https://linguifex.com/w/api.php?action=feedcontributions&feedformat=atom&user=NicolelleLinguifex - User contributions [en]2026-04-08T09:10:28ZUser contributionsMediaWiki 1.43.6https://linguifex.com/w/index.php?title=Persiran&diff=11608Persiran2013-09-06T14:17:49Z<p>Nicolelle: </p>
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<div>{{private}}<br />
{{Infobox language<br />
|name = Persiran<br />
|nativename = Persirija<br />
|pronunciation= /peʁ'siʁija/<br />
|region = <br />
|states = <br />
|nation = Persirus<br />
|speakers = 301,486<br />
|date = 2012<br />
|familycolor= Indo-European<br />
|family= [[w:Indo-European_languages|Indo-European]]<br />
|ancestor= Savian<br />
|script= Latin<br />
|agency=<br />
|iso1= pr<br />
|iso2= prs<br />
|iso3= prs<br />
|notice=IPA<br />
}}<br />
<br />
<br />
<!-- <br />
<br />
This is a short reminder of the language format policy.<br />
<br />
I. Write a short piece stating your intents and purposes when creating the language (Design goal, inspiration, ideas, and so on).<br />
II. Write a short introduction to your language. (Who speaks it? When was it created? By whom? or what? are some example questions that can be answered here)<br />
III. Once done, try making sure everything is properly spelt so as to avoid unnecessary reader fatigue.<br />
<br />
--><br />
<br />
This language was created to be spoken in the fictional country of Persirus, which is in eastern europe. <br />
<br />
==Background==<br />
The vocabulary of Persiran is probably 95% from French words. The other 5% are from English, Czech, Russian, or other languages in eastern europe.<br />
<br />
<!-- Design goals, inspiration, ideas, who speaks it?, when was it created?, where does it come from?, any peculiarities? --><br />
<br />
<!-- Example categories/headings: <br />
<br />
Goals<br />
Setting<br />
Inspiration<br />
<br />
--><br />
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<!-- ***Phonology*** --><br />
<!-- What sounds does your language use? --><br />
<!-- Here are some example sub-/other categories:<br />
<br />
Vowel inventory<br />
Consonant inventory<br />
Syllable structure<br />
Stress<br />
Intonation<br />
<br />
--><br />
==Phonology==<br />
===Consonants===<br />
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 660px; text-align:center;"<br />
! style="width: 68px; "|<br />
! style="width: 68px; " |Bilabial<br />
! style="width: 68px; " |Labio-dental<br />
! style="width: 68px; " |Dental<br />
! style="width: 68px; " |Alveolar<br />
! style="width: 68px; " |Post-alveolar<br />
! style="width: 68px; " |Retroflex<br />
! style="width: 68px; " |Palatal<br />
! style="width: 68px; " |Velar<br />
! style="width: 68px; " |Uvular<br />
! style="width: 68px; " |Pharyngeal<br />
! style="width: 68px; " |Epiglottal<br />
! style="width: 68px; " |Glottal<br />
|-<br />
! style="" |Nasal<br />
| m<br />
| <br />
|<br />
| n<br />
| <br />
|<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
|-<br />
! style="" |Plosive<br />
| p b<br />
|<br />
| <br />
| t d<br />
|<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| k<br />
|<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
|-<br />
! style="" |Fricative<br />
| <br />
| f v<br />
| <br />
| s z<br />
| ʃ ʒ<br />
|<br />
| <br />
|<br />
| ʁ<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
|-<br />
! style="" |Affricate<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| t͡s<br />
| t͡ʃ<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
|-<br />
! style="" |Approximant<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| j<br />
|<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
|-<br />
! style="" |Trill<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
|-<br />
! style="" |Flap or tap<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
|-<br />
! style="" |Lateral fric.<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
|-<br />
! style="" |Lateral app.<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| l<br />
| <br />
| ɭ<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
|-<br />
! style="" |Lateral flap<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
|}<br />
<br />
<br />
===Vowels===<br />
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 540px; text-align:center;"<br />
! style="width: 90px; "|<br />
! style="width: 90px; " |Front<br />
! style="width: 90px; " |Near-front<br />
! style="width: 90px; " |Central<br />
! style="width: 90px; " |Near-back<br />
! style="width: 90px; " |Back<br />
|-<br />
! style="" |Close<br />
| i<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
|-<br />
! style="" |Near-close<br />
| <br />
| ɪ<br />
| <br />
| ʊ<br />
| <br />
|-<br />
! style="" |Close-mid<br />
| e ø<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| o<br />
|-<br />
! style="" |Mid<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
|-<br />
! style="" |Open-mid<br />
| ɛ œ<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| ʌ ɔ<br />
|-<br />
! style="" |Near-open<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| ɐ<br />
| <br />
| <br />
|-<br />
! style="" |Open<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
|}<br />
<br />
===Stress===<br />
Stress varies upon the part of speech and the way the word is constructed.<br />
<br />
<br />
In most, if not all, 2 syllable verbs, when in dictionary form, the stress is on the tense ending.<br />
:"etrej" (to be) = <b>é</b>-trej<br />
:"aštej" (to buy) = aš-<b>téj</b><br />
For verbs over 2 syllables, the stress is either 2nd to last syllable, or last syllable.<br />
:"sujetej" (to wish (for)) = su-je-<b>téj</b><br />
<br />
<br />
Stress in nouns aren't really regular.<br />
Most 2 syllable nouns have the stress on the last syllable. However, most nouns that end with "i" have the stress on the first syllable.<br />
:"mačkon" (house) = mač-<b>kón</b><br />
:"panać" (bread) = pa-<b>náć</b><br />
:"valač" (village) = <b>vál</b>-ač (/'vɐlɪt͡ʃ/)<br />
:"livški" (book) = <b>lív</b>-ški (/'livʃkɪ/)<br />
For 3 syllables, the stress is usually on the 2nd syllable.<br />
:"labričnie" (maze) = la-<b>bríč</b>-nie (/la'bʁit͡ʃnje/)<br />
In words having over 3 syllables, the stress is usally on the 2nd to last syllable, but there are exceptions.<br />
Usually, if the number of syllables increase by 1 as a result of the number suffix, the stress is almost always on the 2nd to last syllable.<br />
<br />
===Phonotactics===<br />
<!-- Explain the consonant clusters and vowel clusters that are permissible for use in the language. For example, "st" is an allowed consonant cluster in English while onset "ng" isn't. --><br />
<br />
Any consonant cluster is allowed, without needing a vowel. For example, "knmplrtza" is allowed, although it is not common to see more than three or four consecutive consonants together. The most common consonant cluster is "sk", and usually two consonants will be consecutive if they are from different syllables. Additionally, one letter words that only consist of a consonant are also allowed. For example, if the word "d" precedes a word that begins with a consonant, it will be pronounced like an "e" is at the end, but it will be an extremely short sound. However, if it precedes a word that begins with a vowel, it will flow into the pronunciation of that word, similar to how "l'eau" would be pronounced in french.<br />
<br><br><br />
Vowel clusters are not allowed, unless a "j" is used to separate them.<br />
<br><br><br />
<br />
===Orthography===<br />
<!--Explain your conlang's alphabet. Use the International Phonetic Alphabet to describe the sounds of your language. If you are unsure on how to use IPA then visit: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet and read up. --><br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|-<br />
! Letter !! Pronunciation !! Name<br />
|-<br />
| Aa || /ɐ/ || a<br />
|-<br />
| Bb || /b/ || bej<br />
|-<br />
| Dd || /d/ || dej<br />
|-<br />
| Ee || /ɛ/ || ie<br />
|-<br />
| Ff || /f/ || fej<br />
|-<br />
| Ii* || /i/ or /j/ || i<br />
|-<br />
| Jj || /j/ || joj<br />
|-<br />
| Kk || /k/ || kej<br />
|-<br />
| Ll || /l/ || el<br />
|-<br />
| Łł || /ɭ/ || łej<br />
|-<br />
| Mm || /m/ || em<br />
|-<br />
| Nn || /n/ || en<br />
|-<br />
| Oo || /o/ || o<br />
|-<br />
| Pp || /p/ || pej<br />
|-<br />
| Rr || /ʁ/ || er<br />
|-<br />
| Tt || /t/ || tej<br />
|-<br />
| Ss || /s/ || es<br />
|-<br />
| Šš || /ʃ/ || ša<br />
|-<br />
| Ćć || /t͡s/ || ećie<br />
|-<br />
| Čč || /t͡ʃ/ || če<br />
|-<br />
| Uu || /ʊ/ || u<br />
|-<br />
| Vv || /v/ || vej<br />
|-<br />
| Zz || /z/ || zej<br />
|-<br />
| Žž || /ʒ/ || aža<br />
|}<br />
&#x002a; The letter "i" is pronounced as /i/ when by itself; however, when it precedes another vowel it is pronounced as /j/.<br />
<br><br />
<br><br />
When a vowel is unstressed and in the last syllable of a word, it may have a different pronunciation. Please take note of the following:<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|-<br />
| <b>a</b> || /ɪ/<br />
|-<br />
| <b>e</b> || /ʌ/<br />
|-<br />
| <b>i</b> || /ɪ/<br />
|-<br />
| <b>o</b> || /ø/<br />
|-<br />
| <b>u</b> || /œ/<br />
|}<br />
<br><br><br />
When a vowel is followed by a "j", it adds a short "i" sound, similar to the "Й" letter in Russian. The pronunciations of "aj", "ej", "ij", "oj", and "uj" are in the following table:<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|-<br />
| <b>aj</b> || /aɪ/<br />
|-<br />
| <b>ej</b> || /e/<br />
|-<br />
| <b>ij</b> || /ij/<br />
|-<br />
| <b>oj</b> || /ɔɪ/<br />
|-<br />
| <b>uj</b> || /ʊj/<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==Grammar==<br />
==Morphology==<br />
<!-- How do the words in your language look? How do you derive words from others? Do you have cases? Are verbs inflected? Do nouns differ from adjectives? Do adjectives differ from verbs? Etc. --><br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
===Nouns===<br />
Nouns are made up of three parts: the root, the case/voice, and the number. <br />
<br />
====Root====<br />
The root of a noun, is the part that holds the meaning.<br />
<br />
====Case / Voice====<br />
The case/voice part of a noun indicates if the noun is the subject, the direct object, the indirect object, the object of a preposition, or the actor (when a sentence is written in passive voice). The case/voice is represented by an affix that is infixated inside the root of the noun. You can't decide where to infixate the affix in the root, there is a certain place to do so that you just have to memorize for each word.<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|-<br />
! Nominative* !! Accusative !! Dative !! Object of Prep. !! Actor (in passive voice)<br />
|-<br />
| <center>a/e/i</center> || <center>u</center> || <center>o</center> || <center>uj</center> || <center>oj</center><br />
|}<br />
&#x002A; Dictionary form always utilises nominative case, and can either be an "a", "e", or "i". Exceptions: gerunds and adjectives that become nouns<br />
<br />
====Number====<br />
There are 3 different numbers for nouns: singular, plural, and zero (if there is none of something). They are represented by an affix that is added to the end of the noun. The dictionary form will be in singular. There are 10 different endings for number that may change differently.<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|-<br />
! singular (1) !! Plural (>1) !! Zero (0)<br />
|-<br />
| a || aje || o<br />
|-<br />
| e || eje || o<br />
|-<br />
| i || ije || o<br />
|-<br />
| ć || š || ću<br />
|-<br />
| č || š || ču<br />
|-<br />
| sk || č || sko<br />
|-<br />
| il || oje || ol<br />
|-<br />
| on || omie || op<br />
|-<br />
| el || elš || elo<br />
|-<br />
| av || avš || avo<br />
|}<br />
<br />
====Examples====<br />
=====Makašme (dictionary form of "store")=====<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|-<br />
| <b>root a</b> || <b>case/voice</b> || <b>root b</b> || <b>number</b><br />
|-<br />
| <center>mak</center> || <center>a</center> || <center>šm</center> || <center>e</center><br />
|}<br />
This means, that the infix "a", meaning nominative case (subject) was infixed inside "makšm", which is followed by "e" meaning it is singular.<br />
<br />
To change the case/voice and number, just swap out the affixes for different ones.<br />
<br />
: For example, to say "store" as in "i'm going to some stores" (object of preposition and plural), add the corresponding affixes ("uj" and "eje")<br />
:::::::::Mak + uj + šm + eje = <b>Makujšmeje</b><br />
<br />
=====Šemisk (dictionary form of "shirt")=====<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|-<br />
| <b>root a</b> || <b>case/voice</b> || <b>root b</b> || <b>number</b><br />
|-<br />
| <center>š</center> || <center>e</center> || <center>mi</center> || <center>sk</center><br />
|}<br />
So, the nominative affix is "e", and the singular affix is "sk".<br />
<br />
: To change it to "shirt" as in "i have no shirts", you would the corresponding affixes for accusative case and zero as the number ("u" and "sko")<br />
:::::::::Š + u + mi + sko = <b>Šumisko</b><br />
<br />
===Verbs===<br />
There are no conjugations for person, but there is verb aspect, tense, and voice.<br />
<br />
====Tense====<br />
Tense is represented by an affix and is the first one to be added onto the root of the verb (which holds the meaning). Dictionary form always is in present tense.<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|-<br />
! Present !! Past !! Future<br />
|-<br />
| <center>ej</center> || <center>oj</center> || <center>aj</center><br />
|}<br />
<br />
====Voice====<br />
Voice is the 2nd affix to be added to the end of the verb. Active voice is assumed by default, so no affix is needed for it. However, there are affixes for middle voice (reflexive) and passive voice.<br><b>**Never in Dictionary Form**</b><br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|-<br />
! Middle !! Passive<br />
|-<br />
| <center>oš</center> || <center>oč</center><br />
|}<br />
<br />
====Aspect====<br />
Aspect is the final thing to be added onto the verb. Aspect affixes are only needed in the continuous (be + -ing), habitual (used to...), and iterative (re- as in rewrite) aspects.<br><b>**Never in Dictionary Form**</b><br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|-<br />
! Continuous !! Habitual* !! Iterative<br />
|-<br />
| <center>a</center> || <center>eš</center> || <center>aso</center><br />
|}<br />
&#x002A; Habitual aspect is only used in past tense (oj)<br />
<br />
====Examples====<br />
* <b>Etrej</b> : "to be", this is dictionary form so it's in present tense<br />
:* <b>Etroj</b> : "was"<br />
:* <b>Etroješ</b> : "used to be"<br />
* <b>Ekrijej</b> : "to write"<br />
:* <b>Ekrijoja</b> : "was writing"<br />
:* <b>Ekrijaj</b> : "will write" / "going to write"<br />
:* <b>Ekrijajaso</b> : "will rewrite" / "going to rewrite"<br />
<br />
===Adjectives / Adverbs===<br />
Adjectives and adverbs are the same thing in Persiran. Adjectives/Adverbs always end in "-a", and can be used to modify nouns, adjectives, adverbs, or verbs. Adjectives/Adverbs always follow the word they modify. (If W = word and A = adjective/adverb, the order would be WA)<br />
<br><br />
<br><br />
There is no agreement with adjectives/adverbs with the word they modify.<br />
<br />
===Derivational Morphology===<br />
<br />
====Nouns to Adjectives/Adverbs====<br />
# Take the dictionary form of a noun, and take away the ending that represents number (ex. "mera" -> "mer" / "panać" -> "pana")<br />
# Add an "a" onto the end. If the noun (without the number ending) ends with an "a", add an "ja". (ex. "mer" + "a" = "mera" / "pana" + "ja" = "panaja")<br />
::Note: Some nouns already end with an "a" and don't change like "mera" (mother).<br />
# The example ("mera" -> "mera") turned "mother" into "motherly". The example ("panać" -> "panaja") turned "bread" into "bready".<br />
<br />
====Adjectives/Adverbs to Nouns====<br />
# Remove the "a" ending from the end of the adjective. (ex. "bela" -> "bel")<br />
# Add the affix "av" to the end. (ex. "bel" + "av" = "belav")<br />
# The example ("bela" -> "belav") turned "beautiful" into "beauty".<br />
<br />
====Verbs to Nouns====<br />
=====Gerunds=====<br />
This is the basic way of forming a gerund.<br />
# Take the dictionary form of a verb, and remove the "ej" from the end. (ex. "surej" -> "sur")<br />
# Add the affix "el" to the end. (ex. "sur" + "el" = "surel")<br />
# The example ("surej" -> "surel") turned "to smile" into "smile".<br />
<br />
=====Doers=====<br />
This is the way of turning a verb into someone who performs that action.<br />
# Take the dictionary form of a verb, and remove the "ej" from the end. (ex. "curej" -> "cur")<br />
# Add the affix "eć" to the end. (ex. "cur" + "eć" = "cureć")<br />
# The example ("curej" -> "cureć") turned "to run" into "runner".<br />
<br />
====Verbs to Adjectives/Adverbs====<br />
=====Basic Adjectives/Adverbs=====<br />
This is the basic way of turning a verb into an adjective/adverb.<br />
# Take the dictionary form of a verb, and remove the "ej" from the end. (ex. "danšej" -> "danš")<br />
# Add the affix "a" to the end. ("danš" + "a" = "danša")<br />
# The example ("danšej" -> "danša") turned "to danse" into "dancing" or "dancingly".<br />
<br />
=====Past Participles=====<br />
This is the basic way of turning a verb into an adjective that generally ends in "-ed" in English, or a past participle.<br />
# Take the dictionary form of a verb and add the passive voice ending "oč" to the end. (ex. "aštej" -> "aštejoč")<br />
# Break the verb into pieces (root, tense, and voice). (ex. "aštej" = "ašt" + "ej" + "oč")<br />
# Remove the "ej" affix. (ex. "ašt" + "ej" + "oč" -> "ašt" + "oč" and "ašt" + "oč" = "aštoč")<br />
# Add the affix "a" at the end. (ex. "aštoč" + "a" = "aštoča")<br />
# The example ("aštej" -> "aštoča") turned "to buy" into "bought".<br />
<br />
===Particles===<br />
Articles do not exist in Persiran. Definiteness, indefiniteness, or partitiveness is inferred depending on the context of the sentence.<br />
<br />
<!-- Here are some example subcategories:<br />
<br />
Nouns<br />
Adjectives<br />
Verbs<br />
Adverbs<br />
Particles<br />
Derivational morphology<br />
<br />
--><br />
<br />
==Syntax==<br />
<br />
===Word Order===<br />
Word order is usually SVO, like in English.<br />
<br /><br><br />
However, since case is identified in each noun, word order doesn't really matter. Therefore, if you wanted to emphasize something, you can say it first without changing the meaning of the sentence.<br />
<br /><br><br />
The only word order that is strict is in prepositional phrases. It must be PREPOSITION followed by the OBJECT.<br><br><br />
<b>Note: If a word ends in a vowel (a,e,i,o,u) and the next word starts with a vowel (a,e,i,o,u), then a "j" should be added onto the end of the first word, so that it flows nicer.</b><br />
:"A etrej" -> "Aj etrej" (i am)<br><br><br />
<br />
===Qualifiers===<br />
Qualifiers always directly follow the word they're modifying.<br />
:"ševeš mara" = brown hair (the qualifier "mara" (brown) would come after "ševeš" (hair) since that is the word it is modifying)<br />
:"bela tru" = very beautiful (the qualifier "tru" (very) would come after "bela" (beautiful) since that is the word it is modifying)<br />
:"a curoj rapa" = i ran quickly (the qualifier "rapa" (quickly) would come after "curoj" (ran) since that is the word it is modifying)<br />
<br><br><br />
<br />
===Determinatives===<br />
There are no articles.<br />
<br><br><br />
Quantifiers come right before the word they are modifying (many, 5, three, etc..)<br />
:"tri tantantontaje" = three pairs of pants<br />
:"va d persirije" = many people (many is an expression: "va d")<br />
<br><br><br />
There is only one Demonstrative ("vi"). It is added onto a noun by using a dash ("-") and then the word. Demonstratives can also be used alone.<br />
:"livški-vi" = this/that book<br />
:"šiomie-vi" = these/those dogs<br />
:"vij etrej drolša" = that is funny<br />
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<!-- Example: Word order, qualifiers, determinatives, branching, etc. --><br />
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[[Category:Conlangs]]<br />
[[Category:Languages]]<br />
[[Category:Indo-European_languages]]</div>Nicolellehttps://linguifex.com/w/index.php?title=Persiran&diff=11590Persiran2013-09-06T01:54:58Z<p>Nicolelle: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{private}}<br />
{{Infobox language<br />
|name = Persiran<br />
|nativename = Persirija<br />
|pronunciation= /peʁ'siʁija/<br />
|region = <br />
|states = <br />
|nation = Persirus<br />
|speakers = 301,486<br />
|date = 2012<br />
|familycolor= Indo-European<br />
|family= [[w:Indo-European_languages|Indo-European]]<br />
|ancestor= Savian<br />
|script= Latin<br />
|agency=<br />
|iso1= pr<br />
|iso2= prs<br />
|iso3= prs<br />
|notice=IPA<br />
}}<br />
<br />
<br />
<!-- <br />
<br />
This is a short reminder of the language format policy.<br />
<br />
I. Write a short piece stating your intents and purposes when creating the language (Design goal, inspiration, ideas, and so on).<br />
II. Write a short introduction to your language. (Who speaks it? When was it created? By whom? or what? are some example questions that can be answered here)<br />
III. Once done, try making sure everything is properly spelt so as to avoid unnecessary reader fatigue.<br />
<br />
--><br />
<br />
This language was created to be spoken in the fictional country of Persirus, which is in eastern europe. <br />
<br />
==Background==<br />
The vocabulary of Persiran is probably 95% from French words. The other 5% are from English, Czech, Russian, or other languages in eastern europe.<br />
<br />
<!-- Design goals, inspiration, ideas, who speaks it?, when was it created?, where does it come from?, any peculiarities? --><br />
<br />
<!-- Example categories/headings: <br />
<br />
Goals<br />
Setting<br />
Inspiration<br />
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--><br />
<br />
<!-- ***Phonology*** --><br />
<!-- What sounds does your language use? --><br />
<!-- Here are some example sub-/other categories:<br />
<br />
Vowel inventory<br />
Consonant inventory<br />
Syllable structure<br />
Stress<br />
Intonation<br />
<br />
--><br />
==Phonology==<br />
===Consonants===<br />
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 660px; text-align:center;"<br />
! style="width: 68px; "|<br />
! style="width: 68px; " |Bilabial<br />
! style="width: 68px; " |Labio-dental<br />
! style="width: 68px; " |Dental<br />
! style="width: 68px; " |Alveolar<br />
! style="width: 68px; " |Post-alveolar<br />
! style="width: 68px; " |Retroflex<br />
! style="width: 68px; " |Palatal<br />
! style="width: 68px; " |Velar<br />
! style="width: 68px; " |Uvular<br />
! style="width: 68px; " |Pharyngeal<br />
! style="width: 68px; " |Epiglottal<br />
! style="width: 68px; " |Glottal<br />
|-<br />
! style="" |Nasal<br />
| m<br />
| <br />
|<br />
| n<br />
| <br />
|<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
|-<br />
! style="" |Plosive<br />
| p b<br />
|<br />
| <br />
| t d<br />
|<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| k<br />
|<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
|-<br />
! style="" |Fricative<br />
| <br />
| f v<br />
| <br />
| s z<br />
| ʃ ʒ<br />
|<br />
| <br />
|<br />
| ʁ<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
|-<br />
! style="" |Affricate<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| t͡s<br />
| t͡ʃ<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
|-<br />
! style="" |Approximant<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| j<br />
|<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
|-<br />
! style="" |Trill<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
|-<br />
! style="" |Flap or tap<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
|-<br />
! style="" |Lateral fric.<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
|-<br />
! style="" |Lateral app.<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| l<br />
| <br />
| ɭ<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
|-<br />
! style="" |Lateral flap<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
|}<br />
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===Vowels===<br />
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 540px; text-align:center;"<br />
! style="width: 90px; "|<br />
! style="width: 90px; " |Front<br />
! style="width: 90px; " |Near-front<br />
! style="width: 90px; " |Central<br />
! style="width: 90px; " |Near-back<br />
! style="width: 90px; " |Back<br />
|-<br />
! style="" |Close<br />
| i<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
|-<br />
! style="" |Near-close<br />
| <br />
| ɪ<br />
| <br />
| ʊ<br />
| <br />
|-<br />
! style="" |Close-mid<br />
| e ø<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| o<br />
|-<br />
! style="" |Mid<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
|-<br />
! style="" |Open-mid<br />
| ɛ œ<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| ʌ ɔ<br />
|-<br />
! style="" |Near-open<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| ɐ<br />
| <br />
| <br />
|-<br />
! style="" |Open<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
|}<br />
<br />
====Stress====<br />
Stress varies upon the part of speech and the way the word is constructed.<br />
<br />
<br />
In most, if not all, 2 syllable verbs, when in dictionary form, the stress is on the tense ending.<br />
:"etrej" (to be) = <b>é</b>-trej<br />
:"aštej" (to buy) = aš-<b>téj</b><br />
For verbs over 2 syllables, the stress is either 2nd to last syllable, or last syllable.<br />
:"sujetej" (to wish (for)) = su-je-<b>téj</b><br />
<br />
<br />
Stress in nouns aren't really regular.<br />
Most 2 syllable nouns have the stress on the last syllable. However, most nouns that end with "i" have the stress on the first syllable.<br />
:"mačkon" (house) = mač-<b>kón</b><br />
:"panać" (bread) = pa-<b>náć</b><br />
:"valač" (village) = <b>vál</b>-ač (/'vɐlɪt͡ʃ/)<br />
:"livški" (book) = <b>lív</b>-ški (/'livʃkɪ/)<br />
For 3 syllables, the stress is usually on the 2nd syllable.<br />
:"labričnie" (maze) = la-<b>bríč</b>-nie (/la'bʁit͡ʃnje/)<br />
In words having over 3 syllables, the stress is usally on the 2nd to last syllable, but there are exceptions.<br />
Usually, if the number of syllables increase by 1 as a result of the number suffix, the stress is almost always on the 2nd to last syllable.<br />
<br />
===Phonotactics===<br />
<!-- Explain the consonant clusters and vowel clusters that are permissible for use in the language. For example, "st" is an allowed consonant cluster in English while onset "ng" isn't. --><br />
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Any consonant cluster is allowed, without needing a vowel. For example, "knmplrtza" is allowed, although it is not common to see more than three or four consecutive consonants together. The most common consonant cluster is "sk", and usually two consonants will be consecutive if they are from different syllables. Additionally, one letter words that only consist of a consonant are also allowed. For example, if the word "d" precedes a word that begins with a consonant, it will be pronounced like an "e" is at the end, but it will be an extremely short sound. However, if it precedes a word that begins with a vowel, it will flow into the pronunciation of that word, similar to how "l'eau" would be pronounced in french.<br />
<br><br><br />
Vowel clusters are not allowed, unless a "j" is used to separate them.<br />
<br><br><br />
<br />
===Orthography===<br />
<!--Explain your conlang's alphabet. Use the International Phonetic Alphabet to describe the sounds of your language. If you are unsure on how to use IPA then visit: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet and read up. --><br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|-<br />
! Letter !! Pronunciation !! Name<br />
|-<br />
| Aa || /ɐ/ || a<br />
|-<br />
| Bb || /b/ || bej<br />
|-<br />
| Dd || /d/ || dej<br />
|-<br />
| Ee || /ɛ/ || ie<br />
|-<br />
| Ff || /f/ || fej<br />
|-<br />
| Ii* || /i/ or /j/ || i<br />
|-<br />
| Jj || /j/ || joj<br />
|-<br />
| Kk || /k/ || kej<br />
|-<br />
| Ll || /l/ || el<br />
|-<br />
| Łł || /ɭ/ || łej<br />
|-<br />
| Mm || /m/ || em<br />
|-<br />
| Nn || /n/ || en<br />
|-<br />
| Oo || /o/ || o<br />
|-<br />
| Pp || /p/ || pej<br />
|-<br />
| Rr || /ʁ/ || er<br />
|-<br />
| Tt || /t/ || tej<br />
|-<br />
| Ss || /s/ || es<br />
|-<br />
| Šš || /ʃ/ || ša<br />
|-<br />
| Ćć || /t͡s/ || ećie<br />
|-<br />
| Čč || /t͡ʃ/ || če<br />
|-<br />
| Uu || /ʊ/ || u<br />
|-<br />
| Vv || /v/ || vej<br />
|-<br />
| Zz || /z/ || zej<br />
|-<br />
| Žž || /ʒ/ || aža<br />
|}<br />
&#x002a; The letter "i" is pronounced as /i/ when by itself; however, when it precedes another vowel it is pronounced as /j/.<br />
<br><br />
<br><br />
When a vowel is unstressed and in the last syllable of a word, it may have a different pronunciation. Please take note of the following:<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|-<br />
| <b>a</b> || /ɪ/<br />
|-<br />
| <b>e</b> || /ʌ/<br />
|-<br />
| <b>i</b> || /ɪ/<br />
|-<br />
| <b>o</b> || /ø/<br />
|-<br />
| <b>u</b> || /œ/<br />
|}<br />
<br><br><br />
When a vowel is followed by a "j", it adds a short "i" sound, similar to the "Й" letter in Russian. The pronunciations of "aj", "ej", "ij", "oj", and "uj" are in the following table:<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|-<br />
| <b>aj</b> || /aɪ/<br />
|-<br />
| <b>ej</b> || /e/<br />
|-<br />
| <b>ij</b> || /ij/<br />
|-<br />
| <b>oj</b> || /ɔɪ/<br />
|-<br />
| <b>uj</b> || /ʊj/<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==Grammar==<br />
==Morphology==<br />
<!-- How do the words in your language look? How do you derive words from others? Do you have cases? Are verbs inflected? Do nouns differ from adjectives? Do adjectives differ from verbs? Etc. --><br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
===Nouns===<br />
Nouns are made up of three parts: the root, the case/voice, and the number. <br />
<br />
====Root====<br />
The root of a noun, is the part that holds the meaning.<br />
<br />
====Case / Voice====<br />
The case/voice part of a noun indicates if the noun is the subject, the direct object, the indirect object, the object of a preposition, or the actor (when a sentence is written in passive voice). The case/voice is represented by an affix that is infixated inside the root of the noun. You can't decide where to infixate the affix in the root, there is a certain place to do so that you just have to memorize for each word.<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|-<br />
! Nominative* !! Accusative !! Dative !! Object of Prep. !! Actor (in passive voice)<br />
|-<br />
| <center>a/e/i</center> || <center>u</center> || <center>o</center> || <center>uj</center> || <center>oj</center><br />
|}<br />
&#x002A; Dictionary form always utilises nominative case, and can either be an "a", "e", or "i". Exceptions: gerunds and adjectives that become nouns<br />
<br />
====Number====<br />
There are 3 different numbers for nouns: singular, plural, and zero (if there is none of something). They are represented by an affix that is added to the end of the noun. The dictionary form will be in singular. There are 10 different endings for number that may change differently.<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|-<br />
! singular (1) !! Plural (>1) !! Zero (0)<br />
|-<br />
| a || aje || o<br />
|-<br />
| e || eje || o<br />
|-<br />
| i || ije || o<br />
|-<br />
| ć || š || ću<br />
|-<br />
| č || š || ču<br />
|-<br />
| sk || č || sko<br />
|-<br />
| il || oje || ol<br />
|-<br />
| on || omie || op<br />
|-<br />
| el || elš || elo<br />
|-<br />
| av || avš || avo<br />
|}<br />
<br />
====Examples====<br />
=====Makašme (dictionary form of "store")=====<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|-<br />
| <b>root a</b> || <b>case/voice</b> || <b>root b</b> || <b>number</b><br />
|-<br />
| <center>mak</center> || <center>a</center> || <center>šm</center> || <center>e</center><br />
|}<br />
This means, that the infix "a", meaning nominative case (subject) was infixed inside "makšm", which is followed by "e" meaning it is singular.<br />
<br />
To change the case/voice and number, just swap out the affixes for different ones.<br />
<br />
: For example, to say "store" as in "i'm going to some stores" (object of preposition and plural), add the corresponding affixes ("uj" and "eje")<br />
:::::::::Mak + uj + šm + eje = <b>Makujšmeje</b><br />
<br />
=====Šemisk (dictionary form of "shirt")=====<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|-<br />
| <b>root a</b> || <b>case/voice</b> || <b>root b</b> || <b>number</b><br />
|-<br />
| <center>š</center> || <center>e</center> || <center>mi</center> || <center>sk</center><br />
|}<br />
So, the nominative affix is "e", and the singular affix is "sk".<br />
<br />
: To change it to "shirt" as in "i have no shirts", you would the corresponding affixes for accusative case and zero as the number ("u" and "sko")<br />
:::::::::Š + u + mi + sko = <b>Šumisko</b><br />
<br />
===Verbs===<br />
There are no conjugations for person, but there is verb aspect, tense, and voice.<br />
<br />
====Tense====<br />
Tense is represented by an affix and is the first one to be added onto the root of the verb (which holds the meaning). Dictionary form always is in present tense.<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|-<br />
! Present !! Past !! Future<br />
