Linguifex - User contributions [en]

Seventh Linguifex Relay

2025-07-10T03:05:00Z

ManuStorm: /* Seats */

{{Relay_navigation_sidebar}}

{{Relaynotice|deadline=20250609042000}}

The '''{{PAGENAME}}''' is an ongoing conlang relay, a game of conlingual telephone, on Linguifex.

==Rules==
The game is similar to [[w:Chinese whispers|Chinese whispers]]. The procedure is simple: you will receive a conlang text, a ''whisper'' or ''torch'', from the previous ''seat'' with an interlinear/gloss which you are to translate into your own conlang and add information so that the next person can decipher it and make a new translation. You will have '''48''' hours from the time of having received the whisper to prepare a translation of it into your conlang, gloss it and then send it to the next person in the chain. You are free to include either a glossary and grammar notes or an interlinear (or both!). The choice is up to you, but it is always recommended to at least add an interlinear.

In the event that you fail to whisper within your allotted 48 hours, the turn will skip your seat and go to the next participant.

The relaymaster reserves the right to determine when a relay is to start; you can sign up freely until then. Everyone is welcome to partake, but for reasons of convenience, an account on Linguifex is required. Every person is restricted to one entry, but the choice of conlang is up to them. In the case that two people chose the same language, a first-come first-served basis will be adopted (unless, say, the language creator chooses to join in).

==Signup==
===Seats===

The final seat will be a retranslation into the source conlang, as well as the first translation into English. In conjunction, the original text will be published in English.
*'''Seat 0''' - [[User:Учхљёная|Учхљёная]], with '''[[Dãterške]]''' [[/Dãterške|✔️]]
*'''Seat 1''' - [[User:Dillon|Dillon]], with '''[[Soc'ul']]''' [[/Soc'ul'|✔️]]
*<s>'''Seat 2''' - [[User:Nicomega|Nicomega]], with '''[[Tulvan]]'''</s> 🔄
*<s>'''Seat 3''' - [[User:Samstag|Samstag]], with '''[[Azkali]]'''</s> ❌
*<s>'''Seat 4''' - [[User:Anyar|Anyar]], with '''[[Minhast]]'''</s> ❌
*<s>'''Seat 5''' - [[User:Val-Zho|Val-Zho]], with '''[[Kryptonian]]'''</s> ❌
*'''Seat 6''' - [[User:Lëtzelúcia|Lëtzelúcia]], with '''[[Luthic]]''' [[/Luthic|✔️]]
*'''Seat 7''' - [[User:Hazer|Hazer]], with '''[[Natalician]]''' [[/Natalician|✔️]]
*'''Seat 8''' - [[User:Helperman|Helperman]], with '''[[Cybertronian]]'''
*'''Seat 9''' - [[User:Lili21|Lili21]], with '''[[Dundulanyä]]'''
*'''Seat 10''' - [[User:Jukethatbox|Jukethatbox]] with '''[[Bemé]]'''
*'''Seat 11''' - [[User:Nicomega|Nicomega]], with '''[[Tulvan]]'''
*'''Seat 12''' - [[User:Saqvareli|Saqvareli]], with '''[[Azimasi]]'''
*'''Seat 13''' - [[User:SleepyAks|SleepyAks]], with '''[[Vonurustrusty]]'''
*'''Seat 14''' - [[User:Vrianne|Vrianne]], with '''[[Gothevian]]'''
*'''Seat 15''' - [[User:ManuStorm|ManuStorm]], with '''[[Lęga Lecna]]'''
*'''Final seat''' - Retranslation into the original language and English. The original text will be published in English as well.

==How-to==
Once you've received the conlang text with glosses and all, create a page using the button below:

<inputbox>
type=create
break=no
prefix={{FULLPAGENAME}}/
placeholder=Name of your language
</inputbox>

Translate and gloss the text into your conlang (try to include an interlinear gloss), and check the '''Seats''' list on this page: Take a look who's next after you and go to their talk page and create a new topic called "{{PAGENAME}}"; and link the page where you keep your translation.

[[Category:Relays]]

IPA for Modern Coptic

2025-05-12T11:04:24Z

ManuStorm:

The charts below show the way in which the [[wikipedia:International Phonetic Alphabet|International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)]] represents [[Modern Coptic]] pronunciations. English approximations are loose in some cases and are only intended to give a general idea of the pronunciation.

{{IPA keys}}
{| style="background: none"
|-
| valign="top" |

{| style="background: none"
|-
| valign="top" |
{| class="IPA wikitable"
![[wikipedia:Wikipedia:IPA|IPA]] !! Latin !! Example !! nearest English equivalent
|-
|-
|align="center" |<big>m</big>
|align="center" |m
|'''m'''u
|'''m'''om
|-
|align="center" |<big>n</big>
|align="center" |n
|'''n'''ofre
|'''n'''ine
|-
|align="center" |<big>f</big>
|align="center" |f
|e'''f'''vef
|'''f'''ire
|-
|align="center" |<big>s</big>
|align="center" |s
|'''s'''ime
|'''s'''ide
|-
|align="center" |<big>ʃ</big>
|align="center" |x
|'''x'''aj
|'''sh'''oe
|-
|align="center" |<big>x</big>
|align="center" |kh
|sa'''kh'''
|lo'''ch'''
|-
|align="center" |<big>h</big>
|align="center" |h
|'''h'''owt
|'''h'''eel
|-
|align="center" |<big>p</big>
|align="center" |p
|'''p'''ite
|'''p'''ace
|-
|align="center" |<big>t</big>
|align="center" |t
|'''t'''o
|'''t'''alk
|-
|align="center" |<big>tʃ</big>
|align="center" |c
|'''c'''empéh
|'''ch'''urch
|-
|align="center" |<big>c</big>
|align="center" |kj
|'''kj'''oove
|'''c'''ute
|-

|align="center" |<big>k</big>
|align="center" |k
|'''k'''eeme
|'''c'''ake
|-
|align="center" |<big>β</big>
|align="center" |v
|'''v'''erre
|'''v'''ain
|-
|align="center" |<big>w</big>
|align="center" |w
|a'''w'''in
|'''w'''in
|-
|align="center" |<big>l</big>
|align="center" |l
|'''l'''avo
|'''l'''ion
|-
|align="center" |<big>ɾ</big>
|align="center" |r
|'''r'''ee
|'''r'''un (but trilled or tapped)
|-
|align="center" |<big>j</big>
|align="center" |j
|'''j'''oot
|'''y'''es
|-
|align="center" |<big>ʔ</big>
|align="center" |
|mu''''''e
|uh'''-'''oh
|}
| valign="top" |
{| class="IPA wikitable"
![[wikipedia:Wikipedia:IPA|IPA]] !! Latin!! Example !! nearest English equivalent
|-
|align="center" |<big>a(ː)</big>
|align="center" |a
|'''a'''f
|w'''a'''s
|-
|align="center" |<big>ə</big>
|align="center" |e
|h'''e'''to
|'''a'''lign
|-
|align="center" |<big>e</big>
|align="center" |é
|f'''é'''nt
|b'''e'''d
|-
|align="center" |<big>eː</big>
|align="center" |ee
|ans'''ee'''v
|h'''ear'''d (non-rhotic)
|-
|align="center" |<big>o</big>
|align="center" |o
|sn'''o'''f
|l'''aw''' (but shorter)
|-
|align="center" |<big>oː</big>
|align="center" |oo
|'''oo'''nkh
|l'''aw'''
|-
|align="center" |<big>i(ː)</big>
|align="center" |i
|c'''i'''
|b'''ee'''
|-
|align="center" |<big>y(ː)</big>
|align="center" |y
|ps'''y'''ke
|f'''u''' (French)
|-
|align="center" |<big>u(ː)</big>
|align="center" |u
|em'''u'''
|f'''oo'''d
|}
|}
|}

Contionary:anomos

2025-05-12T11:01:36Z

ManuStorm: /* Adjective */

==Modern Coptic==
===Pronunciation===
'''<big>ⲁⲛⲟⲙⲟⲥ</big>''' /''anomos''/ [ˈaːnomos]

===Etymology===
Borrowed from Ancient Greek ἄνομος (ánomos).
===Adjective===
'''<big>ⲁⲛⲟⲙⲟⲥ</big>''' Anomos
# illegal, clandestine

[[Category:Modern Coptic terms]]

Contionary:anomos

2025-05-12T10:59:13Z

ManuStorm: Created page with "==Modern Coptic== ===Pronunciation=== '''<big>ⲁⲛⲟⲙⲟⲥ</big>''' /''anomos''/ [ˈaːnomos] ===Etymology=== Borrowed from Ancient Greek ἄνομος (ánomos). ===Adjective=== '''<big>ⲁⲛⲟⲙⲟⲥ</big>''' Anomos # garden, vineyard, property Category:Modern Coptic terms"

==Modern Coptic==
===Pronunciation===
'''<big>ⲁⲛⲟⲙⲟⲥ</big>''' /''anomos''/ [ˈaːnomos]

===Etymology===
Borrowed from Ancient Greek ἄνομος (ánomos).
===Adjective===
'''<big>ⲁⲛⲟⲙⲟⲥ</big>''' Anomos
# garden, vineyard, property

[[Category:Modern Coptic terms]]

Modern Coptic

2024-11-02T18:52:00Z

ManuStorm: /* Morphology */

== Introduction ==
Modern Coptic (natively, '''''ⲙⲧ̀ⲣⲙⲙⲛⲕⲏⲙⲉ ⲃⲣ̀ⲣⲉ Metremmenkeeme Verre''''' ''[mətrm̩mn̩ˈkeːmə ˈvr̩rə]'') is a revitalized vernacular version of Coptic, made to be a lingua franca for all varieties.

The language is written formally using the Coptic alphabet, however, since modern times a phonetic transliteration into the Latin Alphabet is preferred by the younger generations

== Phonology ==

=== Consonants ===
{| class="wikitable"
!
!Labial
!Alveolar
!Post-Alveolar
!Palatal
!Velar
!Glottal
|-
!Nasal
|m
| colspan="5" |n
|-
!Fricative
|f
|s
| colspan="2" |ʃ
|(x)
|h
|-
!Plosive
|p
|t
|tʃ
|(c)
|k
|(ʔ)
|-
! rowspan="2" |Approximant
| rowspan="2" |β
|l
| colspan="2" rowspan="2" |j
| rowspan="2" |w
| rowspan="2" |
|-
|r
|}

* /x/ and /c/ are minimal phonemes, while included in the standard and writing, they are free to merge with /h/ and /tʃ/, respectively
* /ʔ/ isn't phonemic and can only occur before a vowel, or to separate them
* /β/ is most often realized as [v], and c can range between actual [c] and [kʲ]
* the sequence /kj/ never occurs and colloquially changes to /c/ whenever it appears
* /n/ assimilates to the place of articulation of the next sound, becoming /m/, [ɲ] or [ŋ] depending on the sound
* /r/ is pronounced [ɾ] between vowels

=== Vowels ===
{| class="wikitable"
!
! colspan="3" |Front
! colspan="2" |Back
|-
!High
| colspan="2" |i
|(y)
| colspan="2" |u
|-
!Mid
|e
|eː
|ə
|o
|oː
|-
!Low
| colspan="5" |a
|}

* y only occurs in Greek and French borrowings and unrounds to /i/ freely.
* The sequences /əl/, /ər/, /əm/ and /ən/ are pronounced [l̩], [r̩], [m̩] and [n̩].
* /a/, /i/, /y/ and /u/ are allophonically long when stressed.

* Stress isn't phonemic, but normally occurs in either one of the long vowels (eː and oː) or the (3rd to) last vowel.
* ə normally doesn't bear the stress unless it is the only vowel in a word.
* Greek borrowings normally bear the stress 2nd to last instead.

== Orthography ==
Modern Coptic uses mostly the Latin Alphabet, although for formal and religious texts the Coptic Alphabet is preferred
{| class="wikitable"
!Latin
!Coptic
!Sound
! colspan="2" |Example
|-
|m
|ⲙ
|m
|ⲙⲟⲩⲉ
|mue
|-
|n
|ⲛ
|n
|ⲗⲉ̀ϭⲟⲛ
|lékjon
|-
|l
|ⲗ
|l
|ⲗⲁⲃⲟⲧⲉ
|lavote
|-
|r
|ⲣ
|r
|ⲣⲣⲟ
|erro
|-
|f
|ϥ
|f
|ϥⲉⲛⲧ
|fént
|-
|s
|ⲥ
|s
|ⲥⲱⲃⲉ
|soove
|-
|x
|ϣ
|ʃ
|ϣⲁϣϥ
|xaxf
|-
|kh
|ϧ
|x
|ⲥⲁϧ
|sakh
|-
|h
|ϩ
|h
|ϩⲗⲗⲟ
|hello
|-
|p
|ⲡ
|p
|ⲡⲣⲱ
|proo
|-
|t
|ⲧ
|t
|ⲧⲟ
|to
|-
|c
|ϫ
|tʃ
|ϫⲓ
|ci
|-
|kj
|ϭ
|c
|ϭⲱⲃⲉ
|kjoove
|-
|k
|ⲕ
|k
|ⲕⲁϣ
|kax
|-
|v
|ⲃ
|β
|ⲃⲉⲛⲓⲡⲉ
|venipe
|-
| rowspan="2" |w
|ⲟⲩ
| rowspan="2" |w
|ⲟⲩⲣ̀ⲧ
|wert
|-
|ⲩ
|ⲥⲛⲁⲩ
|snaw
|-
|j
|ⲓ
|j
|ⲓⲱ
|joo
|-
|ps
|ⲯ
|ps
|psit
|ⲯⲓⲧ
|-
|ks
|ⲝ
|ks
|aksios
|ⲁⲝⲓⲟⲥ
|}
{| class="wikitable"
!Latin
!Coptic
!Sound
! colspan="2" |Example
|-
|a
|ⲁ
|a
|ⲁϥ
|af
|-
|eC
|⳿
|əC
|ⲧ̀ⲃϥ̀
|etvef
|-
|e
| rowspan="2" |ⲉ
|ə
|ⲥⲁϫⲉ
|sace
|-
| rowspan="2" |é
| rowspan="2" |e
|ϣⲉⲙϣⲉ
|xémxe
|-
|ⲉ̀
|ⲧⲉϣⲉ̀
|texé
|-
|ee
|ⲏ
|eː
|ⲏⲓ
|eej
|-
|i
|ⲓ
|i
|ⲓⲣⲉ
|ire
|-
|y
|ⲩ
|y
|ⲡⲩⲥⲓⲥ
|pysis
|-
|o
|ⲟ
|o
|ⲟⲓⲕ
|ojk
|-
|oo
|ⲱ
|oː
|ⲱⲛϧ
|oonkh
|-
|u
|ⲟⲩ
|u
|ⲟⲩⲛⲟⲩ
|unu
|}

* /əl/, /ər/, /əm/ and /ən/ should be written ⲙ̀, ⲛ̀, ⲗ̀ and ⲣ̀ but the accent is removed before another consonant and only used when disambiguating
* əw and əj can't occur, they are normally ew and ej
* ow is written ⲟⲟⲩ (ϩⲟⲟⲩ how) and éj is written ⲉⲉⲓ (ⲥⲉϣⲉⲉⲓ sexéj)

== Morphology ==

=== Pronouns ===
(Modern) Coptic distinguishes between 3 persons, 2 numbers and in the 2nd person and 3rd person singular distinguish masculine and feminine forms

==== Independent Pronouns ====
They are not used much, but are used for emphasis
{| class="wikitable"
! colspan="2" |
!Singular
!Plural
|-
! colspan="2" |1st
|anak
|anan
|-
! rowspan="2" |2nd
!M
|entak
| rowspan="2" |entooten
|-
!F
|ento
|-
! rowspan="2" |3rd
!M
|entof
| rowspan="2" |entaw
|-
!F
|entos
|}

==== Pronoun suffixes ====
Used on verbs and prepositions to mark the object and auxiliary and main verbs use similar affixes to mark the subject
{| class="wikitable"
! colspan="2" |
!Singular
!Plural
|-
! colspan="2" |1st
| -i/j* (-t)
| -n
|-
! rowspan="2" |2nd
!M
| -k
| rowspan="2" | -ten
|-
!F
| -(e)
|-
! rowspan="2" |3rd
!M
| -f
| rowspan="2" | -u/w* (-se)
|-
!F
| -s
|}

* -t and -se are used for verbal and prepositional objects, in other cases, -i/j and -u/w are used
* -(e) is more often a null suffix, only actual -e in verbal object suffixes

==== Reflexive pronoun ====
Normally the word hoo is supleted with pronoun suffixes, but since it has an irregular way of suffixing, it's considered its own kind of pronoun
{| class="wikitable"
! colspan="2" |
!Singular
!Plural
|-
! colspan="2" |1st
|hoo
|hoon
|-
! rowspan="2" |2nd
!M
|hook
| rowspan="2" |hoot
|-
!F
|hoote
|-
! rowspan="2" |3rd
!M
|hoof
| rowspan="2" |hoow
|-
!F
|hoos
|}

=== Nouns ===
Nouns inflect for definiteness (undefinite, definite and indefinite) and sometimes number (singular and plural).

