deemed not only the most efficient course of action, but also the safest, for all parties involved.”</blockquote>

The following months gave rise to an increase of international attention surrounding the Pangali people and the continuing communication efforts between them and the Philippine Government. It was later announced by the Philippine DFA that the isolated tribe “no longer wishes to be isolated”, and thus were subsequently placed underneath an international spotlight.

Naturally with the indigenous people now slowly but surely increasing contact with the modern world, records of their culture and language are a must in order to maintain a positive relationship, and thus the purpose of this wiki is, succinctly summarized, to address the linguistic side of such matters.

=== Classification ===
The language is classified as an agglutinative language isolate with a tripartite morphosyntatic alignment that declines nouns under a 12 case system and conjugates verbs for person, tense, aspect, and mood. Adjectives are not inflected and have zero-grade derivation for adverbial phrases.
The primary word order is OSV, however due to nouns being heavily inflected other word orders are possible, with SOV being the most prominently encountered alternate order. Whereas in many languages adpositions are used to indicate different relations between phrases, Pangali typically makes use of existing cases or a variation of Suffixaufnahme (also known as case stacking), wherein different cases are combined to carry the function of an adpositional function not normally covered by the standard twelve.

= Phonology =
In spite of its status as a language isolate, the phonological system of Pangali isn't terribly special in comparison to its neighbors in the Philippines or Australia. A simple syllable structure, few (phonemic) vowels, a fair amount of consonants, and stable vowel quality make this language both interesting and soundly (''ha, pun!'') mundane all at the same time.
=== Phoneme Inventory ===
Pangali's consonant inventory weighs in at a respectable 21 phonemic consonants. A unique feature that may be noted is the presence of phonemic prenasalized stops.

The vowels, on the other hand, number only three in terms of phonemic units. As with many languages with small vowel inventories, what vowels that Pangali does have are subject to significant allophonic variation.
{| class="wikitable" style="margin-left:auto; margin-right: auto; border: none; text-align:center"
|+Pangali Consonant Inventory
|-
! colspan=2 |
! Labial
! Alveolar
! Velar
! Glottal
|-
! colspan=2|Nasal
| m {{angbr|m}}
| n {{angbr|n}}
| ŋ {{angbr|ń}}
|
|-
! rowspan=2 | Plosive
! Plain
| p {{angbr|p}}
| t {{angbr|t}}
| k {{angbr|k}}
| ʔ {{angbr|ˆ}}
|-
! Prenasalized
| ᵐp {{angbr|b}}
| ⁿt {{angbr|d}}
| ᵑk {{angbr|g}}
|
|-
! colspan=2|Fricative
|
|
|
| h {{angbr |h}}
|-
! colspan=2|Approximant
|
|/ɹ/ {{angbr|r}}
|/w/ {{angbr|w}}
|
|-

{| class="wikitable" style="margin-left:auto; margin-right: auto; border: none; text-align:center"
|+Pangali Vowel Inventory
|-
! || Front || Back
|-
! Close
| /i/ {{angbr |i}}
| /u/ {{angbr |u}}
|-
! Open
|/a/ {{angbr |a}}
|
|-
|}

=== Romanization ===
The Pangalu have no writing system and due to cultural reasons have declined offers to be taught the Romanization provided by academics. Despite this, field linguists who have begun the process of recording the language have developed a relatively intuitive Romanization system for use in records of the language.

=== Allophonic Variation ===
==== Obstruents ====
Obstruents are the most unstable aspect of Pangali's phonological inventory, with a total of nine different allophonic realizations based on stress alone.
===== Sonorization =====
Standard Pangali: Plain voiceless plosives become voiced in intervocalic positions.