|-<br />
| <center>ej</center> || <center>oj</center> || <center>aj</center><br />
|}<br />
<br />
====Voice====<br />
Voice is the 2nd affix to be added to the end of the verb. Active voice is assumed by default, so no affix is needed for it. However, there are affixes for middle voice (reflexive) and passive voice.<br><b>**Never in Dictionary Form**</b><br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|-<br />
! Middle !! Passive<br />
|-<br />
| <center>oš</center> || <center>oč</center><br />
|}<br />
<br />
====Aspect====<br />
Aspect is the final thing to be added onto the verb. Aspect affixes are only needed in the continuous (be + -ing), habitual (used to...), and iterative (re- as in rewrite) aspects.<br><b>**Never in Dictionary Form**</b><br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|-<br />
! Continuous !! Habitual* !! Iterative<br />
|-<br />
| <center>a</center> || <center>eš</center> || <center>aso</center><br />
|}<br />
&#x002A; Habitual aspect is only used in past tense (oj)<br />
<br />
====Examples====<br />
* <b>Etrej</b> : "to be", this is dictionary form so it's in present tense<br />
:* <b>Etroj</b> : "was"<br />
:* <b>Etroješ</b> : "used to be"<br />
* <b>Ekrijej</b> : "to write"<br />
:* <b>Ekrijoja</b> : "was writing"<br />
:* <b>Ekrijaj</b> : "will write" / "going to write"<br />
:* <b>Ekrijajaso</b> : "will rewrite" / "going to rewrite"<br />
<br />
===Adjectives / Adverbs===<br />
Adjectives and adverbs are the same thing in Persiran. Adjectives/Adverbs always end in "-a", and can be used to modify nouns, adjectives, adverbs, or verbs. Adjectives/Adverbs always follow the word they modify. (If W = word and A = adjective/adverb, the order would be WA)<br />
<br><br />
<br><br />
There is no agreement with adjectives/adverbs with the word they modify.<br />
<br />
===Derivational Morphology===<br />
<br />
====Nouns to Adjectives/Adverbs====<br />
# Take the dictionary form of a noun, and take away the ending that represents number (ex. "mera" -> "mer" / "panać" -> "pana")<br />
# Add an "a" onto the end. If the noun (without the number ending) ends with an "a", add an "ja". (ex. "mer" + "a" = "mera" / "pana" + "ja" = "panaja")<br />
::Note: Some nouns already end with an "a" and don't change like "mera" (mother).<br />
# The example ("mera" -> "mera") turned "mother" into "motherly". The example ("panać" -> "panaja") turned "bread" into "bready".<br />
<br />
====Adjectives/Adverbs to Nouns====<br />
# Remove the "a" ending from the end of the adjective. (ex. "bela" -> "bel")<br />
# Add the affix "av" to the end. (ex. "bel" + "av" = "belav")<br />
# The example ("bela" -> "belav") turned "beautiful" into "beauty".<br />
<br />
====Verbs to Nouns====<br />
=====Gerunds=====<br />
This is the basic way of forming a gerund.<br />
# Take the dictionary form of a verb, and remove the "ej" from the end. (ex. "surej" -> "sur")<br />
# Add the affix "el" to the end. (ex. "sur" + "el" = "surel")<br />
# The example ("surej" -> "surel") turned "to smile" into "smile".<br />
<br />
=====Doers=====<br />
This is the way of turning a verb into someone who performs that action.<br />
# Take the dictionary form of a verb, and remove the "ej" from the end. (ex. "curej" -> "cur")<br />
# Add the affix "eć" to the end. (ex. "cur" + "eć" = "cureć")<br />
# The example ("curej" -> "cureć") turned "to run" into "runner".<br />
<br />
====Verbs to Adjectives/Adverbs====<br />
=====Basic Adjectives/Adverbs=====<br />
This is the basic way of turning a verb into an adjective/adverb.<br />
# Take the dictionary form of a verb, and remove the "ej" from the end. (ex. "danšej" -> "danš")<br />
# Add the affix "a" to the end. ("danš" + "a" = "danša")<br />
# The example ("danšej" -> "danša") turned "to danse" into "dancing" or "dancingly".<br />
<br />
=====Past Participles=====<br />
This is the basic way of turning a verb into an adjective that generally ends in "-ed" in English, or a past participle.<br />
# Take the dictionary form of a verb and add the passive voice ending "oč" to the end. (ex. "aštej" -> "aštejoč")<br />
# Break the verb into pieces (root, tense, and voice). (ex. "aštej" = "ašt" + "ej" + "oč")<br />
# Remove the "ej" affix. (ex. "ašt" + "ej" + "oč" -> "ašt" + "oč" and "ašt" + "oč" = "aštoč")<br />
# Add the affix "a" at the end. (ex. "aštoč" + "a" = "aštoča")<br />
# The example ("aštej" -> "aštoča") turned "to buy" into "bought".<br />
<br />
<br />
<!-- Here are some example subcategories:<br />
<br />
Nouns<br />
Adjectives<br />
Verbs<br />
Adverbs<br />
Particles<br />
Derivational morphology<br />
<br />
--><br />
<br />
==Syntax==<br />
<br />
<!-- Example: Word order, qualifiers, determinatives, branching, etc. --><br />
<br />
[[Category:Conlangs]]<br />
[[Category:Languages]]<br />
[[Category:Indo-European_languages]]</div>Nicolellehttps://linguifex.com/w/index.php?title=Persiran&diff=11589Persiran2013-09-06T01:53:17Z<p>Nicolelle: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{private}}<br />
{{Infobox language<br />
|name = Persiran<br />
|nativename = Persirija<br />
|pronunciation= /peʁ'siʁija/<br />
|region = <br />
|states = <br />
|nation = Persirus<br />
|speakers = 301,486<br />
|date = 2012<br />
|familycolor= Indo-European<br />
|family= [[w:Indo-European_languages|Indo-European]]<br />
|ancestor= Savian<br />
|script= Latin<br />
|agency=<br />
|iso1= pr<br />
|iso2= prs<br />
|iso3= prs<br />
|notice=IPA<br />
}}<br />
<br />
<br />
<!-- <br />
<br />
This is a short reminder of the language format policy.<br />
<br />
I. Write a short piece stating your intents and purposes when creating the language (Design goal, inspiration, ideas, and so on).<br />
II. Write a short introduction to your language. (Who speaks it? When was it created? By whom? or what? are some example questions that can be answered here)<br />
III. Once done, try making sure everything is properly spelt so as to avoid unnecessary reader fatigue.<br />
<br />
--><br />
<br />
This language was created to be spoken in the fictional country of Persirus, which is in eastern europe. <br />
<br />
==Background==<br />
The vocabulary of Persiran is probably 95% from French words. The other 5% are from English, Czech, Russian, or other languages in eastern europe.<br />
<br />
<!-- Design goals, inspiration, ideas, who speaks it?, when was it created?, where does it come from?, any peculiarities? --><br />
<br />
<!-- Example categories/headings: <br />
<br />
Goals<br />
Setting<br />
Inspiration<br />
<br />
--><br />
<br />
<!-- ***Phonology*** --><br />
<!-- What sounds does your language use? --><br />
<!-- Here are some example sub-/other categories:<br />
<br />
Vowel inventory<br />
Consonant inventory<br />
Syllable structure<br />
Stress<br />
Intonation<br />
<br />
--><br />
==Phonology==<br />
===Consonants===<br />
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 660px; text-align:center;"<br />
! style="width: 68px; "|<br />
! style="width: 68px; " |Bilabial<br />
! style="width: 68px; " |Labio-dental<br />
! style="width: 68px; " |Dental<br />
! style="width: 68px; " |Alveolar<br />
! style="width: 68px; " |Post-alveolar<br />
! style="width: 68px; " |Retroflex<br />
! style="width: 68px; " |Palatal<br />
! style="width: 68px; " |Velar<br />
! style="width: 68px; " |Uvular<br />
! style="width: 68px; " |Pharyngeal<br />
! style="width: 68px; " |Epiglottal<br />
! style="width: 68px; " |Glottal<br />
|-<br />
! style="" |Nasal<br />
| m<br />
| <br />
|<br />
| n<br />
| <br />
|<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
|-<br />
! style="" |Plosive<br />
| p b<br />
|<br />
| <br />
| t d<br />
|<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| k<br />
|<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
|-<br />
! style="" |Fricative<br />
| <br />
| f v<br />
| <br />
| s z<br />
| ʃ ʒ<br />
|<br />
| <br />
|<br />
| ʁ<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
|-<br />
! style="" |Affricate<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| t͡s<br />
| t͡ʃ<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
|-<br />
! style="" |Approximant<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| j<br />
|<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
|-<br />
! style="" |Trill<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
|-<br />
! style="" |Flap or tap<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
|-<br />
! style="" |Lateral fric.<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
|-<br />
! style="" |Lateral app.<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| l<br />
| <br />
| ɭ<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
|-<br />
! style="" |Lateral flap<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
|}<br />
<br />
<br />
===Vowels===<br />
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 540px; text-align:center;"<br />
! style="width: 90px; "|<br />
! style="width: 90px; " |Front<br />
! style="width: 90px; " |Near-front<br />
! style="width: 90px; " |Central<br />
! style="width: 90px; " |Near-back<br />
! style="width: 90px; " |Back<br />
|-<br />
! style="" |Close<br />
| i<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
|-<br />
! style="" |Near-close<br />
| <br />
| ɪ<br />
| <br />
| ʊ<br />
| <br />
|-<br />
! style="" |Close-mid<br />
| e ø<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| o<br />
|-<br />
! style="" |Mid<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
|-<br />
! style="" |Open-mid<br />
| ɛ œ<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| ʌ ɔ<br />
|-<br />
! style="" |Near-open<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| ɐ<br />
| <br />
| <br />
|-<br />
! style="" |Open<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
|}<br />
<br />
====Stress====<br />
Stress varies upon the part of speech and the way the word is constructed.<br />
<br />
<br />
In most, if not all, 2 syllable verbs, when in dictionary form, the stress is on the tense ending.<br />
:"etrej" (to be) = <b>é</b>-trej<br />
:"aštej" (to buy) = aš-<b>téj</b><br />
For verbs over 2 syllables, the stress is either 2nd to last syllable, or last syllable.<br />
:"sujetej" (to wish (for)) = su-je-<b>téj</b><br />
<br />
<br />
Stress in nouns aren't really regular.<br />
Most 2 syllable nouns have the stress on the last syllable. However, most nouns that end with "i" have the stress on the first syllable.<br />
:"mačkon" (house) = mač-<b>kón</b><br />
:"panać" (bread) = pa-<b>náć</b><br />
:"valač" (village) = <b>vál</b>-ač (/'vɐlɪt͡ʃ/)<br />
:"livški" (book) = <b>lív</b>-ški (/'livʃkɪ/)<br />
For 3 syllables, the stress is usually on the 2nd syllable.<br />
:"labričnie" (maze) = la-<b>bríč</b>-nie (/la'bʁit͡ʃnje/)<br />
In words having over 3 syllables, the stress is usally on the 2nd to last syllable, but there are exceptions.<br />
Usually, if the number of syllables increase by 1 as a result of the number suffix, the stress is almost always on the 2nd to last syllable.<br />
<br />
===Phonotactics===<br />
<!-- Explain the consonant clusters and vowel clusters that are permissible for use in the language. For example, "st" is an allowed consonant cluster in English while onset "ng" isn't. --><br />
<br />
Any consonant cluster is allowed, without needing a vowel. For example, "knmplrtza" is allowed, although it is not common to see more than three or four consecutive consonants together. The most common consonant cluster is "sk", and usually two consonants will be consecutive if they are from different syllables. Additionally, one letter words that only consist of a consonant are also allowed. For example, if the word "d" precedes a word that begins with a consonant, it will be pronounced like an "e" is at the end, but it will be an extremely short sound. However, if it precedes a word that begins with a vowel, it will flow into the pronunciation of that word, similar to how "l'eau" would be pronounced in french.<br />
<br><br><br />
Vowel clusters are not allowed, unless a "j" is used to separate them.<br />
<br><br><br />
<br />
===Orthography===<br />
<!--Explain your conlang's alphabet. Use the International Phonetic Alphabet to describe the sounds of your language. If you are unsure on how to use IPA then visit: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet and read up. --><br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|-<br />
! Letter !! Pronunciation !! Name<br />
|-<br />
| Aa || /ɐ/ || a<br />
|-<br />
| Bb || /b/ || bej<br />
|-<br />
| Dd || /d/ || dej<br />
|-<br />
| Ee || /ɛ/ || ie<br />
|-<br />
| Ff || /f/ || fej<br />
|-<br />
| Ii* || /i/ or /j/ || i<br />
|-<br />
| Jj || /j/ || joj<br />
|-<br />
| Kk || /k/ || kej<br />
|-<br />
| Ll || /l/ || el<br />
|-<br />
| Łł || /ɭ/ || łej<br />
|-<br />
| Mm || /m/ || em<br />
|-<br />
| Nn || /n/ || en<br />
|-<br />
| Oo || /o/ || o<br />
|-<br />
| Pp || /p/ || pej<br />
|-<br />
| Rr || /ʁ/ || er<br />
|-<br />
| Tt || /t/ || tej<br />
|-<br />
| Ss || /s/ || es<br />
|-<br />
| Šš || /ʃ/ || ša<br />
|-<br />
| Ćć || /t͡s/ || ećie<br />
|-<br />
| Čč || /t͡ʃ/ || če<br />
|-<br />
| Uu || /ʊ/ || u<br />
|-<br />
| Vv || /v/ || vej<br />
|-<br />
| Zz || /z/ || zej<br />
|-<br />
| Žž || /ʒ/ || aža<br />
|}<br />
&#x002a; The letter "i" is pronounced as /i/ when by itself; however, when it precedes another vowel it is pronounced as /j/.<br />
<br><br />
<br><br />
When a vowel is unstressed and in the last syllable of a word, it may have a different pronunciation. Please take note of the following:<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|-<br />
| <b>a</b> || /ɪ/<br />
|-<br />
| <b>e</b> || /ʌ/<br />
|-<br />
| <b>i</b> || /ɪ/<br />
|-<br />
| <b>o</b> || /ø/<br />
|-<br />
| <b>u</b> || /œ/<br />
|}<br />
<br><br><br />
When a vowel is followed by a "j", it adds a short "i" sound, similar to the "Й" letter in Russian. The pronunciations of "aj", "ej", "ij", "oj", and "uj" are in the following table:<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|-<br />
| <b>aj</b> || /aɪ/<br />
|-<br />
| <b>ej</b> || /e/<br />
|-<br />
| <b>ij</b> || /ij/<br />
|-<br />
| <b>oj</b> || /ɔɪ/<br />
|-<br />
| <b>uj</b> || /ʊj/<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==Grammar==<br />
==Morphology==<br />
<!-- How do the words in your language look? How do you derive words from others? Do you have cases? Are verbs inflected? Do nouns differ from adjectives? Do adjectives differ from verbs? Etc. --><br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
===Nouns===<br />
Nouns are made up of three parts: the root, the case/voice, and the number. <br />
<br />
====Root====<br />
The root of a noun, is the part that holds the meaning.<br />
<br />
====Case / Voice====<br />
The case/voice part of a noun indicates if the noun is the subject, the direct object, the indirect object, the object of a preposition, or the actor (when a sentence is written in passive voice). The case/voice is represented by an affix that is infixated inside the root of the noun. You can't decide where to infixate the affix in the root, there is a certain place to do so that you just have to memorize for each word.<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|-<br />
! Nominative* !! Accusative !! Dative !! Object of Prep. !! Actor (in passive voice)<br />
|-<br />
| <center>a/e/i</center> || <center>u</center> || <center>o</center> || <center>uj</center> || <center>oj</center><br />
|}<br />
&#x002A; Dictionary form always utilises nominative case, and can either be an "a", "e", or "i". Exceptions: gerunds and adjectives that become nouns<br />
<br />
====Number====<br />
There are 3 different numbers for nouns: singular, plural, and zero (if there is none of something). They are represented by an affix that is added to the end of the noun. The dictionary form will be in singular. There are 10 different endings for number that may change differently.<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|-<br />
! singular (1) !! Plural (>1) !! Zero (0)<br />
|-<br />
| a || aje || o<br />
|-<br />
| e || eje || o<br />
|-<br />
| i || ije || o<br />
|-<br />
| ć || š || ću<br />
|-<br />
| č || š || ču<br />
|-<br />
| sk || č || sko<br />
|-<br />
| il || oje || ol<br />
|-<br />
| on || omie || op<br />
|-<br />
| el || elš || elo<br />
|-<br />
| av || avš || avo<br />
|}<br />
<br />
====Examples====<br />
=====Makašme (dictionary form of "store")=====<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|-<br />
| <b>root a</b> || <b>case/voice</b> || <b>root b</b> || <b>number</b><br />
|-<br />
| <center>mak</center> || <center>a</center> || <center>šm</center> || <center>e</center><br />
|}<br />
This means, that the infix "a", meaning nominative case (subject) was infixed inside "makšm", which is followed by "e" meaning it is singular.<br />
<br />
To change the case/voice and number, just swap out the affixes for different ones.<br />
<br />
: For example, to say "store" as in "i'm going to some stores" (object of preposition and plural), add the corresponding affixes ("uj" and "eje")<br />
:::::::::Mak + uj + šm + eje = <b>Makujšmeje</b><br />
<br />
=====Šemisk (dictionary form of "shirt")=====<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|-<br />
| <b>root a</b> || <b>case/voice</b> || <b>root b</b> || <b>number</b><br />
|-<br />
| <center>š</center> || <center>e</center> || <center>mi</center> || <center>sk</center><br />
|}<br />
So, the nominative affix is "e", and the singular affix is "sk".<br />
<br />
: To change it to "shirt" as in "i have no shirts", you would the corresponding affixes for accusative case and zero as the number ("u" and "sko")<br />
:::::::::Š + u + mi + sko = <b>Šumisko</b><br />
<br />
===Verbs===<br />
There are no conjugations for person, but there is verb aspect, tense, and voice.<br />
<br />
====Tense====<br />
Tense is represented by an affix and is the first one to be added onto the root of the verb (which holds the meaning). Dictionary form always is in present tense.<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|-<br />
! Present !! Past !! Future<br />
|-<br />
| <center>ej</center> || <center>oj</center> || <center>aj</center><br />
|}<br />
<br />
====Voice====<br />
Voice is the 2nd affix to be added to the end of the verb. Active voice is assumed by default, so no affix is needed for it. However, there are affixes for middle voice (reflexive) and passive voice.<br><b>**Never in Dictionary Form**</b><br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|-<br />
! Middle !! Passive<br />
|-<br />
| <center>oš</center> || <center>oč</center><br />
|}<br />
<br />
====Aspect====<br />
Aspect is the final thing to be added onto the verb. Aspect affixes are only needed in the continuous (be + -ing), habitual (used to...), and iterative (re- as in rewrite) aspects.<br><b>**Never in Dictionary Form**</b><br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|-<br />
! Continuous !! Habitual* !! Iterative<br />
|-<br />
| <center>a</center> || <center>eš</center> || <center>aso</center><br />
|}<br />
&#x002A; Habitual aspect is only used in past tense (oj)<br />
<br />
====Examples====<br />
* <b>Etrej</b> : "to be", this is dictionary form so it's in present tense<br />
:* <b>Etroj</b> : "was"<br />
:* <b>Etroješ</b> : "used to be"<br />
* <b>Ekrijej</b> : "to write"<br />
:* <b>Ekrijoja</b> : "was writing"<br />
:* <b>Ekrijaj</b> : "will write" / "going to write"<br />
:* <b>Ekrijajaso</b> : "will rewrite" / "going to rewrite"<br />
<br />
===Adjectives / Adverbs===<br />
Adjectives and adverbs are the same thing in Persiran. Adjectives/Adverbs always end in "-a", and can be used to modify nouns, adjectives, adverbs, or verbs. Adjectives/Adverbs always follow the word they modify. (If W = word and A = adjective/adverb, the order would be WA)<br />
<br><br />
<br><br />
There is no agreement with adjectives/adverbs with the word they modify.<br />
<br />
===Derivational Morphology===<br />
<br />
====Nouns to Adjectives/Adverbs====<br />
# Take the dictionary form of a noun, and take away the ending that represents number (ex. "mera" -> "mer" / "panać" -> "pana")<br />
# Add an "a" onto the end. If the noun (without the number ending) ends with an "a", add an "ja". (ex. "mer" + "a" = "mera" / "pana" + "ja" = "panaja")<br />
::Note: Some nouns already end with an "a" and don't change like "mera" (mother).<br />
# The example ("mera" -> "mera") turned "mother" into "motherly". The example ("panać" -> "panaja") turned "bread" into "bready".<br />
<br />
====Adjectives/Adverbs to Nouns====<br />
# Remove the "a" ending from the end of the adjective. (ex. "bela" -> "bel")<br />
# Add the affix "av" to the end. (ex. "bel" + "av" = "belav")<br />
# The example ("bela" -> "belav") turned "beautiful" into "beauty".<br />
<br />
====Verbs to Nouns====<br />
=====Gerunds=====<br />
This is the basic way of forming a gerund.<br />
# Take the dictionary form of a verb, and remove the "ej" from the end. (ex. "surej" -> "sur")<br />
# Add the affix "el" to the end. (ex. "sur" + "el" = "surel")<br />
# The example ("surej" -> "surel") turned "to smile" into "smile".<br />
<br />
=====Doers=====<br />
This is the way of turning a verb into someone who performs that action.<br />
# Take the dictionary form of a verb, and remove the "ej" from the end. (ex. "curej" -> "cur")<br />
# Add the affix "eć" to the end. (ex. "cur" + "eć" = "cureć")<br />
# The example ("curej" -> "cureć") turned "to run" into "runner".<br />
<br />
====Verbs to Adjectives/Adverbs====<br />
=====Basic Adjectives/Adverbs=====<br />
This is the basic way of turning a verb into an adjective/adverb.<br />
# Take the dictionary form of a verb, and remove the "ej" from the end. (ex. "danšej" -> "danš")<br />
# Add the affix "a" to the end. ("danš" + "a" = "danša")<br />
# The example ("danšej" -> "danša") turned "to danse" into "dancing" or "dancingly".<br />
<br />
=====Past Participles=====<br />
This is the basic way of turning a verb into an adjective that generally ends in "-ed" in English, or a past participle.<br />
# Take the dictionary form of a verb and add the passive voice ending "oč" to the end. (ex. "aštej" -> "aštejoč")<br />
# Break the verb into pieces (root, tense, and voice). (ex. "aštej" = "ašt" + "ej" + "oč")<br />
# Remove the "ej" affix. (ex. "ašt" + "ej" + "oč" -> "ašt" + "oč" and "ašt" + "oč" = "aštoč")<br />
# Add the affix "a" at the end. (ex. "aštoč" + "a" = "aštoča")<br />
# The example ("aštej" -> "aštoča") turned "to buy" into "bought".<br />
<br />
<br />
<!-- Here are some example subcategories:<br />
<br />
Nouns<br />
Adjectives<br />
Verbs<br />
Adverbs<br />
Particles<br />
Derivational morphology<br />
<br />
--><br />
<br />
==Syntax==<br />
<br />
<!-- Example: Word order, qualifiers, determinatives, branching, etc. --><br />
<br />
[[Category:Conlangs]]<br />
[[Category:Languages]]</div>Nicolellehttps://linguifex.com/w/index.php?title=Persiran&diff=11588Persiran2013-09-06T01:03:02Z<p>Nicolelle: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{private}}<br />
{{Infobox language<br />
|name = Persiran<br />
|nativename = Persirija<br />
|pronunciation= /peʁ'siʁija/<br />
|region = <br />
|states = <br />
|nation = Persirus<br />
|speakers = 301,486<br />
|date = 2012<br />
|familycolor= Indo-European<br />
|family= [[w:Indo-European_languages|Indo-European]]<br />
|ancestor= Savian<br />
|script= Latin<br />
|agency=<br />
|iso1= pr<br />
|iso2= prs<br />
|iso3= prs<br />
|notice=IPA<br />
}}<br />
<br />
<br />
<!-- <br />
<br />
This is a short reminder of the language format policy.<br />
<br />
I. Write a short piece stating your intents and purposes when creating the language (Design goal, inspiration, ideas, and so on).<br />
II. Write a short introduction to your language. (Who speaks it? When was it created? By whom? or what? are some example questions that can be answered here)<br />
III. Once done, try making sure everything is properly spelt so as to avoid unnecessary reader fatigue.<br />
<br />
--><br />
<br />
This language was created to be spoken in the fictional country of Persirus, which is in eastern europe. <br />
<br />
==Background==<br />
The vocabulary of Persiran is probably 95% from French words. The other 5% are from English, Czech, Russian, or other languages in eastern europe.<br />
<br />
<!-- Design goals, inspiration, ideas, who speaks it?, when was it created?, where does it come from?, any peculiarities? --><br />
<br />
<!-- Example categories/headings: <br />
<br />
Goals<br />
Setting<br />
Inspiration<br />
<br />
--><br />
<br />
<!-- ***Phonology*** --><br />
<!-- What sounds does your language use? --><br />
<!-- Here are some example sub-/other categories:<br />
<br />
Vowel inventory<br />
Consonant inventory<br />
Syllable structure<br />
Stress<br />
Intonation<br />
<br />
--><br />
==Phonology==<br />
===Consonants===<br />
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 660px; text-align:center;"<br />
! style="width: 68px; "|<br />
! style="width: 68px; " |Bilabial<br />
! style="width: 68px; " |Labio-dental<br />
! style="width: 68px; " |Dental<br />
! style="width: 68px; " |Alveolar<br />
! style="width: 68px; " |Post-alveolar<br />
! style="width: 68px; " |Retroflex<br />
! style="width: 68px; " |Palatal<br />
! style="width: 68px; " |Velar<br />
! style="width: 68px; " |Uvular<br />
! style="width: 68px; " |Pharyngeal<br />
! style="width: 68px; " |Epiglottal<br />
! style="width: 68px; " |Glottal<br />
|-<br />
! style="" |Nasal<br />
| m<br />
| <br />
|<br />
| n<br />
| <br />
|<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
|-<br />
! style="" |Plosive<br />
| p b<br />
|<br />
| <br />
| t d<br />
|<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| k<br />
|<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
|-<br />
! style="" |Fricative<br />
| <br />
| f v<br />
| <br />
| s z<br />
| ʃ ʒ<br />
|<br />
| <br />
|<br />
| ʁ<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
|-<br />
! style="" |Affricate<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| t͡s<br />
| t͡ʃ<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
|-<br />
! style="" |Approximant<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| j<br />
|<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
|-<br />
! style="" |Trill<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
|-<br />
! style="" |Flap or tap<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
|-<br />
! style="" |Lateral fric.<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
|-<br />
! style="" |Lateral app.<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| l<br />
| <br />
| ɭ<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
|-<br />
! style="" |Lateral flap<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
|}<br />
<br />
<br />
===Vowels===<br />
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 540px; text-align:center;"<br />
! style="width: 90px; "|<br />
! style="width: 90px; " |Front<br />
! style="width: 90px; " |Near-front<br />
! style="width: 90px; " |Central<br />
! style="width: 90px; " |Near-back<br />
! style="width: 90px; " |Back<br />
|-<br />
! style="" |Close<br />
| i<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
|-<br />
! style="" |Near-close<br />
| <br />
| ɪ<br />
| <br />
| ʊ<br />
| <br />
|-<br />
! style="" |Close-mid<br />
| e ø<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| o<br />
|-<br />
! style="" |Mid<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
|-<br />
! style="" |Open-mid<br />
| ɛ œ<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| ʌ ɔ<br />
|-<br />
! style="" |Near-open<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| ɐ<br />
| <br />
| <br />
|-<br />
! style="" |Open<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
|}<br />
<br />
===Phonotactics===<br />
<!-- Explain the consonant clusters and vowel clusters that are permissible for use in the language. For example, "st" is an allowed consonant cluster in English while onset "ng" isn't. --><br />
<br />
Any consonant cluster is allowed, without needing a vowel. For example, "knmplrtza" is allowed, although it is not common to see more than three or four consecutive consonants together. The most common consonant cluster is "sk", and usually two consonants will be consecutive if they are from different syllables. Additionally, one letter words that only consist of a consonant are also allowed. For example, if the word "d" precedes a word that begins with a consonant, it will be pronounced like an "e" is at the end, but it will be an extremely short sound. However, if it precedes a word that begins with a vowel, it will flow into the pronunciation of that word, similar to how "l'eau" would be pronounced in french.<br />
<br><br><br />
Vowel clusters are not allowed, unless a "j" is used to separate them.<br />
<br><br><br />
<br />
===Orthography===<br />
<!--Explain your conlang's alphabet. Use the International Phonetic Alphabet to describe the sounds of your language. If you are unsure on how to use IPA then visit: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet and read up. --><br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|-<br />
! Letter !! Pronunciation !! Name<br />
|-<br />
| Aa || /ɐ/ || a<br />
|-<br />
| Bb || /b/ || bej<br />
|-<br />
| Dd || /d/ || dej<br />
|-<br />
| Ee || /ɛ/ || ie<br />
|-<br />
| Ff || /f/ || fej<br />
|-<br />
| Ii* || /i/ or /j/ || i<br />
|-<br />
| Jj || /j/ || joj<br />
|-<br />
| Kk || /k/ || kej<br />
|-<br />
| Ll || /l/ || el<br />
|-<br />
| Łł || /ɭ/ || łej<br />
|-<br />
| Mm || /m/ || em<br />
|-<br />
| Nn || /n/ || en<br />
|-<br />
| Oo || /o/ || o<br />
|-<br />
| Pp || /p/ || pej<br />
|-<br />
| Rr || /ʁ/ || er<br />
|-<br />
| Tt || /t/ || tej<br />
|-<br />
| Ss || /s/ || es<br />
|-<br />
| Šš || /ʃ/ || ša<br />
|-<br />
| Ćć || /t͡s/ || ećie<br />
|-<br />
| Čč || /t͡ʃ/ || če<br />
|-<br />
| Uu || /ʊ/ || u<br />
|-<br />
| Vv || /v/ || vej<br />
|-<br />
| Zz || /z/ || zej<br />
|-<br />
| Žž || /ʒ/ || aža<br />
|}<br />
&#x002a; The letter "i" is pronounced as /i/ when by itself; however, when it precedes another vowel it is pronounced as /j/.<br />
<br><br />
<br><br />
When a vowel is unstressed and in the last syllable of a word, it may have a different pronunciation. Please take note of the following:<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|-<br />
| <b>a</b> || /ɪ/<br />
|-<br />
| <b>e</b> || /ʌ/<br />
|-<br />
| <b>i</b> || /ɪ/<br />
|-<br />
| <b>o</b> || /ø/<br />
|-<br />
| <b>u</b> || /œ/<br />
|}<br />
<br><br><br />
When a vowel is followed by a "j", it adds a short "i" sound, similar to the "Й" letter in Russian. The pronunciations of "aj", "ej", "ij", "oj", and "uj" are in the following table:<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|-<br />
| <b>aj</b> || /aɪ/<br />
|-<br />
| <b>ej</b> || /e/<br />
|-<br />
| <b>ij</b> || /ij/<br />
|-<br />
| <b>oj</b> || /ɔɪ/<br />
|-<br />
| <b>uj</b> || /ʊj/<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==Grammar==<br />
==Morphology==<br />
<!-- How do the words in your language look? How do you derive words from others? Do you have cases? Are verbs inflected? Do nouns differ from adjectives? Do adjectives differ from verbs? Etc. --><br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
===Nouns===<br />
Nouns are made up of three parts: the root, the case/voice, and the number. <br />
<br />
====Root====<br />
The root of a noun, is the part that holds the meaning.<br />
<br />
====Case / Voice====<br />
The case/voice part of a noun indicates if the noun is the subject, the direct object, the indirect object, the object of a preposition, or the actor (when a sentence is written in passive voice). The case/voice is represented by an affix that is infixated inside the root of the noun. You can't decide where to infixate the affix in the root, there is a certain place to do so that you just have to memorize for each word.<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|-<br />
! Nominative* !! Accusative !! Dative !! Object of Prep. !! Actor (in passive voice)<br />
|-<br />
| <center>a/e/i</center> || <center>u</center> || <center>o</center> || <center>uj</center> || <center>oj</center><br />
|}<br />
&#x002A; Dictionary form always utilises nominative case, and can either be an "a", "e", or "i". Exceptions: gerunds and adjectives that become nouns<br />
<br />
====Number====<br />
There are 3 different numbers for nouns: singular, plural, and zero (if there is none of something). They are represented by an affix that is added to the end of the noun. The dictionary form will be in singular. There are 10 different endings for number that may change differently.<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|-<br />
! singular (1) !! Plural (>1) !! Zero (0)<br />
|-<br />
| a || aje || o<br />
|-<br />
| e || eje || o<br />
|-<br />
| i || ije || o<br />
|-<br />
| ć || š || ću<br />
|-<br />
| č || š || ču<br />
|-<br />
| sk || č || sko<br />
|-<br />
| il || oje || ol<br />
|-<br />
| on || omie || op<br />
|-<br />
| el || elš || elo<br />
|-<br />
| av || avš || avo<br />
|}<br />
<br />
====Examples====<br />
=====Makašme (dictionary form of "store")=====<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|-<br />
| <b>root a</b> || <b>case/voice</b> || <b>root b</b> || <b>number</b><br />
|-<br />
| <center>mak</center> || <center>a</center> || <center>šm</center> || <center>e</center><br />
|}<br />
This means, that the infix "a", meaning nominative case (subject) was infixed inside "makšm", which is followed by "e" meaning it is singular.<br />
<br />
To change the case/voice and number, just swap out the affixes for different ones.<br />
<br />