They can also be preceded by possession prefixes, and a couple of them (although nowadays archaic) can take the pronominal suffixes to mark possession

Some of them also have a special "construct form", only used when compounding
{| class="wikitable"
!
!Singular
!Plural
|-
!Undefinite
| colspan="2" | -
|-
!Definite
|p/t(e)-*
|n(e)-*
|-
!Indefinite
|u/w-
|hen-
|}

* p(e)- is used for masculine nouns while t(e)- is used for feminine ones
* An epenthetic e is inserted when before a consonant that isn't h, when prefixed with consonants, h elides
The possessive prefixes are used in place of the definite article: they consist of the definite stem (p- for masculine, t- for feminine, n- for plural) + "é" + pronominal suffix, except in the case of the 1st person singular (pa-, ta-, na-) and the 3rd person plural (pu-, tu-, nu-).
{| class="wikitable"
! colspan="3" |
!Masculine
!Femenine
!Plural
|-
! rowspan="5" |Singular
! colspan="2" |1st
|pa-
|ta-
|na-
|-
! rowspan="2" |2nd
!M
|pék-
|ték-
|nék-
|-
!F
|pé-
|té-
|né-
|-
! rowspan="2" |3rd
!M
|péf-
|téf-
|néf-
|-
!F
|pés-
|tés-
|nés-
|-
! rowspan="3" |Plural
! colspan="2" |1st
|pén-
|tén-
|nén-
|-
! colspan="2" |2nd
|péten-
|téten-
|néten-
|-
! colspan="2" |3rd
|pu-
|tu-
|nu-
|}

=== Verbs ===

Modern Coptic has a copious amount of verb tenses, however only 2 tenses are ever inflected with affixes, the rest are made via auxiliary verbs

{| class="wikitable"
!Tense
!Explanation
!English
|-
!Infinitive
|Infinitive
|to V
|-
!Present
|Main present tense
|I(‘m) V(-ing)
|-
!Future
|Main future tense
|I’ll V
|-
!Imperfect
|Ongoing action in the past
|I was V-ing
|-
!Future Imperfect
|Ongoing action in the future
|I will be V-ing
|-
!Past
|Main past tense / Perfect
|I V-ed / I have V-ed
|-
!Habitual
|Habitual (present) tense
|I normally V
|-
!Past Imperfect
|Ongoing action before a finished action
|I had V-ed
|-
!Habitual Imperfect
|Habitual past tense
|I used to V
|-
!Jussive
|Giving orders (not 2nd person)
|I should V
|-
!Subordinate Present
|Subordinate clauses in the present
|that I V
|-
!Subordinate Future
|Subordinate clauses in the future
|that I’ll V
|-
!Subordinate Past
|Subordinate clauses in the past
|that I V-ed
|-
!Subordinate Habitual
|Subordinate clauses in the habitual
|that I normally V
|-
!Conditional
|Conditional tense
|I would V
|-
!Conjunctive
|Same time as the main clause
|also I V/V-ed
|-
!Resultative
|Result of the main clause
|so I V/V-ed
|-
!Imperative
|Giving orders (only 2nd person)
|V!
|}

==== Base Form ====

Whenever the subject of the sentence is not a pronoun, the verb stops being inflected for person and number. Instead any auxiliary verb is putted in the "base form" and moved before the subject.

naf woom - he was eating

nare pejoot woom - the father was eating

Modern Coptic

2024-10-30T15:47:45Z

ManuStorm: /* Consonants */

== Introduction ==
Modern Coptic (natively, '''''ⲙⲧ̀ⲣⲙⲙⲛⲕⲏⲙⲉ ⲃⲣ̀ⲣⲉ Metremmenkeeme Verre''''' ''[mətrm̩mn̩ˈkeːmə ˈvr̩rə]'') is a revitalized vernacular version of Coptic, made to be a lingua franca for all varieties.

The language is written formally using the Coptic alphabet, however, since modern times a phonetic transliteration into the Latin Alphabet is preferred by the younger generations

== Phonology ==

=== Consonants ===
{| class="wikitable"
!
!Labial
!Alveolar
!Post-Alveolar
!Palatal
!Velar
!Glottal
|-
!Nasal
|m
| colspan="5" |n
|-
!Fricative
|f
|s
| colspan="2" |ʃ
|(x)
|h
|-
!Plosive
|p
|t
|tʃ
|(c)
|k
|(ʔ)
|-
! rowspan="2" |Approximant
| rowspan="2" |β
|l
| colspan="2" rowspan="2" |j
| rowspan="2" |w
| rowspan="2" |
|-
|r
|}

* /x/ and /c/ are minimal phonemes, while included in the standard and writing, they are free to merge with /h/ and /tʃ/, respectively
* /ʔ/ isn't phonemic and can only occur before a vowel, or to separate them
* /β/ is most often realized as [v], and c can range between actual [c] and [kʲ]
* the sequence /kj/ never occurs and colloquially changes to /c/ whenever it appears
* /n/ assimilates to the place of articulation of the next sound, becoming /m/, [ɲ] or [ŋ] depending on the sound
* /r/ is pronounced [ɾ] between vowels

=== Vowels ===
{| class="wikitable"
!
! colspan="3" |Front
! colspan="2" |Back
|-
!High
| colspan="2" |i
|(y)
| colspan="2" |u
|-
!Mid
|e
|eː
|ə
|o
|oː
|-
!Low
| colspan="5" |a
|}

* y only occurs in Greek and French borrowings and unrounds to /i/ freely.
* The sequences /əl/, /ər/, /əm/ and /ən/ are pronounced [l̩], [r̩], [m̩] and [n̩].
* /a/, /i/, /y/ and /u/ are allophonically long when stressed.

* Stress isn't phonemic, but normally occurs in either one of the long vowels (eː and oː) or the (3rd to) last vowel.
* ə normally doesn't bear the stress unless it is the only vowel in a word.
* Greek borrowings normally bear the stress 2nd to last instead.

== Orthography ==
Modern Coptic uses mostly the Latin Alphabet, although for formal and religious texts the Coptic Alphabet is preferred
{| class="wikitable"
!Latin
!Coptic
!Sound
! colspan="2" |Example
|-
|m
|ⲙ
|m
|ⲙⲟⲩⲉ
|mue
|-
|n
|ⲛ
|n
|ⲗⲉ̀ϭⲟⲛ
|lékjon
|-
|l
|ⲗ
|l
|ⲗⲁⲃⲟⲧⲉ
|lavote
|-
|r
|ⲣ
|r
|ⲣⲣⲟ
|erro
|-
|f
|ϥ
|f
|ϥⲉⲛⲧ
|fént
|-
|s
|ⲥ
|s
|ⲥⲱⲃⲉ
|soove
|-
|x
|ϣ
|ʃ
|ϣⲁϣϥ
|xaxf
|-
|kh
|ϧ
|x
|ⲥⲁϧ
|sakh
|-
|h
|ϩ
|h
|ϩⲗⲗⲟ
|hello
|-
|p
|ⲡ
|p
|ⲡⲣⲱ
|proo
|-
|t
|ⲧ
|t
|ⲧⲟ
|to
|-
|c
|ϫ
|tʃ
|ϫⲓ
|ci
|-
|kj
|ϭ
|c
|ϭⲱⲃⲉ
|kjoove
|-
|k
|ⲕ
|k
|ⲕⲁϣ
|kax
|-
|v
|ⲃ
|β
|ⲃⲉⲛⲓⲡⲉ
|venipe
|-
| rowspan="2" |w
|ⲟⲩ
| rowspan="2" |w
|ⲟⲩⲣ̀ⲧ
|wert
|-
|ⲩ
|ⲥⲛⲁⲩ
|snaw
|-
|j
|ⲓ
|j
|ⲓⲱ
|joo
|-
|ps
|ⲯ
|ps
|psit
|ⲯⲓⲧ
|-
|ks
|ⲝ
|ks
|aksios
|ⲁⲝⲓⲟⲥ
|}
{| class="wikitable"
!Latin
!Coptic
!Sound
! colspan="2" |Example
|-
|a
|ⲁ
|a
|ⲁϥ
|af
|-
|eC
|⳿
|əC
|ⲧ̀ⲃϥ̀
|etvef
|-
|e
| rowspan="2" |ⲉ
|ə
|ⲥⲁϫⲉ
|sace
|-
| rowspan="2" |é
| rowspan="2" |e
|ϣⲉⲙϣⲉ
|xémxe
|-
|ⲉ̀
|ⲧⲉϣⲉ̀
|texé
|-
|ee
|ⲏ
|eː
|ⲏⲓ
|eej
|-
|i
|ⲓ
|i
|ⲓⲣⲉ
|ire
|-
|y
|ⲩ
|y
|ⲡⲩⲥⲓⲥ
|pysis
|-
|o
|ⲟ
|o
|ⲟⲓⲕ
|ojk
|-
|oo
|ⲱ
|oː
|ⲱⲛϧ
|oonkh
|-
|u
|ⲟⲩ
|u
|ⲟⲩⲛⲟⲩ
|unu
|}

* /əl/, /ər/, /əm/ and /ən/ should be written ⲙ̀, ⲛ̀, ⲗ̀ and ⲣ̀ but the accent is removed before another consonant and only used when disambiguating
* əw and əj can't occur, they are normally ew and ej
* ow is written ⲟⲟⲩ (ϩⲟⲟⲩ how) and éj is written ⲉⲉⲓ (ⲥⲉϣⲉⲉⲓ sexéj)

== Morphology ==

=== Pronouns ===
(Modern) Coptic distinguishes between 3 persons, 2 numbers and in the 2nd person and 3rd person singular distinguish masculine and feminine forms

==== Independent Pronouns ====
They are not used much, but are used for emphasis
{| class="wikitable"
! colspan="2" |
!Singular
!Plural
|-
! colspan="2" |1st
|anak
|anan
|-
! rowspan="2" |2nd
!M
|entak
| rowspan="2" |entooten
|-
!F
|ento
|-
! rowspan="2" |3rd
!M
|entof
| rowspan="2" |entaw
|-
!F
|entos
|}

==== Pronoun suffixes ====
Used on verbs and prepositions to mark the object and auxiliary and main verbs use similar affixes to mark the subject
{| class="wikitable"
! colspan="2" |
!Singular
!Plural
|-
! colspan="2" |1st
| -i/j* (-t)
| -n
|-
! rowspan="2" |2nd
!M
| -k
| rowspan="2" | -ten
|-
!F
| -(e)
|-
! rowspan="2" |3rd
!M
| -f
| rowspan="2" | -u/w* (-se)
|-
!F
| -s
|}

* -t and -se are used for verbal and prepositional objects, in other cases, -i/j and -u/w are used
* -(e) is more often a null suffix, only actual -e in verbal object suffixes

==== Reflexive pronoun ====
Normally the word hoo is supleted with pronoun suffixes, but since it has an irregular way of suffixing, it's considered its own kind of pronoun
{| class="wikitable"
! colspan="2" |
!Singular
!Plural
|-
! colspan="2" |1st
|hoo
|hoon
|-
! rowspan="2" |2nd
!M
|hook
| rowspan="2" |hoot
|-
!F
|hoote
|-
! rowspan="2" |3rd
!M
|hoof
| rowspan="2" |hoow
|-
!F
|hoos
|}

=== Nouns ===
Nouns inflect for definiteness (undefinite, definite and indefinite) and sometimes number (singular and plural).

They can also be preceded by possession prefixes, and a couple of them (although nowadays archaic) can take the pronominal suffixes to mark possession

Some of them also have a special "construct form", only used when compounding
{| class="wikitable"
!
!Singular
!Plural
|-
!Undefinite
| colspan="2" | -
|-
!Definite
|p/t(e)-*
|n(e)-*
|-
!Indefinite
|u/w-
|hen-
|}

* p(e)- is used for masculine nouns while t(e)- is used for feminine ones
* An epenthetic e is inserted when before a consonant that isn't h, when prefixed with consonants, h elides
The possessive prefixes are used in place of the definite article: they consist of the definite stem (p- for masculine, t- for feminine, n- for plural) + "é" + pronominal suffix, except in the case of the 1st person singular (pa-, ta-, na-) and the 3rd person plural (pu-, tu-, nu-).
{| class="wikitable"
! colspan="3" |
!Masculine
!Femenine
!Plural
|-
! rowspan="5" |Singular
! colspan="2" |1st
|pa-
|ta-
|na-
|-
! rowspan="2" |2nd
!M
|pék-
|ték-
|nék-
|-
!F
|pé-
|té-
|né-
|-
! rowspan="2" |3rd
!M
|péf-
|téf-
|néf-
|-
!F
|pés-
|tés-
|nés-
|-
! rowspan="3" |Plural
! colspan="2" |1st
|pén-
|tén-
|nén-
|-
! colspan="2" |2nd
|péten-
|téten-
|néten-
|-
! colspan="2" |3rd
|pu-
|tu-
|nu-
|}

=== Verbs ===

Modern Coptic has a copious amount of verb tenses

{| class="wikitable"
!Tense
!Explanation
!English
|-
!Infinitive
|Infinitive
|to V
|-
!Present
|Main present tense
|I(‘m) V(-ing)
|-
!Future
|Main future tense
|I’ll V
|-
!Imperfect
|Ongoing action in the past
|I was V-ing
|-
!Future Imperfect
|Ongoing action in the future
|I will be V-ing
|-
!Past
|Main past tense / Perfect
|I V-ed / I have V-ed
|-
!Habitual
|Habitual (present) tense
|I normally V
|-
!Past Imperfect
|Ongoing action before a finished action
|I had V-ed
|-
!Habitual Imperfect
|Habitual past tense
|I used to V
|-
!Jussive
|Giving orders (not 2nd person)
|I should V
|-
!Subordinate Present
|Subordinate clauses in the present
|that I V
|-
!Subordinate Future
|Subordinate clauses in the future
|that I’ll V
|-
!Subordinate Past
|Subordinate clauses in the past
|that I V-ed
|-
!Subordinate Habitual
|Subordinate clauses in the habitual
|that I normally V
|-
!Conditional
|Conditional tense
|I would V
|-
!Conjunctive
|Same time as the main clause
|also I V/V-ed
|-
!Resultative
|Result of the main clause
|so I V/V-ed
|-
!Imperative
|Giving orders (only 2nd person)
|V!
|}

IPA for Modern Coptic

2024-10-29T05:57:58Z

ManuStorm:

The charts below show the way in which the [[wikipedia:International Phonetic Alphabet|International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)]] represents [[Modern Coptic]] pronunciations. English approximations are loose in some cases and are only intended to give a general idea of the pronunciation.

{{IPA keys}}
{| style="background: none"
|-
| valign="top" |

{| style="background: none"
|-
| valign="top" |
{| class="IPA wikitable"
![[wikipedia:Wikipedia:IPA|IPA]] !! Latin !! Example !! nearest English equivalent
|-
|-
|align="center" |<big>m</big>
|align="center" |m
|'''m'''u
|'''m'''om
|-
|align="center" |<big>n</big>
|align="center" |n
|'''n'''ofre
|'''n'''ine
|-
|align="center" |<big>f</big>
|align="center" |f
|e'''f'''vef
|'''f'''ire
|-
|align="center" |<big>s</big>
|align="center" |s
|'''s'''ime
|'''s'''ide
|-
|align="center" |<big>ʃ</big>
|align="center" |x
|'''x'''aj
|'''sh'''oe
|-
|align="center" |<big>x</big>
|align="center" |kh
|sa'''kh'''
|lo'''ch'''
|-
|align="center" |<big>h</big>
|align="center" |h
|'''h'''owt
|'''h'''eel
|-
|align="center" |<big>p</big>
|align="center" |p
|'''p'''ite
|'''p'''ace
|-
|align="center" |<big>t</big>
|align="center" |t
|'''t'''o
|'''t'''alk
|-
|align="center" |<big>tʃ</big>
|align="center" |c
|'''c'''empéh
|'''ch'''urch
|-
|align="center" |<big>c</big>
|align="center" |kj
|'''kj'''oove
|'''c'''ute
|-

|align="center" |<big>k</big>
|align="center" |k
|'''k'''eeme
|'''c'''ake
|-
|align="center" |<big>β</big>
|align="center" |v
|'''v'''erre
|'''v'''ain
|-
|align="center" |<big>w</big>
|align="center" |w
|a'''w'''in
|'''w'''in
|-
|align="center" |<big>l</big>
|align="center" |l
|'''l'''avo
|'''l'''ion
|-
|align="center" |<big>ɾ</big>
|align="center" |r
|'''r'''ee
|'''r'''un (but trilled or tapped)
|-
|align="center" |<big>j</big>
|align="center" |j
|'''j'''oot
|'''y'''es
|-
|align="center" |<big>ʔ</big>
|align="center" |
|mu''''''e
|uh'''-'''oh
|}
| valign="top" |
{| class="IPA wikitable"
![[wikipedia:Wikipedia:IPA|IPA]] !! Latin!! Example !! nearest English equivalent
|-
|align="center" |<big>a</big>
|align="center" |a
|'''a'''f
|w'''a'''s
|-
|align="center" |<big>ə</big>
|align="center" |e
|h'''e'''to
|'''a'''lign
|-
|align="center" |<big>e</big>
|align="center" |é
|f'''é'''nt
|b'''e'''d
|-
|align="center" |<big>eː</big>
|align="center" |ee
|ans'''ee'''v
|h'''ear'''d (non-rhotic)
|-
|align="center" |<big>o</big>
|align="center" |o
|sn'''o'''f
|l'''aw''' (but shorter)
|-
|align="center" |<big>oː</big>
|align="center" |oo
|'''oo'''nkh
|l'''aw'''
|-
|align="center" |<big>i</big>
|align="center" |i
|c'''i'''
|b'''ee'''
|-
|align="center" |<big>y</big>
|align="center" |y
|ps'''y'''ke
|f'''u''' (French)
|-
|align="center" |<big>u</big>
|align="center" |u
|em'''u'''
|f'''oo'''d
|}
|}
|}

Contionary:xeem

2024-10-28T12:16:20Z

ManuStorm: /* Adjective */

==Modern Coptic==
===Pronunciation===
* Masculine: '''<big>ϣⲏⲙ</big>''' /''ʃeːm''/ [ˈʃeːm]
* Femenine: '''<big>ϣⲏⲙⲉ</big>''' /''ʃeːmə''/ [ˈʃeːmə]
===Adjective===
'''<big>ϣⲏⲙ</big>''' Xeem - m ('''<big>ϣⲏⲙⲉ</big>''' Xeeme - f)
# small, little

[[Category:Modern Coptic terms]]

Contionary:xeem

2024-10-28T12:15:55Z

ManuStorm: /* Modern Coptic */

==Modern Coptic==
===Pronunciation===
* Masculine: '''<big>ϣⲏⲙ</big>''' /''ʃeːm''/ [ˈʃeːm]
* Femenine: '''<big>ϣⲏⲙⲉ</big>''' /''ʃeːmə''/ [ˈʃeːmə]
===Adjective===
'''<big>ϣⲏⲙ</big>''' Xeem m ('''<big>ϣⲏⲙⲉ</big>''' Xeeme f)
# small, little

[[Category:Modern Coptic terms]]

Contionary:xeem

2024-10-28T12:15:32Z

ManuStorm: /* Modern Coptic */

==Modern Coptic==
===Pronunciation===
* Masculine: '''<big>ϣⲏⲙ</big>''' /''ʃeːm''/ [ˈʃeːm]
* Femenine: '''<big>ϣⲏⲙⲉ</big>''' /''ʃeːmə''/ [ˈʃeːmə]
===Adjective===
'''<big>ϣⲏⲙ</big>''' Xeem (Femenine: '''<big>ϣⲏⲙⲉ</big>''' Xeeme)
# small, little

[[Category:Modern Coptic terms]]

Contionary:xeem

2024-10-28T12:08:27Z

ManuStorm: /* Modern Coptic */

==Modern Coptic==
===Pronunciation===
* Masculine: '''<big>ϣⲏⲙ</big>''' /''ʃeːm''/ [ˈʃeːm]
* Femenine: '''<big>ϣⲏⲙⲉ</big>''' /''ʃeːmə''/ [ˈʃeːmə]
===Adjective===
'''<big>ϣⲏⲙ</big>''' Xeem (* Femenine: '''<big>ϣⲏⲙⲉ</big>''' Xeeme)
# small, little

[[Category:Modern Coptic terms]]

Contionary:xeem

2024-10-27T19:40:16Z

ManuStorm: Created page with "==Modern Coptic== ===Pronunciation=== '''<big>ϣⲏⲙ</big>''' /''ʃeːm''/ [ˈʃeːm] ===Adjective=== '''<big>ϣⲏⲙ</big>''' Xeem (Femenine: '''<big>ϣⲏⲙⲉ</big>''' Xeeme) # small, little Category:Modern Coptic terms"

==Modern Coptic==
===Pronunciation===
'''<big>ϣⲏⲙ</big>''' /''ʃeːm''/ [ˈʃeːm]

===Adjective===
'''<big>ϣⲏⲙ</big>''' Xeem (Femenine: '''<big>ϣⲏⲙⲉ</big>''' Xeeme)
# small, little

[[Category:Modern Coptic terms]]

Modern Coptic

2024-10-27T19:07:28Z

ManuStorm: /* Verbs */

== Introduction ==
Modern Coptic (natively, '''''ⲙⲧ̀ⲣⲙⲙⲛⲕⲏⲙⲉ ⲃⲣ̀ⲣⲉ Metremmenkeeme Verre''''' ''[mətrm̩mn̩ˈkeːmə ˈvr̩rə]'') is a revitalized vernacular version of Coptic, made to be a lingua franca for all varieties.