{| class="wikitable" style="float:center; border: none; text-align:center"
|-
!Shift
!Standard Pangali
|-
|/p/ → [b]
|/ʔu'''p'''a/ → [ʔuˈ'''b'''a]
|-
|/t/ → [d]
|/huwu'''t'''uwi/ → [hu.wu.'''d'''uˈvi]
|-
|/k/ → [g]
|/ⁿta'''k'''u/ → [ⁿtaˈ'''g'''u]
|-
|}

===== Dissimilation =====
[WIP]

/t/ shifts to /t͡ʃ/ word initially when the following syllable repeats the onset, but under the same conditions /p/ and /k/ become /f/ and /x/, respectively:
{| class="wikitable" style="float:center; border: none; text-align:center"
|-
!Shift
!Example
|-
|/p/ → [f]
|/'''p'''apa/ → ['''f'''aˈba]
|-
|/t/ → [t͡ʃ]
|/'''t'''u.diɹa/ → ['''t͡ʃ'''u.diˈɹa]
|-
| /k/ → [x]
|/'''k'''akuni/ → ['''x'''ɐ.gɔˈni]
|-
|}

It's theorized that all three plosives originally became affricates, but [t͡ʃ] is the only one to have resisted further spirantization.

==== Centralization ====
Vowels preceding /ʔ/ are centralized. /a/ is both centralized and raised:

{| class="wikitable" style="float:center; border: none; text-align:center"
|-
!Shift
!Standard Pangali
|-
|/a/ → [ɐ]
|/h'''a'''ʔamu/ → [h'''ɐ'''.ʔaˈmu]
|-
|/u/ → [ʉ]
|/han'''u'''ʔa/ → [ha.n'''ʉ'''ˈʔa]
|-
|/i/ → [ɨ]
|/p'''i'''ʔa/ → [p'''ɨ'''ˈʔa]
|-
|}

==== Lowering ====
/i/ and /u/ are lowered to [ɛ] and [ɔ], respectively, when preceding nasals and prenasalized consonants:

{| class="wikitable" style="float:center; border: none; text-align:center"
|-
!Shift
!Examples
|-
|/i/ → [ɛ]
|/h'''i'''ⁿtu/ → [h'''ɛ'''ˈⁿtu], /tatinu/ → [t͡ʃa.dɛˈnu]
|-
|/u/ → [ɔ]
|/ʔ'''u'''ŋa/ → [ʔ'''ɔ'''ˈŋa], /kumaki/ → [kɔ.maˈgi]
|-
|}

==== Labio-Velar Fortition ====
/w/ fortifies to [gw] in stressed onset positions preceding /u/ and to [v] everywhere else:

*'''wupani''' /wupani/ = [ˈgʷu.pa.ni]
**'''wapani''' /wapani/ = [ˈva.pa.ni]
*'''isatawu''' /isatawu/ = [i.za.taˈɡʷu]
**'''lawi''' /lawi/ = [laˈvi]

==== Open Vowel Reduction ====
/a/ is reduced to /ə/ in word final syllables if the preceding syllable is unstressed:

*'''uguśala''' /uᵑkuʃala/ = [ɔ.ˈᵑku.ʃa.lə]
**'''gila''' /ᵑkila/ = [ˈᵑki.la], not *[ᵑkilə]

=== Phonotactics ===

==== Syllable Structure ====
Pangali has a (C)V structure, where a syllable can only contain one vowel, which may or may not be preceded by a consonant. Word initial syllables may occur with either a null onset or with any single consonant, while word internal syllables may only occur with single consonant onsets. Codas are forbidden in any context, with all syllables being open. This is true even for geminate consonants, thus they are analyzed as single consonants as opposed to a sequence of [VC.CV].
==== Epenthesis ====
In instances where a word ending in a null coda (i.e. all words) is followed by a word beginning with a null onset, an epenthetic /ŋ/ is inserted to replace the null onset. This process is treated as if there is no word boundary, and thus the presence of the epenthetic nasal lowers the preceding vowel if it is high, while in other instances word boundaries would prevent this.
*/satawu/ + /ulunasa/ = [sa.daˈgʷɔ ŋu.lɔˈna.sa]
**/satawu/ + /ŋaᵐpinasa/ = [sa.daˈgʷu ˈŋa.ᵐpi.na.zə]

==== Loanwords ====
Due to the nature of this syllable structure non-conforming loanwords are often heavily altered; although it should be noted that calques are extremely more common in favor of familiarity when possible.
Note the insertion of /u/ to break apart clusters and avoid final consonants in the following example.