: For example, to say "store" as in "i'm going to some stores" (object of preposition and plural), add the corresponding affixes ("uj" and "eje")<br />
:::::::::Mak + uj + šm + eje = <b>Makujšmeje</b><br />
<br />
=====Šemisk (dictionary form of "shirt")=====<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|-<br />
| <b>root a</b> || <b>case/voice</b> || <b>root b</b> || <b>number</b><br />
|-<br />
| <center>š</center> || <center>e</center> || <center>mi</center> || <center>sk</center><br />
|}<br />
So, the nominative affix is "e", and the singular affix is "sk".<br />
<br />
: To change it to "shirt" as in "i have no shirts", you would the corresponding affixes for accusative case and zero as the number ("u" and "sko")<br />
:::::::::Š + u + mi + sko = <b>Šumisko</b><br />
<br />
===Verbs===<br />
There are no conjugations for person, but there is verb aspect, tense, and voice.<br />
<br />
====Tense====<br />
Tense is represented by an affix and is the first one to be added onto the root of the verb (which holds the meaning). Dictionary form always is in present tense.<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|-<br />
! Present !! Past !! Future<br />
|-<br />
| <center>ej</center> || <center>oj</center> || <center>aj</center><br />
|}<br />
<br />
====Voice====<br />
Voice is the 2nd affix to be added to the end of the verb. Active voice is assumed by default, so no affix is needed for it. However, there are affixes for middle voice (reflexive) and passive voice.<br><b>**Never in Dictionary Form**</b><br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|-<br />
! Middle !! Passive<br />
|-<br />
| <center>oš</center> || <center>oč</center><br />
|}<br />
<br />
====Aspect====<br />
Aspect is the final thing to be added onto the verb. Aspect affixes are only needed in the continuous (be + -ing), habitual (used to...), and iterative (re- as in rewrite) aspects.<br><b>**Never in Dictionary Form**</b><br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|-<br />
! Continuous !! Habitual* !! Iterative<br />
|-<br />
| <center>a</center> || <center>eš</center> || <center>aso</center><br />
|}<br />
&#x002A; Habitual aspect is only used in past tense (oj)<br />
<br />
====Examples====<br />
* <b>Etrej</b> : "to be", this is dictionary form so it's in present tense<br />
:* <b>Etroj</b> : "was"<br />
:* <b>Etroješ</b> : "used to be"<br />
* <b>Ekrijej</b> : "to write"<br />
:* <b>Ekrijoja</b> : "was writing"<br />
:* <b>Ekrijaj</b> : "will write" / "going to write"<br />
:* <b>Ekrijajaso</b> : "will rewrite" / "going to rewrite"<br />
<br />
===Adjectives / Adverbs===<br />
Adjectives and adverbs are the same thing in Persiran. Adjectives/Adverbs always end in "-a", and can be used to modify nouns, adjectives, adverbs, or verbs. Adjectives/Adverbs always follow the word they modify. (If W = word and A = adjective/adverb, the order would be WA)<br />
<br><br />
<br><br />
There is no agreement with adjectives/adverbs with the word they modify.<br />
<br />
===Derivational Morphology===<br />
<br />
====Nouns to Adjectives/Adverbs====<br />
# Take the dictionary form of a noun, and take away the ending that represents number (ex. "mera" -> "mer" / "panać" -> "pana")<br />
# Add an "a" onto the end. If the noun (without the number ending) ends with an "a", add an "ja". (ex. "mer" + "a" = "mera" / "pana" + "ja" = "panaja")<br />
::Note: Some nouns already end with an "a" and don't change like "mera" (mother).<br />
# The example ("mera" -> "mera") turned "mother" into "motherly". The example ("panać" -> "panaja") turned "bread" into "bready".<br />
<br />
====Adjectives/Adverbs to Nouns====<br />
# Remove the "a" ending from the end of the adjective. (ex. "bela" -> "bel")<br />
# Add the affix "av" to the end. (ex. "bel" + "av" = "belav")<br />
# The example ("bela" -> "belav") turned "beautiful" into "beauty".<br />
<br />
====Verbs to Nouns====<br />
=====Gerunds=====<br />
This is the basic way of forming a gerund.<br />
# Take the dictionary form of a verb, and remove the "ej" from the end. (ex. "surej" -> "sur")<br />
# Add the affix "el" to the end. (ex. "sur" + "el" = "surel")<br />
# The example ("surej" -> "surel") turned "to smile" into "smile".<br />
<br />
=====Doers=====<br />
This is the way of turning a verb into someone who performs that action.<br />
# Take the dictionary form of a verb, and remove the "ej" from the end. (ex. "curej" -> "cur")<br />
# Add the affix "eć" to the end. (ex. "cur" + "eć" = "cureć")<br />
# The example ("curej" -> "cureć") turned "to run" into "runner".<br />
<br />
====Verbs to Adjectives/Adverbs====<br />
=====Basic Adjectives/Adverbs=====<br />
This is the basic way of turning a verb into an adjective/adverb.<br />
# Take the dictionary form of a verb, and remove the "ej" from the end. (ex. "danšej" -> "danš")<br />
# Add the affix "a" to the end. ("danš" + "a" = "danša")<br />
# The example ("danšej" -> "danša") turned "to danse" into "dancing" or "dancingly".<br />
<br />
=====Past Participles=====<br />
This is the basic way of turning a verb into an adjective that generally ends in "-ed" in English, or a past participle.<br />
# Take the dictionary form of a verb and add the passive voice ending "oč" to the end. (ex. "aštej" -> "aštejoč")<br />
# Break the verb into pieces (root, tense, and voice). (ex. "aštej" = "ašt" + "ej" + "oč")<br />
# Remove the "ej" affix. (ex. "ašt" + "ej" + "oč" -> "ašt" + "oč" and "ašt" + "oč" = "aštoč")<br />
# Add the affix "a" at the end. (ex. "aštoč" + "a" = "aštoča")<br />
# The example ("aštej" -> "aštoča") turned "to buy" into "bought".<br />
<br />
<br />
<!-- Here are some example subcategories:<br />
<br />
Nouns<br />
Adjectives<br />
Verbs<br />
Adverbs<br />
Particles<br />
Derivational morphology<br />
<br />
--><br />
<br />
==Syntax==<br />
<br />
<!-- Example: Word order, qualifiers, determinatives, branching, etc. --><br />
<br />
[[Category:Conlangs]]<br />
[[Category:Languages]]</div>Nicolellehttps://linguifex.com/w/index.php?title=Persiran&diff=11585Persiran2013-09-05T23:06:31Z<p>Nicolelle: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{private}}<br />
{{Infobox language<br />
|name = Persiran<br />
|nativename = Persirija<br />
|pronunciation= /peʁ'siʁija/<br />
|region = <br />
|states = <br />
|nation = Persirus<br />
|speakers = 301,486<br />
|date = 2012<br />
|familycolor= Indo-European<br />
|family= [[w:Indo-European_languages|Indo-European]]<br />
|ancestor= Savian<br />
|script= Latin<br />
|agency=<br />
|iso1= pr<br />
|iso2= prs<br />
|iso3= prs<br />
|notice=IPA<br />
}}<br />
<br />
<br />
<!-- <br />
<br />
This is a short reminder of the language format policy.<br />
<br />
I. Write a short piece stating your intents and purposes when creating the language (Design goal, inspiration, ideas, and so on).<br />
II. Write a short introduction to your language. (Who speaks it? When was it created? By whom? or what? are some example questions that can be answered here)<br />
III. Once done, try making sure everything is properly spelt so as to avoid unnecessary reader fatigue.<br />
<br />
--><br />
<br />
This language was created to be spoken in the fictional country of Persirus, which is in eastern europe. <br />
<br />
==Background==<br />
The vocabulary of Persiran is probably 95% from French words. The other 5% are from English, Czech, Russian, or other languages in eastern europe.<br />
<br />
<!-- Design goals, inspiration, ideas, who speaks it?, when was it created?, where does it come from?, any peculiarities? --><br />
<br />
<!-- Example categories/headings: <br />
<br />
Goals<br />
Setting<br />
Inspiration<br />
<br />
--><br />
<br />
<!-- ***Phonology*** --><br />
<!-- What sounds does your language use? --><br />
<!-- Here are some example sub-/other categories:<br />
<br />
Vowel inventory<br />
Consonant inventory<br />
Syllable structure<br />
Stress<br />
Intonation<br />
<br />
--><br />
==Phonology==<br />
===Consonants===<br />
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 660px; text-align:center;"<br />
! style="width: 68px; "|<br />
! style="width: 68px; " |Bilabial<br />
! style="width: 68px; " |Labio-dental<br />
! style="width: 68px; " |Dental<br />
! style="width: 68px; " |Alveolar<br />
! style="width: 68px; " |Post-alveolar<br />
! style="width: 68px; " |Retroflex<br />
! style="width: 68px; " |Palatal<br />
! style="width: 68px; " |Velar<br />
! style="width: 68px; " |Uvular<br />
! style="width: 68px; " |Pharyngeal<br />
! style="width: 68px; " |Epiglottal<br />
! style="width: 68px; " |Glottal<br />
|-<br />
! style="" |Nasal<br />
| m<br />
| <br />
|<br />
| n<br />
| <br />
|<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
|-<br />
! style="" |Plosive<br />
| p b<br />
|<br />
| <br />
| t d<br />
|<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| k<br />
|<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
|-<br />
! style="" |Fricative<br />
| <br />
| f v<br />
| <br />
| s z<br />
| ʃ ʒ<br />
|<br />
| <br />
|<br />
| ʁ<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
|-<br />
! style="" |Affricate<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| t͡s<br />
| t͡ʃ<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
|-<br />
! style="" |Approximant<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| j<br />
|<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
|-<br />
! style="" |Trill<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
|-<br />
! style="" |Flap or tap<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
|-<br />
! style="" |Lateral fric.<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
|-<br />
! style="" |Lateral app.<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| l<br />
| <br />
| ɭ<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
|-<br />
! style="" |Lateral flap<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
|}<br />
<br />
===Vowels===<br />
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 540px; text-align:center;"<br />
! style="width: 90px; "|<br />
! style="width: 90px; " |Front<br />
! style="width: 90px; " |Near-front<br />
! style="width: 90px; " |Central<br />
! style="width: 90px; " |Near-back<br />
! style="width: 90px; " |Back<br />
|-<br />
! style="" |Close<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
|-<br />
! style="" |Near-close<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
|-<br />
! style="" |Close-mid<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
|-<br />
! style="" |Mid<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
|-<br />
! style="" |Open-mid<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
|-<br />
! style="" |Near-open<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
|-<br />
! style="" |Open<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
|}<br />
===Phonotactics===<br />
<!-- Explain the consonant clusters and vowel clusters that are permissible for use in the language. For example, "st" is an allowed consonant cluster in English while onset "ng" isn't. --><br />
<br />
Any consonant cluster is allowed, without needing a vowel. For example, "knmplrtza" is allowed, although it is not common to see more than three or four consecutive consonants together. The most common consonant cluster is "sk", and usually two consonants will be consecutive if they are from different syllables. Additionally, one letter words that only consist of a consonant are also allowed. For example, if the word "d" precedes a word that begins with a consonant, it will be pronounced like an "e" is at the end, but it will be an extremely short sound. However, if it precedes a word that begins with a vowel, it will flow into the pronunciation of that word, similar to how "l'eau" would be pronounced in french.<br />
<br><br><br />
Vowel clusters are not allowed, unless a "j" is used to separate them.<br />
<br><br><br />
<br />
===Orthography===<br />
<!--Explain your conlang's alphabet. Use the International Phonetic Alphabet to describe the sounds of your language. If you are unsure on how to use IPA then visit: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet and read up. --><br />
<br />
<br />
==Grammar==<br />
==Morphology==<br />
<!-- How do the words in your language look? How do you derive words from others? Do you have cases? Are verbs inflected? Do nouns differ from adjectives? Do adjectives differ from verbs? Etc. --><br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
===Nouns===<br />
Nouns are made up of three parts: the root, the case/voice, and the number. <br />
<br />
====Root====<br />
The root of a noun, is the part that holds the meaning.<br />
<br />
====Case / Voice====<br />
The case/voice part of a noun indicates if the noun is the subject, the direct object, the indirect object, the object of a preposition, or the actor (when a sentence is written in passive voice). The case/voice is represented by an affix that is infixated inside the root of the noun. You can't decide where to infixate the affix in the root, there is a certain place to do so that you just have to memorize for each word.<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|-<br />
! Nominative* !! Accusative !! Dative !! Object of Prep. !! Actor (in passive voice)<br />
|-<br />
| <center>a/e/i</center> || <center>u</center> || <center>o</center> || <center>uj</center> || <center>oj</center><br />
|}<br />
&#x002A; Dictionary form always utilises nominative case, and can either be an "a", "e", or "i". Exceptions: gerunds and adjectives that become nouns<br />
<br />
====Number====<br />
There are 3 different numbers for nouns: singular, plural, and zero (if there is none of something). They are represented by an affix that is added to the end of the noun. The dictionary form will be in singular. There are 10 different endings for number that may change differently.<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|-<br />
! singular (1) !! Plural (>1) !! Zero (0)<br />
|-<br />
| a || aje || o<br />
|-<br />
| e || eje || o<br />
|-<br />
| i || ije || o<br />
|-<br />
| ć || š || ću<br />
|-<br />
| č || š || ču<br />
|-<br />
| sk || č || sko<br />
|-<br />
| il || oje || ol<br />
|-<br />
| on || omie || op<br />
|-<br />
| el || elš || elo<br />
|-<br />
| av || avš || avo<br />
|}<br />
<br />
====Examples====<br />
=====Makašme (dictionary form of "store")=====<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|-<br />
| <b>root a</b> || <b>case/voice</b> || <b>root b</b> || <b>number</b><br />
|-<br />
| <center>mak</center> || <center>a</center> || <center>šm</center> || <center>e</center><br />
|}<br />
This means, that the infix "a", meaning nominative case (subject) was infixed inside "makšm", which is followed by "e" meaning it is singular.<br />
<br />
To change the case/voice and number, just swap out the affixes for different ones.<br />
<br />
: For example, to say "store" as in "i'm going to some stores" (object of preposition and plural), add the corresponding affixes ("uj" and "eje")<br />
:::::::::Mak + uj + šm + eje = <b>Makujšmeje</b><br />
<br />
=====Šemisk (dictionary form of "shirt")=====<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|-<br />
| <b>root a</b> || <b>case/voice</b> || <b>root b</b> || <b>number</b><br />
|-<br />
| <center>š</center> || <center>e</center> || <center>mi</center> || <center>sk</center><br />
|}<br />
So, the nominative affix is "e", and the singular affix is "sk".<br />
<br />
: To change it to "shirt" as in "i have no shirts", you would the corresponding affixes for accusative case and zero as the number ("u" and "sko")<br />
:::::::::Š + u + mi + sko = <b>Šumisko</b><br />
<br />
===Verbs===<br />
There are no conjugations for person, but there is verb aspect, tense, and voice.<br />
<br />
====Tense====<br />
Tense is represented by an affix and is the first one to be added onto the root of the verb (which holds the meaning). Dictionary form always is in present tense.<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|-<br />
! Present !! Past !! Future<br />
|-<br />
| <center>ej</center> || <center>oj</center> || <center>aj</center><br />
|}<br />
<br />
====Voice====<br />
Voice is the 2nd affix to be added to the end of the verb. Active voice is assumed by default, so no affix is needed for it. However, there are affixes for middle voice (reflexive) and passive voice.<br><b>**Never in Dictionary Form**</b><br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|-<br />
! Middle !! Passive<br />
|-<br />
| <center>oč</center> || <center>oš</center><br />
|}<br />
<br />
====Aspect====<br />
Aspect is the final thing to be added onto the verb. Aspect affixes are only needed in the continuous (be + -ing), habitual (used to...), and iterative (re- as in rewrite) aspects.<br><b>**Never in Dictionary Form**</b><br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|-<br />
! Continuous !! Habitual* !! Iterative<br />
|-<br />
| <center>a</center> || <center>eš</center> || <center>aso</center><br />
|}<br />
&#x002A; Habitual aspect is only used in past tense (oj)<br />
<br />
====Examples====<br />
* <b>Etrej</b> : "to be", this is dictionary form so it's in present tense<br />
:* <b>Etroj</b> : "was"<br />
:* <b>Etroješ</b> : "used to be"<br />
* <b>Ekrijej</b> : "to write"<br />
:* <b>Ekrijoja</b> : "was writing"<br />
:* <b>Ekrijaj</b> : "will write" / "going to write"<br />
:* <b>Ekrijajaso</b> : "will rewrite" / "going to rewrite"<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<!-- Here are some example subcategories:<br />
<br />
Nouns<br />
Adjectives<br />
Verbs<br />
Adverbs<br />
Particles<br />
Derivational morphology<br />
<br />
--><br />
<br />
==Syntax==<br />
<br />
<!-- Example: Word order, qualifiers, determinatives, branching, etc. --><br />
<br />
[[Category:Conlangs]]</div>Nicolellehttps://linguifex.com/w/index.php?title=N%C3%ADevzi&diff=11584Níevzi2013-09-05T23:05:34Z<p>Nicolelle: </p>
<hr />
<div><br />
<br />
{{private}}<br />
<br />
{{Infobox language<br />
|name = Nivian<br />
|nativename = Níevzi<br />
|pronunciation= /'ɲjevzi/<br />
|region = Lezsía<br />
|states = <br />
|nation = Persirus, Sævíus<br />
|speakers = 301,486<br />
|date = 2012<br />
|familycolor= Isolate<br />
|family= Isolate<br />
|ancestor= Sirina<br />
|script= Latin<br />
|agency=<br />
|iso1= ni<br />
|iso2= niv<br />
|iso3= niv<br />
|notice=IPA<br />
}}<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
'''Nivian''' (Nivian: '''Níevzi''', /'ɲjevzi/) is an a priori language that was the second generation of Siryn languages. Its purpose is to express the complex thoughts of humans in a superior manner.<br />
<br />
<!-- <br />
<br />
This is a short reminder of the language format policy.<br />
<br />
I. Write a short piece stating your intents and purposes when creating the language (Design goal, inspiration, ideas, and so on).<br />
II. Write a short introduction to your language. (Who speaks it? When was it created? By whom? or what? are some example questions that can be answered here)<br />
III. Once done, try making sure everything is properly spelt so as to avoid unnecessary reader fatigue.<br />
<br />
--><br />
<br />
==Background==<br />
The first evidence of Níevzi is from a carved stone discovered in the Íuçol Forest in present-day Pęrsirùs from thousands of years ago, before the Sirina people separated. Experts believe that it belonged to Sirê Zesú's (the creator of the first generation of Sirina languages) grand-successor. It wasn't until about 100 years after the language was created that the Latin alphabet made its way to Siryn. The first generation was very simple and is still used in some parts of Lezsía, /'lɛt͡sja/, (the region consisting of Pęrsirùs and Sævíùs). <br />
<br />
<!-- Design goals, inspiration, ideas, who speaks it?, when was it created?, where does it come from?, any peculiarities? --><br />
<br />
<!-- Example categories/headings: <br />
<br />
Goals<br />
Setting<br />
Inspiration<br />
<br />
--><br />
<br />
<!-- ***Phonology*** --><br />
<!-- What sounds does your language use? --><br />
<!-- Here are some example sub-/other categories:<br />
<br />
Vowel inventory<br />
Consonant inventory<br />
Syllable structure<br />
Stress<br />
Intonation<br />
<br />
--><br />
==Phonology==<br />
<br />
===Consonants===<br />
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 660px; text-align:center;"<br />
! style="width: 68px; "|<br />
! style="width: 68px; " |Bilabial<br />
! style="width: 68px; " |Labio-dental<br />
! style="width: 68px; " |Dental<br />
! style="width: 68px; " |Alveolar<br />
! style="width: 68px; " |Post-alveolar<br />
! style="width: 68px; " |Retroflex<br />
! style="width: 68px; " |Palatal<br />
! style="width: 68px; " |Velar<br />
! style="width: 68px; " |Uvular<br />
! style="width: 68px; " |Glottal<br />
|-<br />
! style="" |Nasal<br />
| style="" |m<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| style="" |n<br />
| style="" |ɲ<br />
| style="" |ŋ<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
|-<br />
! style="" |Plosive<br />
| style="" |p b<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| style="" |t d<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| style="" |k g<br />
| <br />
| <br />
|-<br />
! style="" |Fricative<br />
| style="" |ɸ<br />
| style="" |f v<br />
| style="" |θ ð<br />
| style="" |s v t͡s<br />
| style="" |ʃ ʒ<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| style="" |χ ʁ<br />
| style="" |h<br />
|-<br />
! style="" |Approximant<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| style="" |ɹ<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| style="" |j<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
|-<br />
! style="" |Flap or tap<br />
| <br />
| style="" |ⱱ<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
|-<br />
! style="" |Lateral fric.<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| style="" |ɬ<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
|-<br />
! style="" |Lateral app.<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| style="" |l<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
|}<br />
<br />
===Vowels===<br />
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 540px; text-align:center;"<br />
! style="width: 90px; "|<br />
! style="width: 90px; " |Front<br />
! style="width: 90px; " |Near-front<br />
! style="width: 90px; " |Central<br />
! style="width: 90px; " |Near-back<br />
! style="width: 90px; " |Back<br />
|-<br />
! style="" |Close<br />
| style="" |i<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| style="" |u<br />
|-<br />
! style="" |Near-close<br />
| <br />
| style="" |ɪ<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
|-<br />
! style="" |Close-mid<br />
| style="" |e<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| style="" |o<br />
|-<br />
! style="" |Mid<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| style="" |ə<br />
| <br />
| <br />
|-<br />
! style="" |Open-mid<br />
| style="" |ɛ œ<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
|-<br />
! style="" |Near-open<br />
| style="" |æ<br />
| <br />
| style="" |ɐ<br />
| <br />
| <br />
|-<br />
! style="" |Open<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
|}<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
===Phonotactics===<br />
<!-- Explain the consonant clusters and vowel clusters that are permissible for use in the language. For example, "st" is an allowed consonant cluster in English while onset "ng" isn't. --><br />
There are two types of consonant clusters allowed in the Níevzi language. These occurances are the ONLY time two cononants can be consecutive in the same syllable.<br />
<ul><br />
<li><b>xi</b> /ʃ/ - This cluster can only be used in the beginning of a syllable, but not a word.</li><br />
<li><b>zs</b> /t͡s/ - This cluster can be used anywhere in a word or syllable.</li><br />
</ul><br />
<br />
===Orthography===<br />
<!--Explain your conlang's alphabet. Use the International Phonetic Alphabet to describe the sounds of your language. If you are unsure on how to use IPA then visit: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet and read up. --><br />
<br />
<br />
{| {{Table/bluetable}} style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle"<br />
! style="text-align: center;"|'''Letters'''<br />
! style="text-align: center;"|'''Name'''<br />
! style="text-align: center;"|'''Pronunciation'''<br />
! style="text-align: center;"|'''Further informations'''<br />
|-<br />
|Ææ<br />
|al<br />
|/æ/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Aa<br />
|a<br />
|/a/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Ää<br />
|av<br />
|/ɔ/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Åå<br />
|å<br />
|/e/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Bb<br />
|bå<br />
|/b/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Çç<br />
|çå<br />
|/θ/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Ċċ<br />
|ċå<br />
|/ð/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Dd<br />
|då<br />
|/d/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Ee/Ęę<br />
|e<br />
|/ɛ/<br />
|ę is used '''only''' before an r. e is used for every other case<br />
|-<br />
|Ëë<br />
|íë<br />
|/œ/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Ėė<br />
|ë<br />
|/œ/<br />
|A very short "ë" sound. It is mainly used to separate two consecutive consonants<br />
|-<br />
|Ff<br />
|få<br />
|/f/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Gg<br />
|ga<br />
|/g/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Hh<br />
|ha<br />
|/h/<br />
|Exception: It will be pronounced like /χ/ (vl uvular fricative), when it an "a" follows it.<br />
|-<br />
|Ii<br />
|i<br />
|/i/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Íí<br />
|ía<br />
|/j/<br />
| Used *only* before a vowel to add a short "y" sound to it.<br />
|-<br />
|Îî<br />
|î<br />
|/aɪ/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Ʒʒ<br />
|ʒa<br />
|/ʒ/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Kk<br />
|ek<br />
|/k/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Mm<br />
|em<br />
|/m/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Nn<br />
|en<br />
|/n/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Oo<br />
|o<br />
|/o/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Øø<br />
|ío<br />
|/ɔɪ/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Pp<br />
|på<br />
|/p/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Rr<br />
|rå<br />
|/r/<br />
|Exception: When "r" is used at the beginning of a word or at the end of a syllable it is pronounced as /ʁ/<br />
|-<br />
|Tt<br />
|ta<br />
|/t/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Uu<br />
|u<br />
|/u/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Ùù<br />
|íù<br />
|/ə/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Vv<br />
|vå<br />
|/ⱱ/<br />
|Exception: It is pronounced like /v/ when it ends a word.<br />
|-<br />
|Ww<br />
|wå<br />
|/w/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Xx<br />
|ax<br />
|/k&#x361;s/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Yy<br />
|yv<br />
|/ɪ/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Zz<br />
|za<br />
|/z/<br />
| -<br />
|}<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
===Dialects===<br />
There are two main dialects: Vef and Lod. They were created after the Siryn Split, when the people who favored a strong, absolute dictatorship moved to present-day Sævíùs, /'sævjəs/, (literally means "powerful land") and the people who favored a limited monarchy moved to present-day Pęrsirùs, /pɛʁ'siʁəs/ (literally means "land of family"). Immediately after the separation, there were many wars between the new nations. However, after a horrible defeat, Sævíùs isolated themselves from all outside influence. As a result, a new dialect of Níevzi was born.<br />
:*'''Vef''' /'vɛf/ - Vef literally translates to "old", since this dialect was the original second-generation. A Níevzi class will be teaching this dialect as it is the one most accepted to be regular "Níevzi". Vef is spoken by a majority of the people in Pęrsirús.<br />
<br />
:*'''Lod''' /'lod/ - Lod literally translates to "new", since this dialect is newer than the original second-generation. This is spoken in Sæviús. The pronunciations of some letters are slightly different and there is an irregular group of verbs that have a different ending from the regular "ë".<br />
::::• æ → pronounced as /aɪ/<br />
::::• å → pronounced as /ɛ/<br />
::::• ë → pronounced as /ə/<br />
::::• r (if it ends a syllable/starts a word and is pronounced as /ʁ/) → pronounced as /l/<br />
::::• -o verb ending in place of "-ë" for the following verbs:<br />
::::::æzsirë → æzsiro (to connect (people))<br />
::::::zipæmë → zipæmo (to play)<br />
::::::æmë → æmo (to stay/remain)<br />
::::::elisnanë → elisnano (to buy)<br />
::::::polæzesë → polæzeso (to lie)<br />
::::::lîvnavë → lînavo (to eat)<br />
::::::nofelë → nofelo (to balance)<br />
::::::dåvíë → dåvío (to release)<br />
==Grammar==<br />
==Morphology==<br />
<!-- How do the words in your language look? How do you derive words from others? Do you have cases? Are verbs inflected? Do nouns differ from adjectives? Do adjectives differ from verbs? Etc. --><br />
<br />
<!-- Here are some example subcategories:<br />
<br />
Nouns<br />
Adjectives<br />
Verbs<br />
Adverbs<br />
Particles<br />
Derivational morphology<br />
<br />
--><br />
<br />
==Syntax==<br />
<br />
<!-- Example: Word order, qualifiers, determinatives, branching, etc. --><br />
===Word Order===<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|-<br />
| <big><center>'''KEY'''</center></big> || '''S''': Subject || '''Aji''': Inner Adjective*|| '''Ajo''': Outer Adjective* || '''Art''': Article || '''Do''': Direct Object || '''Io''': Indirect Object || '''Av''': Adverb <br />
|-<br />
| '''Va''': Action Verb || '''Vl''': Linking Verb || '''Vh''': Helping Verb || '''Pa''': Predicate Adj. || '''Pn''': Predicate Nominative || '''Pr''': Preposition || '''Op''': Object of Prep. || '''N''': Noun<br />
|}<br />
'''Basic Sentence''':<br /><br />
Va<br />
* Lîbëría. (She understands.)<br />
Va-S'Art<br />
* (ex)<br />
Va-S'Art Do Io<br />
* (example coming soon)<br />
Vl-S'Art Pa<br />
* Ċymëríi-tåzipam'lå zsema. (This toy is red.)<br />
Vl-S'Art Pn'Art<br />
* (ex)<br />
<br><br />
'''Helping Verbs''' (<small>Take off the "ë" or "o" verb ending for the action/linking verb. If the verb is one syllable and the helping verb starts with a consonant, change the ending to "ė".</small>):<br /><br />
Va'Vh<br />
* Æzes'gæçërù (I can speak.)<br />
Va'Vh-S'Art Do<br />
* lė'gæçiraz-tåʒen'zså råsir'å. (Words can move people.)<br />
Va'Vh-S'Art Do Io<br />
* rësvė'olërío-tåíolamęr'vå råzipam'vå såíalimęr'vå. (The boy has to give the toy to the girl.)<br />
Vl'Vh-S'Art Pa<br />
* Ċym'olëría sæva. (She has to be powerful.)<br />
Vl'Vh-S'Art Pn'Art<br />
* Ċym'gæçëríi-tånam'vå kølan'å. (The thing can be an animal.)<br />
<br><br />
'''Modifiers''':<br /><br />
<small>*There are two different kinds of adjectives in N&#237;evzi: Inner Adjectives and Outer Adjectives. Outer adjectives are usually physical character traits (i.e. hair color). They are obvious and everyone can agree on them. This type of adjective precedes the noun, but is connected to it as the same word. Inner adjectives focus more around personality. They are the traits that you have to look deeper to discover. This category also includes physical traits that are of opininon, like beauty. Inner adjectives are left as they are and is placed, as a new word, after the noun.</small><br /><br />
AjoN'Art Av Aji Av<br />
* (ex)<br />
* There can be as many inner and outer adjectives as wanted. The extra outers would continue to connect to the beginning of the noun. The extra inners would continue to be added at the end of the noun as a new word.<br />
* The first Adverb modifies the Outer Adjective, and the second Adverb modifies the Inner Adjective. This allows you to add multiple adjectives with multiple adverbs with having to use any other words, like "and". If there are more than one Outer Adjective, the adverbs would go in order from left to right, corresponding with the adjective placement. If there are more than Inner Adjective with Adverbs, it would just follow the pattern; "Aji Av Aji Av Aji Av Aji Av...", where the Adverb modifies the word that immediately precedes it.<br />
Av Va // Av Vl // Av Va'Vh // Av Vl'Vh<br />
* (ex)<br />
* When modifying a verb, the adverb immediately precedes it as a new word for each type of verb. When there are more than one adverb, just keep adding on adverbs at the beginning (Av Av Av Av Av Av Verb)<br />
<br><br><br />
'''Questions''':<br /><br />
S'Art Verb<br><br />
* Yv'polæzesëz? (Did you lie?)<br />
* Invert the placement of the verb and subject, and remove the "-". All of the modifiers keep the same rules for positioning (i.e. adverbs go directly before the verb). If there is no subject noun, the subject pronoun moves to the front of the verb, instead of being at the end. See the example above.<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Conlangs]]</div>Nicolellehttps://linguifex.com/w/index.php?title=Persiran&diff=11583Persiran2013-09-05T21:26:45Z<p>Nicolelle: Created page with " <!-- This is a short reminder of the language format policy. I. Write a short piece stating your intents and purposes when creating the language (Design goal, inspiration..."</p>
<hr />
<div><br />
<br />
<!-- <br />
<br />
This is a short reminder of the language format policy.<br />
<br />
I. Write a short piece stating your intents and purposes when creating the language (Design goal, inspiration, ideas, and so on).<br />