The language is written formally using the Coptic alphabet, however, since modern times a phonetic transliteration into the Latin Alphabet is preferred by the younger generations

== Phonology ==

=== Consonants ===
{| class="wikitable"
!
!Labial
!Alveolar
!Post-Alveolar
!Palatal
!Velar
!Glottal
|-
!Nasal
|m
| colspan="5" |n
|-
!Fricative
|f
|s
| colspan="2" |ʃ
|(x)
|h
|-
!Plosive
|p
|t
|tʃ
|(c)
|k
|(ʔ)
|-
! rowspan="2" |Approximant
| rowspan="2" |β
|l
| colspan="2" rowspan="2" |j
| rowspan="2" |w
| rowspan="2" |
|-
|r
|}

* x and c are minimal phonemes, while included in the standard and writing, they are free to merge with h and tʃ, respectively
* ʔ isn't phonemic and can only occur before a vowel, or to separate them
* β is most often realized as [v], and c can range between actual [c] and [kʲ]
* the sequence /kj/ never occurs and colloquially changes to /c/ whenever it appears
* n assimilates to the place of articulation of the next sound, becoming /m/, [ɲ] or [ŋ] depending on the sound
* r is pronounced [ɾ] between vowels

=== Vowels ===
{| class="wikitable"
!
! colspan="3" |Front
! colspan="2" |Back
|-
!High
| colspan="2" |i
|(y)
| colspan="2" |u
|-
!Mid
|e
|eː
|ə
|o
|oː
|-
!Low
| colspan="5" |a
|}

* y only occurs in Greek and French borrowings and unrounds to /i/ freely.
* The sequences /əl/, /ər/, /əm/ and /ən/ are pronounced [l̩], [r̩], [m̩] and [n̩].
* /a/, /i/, /y/ and /u/ are allophonically long when stressed.

* Stress isn't phonemic, but normally occurs in either one of the long vowels (eː and oː) or the (3rd to) last vowel.
* ə normally doesn't bear the stress unless it is the only vowel in a word.
* Greek borrowings normally bear the stress 2nd to last instead.

== Orthography ==
Modern Coptic uses mostly the Latin Alphabet, although for formal and religious texts the Coptic Alphabet is preferred
{| class="wikitable"
!Latin
!Coptic
!Sound
! colspan="2" |Example
|-
|m
|ⲙ
|m
|ⲙⲟⲩⲉ
|mue
|-
|n
|ⲛ
|n
|ⲗⲉ̀ϭⲟⲛ
|lékjon
|-
|l
|ⲗ
|l
|ⲗⲁⲃⲟⲧⲉ
|lavote
|-
|r
|ⲣ
|r
|ⲣⲣⲟ
|erro
|-
|f
|ϥ
|f
|ϥⲉⲛⲧ
|fént
|-
|s
|ⲥ
|s
|ⲥⲱⲃⲉ
|soove
|-
|x
|ϣ
|ʃ
|ϣⲁϣϥ
|xaxf
|-
|kh
|ϧ
|x
|ⲥⲁϧ
|sakh
|-
|h
|ϩ
|h
|ϩⲗⲗⲟ
|hello
|-
|p
|ⲡ
|p
|ⲡⲣⲱ
|proo
|-
|t
|ⲧ
|t
|ⲧⲟ
|to
|-
|c
|ϫ
|tʃ
|ϫⲓ
|ci
|-
|kj
|ϭ
|c
|ϭⲱⲃⲉ
|kjoove
|-
|k
|ⲕ
|k
|ⲕⲁϣ
|kax
|-
|v
|ⲃ
|β
|ⲃⲉⲛⲓⲡⲉ
|venipe
|-
| rowspan="2" |w
|ⲟⲩ
| rowspan="2" |w
|ⲟⲩⲣ̀ⲧ
|wert
|-
|ⲩ
|ⲥⲛⲁⲩ
|snaw
|-
|j
|ⲓ
|j
|ⲓⲱ
|joo
|-
|ps
|ⲯ
|ps
|psit
|ⲯⲓⲧ
|-
|ks
|ⲝ
|ks
|aksios
|ⲁⲝⲓⲟⲥ
|}
{| class="wikitable"
!Latin
!Coptic
!Sound
! colspan="2" |Example
|-
|a
|ⲁ
|a
|ⲁϥ
|af
|-
|eC
|⳿
|əC
|ⲧ̀ⲃϥ̀
|etvef
|-
|e
| rowspan="2" |ⲉ
|ə
|ⲥⲁϫⲉ
|sace
|-
| rowspan="2" |é
| rowspan="2" |e
|ϣⲉⲙϣⲉ
|xémxe
|-
|ⲉ̀
|ⲧⲉϣⲉ̀
|texé
|-
|ee
|ⲏ
|eː
|ⲏⲓ
|eej
|-
|i
|ⲓ
|i
|ⲓⲣⲉ
|ire
|-
|y
|ⲩ
|y
|ⲡⲩⲥⲓⲥ
|pysis
|-
|o
|ⲟ
|o
|ⲟⲓⲕ
|ojk
|-
|oo
|ⲱ
|oː
|ⲱⲛϧ
|oonkh
|-
|u
|ⲟⲩ
|u
|ⲟⲩⲛⲟⲩ
|unu
|}

* /əl/, /ər/, /əm/ and /ən/ should be written ⲙ̀, ⲛ̀, ⲗ̀ and ⲣ̀ but the accent is removed before another consonant and only used when disambiguating
* əw and əj can't occur, they are normally ew and ej
* ow is written ⲟⲟⲩ (ϩⲟⲟⲩ how) and éj is written ⲉⲉⲓ (ⲥⲉϣⲉⲉⲓ sexéj)

== Morphology ==

=== Pronouns ===
(Modern) Coptic distinguishes between 3 persons, 2 numbers and in the 2nd person and 3rd person singular distinguish masculine and feminine forms

==== Independent Pronouns ====
They are not used much, but are used for emphasis
{| class="wikitable"
! colspan="2" |
!Singular
!Plural
|-
! colspan="2" |1st
|anak
|anan
|-
! rowspan="2" |2nd
!M
|entak
| rowspan="2" |entooten
|-
!F
|ento
|-
! rowspan="2" |3rd
!M
|entof
| rowspan="2" |entaw
|-
!F
|entos
|}

==== Pronoun suffixes ====
Used on verbs and prepositions to mark the object and auxiliary and main verbs use similar affixes to mark the subject
{| class="wikitable"
! colspan="2" |
!Singular
!Plural
|-
! colspan="2" |1st
| -i/j* (-t)
| -n
|-
! rowspan="2" |2nd
!M
| -k
| rowspan="2" | -ten
|-
!F
| -(e)
|-
! rowspan="2" |3rd
!M
| -f
| rowspan="2" | -u/w* (-se)
|-
!F
| -s
|}

* -t and -se are used for verbal and prepositional objects, in other cases, -i/j and -u/w are used
* -(e) is more often a null suffix, only actual -e in verbal object suffixes

==== Reflexive pronoun ====
Normally the word hoo is supleted with pronoun suffixes, but since it has an irregular way of suffixing, it's considered its own kind of pronoun
{| class="wikitable"
! colspan="2" |
!Singular
!Plural
|-
! colspan="2" |1st
|hoo
|hoon
|-
! rowspan="2" |2nd
!M
|hook
| rowspan="2" |hoot
|-
!F
|hoote
|-
! rowspan="2" |3rd
!M
|hoof
| rowspan="2" |hoow
|-
!F
|hoos
|}

=== Nouns ===
Nouns inflect for definiteness (undefinite, definite and indefinite) and sometimes number (singular and plural).

They can also be preceded by possession prefixes, and a couple of them (although nowadays archaic) can take the pronominal suffixes to mark possession

Some of them also have a special "construct form", only used when compounding
{| class="wikitable"
!
!Singular
!Plural
|-
!Undefinite
| colspan="2" | -
|-
!Definite
|p/t(e)-*
|n(e)-*
|-
!Indefinite
|u/w-
|hen-
|}

* p(e)- is used for masculine nouns while t(e)- is used for feminine ones
* An epenthetic e is inserted when before a consonant that isn't h, when prefixed with consonants, h elides
The possessive prefixes are used in place of the definite article: they consist of the definite stem (p- for masculine, t- for feminine, n- for plural) + "é" + pronominal suffix, except in the case of the 1st person singular (pa-, ta-, na-) and the 3rd person plural (pu-, tu-, nu-).
{| class="wikitable"
! colspan="3" |
!Masculine
!Femenine
!Plural
|-
! rowspan="5" |Singular
! colspan="2" |1st
|pa-
|ta-
|na-
|-
! rowspan="2" |2nd
!M
|pék-
|ték-
|nék-
|-
!F
|pé-
|té-
|né-
|-
! rowspan="2" |3rd
!M
|péf-
|téf-
|néf-
|-
!F
|pés-
|tés-
|nés-
|-
! rowspan="3" |Plural
! colspan="2" |1st
|pén-
|tén-
|nén-
|-
! colspan="2" |2nd
|péten-
|téten-
|néten-
|-
! colspan="2" |3rd
|pu-
|tu-
|nu-
|}

=== Verbs ===

Modern Coptic has a copious amount of verb tenses

{| class="wikitable"
!Tense
!Explanation
!English
|-
!Infinitive
|Infinitive
|to V
|-
!Present
|Main present tense
|I(‘m) V(-ing)
|-
!Future
|Main future tense
|I’ll V
|-
!Imperfect
|Ongoing action in the past
|I was V-ing
|-
!Future Imperfect
|Ongoing action in the future
|I will be V-ing
|-
!Past
|Main past tense / Perfect
|I V-ed / I have V-ed
|-
!Habitual
|Habitual (present) tense
|I normally V
|-
!Past Imperfect
|Ongoing action before a finished action
|I had V-ed
|-
!Habitual Imperfect
|Habitual past tense
|I used to V
|-
!Jussive
|Giving orders (not 2nd person)
|I should V
|-
!Subordinate Present
|Subordinate clauses in the present
|that I V
|-
!Subordinate Future
|Subordinate clauses in the future
|that I’ll V
|-
!Subordinate Past
|Subordinate clauses in the past
|that I V-ed
|-
!Subordinate Habitual
|Subordinate clauses in the habitual
|that I normally V
|-
!Conditional
|Conditional tense
|I would V
|-
!Conjunctive
|Same time as the main clause
|also I V/V-ed
|-
!Resultative
|Result of the main clause
|so I V/V-ed
|-
!Imperative
|Giving orders (only 2nd person)
|V!
|}

Contionary:愛

2024-09-30T05:59:31Z

ManuStorm: /* Kundarayo */

== [[Dan'a'yo]] ==
{| class="floatright wikitable"
! colspan="2" | Fact Table
|-
! 中
| [[単亜語/HSK/1|HSK/1]]
|-
! 日
| [[単亜語/常用/4|4]]
|-
! 韓
| [[単亜語/敎育用基礎漢字/中|中]]
|-
! colspan="2" | {{C|SKIP/2/4/9}}
|-
! colspan="2" | {{C|Radical/61}} (心)
|}


=== Alternative Forms ===
Hanmun: {{C|애}} ; Latin: {{C|'ai}}; Unacceptable: 愛, 爱, 㤅, 薆, 𢙴, 𢛭, 𢜤, 𤔠, 𤔤, 𢟪, 𢖻

=== Pronunciation ===
(''Dan'a'yo'') [[Guide:IPA|IPA]]: /aj/

=== Verb ===
''tr.''
# to love
# to treasure
# to be fond of
# to be in love with
{{Aquatiki}}
[[Category:Dan'a'yo nouns]] [[Category:Dan'a'yo words]]

==Kundarayo==
===Pronunciation===
Yndok (音讀): '''<big>애 </big>''' /e/

Hundok (訓讀): '''<big>숙 </big>''' /suk/ [suk̚]

===Etymology===
Cognate with Japanese 好き (suki)
===Verb===
# to like
# to love

[[Category:Kundarayo words]]

Contionary:爪

2024-08-24T12:12:55Z

ManuStorm: /* Kundarayo */

== [[Dan'a'yo]] ==
{| class="floatright wikitable"
! colspan="2" | Fact Table
|-
! 中
| HSK/4
|-
! 日
| 高等
|-
! 韓
| 이름
|-
! SKIP
| 3/3/1
|-
! Radical
| 爪
|}


=== Alternative Forms ===
Manmun: {{C|좟}} ; Latin: {{C|jwau}}

=== Pronunciation ===
(''Dan'a'yo'') [[Guide:IPA|IPA]]: /jwaw/

=== Noun ===
# claw, animal foot

== [[Kundarayo]] ==
=== Pronunciation ===
Yndok (音讀): '''<big>조 </big>''' /tjo/ [tɕo]~[dʑo]

Hundok (訓讀): '''<big>투매 </big>''' /tʰume/

Hundok (訓讀): '''<big>투마 </big>''' /tʰuma/

=== Etymology ===
Cognate with Japanese 爪 (tsume)
=== Noun ===
# nail, claw

[[Category:Kundarayo words]]
{{Aquatiki}}
[[Category:Contionary]] [[Category:Dan'a'yo nouns]] [[Category:Dan'a'yo words]]

Contionary:女

2024-08-24T12:07:48Z

ManuStorm: /* Kundarayo */

== [[Dan'a'yo]] ==
{| class="floatright wikitable"
! colspan="2" | Fact Table
|-
! 中
| HSK/1
|-
! 日
| 1
|-
! 韓
| 中
|-
! SKIP
| 4/3/4
|-
! Radical
| 女
|}


=== Alternative Forms ===
Hanmun: {{C|뇻}} ; Latin: {{C|nyou}}

=== Pronunciation ===
(''Dan'a'yo'') [[Guide:IPA|IPA]]: /njou/

=== Noun ===
# 'chick', 'babe', 'dame', 'bird'
#* ''This word is the rude one for a woman/female. It is considered slang or slightly vulgar. To be intimate without (necessarily) being derogatory, use {{Ruby|{{C|女女}}|뇻뇻}}, meaning "little woman" or "little lady". The normal word for 'woman' is {{Ruby|{{C|女人}}|뇻닌}}.

==Kundarayo==
===Pronunciation===
Yndok (音讀): '''<big>녀 </big>''' /njʌ/ [ɲʌ]

Hundok (訓讀): '''<big>워미나 </big>''' /wʌmina/

===Etymology===
Cognate with Japanese 女 (onna)
===Noun===
# woman
# she

{{Aquatiki}}
[[Category:Dan'a'yo nouns]] [[Category:Dan'a'yo words]][[Category:Kundarayo words]]

Contionary:女

2024-08-24T12:07:03Z

ManuStorm:

Contionary:一

2024-08-24T08:55:41Z

ManuStorm: /* Pronunciation */

== [[Dan'a'yo]] ==
{| class="floatright wikitable"
! colspan="2" | Fact Table
|-
! [[単亜語/Swadesh|Swadesh]]
| 22
|-
! 中
| [[単亜語/HSK/1|HSK/1]]
|-
! 日
| [[単亜語/常用/1|1]]
|-
! 韓
| [[単亜語/敎育用基礎漢字/中|中]]
|-
! colspan="2"| {{C|SKIP/4/1/4}}
|-
! colspan="2" | {{C|Radical/1}} (一)
|}


=== Alternative Forms ===
Hanmun: {{C|읻}} ; Latin: {{C|'id}}

=== Pronunciation ===
(''Dan'a'yo'') [[Guide:IPA|IPA]]: /it̚/

=== Numeral ===
# one

=== Usage Notes ===
For anti-forgery purposes, use {{C|壱}}

{{Aquatiki}}
[[Category:Contionary]] [[Category:Dan'a'yo numbers]] [[Category:Dan'a'yo words]]

==Sino-Magyar==
{| class="floatright" border=1 cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0"
|- valign="center"
| bgcolor="#58D3F7"|
'''Old & New Form'''
| 一
|- valign="center"
| bgcolor="#D8F781"|
'''Alt. Old Form'''
| 壹
|- valign="center"
| bgcolor="#D8F781"|
'''Alt. New Form'''
| 弌
|}

[[Gavnentagfaj hondzúfá|Gavgyukk hondzú]]: Year 1, number 1.

===Alternative forms===
In legal/financial applications, 壹 (Old Form)/弌 (New Form) is used.