*Helicopter: /ˈhɛlɪˌkɑptɚ/ > '''alikuputalu'' /ʔalikuputalu/, [ˈʔa.li.gu.bu.da.lu]

==== Stress ====
Lexical stress in Pangali falls on the final syllable of the root, and this remains true even if derivational suffixes apply.

= Numbers =
Filler text is text that shares some characteristics of a real written text, but is random or otherwise generated. It may be used to display a sample of fonts, generate text for testing, or to spoof an e-mail spam filter. The process of using filler text is sometimes called greeking, although the text itself may be nonsense, or largely Latin, as in Lorem ipsum.
= Nouns =
Filler text is text that shares some characteristics of a real written text, but is random or otherwise generated. It may be used to display a sample of fonts, generate text for testing, or to spoof an e-mail spam filter. The process of using filler text is sometimes called greeking, although the text itself may be nonsense, or largely Latin, as in Lorem ipsum.
= Verbs =
While other languages such as [http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanish_Language Spanish] follow a [http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tense-Aspect-Mood Tense-Aspect-Mood (TAM)] system, in which the three categories are largely conflated amongst conjugation paradigms, Pangali primarily expresses these categories in an agglutinative fashion. Where each category can cleanly be separated morpheme by morpheme.

The 6 categories that verbs in Pangali conjugate for are: Person, Tense, Aspect, Mood, and Evidentiality.

=== Person ===
Filler text is text that shares some characteristics of a real written text, but is random or otherwise generated. It may be used to display a sample of fonts, generate text for testing, or to spoof an e-mail spam filter. The process of using filler text is sometimes called greeking, although the text itself may be nonsense, or largely Latin, as in Lorem ipsum.
=== Tense ===
Filler text is text that shares some characteristics of a real written text, but is random or otherwise generated. It may be used to display a sample of fonts, generate text for testing, or to spoof an e-mail spam filter. The process of using filler text is sometimes called greeking, although the text itself may be nonsense, or largely Latin, as in Lorem ipsum.
==== Present Tense ====
Filler text is text that shares some characteristics of a real written text, but is random or otherwise generated. It may be used to display a sample of fonts, generate text for testing, or to spoof an e-mail spam filter. The process of using filler text is sometimes called greeking, although the text itself may be nonsense, or largely Latin, as in Lorem ipsum.

==== Past Tense ====
Filler text is text that shares some characteristics of a real written text, but is random or otherwise generated. It may be used to display a sample of fonts, generate text for testing, or to spoof an e-mail spam filter. The process of using filler text is sometimes called greeking, although the text itself may be nonsense, or largely Latin, as in Lorem ipsum.

=== Aspect ===
Filler text is text that shares some characteristics of a real written text, but is random or otherwise generated. It may be used to display a sample of fonts, generate text for testing, or to spoof an e-mail spam filter. The process of using filler text is sometimes called greeking, although the text itself may be nonsense, or largely Latin, as in Lorem ipsum.
==== Episodic ====

===== Gnomic =====
===== Habitual =====

==== Stative ====

===== Inchoative =====
===== Cessative =====
===== Progressive =====
===== Continuous =====
===== Discontinuous =====

==== Relative ====

===== Retrospective =====

===== Prospective =====

=== Mood ===

=== Evidentiality ===

= Derivational Morphology =
Filler text is text that shares some characteristics of a real written text, but is random or otherwise generated. It may be used to display a sample of fonts, generate text for testing, or to spoof an e-mail spam filter. The process of using filler text is sometimes called greeking, although the text itself may be nonsense, or largely Latin, as in Lorem ipsum.
= Syntax =

=== Parameter Order ===
Pangali, in line with its use of case marking, allows its speakers to vary their choice of word order. That being said, the default and most neutral order is OSV (Object-Subject-Verb):

'''Dimumi wabuśi kasuwiśikawi'''

animal-ACC father.ERG CAUS-eat

''The father is feeding the animal''

'''Ńakukumami wabuśi iśikawi su unańalu namulinawi'''

1P.GEN-apple-ACC father.ERG CAUS-eat REL INTRANS-I fear

''I fear that my father is eating my apple.''