II. Write a short introduction to your language. (Who speaks it? When was it created? By whom? or what? are some example questions that can be answered here)<br />
III. Once done, try making sure everything is properly spelt so as to avoid unnecessary reader fatigue.<br />
<br />
--><br />
<br />
This language was created to be spoken in the fictional country of Persirus, which is in eastern europe. <br />
<br />
==Background==<br />
The vocabulary of Persiran is probably 95% from French words. The other 5% are from English, Czech, Russian, or other languages in eastern europe.<br />
<br />
<!-- Design goals, inspiration, ideas, who speaks it?, when was it created?, where does it come from?, any peculiarities? --><br />
<br />
<!-- Example categories/headings: <br />
<br />
Goals<br />
Setting<br />
Inspiration<br />
<br />
--><br />
<br />
<!-- ***Phonology*** --><br />
<!-- What sounds does your language use? --><br />
<!-- Here are some example sub-/other categories:<br />
<br />
Vowel inventory<br />
Consonant inventory<br />
Syllable structure<br />
Stress<br />
Intonation<br />
<br />
--><br />
==Phonology==<br />
===Consonants===<br />
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 660px; text-align:center;"<br />
! style="width: 68px; "|<br />
! style="width: 68px; " |Bilabial<br />
! style="width: 68px; " |Labio-dental<br />
! style="width: 68px; " |Dental<br />
! style="width: 68px; " |Alveolar<br />
! style="width: 68px; " |Post-alveolar<br />
! style="width: 68px; " |Retroflex<br />
! style="width: 68px; " |Palatal<br />
! style="width: 68px; " |Velar<br />
! style="width: 68px; " |Uvular<br />
! style="width: 68px; " |Pharyngeal<br />
! style="width: 68px; " |Epiglottal<br />
! style="width: 68px; " |Glottal<br />
|-<br />
! style="" |Nasal<br />
| m<br />
| <br />
|<br />
| n<br />
| <br />
|<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
|-<br />
! style="" |Plosive<br />
| p b<br />
|<br />
| <br />
| t d<br />
|<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| k<br />
|<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
|-<br />
! style="" |Fricative<br />
| <br />
| f v<br />
| <br />
| s z<br />
| ʃ ʒ<br />
|<br />
| <br />
|<br />
| ʁ<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
|-<br />
! style="" |Affricate<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| t͡s<br />
| t͡ʃ<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
|-<br />
! style="" |Approximant<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| j<br />
|<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
|-<br />
! style="" |Trill<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
|-<br />
! style="" |Flap or tap<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
|-<br />
! style="" |Lateral fric.<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
|-<br />
! style="" |Lateral app.<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| l<br />
| <br />
| ɭ<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
|-<br />
! style="" |Lateral flap<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
|}<br />
<br />
===Vowels===<br />
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 540px; text-align:center;"<br />
! style="width: 90px; "|<br />
! style="width: 90px; " |Front<br />
! style="width: 90px; " |Near-front<br />
! style="width: 90px; " |Central<br />
! style="width: 90px; " |Near-back<br />
! style="width: 90px; " |Back<br />
|-<br />
! style="" |Close<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
|-<br />
! style="" |Near-close<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
|-<br />
! style="" |Close-mid<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
|-<br />
! style="" |Mid<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
|-<br />
! style="" |Open-mid<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
|-<br />
! style="" |Near-open<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
|-<br />
! style="" |Open<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
|}<br />
===Phonotactics===<br />
<!-- Explain the consonant clusters and vowel clusters that are permissible for use in the language. For example, "st" is an allowed consonant cluster in English while onset "ng" isn't. --><br />
<br />
Any consonant cluster is allowed, without needing a vowel. For example, "knmplrtza" is allowed, although it is not common to see more than three or four consecutive consonants together. The most common consonant cluster is "sk", and usually two consonants will be consecutive if they are from different syllables. Additionally, one letter words that only consist of a consonant are also allowed. For example, if the word "d" precedes a word that begins with a consonant, it will be pronounced like an "e" is at the end, but it will be an extremely short sound. However, if it precedes a word that begins with a vowel, it will flow into the pronunciation of that word, similar to how "l'eau" would be pronounced in french.<br />
<br><br><br />
Vowel clusters are not allowed, unless a "j" is used to separate them.<br />
<br><br><br />
<br />
===Orthography===<br />
<!--Explain your conlang's alphabet. Use the International Phonetic Alphabet to describe the sounds of your language. If you are unsure on how to use IPA then visit: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet and read up. --><br />
<br />
<br />
==Grammar==<br />
==Morphology==<br />
<!-- How do the words in your language look? How do you derive words from others? Do you have cases? Are verbs inflected? Do nouns differ from adjectives? Do adjectives differ from verbs? Etc. --><br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
===Nouns===<br />
Nouns are made up of three parts: the root, the case/voice, and the number. <br />
<br />
====Root====<br />
The root of a noun, is the part that holds the meaning.<br />
<br />
====Case / Voice====<br />
The case/voice part of a noun indicates if the noun is the subject, the direct object, the indirect object, the object of a preposition, or the actor (when a sentence is written in passive voice). The case/voice is represented by an affix that is infixated inside the root of the noun. You can't decide where to infixate the affix in the root, there is a certain place to do so that you just have to memorize for each word.<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|-<br />
! Nominative* !! Accusative !! Dative !! Object of Prep. !! Actor (in passive voice)<br />
|-<br />
| <center>a/e/i</center> || <center>u</center> || <center>o</center> || <center>uj</center> || <center>oj</center><br />
|}<br />
&#x002A; Dictionary form always utilises nominative case, and can either be an "a", "e", or "i". Exceptions: gerunds and adjectives that become nouns<br />
<br />
====Number====<br />
There are 3 different numbers for nouns: singular, plural, and zero (if there is none of something). They are represented by an affix that is added to the end of the noun. The dictionary form will be in singular. There are 10 different endings for number that may change differently.<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|-<br />
! singular (1) !! Plural (>1) !! Zero (0)<br />
|-<br />
| a || aje || o<br />
|-<br />
| e || eje || o<br />
|-<br />
| i || ije || o<br />
|-<br />
| ć || š || ću<br />
|-<br />
| č || š || ču<br />
|-<br />
| sk || č || sko<br />
|-<br />
| il || oje || ol<br />
|-<br />
| on || omie || op<br />
|-<br />
| el || elš || elo<br />
|-<br />
| av || avš || avo<br />
|}<br />
<br />
====Examples====<br />
=====Makašme (dictionary form of "store")=====<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|-<br />
| <b>root a</b> || <b>case/voice</b> || <b>root b</b> || <b>number</b><br />
|-<br />
| <center>mak</center> || <center>a</center> || <center>šm</center> || <center>e</center><br />
|}<br />
This means, that the infix "a", meaning nominative case (subject) was infixed inside "makšm", which is followed by "e" meaning it is singular.<br />
<br />
To change the case/voice and number, just swap out the affixes for different ones.<br />
<br />
: For example, to say "store" as in "i'm going to some stores" (object of preposition and plural), add the corresponding affixes ("uj" and "eje")<br />
:::::::::Mak + uj + šm + eje = <b>Makujšmeje</b><br />
<br />
=====Šemisk (dictionary form of "shirt")=====<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|-<br />
| <b>root a</b> || <b>case/voice</b> || <b>root b</b> || <b>number</b><br />
|-<br />
| <center>š</center> || <center>e</center> || <center>mi</center> || <center>sk</center><br />
|}<br />
So, the nominative affix is "e", and the singular affix is "sk".<br />
<br />
: To change it to "shirt" as in "i have no shirts", you would the corresponding affixes for accusative case and zero as the number ("u" and "sko")<br />
:::::::::Š + u + mi + sko = <b>Šumisko</b><br />
<br />
===Verbs===<br />
There are no conjugations for person, but there is verb aspect, tense, and voice.<br />
<br />
====Tense====<br />
Tense is represented by an affix and is the first one to be added onto the root of the verb (which holds the meaning). Dictionary form always is in present tense.<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|-<br />
! Present !! Past !! Future<br />
|-<br />
| <center>ej</center> || <center>oj</center> || <center>aj</center><br />
|}<br />
<br />
====Voice====<br />
Voice is the 2nd affix to be added to the end of the verb. Active voice is assumed by default, so no affix is needed for it. However, there are affixes for middle voice (reflexive) and passive voice.<br><b>**Never in Dictionary Form**</b><br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|-<br />
! Middle !! Passive<br />
|-<br />
| <center>oč</center> || <center>oš</center><br />
|}<br />
<br />
====Aspect====<br />
Aspect is the final thing to be added onto the verb. Aspect affixes are only needed in the continuous (be + -ing), habitual (used to...), and iterative (re- as in rewrite) aspects.<br><b>**Never in Dictionary Form**</b><br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|-<br />
! Continuous !! Habitual* !! Iterative<br />
|-<br />
| <center>a</center> || <center>eš</center> || <center>aso</center><br />
|}<br />
&#x002A; Habitual aspect is only used in past tense (oj)<br />
<br />
====Examples====<br />
* <b>Etrej</b> : "to be", this is dictionary form so it's in present tense<br />
:* <b>Etroj</b> : "was"<br />
:* <b>Etroješ</b> : "used to be"<br />
* <b>Ekrijej</b> : "to write"<br />
:* <b>Ekrijoja</b> : "was writing"<br />
:* <b>Ekrijaj</b> : "will write" / "going to write"<br />
:* <b>Ekrijajaso</b> : "will rewrite" / "going to rewrite"<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<!-- Here are some example subcategories:<br />
<br />
Nouns<br />
Adjectives<br />
Verbs<br />
Adverbs<br />
Particles<br />
Derivational morphology<br />
<br />
--><br />
<br />
==Syntax==<br />
<br />
<!-- Example: Word order, qualifiers, determinatives, branching, etc. --><br />
<br />
[[Category:Conlangs]]</div>Nicolellehttps://linguifex.com/w/index.php?title=N%C3%ADevzi&diff=7383Níevzi2013-05-25T00:53:58Z<p>Nicolelle: </p>
<hr />
<div><br />
<br />
{{private}}<br />
<br />
{{Infobox language<br />
|name = Nivian<br />
|nativename = Níevzi<br />
|pronunciation= /'ɲjevzi/<br />
|region = Lezsía<br />
|states = <br />
|nation = Persirus, Sævíus<br />
|speakers = 301,486<br />
|date = 2012<br />
|familycolor= lightgrey<br />
|family= Isolate<br />
|ancestor= Sirina<br />
|script= Latin<br />
|agency=<br />
|iso1= ni<br />
|iso2= niv<br />
|iso3= niv<br />
|notice=IPA<br />
}}<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
'''Nivian''' (Nivian: '''Níevzi''', /'ɲjevzi/) is an a priori language that was the second generation of Siryn languages. Its purpose is to express the complex thoughts of humans in a superior manner.<br />
<br />
<!-- <br />
<br />
This is a short reminder of the language format policy.<br />
<br />
I. Write a short piece stating your intents and purposes when creating the language (Design goal, inspiration, ideas, and so on).<br />
II. Write a short introduction to your language. (Who speaks it? When was it created? By whom? or what? are some example questions that can be answered here)<br />
III. Once done, try making sure everything is properly spelt so as to avoid unnecessary reader fatigue.<br />
<br />
--><br />
<br />
==Background==<br />
The first evidence of Níevzi is from a carved stone discovered in the Íuçol Forest in present-day Pęrsirùs from thousands of years ago, before the Sirina people separated. Experts believe that it belonged to Sirê Zesú's (the creator of the first generation of Sirina languages) grand-successor. It wasn't until about 100 years after the language was created that the Latin alphabet made its way to Siryn. The first generation was very simple and is still used in some parts of Lezsía, /'lɛt͡sja/, (the region consisting of Pęrsirùs and Sævíùs). <br />
<br />
<!-- Design goals, inspiration, ideas, who speaks it?, when was it created?, where does it come from?, any peculiarities? --><br />
<br />
<!-- Example categories/headings: <br />
<br />
Goals<br />
Setting<br />
Inspiration<br />
<br />
--><br />
<br />
<!-- ***Phonology*** --><br />
<!-- What sounds does your language use? --><br />
<!-- Here are some example sub-/other categories:<br />
<br />
Vowel inventory<br />
Consonant inventory<br />
Syllable structure<br />
Stress<br />
Intonation<br />
<br />
--><br />
==Phonology==<br />
<br />
===Consonants===<br />
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 660px; text-align:center;"<br />
! style="width: 68px; "|<br />
! style="width: 68px; " |Bilabial<br />
! style="width: 68px; " |Labio-dental<br />
! style="width: 68px; " |Dental<br />
! style="width: 68px; " |Alveolar<br />
! style="width: 68px; " |Post-alveolar<br />
! style="width: 68px; " |Retroflex<br />
! style="width: 68px; " |Palatal<br />
! style="width: 68px; " |Velar<br />
! style="width: 68px; " |Uvular<br />
! style="width: 68px; " |Glottal<br />
|-<br />
! style="" |Nasal<br />
| style="" |m<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| style="" |n<br />
| style="" |ɲ<br />
| style="" |ŋ<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
|-<br />
! style="" |Plosive<br />
| style="" |p b<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| style="" |t d<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| style="" |k g<br />
| <br />
| <br />
|-<br />
! style="" |Fricative<br />
| style="" |ɸ<br />
| style="" |f v<br />
| style="" |θ ð<br />
| style="" |s v t͡s<br />
| style="" |ʃ ʒ<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| style="" |χ ʁ<br />
| style="" |h<br />
|-<br />
! style="" |Approximant<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| style="" |ɹ<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| style="" |j<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
|-<br />
! style="" |Flap or tap<br />
| <br />
| style="" |ⱱ<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
|-<br />
! style="" |Lateral fric.<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| style="" |ɬ<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
|-<br />
! style="" |Lateral app.<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| style="" |l<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
|}<br />
<br />
===Vowels===<br />
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 540px; text-align:center;"<br />
! style="width: 90px; "|<br />
! style="width: 90px; " |Front<br />
! style="width: 90px; " |Near-front<br />
! style="width: 90px; " |Central<br />
! style="width: 90px; " |Near-back<br />
! style="width: 90px; " |Back<br />
|-<br />
! style="" |Close<br />
| style="" |i<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| style="" |u<br />
|-<br />
! style="" |Near-close<br />
| <br />
| style="" |ɪ<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
|-<br />
! style="" |Close-mid<br />
| style="" |e<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| style="" |o<br />
|-<br />
! style="" |Mid<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| style="" |ə<br />
| <br />
| <br />
|-<br />
! style="" |Open-mid<br />
| style="" |ɛ œ<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
|-<br />
! style="" |Near-open<br />
| style="" |æ<br />
| <br />
| style="" |ɐ<br />
| <br />
| <br />
|-<br />
! style="" |Open<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
|}<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
===Phonotactics===<br />
<!-- Explain the consonant clusters and vowel clusters that are permissible for use in the language. For example, "st" is an allowed consonant cluster in English while onset "ng" isn't. --><br />
There are two types of consonant clusters allowed in the Níevzi language. These occurances are the ONLY time two cononants can be consecutive in the same syllable.<br />
<ul><br />
<li><b>xi</b> /ʃ/ - This cluster can only be used in the beginning of a syllable, but not a word.</li><br />
<li><b>zs</b> /t͡s/ - This cluster can be used anywhere in a word or syllable.</li><br />
</ul><br />
<br />
===Orthography===<br />
<!--Explain your conlang's alphabet. Use the International Phonetic Alphabet to describe the sounds of your language. If you are unsure on how to use IPA then visit: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet and read up. --><br />
<br />
<br />
{| {{Table/bluetable}} style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle"<br />
! style="text-align: center;"|'''Letters'''<br />
! style="text-align: center;"|'''Name'''<br />
! style="text-align: center;"|'''Pronunciation'''<br />
! style="text-align: center;"|'''Further informations'''<br />
|-<br />
|Ææ<br />
|al<br />
|/æ/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Aa<br />
|a<br />
|/a/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Ää<br />
|av<br />
|/ɔ/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Åå<br />
|å<br />
|/e/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Bb<br />
|bå<br />
|/b/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Çç<br />
|çå<br />
|/θ/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Ċċ<br />
|ċå<br />
|/ð/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Dd<br />
|då<br />
|/d/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Ee/Ęę<br />
|e<br />
|/ɛ/<br />
|ę is used '''only''' before an r. e is used for every other case<br />
|-<br />
|Ëë<br />
|íë<br />
|/œ/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Ėė<br />
|ë<br />
|/œ/<br />
|A very short "ë" sound. It is mainly used to separate two consecutive consonants<br />
|-<br />
|Ff<br />
|få<br />
|/f/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Gg<br />
|ga<br />
|/g/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Hh<br />
|ha<br />
|/h/<br />
|Exception: It will be pronounced like /χ/ (vl uvular fricative), when it an "a" follows it.<br />
|-<br />
|Ii<br />
|i<br />
|/i/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Íí<br />
|ía<br />
|/j/<br />
| Used *only* before a vowel to add a short "y" sound to it.<br />
|-<br />
|Îî<br />
|î<br />
|/aɪ/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Ʒʒ<br />
|ʒa<br />
|/ʒ/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Kk<br />
|ek<br />
|/k/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Mm<br />
|em<br />
|/m/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Nn<br />
|en<br />
|/n/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Oo<br />
|o<br />
|/o/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Øø<br />
|ío<br />
|/ɔɪ/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Pp<br />
|på<br />
|/p/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Rr<br />
|rå<br />
|/r/<br />
|Exception: When "r" is used at the beginning of a word or at the end of a syllable it is pronounced as /ʁ/<br />
|-<br />
|Tt<br />
|ta<br />
|/t/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Uu<br />
|u<br />
|/u/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Ùù<br />
|íù<br />
|/ə/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Vv<br />
|vå<br />
|/ⱱ/<br />
|Exception: It is pronounced like /v/ when it ends a word.<br />
|-<br />
|Ww<br />
|wå<br />
|/w/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Xx<br />
|ax<br />
|/k&#x361;s/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Yy<br />
|yv<br />
|/ɪ/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Zz<br />
|za<br />
|/z/<br />
| -<br />
|}<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
===Dialects===<br />
There are two main dialects: Vef and Lod. They were created after the Siryn Split, when the people who favored a strong, absolute dictatorship moved to present-day Sævíùs, /'sævjəs/, (literally means "powerful land") and the people who favored a limited monarchy moved to present-day Pęrsirùs, /pɛʁ'siʁəs/ (literally means "land of family"). Immediately after the separation, there were many wars between the new nations. However, after a horrible defeat, Sævíùs isolated themselves from all outside influence. As a result, a new dialect of Níevzi was born.<br />
:*'''Vef''' /'vɛf/ - Vef literally translates to "old", since this dialect was the original second-generation. A Níevzi class will be teaching this dialect as it is the one most accepted to be regular "Níevzi". Vef is spoken by a majority of the people in Pęrsirús.<br />
<br />
:*'''Lod''' /'lod/ - Lod literally translates to "new", since this dialect is newer than the original second-generation. This is spoken in Sæviús. The pronunciations of some letters are slightly different and there is an irregular group of verbs that have a different ending from the regular "ë".<br />
::::• æ → pronounced as /aɪ/<br />
::::• å → pronounced as /ɛ/<br />
::::• ë → pronounced as /ə/<br />
::::• r (if it ends a syllable/starts a word and is pronounced as /ʁ/) → pronounced as /l/<br />
::::• -o verb ending in place of "-ë" for the following verbs:<br />
::::::æzsirë → æzsiro (to connect (people))<br />
::::::zipæmë → zipæmo (to play)<br />
::::::æmë → æmo (to stay/remain)<br />
::::::elisnanë → elisnano (to buy)<br />
::::::polæzesë → polæzeso (to lie)<br />
::::::lîvnavë → lînavo (to eat)<br />
::::::nofelë → nofelo (to balance)<br />
::::::dåvíë → dåvío (to release)<br />
==Grammar==<br />
==Morphology==<br />
<!-- How do the words in your language look? How do you derive words from others? Do you have cases? Are verbs inflected? Do nouns differ from adjectives? Do adjectives differ from verbs? Etc. --><br />
<br />
<!-- Here are some example subcategories:<br />
<br />
Nouns<br />
Adjectives<br />
Verbs<br />
Adverbs<br />
Particles<br />
Derivational morphology<br />
<br />
--><br />
<br />
==Syntax==<br />
<br />
<!-- Example: Word order, qualifiers, determinatives, branching, etc. --><br />
===Word Order===<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|-<br />
| <big><center>'''KEY'''</center></big> || '''S''': Subject || '''Aji''': Inner Adjective*|| '''Ajo''': Outer Adjective* || '''Art''': Article || '''Do''': Direct Object || '''Io''': Indirect Object || '''Av''': Adverb <br />
|-<br />
| '''Va''': Action Verb || '''Vl''': Linking Verb || '''Vh''': Helping Verb || '''Pa''': Predicate Adj. || '''Pn''': Predicate Nominative || '''Pr''': Preposition || '''Op''': Object of Prep. || '''N''': Noun<br />
|}<br />
'''Basic Sentence''':<br /><br />
Va<br />
* Lîbëría. (She understands.)<br />
Va-S'Art<br />
* (ex)<br />
Va-S'Art Do Io<br />
* (example coming soon)<br />
Vl-S'Art Pa<br />
* Ċymëríi-tåzipam'lå zsema. (This toy is red.)<br />
Vl-S'Art Pn'Art<br />
* (ex)<br />
<br><br />
'''Helping Verbs''' (<small>Take off the "ë" or "o" verb ending for the action/linking verb. If the verb is one syllable and the helping verb starts with a consonant, change the ending to "ė".</small>):<br /><br />
Va'Vh<br />
* Æzes'gæçërù (I can speak.)<br />
Va'Vh-S'Art Do<br />
* lė'gæçiraz-tåʒen'zså råsir'å. (Words can move people.)<br />
Va'Vh-S'Art Do Io<br />
* rësvė'olërío-tåíolamęr'vå råzipam'vå såíalimęr'vå. (The boy has to give the toy to the girl.)<br />
Vl'Vh-S'Art Pa<br />
* Ċym'olëría sæva. (She has to be powerful.)<br />
Vl'Vh-S'Art Pn'Art<br />
* Ċym'gæçëríi-tånam'vå kølan'å. (The thing can be an animal.)<br />
<br><br />
'''Modifiers''':<br /><br />
<small>*There are two different kinds of adjectives in N&#237;evzi: Inner Adjectives and Outer Adjectives. Outer adjectives are usually physical character traits (i.e. hair color). They are obvious and everyone can agree on them. This type of adjective precedes the noun, but is connected to it as the same word. Inner adjectives focus more around personality. They are the traits that you have to look deeper to discover. This category also includes physical traits that are of opininon, like beauty. Inner adjectives are left as they are and is placed, as a new word, after the noun.</small><br /><br />
AjoN'Art Av Aji Av<br />
* (ex)<br />
* There can be as many inner and outer adjectives as wanted. The extra outers would continue to connect to the beginning of the noun. The extra inners would continue to be added at the end of the noun as a new word.<br />
* The first Adverb modifies the Outer Adjective, and the second Adverb modifies the Inner Adjective. This allows you to add multiple adjectives with multiple adverbs with having to use any other words, like "and". If there are more than one Outer Adjective, the adverbs would go in order from left to right, corresponding with the adjective placement. If there are more than Inner Adjective with Adverbs, it would just follow the pattern; "Aji Av Aji Av Aji Av Aji Av...", where the Adverb modifies the word that immediately precedes it.<br />
Av Va // Av Vl // Av Va'Vh // Av Vl'Vh<br />
* (ex)<br />
* When modifying a verb, the adverb immediately precedes it as a new word for each type of verb. When there are more than one adverb, just keep adding on adverbs at the beginning (Av Av Av Av Av Av Verb)<br />
<br><br><br />
'''Questions''':<br /><br />
S'Art Verb<br><br />
* Yv'polæzesëz? (Did you lie?)<br />
* Invert the placement of the verb and subject, and remove the "-". All of the modifiers keep the same rules for positioning (i.e. adverbs go directly before the verb). If there is no subject noun, the subject pronoun moves to the front of the verb, instead of being at the end. See the example above.<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Conlangs]]</div>Nicolellehttps://linguifex.com/w/index.php?title=N%C3%ADevzi&diff=7223Níevzi2013-05-19T20:59:48Z<p>Nicolelle: </p>
<hr />
<div><br />
<br />
{{private}}<br />
<br />
{{Infobox language<br />
|name = Nivian<br />
|nativename = Níevzi<br />
|pronunciation= /'ɲjevzi/<br />
|region = Lezsía<br />
|states = <br />
|nation = Persirus, Sævíus<br />
|speakers = 301,486<br />
|date = 2012<br />
|familycolor= lightgrey<br />
|family= Isolate<br />
|ancestor= Sirina<br />
|script= Latin<br />
|agency=<br />
|iso1= ni<br />
|iso2= niv<br />
|iso3= niv<br />
|notice=IPA<br />
}}<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
'''Nivian''' (Nivian: '''Níevzi''', /'ɲjevzi/) is an a priori language that was the second generation of Siryn languages. Its purpose is to express the complex thoughts of humans in a superior manner.<br />
<br />
<!-- <br />
<br />
This is a short reminder of the language format policy.<br />
<br />
I. Write a short piece stating your intents and purposes when creating the language (Design goal, inspiration, ideas, and so on).<br />
II. Write a short introduction to your language. (Who speaks it? When was it created? By whom? or what? are some example questions that can be answered here)<br />
III. Once done, try making sure everything is properly spelt so as to avoid unnecessary reader fatigue.<br />
<br />
--><br />
<br />
==Background==<br />
The first evidence of Níevzi is from a carved stone discovered in the Íuçol Forest in present-day Pęrsirùs from thousands of years ago, before the Sirina people separated. Experts believe that it belonged to Sirê Zesú's (the creator of the first generation of Sirina languages) grand-successor. It wasn't until about 100 years after the language was created that the Latin alphabet made its way to Siryn. The first generation was very simple and is still used in some parts of Lezsía, /'lɛt͡sja/, (the region consisting of Pęrsirùs and Sævíùs). <br />
<br />
<!-- Design goals, inspiration, ideas, who speaks it?, when was it created?, where does it come from?, any peculiarities? --><br />
<br />
<!-- Example categories/headings: <br />
<br />
Goals<br />
Setting<br />
Inspiration<br />
<br />
--><br />
<br />
<!-- ***Phonology*** --><br />
<!-- What sounds does your language use? --><br />
<!-- Here are some example sub-/other categories:<br />
<br />
Vowel inventory<br />
Consonant inventory<br />
Syllable structure<br />
Stress<br />
Intonation<br />
<br />
--><br />
==Phonology==<br />
<br />
===Consonants===<br />
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 660px; text-align:center;"<br />
! style="width: 68px; "|<br />
! style="width: 68px; " |Bilabial<br />
! style="width: 68px; " |Labio-dental<br />
! style="width: 68px; " |Dental<br />
! style="width: 68px; " |Alveolar<br />
! style="width: 68px; " |Post-alveolar<br />
! style="width: 68px; " |Retroflex<br />
! style="width: 68px; " |Palatal<br />
! style="width: 68px; " |Velar<br />
! style="width: 68px; " |Uvular<br />
! style="width: 68px; " |Glottal<br />
|-<br />
! style="" |Nasal<br />
| style="" |m<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| style="" |n<br />
| style="" |ɲ<br />
| style="" |ŋ<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
|-<br />
! style="" |Plosive<br />
| style="" |p b<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| style="" |t d<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| style="" |k g<br />
| <br />
| <br />
|-<br />
! style="" |Fricative<br />
| style="" |ɸ<br />
| style="" |f v<br />
| style="" |θ ð<br />
| style="" |s v t͡s<br />
| style="" |ʃ ʒ<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| style="" |χ ʁ<br />
| style="" |h<br />
|-<br />
! style="" |Approximant<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| style="" |ɹ<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| style="" |j<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
|-<br />
! style="" |Flap or tap<br />
| <br />
| style="" |ⱱ<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
|-<br />
! style="" |Lateral fric.<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| style="" |ɬ<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
|-<br />
! style="" |Lateral app.<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| style="" |l<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
|}<br />
<br />
===Vowels===<br />
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 540px; text-align:center;"<br />
! style="width: 90px; "|<br />
! style="width: 90px; " |Front<br />
! style="width: 90px; " |Near-front<br />
! style="width: 90px; " |Central<br />
! style="width: 90px; " |Near-back<br />
! style="width: 90px; " |Back<br />
|-<br />
! style="" |Close<br />
| style="" |i<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| style="" |u<br />
|-<br />
! style="" |Near-close<br />
| <br />
| style="" |ɪ<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
|-<br />
! style="" |Close-mid<br />
| style="" |e<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| style="" |o<br />
|-<br />
! style="" |Mid<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| style="" |ə<br />
| <br />
| <br />
|-<br />
! style="" |Open-mid<br />
| style="" |ɛ œ<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
|-<br />
! style="" |Near-open<br />
| style="" |æ<br />
| <br />
| style="" |ɐ<br />
| <br />
| <br />
|-<br />
! style="" |Open<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
|}<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
===Phonotactics===<br />
<!-- Explain the consonant clusters and vowel clusters that are permissible for use in the language. For example, "st" is an allowed consonant cluster in English while onset "ng" isn't. --><br />
There are two types of consonant clusters allowed in the Níevzi language. These occurances are the ONLY time two cononants can be consecutive in the same syllable.<br />
<ul><br />
<li><b>xi</b> /ʃ/ - This cluster can only be used in the beginning of a syllable, but not a word.</li><br />
<li><b>zs</b> /t͡s/ - This cluster can be used anywhere in a word or syllable.</li><br />
</ul><br />
<br />
===Orthography===<br />
<!--Explain your conlang's alphabet. Use the International Phonetic Alphabet to describe the sounds of your language. If you are unsure on how to use IPA then visit: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet and read up. --><br />
<br />
<br />
{| {{Table/bluetable}} style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle"<br />
! style="text-align: center;"|'''Letters'''<br />
! style="text-align: center;"|'''Name'''<br />
! style="text-align: center;"|'''Pronunciation'''<br />
! style="text-align: center;"|'''Further informations'''<br />
|-<br />
|Ææ<br />
|al<br />
|/æ/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Aa<br />
|a<br />
|/a/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Ää<br />
|av<br />
|/ɔ/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Åå<br />
|å<br />
|/e/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Bb<br />
|bå<br />
|/b/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Çç<br />
|çå<br />
|/θ/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Ċċ<br />
|ċå<br />
|/ð/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Dd<br />
|då<br />
|/d/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Ee/Ęę<br />
|e<br />
|/ɛ/<br />
|ę is used '''only''' before an r. e is used for every other case<br />
|-<br />
|Ëë<br />
|íë<br />