===Etymology===
*[[Sino-Magyar#Hondzú|Ma]]: Proto-Finno-Ugric *''ikte''
*[[Sino-Magyar#Hondzú|Hon]]: Middle Chinese /ʔiɪt̚/

===Pronunciation===
(''Sino-Magyar'') [[Guide:IPA|IPA]]:
* Ma: [ɛɟ], [ɛɟɛ-]
* Hon: [iːt̚], [ɛt̚], [ɛtː], [ɛɟ]
===Number===
'''一''' (Cyrillic: єђ, єђє-)

# one (RWH: egy, egye-)

==Kundarayo==
===Pronunciation===
Yndok (音讀): '''<big>일 </big>''' /ir/ [il]

Hundok (訓讀): '''<big>피드 </big>''' /pʰitɨ/ [pʰidɨ]

===Etymology===
Cognate with Japanese 一 (hito)
===Noun===
# one, only
===Compounds and Derivates===
* 一口 (피드구지) brief mouthfull
* 一雨 (피드아매) brief rain, shower
* 一日 (피드가) one day
[[Category:Kundarayo words]]

[[Category:Contionary]] [[Category:Sino-Magyar numbers]] [[Category:Sino-Magyar words]]

Contionary:月

2024-08-24T08:55:09Z

ManuStorm: /* Pronunciation */

== [[Dan'a'yo]] ==
{| class="floatright wikitable"
! colspan="2" | Fact Table
|-
! Swadesh
| 148
|-
! 中
| [[単亜語/HSK/1|HSK/1]]
|-
! 日
| [[単亜語/常用/1|1]]
|-
! 韓
| [[単亜語/敎育用基礎漢字/中|中]]
|-
! colspan="2" | {{C|SKIP/3/2/2}}
|-
! colspan="2"| {{C|Radical/74}} (月)
|}

=== Alternative Forms ===
Hanmun: {{C|웓}} ; Latin: {{C|'wed}}

=== Pronunciation ===
(''Dan'a'yo'') [[Guide:IPA|IPA]]: /wet/

=== Noun ===
# moon, the moon
# month

{{Aquatiki}}
[[Category:Dan'a'yo words]] [[Category:Dan'a'yo nouns]]

==Sino-Magyar==

{| class="floatright" border=1 cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0"
|- valign="center"
| bgcolor="#58D3F7"|
'''Old & New Form'''
| 月
|}

[[Gavnentagfaj hondzúfá|Gavgyukk hondzú]]: Year 1, number 20. 4 strokes.

===Etymology===
*[[Sino-Magyar#Hondzú|Ma]]:
*[[Sino-Magyar#Hondzú|Hon]]: Middle Chinese /ŋʉɐt̚/

===Pronunciation===
(''Sino-Magyar'') [[Guide:IPA|IPA]]:
* Ma: [hold]; [hoː], [hɒv-]
* Hon: [gwøt̚], [gwøtː]

===Noun===
'''月''' (Cyrillic: 1. холд; 2. хо, хав-)

# moon (RWH: hold)
# month (RWH: hó, hav-)

===Derived terms===
[[Contionary:月ㆤ|月ㆤ]], [[Contionary:月ㄡㄅひゆ|月ㄡㄅひゆ]]

===Compounds===
[[Contionary:月日|月𡆠]]

==Kundarayo==
===Pronunciation===
Yndok (音讀): '''<big>월 </big>''' /wʌr/ [(ʔ)wʌl]

Hundok (訓讀): '''<big>투기 </big>''' /tʰuki/ [tʰugi]

===Etymology===
Cognate with Japanese 月 (tsuki)
===Noun===
# moon
# month
===Compounds and Derivates===
* 月日 (투기비) date (In a calendar)
[[Category:Kundarayo words]]

[[Category:Contionary]] [[Category:Sino-Magyar nouns]] [[Category:Sino-Magyar words]]

Contionary:我

2024-08-24T08:54:52Z

ManuStorm: /* Etymology */

== [[Dan'a'yo]] ==
{| class="floatright wikitable"
! colspan="2" | Fact Table
|-
! 中
|| HSK/1
|-
! 日
| 6
|-
! 韓
| 中
|-
! SKIP
| 4/7/3
|-
! Radical
| 戈
|-
! Swadesh
| 1
|}


=== Alternative Forms ===
Hanmun: {{C|아}} ; Latin: {{C|'a}}

=== Pronunciation ===
(''Dan'a'yo'') [[Guide:IPA|IPA]]: /a/

=== noun ===
# I, myself, me

=== Usage Notes ===
Most often dropped in conversation. Its use is typically emphatic, unless at the start of discourse or when changing topics.

{{Aquatiki}}
[[Category:Contionary]] [[Category:Dan'a'yo nouns]] [[Category:Dan'a'yo words]]

== [[Kundarayo]] ==
=== Pronunciation ===
Yndok (音讀): '''<big>아 </big>''' /a/

Hundok (訓讀): '''<big>와 </big>''' /wa/

=== Etymology ===
From P-Japonic *wa, compare Japanese 我が (wa-ga)

=== Pronoun ===
# I, me

[[Category:Contionary]] [[Category:Kundarayo words]]

Contionary:日

2024-08-24T08:53:58Z

ManuStorm: /* Pronunciation */

== [[Dan'a'yo]] ==
{| class="floatright wikitable"
! colspan="2" | Fact Table
|-
! 中
| HSK/1
|-
! 日
| 1
|-
! 韓
| 中
|-
! SKIP
| 3/3/1
|-
! Radical
| 日
|}

=== Alternative Forms ===
Hanmun: {{C|닏}} ; Latin: {{C|nid}}

=== Pronunciation ===
(''Dan'a'yo'') [[Guide:IPA|IPA]]: /nIt/

=== Noun ===
In ancient times, this was a picture of the sun, a circle with its equator drawn.
# a day, literally 24 hours
# daytime, from sunrise to sunset
# a day of the month or some other larger division of time
#* meta., time, epoch, era
# an abbreviation for Japan, the 'sun's origin'
# an abbreviation for birthday
# an abbreviation for Sunday

=== Swadesh ===
178

{{Aquatiki}}
[[Category:Dan'a'yo nouns]] [[Category:Dan'a'yo words]]

==Sino-Magyar==

{| class="floatright" border=1 cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0"
|- valign="center"
| bgcolor="#58D3F7"|
'''New Form'''
| 日
|- valign="center"
| bgcolor="#58D3F7"|
'''Old Form'''
| 𡆠
|}

[[Gavnentagfaj hondzúfá|Gavgyukk hondzú]]: Year 1, number 21. 4 strokes. Old form 𡆠 now used only in the compound [[Contionary:月日|月𡆠]].

===Etymology===
*[[Sino-Magyar#Hondzú|Ma]]:
*[[Sino-Magyar#Hondzú|Hon]]: Middle Chinese /ȵiɪt̚/

===Pronunciation===
(''Sino-Magyar'') [[Guide:IPA|IPA]]:
* Ma: [nɒp]
* Hon: [jit̚], [ɲit̚], [jitː], [ɲitː]

===Noun===
'''日''' (Cyrillic: нап)

# day (RWH: nap)
# sun (RWH: nap)

===Derived terms===
[[Contionary:日ㆤ|日ㆤ]], [[Contionary:日ㄡㄅひゆ|日ㄡㄅひゆ]]

===Compounds===
[[Contionary:月日|月𡆠]]

==Kundarayo==
===Pronunciation===
Yndok (音讀): '''<big>일 </big>''' /ir/ [il]

Hundok (訓讀): '''<big>피 </big>''' /pʰi/

Hundok (訓讀): '''<big>-가 </big>''' /ka/ [ga]

With Iendak (連濁): '''<big>비 </big>би''' /pi/ [bi]

===Etymology===
Cognate with Japanese 日 (hi)
===Noun===
# day, sun

===Compounds and Derivates===
* 昼 (필) daytime
* 日日 (피비) daily
* 日影 (피간개) shadow
* 日向 (피묵) east (lit: sun-facing)
* 日子 (피고) young boy

===Etymology===
Cognate with Japanese -日 (-ka)
===Suffix===
# day
===Usage===
This suffix is suffixed to native numerals
===Compounds and Derivates===
* 一日 (피드가) one day
* 二日 (푸다가) two days
* 三日 (미가) three days
[[Category:Contionary]] [[Category:Sino-Magyar nouns]] [[Category:Sino-Magyar words]][[Category:Kundarayo words]]

Contionary:我

2024-08-24T08:52:38Z

ManuStorm: /* Kundarayo */

== [[Dan'a'yo]] ==
{| class="floatright wikitable"
! colspan="2" | Fact Table
|-
! 中
|| HSK/1
|-
! 日
| 6
|-
! 韓
| 中
|-
! SKIP
| 4/7/3
|-
! Radical
| 戈
|-
! Swadesh
| 1
|}


=== Alternative Forms ===
Hanmun: {{C|아}} ; Latin: {{C|'a}}

=== Pronunciation ===
(''Dan'a'yo'') [[Guide:IPA|IPA]]: /a/

=== noun ===
# I, myself, me

=== Usage Notes ===
Most often dropped in conversation. Its use is typically emphatic, unless at the start of discourse or when changing topics.

{{Aquatiki}}
[[Category:Contionary]] [[Category:Dan'a'yo nouns]] [[Category:Dan'a'yo words]]

== [[Kundarayo]] ==
=== Pronunciation ===
Yndok (音讀): '''<big>아 </big>''' /a/

Hundok (訓讀): '''<big>와 </big>''' /wa/

=== Etymology ===
From P-Japonic *wa, compare Japanese 我が
=== Pronoun ===
# I, me

[[Category:Contionary]] [[Category:Kundarayo words]]

Contionary:冬

2024-08-24T08:52:08Z

ManuStorm: /* Kundarayo */

== [[Dan'a'yo]] ==
{| class="floatright wikitable"
! colspan="2" | Fact Table
|-
! 中
| HSK/1
|-
! 日
| 2
|-
! 韓
| 中
|-
! SKIP
| 2/3/2
|-
! Radical
| 冫
|}


=== Alternative Forms ===
Hanmun: {{C|통}} ; Latin: {{C|tong}}, toŋ

=== Pronunciation ===
(''Dan'a'yo'') [[Guide:IPA|IPA]]: /toŋ/
* Note: The pronunciation was altered to have monosyllabic names for the seasons.
=== Noun ===
# winter

{{Aquatiki}}

[[Category:Contionary]] [[Category:Dan'a'yo nouns]] [[Category:Dan'a'yo words]]

== [[Kundarayo]] ==
=== Pronunciation ===
Yndok (音讀): '''<big>동 </big>''' /toŋ/ [toŋ]~[doŋ]

Hundok (訓讀): '''<big>푸유 </big>''' /pʰuju/

=== Etymology ===
Cognate with Japanese 冬 (fuyu)
=== Noun ===
# winter

[[Category:Kundarayo words]]
[[Category:Contionary]]

Contionary:中

2024-08-24T08:51:43Z

ManuStorm: /* Kundarayo */

== [[Dan'a'yo]] ==
{| class="floatright wikitable"
! colspan="2" | Fact Table
|-
! 中
| [[単亜語/HSK/1|HSK/1]]
|-
! 日
| [[単亜語/常用/1|1]]
|-
! 韓
| [[単亜語/敎育用基礎漢字/中|中]]
|-
! colspan="2" | {{C|SKIP/4/4/3}}
|-
! colspan="2" | {{C|Radical/2}} (丨)
|}


=== Alternative Forms ===
Manmun: {{C|중}} ; Latin: {{C|jung}}

=== Pronunciation ===
(''Dan'a'yo'') [[Guide:IPA|IPA]]: /t͡ɕuŋ/

=== Verbal Affix ===
# as a verbal suffix, this is the progressive aspect marker.
# in compounds, it means "middle". For a stand-alone word, use {{Ruby|中央|중양}}.
#* Because China is {{Ruby|中国|중곡}}, it may be used as the abbreviation for "China".

{{Aquatiki}}
[[Category:Contionary]] [[Category:Dan'a'yo affixes]]

==Sino-Magyar==

{| class="floatright" border=1 cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0"
|- valign="center"
| bgcolor="#58D3F7"|
'''Old & New Form'''
| 中
|}

[[Gavnentagfaj hondzúfá|Gavgyukk hondzú]]: Year 1, number 17.

===Etymology===
*[[Sino-Magyar#Hondzú|Ma]]:
*[[Sino-Magyar#Hondzú|Hon]]: Middle Chinese /ʈɨuŋ/

===Pronunciation===
(''Sino-Magyar'') [[Guide:IPA|IPA]]:
* Ma: [køz] [ˈkøzɛ-], [køzeː-], [køzø-]
* Hon: [t͡ʃun], [t͡ʃuŋɡ]

===Noun===
'''中''' (Cyrillic: кѫз, кѫзє-, кѫзѫ-)

# middle (RWH: köz, köze-, közö-)

===Derived terms===
[[Contionary:中ㄨおㄅ|中ㄨおㄅ]]; [[Contionary:中おゝま|中おゝま]], [[Contionary:中おまおㅅ|中おまおㅅ]]; [[Contionary:中ひゝ|中ひゝ]]; [[Contionary:中おまおひゝお|中おまおひゝお]].

===Compounds===
[[Contionary:中学|中学]]

[[Category:Sino-Magyar nouns]] [[Category:Sino-Magyar words]]

== [[Kundarayo]] ==
=== Pronunciation ===
Yndok (音讀): '''<big>중 </big>''' /tjuŋ/ [tɕuŋ]~[dʑuŋ]

Hundok (訓讀): '''<big>나가 </big>''' /naka/ [naga]

=== Etymology ===
Cognate with Japanese 中 (naka)
=== Noun ===
# Middle, inside
===Compounds and Derivates===
* 中庭 (나가니바) countryside
* 中身 (나가미) contents, substance
* 真中 (마나가) dead center

=== Etymology ===
From Korean, from Middle Chinese trjuwng
=== Adjective ===
# Middle, second (in a scale of three)
# In the process of...
# Between
# (Shortening from 중국) China

===Compounds and Derivates===
* 中間 (중간) mid-way
* 中韓 (중한) Sino-Korean
* 中堅 (중건) backbone
* 中古 (중고) secondhand
* 中國 (중국) China
* 中毒 (중독) addiction
* 空中 (공중) aerial, midair
* 途中 (도중) en route
* 命中 (명중) hit a target
* 市中 (시중) market
...

[[Category:Kundarayo words]]
[[Category:Contionary]]

Contionary:上

2024-08-24T08:50:15Z

ManuStorm: /* Pronunciation */

== [[Dan'a'yo]] ==
{| class="floatright wikitable"
! colspan="2" | Fact Table
|-
! 中
| [[単亜語/HSK/1|HSK/1]]
|-
! 日
| [[単亜語/常用/1|1]]
|-
! 韓
| [[単亜語/敎育用基礎漢字/中|中]]
|-
! colspan="2" | {{C|SKIP/4/3/2}}
|-
! colspan="2" | {{C|Radical/1}} (一)
|}

=== Alternative Forms ===
Hanmun: {{C|샹}} ; Latin: {{C|syaŋ}}; unacceptable: 丄

=== Pronunciation ===
(''Dan'a'yo'') [[Guide:IPA|IPA]]: /sjaŋ/

=== Noun ===
# up, above, over, top
#* Westerns should be careful not to use this word as a preposition. That effect can be achieved with {{Ruby|上於|샹오}}.

{{Aquatiki}}
[[Category:Dan'a'yo nouns]] [[Category:Dan'a'yo words]]

==Sino-Magyar==
{| class="floatright" border=1 cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0"
|- valign="center"
| bgcolor="#58D3F7"|
'''Old & New Form'''
| 上
|}

[[Gavnentagfaj hondzúfá|Gavgyukk hondzú]]: Year 1, number 13.

===Etymology===
*[[Sino-Magyar#Hondzú|Ma]]:
*[[Sino-Magyar#Hondzú|Hon]]: Middle Chinese /d͡ʑɨɐŋH/

===Pronunciation===
(''Sino-Magyar'') [[Guide:IPA|IPA]]:
* Ma: [fɛl]
* Hon: [t͡ʃøn], [t͡ʃøŋɡ], [ʃɒn]

===Adverb===
'''上''' (Cyrillic: фєл)

# up (RWH: fel)

===Derived terms===
[[Contionary:上ひゝ|上ひゝ]], 上ひゝㆤ; [[Contionary:上ㄅひ|上ㄅひ]]; [[Contionary:上半おゝ|上半おゝ]]; [[Contionary:上ㅅよゝ|上ㅅよゝ]]; [[Contionary:上んめ|上んめ]]; [[Contionary:上んめおひ|上んめおひ]]; [[Contionary:上んめおひおㅅ|上んめおひおㅅ]].

===Compounds===
[[Contionary:上立|上立]]

[[Category:Sino-Magyar adverbs]] [[Category:Sino-Magyar words]]

== [[Kundarayo]] ==
=== Pronunciation ===
Yndok (音讀): '''<big>상 </big>санг''' /saŋ/

Hundok (訓讀): '''<big>우배 </big>убай''' /upe/ [ube]

Hundok (訓讀): '''<big>우반 </big>убан''' /upan/ [uban]

Hundok (訓讀): '''<big>우바</big> уба''' /upa/ [uba]

=== Etymology ===
From P-Japonic *upai, compare Japanese 上 (ue)
=== Noun ===
# up

===Compounds and Derivates===
* 上手 (우바대) superior
* 上牙 (우바바) upper teeth
* 上辺 (우바배) surface

=== Etymology ===
Compound of earlier *upa and the preposition *ni, compare Japanese 上に (ue ni)
=== Preposition ===
# up
# in the surface
[[Category:Kundarayo words]]

[[Category:Contionary]]

Contionary:七

2024-08-24T08:49:24Z

ManuStorm: /* Pronunciation */

== [[Dan'a'yo]] ==
{| class="floatright wikitable"
! colspan="2" | Fact Table
|-
! 中
|| HSK/1
|-
! 日
|| 1
|-
! 韓
| 中
|-
! colspan="2" | {{C|SKIP/4/2/2}}
|-
! colspan="2" | {{C|Radical/1}} (一)
|}


=== Alternative Forms ===
Manmun: {{C|칟}} ; Latin: {{C|cid}}

=== Pronunciation ===
(''Dan'a'yo'') [[Guide:IPA|IPA]]: /t͡ɕʰit̚/

=== Numeral ===
# seven

=== Usage Notes ===
For anti-forgery purposes, use {{C|漆}}

{{Aquatiki}}
[[Category:Contionary]] [[Category:Dan'a'yo numbers]] [[Category:Dan'a'yo words]]

==Sino-Magyar==
{| class="floatright" border=1 cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0"
|- valign="center"
| bgcolor="#58D3F7"|
'''New Form'''
| 七
|- valign="center"
| bgcolor="#58D3F7"|
'''Old Form'''
| 𠀁
|- valign="center"
| bgcolor="#D8F781"|
'''Alt. Form Old & New'''
| 柒
|}

[[Gavnentagfaj hondzúfá|Gavgyukk hondzú]]: Year 1, number 7.