=== Topicalization ===
With the exception of the verb, which must be in the final position of a clause, phrases that are emphasized generally come first in a sentence.

'''Śikimi baúmaliku śuwiwaúśuwi''' (Neutral)

child-ACC bird.ERG DIM-bite

''The bird nipped the child''

-

'''Baúmaliku śikimi śuwiwaúśuwi''' (Emphasis on '''baúmaliku''')

bird.ERG child-ACC DIM-bite

''It was the bird that nipped the child''

Pangali

2019-09-09T06:23:53Z

Kóði: /* Centralization */

[[Category:Languages]]
[[Category:Conlangs]]
[[Category:Artlangs]]
[[Category:A_priori]]
[[Category:Language_Isolate]]

{{Infobox language
|name = Pangali
|nativename = Ńipańalusuâ, Pańali
|pronunciation = [ŋi.ba.ŋa.lu.zʉˈʔa], [pa.ŋaˈli]
|creator = [[User:Kóði|Sámuel Hiette Kannosíni]] 
|created = August 8th, 2019
|setting =
|fam1 = [[Language Isolate]]
|script = [[w:Latin script|Latin script]] (Romanization, academic)
|brcl = blue
}}

'''Pangali''' (English: /pɑŋˈgɑli/, /peɪŋˈgɑli/, or /pɛnˈgɑli/) is <s>a poorly made attempt at channeling the creator's artistic nature</s> a constructed language developed by Sámuel Hiette Kannosíni for the purposes of his own <s>gasket-blowing frustration</s> enjoyment and glee.
= Introduction =
<big><center> '''[WARNING - ACHTUNG - AVERTISSEMENT]''' </center></big>
This article is '''very much''' a WIP, examples being inconsistency in formatting/style and references to features not yet fleshed out, as well as some small mentionings of a dialect called Luâi. I '''''realize''''' this is the case, however as someone who has ADHD (primarily inattentive type for the curious informed) and is ''extremely'' busy, my ability to consistently and coherently update this article is abysmal at best.

Thanks for understanding, people who obviously care as much as I do! /s

=== Fictional Setting ===
The Pangali language is the language used by the Pangalu, or the Pangali people, an indigenous people of the Pangali island chain, which is located roughly five hundred and thirty kilometers due west of the Phillipines.
Until 2003 they were considered an uncontacted people, but on March 17th, 2003 an exploratory party onboard a rudimentary sailing vessel voyaged from the northern island of Baluwikaûnu towards the Phillipines. Enroute to their destination, however, they were intercepted by the Philippine Coast Guard some two hundred kilometers northeast of the coast of Tandag City and, controversially, detained for a period of 5 months and 23 days.

Official justification for the length of the detainment was given by the Phillipine Department of Foreign Affairs (DFA) soon after the party’s release, stating:

<blockquote>“Due to the immense language and cultural barrier, as well as concern for the potential spread of disease to the isolated people, and questions regarding their motivation for travel made difficult by the aforementioned barriers, quarantine and detainment procedures were deemed not only the most efficient course of action, but also the safest, for all parties involved.”</blockquote>

The following months gave rise to an increase of international attention surrounding the Pangali people and the continuing communication efforts between them and the Philippine Government. It was later announced by the Philippine DFA that the isolated tribe “no longer wishes to be isolated”, and thus were subsequently placed underneath an international spotlight.

Naturally with the indigenous people now slowly but surely increasing contact with the modern world, records of their culture and language are a must in order to maintain a positive relationship, and thus the purpose of this wiki is, succinctly summarized, to address the linguistic side of such matters.