|/œ/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Ėė<br />
|ë<br />
|/œ/<br />
|A very short "ë" sound. It is mainly used to separate two consecutive consonants<br />
|-<br />
|Ff<br />
|få<br />
|/f/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Gg<br />
|ga<br />
|/g/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Hh<br />
|ha<br />
|/h/<br />
|Exception: It will be pronounced like /χ/ (vl uvular fricative), when it an "a" follows it.<br />
|-<br />
|Ii<br />
|i<br />
|/i/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Íí<br />
|ía<br />
|/j/<br />
| Used *only* before a vowel to add a short "y" sound to it.<br />
|-<br />
|Îî<br />
|î<br />
|/aɪ/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Ʒʒ<br />
|ʒa<br />
|/ʒ/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Kk<br />
|ek<br />
|/k/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Mm<br />
|em<br />
|/m/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Nn<br />
|en<br />
|/n/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Oo<br />
|o<br />
|/o/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Øø<br />
|ío<br />
|/ɔɪ/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Pp<br />
|på<br />
|/p/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Rr<br />
|rå<br />
|/r/<br />
|Exception: When "r" is used at the beginning of a word or at the end of a syllable it is pronounced as /ʁ/<br />
|-<br />
|Tt<br />
|ta<br />
|/t/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Uu<br />
|u<br />
|/u/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Ùù<br />
|íù<br />
|/ə/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Vv<br />
|vå<br />
|/ⱱ/<br />
|Exception: It is pronounced like /v/ when it ends a word.<br />
|-<br />
|Ww<br />
|wå<br />
|/w/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Xx<br />
|ax<br />
|/k&#x361;s/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Yy<br />
|yv<br />
|/ɪ/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Zz<br />
|za<br />
|/z/<br />
| -<br />
|}<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
===Dialects===<br />
There are two main dialects: Vef and Lod. They were created after the Siryn Split, when the people who favored a strong, absolute dictatorship moved to present-day Sævíùs, /'sævjəs/, (literally means "powerful land") and the people who favored a limited monarchy moved to present-day Pęrsirùs, /pɛʁ'siʁəs/ (literally means "land of family"). Immediately after the separation, there were many wars between the new nations. However, after a horrible defeat, Sævíùs isolated themselves from all outside influence. As a result, a new dialect of Níevzi was born.<br />
:*'''Vef''' /'vɛf/ - Vef literally translates to "old", since this dialect was the original second-generation. A Níevzi class will be teaching this dialect as it is the one most accepted to be regular "Níevzi". Vef is spoken by a majority of the people in Pęrsirús.<br />
<br />
:*'''Lod''' /'lod/ - Lod literally translates to "new", since this dialect is newer than the original second-generation. This is spoken in Sæviús. The pronunciations of some letters are slightly different and there is an irregular group of verbs that have a different ending from the regular "ë".<br />
::::• æ → pronounced as /aɪ/<br />
::::• å → pronounced as /ɛ/<br />
::::• ë → pronounced as /ə/<br />
::::• r (if it ends a syllable/starts a word and is pronounced as /ʁ/) → pronounced as /l/<br />
::::• -o verb ending in place of "-ë" for the following verbs:<br />
::::::æzsirë → æzsiro (to connect (people))<br />
::::::zipæmë → zipæmo (to play)<br />
::::::æmë → æmo (to stay/remain)<br />
::::::elisnanë → elisnano (to buy)<br />
::::::polæzesë → polæzeso (to lie)<br />
::::::lîvnavë → lînavo (to eat)<br />
::::::nofelë → nofelo (to balance)<br />
::::::dåvíë → dåvío (to release)<br />
==Grammar==<br />
==Morphology==<br />
<!-- How do the words in your language look? How do you derive words from others? Do you have cases? Are verbs inflected? Do nouns differ from adjectives? Do adjectives differ from verbs? Etc. --><br />
<br />
<!-- Here are some example subcategories:<br />
<br />
Nouns<br />
Adjectives<br />
Verbs<br />
Adverbs<br />
Particles<br />
Derivational morphology<br />
<br />
--><br />
<br />
==Syntax==<br />
<br />
<!-- Example: Word order, qualifiers, determinatives, branching, etc. --><br />
===Word Order===<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|-<br />
| <big><center>'''KEY'''</center></big> || '''S''': Subject || '''Aji''': Inner Adjective*|| '''Ajo''': Outer Adjective* || '''Art''': Article || '''Do''': Direct Object || '''Io''': Indirect Object || '''Av''': Adverb <br />
|-<br />
| '''Va''': Action Verb || '''Vl''': Linking Verb || '''Vh''': Helping Verb || '''Pa''': Predicate Adj. || '''Pn''': Predicate Nominative || '''Pr''': Preposition || '''Op''': Object of Prep. || '''N''': Noun<br />
|}<br />
'''Basic Sentence''':<br /><br />
Va<br />
* Lîbëría. (She understands.)<br />
Va-S'Art<br />
* (ex)<br />
Va-S'Art Do Io<br />
* (example coming soon)<br />
Vl-S'Art Pa<br />
* Ċymëríi-zipam'lå zsema. (This toy is red.)<br />
Vl-S'Art Pn'Art<br />
* (ex)<br />
<br><br />
'''Helping Verbs''' (<small>Take off the "ë" or "o" verb ending for the action/linking verb. If the verb is one syllable and the helping verb starts with a consonant, change the ending to "ė".</small>):<br /><br />
Va'Vh<br />
* Æzes'gæçërù (I can speak.)<br />
Va'Vh-S'Art Do<br />
* lė'gæçiraz-ʒen'zså sir'å. (Words can move people.)<br />
Va'Vh-S'Art Do Io<br />
* (ex)<br />
Vl'Vh-S'Art Pa<br />
* Ċym'olëría sæva. (She has to be powerful.)<br />
Vl'Vh-S'Art Pn'Art<br />
* (ex)<br />
<br><br />
'''Modifiers''':<br /><br />
<small>*There are two different kinds of adjectives in N&#237;evzi: Inner Adjectives and Outer Adjectives. Outer adjectives are usually physical character traits (i.e. hair color). They are obvious and everyone can agree on them. This type of adjective precedes the noun, but is connected to it as the same word. Inner adjectives focus more around personality. They are the traits that you have to look deeper to discover. This category also includes physical traits that are of opininon, like beauty. Inner adjectives are left as they are and is placed, as a new word, after the noun.</small><br /><br />
AjoN'Art Av Aji Av<br />
* (ex)<br />
* There can be as many inner and outer adjectives as wanted. The extra outers would continue to connect to the beginning of the noun. The extra inners would continue to be added at the end of the noun as a new word.<br />
* The first Adverb modifies the Outer Adjective, and the second Adverb modifies the Inner Adjective. This allows you to add multiple adjectives with multiple adverbs with having to use any other words, like "and". If there are more than one Outer Adjective, the adverbs would go in order from left to right, corresponding with the adjective placement. If there are more than Inner Adjective with Adverbs, it would just follow the pattern; "Aji Av Aji Av Aji Av Aji Av...", where the Adverb modifies the word that immediately precedes it.<br />
Av Va // Av Vl // Av Va'Vh // Av Vl'Vh<br />
* (ex)<br />
* When modifying a verb, the adverb immediately precedes it as a new word for each type of verb. When there are more than one adverb, just keep adding on adverbs at the beginning (Av Av Av Av Av Av Verb)<br />
<br><br><br />
'''Questions''':<br /><br />
S'Art Verb<br><br />
* Yv'polæzesëz? (Did you lie?)<br />
* Invert the placement of the verb and subject, and remove the "-". All of the modifiers keep the same rules for positioning (i.e. adverbs go directly before the verb). If there is no subject noun, the subject pronoun moves to the front of the verb, instead of being at the end. See the example above.<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Conlangs]]</div>Nicolellehttps://linguifex.com/w/index.php?title=N%C3%ADevzi&diff=7181Níevzi2013-05-18T18:19:32Z<p>Nicolelle: </p>
<hr />
<div><br />
<br />
{{private}}<br />
<br />
{{Infobox language<br />
|name = Nivian<br />
|nativename = Níevzi<br />
|pronunciation= /'ɲjevzi/<br />
|region = Lezsía<br />
|states = <br />
|nation = Persirus, Sævíus<br />
|speakers = 301,486<br />
|date = 2012<br />
|familycolor= lightgrey<br />
|family= Isolate<br />
|ancestor= Sirina<br />
|script= Latin<br />
|agency=<br />
|iso1= ni<br />
|iso2= niv<br />
|iso3= niv<br />
|notice=IPA<br />
}}<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
'''Nivian''' (Nivian: '''Níevzi''', /'ɲevzi/) is an a priori language that was the second generation of Siryn languages. Its purpose is to express the complex thoughts of humans in a superior manner.<br />
<br />
<!-- <br />
<br />
This is a short reminder of the language format policy.<br />
<br />
I. Write a short piece stating your intents and purposes when creating the language (Design goal, inspiration, ideas, and so on).<br />
II. Write a short introduction to your language. (Who speaks it? When was it created? By whom? or what? are some example questions that can be answered here)<br />
III. Once done, try making sure everything is properly spelt so as to avoid unnecessary reader fatigue.<br />
<br />
--><br />
<br />
==Background==<br />
The first evidence of Níevzi is from a carved stone discovered in the Íuçol Forest in present-day Pęrsirùs from thousands of years ago, before the Sirina people separated. Experts believe that it belonged to Sirê Zesú's (the creator of the first generation of Sirina languages) grand-successor. It wasn't until about 100 years after the language was created that the Latin alphabet made its way to Siryn. The first generation was very simple and is still used in some parts of Lezsía, /'lɛt͡sja/, (the region consisting of Pęrsirùs and Sævíùs). <br />
<br />
<!-- Design goals, inspiration, ideas, who speaks it?, when was it created?, where does it come from?, any peculiarities? --><br />
<br />
<!-- Example categories/headings: <br />
<br />
Goals<br />
Setting<br />
Inspiration<br />
<br />
--><br />
<br />
<!-- ***Phonology*** --><br />
<!-- What sounds does your language use? --><br />
<!-- Here are some example sub-/other categories:<br />
<br />
Vowel inventory<br />
Consonant inventory<br />
Syllable structure<br />
Stress<br />
Intonation<br />
<br />
--><br />
==Phonology==<br />
<br />
===Consonants===<br />
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 660px; text-align:center;"<br />
! style="width: 68px; "|<br />
! style="width: 68px; " |Bilabial<br />
! style="width: 68px; " |Labio-dental<br />
! style="width: 68px; " |Dental<br />
! style="width: 68px; " |Alveolar<br />
! style="width: 68px; " |Post-alveolar<br />
! style="width: 68px; " |Retroflex<br />
! style="width: 68px; " |Palatal<br />
! style="width: 68px; " |Velar<br />
! style="width: 68px; " |Uvular<br />
! style="width: 68px; " |Glottal<br />
|-<br />
! style="" |Nasal<br />
| style="" |m<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| style="" |n<br />
| style="" |ɲ<br />
| style="" |ŋ<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
|-<br />
! style="" |Plosive<br />
| style="" |p b<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| style="" |t d<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| style="" |k g<br />
| <br />
| <br />
|-<br />
! style="" |Fricative<br />
| style="" |ɸ<br />
| style="" |f v<br />
| style="" |θ ð<br />
| style="" |s v t͡s<br />
| style="" |ʃ ʒ<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| style="" |χ ʁ<br />
| style="" |h<br />
|-<br />
! style="" |Approximant<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| style="" |ɹ<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| style="" |j<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
|-<br />
! style="" |Flap or tap<br />
| <br />
| style="" |ⱱ<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
|-<br />
! style="" |Lateral fric.<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| style="" |ɬ<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
|-<br />
! style="" |Lateral app.<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| style="" |l<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
|}<br />
<br />
===Vowels===<br />
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 540px; text-align:center;"<br />
! style="width: 90px; "|<br />
! style="width: 90px; " |Front<br />
! style="width: 90px; " |Near-front<br />
! style="width: 90px; " |Central<br />
! style="width: 90px; " |Near-back<br />
! style="width: 90px; " |Back<br />
|-<br />
! style="" |Close<br />
| style="" |i<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| style="" |u<br />
|-<br />
! style="" |Near-close<br />
| <br />
| style="" |ɪ<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
|-<br />
! style="" |Close-mid<br />
| style="" |e<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| style="" |o<br />
|-<br />
! style="" |Mid<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| style="" |ə<br />
| <br />
| <br />
|-<br />
! style="" |Open-mid<br />
| style="" |ɛ œ<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
|-<br />
! style="" |Near-open<br />
| style="" |æ<br />
| <br />
| style="" |ɐ<br />
| <br />
| <br />
|-<br />
! style="" |Open<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
|}<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
===Phonotactics===<br />
<!-- Explain the consonant clusters and vowel clusters that are permissible for use in the language. For example, "st" is an allowed consonant cluster in English while onset "ng" isn't. --><br />
There are two types of consonant clusters allowed in the Níevzi language. These occurances are the ONLY time two cononants can be consecutive in the same syllable.<br />
<ul><br />
<li><b>xi</b> /ʃ/ - This cluster can only be used in the beginning of a syllable, but not a word.</li><br />
<li><b>zs</b> /t͡s/ - This cluster can be used anywhere in a word or syllable.</li><br />
</ul><br />
<br />
===Orthography===<br />
<!--Explain your conlang's alphabet. Use the International Phonetic Alphabet to describe the sounds of your language. If you are unsure on how to use IPA then visit: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet and read up. --><br />
<br />
<br />
{| {{Table/bluetable}} style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle"<br />
! style="text-align: center;"|'''Letters'''<br />
! style="text-align: center;"|'''Name'''<br />
! style="text-align: center;"|'''Pronunciation'''<br />
! style="text-align: center;"|'''Further informations'''<br />
|-<br />
|Ææ<br />
|al<br />
|/æ/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Aa<br />
|a<br />
|/a/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Ää<br />
|av<br />
|/ɔ/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Åå<br />
|å<br />
|/e/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Bb<br />
|bå<br />
|/b/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Çç<br />
|çå<br />
|/θ/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Ċċ<br />
|ċå<br />
|/ð/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Dd<br />
|då<br />
|/d/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Ee/Ęę<br />
|e<br />
|/ɛ/<br />
|ę is used '''only''' before an r. e is used for every other case<br />
|-<br />
|Ëë<br />
|íë<br />
|/œ/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Ėė<br />
|ë<br />
|/œ/<br />
|A very short "ë" sound. It is mainly used to separate two consecutive consonants<br />
|-<br />
|Ff<br />
|få<br />
|/f/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Gg<br />
|ga<br />
|/g/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Hh<br />
|ha<br />
|/h/<br />
|Exception: It will be pronounced like /χ/ (vl uvular fricative), when it an "a" follows it.<br />
|-<br />
|Ii<br />
|i<br />
|/i/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Íí<br />
|ía<br />
|/j/<br />
| Used *only* before a vowel to add a short "y" sound to it.<br />
|-<br />
|Îî<br />
|î<br />
|/aɪ/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Ʒʒ<br />
|ʒa<br />
|/ʒ/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Kk<br />
|ek<br />
|/k/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Mm<br />
|em<br />
|/m/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Nn<br />
|en<br />
|/n/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Oo<br />
|o<br />
|/o/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Øø<br />
|ío<br />
|/ɔɪ/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Pp<br />
|på<br />
|/p/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Rr<br />
|rå<br />
|/r/<br />
|Exception: When "r" is used at the beginning of a word or at the end of a syllable it is pronounced as /ʁ/<br />
|-<br />
|Tt<br />
|ta<br />
|/t/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Uu<br />
|u<br />
|/u/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Ùù<br />
|íù<br />
|/ə/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Vv<br />
|vå<br />
|/ⱱ/<br />
|Exception: It is pronounced like /v/ when it ends a word.<br />
|-<br />
|Ww<br />
|wå<br />
|/w/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Xx<br />
|ax<br />
|/k&#x361;s/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Yy<br />
|yv<br />
|/ɪ/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Zz<br />
|za<br />
|/z/<br />
| -<br />
|}<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
===Dialects===<br />
There are two main dialects: Vef and Lod. They were created after the Siryn Split, when the people who favored a strong, absolute dictatorship moved to present-day Sævíùs, /'sævjəs/, (literally means "powerful land") and the people who favored a limited monarchy moved to present-day Pęrsirùs, /pɛʁ'siʁəs/ (literally means "land of family"). Immediately after the separation, there were many wars between the new nations. However, after a horrible defeat, Sævíùs isolated themselves from all outside influence. As a result, a new dialect of Níevzi was born.<br />
:*'''Vef''' /'vɛf/ - Vef literally translates to "old", since this dialect was the original second-generation. A Níevzi class will be teaching this dialect as it is the one most accepted to be regular "Níevzi". Vef is spoken by a majority of the people in Pęrsirús.<br />
<br />
:*'''Lod''' /'lod/ - Lod literally translates to "new", since this dialect is newer than the original second-generation. This is spoken in Sæviús. The pronunciations of some letters are slightly different and there is an irregular group of verbs that have a different ending from the regular "ë".<br />
::::• æ → pronounced as /aɪ/<br />
::::• å → pronounced as /ɛ/<br />
::::• ë → pronounced as /ə/<br />
::::• r (if it ends a syllable/starts a word and is pronounced as /ʁ/) → pronounced as /l/<br />
::::• -o verb ending in place of "-ë" for the following verbs:<br />
::::::æzsirë → æzsiro (to connect (people))<br />
::::::zipæmë → zipæmo (to play)<br />
::::::æmë → æmo (to stay/remain)<br />
::::::elisnanë → elisnano (to buy)<br />
::::::polæzesë → polæzeso (to lie)<br />
::::::lîvnavë → lînavo (to eat)<br />
::::::nofelë → nofelo (to balance)<br />
::::::dåvíë → dåvío (to release)<br />
==Grammar==<br />
==Morphology==<br />
<!-- How do the words in your language look? How do you derive words from others? Do you have cases? Are verbs inflected? Do nouns differ from adjectives? Do adjectives differ from verbs? Etc. --><br />
<br />
<!-- Here are some example subcategories:<br />
<br />
Nouns<br />
Adjectives<br />
Verbs<br />
Adverbs<br />
Particles<br />
Derivational morphology<br />
<br />
--><br />
<br />
==Syntax==<br />
<br />
<!-- Example: Word order, qualifiers, determinatives, branching, etc. --><br />
===Word Order===<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|-<br />
| <big><center>'''KEY'''</center></big> || '''S''': Subject || '''Aji''': Inner Adjective*|| '''Ajo''': Outer Adjective* || '''Art''': Article || '''Do''': Direct Object || '''Io''': Indirect Object || '''Av''': Adverb <br />
|-<br />
| '''Va''': Action Verb || '''Vl''': Linking Verb || '''Vh''': Helping Verb || '''Pa''': Predicate Adj. || '''Pn''': Predicate Nominative || '''Pr''': Preposition || '''Op''': Object of Prep. || '''N''': Noun<br />
|}<br />
'''Basic Sentence''':<br /><br />
Va<br />
* Lîbëría. (She understands.)<br />
Va-S'Art<br />
* (ex)<br />
Va-S'Art Do Io<br />
* (example coming soon)<br />
Vl-S'Art Pa<br />
* Ċymëríi-zipam'lå zsema. (This toy is red.)<br />
Vl-S'Art Pn'Art<br />
* (ex)<br />
<br><br />
'''Helping Verbs''' (<small>Take off the "ë" or "o" verb ending for the action/linking verb. If the verb is one syllable and the helping verb starts with a consonant, change the ending to "ė".</small>):<br /><br />
Va'Vh<br />
* Æzes'gæçërù (I can speak.)<br />
Va'Vh-S'Art Do<br />
* lė'gæçiraz-ʒen'zså sir'å. (Words can move people.)<br />
Va'Vh-S'Art Do Io<br />
* (ex)<br />
Vl'Vh-S'Art Pa<br />
* Ċym'olëría sæva. (She has to be powerful.)<br />
Vl'Vh-S'Art Pn'Art<br />
* (ex)<br />
<br><br />
'''Modifiers''':<br /><br />
<small>*There are two different kinds of adjectives in N&#237;evzi: Inner Adjectives and Outer Adjectives. Outer adjectives are usually physical character traits (i.e. hair color). They are obvious and everyone can agree on them. This type of adjective precedes the noun, but is connected to it as the same word. Inner adjectives focus more around personality. They are the traits that you have to look deeper to discover. This category also includes physical traits that are of opininon, like beauty. Inner adjectives are left as they are and is placed, as a new word, after the noun.</small><br /><br />
AjoN'Art Av Aji Av<br />
* (ex)<br />
* There can be as many inner and outer adjectives as wanted. The extra outers would continue to connect to the beginning of the noun. The extra inners would continue to be added at the end of the noun as a new word.<br />
* The first Adverb modifies the Outer Adjective, and the second Adverb modifies the Inner Adjective. This allows you to add multiple adjectives with multiple adverbs with having to use any other words, like "and". If there are more than one Outer Adjective, the adverbs would go in order from left to right, corresponding with the adjective placement. If there are more than Inner Adjective with Adverbs, it would just follow the pattern; "Aji Av Aji Av Aji Av Aji Av...", where the Adverb modifies the word that immediately precedes it.<br />
Av Va // Av Vl // Av Va'Vh // Av Vl'Vh<br />
* (ex)<br />
* When modifying a verb, the adverb immediately precedes it as a new word for each type of verb. When there are more than one adverb, just keep adding on adverbs at the beginning (Av Av Av Av Av Av Verb)<br />
<br><br><br />
'''Questions''':<br /><br />
S'Art Verb<br><br />
* Yv'polæzesëz? (Did you lie?)<br />
* Invert the placement of the verb and subject, and remove the "-". All of the modifiers keep the same rules for positioning (i.e. adverbs go directly before the verb). If there is no subject noun, the subject pronoun moves to the front of the verb, instead of being at the end. See the example above.<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Conlangs]]</div>Nicolellehttps://linguifex.com/w/index.php?title=N%C3%ADevzi&diff=7180Níevzi2013-05-18T18:16:23Z<p>Nicolelle: </p>
<hr />
<div><br />
<br />
{{private}}<br />
<br />
{{Infobox language<br />
|name = Nivian<br />
|nativename = Níevzi<br />
|pronunciation= /'ɲjevzi/<br />
|region = Lezsía<br />
|states = <br />
|nation = Persirus, Sævíus<br />
|speakers = 301,486<br />
|date = 2012<br />
|familycolor= lightgrey<br />
|family= Isolate<br />
|ancestor= Sirina<br />
|script= Latin<br />
|agency=<br />
|iso1= ni<br />
|iso2= niv<br />
|iso3= niv<br />
|notice=IPA<br />
}}<br />
<br />
<br />
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<br />
<br />
'''Nivian''' (Nivian: '''Níevzi''', /'ɲevzi/) is an a priori language that was the second generation of Siryn languages. Its purpose is to express the complex thoughts of humans in a superior manner.<br />
<br />
<!-- <br />
<br />
This is a short reminder of the language format policy.<br />
<br />
I. Write a short piece stating your intents and purposes when creating the language (Design goal, inspiration, ideas, and so on).<br />
II. Write a short introduction to your language. (Who speaks it? When was it created? By whom? or what? are some example questions that can be answered here)<br />
III. Once done, try making sure everything is properly spelt so as to avoid unnecessary reader fatigue.<br />
<br />
--><br />
<br />
==Background==<br />
The first evidence of Níevzi is from a carved stone discovered in the Íuçol Forest in present-day Pęrsirùs from thousands of years ago, before the Sirina people separated. Experts believe that it belonged to Sirê Zesú's (the creator of the first generation of Sirina languages) grand-successor. It wasn't until about 100 years after the language was created that the Latin alphabet made its way to Siryn. The first generation was very simple and is still used in some parts of Lezsía, /'lɛt͡sja/, (the region consisting of Pęrsirùs and Sævíùs). <br />
<br />
<!-- Design goals, inspiration, ideas, who speaks it?, when was it created?, where does it come from?, any peculiarities? --><br />
<br />
<!-- Example categories/headings: <br />
<br />
Goals<br />
Setting<br />
Inspiration<br />
<br />
--><br />
<br />
<!-- ***Phonology*** --><br />
<!-- What sounds does your language use? --><br />
<!-- Here are some example sub-/other categories:<br />
<br />
Vowel inventory<br />
Consonant inventory<br />
Syllable structure<br />
Stress<br />
Intonation<br />
<br />
--><br />
==Phonology==<br />
<br />
===Consonants===<br />
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 660px; text-align:center;"<br />
! style="width: 68px; "|<br />
! style="width: 68px; " |Bilabial<br />
! style="width: 68px; " |Labio-dental<br />
! style="width: 68px; " |Dental<br />
! style="width: 68px; " |Alveolar<br />
! style="width: 68px; " |Post-alveolar<br />
! style="width: 68px; " |Retroflex<br />
! style="width: 68px; " |Palatal<br />
! style="width: 68px; " |Velar<br />
! style="width: 68px; " |Uvular<br />
! style="width: 68px; " |Glottal<br />
|-<br />
! style="" |Nasal<br />
| style="" |m<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| style="" |n<br />
| style="" |ɲ<br />
| style="" |ŋ<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
|-<br />
! style="" |Plosive<br />
| style="" |p b<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| style="" |t d<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| style="" |k g<br />
| <br />
| <br />
|-<br />
! style="" |Fricative<br />
| style="" |ɸ<br />
| style="" |f v<br />
| style="" |θ ð<br />
| style="" |s v t͡s<br />
| style="" |ʃ ʒ<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| style="" |χ ʁ<br />
| style="" |h<br />
|-<br />
! style="" |Approximant<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| style="" |ɹ<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| style="" |j<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
|-<br />
! style="" |Flap or tap<br />
| <br />
| style="" |ⱱ<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
|-<br />
! style="" |Lateral fric.<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| style="" |ɬ<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
|-<br />
! style="" |Lateral app.<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| style="" |l<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
|}<br />
<br />
===Vowels===<br />
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 540px; text-align:center;"<br />
! style="width: 90px; "|<br />
! style="width: 90px; " |Front<br />
! style="width: 90px; " |Near-front<br />
! style="width: 90px; " |Central<br />
! style="width: 90px; " |Near-back<br />
! style="width: 90px; " |Back<br />
|-<br />
! style="" |Close<br />
| style="" |i<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| style="" |u<br />
|-<br />
! style="" |Near-close<br />
| <br />
| style="" |ɪ<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
|-<br />
! style="" |Close-mid<br />
| style="" |e<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| style="" |o<br />
|-<br />
! style="" |Mid<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| style="" |ə<br />
| <br />
| <br />
|-<br />
! style="" |Open-mid<br />
| style="" |ɛ œ<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
|-<br />
! style="" |Near-open<br />
| style="" |æ<br />
| <br />
| style="" |ɐ<br />
| <br />
| <br />
|-<br />
! style="" |Open<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
|}<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
===Phonotactics===<br />
<!-- Explain the consonant clusters and vowel clusters that are permissible for use in the language. For example, "st" is an allowed consonant cluster in English while onset "ng" isn't. --><br />
There are two types of consonant clusters allowed in the Níevzi language. These occurances are the ONLY time two cononants can be consecutive in the same syllable.<br />
<ul><br />
<li><b>xi</b> /ʃ/ - This cluster can only be used in the beginning of a syllable, but not a word.</li><br />
<li><b>zs</b> /t͡s/ - This cluster can be used anywhere in a word or syllable.</li><br />
</ul><br />
<br />
===Orthography===<br />
<!--Explain your conlang's alphabet. Use the International Phonetic Alphabet to describe the sounds of your language. If you are unsure on how to use IPA then visit: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet and read up. --><br />
<br />
<br />
{| {{Table/bluetable}} style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle"<br />
! style="text-align: center;"|'''Letters'''<br />
! style="text-align: center;"|'''Name'''<br />
! style="text-align: center;"|'''Pronunciation'''<br />
! style="text-align: center;"|'''Further informations'''<br />
|-<br />
|Ææ<br />
|al<br />
|/æ/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Aa<br />
|a<br />
|/a/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Ää<br />
|av<br />
|/ɔ/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Åå<br />
|å<br />
|/e/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Bb<br />
|bå<br />
|/b/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Çç<br />
|çå<br />
|/θ/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Ċċ<br />
|ċå<br />
|/ð/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Dd<br />
|då<br />
|/d/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Ee/Ęę<br />
|e<br />
|/ɛ/<br />
|ę is used '''only''' before an r. e is used for every other case<br />
|-<br />
|Ëë<br />
|íë<br />
|/œ/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Ėė<br />
|ë<br />
|/œ/<br />
|A very short "ë" sound. It is mainly used to separate two consecutive consonants<br />
|-<br />
|Ff<br />
|få<br />
|/f/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Gg<br />
|ga<br />
|/g/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Hh<br />
|ha<br />
|/h/<br />
|Exception: It will be pronounced like /χ/ (vl uvular fricative), when it an "a" follows it.<br />
|-<br />
|Ii<br />
|i<br />
|/i/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Íí<br />
|ía<br />
|/j/<br />
| Used *only* before a vowel to add a short "y" sound to it.<br />
|-<br />
|Îî<br />
|î<br />
|/aɪ/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Ʒʒ<br />
|ʒa<br />
|/ʒ/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Kk<br />
|ek<br />
|/k/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Mm<br />
|em<br />
|/m/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Nn<br />
|en<br />
|/n/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Oo<br />
|o<br />
|/o/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Øø<br />
|ío<br />
|/ɔɪ/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Pp<br />
|på<br />
|/p/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Rr<br />
|rå<br />
|/r/<br />
|Exception: When "r" is used at the beginning of a word or at the end of a syllable it is pronounced as /ʁ/<br />
|-<br />
|Tt<br />
|ta<br />
|/t/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Uu<br />
|u<br />
|/u/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Ùù<br />
|íù<br />
|/ə/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Vv<br />
|vå<br />
|/ⱱ/<br />
|Exception: It is pronounced like /v/ when it ends a word.<br />
|-<br />
|Ww<br />
|wå<br />
|/w/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Xx<br />
|ax<br />
|/k&#x361;s/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Yy<br />
|yv<br />
|/ɪ/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Zz<br />
|za<br />
|/z/<br />
| -<br />
|}<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
===Dialects===<br />
There are two main dialects: Vef and Lod. They were created after the Siryn Split, when the people who favored a strong, absolute dictatorship moved to present-day Sævíùs, /'sævjəs/, (literally means "powerful land") and the people who favored a limited monarchy moved to present-day Pęrsirùs, /pɛʁ'siʁəs/ (literally means "land of family"). Immediately after the separation, there were many wars between the new nations. However, after a horrible defeat, Sævíùs isolated themselves from all outside influence. As a result, a new dialect of Níevzi was born.<br />
:*'''Vef''' /'vɛf/ - Vef literally translates to "old", since this dialect was the original second-generation. A Níevzi class will be teaching this dialect as it is the one most accepted to be regular "Níevzi". Vef is spoken by a majority of the people in Pęrsirús.<br />
<br />
:*'''Lod''' /'lod/ - Lod literally translates to "new", since this dialect is newer than the original second-generation. This is spoken in Sæviús. The pronunciations of some letters are slightly different and there is an irregular group of verbs that have a different ending from the regular "ë".<br />
::::• æ → pronounced as /aɪ/<br />