===Alternative forms===
In legal/financial applications, 柒 is used.

===Etymology===
*[[Sino-Magyar#Hondzú|Ma]]:
*[[Sino-Magyar#Hondzú|Hon]]: Middle Chinese /t͡sʰiɪt̚/

===Pronunciation===
(''Sino-Magyar'') [[Guide:IPA|IPA]]:
* Ma: [heːt] [hɛtɛ-]
* Hon: [siːt̚], [sɛt̚], [sɛtː]
===Number===
'''七''' (Cyrillic: хєт, хєтє-)

# seven (RWH: hét, hete-)

==Kundarayo==
===Pronunciation===
Yndok (音讀): '''<big>칠 </big>''' /tʰir/ [tɕʰil]

Hundok (訓讀): '''<big>나나 </big>''' /nana/

===Etymology===
Cognate with Japanese 七 (nana)
===Noun===
# seven

[[Category:Kundarayo words]]

[[Category:Contionary]] [[Category:Sino-Magyar numbers]] [[Category:Sino-Magyar words]]

Contionary:大

2024-08-24T08:48:51Z

ManuStorm: /* Kundarayo */

== [[Dan'a'yo]] ==
{| class="floatright wikitable"
! colspan="2" | Fact Table
|-
! 中
| [[単亜語/HSK/1|HSK/1]]
|-
! 日
| [[単亜語/常用/1|1]]
|-
! 韓
| [[単亜語/敎育用基礎漢字/中|中]]
|-
! colspan="2" | {{C|SKIP/4/3/4}}
|-
! colspan="2" | {{C|Radical/37}} (大)
|-
! [[Linguistics:Universal Language/Swadesh|Swadesh]]
| [[単亜語/Swadesh|23]]
|}


=== Alternative Forms ===
Hanmun: {{C|대}} ; Latin: {{C|dai}}

=== Pronunciation ===
(''Dan'a'yo'') [[Guide:IPA|IPA]]: /toŋ/
* Note: The pronunciation was altered to have monosyllabic names for each season.
=== Adjective ===
# big, large

=== Compounds ===
: = {{C|一}} + {{C|人}}
* + {{C|Radical/3|丶}} (above) = {{C|犬}}
* + {{C|Radical/3|丶}} (below) = {{C|太}}
* For all other derivations, see {{C|Radical/37}}

{{Aquatiki}}
[[Category:Contionary]] [[Category:Dan'a'yo adjectives]] [[Category:Dan'a'yo words]]

==Sino-Magyar==

{| class="floatright" border=1 cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0"
|- valign="center"
| bgcolor="#58D3F7"|
'''Old & New Form'''
| 大
|}

[[Gavnentagfaj hondzúfá|Gavgyukk hondzú]]: Year 1, number 18.

===Etymology===
*[[Sino-Magyar#Hondzú|Ma]]:
*[[Sino-Magyar#Hondzú|Hon]]: Middle Chinese /dɑiH/

===Pronunciation===
(''Sino-Magyar'') [[Guide:IPA|IPA]]:
* Ma: [nɒɟ]; [føː]
* Hon: [dɒj], [daː], [dɒ-]'

===Adjective===
'''大''' (Cyrillic: 1. нађ; 2. фѫ)

# big, large (RWH: nagy)
# main, major, chief, primary (RWH: fő)

===Noun===
'''大''' (Cyrillic: фѫ)

# chief, the main thing, the primary thing (RWH: fő)

===Derived terms===
[[Contionary:大ㆤゆ|大ㆤゆ]]

===Compounds===
[[Contionary:大学|大学]]

== [[Kundarayo]] ==
=== Pronunciation ===
Yndok (音讀): '''<big>대 </big>''' /te/ [te]~[de]

Hundok (訓讀): '''<big>으븟 </big>''' /ɨpɨs/ [ɨbɨt̚]

=== Etymology ===
From P-Japonic *əpə and *-si
=== Adjective ===
# Big

[[Category:Contionary]] [[Category:Sino-Magyar nouns]] [[Category:Sino-Magyar adjectives]] [[Category:Sino-Magyar words]][[Category:Kundarayo words]]

Kundarayo

2024-08-24T08:48:38Z

ManuStorm:

== Introduction ==
Kundarayo (Natively: 쿤다라요 [kʰundarajo]) is a Japonic language spoken around the Northers parts of Korea and China. Since time inmemorial, it has been assimilated into first the Goguryeo Kingdom, then the Korean Choseon Country, and the following occupation of Japan and "Liberation" of Korea thereafter.

== Phonology ==

=== Consonants ===
{| class="wikitable"
!
!Labial
!Alveolar
!Dorsal
|-
! rowspan="2" |Plosive
|ph
|th
|kh
|-
|p
|t
|k
|-
!Fricative
|
|s
|h
|-
!Nasal
|m
|n
|ŋ
|-
!Approximant
|w
|ɾ
|j
|}

* Between vowels or at the beginning of sentences when they start with a vowel an intrusive [ʔ] is appended as an onset
* When intervocalicly, /p t k/ become [b d g]
* When at the end of a syllable, /p t s k ɾ/ become [p̚ t̚ t̚ k̚ l]
* The phonemes /th t s n h/ display palatalization, becoming [tɕh tɕ~ʥ ɕ ɲ ç]
* ŋ* and h* only occur in Chinese loans in Standard Kundara
* ŋ* only occurs in the coda and h* only on the onset
* The cluster /hw/ is normally said as [ɸ]

=== Monophthongs ===
{| class="wikitable"
!
!Front
!Central
!Back
|-
!High
|i
|ɨ
|u
|-
!Mid
|e
|ʌ
|o
|-
!Low
|
|a
|
|}

* Clusters in the form /CjV/ and /CwV/ only occur in Chinese loans, and in those, /wo/ and /jɨ/ /wɨ/ don't occur.
* Since /ɨ/ and /i/ are in complementary distribution, some (Russian) linguists claim that they are the same phoneme, with /"jɨ"/ and /"wɨ"/ being [i] and [wi], however they come from different phonemes, and though /i/ is the only monophthong which palatalizes consonants, it also appears in native vocabulary, making it more of an monophthong. In this page we will consider /ɨ/ and /i/ separate phonemes

=== Diphthongs ===
{| class="wikitable"
!
!a
!ʌ
!o
!u
!i
!e
|-
!j-
|ja
|jʌ
|jo
|ju
|(i)
|je
|-
!w-
|wa
|wʌ
!
|(u)
|wi
|we
|}

== Orthography ==
Although Kundara has had various orthographies, the most commonly in use today is Hangeul:

=== Hangeul ===
{| class="wikitable"
!ph
!th
!kh
!p
!t
!k
!s
!h
!m
!n
!ŋ
!ɾ
|-
|ᄑ
|ᄐ*
|ᄏ
|ᄇ
|ᄃ*
|ᄀ
|ᄉ
|ᄒ
|ᄆ
|ᄂ
|ᄋ*
|ᄅ
|}

* The letters ᄎ and ᄌ are used instead of ᄐ and ᄃ when palatalized
* ᄋ is used as a placeholder in onset position

{| class="wikitable"
!
!a
!ʌ
!ɨ
!o
!u
!i
! colspan="2" |e*
|-
!-
|아
|어
|으
|오
|우
|이
|애
|에
|-
!j-
|야
|여
! rowspan="2" |
|요
|유
!
|얘
|예
|-
!w-
|와
|워
!
!
|위
|왜
|웨
|}
* Similar to Korean, the old diphthongs *ai and *ei both are now pronounced [e], however 애 (*ai) is more common, and its the one used for modern loans.

== Grammar ==

=== Particles ===
Kundara uses a handful of particles or postpositions to mark important roles or relationships between words
{| class="wikitable"
!Particle
!Use
!Jap. Eq.
!Used after
|-
|가
|Marks the topic
|が
|Nouns
|-
|가
|Marks a question
|か
|Verbs
|-
|워
|Marks the object
|を
|Nouns
|-
|두
|Genitive particle
|の
|Nouns
|-
|바
| rowspan="2" |Marks the subject
| rowspan="2" |は
|Nouns
|-
|느
|Nouns
|-
|니
|Marks position or direction
|に、へ
|Nouns
|-
|알
|Connects nominal adjectives
|な
|Adjectives
|-
|드
|Conects words together
|で
|Everything
|}

Contionary:爪

2024-08-24T08:44:49Z

ManuStorm: /* Kundarayo */

== [[Dan'a'yo]] ==
{| class="floatright wikitable"
! colspan="2" | Fact Table
|-
! 中
| HSK/4
|-
! 日
| 高等
|-
! 韓
| 이름
|-
! SKIP
| 3/3/1
|-
! Radical
| 爪
|}


=== Alternative Forms ===
Manmun: {{C|좟}} ; Latin: {{C|jwau}}

=== Pronunciation ===
(''Dan'a'yo'') [[Guide:IPA|IPA]]: /jwaw/

=== Noun ===
# claw, animal foot

== [[Kundarayo]] ==
=== Pronunciation ===
Yndok (音讀): '''<big>조 </big>''' /tjo/ [tɕo]~[dʑo]

Hundok (訓讀): '''<big>투매 </big>''' /tʰume/

Hundok (訓讀): '''<big>투마 </big>''' /tʰuma/

=== Etymology ===
Cognate with Japanese 爪 (tsume)
=== Noun ===
# nail, claw

{{Aquatiki}}
[[Category:Contionary]] [[Category:Dan'a'yo nouns]] [[Category:Dan'a'yo words]]

Contionary:爪

2024-08-24T08:40:04Z

ManuStorm:

== [[Dan'a'yo]] ==
{| class="floatright wikitable"
! colspan="2" | Fact Table
|-
! 中
| HSK/4
|-
! 日
| 高等
|-
! 韓
| 이름
|-
! SKIP
| 3/3/1
|-
! Radical
| 爪
|}


=== Alternative Forms ===
Manmun: {{C|좟}} ; Latin: {{C|jwau}}

=== Pronunciation ===
(''Dan'a'yo'') [[Guide:IPA|IPA]]: /jwaw/

=== Noun ===
# claw, animal foot

== [[Kundarayo]] ==
=== Pronunciation ===
Yndok (音讀): '''<big>조 </big>''' /tjo/ [tɕo]~[dʑo]

Hundok (訓讀): '''<big>투매 </big>''' /tʰume/

=== Etymology ===
Cognate with Japanese 爪 (tsume)
=== Noun ===
# nail, claw

{{Aquatiki}}
[[Category:Contionary]] [[Category:Dan'a'yo nouns]] [[Category:Dan'a'yo words]]

Contionary:木

2024-08-24T08:33:35Z

ManuStorm:

== [[Dan'a'yo]] ==
{| class="floatright wikitable"
! colspan="2" | Fact Table
|-
! Swadesh
| 51
|-
! 中
| [[単亜語/HSK/2|HSK/2]]
|-
! 日
| [[単亜語/常用/1|1]]
|-
! 韓
| [[単亜語/敎育用基礎漢字/中|中]]
|-
! colspan="2" | {{C|SKIP/4/4/3}}
|-
! colspan="2"| {{C|Radical/75}} (木)
|}

=== Alternative Forms ===
Hanmun: {{C|목}} ; Latin: {{C|mog}}

=== Pronunciation ===
(''Dan'a'yo'') [[Guide:IPA|IPA]]: /mok̚/

=== Noun ===
# tree, bush
# determiner for trees/bushes

{{Aquatiki}}
[[Category:Contionary]] [[Category:Dan'a'yo determiners]] [[Category:Dan'a'yo words]] [[Category:Dan'a'yo nouns]]

==Sino-Magyar==
{| class="floatright" border=1 cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0"
|- valign="center"
| bgcolor="#58D3F7"|
'''New & Old Form'''
| 木
|}

[[Gavnentagfaj hondzúfá|Gavgyukk hondzú]]: Year 1, number 24. 4 strokes.

===Etymology===
*[[Sino-Magyar#Hondzú|Ma]]:
*[[Sino-Magyar#Hondzú|Hon]]: Middle Chinese /muk̚/

===Pronunciation===
(''Sino-Magyar'') [[Guide:IPA|IPA]]:
* Ma: [ˈfɒ]
* Hon: [muk̚], [mukː]

===Noun===
'''木''' (Cyrillic: фа)

# tree; wood (RWH: fa)

===Adjective===
'''木''' (Cyrillic: фа)

# wooden (RWH: fa)

===Derived terms===
[[Contionary:木ゆて|木ゆて]], [[Contionary:木ゆてひ|木ゆてひ]], [[Contionary:木ゆㆳひ|木ゆㆳひ]]

== [[Kundarayo]] ==
=== Pronunciation ===
Yndok (音讀): '''<big>목 </big>''' /mok/ [mok̚]

Hundok (訓讀): '''<big>케 </big>''' /kʰe/

=== Etymology ===
From P. Japonic *kəy
=== Noun ===
# wood, tree

=== Etymology ===
From Korean, from Middle Chinese 木 muk
=== Noun ===
# wood (element)
# (shortening from 목요일) Thursday

[[Category:Kundarayo words]]
[[Category:Contionary]] [[Category:Sino-Magyar nouns]] [[Category:Sino-Magyar adjectives]] [[Category:Sino-Magyar words]]

Contionary:土

2024-08-23T10:37:35Z

ManuStorm: /* Kundarayo */

== [[Dan'a'yo]] ==
{| class="floatright wikitable"
! colspan="2" | Fact Table
|-
! 中
| HSK/2
|-
! 日
| 1
|-
! 韓
| 中
|-
! SKIP
| 4/3/2
|-
! Radical
| 土
|}

=== Alternative Forms ===
Hanmun: {{C|토}} ; Latin: {{C|to}}; Not the same as 士

=== Pronunciation ===
(''Dan'a'yo'') [[Guide:IPA|IPA]]: /tʰo/

=== Noun ===
# earth, soil, dirt

=== Swadesh ===
#59

{{Aquatiki}}
[[Category:Dan'a'yo nouns]] [[Category:Dan'a'yo words]]

==Sino-Magyar==
{| class="floatright" border=1 cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0"
|- valign="center"
| bgcolor="#58D3F7"|
'''Old & New Form'''
| 土
|}

[[Gavnentagfaj hondzúfá|Gavgyukk hondzú]]: Year 1, number 28.

===Etymology===
*[[Sino-Magyar#Hondzú|Ma]]:
*[[Sino-Magyar#Hondzú|Hon]]: Middle Chinese /tʰuoX/

===Pronunciation===
(''Sino-Magyar'') [[Guide:IPA|IPA]]:
* Ma: [tɒlɒj]
* Hon: [ho]", [hoː]

===Noun===
'''土''' (Cyrillic: талај)

# soil, earth (RWH: talaj)

== [[Kundarayo]] ==
=== Pronunciation ===
Yndok (音讀): '''<big>토 </big>''' /tʰo/

Hundok (訓讀): '''<big>툳 </big>''' /tʰut/ [tʰut̚]

With Iendak: '''<big>둗 </big>''' /tut/ [dut̚]

=== Etymology ===
Cognate with Japanese 土 (tsuchi)
=== Noun ===
# dirt

===Compounds and Derivates===
* 真土 (마둗) fertile soil

=== Etymology ===
From Korean, from Middle Chinese 土 thuX
=== Noun ===
# dirt (element)
# (shortening from 토요일) Friday

[[Category:Kundarayo words]]

[[Category:Contionary]] [[Category:Sino-Magyar nouns]] [[Category:Sino-Magyar words]]

Kundarayo

2024-08-23T08:03:36Z

ManuStorm:

== Introduction ==
Kundarayo (Natively: 쿤다라요 [kʰundarajo]) is a Japonic language spoken around the Northers parts of Korea and China. Since time inmemorial, it has been assimilated into first the Goguryeo Kingdom, then the Korean Choseon Country, and the following occupation of Japan and "Liberation" of Korea thereafter.

== Phonology ==

=== Consonants ===
{| class="wikitable"
!
!Labial
!Alveolar
!Dorsal
|-
! rowspan="2" |Plosive
|ph
|th
|kh
|-
|p
|t
|k
|-
!Fricative
|
|s
|h
|-
!Nasal
|m
|n
|ŋ
|-
!Approximant
|w
|ɾ
|j
|}

* Between vowels or at the beginning of sentences when they start with a vowel an intrusive [ʔ] is appended as an onset
* When intervocalicly, /p t k/ become [b d g]
* When at the end of a syllable, /p t s k ɾ/ become [p̚ t̚ t̚ k̚ l]
* The phonemes /th t s n h/ display palatalization, becoming [tɕh tɕ~ʥ ɕ ɲ ç]
* ŋ* and h* only occur in Chinese loans in Standard Kundara
* ŋ* only occurs in the coda and h* only on the onset
* The cluster /hw/ is normally said as [ɸ]

=== Monophthongs ===
{| class="wikitable"
!
!Front
!Central
!Back
|-
!High
|i
|ɨ
|u
|-
!Mid
|e
|ʌ
|o
|-
!Low
|
|a
|
|}

* Clusters in the form /CjV/ and /CwV/ only occur in Chinese loans, and in those, /wo/ and /jɨ/ /wɨ/ don't occur.
* Since /ɨ/ and /i/ are in complementary distribution, some (Russian) linguists claim that they are the same phoneme, with /"jɨ"/ and /"wɨ"/ being [i] and [wi], however they come from different phonemes, and though /i/ is the only monophthong which palatalizes consonants, it also appears in native vocabulary, making it more of an monophthong. In this page we will consider /ɨ/ and /i/ separate phonemes

=== Diphthongs ===
{| class="wikitable"
!
!a
!ʌ
!o
!u
!i
!e
|-
!j-
|ja
|jʌ
|jo
|ju
|(i)
|je
|-
!w-
|wa
|wʌ
!
|(u)
|wi
|we
|}

== Orthography ==
Although Kundara has had various orthographies, the most commonly in use today is Hangeul:

=== Hangeul ===
{| class="wikitable"
!ph
!th
!kh
!p
!t
!k
!s
!h
!m
!n
!ŋ
!ɾ
|-
|ᄑ
|ᄐ*
|ᄏ
|ᄇ
|ᄃ*
|ᄀ
|ᄉ
|ᄒ
|ᄆ
|ᄂ
|ᄋ*
|ᄅ
|}

* The letters ᄎ and ᄌ are used instead of ᄐ and ᄃ when palatalized
* ᄋ is used as a placeholder in onset position

{| class="wikitable"
!
!a
!ʌ
!ɨ
!o
!u
!i
! colspan="2" |e*
|-
!-
|아
|어
|으
|오
|우
|이
|애
|에
|-
!j-
|야
|여
! rowspan="2" |
|요
|유
!
|얘
|예
|-
!w-
|와
|워
!
!
|위
|왜
|웨
|}
* Similar to Korean, the old diphthongs *ai and *ei both are now pronounced [e], however 애 (*ai) is more common, and its the one used for modern loans.