=== Classification ===
The language is classified as an agglutinative language isolate with a tripartite morphosyntatic alignment that declines nouns under a 12 case system and conjugates verbs for person, tense, aspect, and mood. Adjectives are not inflected and have zero-grade derivation for adverbial phrases.
The primary word order is OSV, however due to nouns being heavily inflected other word orders are possible, with SOV being the most prominently encountered alternate order. Whereas in many languages adpositions are used to indicate different relations between phrases, Pangali typically makes use of existing cases or a variation of Suffixaufnahme (also known as case stacking), wherein different cases are combined to carry the function of an adpositional function not normally covered by the standard twelve.

= Phonology =
In spite of its status as a language isolate, the phonological system of Pangali isn't terribly special in comparison to its neighbors in the Philippines or Australia. A simple syllable structure, few (phonemic) vowels, a fair amount of consonants, and stable vowel quality make this language both interesting and soundly (''ha, pun!'') mundane all at the same time.
=== Phoneme Inventory ===
Pangali's consonant inventory weighs in at a respectable 21 phonemic consonants. A unique feature that may be noted is the presence of phonemic prenasalized stops.

The vowels, on the other hand, number only three in terms of phonemic units. As with many languages with small vowel inventories, what vowels that Pangali does have are subject to significant allophonic variation.
{| class="wikitable" style="margin-left:auto; margin-right: auto; border: none; text-align:center"
|+Pangali Consonant Inventory
|-
! colspan=2 |
! Labial
! Alveolar
! Velar
! Glottal
|-
! colspan=2|Nasal
| m {{angbr|m}}
| n {{angbr|n}}
| ŋ {{angbr|ń}}
|
|-
! rowspan=2 | Plosive
! Plain
| p {{angbr|p}}
| t {{angbr|t}}
| k {{angbr|k}}
| ʔ {{angbr|ˆ}}
|-
! Prenasalized
| ᵐp {{angbr|b}}
| ⁿt {{angbr|d}}
| ᵑk {{angbr|g}}
|
|-
! colspan=2|Fricative
|
|
|
| h {{angbr |h}}
|-
! colspan=2|Approximant
|
|/ɹ/ {{angbr|r}}
|/w/ {{angbr|w}}
|
|-

{| class="wikitable" style="margin-left:auto; margin-right: auto; border: none; text-align:center"
|+Pangali Vowel Inventory
|-
! || Front || Back
|-
! Close
| /i/ {{angbr |i}}
| /u/ {{angbr |u}}
|-
! Open
|/a/ {{angbr |a}}
|
|-
|}

=== Romanization ===
The Pangalu have no writing system and due to cultural reasons have declined offers to be taught the Romanization provided by academics. Despite this, field linguists who have begun the process of recording the language have developed a relatively intuitive Romanization system for use in records of the language.

=== Allophonic Variation ===
==== Obstruents ====
Obstruents are the most unstable aspect of Pangali's phonological inventory, with a total of nine different allophonic realizations based on stress alone.
===== Sonorization =====
Standard Pangali: Plain voiceless plosives become voiced in intervocalic positions.

{| class="wikitable" style="float:center; border: none; text-align:center"
|-
!Shift
!Standard Pangali
|-
|/p/ → [b]
|/ʔu'''p'''a/ → [ʔuˈ'''b'''a]
|-
|/t/ → [d]
|/huwu'''t'''uwi/ → [hu.wu.'''d'''uˈvi]
|-
|/k/ → [g]
|/ⁿta'''k'''u/ → [ⁿtaˈ'''g'''u]
|-
|}

===== Dissimilation =====
[WIP]

/t/ shifts to /t͡ʃ/ word initially when the following syllable repeats the onset, but under the same conditions /p/ and /k/ become /f/ and /x/, respectively:
{| class="wikitable" style="float:center; border: none; text-align:center"
|-
!Shift
!Example
|-
|/p/ → [f]
|/'''p'''apa/ → ['''f'''aˈba]
|-
|/t/ → [t͡ʃ]
|/'''t'''u.diɹa/ → ['''t͡ʃ'''u.diˈɹa]
|-
| /k/ → [x]
|/'''k'''akuni/ → ['''x'''ɐ.gɔˈni]
|-
|}

It's theorized that all three plosives originally became affricates, but [t͡ʃ] is the only one to have resisted further spirantization.