::::• å → pronounced as /ɛ/<br />
::::• ë → pronounced as /ə/<br />
::::• r (if it ends a syllable/starts a word and is pronounced as /ʁ/) → pronounced as /l/<br />
::::• -o verb ending in place of "-ë" for the following verbs:<br />
::::::æzsirë → æzsiro (to connect (people))<br />
::::::zipæmë → zipæmo (to play)<br />
::::::æmë → æmo (to stay/remain)<br />
::::::elisnanë → elisnano (to buy)<br />
::::::polæzesë → polæzeso (to lie)<br />
::::::lîvnavë → lînavo (to eat)<br />
::::::nofelë → nofelo (to balance)<br />
::::::dåvíë → dåvío (to release)<br />
==Grammar==<br />
==Morphology==<br />
<!-- How do the words in your language look? How do you derive words from others? Do you have cases? Are verbs inflected? Do nouns differ from adjectives? Do adjectives differ from verbs? Etc. --><br />
<br />
<!-- Here are some example subcategories:<br />
<br />
Nouns<br />
Adjectives<br />
Verbs<br />
Adverbs<br />
Particles<br />
Derivational morphology<br />
<br />
--><br />
<br />
==Syntax==<br />
<br />
<!-- Example: Word order, qualifiers, determinatives, branching, etc. --><br />
===Word Order===<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|-<br />
| <big><center>'''KEY'''</center></big> || '''S''': Subject || '''Aji''': Inner Adjective*|| '''Ajo''': Outer Adjective* || '''Art''': Article || '''Do''': Direct Object || '''Io''': Indirect Object || '''Av''': Adverb <br />
|-<br />
| '''Va''': Action Verb || '''Vl''': Linking Verb || '''Vh''': Helping Verb || '''Pa''': Predicate Adj. || '''Pn''': Predicate Nominative || '''Pr''': Preposition || '''Op''': Object of Prep. || '''N''': Noun<br />
|}<br />
'''Basic Sentence''':<br /><br />
Va<br />
* Lîbëría. (She understands.)<br />
Va-S'Art<br />
* (ex)<br />
Va-S'Art Do Io<br />
* (example coming soon)<br />
Vl-S'Art Pa<br />
* Ċymëríi-zipam'lå zsema. (This toy is red.)<br />
Vl-S'Art Pn'Art<br />
* (ex)<br />
<br><br />
'''Helping Verbs''' (<small>Take off the "ë" or "o" verb ending for the action/linking verb. If the verb is one syllable and the helping verb starts with a consonant, change the ending to "ė".</small>):<br /><br />
Va'Vh<br />
* Æzes'gæçërù (I can speak.)<br />
Va'Vh-S'Art Do<br />
* lė'gæçiraz-ʒen'zså sir'å. (Words can move people.)<br />
Va'Vh-S'Art Do Io<br />
* (ex)<br />
Vl'Vh-S'Art Pa<br />
* Ċym'olëría sæva. (She has to be powerful.)<br />
Vl'Vh-S'Art Pn'Art<br />
* (ex)<br />
<br><br />
'''Modifiers''':<br /><br />
<small>*There are two different kinds of adjectives in N&#237;evzi: Inner Adjectives and Outer Adjectives. Outer adjectives are usually physical character traits (i.e. hair color). They are obvious and everyone can agree on them. This type of adjective precedes the noun, but is connected to it as the same word. Inner adjectives focus more around personality. They are the traits that you have to look deeper to discover. This category also includes physical traits that are of opininon, like beauty. Inner adjectives are left as they are and is placed, as a new word, after the noun.</small><br /><br />
AjoN'Art Av Aji Av<br />
* (ex)<br />
* There can be as many inner and outer adjectives as wanted. The extra outers would continue to connect to the beginning of the noun. The extra inners would continue to be added at the end of the noun as a new word.<br />
* The first Adverb modifies the Outer Adjective, and the second Adverb modifies the Inner Adjective. This allows you to add multiple adjectives with multiple adverbs with having to use any other words, like "and". If there are more than one Outer Adjective, the adverbs would go in order from left to right, corresponding with the adjective placement. If there are more than Inner Adjective with Adverbs, it would just follow the pattern; "Aji Av Aji Av Aji Av Aji Av...", where the Adverb modifies the word that immediately precedes it.<br />
Av Va // Av Vl // Av Va'Vh // Av Vl'Vh<br />
* (ex)<br />
* When modifying a verb, the adverb immediately precedes it as a new word for each type of verb. When there are more than one adverb, just keep adding on adverbs at the beginning (Av Av Av Av Av Av Verb)<br />
<br><br><br />
'''Questions''':<br /><br />
S'Art Verb<br><br />
* Yv'polæzesëzyv? (Did you lie?)<br />
* Invert the placement of the verb and subject, and remove the "-". All of the modifiers keep the same rules for positioning (i.e. adverbs go directly before the verb). If there is no subject noun, the subject pronoun goes in two places: before and after the verb. It is sometimes shortened to just have the pronoun after the verb, although, that is informal. See the example above.<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Conlangs]]</div>Nicolellehttps://linguifex.com/w/index.php?title=N%C3%ADevzi&diff=7179Níevzi2013-05-18T17:33:13Z<p>Nicolelle: </p>
<hr />
<div><br />
<br />
{{private}}<br />
<br />
{{Infobox language<br />
|name = Nivian<br />
|nativename = Níevzi<br />
|pronunciation= /'ɲjevzi/<br />
|region = Lezsía<br />
|states = <br />
|nation = Persirus, Sævíus<br />
|speakers = 301,486<br />
|date = 2012<br />
|familycolor= lightgrey<br />
|family= Isolate<br />
|ancestor= Sirina<br />
|script= Latin<br />
|agency=<br />
|iso1= ni<br />
|iso2= niv<br />
|iso3= niv<br />
|notice=IPA<br />
}}<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
'''Nivian''' (Nivian: '''Níevzi''', /'ɲevzi/) is an a priori language that was the second generation of Siryn languages. Its purpose is to express the complex thoughts of humans in a superior manner.<br />
<br />
<!-- <br />
<br />
This is a short reminder of the language format policy.<br />
<br />
I. Write a short piece stating your intents and purposes when creating the language (Design goal, inspiration, ideas, and so on).<br />
II. Write a short introduction to your language. (Who speaks it? When was it created? By whom? or what? are some example questions that can be answered here)<br />
III. Once done, try making sure everything is properly spelt so as to avoid unnecessary reader fatigue.<br />
<br />
--><br />
<br />
==Background==<br />
The first evidence of Níevzi is from a carved stone discovered in the Íuçol Forest in present-day Pęrsirùs from thousands of years ago, before the Sirina people separated. Experts believe that it belonged to Sirê Zesú's (the creator of the first generation of Sirina languages) grand-successor. It wasn't until about 100 years after the language was created that the Latin alphabet made its way to Siryn. The first generation was very simple and is still used in some parts of Lezsía, /'lɛt͡sja/, (the region consisting of Pęrsirùs and Sævíùs). <br />
<br />
<!-- Design goals, inspiration, ideas, who speaks it?, when was it created?, where does it come from?, any peculiarities? --><br />
<br />
<!-- Example categories/headings: <br />
<br />
Goals<br />
Setting<br />
Inspiration<br />
<br />
--><br />
<br />
<!-- ***Phonology*** --><br />
<!-- What sounds does your language use? --><br />
<!-- Here are some example sub-/other categories:<br />
<br />
Vowel inventory<br />
Consonant inventory<br />
Syllable structure<br />
Stress<br />
Intonation<br />
<br />
--><br />
==Phonology==<br />
<br />
===Consonants===<br />
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 660px; text-align:center;"<br />
! style="width: 68px; "|<br />
! style="width: 68px; " |Bilabial<br />
! style="width: 68px; " |Labio-dental<br />
! style="width: 68px; " |Dental<br />
! style="width: 68px; " |Alveolar<br />
! style="width: 68px; " |Post-alveolar<br />
! style="width: 68px; " |Retroflex<br />
! style="width: 68px; " |Palatal<br />
! style="width: 68px; " |Velar<br />
! style="width: 68px; " |Uvular<br />
! style="width: 68px; " |Glottal<br />
|-<br />
! style="" |Nasal<br />
| style="" |m<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| style="" |n<br />
| style="" |ɲ<br />
| style="" |ŋ<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
|-<br />
! style="" |Plosive<br />
| style="" |p b<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| style="" |t d<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| style="" |k g<br />
| <br />
| <br />
|-<br />
! style="" |Fricative<br />
| style="" |ɸ<br />
| style="" |f v<br />
| style="" |θ ð<br />
| style="" |s v t͡s<br />
| style="" |ʃ ʒ<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| style="" |χ ʁ<br />
| style="" |h<br />
|-<br />
! style="" |Approximant<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| style="" |ɹ<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| style="" |j<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
|-<br />
! style="" |Flap or tap<br />
| <br />
| style="" |ⱱ<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
|-<br />
! style="" |Lateral fric.<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| style="" |ɬ<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
|-<br />
! style="" |Lateral app.<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| style="" |l<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
|}<br />
<br />
===Vowels===<br />
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 540px; text-align:center;"<br />
! style="width: 90px; "|<br />
! style="width: 90px; " |Front<br />
! style="width: 90px; " |Near-front<br />
! style="width: 90px; " |Central<br />
! style="width: 90px; " |Near-back<br />
! style="width: 90px; " |Back<br />
|-<br />
! style="" |Close<br />
| style="" |i<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| style="" |u<br />
|-<br />
! style="" |Near-close<br />
| <br />
| style="" |ɪ<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
|-<br />
! style="" |Close-mid<br />
| style="" |e<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| style="" |o<br />
|-<br />
! style="" |Mid<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| style="" |ə<br />
| <br />
| <br />
|-<br />
! style="" |Open-mid<br />
| style="" |ɛ œ<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
|-<br />
! style="" |Near-open<br />
| style="" |æ<br />
| <br />
| style="" |ɐ<br />
| <br />
| <br />
|-<br />
! style="" |Open<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
|}<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
===Phonotactics===<br />
<!-- Explain the consonant clusters and vowel clusters that are permissible for use in the language. For example, "st" is an allowed consonant cluster in English while onset "ng" isn't. --><br />
There are two types of consonant clusters allowed in the Níevzi language. These occurances are the ONLY time two cononants can be consecutive in the same syllable.<br />
<ul><br />
<li><b>xi</b> /ʃ/ - This cluster can only be used in the beginning of a syllable, but not a word.</li><br />
<li><b>zs</b> /t͡s/ - This cluster can be used anywhere in a word or syllable.</li><br />
</ul><br />
<br />
===Orthography===<br />
<!--Explain your conlang's alphabet. Use the International Phonetic Alphabet to describe the sounds of your language. If you are unsure on how to use IPA then visit: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet and read up. --><br />
<br />
<br />
{| {{Table/bluetable}} style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle"<br />
! style="text-align: center;"|'''Letters'''<br />
! style="text-align: center;"|'''Name'''<br />
! style="text-align: center;"|'''Pronunciation'''<br />
! style="text-align: center;"|'''Further informations'''<br />
|-<br />
|Ææ<br />
|al<br />
|/æ/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Aa<br />
|a<br />
|/a/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Ää<br />
|av<br />
|/ɔ/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Åå<br />
|å<br />
|/e/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Bb<br />
|bå<br />
|/b/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Çç<br />
|çå<br />
|/θ/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Ċċ<br />
|ċå<br />
|/ð/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Dd<br />
|då<br />
|/d/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Ee/Ęę<br />
|e<br />
|/ɛ/<br />
|ę is used '''only''' before an r. e is used for every other case<br />
|-<br />
|Ëë<br />
|íë<br />
|/œ/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Ėė<br />
|ë<br />
|/œ/<br />
|A very short "ë" sound. It is mainly used to separate two consecutive consonants<br />
|-<br />
|Ff<br />
|få<br />
|/f/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Gg<br />
|ga<br />
|/g/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Hh<br />
|ha<br />
|/h/<br />
|Exception: It will be pronounced like /χ/ (vl uvular fricative), when it an "a" follows it.<br />
|-<br />
|Ii<br />
|i<br />
|/i/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Íí<br />
|ía<br />
|/j/<br />
| Used *only* before a vowel to add a short "y" sound to it.<br />
|-<br />
|Îî<br />
|î<br />
|/aɪ/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Ʒʒ<br />
|ʒa<br />
|/ʒ/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Kk<br />
|ek<br />
|/k/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Mm<br />
|em<br />
|/m/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Nn<br />
|en<br />
|/n/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Oo<br />
|o<br />
|/o/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Øø<br />
|ío<br />
|/ɔɪ/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Pp<br />
|på<br />
|/p/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Rr<br />
|rå<br />
|/r/<br />
|Exception: When "r" is used at the beginning of a word or at the end of a syllable it is pronounced as /ʁ/<br />
|-<br />
|Tt<br />
|ta<br />
|/t/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Uu<br />
|u<br />
|/u/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Ùù<br />
|íù<br />
|/ə/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Vv<br />
|vå<br />
|/ⱱ/<br />
|Exception: It is pronounced like /v/ when it ends a word.<br />
|-<br />
|Ww<br />
|wå<br />
|/w/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Xx<br />
|ax<br />
|/k&#x361;s/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Yy<br />
|yv<br />
|/ɪ/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Zz<br />
|za<br />
|/z/<br />
| -<br />
|}<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
===Dialects===<br />
There are two main dialects: Vef and Lod. They were created after the Siryn Split, when the people who favored a strong, absolute dictatorship moved to present-day Sævíùs, /'sævjəs/, (literally means "powerful land") and the people who favored a limited monarchy moved to present-day Pęrsirùs, /pɛʁ'siʁəs/ (literally means "land of family"). Immediately after the separation, there were many wars between the new nations. However, after a horrible defeat, Sævíùs isolated themselves from all outside influence. As a result, a new dialect of Níevzi was born.<br />
:*'''Vef''' /'vɛf/ - Vef literally translates to "old", since this dialect was the original second-generation. A Níevzi class will be teaching this dialect as it is the one most accepted to be regular "Níevzi". Vef is spoken by a majority of the people in Pęrsirús.<br />
<br />
:*'''Lod''' /'lod/ - Lod literally translates to "new", since this dialect is newer than the original second-generation. This is spoken in Sæviús. The pronunciations of some letters are slightly different and there is an irregular group of verbs that have a different ending from the regular "ë".<br />
::::• æ → pronounced as /aɪ/<br />
::::• å → pronounced as /ɛ/<br />
::::• ë → pronounced as /ə/<br />
::::• r (if it ends a syllable/starts a word and is pronounced as /ʁ/) → pronounced as /l/<br />
::::• -o verb ending in place of "-ë" for the following verbs:<br />
::::::æzsirë → æzsiro (to connect (people))<br />
::::::zipæmë → zipæmo (to play)<br />
::::::æmë → æmo (to stay/remain)<br />
::::::elisnanë → elisnano (to buy)<br />
::::::polæzesë → polæzeso (to lie)<br />
::::::lîvnavë → lînavo (to eat)<br />
::::::nofelë → nofelo (to balance)<br />
::::::dåvíë → dåvío (to release)<br />
==Grammar==<br />
==Morphology==<br />
<!-- How do the words in your language look? How do you derive words from others? Do you have cases? Are verbs inflected? Do nouns differ from adjectives? Do adjectives differ from verbs? Etc. --><br />
<br />
<!-- Here are some example subcategories:<br />
<br />
Nouns<br />
Adjectives<br />
Verbs<br />
Adverbs<br />
Particles<br />
Derivational morphology<br />
<br />
--><br />
<br />
==Syntax==<br />
<br />
<!-- Example: Word order, qualifiers, determinatives, branching, etc. --><br />
===Word Order===<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|-<br />
| <big><center>'''KEY'''</center></big> || '''S''': Subject || '''Aji''': Inner Adjective*|| '''Ajo''': Outer Adjective* || '''Art''': Article || '''Do''': Direct Object || '''Io''': Indirect Object || '''Av''': Adverb <br />
|-<br />
| '''Va''': Action Verb || '''Vl''': Linking Verb || '''Vh''': Helping Verb || '''Pa''': Predicate Adj. || '''Pn''': Predicate Nominative || '''Pr''': Preposition || '''Op''': Object of Prep. || '''N''': Noun<br />
|}<br />
'''Basic Sentence''':<br /><br />
Va<br />
* Lîbëría. (She understands.)<br />
Va-S'Art<br />
* (ex)<br />
Va-S'Art Do Io<br />
* (example coming soon)<br />
Vl-S'Art Pa<br />
* Ċymëríi-zipam'lå zsema. (This toy is red.)<br />
Vl-S'Art Pn'Art<br />
* (ex)<br />
<br><br />
'''Helping Verbs''' (<small>Take off the "ë" or "o" verb ending for the action/linking verb. If the verb is one syllable and the helping verb starts with a consonant, change the ending to "ė".</small>):<br /><br />
Va'Vh<br />
* Æzes'gæçërù (I can speak.)<br />
Va'Vh-S'Art Do<br />
* lė'gæçiraz-ʒen'zså sir'å. (Words can move people.)<br />
Va'Vh-S'Art Do Io<br />
* (ex)<br />
Vl'Vh-S'Art Pa<br />
* Ċym'olëría sæva. (She has to be powerful.)<br />
Vl'Vh-S'Art Pn'Art<br />
* (ex)<br />
<br><br />
'''Modifiers''':<br /><br />
<small>*There are two different kinds of adjectives in N&#237;evzi: Inner Adjectives and Outer Adjectives. Outer adjectives are usually physical character traits (i.e. hair color). They are obvious and everyone can agree on them. This type of adjective precedes the noun, but is connected to it as the same word. Inner adjectives focus more around personality. They are the traits that you have to look deeper to discover. This category also includes physical traits that are of opininon, like beauty. Inner adjectives are left as they are and is placed, as a new word, after the noun.</small><br /><br />
AjoN'Art Av Aji Av<br />
* (ex)<br />
* There can be as many inner and outer adjectives as wanted. The extra outers would continue to connect to the beginning of the noun. The extra inners would continue to be added at the end of the noun as a new word.<br />
* The first Adverb modifies the Outer Adjective, and the second Adverb modifies the Inner Adjective. This allows you to add multiple adjectives with multiple adverbs with having to use any other words, like "and". If there are more than one Outer Adjective, the adverbs would go in order from left to right, corresponding with the adjective placement. If there are more than Inner Adjective with Adverbs, it would just follow the pattern; "Aji Av Aji Av Aji Av Aji Av...", where the Adverb modifies the word that immediately precedes it.<br />
Av Va // Av Vl // Av Va'Vh // Av Vl'Vh<br />
* (ex)<br />
* When modifying a verb, the adverb immediately precedes it as a new word for each type of verb. When there are more than one adverb, just keep adding on adverbs at the beginning (Av Av Av Av Av Av Verb)<br />
<br><br><br />
'''Questions''':<br /><br />
S'Art Verb<br><br />
* (ex)<br />
* Invert the placement of the verb and subject, and remove the "-". All of the modifiers keep the same rules for positioning (i.e. adverbs go directly before the verb).<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Conlangs]]</div>Nicolellehttps://linguifex.com/w/index.php?title=N%C3%ADevzi&diff=7178Níevzi2013-05-18T17:18:57Z<p>Nicolelle: </p>
<hr />
<div><br />
<br />
{{private}}<br />
<br />
{{Infobox language<br />
|name = Nivian<br />
|nativename = Níevzi<br />
|pronunciation= /'ɲjevzi/<br />
|region = Lezsía<br />
|states = <br />
|nation = Persirus, Sævíus<br />
|speakers = 301,486<br />
|date = 2012<br />
|familycolor= lightgrey<br />
|family= Isolate<br />
|ancestor= Sirina<br />
|script= Latin<br />
|agency=<br />
|iso1= ni<br />
|iso2= niv<br />
|iso3= niv<br />
|notice=IPA<br />
}}<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
'''Nivian''' (Nivian: '''Níevzi''', /'ɲevzi/) is an a priori language that was the second generation of Siryn languages. Its purpose is to express the complex thoughts of humans in a superior manner.<br />
<br />
<!-- <br />
<br />
This is a short reminder of the language format policy.<br />
<br />
I. Write a short piece stating your intents and purposes when creating the language (Design goal, inspiration, ideas, and so on).<br />
II. Write a short introduction to your language. (Who speaks it? When was it created? By whom? or what? are some example questions that can be answered here)<br />
III. Once done, try making sure everything is properly spelt so as to avoid unnecessary reader fatigue.<br />
<br />
--><br />
<br />
==Background==<br />
The first evidence of Níevzi is from a carved stone discovered in the Íuçol Forest in present-day Pęrsirùs from thousands of years ago, before the Sirina people separated. Experts believe that it belonged to Sirê Zesú's (the creator of the first generation of Sirina languages) grand-successor. It wasn't until about 100 years after the language was created that the Latin alphabet made its way to Siryn. The first generation was very simple and is still used in some parts of Lezsía, /'lɛt͡sja/, (the region consisting of Pęrsirùs and Sævíùs). <br />
<br />
<!-- Design goals, inspiration, ideas, who speaks it?, when was it created?, where does it come from?, any peculiarities? --><br />
<br />
<!-- Example categories/headings: <br />
<br />
Goals<br />
Setting<br />
Inspiration<br />
<br />
--><br />
<br />
<!-- ***Phonology*** --><br />
<!-- What sounds does your language use? --><br />
<!-- Here are some example sub-/other categories:<br />
<br />
Vowel inventory<br />
Consonant inventory<br />
Syllable structure<br />
Stress<br />
Intonation<br />
<br />
--><br />
==Phonology==<br />
<br />
===Consonants===<br />
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 660px; text-align:center;"<br />
! style="width: 68px; "|<br />
! style="width: 68px; " |Bilabial<br />
! style="width: 68px; " |Labio-dental<br />
! style="width: 68px; " |Dental<br />
! style="width: 68px; " |Alveolar<br />
! style="width: 68px; " |Post-alveolar<br />
! style="width: 68px; " |Retroflex<br />
! style="width: 68px; " |Palatal<br />
! style="width: 68px; " |Velar<br />
! style="width: 68px; " |Uvular<br />
! style="width: 68px; " |Glottal<br />
|-<br />
! style="" |Nasal<br />
| style="" |m<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| style="" |n<br />
| style="" |ɲ<br />
| style="" |ŋ<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
|-<br />
! style="" |Plosive<br />
| style="" |p b<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| style="" |t d<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| style="" |k g<br />
| <br />
| <br />
|-<br />
! style="" |Fricative<br />
| style="" |ɸ<br />
| style="" |f v<br />
| style="" |θ ð<br />
| style="" |s v t͡s<br />
| style="" |ʃ ʒ<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| style="" |χ ʁ<br />
| style="" |h<br />
|-<br />
! style="" |Approximant<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| style="" |ɹ<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| style="" |j<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
|-<br />
! style="" |Flap or tap<br />
| <br />
| style="" |ⱱ<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
|-<br />
! style="" |Lateral fric.<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| style="" |ɬ<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
|-<br />
! style="" |Lateral app.<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| style="" |l<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
|}<br />
<br />
===Vowels===<br />
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 540px; text-align:center;"<br />
! style="width: 90px; "|<br />
! style="width: 90px; " |Front<br />
! style="width: 90px; " |Near-front<br />
! style="width: 90px; " |Central<br />
! style="width: 90px; " |Near-back<br />
! style="width: 90px; " |Back<br />
|-<br />
! style="" |Close<br />
| style="" |i<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| style="" |u<br />
|-<br />
! style="" |Near-close<br />
| <br />
| style="" |ɪ<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
|-<br />
! style="" |Close-mid<br />
| style="" |e<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| style="" |o<br />
|-<br />
! style="" |Mid<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| style="" |ə<br />
| <br />
| <br />
|-<br />
! style="" |Open-mid<br />
| style="" |ɛ œ<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
|-<br />
! style="" |Near-open<br />
| style="" |æ<br />
| <br />
| style="" |ɐ<br />
| <br />
| <br />
|-<br />
! style="" |Open<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
|}<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
===Phonotactics===<br />
<!-- Explain the consonant clusters and vowel clusters that are permissible for use in the language. For example, "st" is an allowed consonant cluster in English while onset "ng" isn't. --><br />
There are two types of consonant clusters allowed in the Níevzi language. These occurances are the ONLY time two cononants can be consecutive in the same syllable.<br />
<ul><br />
<li><b>xi</b> /ʃ/ - This cluster can only be used in the beginning of a syllable, but not a word.</li><br />
<li><b>zs</b> /t͡s/ - This cluster can be used anywhere in a word or syllable.</li><br />
</ul><br />
<br />
===Orthography===<br />
<!--Explain your conlang's alphabet. Use the International Phonetic Alphabet to describe the sounds of your language. If you are unsure on how to use IPA then visit: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet and read up. --><br />
<br />
<br />
{| {{Table/bluetable}} style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle"<br />
! style="text-align: center;"|'''Letters'''<br />
! style="text-align: center;"|'''Name'''<br />
! style="text-align: center;"|'''Pronunciation'''<br />
! style="text-align: center;"|'''Further informations'''<br />
|-<br />
|Ææ<br />
|al<br />
|/æ/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Aa<br />
|a<br />
|/a/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Ää<br />
|av<br />
|/ɔ/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Åå<br />
|å<br />
|/e/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Bb<br />
|bå<br />
|/b/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Çç<br />
|çå<br />
|/θ/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Ċċ<br />
|ċå<br />
|/ð/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Dd<br />
|då<br />
|/d/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Ee/Ęę<br />
|e<br />
|/ɛ/<br />
|ę is used '''only''' before an r. e is used for every other case<br />
|-<br />
|Ëë<br />
|íë<br />
|/œ/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Ėė<br />
|ë<br />
|/œ/<br />
|A very short "ë" sound. It is mainly used to separate two consecutive consonants<br />
|-<br />
|Ff<br />
|få<br />
|/f/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Gg<br />
|ga<br />
|/g/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Hh<br />
|ha<br />
|/h/<br />
|Exception: It will be pronounced like /χ/ (vl uvular fricative), when it an "a" follows it.<br />
|-<br />
|Ii<br />
|i<br />
|/i/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Íí<br />
|ía<br />
|/j/<br />
| Used *only* before a vowel to add a short "y" sound to it.<br />
|-<br />
|Îî<br />
|î<br />
|/aɪ/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Ʒʒ<br />
|ʒa<br />
|/ʒ/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Kk<br />
|ek<br />
|/k/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Mm<br />
|em<br />
|/m/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Nn<br />
|en<br />
|/n/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Oo<br />
|o<br />
|/o/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Øø<br />
|ío<br />
|/ɔɪ/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Pp<br />
|på<br />
|/p/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Rr<br />
|rå<br />
|/r/<br />
|Exception: When "r" is used at the beginning of a word or at the end of a syllable it is pronounced as /ʁ/<br />
|-<br />
|Tt<br />
|ta<br />
|/t/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Uu<br />
|u<br />
|/u/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Ùù<br />
|íù<br />
|/ə/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Vv<br />
|vå<br />
|/ⱱ/<br />
|Exception: It is pronounced like /v/ when it ends a word.<br />
|-<br />
|Ww<br />
|wå<br />
|/w/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Xx<br />
|ax<br />
|/k&#x361;s/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Yy<br />
|yv<br />
|/ɪ/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Zz<br />
|za<br />
|/z/<br />
| -<br />
|}<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
===Dialects===<br />
There are two main dialects: Vef and Lod. They were created after the Siryn Split, when the people who favored a strong, absolute dictatorship moved to present-day Sævíùs, /'sævjəs/, (literally means "powerful land") and the people who favored a limited monarchy moved to present-day Pęrsirùs, /pɛʁ'siʁəs/ (literally means "land of family"). Immediately after the separation, there were many wars between the new nations. However, after a horrible defeat, Sævíùs isolated themselves from all outside influence. As a result, a new dialect of Níevzi was born.<br />
:*'''Vef''' /'vɛf/ - Vef literally translates to "old", since this dialect was the original second-generation. A Níevzi class will be teaching this dialect as it is the one most accepted to be regular "Níevzi". Vef is spoken by a majority of the people in Pęrsirús.<br />
<br />
:*'''Lod''' /'lod/ - Lod literally translates to "new", since this dialect is newer than the original second-generation. This is spoken in Sæviús. The pronunciations of some letters are slightly different and there is an irregular group of verbs that have a different ending from the regular "ë".<br />
::::• æ → pronounced as /aɪ/<br />
::::• å → pronounced as /ɛ/<br />
::::• ë → pronounced as /ə/<br />
::::• r (if it ends a syllable/starts a word and is pronounced as /ʁ/) → pronounced as /l/<br />
::::• -o verb ending in place of "-ë" for the following verbs:<br />
::::::æzsirë → æzsiro (to connect (people))<br />
::::::zipæmë → zipæmo (to play)<br />
::::::æmë → æmo (to stay/remain)<br />
::::::elisnanë → elisnano (to buy)<br />
::::::polæzesë → polæzeso (to lie)<br />
::::::lîvnavë → lînavo (to eat)<br />
::::::nofelë → nofelo (to balance)<br />
::::::dåvíë → dåvío (to release)<br />
==Grammar==<br />
==Morphology==<br />
<!-- How do the words in your language look? How do you derive words from others? Do you have cases? Are verbs inflected? Do nouns differ from adjectives? Do adjectives differ from verbs? Etc. --><br />
<br />
<!-- Here are some example subcategories:<br />
<br />
Nouns<br />
Adjectives<br />
Verbs<br />
Adverbs<br />
Particles<br />
Derivational morphology<br />
<br />
--><br />
<br />
==Syntax==<br />
<br />
<!-- Example: Word order, qualifiers, determinatives, branching, etc. --><br />
===Word Order===<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|-<br />
| <big><center>'''KEY'''</center></big> || '''S''': Subject || '''Aji''': Inner Adjective*|| '''Ajo''': Outer Adjective* || '''Art''': Article || '''Do''': Direct Object || '''Io''': Indirect Object || '''Av''': Adverb <br />
|-<br />
| '''Va''': Action Verb || '''Vl''': Linking Verb || '''Vh''': Helping Verb || '''Pa''': Predicate Adj. || '''Pn''': Predicate Nominative || '''Pr''': Preposition || '''Op''': Object of Prep. || '''N''': Noun<br />
|}<br />
'''Basic Sentence''':<br /><br />
Va<br />
* Lîbëría. (She understands.)<br />
Va-S'Art<br />
* (ex)<br />
Va-S'Art Do Io<br />
* (example coming soon)<br />
Vl-S'Art Pa<br />
* Ċymëríi-zipam'lå zsema. (This toy is red.)<br />
Vl-S'Art Pn'Art<br />
* (ex)<br />
<br><br />
'''Helping Verbs''' (<small>Take off the "ë" or "o" verb ending for the action/linking verb. If the verb is one syllable and the helping verb starts with a consonant, change the ending to "ė".</small>):<br /><br />
Va'Vh<br />
* Æzes'gæçërù (I can speak.)<br />
Va'Vh-S'Art Do<br />
* lė'gæçëraz-ʒen'zså sir'å. (Words can move people.)<br />
Va'Vh-S'Art Do Io<br />
* (ex)<br />
Vl'Vh-S'Art Pa<br />
* Ċym'olëría sæva. (She has to be powerful.)<br />
Vl'Vh-S'Art Pn'Art<br />
* (ex)<br />
<br><br />
'''Modifiers''':<br /><br />
<small>*There are two different kinds of adjectives in N&#237;evzi: Inner Adjectives and Outer Adjectives. Outer adjectives are usually physical character traits (i.e. hair color). They are obvious and everyone can agree on them. This type of adjective precedes the noun, but is connected to it as the same word. Inner adjectives focus more around personality. They are the traits that you have to look deeper to discover. This category also includes physical traits that are of opininon, like beauty. Inner adjectives are left as they are and is placed, as a new word, after the noun.</small><br /><br />
AjoN'Art Av Aji Av<br />
* (ex)<br />
* There can be as many inner and outer adjectives as wanted. The extra outers would continue to connect to the beginning of the noun. The extra inners would continue to be added at the end of the noun as a new word.<br />