=== Cyrillic ===
A Cyrillic orthography is also used when transcribing words and names
{| class="wikitable"
!Letter
!Sound
!Hangeul
|-
|а
|[a]
|아
|-
|б
|[p], [b]
|ᄇ
|-
|г
|[k], [g]
|ᄀ
|-
|д
|[t], [d]
|ᄃ
|-
|е
|[jʌ]
|여
|-
|ё
|[jo]
|요
|-
|ж
|[tɕ], [ʥ]
|ᄌ
|-
|и
|[i]
|이
|-
|к
|[kh], [k̚]
|ᄏ, ᄀ (coda)
|-
|л
|[l]
|ᄅ (coda)
|-
|м
|[m]
|ᄆ
|-
|н
|[n]
|ᄂ
|-
|о
|[o]
|오
|-
|п
|[pʰ], [p̚]
|ᄑ, ᄇ (coda)
|-
|р
|[ɾ]
|ᄅ
|-
|с
|[s]
|ᄉ
|-
|т
|[tʰ], [t̚]
|ᄐ, ᄃ/ᄉ (coda)
|-
|у
|[u]
|우
|-
|ф
|[ɸ]
|ᄒ (Cu/wV)
|-
|х
|[h], [ç]
|ᄒ
|-
|ч
|[tɕʰ]
|ᄎ
|-
|ш
|[ɕ]
|ᄉ (palatalized)
|-
|ъ
|[ʔ]
|ᄋ
|-
|ы
|[ɨ]
|으
|-
|э
|[ʌ]
|어
|-
|ю
|[ju]
|유
|-
|я
|[ja]
|야
|-
|ай
| rowspan="2" |[e]
|애
|-
|эй
|에
|-
|яй
| rowspan="2" |[je]
|얘
|-
|ей
|예
|-
|ва
|[wa]
|와
|-
|вэ
|[wʌ]
|워
|-
|ви
|[wi]
|위
|-
|вай
| rowspan="2" |[we]
|왜
|-
|вэй
|웨
|-
|нг
|[ŋ]
|ᄋ (coda)
|}

== Grammar ==

=== Particles ===
Kundara uses a handful of particles or postpositions to mark important roles or relationships between words
{| class="wikitable"
!Particle
!Use
!Jap. Eq.
!Used after
|-
|가
|Marks the topic
|が
|Nouns
|-
|가
|Marks a question
|か
|Verbs
|-
|워
|Marks the object
|を
|Nouns
|-
|두
|Genitive particle
|の
|Nouns
|-
|바
| rowspan="2" |Marks the subject
| rowspan="2" |は
|Nouns
|-
|느
|Nouns
|-
|니
|Marks position or direction
|に、へ
|Nouns
|-
|알
|Connects nominal adjectives
|な
|Adjectives
|-
|드
|Conects words together
|で
|Everything
|}

Contionary:七

2024-08-23T07:36:08Z

ManuStorm:

== [[Dan'a'yo]] ==
{| class="floatright wikitable"
! colspan="2" | Fact Table
|-
! 中
|| HSK/1
|-
! 日
|| 1
|-
! 韓
| 中
|-
! colspan="2" | {{C|SKIP/4/2/2}}
|-
! colspan="2" | {{C|Radical/1}} (一)
|}


=== Alternative Forms ===
Manmun: {{C|칟}} ; Latin: {{C|cid}}

=== Pronunciation ===
(''Dan'a'yo'') [[Guide:IPA|IPA]]: /t͡ɕʰit̚/

=== Numeral ===
# seven

=== Usage Notes ===
For anti-forgery purposes, use {{C|漆}}

{{Aquatiki}}
[[Category:Contionary]] [[Category:Dan'a'yo numbers]] [[Category:Dan'a'yo words]]

==Sino-Magyar==
{| class="floatright" border=1 cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0"
|- valign="center"
| bgcolor="#58D3F7"|
'''New Form'''
| 七
|- valign="center"
| bgcolor="#58D3F7"|
'''Old Form'''
| 𠀁
|- valign="center"
| bgcolor="#D8F781"|
'''Alt. Form Old & New'''
| 柒
|}

[[Gavnentagfaj hondzúfá|Gavgyukk hondzú]]: Year 1, number 7.

===Alternative forms===
In legal/financial applications, 柒 is used.

===Etymology===
*[[Sino-Magyar#Hondzú|Ma]]:
*[[Sino-Magyar#Hondzú|Hon]]: Middle Chinese /t͡sʰiɪt̚/

===Pronunciation===
(''Sino-Magyar'') [[Guide:IPA|IPA]]:
* Ma: [heːt] [hɛtɛ-]
* Hon: [siːt̚], [sɛt̚], [sɛtː]
===Number===
'''七''' (Cyrillic: хєт, хєтє-)

# seven (RWH: hét, hete-)

==Kundarayo==
===Pronunciation===
Yndok (音讀): '''<big>칠 </big>(ъ)ил''' /tʰir/ [tɕʰil]

Hundok (訓讀): '''<big>나나 </big>''' /nana/

===Etymology===
Cognate with Japanese 七 (nana)
===Noun===
# seven

[[Category:Kundarayo words]]

[[Category:Contionary]] [[Category:Sino-Magyar numbers]] [[Category:Sino-Magyar words]]

Contionary:月

2024-08-23T07:27:19Z

ManuStorm: /* Pronunciation */

== [[Dan'a'yo]] ==
{| class="floatright wikitable"
! colspan="2" | Fact Table
|-
! Swadesh
| 148
|-
! 中
| [[単亜語/HSK/1|HSK/1]]
|-
! 日
| [[単亜語/常用/1|1]]
|-
! 韓
| [[単亜語/敎育用基礎漢字/中|中]]
|-
! colspan="2" | {{C|SKIP/3/2/2}}
|-
! colspan="2"| {{C|Radical/74}} (月)
|}

=== Alternative Forms ===
Hanmun: {{C|웓}} ; Latin: {{C|'wed}}

=== Pronunciation ===
(''Dan'a'yo'') [[Guide:IPA|IPA]]: /wet/

=== Noun ===
# moon, the moon
# month

{{Aquatiki}}
[[Category:Dan'a'yo words]] [[Category:Dan'a'yo nouns]]

==Sino-Magyar==

{| class="floatright" border=1 cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0"
|- valign="center"
| bgcolor="#58D3F7"|
'''Old & New Form'''
| 月
|}

[[Gavnentagfaj hondzúfá|Gavgyukk hondzú]]: Year 1, number 20. 4 strokes.

===Etymology===
*[[Sino-Magyar#Hondzú|Ma]]:
*[[Sino-Magyar#Hondzú|Hon]]: Middle Chinese /ŋʉɐt̚/

===Pronunciation===
(''Sino-Magyar'') [[Guide:IPA|IPA]]:
* Ma: [hold]; [hoː], [hɒv-]
* Hon: [gwøt̚], [gwøtː]

===Noun===
'''月''' (Cyrillic: 1. холд; 2. хо, хав-)

# moon (RWH: hold)
# month (RWH: hó, hav-)

===Derived terms===
[[Contionary:月ㆤ|月ㆤ]], [[Contionary:月ㄡㄅひゆ|月ㄡㄅひゆ]]

===Compounds===
[[Contionary:月日|月𡆠]]

==Kundarayo==
===Pronunciation===
Yndok (音讀): '''<big>월 </big>(ъ)вэл''' /wʌr/ [(ʔ)wʌl]

Hundok (訓讀): '''<big>투기 </big>''' /tʰuki/ [tʰugi]

===Etymology===
Cognate with Japanese 月 (tsuki)
===Noun===
# moon
# month
===Compounds and Derivates===
* 月日 (투기비) date (In a calendar)
[[Category:Kundarayo words]]

[[Category:Contionary]] [[Category:Sino-Magyar nouns]] [[Category:Sino-Magyar words]]

Contionary:月

2024-08-23T07:26:30Z

ManuStorm:

== [[Dan'a'yo]] ==
{| class="floatright wikitable"
! colspan="2" | Fact Table
|-
! Swadesh
| 148
|-
! 中
| [[単亜語/HSK/1|HSK/1]]
|-
! 日
| [[単亜語/常用/1|1]]
|-
! 韓
| [[単亜語/敎育用基礎漢字/中|中]]
|-
! colspan="2" | {{C|SKIP/3/2/2}}
|-
! colspan="2"| {{C|Radical/74}} (月)
|}

=== Alternative Forms ===
Hanmun: {{C|웓}} ; Latin: {{C|'wed}}

=== Pronunciation ===
(''Dan'a'yo'') [[Guide:IPA|IPA]]: /wet/

=== Noun ===
# moon, the moon
# month

{{Aquatiki}}
[[Category:Dan'a'yo words]] [[Category:Dan'a'yo nouns]]

==Sino-Magyar==

{| class="floatright" border=1 cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0"
|- valign="center"
| bgcolor="#58D3F7"|
'''Old & New Form'''
| 月
|}

[[Gavnentagfaj hondzúfá|Gavgyukk hondzú]]: Year 1, number 20. 4 strokes.

===Etymology===
*[[Sino-Magyar#Hondzú|Ma]]:
*[[Sino-Magyar#Hondzú|Hon]]: Middle Chinese /ŋʉɐt̚/

===Pronunciation===
(''Sino-Magyar'') [[Guide:IPA|IPA]]:
* Ma: [hold]; [hoː], [hɒv-]
* Hon: [gwøt̚], [gwøtː]

===Noun===
'''月''' (Cyrillic: 1. холд; 2. хо, хав-)

# moon (RWH: hold)
# month (RWH: hó, hav-)

===Derived terms===
[[Contionary:月ㆤ|月ㆤ]], [[Contionary:月ㄡㄅひゆ|月ㄡㄅひゆ]]

===Compounds===
[[Contionary:月日|月𡆠]]

==Kundarayo==
===Pronunciation===
Yndok (音讀): '''<big>월 </big>(ъ)вэл''' /wʌr/ [wʌl]

Hundok (訓讀): '''<big>투기 </big>''' /tʰuki/ [tʰugi]

===Etymology===
Cognate with Japanese 月 (tsuki)
===Noun===
# moon
# month
===Compounds and Derivates===
* 月日 (투기비) date (In a calendar)
[[Category:Kundarayo words]]

[[Category:Contionary]] [[Category:Sino-Magyar nouns]] [[Category:Sino-Magyar words]]

Kundarayo

2024-08-22T08:35:38Z

ManuStorm: /* Cyrillic */

== Introduction ==
Kundarayo (Natively: 쿤다라요 [kʰundarajo]) is a Japonic language spoken around the Northers parts of Korea and China. Since time inmemorial, it has been assimilated into first the Goguryeo Kingdom, then the Korean Choseon Country, and the following occupation of Japan and "Liberation" of Korea thereafter.

== Phonology ==

=== Consonants ===
{| class="wikitable"
!
!Labial
!Alveolar
!Dorsal
|-
! rowspan="2" |Plosive
|ph
|th
|kh
|-
|p
|t
|k
|-
!Fricative
|
|s
|h
|-
!Nasal
|m
|n
|ŋ
|-
!Approximant
|w
|ɾ
|j
|}

* Between vowels or at the beginning of sentences when they start with a vowel an intrusive [ʔ] is appended as an onset
* When intervocalicly, /p t k/ become [b d g]
* When at the end of a syllable, /p t s k ɾ/ become [p̚ t̚ t̚ k̚ l]
* The phonemes /th t s n h/ display palatalization, becoming [tɕh tɕ~ʥ ɕ ɲ ç]
* ŋ* and h* only occur in Chinese loans in Standard Kundara
* ŋ* only occurs in the coda and h* only on the onset
* The cluster /hw/ is normally said as [ɸ]

=== Monophthongs ===
{| class="wikitable"
!
!Front
!Central
!Back
|-
!High
|i
|ɨ
|u
|-
!Mid
|e
|ʌ
|o
|-
!Low
|
|a
|
|}

* Clusters in the form /CjV/ and /CwV/ only occur in Chinese loans, and in those, /wo/ and /jɨ/ /wɨ/ don't occur.
* Since /ɨ/ and /i/ are in complementary distribution, some (Russian) linguists claim that they are the same phoneme, with /"jɨ"/ and /"wɨ"/ being [i] and [wi], however they come from different phonemes, and though /i/ is the only monophthong which palatalizes consonants, it also appears in native vocabulary, making it more of an monophthong. In this page we will consider /ɨ/ and /i/ separate phonemes

=== Diphthongs ===
{| class="wikitable"
!
!a
!ʌ
!o
!u
!i
!e
|-
!j-
|ja
|jʌ
|jo
|ju
|(i)
|je
|-
!w-
|wa
|wʌ
!
|(u)
|wi
|we
|}

== Orthography ==
Although Kundara has had various orthographies, the most commonly in use today is Hangeul:

=== Hangeul ===
{| class="wikitable"
!ph
!th
!kh
!p
!t
!k
!s
!h
!m
!n
!ŋ
!ɾ
|-
|ᄑ
|ᄐ*
|ᄏ
|ᄇ
|ᄃ*
|ᄀ
|ᄉ
|ᄒ
|ᄆ
|ᄂ
|ᄋ*
|ᄅ
|}

* The letters ᄎ and ᄌ are used instead of ᄐ and ᄃ when palatalized
* ᄋ is used as a placeholder in onset position

{| class="wikitable"
!
!a
!ʌ
!ɨ
!o
!u
!i
! colspan="2" |e*
|-
!-
|아
|어
|으
|오
|우
|이
|애
|에
|-
!j-
|야
|여
! rowspan="2" |
|요
|유
!
|얘
|예
|-
!w-
|와
|워
!
!
|위
|왜
|웨
|}
* Similar to Korean, the old diphthongs *ai and *ei both are now pronounced [e], however 애 (*ai) is more common, and its the one used for modern loans.

=== Cyrillic ===
A Cyrillic orthography is also used when transcribing words and names
{| class="wikitable"
!Letter
!Sound
!Hangeul
|-
|а
|[a]
|아
|-
|б
|[p], [b]
|ᄇ
|-
|г
|[k], [g]
|ᄀ
|-
|д
|[t], [d]
|ᄃ
|-
|е
|[jʌ]
|여
|-
|ё
|[jo]
|요
|-
|ж
|[tɕ], [ʥ]
|ᄌ
|-
|и
|[i]
|이
|-
|к
|[kh], [k̚]
|ᄏ, ᄀ (coda)
|-
|л
|[l]
|ᄅ (coda)
|-
|м
|[m]
|ᄆ
|-
|н
|[n]
|ᄂ
|-
|о
|[o]
|오
|-
|п
|[pʰ], [p̚]
|ᄑ, ᄇ (coda)
|-
|р
|[ɾ]
|ᄅ
|-
|с
|[s]
|ᄉ
|-
|т
|[tʰ], [t̚]
|ᄐ, ᄃ/ᄉ (coda)
|-
|у
|[u]
|우
|-
|ф
|[ɸ]
|ᄒ (Cu/wV)
|-
|х
|[h], [ç]
|ᄒ
|-
|ч
|[tɕʰ]
|ᄎ
|-
|ш
|[ɕ]
|ᄉ (palatalized)
|-
|ъ
|[ʔ]
|ᄋ
|-
|ы
|[ɨ]
|으
|-
|э
|[ʌ]
|어
|-
|ю
|[ju]
|유
|-
|я
|[ja]
|야
|-
|ай
| rowspan="2" |[e]
|애
|-
|эй
|에
|-
|яй
| rowspan="2" |[je]
|얘
|-
|ей
|예
|-
|ва
|[wa]
|와
|-
|вэ
|[wʌ]
|워
|-
|ви
|[wi]
|위
|-
|вай
| rowspan="2" |[we]
|왜
|-
|вэй
|웨
|-
|нг
|[ŋ]
|ᄋ (coda)
|}

Kundarayo

2024-08-22T08:34:59Z

ManuStorm: /* Orthography */

== Introduction ==
Kundarayo (Natively: 쿤다라요 [kʰundarajo]) is a Japonic language spoken around the Northers parts of Korea and China. Since time inmemorial, it has been assimilated into first the Goguryeo Kingdom, then the Korean Choseon Country, and the following occupation of Japan and "Liberation" of Korea thereafter.