==== Centralization ====
Vowels preceding /ʔ/ are centralized. /a/ is both centralized and raised:

{| class="wikitable" style="float:center; border: none; text-align:center"
|-
!Shift
!Standard Pangali
|-
|/a/ → [ɐ]
|/h'''a'''ʔamu/ → [h'''ɐ'''.ʔaˈmu]
|-
|/u/ → [ʉ]
|/han'''u'''ʔa/ → [ha.n'''ʉ'''ˈʔa]
|-
|/i/ → [ɨ]
|/p'''i'''ʔa/ → [p'''ɨ'''ˈʔa]
|-
|}

==== Lowering of Close Vowels ====
/i/ and /u/ are lowered to [ɛ] and [ɔ], respectively, when preceding nasals and prenasalized consonants:

*'''sidu''' /siⁿtu/ = [ˈsɛ.ⁿtu]
*'''úńa''' /ʔuŋa/ = [ˈʔɔ. ŋa]

==== Labio-Velar Fortition ====
/w/ fortifies to [gw] in stressed onset positions preceding /u/ and to [v] everywhere else:

*'''wupani''' /wupani/ = [ˈgʷu.pa.ni]
**'''wapani''' /wapani/ = [ˈva.pa.ni]
*'''isatawu''' /isatawu/ = [i.za.taˈɡʷu]
**'''lawi''' /lawi/ = [laˈvi]

==== Open Vowel Reduction ====
/a/ is reduced to /ə/ in word final syllables if the preceding syllable is unstressed:

*'''uguśala''' /uᵑkuʃala/ = [ɔ.ˈᵑku.ʃa.lə]
**'''gila''' /ᵑkila/ = [ˈᵑki.la], not *[ᵑkilə]

=== Phonotactics ===

==== Syllable Structure ====
Pangali has a (C)V structure, where a syllable can only contain one vowel, which may or may not be preceded by a consonant. Word initial syllables may occur with either a null onset or with any single consonant, while word internal syllables may only occur with single consonant onsets. Codas are forbidden in any context, with all syllables being open. This is true even for geminate consonants, thus they are analyzed as single consonants as opposed to a sequence of [VC.CV].
==== Epenthesis ====
In instances where a word ending in a null coda (i.e. all words) is followed by a word beginning with a null onset, an epenthetic /ŋ/ is inserted to replace the null onset. This process is treated as if there is no word boundary, and thus the presence of the epenthetic nasal lowers the preceding vowel if it is high, while in other instances word boundaries would prevent this.
*/satawu/ + /ulunasa/ = [sa.daˈgʷɔ ŋu.lɔˈna.sa]
**/satawu/ + /ŋaᵐpinasa/ = [sa.daˈgʷu ˈŋa.ᵐpi.na.zə]

==== Loanwords ====
Due to the nature of this syllable structure non-conforming loanwords are often heavily altered; although it should be noted that calques are extremely more common in favor of familiarity when possible.
Note the insertion of /u/ to break apart clusters and avoid final consonants in the following example.

*Helicopter: /ˈhɛlɪˌkɑptɚ/ > '''alikuputalu'' /ʔalikuputalu/, [ˈʔa.li.gu.bu.da.lu]

==== Stress ====
Lexical stress in Pangali falls on the final syllable of the root, and this remains true even if derivational suffixes apply.