* The first Adverb modifies the Outer Adjective, and the second Adverb modifies the Inner Adjective. This allows you to add multiple adjectives with multiple adverbs with having to use any other words, like "and". If there are more than one Outer Adjective, the adverbs would go in order from left to right, corresponding with the adjective placement. If there are more than Inner Adjective with Adverbs, it would just follow the pattern; "Aji Av Aji Av Aji Av Aji Av...", where the Adverb modifies the word that immediately precedes it.<br />
Av Va // Av Vl // Av Va'Vh // Av Vl'Vh<br />
* (ex)<br />
* When modifying a verb, the adverb immediately precedes it as a new word for each type of verb. When there are more than one adverb, just keep adding on adverbs at the beginning (Av Av Av Av Av Av Verb)<br />
<br><br><br />
'''Questions''':<br /><br />
S'Art Verb<br><br />
* (ex)<br />
* Invert the placement of the verb and subject, and remove the "-". All of the modifiers keep the same rules for positioning (i.e. adverbs go directly before the verb).<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Conlangs]]</div>Nicolellehttps://linguifex.com/w/index.php?title=N%C3%ADevzi&diff=7177Níevzi2013-05-18T17:14:59Z<p>Nicolelle: </p>
<hr />
<div><br />
<br />
{{private}}<br />
<br />
{{Infobox language<br />
|name = Nivian<br />
|nativename = Níevzi<br />
|pronunciation= /'ɲjevzi/<br />
|region = Lezsía<br />
|states = <br />
|nation = Persirus, Sævíus<br />
|speakers = 301,486<br />
|date = 2012<br />
|familycolor= lightgrey<br />
|family= Isolate<br />
|ancestor= Sirina<br />
|script= Latin<br />
|agency=<br />
|iso1= ni<br />
|iso2= niv<br />
|iso3= niv<br />
|notice=IPA<br />
}}<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
'''Nivian''' (Nivian: '''Níevzi''', /'ɲevzi/) is an a priori language that was the second generation of Siryn languages. Its purpose is to express the complex thoughts of humans in a superior manner.<br />
<br />
<!-- <br />
<br />
This is a short reminder of the language format policy.<br />
<br />
I. Write a short piece stating your intents and purposes when creating the language (Design goal, inspiration, ideas, and so on).<br />
II. Write a short introduction to your language. (Who speaks it? When was it created? By whom? or what? are some example questions that can be answered here)<br />
III. Once done, try making sure everything is properly spelt so as to avoid unnecessary reader fatigue.<br />
<br />
--><br />
<br />
==Background==<br />
The first evidence of Níevzi is from a carved stone discovered in the Íuçol Forest in present-day Pęrsirùs from thousands of years ago, before the Sirina people separated. Experts believe that it belonged to Sirê Zesú's (the creator of the first generation of Sirina languages) grand-successor. It wasn't until about 100 years after the language was created that the Latin alphabet made its way to Siryn. The first generation was very simple and is still used in some parts of Lezsía, /'lɛt͡sja/, (the region consisting of Pęrsirùs and Sævíùs). <br />
<br />
<!-- Design goals, inspiration, ideas, who speaks it?, when was it created?, where does it come from?, any peculiarities? --><br />
<br />
<!-- Example categories/headings: <br />
<br />
Goals<br />
Setting<br />
Inspiration<br />
<br />
--><br />
<br />
<!-- ***Phonology*** --><br />
<!-- What sounds does your language use? --><br />
<!-- Here are some example sub-/other categories:<br />
<br />
Vowel inventory<br />
Consonant inventory<br />
Syllable structure<br />
Stress<br />
Intonation<br />
<br />
--><br />
==Phonology==<br />
<br />
===Consonants===<br />
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 660px; text-align:center;"<br />
! style="width: 68px; "|<br />
! style="width: 68px; " |Bilabial<br />
! style="width: 68px; " |Labio-dental<br />
! style="width: 68px; " |Dental<br />
! style="width: 68px; " |Alveolar<br />
! style="width: 68px; " |Post-alveolar<br />
! style="width: 68px; " |Retroflex<br />
! style="width: 68px; " |Palatal<br />
! style="width: 68px; " |Velar<br />
! style="width: 68px; " |Uvular<br />
! style="width: 68px; " |Glottal<br />
|-<br />
! style="" |Nasal<br />
| style="" |m<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| style="" |n<br />
| style="" |ɲ<br />
| style="" |ŋ<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
|-<br />
! style="" |Plosive<br />
| style="" |p b<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| style="" |t d<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| style="" |k g<br />
| <br />
| <br />
|-<br />
! style="" |Fricative<br />
| style="" |ɸ<br />
| style="" |f v<br />
| style="" |θ ð<br />
| style="" |s v t͡s<br />
| style="" |ʃ ʒ<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| style="" |χ ʁ<br />
| style="" |h<br />
|-<br />
! style="" |Approximant<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| style="" |ɹ<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| style="" |j<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
|-<br />
! style="" |Flap or tap<br />
| <br />
| style="" |ⱱ<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
|-<br />
! style="" |Lateral fric.<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| style="" |ɬ<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
|-<br />
! style="" |Lateral app.<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| style="" |l<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
|}<br />
<br />
===Vowels===<br />
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 540px; text-align:center;"<br />
! style="width: 90px; "|<br />
! style="width: 90px; " |Front<br />
! style="width: 90px; " |Near-front<br />
! style="width: 90px; " |Central<br />
! style="width: 90px; " |Near-back<br />
! style="width: 90px; " |Back<br />
|-<br />
! style="" |Close<br />
| style="" |i<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| style="" |u<br />
|-<br />
! style="" |Near-close<br />
| <br />
| style="" |ɪ<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
|-<br />
! style="" |Close-mid<br />
| style="" |e<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| style="" |o<br />
|-<br />
! style="" |Mid<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| style="" |ə<br />
| <br />
| <br />
|-<br />
! style="" |Open-mid<br />
| style="" |ɛ œ<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
|-<br />
! style="" |Near-open<br />
| style="" |æ<br />
| <br />
| style="" |ɐ<br />
| <br />
| <br />
|-<br />
! style="" |Open<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
|}<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
===Phonotactics===<br />
<!-- Explain the consonant clusters and vowel clusters that are permissible for use in the language. For example, "st" is an allowed consonant cluster in English while onset "ng" isn't. --><br />
There are two types of consonant clusters allowed in the Níevzi language. These occurances are the ONLY time two cononants can be consecutive in the same syllable.<br />
<ul><br />
<li><b>xi</b> /ʃ/ - This cluster can only be used in the beginning of a syllable, but not a word.</li><br />
<li><b>zs</b> /t͡s/ - This cluster can be used anywhere in a word or syllable.</li><br />
</ul><br />
<br />
===Orthography===<br />
<!--Explain your conlang's alphabet. Use the International Phonetic Alphabet to describe the sounds of your language. If you are unsure on how to use IPA then visit: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet and read up. --><br />
<br />
<br />
{| {{Table/bluetable}} style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle"<br />
! style="text-align: center;"|'''Letters'''<br />
! style="text-align: center;"|'''Name'''<br />
! style="text-align: center;"|'''Pronunciation'''<br />
! style="text-align: center;"|'''Further informations'''<br />
|-<br />
|Ææ<br />
|al<br />
|/æ/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Aa<br />
|a<br />
|/a/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Ää<br />
|av<br />
|/ɔ/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Åå<br />
|å<br />
|/e/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Bb<br />
|bå<br />
|/b/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Çç<br />
|çå<br />
|/θ/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Ċċ<br />
|ċå<br />
|/ð/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Dd<br />
|då<br />
|/d/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Ee/Ęę<br />
|e<br />
|/ɛ/<br />
|ę is used '''only''' before an r. e is used for every other case<br />
|-<br />
|Ëë<br />
|íë<br />
|/œ/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Ėė<br />
|ë<br />
|/œ/<br />
|A very short "ë" sound. It is mainly used to separate two consecutive consonants<br />
|-<br />
|Ff<br />
|få<br />
|/f/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Gg<br />
|ga<br />
|/g/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Hh<br />
|ha<br />
|/h/<br />
|Exception: It will be pronounced like /χ/ (vl uvular fricative), when it an "a" follows it.<br />
|-<br />
|Ii<br />
|i<br />
|/i/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Íí<br />
|ía<br />
|/j/<br />
| Used *only* before a vowel to add a short "y" sound to it.<br />
|-<br />
|Îî<br />
|î<br />
|/aɪ/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Ʒʒ<br />
|ʒa<br />
|/ʒ/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Kk<br />
|ek<br />
|/k/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Mm<br />
|em<br />
|/m/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Nn<br />
|en<br />
|/n/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Oo<br />
|o<br />
|/o/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Øø<br />
|ío<br />
|/ɔɪ/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Pp<br />
|på<br />
|/p/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Rr<br />
|rå<br />
|/r/<br />
|Exception: When "r" is used at the beginning of a word or at the end of a syllable it is pronounced as /ʁ/<br />
|-<br />
|Tt<br />
|ta<br />
|/t/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Uu<br />
|u<br />
|/u/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Ùù<br />
|íù<br />
|/ə/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Vv<br />
|vå<br />
|/ⱱ/<br />
|Exception: It is pronounced like /v/ when it ends a word.<br />
|-<br />
|Ww<br />
|wå<br />
|/w/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Xx<br />
|ax<br />
|/k&#x361;s/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Yy<br />
|yv<br />
|/ɪ/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Zz<br />
|za<br />
|/z/<br />
| -<br />
|}<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
===Dialects===<br />
There are two main dialects: Vef and Lod. They were created after the Siryn Split, when the people who favored a strong, absolute dictatorship moved to present-day Sævíùs, /'sævjəs/, (literally means "powerful land") and the people who favored a limited monarchy moved to present-day Pęrsirùs, /pɛʁ'siʁəs/ (literally means "land of family"). Immediately after the separation, there were many wars between the new nations. However, after a horrible defeat, Sævíùs isolated themselves from all outside influence. As a result, a new dialect of Níevzi was born.<br />
:*'''Vef''' /'vɛf/ - Vef literally translates to "old", since this dialect was the original second-generation. A Níevzi class will be teaching this dialect as it is the one most accepted to be regular "Níevzi". Vef is spoken by a majority of the people in Pęrsirús.<br />
<br />
:*'''Lod''' /'lod/ - Lod literally translates to "new", since this dialect is newer than the original second-generation. This is spoken in Sæviús. The pronunciations of some letters are slightly different and there is an irregular group of verbs that have a different ending from the regular "ë".<br />
::::• æ → pronounced as /aɪ/<br />
::::• å → pronounced as /ɛ/<br />
::::• ë → pronounced as /ə/<br />
::::• r (if it ends a syllable/starts a word and is pronounced as /ʁ/) → pronounced as /l/<br />
::::• -o verb ending in place of "-ë" for the following verbs:<br />
::::::æzsirë → æzsiro (to connect (people))<br />
::::::zipæmë → zipæmo (to play)<br />
::::::æmë → æmo (to stay/remain)<br />
::::::elisnanë → elisnano (to buy)<br />
::::::polæzesë → polæzeso (to lie)<br />
::::::lîvnavë → lînavo (to eat)<br />
::::::nofelë → nofelo (to balance)<br />
::::::dåvíë → dåvío (to release)<br />
==Grammar==<br />
==Morphology==<br />
<!-- How do the words in your language look? How do you derive words from others? Do you have cases? Are verbs inflected? Do nouns differ from adjectives? Do adjectives differ from verbs? Etc. --><br />
<br />
<!-- Here are some example subcategories:<br />
<br />
Nouns<br />
Adjectives<br />
Verbs<br />
Adverbs<br />
Particles<br />
Derivational morphology<br />
<br />
--><br />
<br />
==Syntax==<br />
<br />
<!-- Example: Word order, qualifiers, determinatives, branching, etc. --><br />
===Word Order===<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|-<br />
| <big><center>'''KEY'''</center></big> || '''S''': Subject || '''Aji''': Inner Adjective*|| '''Ajo''': Outer Adjective* || '''Art''': Article || '''Do''': Direct Object || '''Io''': Indirect Object || '''Av''': Adverb <br />
|-<br />
| '''Va''': Action Verb || '''Vl''': Linking Verb || '''Vh''': Helping Verb || '''Pa''': Predicate Adj. || '''Pn''': Predicate Nominative || '''Pr''': Preposition || '''Op''': Object of Prep. || '''N''': Noun<br />
|}<br />
'''Basic Sentence''':<br /><br />
Va<br />
* Lîbëría. (She understands.)<br />
Va-S'Art<br />
* (ex)<br />
Va-S'Art Do Io<br />
* (example coming soon)<br />
Vl-S'Art Pa<br />
* Ċymëríi-zipam'lå zsema. (This toy is red.)<br />
Vl-S'Art Pn'Art<br />
* (ex)<br />
<br><br />
'''Helping Verbs''' (<small>Take off the "ë" or "o" verb ending for the action/linking verb. If the verb is one syllable and the helping verb starts with a consonant, change the ending to "ė".</small>):<br /><br />
Va'Vh<br />
* Æzes'gæçërù (I can speak.)<br />
Va'Vh-S'Art Do<br />
* lė'gæçëraz-ʒen'zså sir'å. (Words can move people.)<br />
Va'Vh-S'Art Do Io<br />
* (ex)<br />
Vl'Vh-S'Art Pa<br />
* Ċym'olëría sæva. (She has to be powerful.)<br />
Vl'Vh-S'Art Pn'Art<br />
* (ex)<br />
<br><br />
'''Modifiers''':<br /><br />
<small>*There are two different kinds of adjectives in N&#237;evzi: Inner Adjectives and Outer Adjectives. Outer adjectives are usually physical character traits (i.e. hair color). They are obvious and everyone can agree on them. This type of adjective precedes the noun, but is connected to it as the same word. Inner adjectives focus more around personality. They are the traits that you have to look deeper to discover. This category also includes physical traits that are of opininon, like beauty. Inner adjectives are left as they are and is placed, as a new word, after the noun.</small><br /><br />
AjoN'Art Av Aji Av<br />
* (ex)<br />
* There can be as many inner and outer adjectives as wanted. The extra outers would continue to connect to the beginning of the noun. The extra inners would continue to be added at the end of the noun as a new word.<br />
* The first Adverb modifies the Outer Adjective, and the second Adverb modifies the Inner Adjective. This allows you to add multiple adjectives with multiple adverbs with having to use any other words, like "and". If there are more than one Outer Adjective, the adverbs would go in order from left to right, corresponding with the adjective placement. If there are more than Inner Adjective with Adverbs, it would just follow the pattern; "Aji Av Aji Av Aji Av Aji Av...", where the Adverb modifies the word that immediately precedes it.<br />
Av Va // Av Vl // Av Va'Vh // Av Vl'Vh<br />
* (ex)<br />
* When modifying a verb, the adverb immediately precedes it as a new word for each type of verb. When there are more than one adverb, just keep adding on adverbs at the beginning (Av Av Av Av Av Av Verb)<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Conlangs]]</div>Nicolellehttps://linguifex.com/w/index.php?title=N%C3%ADevzi&diff=7176Níevzi2013-05-18T17:14:11Z<p>Nicolelle: </p>
<hr />
<div><br />
<br />
{{private}}<br />
<br />
{{Infobox language<br />
|name = Nivian<br />
|nativename = Níevzi<br />
|pronunciation= /'ɲjevzi/<br />
|region = Lezsía<br />
|states = <br />
|nation = Persirus, Sævíus<br />
|speakers = 301,486<br />
|date = 2012<br />
|familycolor= lightgrey<br />
|family= Isolate<br />
|ancestor= Sirina<br />
|script= Latin<br />
|agency=<br />
|iso1= ni<br />
|iso2= niv<br />
|iso3= niv<br />
|notice=IPA<br />
}}<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
'''Nivian''' (Nivian: '''Níevzi''', /'ɲevzi/) is an a priori language that was the second generation of Siryn languages. Its purpose is to express the complex thoughts of humans in a superior manner.<br />
<br />
<!-- <br />
<br />
This is a short reminder of the language format policy.<br />
<br />
I. Write a short piece stating your intents and purposes when creating the language (Design goal, inspiration, ideas, and so on).<br />
II. Write a short introduction to your language. (Who speaks it? When was it created? By whom? or what? are some example questions that can be answered here)<br />
III. Once done, try making sure everything is properly spelt so as to avoid unnecessary reader fatigue.<br />
<br />
--><br />
<br />
==Background==<br />
The first evidence of Níevzi is from a carved stone discovered in the Íuçol Forest in present-day Pęrsirùs from thousands of years ago, before the Sirina people separated. Experts believe that it belonged to Sirê Zesú's (the creator of the first generation of Sirina languages) grand-successor. It wasn't until about 100 years after the language was created that the Latin alphabet made its way to Siryn. The first generation was very simple and is still used in some parts of Lezsía, /'lɛt͡sja/, (the region consisting of Pęrsirùs and Sævíùs). <br />
<br />
<!-- Design goals, inspiration, ideas, who speaks it?, when was it created?, where does it come from?, any peculiarities? --><br />
<br />
<!-- Example categories/headings: <br />
<br />
Goals<br />
Setting<br />
Inspiration<br />
<br />
--><br />
<br />
<!-- ***Phonology*** --><br />
<!-- What sounds does your language use? --><br />
<!-- Here are some example sub-/other categories:<br />
<br />
Vowel inventory<br />
Consonant inventory<br />
Syllable structure<br />
Stress<br />
Intonation<br />
<br />
--><br />
==Phonology==<br />
<br />
===Consonants===<br />
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 660px; text-align:center;"<br />
! style="width: 68px; "|<br />
! style="width: 68px; " |Bilabial<br />
! style="width: 68px; " |Labio-dental<br />
! style="width: 68px; " |Dental<br />
! style="width: 68px; " |Alveolar<br />
! style="width: 68px; " |Post-alveolar<br />
! style="width: 68px; " |Retroflex<br />
! style="width: 68px; " |Palatal<br />
! style="width: 68px; " |Velar<br />
! style="width: 68px; " |Uvular<br />
! style="width: 68px; " |Glottal<br />
|-<br />
! style="" |Nasal<br />
| style="" |m<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| style="" |n<br />
| style="" |ɲ<br />
| style="" |ŋ<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
|-<br />
! style="" |Plosive<br />
| style="" |p b<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| style="" |t d<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| style="" |k g<br />
| <br />
| <br />
|-<br />
! style="" |Fricative<br />
| style="" |ɸ<br />
| style="" |f v<br />
| style="" |θ ð<br />
| style="" |s v t͡s<br />
| style="" |ʃ ʒ<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| style="" |χ ʁ<br />
| style="" |h<br />
|-<br />
! style="" |Approximant<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| style="" |ɹ<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| style="" |j<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
|-<br />
! style="" |Flap or tap<br />
| <br />
| style="" |ⱱ<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
|-<br />
! style="" |Lateral fric.<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| style="" |ɬ<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
|-<br />
! style="" |Lateral app.<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| style="" |l<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
|}<br />
<br />
===Vowels===<br />
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 540px; text-align:center;"<br />
! style="width: 90px; "|<br />
! style="width: 90px; " |Front<br />
! style="width: 90px; " |Near-front<br />
! style="width: 90px; " |Central<br />
! style="width: 90px; " |Near-back<br />
! style="width: 90px; " |Back<br />
|-<br />
! style="" |Close<br />
| style="" |i<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| style="" |u<br />
|-<br />
! style="" |Near-close<br />
| <br />
| style="" |ɪ<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
|-<br />
! style="" |Close-mid<br />
| style="" |e<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| style="" |o<br />
|-<br />
! style="" |Mid<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| style="" |ə<br />
| <br />
| <br />
|-<br />
! style="" |Open-mid<br />
| style="" |ɛ œ<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
|-<br />
! style="" |Near-open<br />
| style="" |æ<br />
| <br />
| style="" |ɐ<br />
| <br />
| <br />
|-<br />
! style="" |Open<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
|}<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
===Phonotactics===<br />
<!-- Explain the consonant clusters and vowel clusters that are permissible for use in the language. For example, "st" is an allowed consonant cluster in English while onset "ng" isn't. --><br />
There are two types of consonant clusters allowed in the Níevzi language. These occurances are the ONLY time two cononants can be consecutive in the same syllable.<br />
<ul><br />
<li><b>xi</b> /ʃ/ - This cluster can only be used in the beginning of a syllable, but not a word.</li><br />
<li><b>zs</b> /t͡s/ - This cluster can be used anywhere in a word or syllable.</li><br />
</ul><br />
<br />
===Orthography===<br />
<!--Explain your conlang's alphabet. Use the International Phonetic Alphabet to describe the sounds of your language. If you are unsure on how to use IPA then visit: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet and read up. --><br />
<br />
<br />
{| {{Table/bluetable}} style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle"<br />
! style="text-align: center;"|'''Letters'''<br />
! style="text-align: center;"|'''Name'''<br />
! style="text-align: center;"|'''Pronunciation'''<br />
! style="text-align: center;"|'''Further informations'''<br />
|-<br />
|Ææ<br />
|al<br />
|/æ/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Aa<br />
|a<br />
|/a/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Ää<br />
|av<br />
|/ɔ/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Åå<br />
|å<br />
|/e/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Bb<br />
|bå<br />
|/b/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Çç<br />
|çå<br />
|/θ/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Ċċ<br />
|ċå<br />
|/ð/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Dd<br />
|då<br />
|/d/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Ee/Ęę<br />
|e<br />
|/ɛ/<br />
|ę is used '''only''' before an r. e is used for every other case<br />
|-<br />
|Ëë<br />
|íë<br />
|/œ/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Ėė<br />
|ë<br />
|/œ/<br />
|A very short "ë" sound. It is mainly used to separate two consecutive consonants<br />
|-<br />
|Ff<br />
|få<br />
|/f/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Gg<br />
|ga<br />
|/g/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Hh<br />
|ha<br />
|/h/<br />
|Exception: It will be pronounced like /χ/ (vl uvular fricative), when it an "a" follows it.<br />
|-<br />
|Ii<br />
|i<br />
|/i/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Íí<br />
|ía<br />
|/j/<br />
| Used *only* before a vowel to add a short "y" sound to it.<br />
|-<br />
|Îî<br />
|î<br />
|/aɪ/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Ʒʒ<br />
|ʒa<br />
|/ʒ/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Kk<br />
|ek<br />
|/k/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Mm<br />
|em<br />
|/m/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Nn<br />
|en<br />
|/n/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Oo<br />
|o<br />
|/o/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Øø<br />
|ío<br />
|/ɔɪ/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Pp<br />
|på<br />
|/p/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Rr<br />
|rå<br />
|/r/<br />
|Exception: When "r" is used at the beginning of a word or at the end of a syllable it is pronounced as /ʁ/<br />
|-<br />
|Tt<br />
|ta<br />
|/t/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Uu<br />
|u<br />
|/u/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Ùù<br />
|íù<br />
|/ə/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Vv<br />
|vå<br />
|/ⱱ/<br />
|Exception: It is pronounced like /v/ when it ends a word.<br />
|-<br />
|Ww<br />
|wå<br />
|/w/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Xx<br />
|ax<br />
|/k&#x361;s/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Yy<br />
|yv<br />
|/ɪ/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Zz<br />
|za<br />
|/z/<br />
| -<br />
|}<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
===Dialects===<br />
There are two main dialects: Vef and Lod. They were created after the Siryn Split, when the people who favored a strong, absolute dictatorship moved to present-day Sævíùs, /'sævjəs/, (literally means "powerful land") and the people who favored a limited monarchy moved to present-day Pęrsirùs, /pɛʁ'siʁəs/ (literally means "land of family"). Immediately after the separation, there were many wars between the new nations. However, after a horrible defeat, Sævíùs isolated themselves from all outside influence. As a result, a new dialect of Níevzi was born.<br />
:*'''Vef''' /'vɛf/ - Vef literally translates to "old", since this dialect was the original second-generation. A Níevzi class will be teaching this dialect as it is the one most accepted to be regular "Níevzi". Vef is spoken by a majority of the people in Pęrsirús.<br />
<br />
:*'''Lod''' /'lod/ - Lod literally translates to "new", since this dialect is newer than the original second-generation. This is spoken in Sæviús. The pronunciations of some letters are slightly different and there is an irregular group of verbs that have a different ending from the regular "ë".<br />
::::• æ → pronounced as /aɪ/<br />
::::• å → pronounced as /ɛ/<br />
::::• ë → pronounced as /ə/<br />
::::• r (if it ends a syllable/starts a word and is pronounced as /ʁ/) → pronounced as /l/<br />
::::• -o verb ending in place of "-ë" for the following verbs:<br />
::::::æzsirë → æzsiro (to connect (people))<br />
::::::zipæmë → zipæmo (to play)<br />
::::::æmë → æmo (to stay/remain)<br />
::::::elisnanë → elisnano (to buy)<br />
::::::polæzesë → polæzeso (to lie)<br />
::::::lîvnavë → lînavo (to eat)<br />
::::::nofelë → nofelo (to balance)<br />
::::::dåvíë → dåvío (to release)<br />
==Grammar==<br />
==Morphology==<br />
<!-- How do the words in your language look? How do you derive words from others? Do you have cases? Are verbs inflected? Do nouns differ from adjectives? Do adjectives differ from verbs? Etc. --><br />
<br />
<!-- Here are some example subcategories:<br />
<br />
Nouns<br />
Adjectives<br />
Verbs<br />
Adverbs<br />
Particles<br />
Derivational morphology<br />
<br />
--><br />
<br />
==Syntax==<br />
<br />
<!-- Example: Word order, qualifiers, determinatives, branching, etc. --><br />
===Word Order===<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|-<br />
| <big><center>'''KEY'''</center></big> || '''S''': Subject || '''Aji''': Inner Adjective*|| '''Ajo''': Outer Adjective* || '''Art''': Article || '''Do''': Direct Object || '''Io''': Indirect Object || '''Av''': Adverb <br />
|-<br />
| '''Va''': Action Verb || '''Vl''': Linking Verb || '''Vh''': Helping Verb || '''Pa''': Predicate Adj. || '''Pn''': Predicate Nominative || '''Pr''': Preposition || '''Op''': Object of Prep. || '''N''': Noun<br />
|}<br />
'''Basic Sentence''':<br /><br />
Va<br />
* Lîbëría. (She understands.)<br />
Va-S'Art<br />
* (ex)<br />
Va-S'Art Do Io<br />
* (example coming soon)<br />
Vl-S'Art Pa<br />
* Ċymëríi-zipam'lå zsema. (This toy is red.)<br />
Vl-S'Art Pn'Art<br />
* (ex)<br />
<br><br />
'''Helping Verbs''' (<small>Take off the "ë" or "o" verb ending for the action/linking verb. If the verb is one syllable and the helping verb starts with a consonant, change the ending to "ė".</small>):<br /><br />
Va'Vh<br />
* Æzes'gæçërù (I can speak.)<br />
Va'Vh-S'Art Do<br />
* lė'gæçëraz-ʒen'zså sir'å. (Words can move people.)<br />
Va'Vh-S'Art Do Io<br />
* (ex)<br />
Vl'Vh-S'Art Pa<br />
* Ċym'olëría níeva. (She has to be beautiful.)<br />
Vl'Vh-S'Art Pn'Art<br />
* (ex)<br />
<br><br />
'''Modifiers''':<br /><br />
<small>*There are two different kinds of adjectives in N&#237;evzi: Inner Adjectives and Outer Adjectives. Outer adjectives are usually physical character traits (i.e. hair color). They are obvious and everyone can agree on them. This type of adjective precedes the noun, but is connected to it as the same word. Inner adjectives focus more around personality. They are the traits that you have to look deeper to discover. This category also includes physical traits that are of opininon, like beauty. Inner adjectives are left as they are and is placed, as a new word, after the noun.</small><br /><br />
AjoN'Art Av Aji Av<br />
* (ex)<br />
* There can be as many inner and outer adjectives as wanted. The extra outers would continue to connect to the beginning of the noun. The extra inners would continue to be added at the end of the noun as a new word.<br />
* The first Adverb modifies the Outer Adjective, and the second Adverb modifies the Inner Adjective. This allows you to add multiple adjectives with multiple adverbs with having to use any other words, like "and". If there are more than one Outer Adjective, the adverbs would go in order from left to right, corresponding with the adjective placement. If there are more than Inner Adjective with Adverbs, it would just follow the pattern; "Aji Av Aji Av Aji Av Aji Av...", where the Adverb modifies the word that immediately precedes it.<br />
Av Va // Av Vl // Av Va'Vh // Av Vl'Vh<br />
* (ex)<br />
* When modifying a verb, the adverb immediately precedes it as a new word for each type of verb. When there are more than one adverb, just keep adding on adverbs at the beginning (Av Av Av Av Av Av Verb)<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Conlangs]]</div>Nicolellehttps://linguifex.com/w/index.php?title=N%C3%ADevzi&diff=7175Níevzi2013-05-18T17:10:58Z<p>Nicolelle: </p>
<hr />
<div><br />
<br />
{{private}}<br />
<br />
{{Infobox language<br />
|name = Nivian<br />
|nativename = Níevzi<br />
|pronunciation= /'ɲevzi/<br />
|region = Lezsía<br />
|states = <br />
|nation = Persirus, Sævíus<br />
|speakers = 301,486<br />
|date = 2012<br />
|familycolor= lightgrey<br />
|family= Isolate<br />
|ancestor= Sirina<br />
|script= Latin<br />
|agency=<br />
|iso1= ni<br />
|iso2= niv<br />
|iso3= niv<br />
|notice=IPA<br />
}}<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
'''Nivian''' (Nivian: '''Níevzi''', /'ɲevzi/) is an a priori language that was the second generation of Siryn languages. Its purpose is to express the complex thoughts of humans in a superior manner.<br />
<br />
<!-- <br />
<br />
This is a short reminder of the language format policy.<br />
<br />
I. Write a short piece stating your intents and purposes when creating the language (Design goal, inspiration, ideas, and so on).<br />
II. Write a short introduction to your language. (Who speaks it? When was it created? By whom? or what? are some example questions that can be answered here)<br />
III. Once done, try making sure everything is properly spelt so as to avoid unnecessary reader fatigue.<br />
<br />
--><br />
<br />
==Background==<br />
The first evidence of Níevzi is from a carved stone discovered in the Íuçol Forest in present-day Pęrsirùs from thousands of years ago, before the Sirina people separated. Experts believe that it belonged to Sirê Zesú's (the creator of the first generation of Sirina languages) grand-successor. It wasn't until about 100 years after the language was created that the Latin alphabet made its way to Siryn. The first generation was very simple and is still used in some parts of Lezsía, /'lɛt͡sja/, (the region consisting of Pęrsirùs and Sævíùs). <br />
<br />
<!-- Design goals, inspiration, ideas, who speaks it?, when was it created?, where does it come from?, any peculiarities? --><br />
<br />
<!-- Example categories/headings: <br />
<br />
Goals<br />
Setting<br />
Inspiration<br />
<br />
--><br />
<br />
<!-- ***Phonology*** --><br />
<!-- What sounds does your language use? --><br />
<!-- Here are some example sub-/other categories:<br />
<br />
Vowel inventory<br />
Consonant inventory<br />
Syllable structure<br />
Stress<br />
Intonation<br />
<br />
--><br />
==Phonology==<br />
<br />
===Consonants===<br />
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 660px; text-align:center;"<br />
! style="width: 68px; "|<br />
! style="width: 68px; " |Bilabial<br />
! style="width: 68px; " |Labio-dental<br />
! style="width: 68px; " |Dental<br />
! style="width: 68px; " |Alveolar<br />
! style="width: 68px; " |Post-alveolar<br />
! style="width: 68px; " |Retroflex<br />
! style="width: 68px; " |Palatal<br />
! style="width: 68px; " |Velar<br />
! style="width: 68px; " |Uvular<br />
! style="width: 68px; " |Glottal<br />
|-<br />
! style="" |Nasal<br />
| style="" |m<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| style="" |n<br />