== Phonology ==

=== Consonants ===
{| class="wikitable"
!
!Labial
!Alveolar
!Dorsal
|-
! rowspan="2" |Plosive
|ph
|th
|kh
|-
|p
|t
|k
|-
!Fricative
|
|s
|h
|-
!Nasal
|m
|n
|ŋ
|-
!Approximant
|w
|ɾ
|j
|}

* Between vowels or at the beginning of sentences when they start with a vowel an intrusive [ʔ] is appended as an onset
* When intervocalicly, /p t k/ become [b d g]
* When at the end of a syllable, /p t s k ɾ/ become [p̚ t̚ t̚ k̚ l]
* The phonemes /th t s n h/ display palatalization, becoming [tɕh tɕ~ʥ ɕ ɲ ç]
* ŋ* and h* only occur in Chinese loans in Standard Kundara
* ŋ* only occurs in the coda and h* only on the onset
* The cluster /hw/ is normally said as [ɸ]

=== Monophthongs ===
{| class="wikitable"
!
!Front
!Central
!Back
|-
!High
|i
|ɨ
|u
|-
!Mid
|e
|ʌ
|o
|-
!Low
|
|a
|
|}

* Clusters in the form /CjV/ and /CwV/ only occur in Chinese loans, and in those, /wo/ and /jɨ/ /wɨ/ don't occur.
* Since /ɨ/ and /i/ are in complementary distribution, some (Russian) linguists claim that they are the same phoneme, with /"jɨ"/ and /"wɨ"/ being [i] and [wi], however they come from different phonemes, and though /i/ is the only monophthong which palatalizes consonants, it also appears in native vocabulary, making it more of an monophthong. In this page we will consider /ɨ/ and /i/ separate phonemes

=== Diphthongs ===
{| class="wikitable"
!
!a
!ʌ
!o
!u
!i
!e
|-
!j-
|ja
|jʌ
|jo
|ju
|(i)
|je
|-
!w-
|wa
|wʌ
!
|(u)
|wi
|we
|}

== Orthography ==
Although Kundara has had various orthographies, the most commonly in use today is Hangeul:

=== Hangeul ===
{| class="wikitable"
!ph
!th
!kh
!p
!t
!k
!s
!h
!m
!n
!ŋ
!ɾ
|-
|ᄑ
|ᄐ*
|ᄏ
|ᄇ
|ᄃ*
|ᄀ
|ᄉ
|ᄒ
|ᄆ
|ᄂ
|ᄋ*
|ᄅ
|}

* The letters ᄎ and ᄌ are used instead of ᄐ and ᄃ when palatalized
* ᄋ is used as a placeholder in onset position

{| class="wikitable"
!
!a
!ʌ
!ɨ
!o
!u
!i
! colspan="2" |e*
|-
!-
|아
|어
|으
|오
|우
|이
|애
|에
|-
!j-
|야
|여
! rowspan="2" |
|요
|유
!
|얘
|예
|-
!w-
|와
|워
!
!
|위
|왜
|웨
|}
* Similar to Korean, the old diphthongs *ai and *ei both are now pronounced [e], however 애 (*ai) is more common, and its the one used for modern loans.

=== Cyrillic ===
A Cyrillic orthography is also used when transcribing words and names
{| class="wikitable"
!Letter
!Sound
!Hangeul
|-
|а
|[a]
|아
|-
|б
|[p], [b]
|ᄇ
|-
|г
|[k], [g]
|ᄀ
|-
|д
|[t], [d]
|ᄃ
|-
|е
|[jʌ]
|여
|-
|ё
|[jo]
|요
|-
|ж
|[tɕ], [ʥ]
|ᄌ
|-
|и
|[i]
|이
|-
|к
|[kh], [k̚]
|ᄏ, ᄀ (coda)
|-
|л
|[l]
|ᄅ (coda)
|-
|м
|[m]
|ᄆ
|-
|н
|[n]
|ᄂ
|-
|о
|[o]
|오
|-
|п
|[pʰ], [p̚]
|ᄑ, ᄇ (coda)
|-
|р
|[ɾ]
|ᄅ
|-
|с
|[s]
|ᄉ
|-
|т
|[tʰ], [t̚]
|ᄐ, ᄃ/ᄉ (coda)
|-
|у
|[u]
|우
|-
|ф
|[ɸ]
|ᄒ (Cu/wV)
|-
|х
|[h], [ç]
|ᄒ
|-
|ч
|[tɕʰ]
|ᄎ
|-
|ш
|[ɕ]
|ᄉ (palatalized)
|-
|ъ
|[ʔ]
|ᄋ
|-
|ы
|[ɨ]
|으
|-
|э
|[ʌ]
|어
|-
|ю
|[ju]
|유
|-
|я
|[ja]
|야
|-
|ай
| rowspan="2" |[e]
|애
|-
|эй
|에
|-
|яй
| rowspan="2" |[je]
|얘
|-
|ей
|예
|-
|ва
|[wa]
|와
|-
|во
|[wo]
|워
|-
|ви
|[wi]
|위
|-
|вай
| rowspan="2" |[we]
|왜
|-
|вэй
|웨
|-
|нг
|[ŋ]
|ᄋ (coda)
|}

Kundarayo

2024-08-22T08:34:33Z

ManuStorm: /* Phonology */

== Introduction ==
Kundarayo (Natively: 쿤다라요 [kʰundarajo]) is a Japonic language spoken around the Northers parts of Korea and China. Since time inmemorial, it has been assimilated into first the Goguryeo Kingdom, then the Korean Choseon Country, and the following occupation of Japan and "Liberation" of Korea thereafter.

== Phonology ==

=== Consonants ===
{| class="wikitable"
!
!Labial
!Alveolar
!Dorsal
|-
! rowspan="2" |Plosive
|ph
|th
|kh
|-
|p
|t
|k
|-
!Fricative
|
|s
|h
|-
!Nasal
|m
|n
|ŋ
|-
!Approximant
|w
|ɾ
|j
|}

* Between vowels or at the beginning of sentences when they start with a vowel an intrusive [ʔ] is appended as an onset
* When intervocalicly, /p t k/ become [b d g]
* When at the end of a syllable, /p t s k ɾ/ become [p̚ t̚ t̚ k̚ l]
* The phonemes /th t s n h/ display palatalization, becoming [tɕh tɕ~ʥ ɕ ɲ ç]
* ŋ* and h* only occur in Chinese loans in Standard Kundara
* ŋ* only occurs in the coda and h* only on the onset
* The cluster /hw/ is normally said as [ɸ]

=== Monophthongs ===
{| class="wikitable"
!
!Front
!Central
!Back
|-
!High
|i
|ɨ
|u
|-
!Mid
|e
|ʌ
|o
|-
!Low
|
|a
|
|}

* Clusters in the form /CjV/ and /CwV/ only occur in Chinese loans, and in those, /wo/ and /jɨ/ /wɨ/ don't occur.
* Since /ɨ/ and /i/ are in complementary distribution, some (Russian) linguists claim that they are the same phoneme, with /"jɨ"/ and /"wɨ"/ being [i] and [wi], however they come from different phonemes, and though /i/ is the only monophthong which palatalizes consonants, it also appears in native vocabulary, making it more of an monophthong. In this page we will consider /ɨ/ and /i/ separate phonemes

=== Diphthongs ===
{| class="wikitable"
!
!a
!ʌ
!o
!u
!i
!e
|-
!j-
|ja
|jʌ
|jo
|ju
|(i)
|je
|-
!w-
|wa
|wʌ
!
|(u)
|wi
|we
|}

== Orthography ==
Although Kundara has had various orthographies, the most commonly in use today is Hangeul:

=== Hangeul ===
{| class="wikitable"
!ph
!th
!kh
!p
!t
!k
!s
!h
!m
!n
!ŋ
!ɾ
|-
|ᄑ
|ᄐ*
|ᄏ
|ᄇ
|ᄃ*
|ᄀ
|ᄉ
|ᄒ
|ᄆ
|ᄂ
|ᄋ*
|ᄅ
|}

* The letters ᄎ and ᄌ are used instead of ᄐ and ᄃ when palatalized
* ᄋ is used as a placeholder in onset position

{| class="wikitable"
!
!a
!ʌ
!ɨ
!o
!u
!i
! colspan="2" |e*
|-
!-
|아
|어
|으
|오
|우
|이
|애
|에
|-
!j-
|야
|여
! rowspan="2" |
|요
|유
!
|얘
|예
|-
!w-
|와
!
|워
!
|위
|왜
|웨
|}
* Similar to Korean, the old diphthongs *ai and *ei both are now pronounced [e], however 애 (*ai) is more common, and its the one used for modern loans.

=== Cyrillic ===
A Cyrillic orthography is also used when transcribing words and names
{| class="wikitable"
!Letter
!Sound
!Hangeul
|-
|а
|[a]
|아
|-
|б
|[p], [b]
|ᄇ
|-
|г
|[k], [g]
|ᄀ
|-
|д
|[t], [d]
|ᄃ
|-
|е
|[jʌ]
|여
|-
|ё
|[jo]
|요
|-
|ж
|[tɕ], [ʥ]
|ᄌ
|-
|и
|[i]
|이
|-
|к
|[kh], [k̚]
|ᄏ, ᄀ (coda)
|-
|л
|[l]
|ᄅ (coda)
|-
|м
|[m]
|ᄆ
|-
|н
|[n]
|ᄂ
|-
|о
|[o]
|오
|-
|п
|[pʰ], [p̚]
|ᄑ, ᄇ (coda)
|-
|р
|[ɾ]
|ᄅ
|-
|с
|[s]
|ᄉ
|-
|т
|[tʰ], [t̚]
|ᄐ, ᄃ/ᄉ (coda)
|-
|у
|[u]
|우
|-
|ф
|[ɸ]
|ᄒ (Cu/wV)
|-
|х
|[h], [ç]
|ᄒ
|-
|ч
|[tɕʰ]
|ᄎ
|-
|ш
|[ɕ]
|ᄉ (palatalized)
|-
|ъ
|[ʔ]
|ᄋ
|-
|ы
|[ɨ]
|으
|-
|э
|[ʌ]
|어
|-
|ю
|[ju]
|유
|-
|я
|[ja]
|야
|-
|ай
| rowspan="2" |[e]
|애
|-
|эй
|에
|-
|яй
| rowspan="2" |[je]
|얘
|-
|ей
|예
|-
|ва
|[wa]
|와
|-
|во
|[wo]
|워
|-
|ви
|[wi]
|위
|-
|вай
| rowspan="2" |[we]
|왜
|-
|вэй
|웨
|-
|нг
|[ŋ]
|ᄋ (coda)
|}

Contionary:日

2024-08-22T08:09:29Z

ManuStorm:

== [[Dan'a'yo]] ==
{| class="floatright wikitable"
! colspan="2" | Fact Table
|-
! 中
| HSK/1
|-
! 日
| 1
|-
! 韓
| 中
|-
! SKIP
| 3/3/1
|-
! Radical
| 日
|}

=== Alternative Forms ===
Hanmun: {{C|닏}} ; Latin: {{C|nid}}

=== Pronunciation ===
(''Dan'a'yo'') [[Guide:IPA|IPA]]: /nIt/

=== Noun ===
In ancient times, this was a picture of the sun, a circle with its equator drawn.
# a day, literally 24 hours
# daytime, from sunrise to sunset
# a day of the month or some other larger division of time
#* meta., time, epoch, era
# an abbreviation for Japan, the 'sun's origin'
# an abbreviation for birthday
# an abbreviation for Sunday

=== Swadesh ===
178

{{Aquatiki}}
[[Category:Dan'a'yo nouns]] [[Category:Dan'a'yo words]]

==Sino-Magyar==

{| class="floatright" border=1 cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0"
|- valign="center"
| bgcolor="#58D3F7"|
'''New Form'''
| 日
|- valign="center"
| bgcolor="#58D3F7"|
'''Old Form'''
| 𡆠
|}

[[Gavnentagfaj hondzúfá|Gavgyukk hondzú]]: Year 1, number 21. 4 strokes. Old form 𡆠 now used only in the compound [[Contionary:月日|月𡆠]].

===Etymology===
*[[Sino-Magyar#Hondzú|Ma]]:
*[[Sino-Magyar#Hondzú|Hon]]: Middle Chinese /ȵiɪt̚/

===Pronunciation===
(''Sino-Magyar'') [[Guide:IPA|IPA]]:
* Ma: [nɒp]
* Hon: [jit̚], [ɲit̚], [jitː], [ɲitː]

===Noun===
'''日''' (Cyrillic: нап)

# day (RWH: nap)
# sun (RWH: nap)

===Derived terms===
[[Contionary:日ㆤ|日ㆤ]], [[Contionary:日ㄡㄅひゆ|日ㄡㄅひゆ]]

===Compounds===
[[Contionary:月日|月𡆠]]

==Kundarayo==
===Pronunciation===
Yndok (音讀): '''<big>일 </big>(ъ)ил''' /ir/ [il]

Hundok (訓讀): '''<big>피 </big>пи''' /pʰi/, '''<big>가 </big>пи''' /ka/ [ga]

With Yendak (連濁): '''<big>비 </big>би''' /pi/ [bi]

===Etymology===
Cognate with Japanese 日 (hi)
===Noun===
# day, sun

===Compounds and Derivates===
* 昼 (필) daytime
* 日日 (피비) daily
* 日影 (피간개) shadow
* 日向 (피묵) east (lit: sun-facing)
* 日子 (피고) young boy

===Etymology===
Cognate with Japanese -日 (-ka)
===Suffix===
# day
===Usage===
This suffix is suffixed to native numerals
===Compounds and Derivates===
* 一日 (피드가) one day
* 二日 (푸다가) two days
* 三日 (미가) three days
[[Category:Contionary]] [[Category:Sino-Magyar nouns]] [[Category:Sino-Magyar words]][[Category:Kundarayo words]]

Contionary:一

2024-08-22T08:08:26Z

ManuStorm: /* Kundarayo */

== [[Dan'a'yo]] ==
{| class="floatright wikitable"
! colspan="2" | Fact Table
|-
! [[単亜語/Swadesh|Swadesh]]
| 22
|-
! 中
| [[単亜語/HSK/1|HSK/1]]
|-
! 日
| [[単亜語/常用/1|1]]
|-
! 韓
| [[単亜語/敎育用基礎漢字/中|中]]
|-
! colspan="2"| {{C|SKIP/4/1/4}}
|-
! colspan="2" | {{C|Radical/1}} (一)
|}


=== Alternative Forms ===
Hanmun: {{C|읻}} ; Latin: {{C|'id}}

=== Pronunciation ===
(''Dan'a'yo'') [[Guide:IPA|IPA]]: /it̚/

=== Numeral ===
# one

=== Usage Notes ===
For anti-forgery purposes, use {{C|壱}}

{{Aquatiki}}
[[Category:Contionary]] [[Category:Dan'a'yo numbers]] [[Category:Dan'a'yo words]]

==Sino-Magyar==
{| class="floatright" border=1 cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0"
|- valign="center"
| bgcolor="#58D3F7"|
'''Old & New Form'''
| 一
|- valign="center"
| bgcolor="#D8F781"|
'''Alt. Old Form'''
| 壹
|- valign="center"
| bgcolor="#D8F781"|
'''Alt. New Form'''
| 弌
|}

[[Gavnentagfaj hondzúfá|Gavgyukk hondzú]]: Year 1, number 1.

===Alternative forms===
In legal/financial applications, 壹 (Old Form)/弌 (New Form) is used.

===Etymology===
*[[Sino-Magyar#Hondzú|Ma]]: Proto-Finno-Ugric *''ikte''
*[[Sino-Magyar#Hondzú|Hon]]: Middle Chinese /ʔiɪt̚/

===Pronunciation===
(''Sino-Magyar'') [[Guide:IPA|IPA]]:
* Ma: [ɛɟ], [ɛɟɛ-]
* Hon: [iːt̚], [ɛt̚], [ɛtː], [ɛɟ]
===Number===
'''一''' (Cyrillic: єђ, єђє-)

# one (RWH: egy, egye-)

==Kundarayo==
===Pronunciation===
Yndok (音讀): '''<big>일 </big>(ъ)ил''' /ir/ [il]

Hundok (訓讀): '''<big>피드 </big>пиды''' /pʰitɨ/ [pʰidɨ]

===Etymology===
Cognate with Japanese 一 (hito)
===Noun===
# one, only
===Compounds and Derivates===
* 一口 (피드구지) brief mouthfull
* 一雨 (피드아매) brief rain, shower
* 一日 (피드가) one day
[[Category:Kundarayo words]]

[[Category:Contionary]] [[Category:Sino-Magyar numbers]] [[Category:Sino-Magyar words]]

Contionary:一

2024-08-22T07:55:25Z

ManuStorm: /* Compounds and Derivates */

== [[Dan'a'yo]] ==
{| class="floatright wikitable"
! colspan="2" | Fact Table
|-
! [[単亜語/Swadesh|Swadesh]]
| 22
|-
! 中
| [[単亜語/HSK/1|HSK/1]]
|-
! 日
| [[単亜語/常用/1|1]]
|-
! 韓
| [[単亜語/敎育用基礎漢字/中|中]]
|-
! colspan="2"| {{C|SKIP/4/1/4}}
|-
! colspan="2" | {{C|Radical/1}} (一)
|}


=== Alternative Forms ===
Hanmun: {{C|읻}} ; Latin: {{C|'id}}

=== Pronunciation ===
(''Dan'a'yo'') [[Guide:IPA|IPA]]: /it̚/

=== Numeral ===
# one

=== Usage Notes ===
For anti-forgery purposes, use {{C|壱}}

{{Aquatiki}}
[[Category:Contionary]] [[Category:Dan'a'yo numbers]] [[Category:Dan'a'yo words]]

==Sino-Magyar==
{| class="floatright" border=1 cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0"
|- valign="center"
| bgcolor="#58D3F7"|
'''Old & New Form'''
| 一
|- valign="center"
| bgcolor="#D8F781"|
'''Alt. Old Form'''
| 壹
|- valign="center"
| bgcolor="#D8F781"|
'''Alt. New Form'''
| 弌
|}

[[Gavnentagfaj hondzúfá|Gavgyukk hondzú]]: Year 1, number 1.

===Alternative forms===
In legal/financial applications, 壹 (Old Form)/弌 (New Form) is used.