= Numbers =
Filler text is text that shares some characteristics of a real written text, but is random or otherwise generated. It may be used to display a sample of fonts, generate text for testing, or to spoof an e-mail spam filter. The process of using filler text is sometimes called greeking, although the text itself may be nonsense, or largely Latin, as in Lorem ipsum.
= Nouns =
Filler text is text that shares some characteristics of a real written text, but is random or otherwise generated. It may be used to display a sample of fonts, generate text for testing, or to spoof an e-mail spam filter. The process of using filler text is sometimes called greeking, although the text itself may be nonsense, or largely Latin, as in Lorem ipsum.
= Verbs =
While other languages such as [http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanish_Language Spanish] follow a [http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tense-Aspect-Mood Tense-Aspect-Mood (TAM)] system, in which the three categories are largely conflated amongst conjugation paradigms, Pangali primarily expresses these categories in an agglutinative fashion. Where each category can cleanly be separated morpheme by morpheme.

The 6 categories that verbs in Pangali conjugate for are: Person, Tense, Aspect, Mood, and Evidentiality.

=== Person ===
Filler text is text that shares some characteristics of a real written text, but is random or otherwise generated. It may be used to display a sample of fonts, generate text for testing, or to spoof an e-mail spam filter. The process of using filler text is sometimes called greeking, although the text itself may be nonsense, or largely Latin, as in Lorem ipsum.
=== Tense ===
Filler text is text that shares some characteristics of a real written text, but is random or otherwise generated. It may be used to display a sample of fonts, generate text for testing, or to spoof an e-mail spam filter. The process of using filler text is sometimes called greeking, although the text itself may be nonsense, or largely Latin, as in Lorem ipsum.
==== Present Tense ====
Filler text is text that shares some characteristics of a real written text, but is random or otherwise generated. It may be used to display a sample of fonts, generate text for testing, or to spoof an e-mail spam filter. The process of using filler text is sometimes called greeking, although the text itself may be nonsense, or largely Latin, as in Lorem ipsum.

==== Past Tense ====
Filler text is text that shares some characteristics of a real written text, but is random or otherwise generated. It may be used to display a sample of fonts, generate text for testing, or to spoof an e-mail spam filter. The process of using filler text is sometimes called greeking, although the text itself may be nonsense, or largely Latin, as in Lorem ipsum.

=== Aspect ===
Filler text is text that shares some characteristics of a real written text, but is random or otherwise generated. It may be used to display a sample of fonts, generate text for testing, or to spoof an e-mail spam filter. The process of using filler text is sometimes called greeking, although the text itself may be nonsense, or largely Latin, as in Lorem ipsum.
==== Episodic ====

===== Gnomic =====
===== Habitual =====

==== Stative ====

===== Inchoative =====
===== Cessative =====
===== Progressive =====
===== Continuous =====
===== Discontinuous =====

==== Relative ====

===== Retrospective =====

===== Prospective =====

=== Mood ===

=== Evidentiality ===

= Derivational Morphology =
Filler text is text that shares some characteristics of a real written text, but is random or otherwise generated. It may be used to display a sample of fonts, generate text for testing, or to spoof an e-mail spam filter. The process of using filler text is sometimes called greeking, although the text itself may be nonsense, or largely Latin, as in Lorem ipsum.
= Syntax =

=== Parameter Order ===
Pangali, in line with its use of case marking, allows its speakers to vary their choice of word order. That being said, the default and most neutral order is OSV (Object-Subject-Verb):

'''Dimumi wabuśi kasuwiśikawi'''

animal-ACC father.ERG CAUS-eat

''The father is feeding the animal''

'''Ńakukumami wabuśi iśikawi su unańalu namulinawi'''

1P.GEN-apple-ACC father.ERG CAUS-eat REL INTRANS-I fear

''I fear that my father is eating my apple.''

=== Topicalization ===
With the exception of the verb, which must be in the final position of a clause, phrases that are emphasized generally come first in a sentence.

'''Śikimi baúmaliku śuwiwaúśuwi''' (Neutral)

child-ACC bird.ERG DIM-bite

''The bird nipped the child''

-

'''Baúmaliku śikimi śuwiwaúśuwi''' (Emphasis on '''baúmaliku''')

bird.ERG child-ACC DIM-bite

''It was the bird that nipped the child''