===Etymology===
*[[Sino-Magyar#Hondzú|Ma]]: Proto-Finno-Ugric *''ikte''
*[[Sino-Magyar#Hondzú|Hon]]: Middle Chinese /ʔiɪt̚/

===Pronunciation===
(''Sino-Magyar'') [[Guide:IPA|IPA]]:
* Ma: [ɛɟ], [ɛɟɛ-]
* Hon: [iːt̚], [ɛt̚], [ɛtː], [ɛɟ]
===Number===
'''一''' (Cyrillic: єђ, єђє-)

# one (RWH: egy, egye-)

==Kundarayo==
===Pronunciation===
Yndok (音讀): '''<big>일 </big>(ъ)ил''' /ir/ [il]

Hundok (訓讀): '''<big>피드 </big>пиды''' /pʰitɨ/ [pʰidɨ]

===Etymology===
Cognate with Japanese 一 (hito)
===Noun===
# one, only
===Compounds and Derivates===
* 一口 (피드구지) brief mouthfull
* 一雨 (피드아매) brief rain, shower
[[Category:Kundarayo words]]

[[Category:Contionary]] [[Category:Sino-Magyar numbers]] [[Category:Sino-Magyar words]]

Contionary:一

2024-08-22T07:54:22Z

ManuStorm:

== [[Dan'a'yo]] ==
{| class="floatright wikitable"
! colspan="2" | Fact Table
|-
! [[単亜語/Swadesh|Swadesh]]
| 22
|-
! 中
| [[単亜語/HSK/1|HSK/1]]
|-
! 日
| [[単亜語/常用/1|1]]
|-
! 韓
| [[単亜語/敎育用基礎漢字/中|中]]
|-
! colspan="2"| {{C|SKIP/4/1/4}}
|-
! colspan="2" | {{C|Radical/1}} (一)
|}


=== Alternative Forms ===
Hanmun: {{C|읻}} ; Latin: {{C|'id}}

=== Pronunciation ===
(''Dan'a'yo'') [[Guide:IPA|IPA]]: /it̚/

=== Numeral ===
# one

=== Usage Notes ===
For anti-forgery purposes, use {{C|壱}}

{{Aquatiki}}
[[Category:Contionary]] [[Category:Dan'a'yo numbers]] [[Category:Dan'a'yo words]]

==Sino-Magyar==
{| class="floatright" border=1 cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0"
|- valign="center"
| bgcolor="#58D3F7"|
'''Old & New Form'''
| 一
|- valign="center"
| bgcolor="#D8F781"|
'''Alt. Old Form'''
| 壹
|- valign="center"
| bgcolor="#D8F781"|
'''Alt. New Form'''
| 弌
|}

[[Gavnentagfaj hondzúfá|Gavgyukk hondzú]]: Year 1, number 1.

===Alternative forms===
In legal/financial applications, 壹 (Old Form)/弌 (New Form) is used.

===Etymology===
*[[Sino-Magyar#Hondzú|Ma]]: Proto-Finno-Ugric *''ikte''
*[[Sino-Magyar#Hondzú|Hon]]: Middle Chinese /ʔiɪt̚/

===Pronunciation===
(''Sino-Magyar'') [[Guide:IPA|IPA]]:
* Ma: [ɛɟ], [ɛɟɛ-]
* Hon: [iːt̚], [ɛt̚], [ɛtː], [ɛɟ]
===Number===
'''一''' (Cyrillic: єђ, єђє-)

# one (RWH: egy, egye-)

==Kundarayo==
===Pronunciation===
Yndok (音讀): '''<big>일 </big>(ъ)ил''' /ir/ [il]

Hundok (訓讀): '''<big>피드 </big>пиды''' /pʰitɨ/ [pʰidɨ]

===Etymology===
Cognate with Japanese 一 (hito)
===Noun===
# one, only
===Compounds and Derivates===
* 一口 (피드구지) brief mouthfull
* 一雨 (피다매) brief rain, shower
[[Category:Kundarayo words]]

[[Category:Contionary]] [[Category:Sino-Magyar numbers]] [[Category:Sino-Magyar words]]

Kundarayo

2024-08-20T10:48:43Z

ManuStorm:

== Introduction ==
Kundarayo (Natively: 쿤다라요 [kʰundarajo]) is a Japonic language spoken around the Northers parts of Korea and China. Since time inmemorial, it has been assimilated into first the Goguryeo Kingdom, then the Korean Choseon Country, and the following occupation of Japan and "Liberation" of Korea thereafter.

== Phonology ==

=== Consonants ===
{| class="wikitable"
!
!Labial
!Alveolar
!Dorsal
|-
! rowspan="2" |Plosive
|ph
|th
|kh
|-
|p
|t
|k
|-
!Fricative
|
|s
|h
|-
!Nasal
|m
|n
|ŋ
|-
!Approximant
|w
|ɾ
|j
|}

* Between vowels or at the beginning of sentences when they start with a vowel an intrusive [ʔ] is appended as an onset
* When intervocalicly, /p t k/ become [b d g]
* When at the end of a syllable, /p t s k ɾ/ become [p̚ t̚ t̚ k̚ l]
* The phonemes /th t s n h/ display palatalization, becoming [tɕh tɕ~ʥ ɕ ɲ ç]
* ŋ* and h* only occur in Chinese loans in Standard Kundara
* ŋ* only occurs in the coda and h* only on the onset
* The cluster /hw/ is normally said as [ɸ]

=== Monophthongs ===
{| class="wikitable"
!
!Front
!Central
!Back
|-
!High
|i
|ɨ
|u
|-
!Mid
|e
|ʌ
|o
|-
!Low
|
|a
|
|}

* Clusters in the form /CjV/ and /CwV/ only occur in Chinese loans, and in those, /wʌ/ and /jɨ/ /wɨ/ don't occur.
* Since /ɨ/ and /i/ are in complementary distribution, some (Russian) linguists claim that they are the same phoneme, with /"jɨ"/ and /"wɨ"/ being [i] and [wi], however they come from different phonemes, and though /i/ is the only monophthong which palatalizes consonants, it also appears in native vocabulary, making it more of an monophthong. In this page we will consider /ɨ/ and /i/ separate phonemes

=== Diphthongs ===
{| class="wikitable"
!
!a
!ʌ
!o
!u
!i
!e
|-
!j-
|ja
|jʌ
|jo
|ju
|(i)
|je
|-
!w-
|wa
!
|wo
|(u)
|wi
|we
|}

== Orthography ==
Although Kundara has had various orthographies, the most commonly in use today is Hangeul:

=== Hangeul ===
{| class="wikitable"
!ph
!th
!kh
!p
!t
!k
!s
!h
!m
!n
!ŋ
!ɾ
|-
|ᄑ
|ᄐ*
|ᄏ
|ᄇ
|ᄃ*
|ᄀ
|ᄉ
|ᄒ
|ᄆ
|ᄂ
|ᄋ*
|ᄅ
|}

* The letters ᄎ and ᄌ are used instead of ᄐ and ᄃ when palatalized
* ᄋ is used as a placeholder in onset position

{| class="wikitable"
!
!a
!ʌ
!ɨ
!o
!u
!i
! colspan="2" |e*
|-
!-
|아
|어
|으
|오
|우
|이
|애
|에
|-
!j-
|야
|여
! rowspan="2" |
|요
|유
!
|얘
|예
|-
!w-
|와
!
|워
!
|위
|왜
|웨
|}
* Similar to Korean, the old diphthongs *ai and *ei both are now pronounced [e], however 애 (*ai) is more common, and its the one used for modern loans.

=== Cyrillic ===
A Cyrillic orthography is also used when transcribing words and names
{| class="wikitable"
!Letter
!Sound
!Hangeul
|-
|а
|[a]
|아
|-
|б
|[p], [b]
|ᄇ
|-
|г
|[k], [g]
|ᄀ
|-
|д
|[t], [d]
|ᄃ
|-
|е
|[jʌ]
|여
|-
|ё
|[jo]
|요
|-
|ж
|[tɕ], [ʥ]
|ᄌ
|-
|и
|[i]
|이
|-
|к
|[kh], [k̚]
|ᄏ, ᄀ (coda)
|-
|л
|[l]
|ᄅ (coda)
|-
|м
|[m]
|ᄆ
|-
|н
|[n]
|ᄂ
|-
|о
|[o]
|오
|-
|п
|[pʰ], [p̚]
|ᄑ, ᄇ (coda)
|-
|р
|[ɾ]
|ᄅ
|-
|с
|[s]
|ᄉ
|-
|т
|[tʰ], [t̚]
|ᄐ, ᄃ/ᄉ (coda)
|-
|у
|[u]
|우
|-
|ф
|[ɸ]
|ᄒ (Cu/wV)
|-
|х
|[h], [ç]
|ᄒ
|-
|ч
|[tɕʰ]
|ᄎ
|-
|ш
|[ɕ]
|ᄉ (palatalized)
|-
|ъ
|[ʔ]
|ᄋ
|-
|ы
|[ɨ]
|으
|-
|э
|[ʌ]
|어
|-
|ю
|[ju]
|유
|-
|я
|[ja]
|야
|-
|ай
| rowspan="2" |[e]
|애
|-
|эй
|에
|-
|яй
| rowspan="2" |[je]
|얘
|-
|ей
|예
|-
|ва
|[wa]
|와
|-
|во
|[wo]
|워
|-
|ви
|[wi]
|위
|-
|вай
| rowspan="2" |[we]
|왜
|-
|вэй
|웨
|-
|нг
|[ŋ]
|ᄋ (coda)
|}

Kundarayo

2024-08-20T09:09:53Z

ManuStorm:

Kundarayo

2024-08-20T09:07:35Z

ManuStorm: /* Diphthongs */

Kundarayo

2024-08-20T09:07:23Z

ManuStorm: /* Phonology */

Contionary:中

2024-08-03T19:21:25Z

ManuStorm:

== [[Dan'a'yo]] ==
{| class="floatright wikitable"
! colspan="2" | Fact Table
|-
! 中
|| HSK/1
|-
! 日
|| 1
|-
! 韓
| 中
|-
! SKIP
| 4/4/3
|-
! Radical
| 丨
|}

=== Alternative Forms ===
Manmun: {{C|중}} ; Latin: {{C|juŋ}}

=== Pronunciation ===
(''Dan'a'yo'') [[Guide:IPA|IPA]]: /t͡ɕuŋ/

=== Verbal Affix ===
# as a verbal suffix, this is the progressive aspect marker
# in compounds, it means "middle". For a stand-alone word, use 中央
#* Because China is the 中国, it may be used as the abbreviation for "China"

{{Aquatiki}}
[[Category:Contionary]] [[Category:Dan'a'yo affixes]]

==Sino-Magyar==

{| class="floatright" border=1 cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0"
|- valign="center"
| bgcolor="#58D3F7"|
'''Old & New Form'''
| 中
|}

[[Gavnentagfaj hondzúfá|Gavgyukk hondzú]]: Year 1, number 17.

===Etymology===
*[[Sino-Magyar#Hondzú|Ma]]:
*[[Sino-Magyar#Hondzú|Hon]]: Middle Chinese /ʈɨuŋ/

===Pronunciation===
(''Sino-Magyar'') [[Guide:IPA|IPA]]:
* Ma: [køz] [ˈkøzɛ-], [køzeː-], [køzø-]
* Hon: [t͡ʃun], [t͡ʃuŋɡ]

===Noun===
'''中''' (Cyrillic: кѫз, кѫзє-, кѫзѫ-)

# middle (RWH: köz, köze-, közö-)

===Derived terms===
[[Contionary:中ㄨおㄅ|中ㄨおㄅ]]; [[Contionary:中おゝま|中おゝま]], [[Contionary:中おまおㅅ|中おまおㅅ]]; [[Contionary:中ひゝ|中ひゝ]]; [[Contionary:中おまおひゝお|中おまおひゝお]].

===Compounds===
[[Contionary:中学|中学]]

[[Category:Sino-Magyar nouns]] [[Category:Sino-Magyar words]]

== [[Kundarayo]] ==
=== Pronunciation ===
Yndok (音讀): '''<big>중 </big>жунг''' /tjuŋ/ [tɕuŋ]~[dʑuŋ]

Hundok (訓讀): '''<big>나가 </big>нага''' /naka/ [naga]

=== Etymology ===
Cognate with Japanese 中 (naka)
=== Noun ===
# Middle, inside
===Compounds and Derivates===
* 中庭 (나가니바) countryside
* 中身 (나가미) contents, substance
* 真中 (마나가) dead center

=== Etymology ===
From Korean, from Middle Chinese trjuwng
=== Adjective ===
# Middle, second (in a scale of three)
# In the process of...
# Between
# (Shortening from 중국) China

===Compounds and Derivates===
* 中間 (중간) mid-way
* 中韓 (중한) Sino-Korean
* 中堅 (중건) backbone
* 中古 (중고) secondhand
* 中國 (중국) China
* 中毒 (중독) addiction
* 空中 (공중) aerial, midair
* 途中 (도중) en route
* 命中 (명중) hit a target
* 市中 (시중) market
...

[[Category:Kundarayo words]]
[[Category:Contionary]]

Contionary:上

2024-08-03T10:42:42Z

ManuStorm: /* Kundarayo */

== [[Dan'a'yo]] ==
{| class="floatright wikitable"
! colspan="2" | Fact Table
|-
! 中
| HSK/1
|-
! 日
| 1
|-
! 韓
| 中
|-
! SKIP
| 4/3/2
|-
! Radical
| 一
|}
=== Alternative Forms ===
Hanmun: {{C|샹}} ; Latin: {{C|syaŋ}}; unacceptable: 丄

=== Pronunciation ===
(''Dan'a'yo'') [[Guide:IPA|IPA]]: /sjaŋ/

=== Noun ===
# up, above, over, top
#* Westerns should be careful not to use this word as a preposition. That effect can be achieved with syang'o/上於.

{{Aquatiki}}
[[Category:Dan'a'yo nouns]] [[Category:Dan'a'yo words]]

==Sino-Magyar==
{| class="floatright" border=1 cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0"
|- valign="center"
| bgcolor="#58D3F7"|
'''Old & New Form'''
| 上
|}

[[Gavnentagfaj hondzúfá|Gavgyukk hondzú]]: Year 1, number 13.

===Etymology===
*[[Sino-Magyar#Hondzú|Ma]]:
*[[Sino-Magyar#Hondzú|Hon]]: Middle Chinese /d͡ʑɨɐŋH/

===Pronunciation===
(''Sino-Magyar'') [[Guide:IPA|IPA]]:
* Ma: [fɛl]
* Hon: [t͡ʃøn], [t͡ʃøŋɡ], [ʃɒn]

===Adverb===
'''上''' (Cyrillic: фєл)

# up (RWH: fel)

===Derived terms===
[[Contionary:上ひゝ|上ひゝ]], 上ひゝㆤ; [[Contionary:上ㄅひ|上ㄅひ]]; [[Contionary:上半おゝ|上半おゝ]]; [[Contionary:上ㅅよゝ|上ㅅよゝ]]; [[Contionary:上んめ|上んめ]]; [[Contionary:上んめおひ|上んめおひ]]; [[Contionary:上んめおひおㅅ|上んめおひおㅅ]].

===Compounds===
[[Contionary:上立|上立]]

[[Category:Sino-Magyar adverbs]] [[Category:Sino-Magyar words]]

== [[Kundarayo]] ==
=== Pronunciation ===
Yndok (音讀): '''<big>상 </big>санг''' /saŋ/

Hundok (訓讀): '''<big>우배 </big>убай''' /upe/ [ube], '''<big>우반 </big>убан''' /upan/ [uban]

Combining Form: '''<big>우바</big> уба''' /upa/ [uba]

=== Etymology ===
From P-Japonic *upai, compare Japanese 上 (ue)
=== Noun ===
# up

===Compounds and Derivates===
* 上手 (우바대) superior
* 上牙 (우바바) upper teeth
* 上辺 (우바배) surface

=== Etymology ===
Compound of earlier *upa and the preposition *ni, compare Japanese 上に (ue ni)
=== Preposition ===
# up
# in the surface
[[Category:Kundarayo words]]

[[Category:Contionary]]

Contionary:中

2024-08-03T10:36:12Z

ManuStorm: /* Adjective */

== [[Dan'a'yo]] ==
{| class="floatright wikitable"
! colspan="2" | Fact Table
|-
! 中
|| HSK/1
|-
! 日
|| 1
|-
! 韓
| 中
|-
! SKIP
| 4/4/3
|-
! Radical
| 丨
|}

=== Alternative Forms ===
Manmun: {{C|중}} ; Latin: {{C|juŋ}}

=== Pronunciation ===
(''Dan'a'yo'') [[Guide:IPA|IPA]]: /t͡ɕuŋ/

=== Verbal Affix ===
# as a verbal suffix, this is the progressive aspect marker
# in compounds, it means "middle". For a stand-alone word, use 中央
#* Because China is the 中国, it may be used as the abbreviation for "China"

{{Aquatiki}}
[[Category:Contionary]] [[Category:Dan'a'yo affixes]]

==Sino-Magyar==

{| class="floatright" border=1 cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0"
|- valign="center"
| bgcolor="#58D3F7"|
'''Old & New Form'''
| 中
|}

[[Gavnentagfaj hondzúfá|Gavgyukk hondzú]]: Year 1, number 17.

===Etymology===
*[[Sino-Magyar#Hondzú|Ma]]:
*[[Sino-Magyar#Hondzú|Hon]]: Middle Chinese /ʈɨuŋ/

===Pronunciation===
(''Sino-Magyar'') [[Guide:IPA|IPA]]:
* Ma: [køz] [ˈkøzɛ-], [køzeː-], [køzø-]
* Hon: [t͡ʃun], [t͡ʃuŋɡ]

===Noun===
'''中''' (Cyrillic: кѫз, кѫзє-, кѫзѫ-)

# middle (RWH: köz, köze-, közö-)

===Derived terms===
[[Contionary:中ㄨおㄅ|中ㄨおㄅ]]; [[Contionary:中おゝま|中おゝま]], [[Contionary:中おまおㅅ|中おまおㅅ]]; [[Contionary:中ひゝ|中ひゝ]]; [[Contionary:中おまおひゝお|中おまおひゝお]].

===Compounds===
[[Contionary:中学|中学]]

[[Category:Sino-Magyar nouns]] [[Category:Sino-Magyar words]]

== [[Kundarayo]] ==
=== Pronunciation ===
Yndok (音讀): '''<big>중 </big>жунг''' /tjuŋ/ [tɕuŋ]~[dʑuŋ]

Hundok (訓讀): '''<big>나가 </big>нага''' /naka/ [naga]

=== Etymology ===
Cognate with Japanese 中 (naka)
=== Noun ===
# Middle, inside
===Compounds and Derivates===
* 中庭 (나가니바) countryside
* 中身 (나가미) contents, substance
* 真中 (마나가) dead center

=== Etymology ===
From Korean, from Middle Chinese trjuwng
=== Adjective ===
# Middle, second (in a scale of three)
# In the process of...
# Between
# (Shortening from 중국) China

===Compounds and Derivates===
* 中間 (중간) mid-way
* 中韓 (중한) Sino-Korean
* 中堅 (중건) backbone
* 中古 (중고) secondhand
* 中國 (중국) China
* 中毒 (중독) addiction
* 空中 (공중) aerial, midair
* 途中 (도중) en route
* 命中 (멍중) hit a target
* 市中 (시중) market
...

[[Category:Kundarayo words]]
[[Category:Contionary]]