| style="" |ɲ<br />
| style="" |ŋ<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
|-<br />
! style="" |Plosive<br />
| style="" |p b<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| style="" |t d<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| style="" |k g<br />
| <br />
| <br />
|-<br />
! style="" |Fricative<br />
| style="" |ɸ<br />
| style="" |f v<br />
| style="" |θ ð<br />
| style="" |s v t͡s<br />
| style="" |ʃ ʒ<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| style="" |χ ʁ<br />
| style="" |h<br />
|-<br />
! style="" |Approximant<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| style="" |ɹ<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| style="" |j<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
|-<br />
! style="" |Flap or tap<br />
| <br />
| style="" |ⱱ<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
|-<br />
! style="" |Lateral fric.<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| style="" |ɬ<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
|-<br />
! style="" |Lateral app.<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| style="" |l<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
|}<br />
<br />
===Vowels===<br />
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 540px; text-align:center;"<br />
! style="width: 90px; "|<br />
! style="width: 90px; " |Front<br />
! style="width: 90px; " |Near-front<br />
! style="width: 90px; " |Central<br />
! style="width: 90px; " |Near-back<br />
! style="width: 90px; " |Back<br />
|-<br />
! style="" |Close<br />
| style="" |i<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| style="" |u<br />
|-<br />
! style="" |Near-close<br />
| <br />
| style="" |ɪ<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
|-<br />
! style="" |Close-mid<br />
| style="" |e<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| style="" |o<br />
|-<br />
! style="" |Mid<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| style="" |ə<br />
| <br />
| <br />
|-<br />
! style="" |Open-mid<br />
| style="" |ɛ œ<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
|-<br />
! style="" |Near-open<br />
| style="" |æ<br />
| <br />
| style="" |ɐ<br />
| <br />
| <br />
|-<br />
! style="" |Open<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
|}<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
===Phonotactics===<br />
<!-- Explain the consonant clusters and vowel clusters that are permissible for use in the language. For example, "st" is an allowed consonant cluster in English while onset "ng" isn't. --><br />
There are two types of consonant clusters allowed in the Níevzi language. These occurances are the ONLY time two cononants can be consecutive in the same syllable.<br />
<ul><br />
<li><b>xi</b> /ʃ/ - This cluster can only be used in the beginning of a syllable, but not a word.</li><br />
<li><b>zs</b> /t͡s/ - This cluster can be used anywhere in a word or syllable.</li><br />
</ul><br />
<br />
===Orthography===<br />
<!--Explain your conlang's alphabet. Use the International Phonetic Alphabet to describe the sounds of your language. If you are unsure on how to use IPA then visit: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet and read up. --><br />
<br />
<br />
{| {{Table/bluetable}} style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle"<br />
! style="text-align: center;"|'''Letters'''<br />
! style="text-align: center;"|'''Name'''<br />
! style="text-align: center;"|'''Pronunciation'''<br />
! style="text-align: center;"|'''Further informations'''<br />
|-<br />
|Ææ<br />
|al<br />
|/æ/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Aa<br />
|a<br />
|/a/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Ää<br />
|av<br />
|/ɔ/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Åå<br />
|å<br />
|/e/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Bb<br />
|bå<br />
|/b/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Çç<br />
|çå<br />
|/θ/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Ċċ<br />
|ċå<br />
|/ð/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Dd<br />
|då<br />
|/d/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Ee/Ęę<br />
|e<br />
|/ɛ/<br />
|ę is used '''only''' before an r. e is used for every other case<br />
|-<br />
|Ëë<br />
|íë<br />
|/œ/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Ėė<br />
|ë<br />
|/œ/<br />
|A very short "ë" sound. It is mainly used to separate two consecutive consonants<br />
|-<br />
|Ff<br />
|få<br />
|/f/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Gg<br />
|ga<br />
|/g/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Hh<br />
|ha<br />
|/h/<br />
|Exception: It will be pronounced like /χ/ (vl uvular fricative), when it an "a" follows it.<br />
|-<br />
|Ii<br />
|i<br />
|/i/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Íí<br />
|ía<br />
|/j/<br />
| Used *only* before a vowel to add a short "y" sound to it.<br />
|-<br />
|Îî<br />
|î<br />
|/aɪ/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Ʒʒ<br />
|ʒa<br />
|/ʒ/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Kk<br />
|ek<br />
|/k/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Mm<br />
|em<br />
|/m/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Nn<br />
|en<br />
|/n/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Oo<br />
|o<br />
|/o/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Øø<br />
|ío<br />
|/ɔɪ/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Pp<br />
|på<br />
|/p/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Rr<br />
|rå<br />
|/r/<br />
|Exception: When "r" is used at the beginning of a word or at the end of a syllable it is pronounced as /ʁ/<br />
|-<br />
|Tt<br />
|ta<br />
|/t/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Uu<br />
|u<br />
|/u/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Ùù<br />
|íù<br />
|/ə/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Vv<br />
|vå<br />
|/ⱱ/<br />
|Exception: It is pronounced like /v/ when it ends a word.<br />
|-<br />
|Ww<br />
|wå<br />
|/w/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Xx<br />
|ax<br />
|/k&#x361;s/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Yy<br />
|yv<br />
|/ɪ/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Zz<br />
|za<br />
|/z/<br />
| -<br />
|}<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
===Dialects===<br />
There are two main dialects: Vef and Lod. They were created after the Siryn Split, when the people who favored a strong, absolute dictatorship moved to present-day Sævíùs, /'sævjəs/, (literally means "powerful land") and the people who favored a limited monarchy moved to present-day Pęrsirùs, /pɛʁ'siʁəs/ (literally means "land of family"). Immediately after the separation, there were many wars between the new nations. However, after a horrible defeat, Sævíùs isolated themselves from all outside influence. As a result, a new dialect of Níevzi was born.<br />
:*'''Vef''' /'vɛf/ - Vef literally translates to "old", since this dialect was the original second-generation. A Níevzi class will be teaching this dialect as it is the one most accepted to be regular "Níevzi". Vef is spoken by a majority of the people in Pęrsirús.<br />
<br />
:*'''Lod''' /'lod/ - Lod literally translates to "new", since this dialect is newer than the original second-generation. This is spoken in Sæviús. The pronunciations of some letters are slightly different and there is an irregular group of verbs that have a different ending from the regular "ë".<br />
::::• æ → pronounced as /aɪ/<br />
::::• å → pronounced as /ɛ/<br />
::::• ë → pronounced as /ə/<br />
::::• r (if it ends a syllable/starts a word and is pronounced as /ʁ/) → pronounced as /l/<br />
::::• -o verb ending in place of "-ë" for the following verbs:<br />
::::::æzsirë → æzsiro (to connect (people))<br />
::::::zipæmë → zipæmo (to play)<br />
::::::æmë → æmo (to stay/remain)<br />
::::::elisnanë → elisnano (to buy)<br />
::::::polæzesë → polæzeso (to lie)<br />
::::::lîvnavë → lînavo (to eat)<br />
::::::nofelë → nofelo (to balance)<br />
::::::dåvíë → dåvío (to release)<br />
==Grammar==<br />
==Morphology==<br />
<!-- How do the words in your language look? How do you derive words from others? Do you have cases? Are verbs inflected? Do nouns differ from adjectives? Do adjectives differ from verbs? Etc. --><br />
<br />
<!-- Here are some example subcategories:<br />
<br />
Nouns<br />
Adjectives<br />
Verbs<br />
Adverbs<br />
Particles<br />
Derivational morphology<br />
<br />
--><br />
<br />
==Syntax==<br />
<br />
<!-- Example: Word order, qualifiers, determinatives, branching, etc. --><br />
===Word Order===<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|-<br />
| <big><center>'''KEY'''</center></big> || '''S''': Subject || '''Aji''': Inner Adjective*|| '''Ajo''': Outer Adjective* || '''Art''': Article || '''Do''': Direct Object || '''Io''': Indirect Object || '''Av''': Adverb <br />
|-<br />
| '''Va''': Action Verb || '''Vl''': Linking Verb || '''Vh''': Helping Verb || '''Pa''': Predicate Adj. || '''Pn''': Predicate Nominative || '''Pr''': Preposition || '''Op''': Object of Prep. || '''N''': Noun<br />
|}<br />
'''Basic Sentence''':<br /><br />
Va<br />
* Lîbëría. (She understands.)<br />
Va-S'Art<br />
* (ex)<br />
Va-S'Art Do Io<br />
* (example coming soon)<br />
Vl-S'Art Pa<br />
* Ċymëríi-zipam'lå zsema. (This toy is red.)<br />
Vl-S'Art Pn'Art<br />
* (ex)<br />
<br><br />
'''Helping Verbs''' (<small>Take off the "ë" or "o" verb ending for the action/linking verb. If the verb is one syllable and the helping verb starts with a consonant, change the ending to "ė".</small>):<br /><br />
Va'Vh<br />
* Æzes'gæçërù (I can speak.)<br />
Va'Vh-S'Art Do<br />
* lė'gæçëraz-ʒen'zså sir'å. (Words can move people.)<br />
Va'Vh-S'Art Do Io<br />
* (ex)<br />
Vl'Vh-S'Art Pa<br />
* (ex)<br />
Vl'Vh-S'Art Pn'Art<br />
* (ex)<br />
<br><br />
'''Modifiers''':<br /><br />
<small>*There are two different kinds of adjectives in N&#237;evzi: Inner Adjectives and Outer Adjectives. Outer adjectives are usually physical character traits (i.e. hair color). They are obvious and everyone can agree on them. This type of adjective precedes the noun, but is connected to it as the same word. Inner adjectives focus more around personality. They are the traits that you have to look deeper to discover. This category also includes physical traits that are of opininon, like beauty. Inner adjectives are left as they are and is placed, as a new word, after the noun.</small><br /><br />
AjoN'Art Av Aji Av<br />
* (ex)<br />
* There can be as many inner and outer adjectives as wanted. The extra outers would continue to connect to the beginning of the noun. The extra inners would continue to be added at the end of the noun as a new word.<br />
* The first Adverb modifies the Outer Adjective, and the second Adverb modifies the Inner Adjective. This allows you to add multiple adjectives with multiple adverbs with having to use any other words, like "and". If there are more than one Outer Adjective, the adverbs would go in order from left to right, corresponding with the adjective placement. If there are more than Inner Adjective with Adverbs, it would just follow the pattern; "Aji Av Aji Av Aji Av Aji Av...", where the Adverb modifies the word that immediately precedes it.<br />
Av Va // Av Vl // Av Va'Vh // Av Vl'Vh<br />
* (ex)<br />
* When modifying a verb, the adverb immediately precedes it as a new word for each type of verb. When there are more than one adverb, just keep adding on adverbs at the beginning (Av Av Av Av Av Av Verb)<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Conlangs]]</div>Nicolellehttps://linguifex.com/w/index.php?title=N%C3%ADevzi&diff=7174Níevzi2013-05-18T16:47:52Z<p>Nicolelle: </p>
<hr />
<div><br />
<br />
{{private}}<br />
<br />
{{Infobox language<br />
|name = Nivian<br />
|nativename = Níevzi<br />
|pronunciation= /'ɲevzi/<br />
|region = Lezsía<br />
|states = <br />
|nation = Persirus, Sævíus<br />
|speakers = 301,486<br />
|date = 2012<br />
|familycolor= lightgrey<br />
|family= Isolate<br />
|ancestor= Sirina<br />
|script= Latin<br />
|agency=<br />
|iso1= ni<br />
|iso2= niv<br />
|iso3= niv<br />
|notice=IPA<br />
}}<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
'''Nivian''' (Nivian: '''Níevzi''', /'ɲevzi/) is an a priori language that was the second generation of Siryn languages. Its purpose is to express the complex thoughts of humans in a superior manner.<br />
<br />
<!-- <br />
<br />
This is a short reminder of the language format policy.<br />
<br />
I. Write a short piece stating your intents and purposes when creating the language (Design goal, inspiration, ideas, and so on).<br />
II. Write a short introduction to your language. (Who speaks it? When was it created? By whom? or what? are some example questions that can be answered here)<br />
III. Once done, try making sure everything is properly spelt so as to avoid unnecessary reader fatigue.<br />
<br />
--><br />
<br />
==Background==<br />
The first evidence of Níevzi is from a carved stone discovered in the Íuçol Forest in present-day Pęrsirùs from thousands of years ago, before the Sirina people separated. Experts believe that it belonged to Sirê Zesú's (the creator of the first generation of Sirina languages) grand-successor. It wasn't until about 100 years after the language was created that the Latin alphabet made its way to Siryn. The first generation was very simple and is still used in some parts of Lezsía, /'lɛt͡sja/, (the region consisting of Pęrsirùs and Sævíùs). <br />
<br />
<!-- Design goals, inspiration, ideas, who speaks it?, when was it created?, where does it come from?, any peculiarities? --><br />
<br />
<!-- Example categories/headings: <br />
<br />
Goals<br />
Setting<br />
Inspiration<br />
<br />
--><br />
<br />
<!-- ***Phonology*** --><br />
<!-- What sounds does your language use? --><br />
<!-- Here are some example sub-/other categories:<br />
<br />
Vowel inventory<br />
Consonant inventory<br />
Syllable structure<br />
Stress<br />
Intonation<br />
<br />
--><br />
==Phonology==<br />
<br />
===Consonants===<br />
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 660px; text-align:center;"<br />
! style="width: 68px; "|<br />
! style="width: 68px; " |Bilabial<br />
! style="width: 68px; " |Labio-dental<br />
! style="width: 68px; " |Dental<br />
! style="width: 68px; " |Alveolar<br />
! style="width: 68px; " |Post-alveolar<br />
! style="width: 68px; " |Retroflex<br />
! style="width: 68px; " |Palatal<br />
! style="width: 68px; " |Velar<br />
! style="width: 68px; " |Uvular<br />
! style="width: 68px; " |Glottal<br />
|-<br />
! style="" |Nasal<br />
| style="" |m<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| style="" |n<br />
| style="" |ɲ<br />
| style="" |ŋ<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
|-<br />
! style="" |Plosive<br />
| style="" |p b<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| style="" |t d<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| style="" |k g<br />
| <br />
| <br />
|-<br />
! style="" |Fricative<br />
| style="" |ɸ<br />
| style="" |f v<br />
| style="" |θ ð<br />
| style="" |s v t͡s<br />
| style="" |ʃ ʒ<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| style="" |χ ʁ<br />
| style="" |h<br />
|-<br />
! style="" |Approximant<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| style="" |ɹ<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| style="" |j<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
|-<br />
! style="" |Flap or tap<br />
| <br />
| style="" |ⱱ<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
|-<br />
! style="" |Lateral fric.<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| style="" |ɬ<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
|-<br />
! style="" |Lateral app.<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| style="" |l<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
|}<br />
<br />
===Vowels===<br />
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 540px; text-align:center;"<br />
! style="width: 90px; "|<br />
! style="width: 90px; " |Front<br />
! style="width: 90px; " |Near-front<br />
! style="width: 90px; " |Central<br />
! style="width: 90px; " |Near-back<br />
! style="width: 90px; " |Back<br />
|-<br />
! style="" |Close<br />
| style="" |i<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| style="" |u<br />
|-<br />
! style="" |Near-close<br />
| <br />
| style="" |ɪ<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
|-<br />
! style="" |Close-mid<br />
| style="" |e<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| style="" |o<br />
|-<br />
! style="" |Mid<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| style="" |ə<br />
| <br />
| <br />
|-<br />
! style="" |Open-mid<br />
| style="" |ɛ œ<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
|-<br />
! style="" |Near-open<br />
| style="" |æ<br />
| <br />
| style="" |ɐ<br />
| <br />
| <br />
|-<br />
! style="" |Open<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
|}<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
===Phonotactics===<br />
<!-- Explain the consonant clusters and vowel clusters that are permissible for use in the language. For example, "st" is an allowed consonant cluster in English while onset "ng" isn't. --><br />
There are two types of consonant clusters allowed in the Níevzi language. These occurances are the ONLY time two cononants can be consecutive in the same syllable.<br />
<ul><br />
<li><b>xi</b> /ʃ/ - This cluster can only be used in the beginning of a syllable, but not a word.</li><br />
<li><b>zs</b> /t͡s/ - This cluster can be used anywhere in a word or syllable.</li><br />
</ul><br />
<br />
===Orthography===<br />
<!--Explain your conlang's alphabet. Use the International Phonetic Alphabet to describe the sounds of your language. If you are unsure on how to use IPA then visit: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet and read up. --><br />
<br />
<br />
{| {{Table/bluetable}} style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle"<br />
! style="text-align: center;"|'''Letters'''<br />
! style="text-align: center;"|'''Name'''<br />
! style="text-align: center;"|'''Pronunciation'''<br />
! style="text-align: center;"|'''Further informations'''<br />
|-<br />
|Ææ<br />
|al<br />
|/æ/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Aa<br />
|a<br />
|/a/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Ää<br />
|av<br />
|/ɔ/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Åå<br />
|å<br />
|/e/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Bb<br />
|bå<br />
|/b/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Çç<br />
|çå<br />
|/θ/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Ċċ<br />
|ċå<br />
|/ð/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Dd<br />
|då<br />
|/d/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Ee/Ęę<br />
|e<br />
|/ɛ/<br />
|ę is used '''only''' before an r. e is used for every other case<br />
|-<br />
|Ëë<br />
|íë<br />
|/œ/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Ėė<br />
|ë<br />
|/œ/<br />
|A very short "ë" sound. It is mainly used to separate two consecutive consonants<br />
|-<br />
|Ff<br />
|få<br />
|/f/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Gg<br />
|ga<br />
|/g/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Hh<br />
|ha<br />
|/h/<br />
|Exception: It will be pronounced like /χ/ (vl uvular fricative), when it an "a" follows it.<br />
|-<br />
|Ii<br />
|i<br />
|/i/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Íí<br />
|ía<br />
|/j/<br />
| Used *only* before a vowel to add a short "y" sound to it.<br />
|-<br />
|Îî<br />
|î<br />
|/aɪ/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Ʒʒ<br />
|ʒa<br />
|/ʒ/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Kk<br />
|ek<br />
|/k/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Mm<br />
|em<br />
|/m/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Nn<br />
|en<br />
|/n/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Oo<br />
|o<br />
|/o/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Øø<br />
|ío<br />
|/ɔɪ/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Pp<br />
|på<br />
|/p/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Rr<br />
|rå<br />
|/r/<br />
|Exception: When "r" is used at the beginning of a word or at the end of a syllable it is pronounced as /ʁ/<br />
|-<br />
|Tt<br />
|ta<br />
|/t/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Uu<br />
|u<br />
|/u/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Ùù<br />
|íù<br />
|/ə/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Vv<br />
|vå<br />
|/ⱱ/<br />
|Exception: It is pronounced like /v/ when it ends a word.<br />
|-<br />
|Ww<br />
|wå<br />
|/w/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Xx<br />
|ax<br />
|/k&#x361;s/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Yy<br />
|yv<br />
|/ɪ/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Zz<br />
|za<br />
|/z/<br />
| -<br />
|}<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
===Dialects===<br />
There are two main dialects: Vef and Lod. They were created after the Siryn Split, when the people who favored a strong, absolute dictatorship moved to present-day Sævíùs, /'sævjəs/, (literally means "powerful land") and the people who favored a limited monarchy moved to present-day Pęrsirùs, /pɛʁ'siʁəs/ (literally means "land of family"). Immediately after the separation, there were many wars between the new nations. However, after a horrible defeat, Sævíùs isolated themselves from all outside influence. As a result, a new dialect of Níevzi was born.<br />
:*'''Vef''' /'vɛf/ - Vef literally translates to "old", since this dialect was the original second-generation. A Níevzi class will be teaching this dialect as it is the one most accepted to be regular "Níevzi". Vef is spoken by a majority of the people in Pęrsirús.<br />
<br />
:*'''Lod''' /'lod/ - Lod literally translates to "new", since this dialect is newer than the original second-generation. This is spoken in Sæviús. The pronunciations of some letters are slightly different and there is an irregular group of verbs that have a different ending from the regular "ë".<br />
::::• æ → pronounced as /aɪ/<br />
::::• å → pronounced as /ɛ/<br />
::::• ë → pronounced as /ə/<br />
::::• r (if it ends a syllable/starts a word and is pronounced as /ʁ/) → pronounced as /l/<br />
::::• -o verb ending in place of "-ë" for the following verbs:<br />
::::::æzsirë → æzsiro (to connect (people))<br />
::::::zipæmë → zipæmo (to play)<br />
::::::æmë → æmo (to stay/remain)<br />
::::::elisnanë → elisnano (to buy)<br />
::::::polæzesë → polæzeso (to lie)<br />
::::::lîvnavë → lînavo (to eat)<br />
::::::nofelë → nofelo (to balance)<br />
::::::dåvíë → dåvío (to release)<br />
==Grammar==<br />
==Morphology==<br />
<!-- How do the words in your language look? How do you derive words from others? Do you have cases? Are verbs inflected? Do nouns differ from adjectives? Do adjectives differ from verbs? Etc. --><br />
<br />
<!-- Here are some example subcategories:<br />
<br />
Nouns<br />
Adjectives<br />
Verbs<br />
Adverbs<br />
Particles<br />
Derivational morphology<br />
<br />
--><br />
<br />
==Syntax==<br />
<br />
<!-- Example: Word order, qualifiers, determinatives, branching, etc. --><br />
===Word Order===<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|-<br />
| <big><center>'''KEY'''</center></big> || '''S''': Subject || '''Aji''': Inner Adjective*|| '''Ajo''': Outer Adjective* || '''Art''': Article || '''Do''': Direct Object || '''Io''': Indirect Object || '''Av''': Adverb <br />
|-<br />
| '''Va''': Action Verb || '''Vl''': Linking Verb || '''Vh''': Helping Verb || '''Pa''': Predicate Adj. || '''Pn''': Predicate Nominative || '''Pr''': Preposition || '''Op''': Object of Prep. || '''N''': Noun<br />
|}<br />
'''Basic Sentence''':<br /><br />
Va<br />
* Lîbëría. (She understands.)<br />
Va-S'Art<br />
* (ex)<br />
Va-S'Art Do Io<br />
* (example coming soon)<br />
Vl-S'Art Pa<br />
* Ċymëríi-zipam'lå zsema. (This toy is red.)<br />
Vl-S'Art Pn'Art<br />
* (ex)<br />
<br><br />
'''Helping Verbs''' (<small>Take off the "ë" or "o" verb ending for the action/linking verb. If the verb is one syllable, change the ending to "ė".</small>):<br /><br />
Va'Vh<br />
* Æzes'gæçërù (I can speak.)<br />
Va'Vh-S'Art Do<br />
* lė'gæçëraz-ʒen'zså sir'å. (Words can move people.)<br />
Va'Vh-S'Art Do Io<br />
* (ex)<br />
Vl'Vh-S'Art Pa<br />
* (ex)<br />
Vl'Vh-S'Art Pn'Art<br />
* (ex)<br />
<br><br />
'''Modifiers''':<br /><br />
<small>*There are two different kinds of adjectives in N&#237;evzi: Inner Adjectives and Outer Adjectives. Outer adjectives are usually physical character traits (i.e. hair color). They are obvious and everyone can agree on them. This type of adjective precedes the noun, but is connected to it as the same word. Inner adjectives focus more around personality. They are the traits that you have to look deeper to discover. This category also includes physical traits that are of opininon, like beauty. Inner adjectives are left as they are and is placed, as a new word, after the noun.</small><br /><br />
AjoN'Art Av Aji Av<br />
* (ex)<br />
* There can be as many inner and outer adjectives as wanted. The extra outers would continue to connect to the beginning of the noun. The extra inners would continue to be added at the end of the noun as a new word.<br />
* The first Adverb modifies the Outer Adjective, and the second Adverb modifies the Inner Adjective. This allows you to add multiple adjectives with multiple adverbs with having to use any other words, like "and". If there are more than one Outer Adjective, the adverbs would go in order from left to right, corresponding with the adjective placement. If there are more than Inner Adjective with Adverbs, it would just follow the pattern; "Aji Av Aji Av Aji Av Aji Av...", where the Adverb modifies the word that immediately precedes it.<br />
Av Va // Av Vl // Av Va'Vh // Av Vl'Vh<br />
* (ex)<br />
* When modifying a verb, the adverb immediately precedes it as a new word for each type of verb. When there are more than one adverb, just keep adding on adverbs at the beginning (Av Av Av Av Av Av Verb)<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Conlangs]]</div>Nicolellehttps://linguifex.com/w/index.php?title=N%C3%ADevzi&diff=7173Níevzi2013-05-18T16:21:41Z<p>Nicolelle: </p>
<hr />
<div><br />
<br />
{{private}}<br />
<br />
{{Infobox language<br />
|name = Nivian<br />
|nativename = Níevzi<br />
|pronunciation= /'ɲevzi/<br />
|region = Lezsía<br />
|states = <br />
|nation = Persirus, Sævíus<br />
|speakers = 301,486<br />
|date = 2012<br />
|familycolor= lightgrey<br />
|family= Isolate<br />
|ancestor= Sirina<br />
|script= Latin<br />
|agency=<br />
|iso1= ni<br />
|iso2= niv<br />
|iso3= niv<br />
|notice=IPA<br />
}}<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
'''Nivian''' (Nivian: '''Níevzi''', /'ɲevzi/) is an a priori language that was the second generation of Siryn languages. Its purpose is to express the complex thoughts of humans in a superior manner.<br />
<br />
<!-- <br />
<br />
This is a short reminder of the language format policy.<br />
<br />
I. Write a short piece stating your intents and purposes when creating the language (Design goal, inspiration, ideas, and so on).<br />
II. Write a short introduction to your language. (Who speaks it? When was it created? By whom? or what? are some example questions that can be answered here)<br />
III. Once done, try making sure everything is properly spelt so as to avoid unnecessary reader fatigue.<br />
<br />
--><br />
<br />
==Background==<br />
The first evidence of Níevzi is from a carved stone discovered in the Íuçol Forest in present-day Pęrsirùs from thousands of years ago, before the Sirina people separated. Experts believe that it belonged to Sirê Zesú's (the creator of the first generation of Sirina languages) grand-successor. It wasn't until about 100 years after the language was created that the Latin alphabet made its way to Siryn. The first generation was very simple and is still used in some parts of Lezsía, /'lɛt͡sja/, (the region consisting of Pęrsirùs and Sævíùs). <br />
<br />
<!-- Design goals, inspiration, ideas, who speaks it?, when was it created?, where does it come from?, any peculiarities? --><br />
<br />
<!-- Example categories/headings: <br />
<br />
Goals<br />
Setting<br />
Inspiration<br />
<br />
--><br />
<br />
<!-- ***Phonology*** --><br />
<!-- What sounds does your language use? --><br />
<!-- Here are some example sub-/other categories:<br />
<br />
Vowel inventory<br />
Consonant inventory<br />
Syllable structure<br />
Stress<br />
Intonation<br />
<br />
--><br />
==Phonology==<br />
<br />
===Consonants===<br />
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 660px; text-align:center;"<br />
! style="width: 68px; "|<br />
! style="width: 68px; " |Bilabial<br />
! style="width: 68px; " |Labio-dental<br />
! style="width: 68px; " |Dental<br />
! style="width: 68px; " |Alveolar<br />
! style="width: 68px; " |Post-alveolar<br />
! style="width: 68px; " |Retroflex<br />
! style="width: 68px; " |Palatal<br />
! style="width: 68px; " |Velar<br />
! style="width: 68px; " |Uvular<br />
! style="width: 68px; " |Glottal<br />
|-<br />
! style="" |Nasal<br />
| style="" |m<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| style="" |n<br />
| style="" |ɲ<br />
| style="" |ŋ<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
|-<br />
! style="" |Plosive<br />
| style="" |p b<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| style="" |t d<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| style="" |k g<br />
| <br />
| <br />
|-<br />
! style="" |Fricative<br />
| style="" |ɸ<br />
| style="" |f v<br />
| style="" |θ ð<br />
| style="" |s v t͡s<br />
| style="" |ʃ ʒ<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| style="" |χ ʁ<br />
| style="" |h<br />
|-<br />
! style="" |Approximant<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| style="" |ɹ<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| style="" |j<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
|-<br />
! style="" |Flap or tap<br />
| <br />
| style="" |ⱱ<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
|-<br />
! style="" |Lateral fric.<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| style="" |ɬ<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
|-<br />
! style="" |Lateral app.<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| style="" |l<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
|}<br />
<br />
===Vowels===<br />
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 540px; text-align:center;"<br />
! style="width: 90px; "|<br />
! style="width: 90px; " |Front<br />
! style="width: 90px; " |Near-front<br />
! style="width: 90px; " |Central<br />
! style="width: 90px; " |Near-back<br />
! style="width: 90px; " |Back<br />
|-<br />
! style="" |Close<br />
| style="" |i<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| style="" |u<br />
|-<br />
! style="" |Near-close<br />
| <br />
| style="" |ɪ<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
|-<br />
! style="" |Close-mid<br />
| style="" |e<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| style="" |o<br />
|-<br />
! style="" |Mid<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| style="" |ə<br />
| <br />
| <br />
|-<br />
! style="" |Open-mid<br />
| style="" |ɛ œ<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
|-<br />
! style="" |Near-open<br />
| style="" |æ<br />
| <br />
| style="" |ɐ<br />
| <br />
| <br />
|-<br />
! style="" |Open<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
|}<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
===Phonotactics===<br />
<!-- Explain the consonant clusters and vowel clusters that are permissible for use in the language. For example, "st" is an allowed consonant cluster in English while onset "ng" isn't. --><br />
There are two types of consonant clusters allowed in the Níevzi language. These occurances are the ONLY time two cononants can be consecutive in the same syllable.<br />
<ul><br />
<li><b>xi</b> /ʃ/ - This cluster can only be used in the beginning of a syllable, but not a word.</li><br />
<li><b>zs</b> /t͡s/ - This cluster can be used anywhere in a word or syllable.</li><br />
</ul><br />
<br />
===Orthography===<br />
<!--Explain your conlang's alphabet. Use the International Phonetic Alphabet to describe the sounds of your language. If you are unsure on how to use IPA then visit: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet and read up. --><br />
<br />
<br />
{| {{Table/bluetable}} style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle"<br />
! style="text-align: center;"|'''Letters'''<br />
! style="text-align: center;"|'''Name'''<br />
! style="text-align: center;"|'''Pronunciation'''<br />
! style="text-align: center;"|'''Further informations'''<br />
|-<br />
|Ææ<br />
|al<br />
|/æ/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Aa<br />
|a<br />
|/a/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Ää<br />
|av<br />
|/ɔ/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Åå<br />
|å<br />
|/e/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Bb<br />
|bå<br />
|/b/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Çç<br />
|çå<br />
|/θ/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Ċċ<br />
|ċå<br />
|/ð/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Dd<br />
|då<br />
|/d/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Ee/Ęę<br />
|e<br />
|/ɛ/<br />
|ę is used '''only''' before an r. e is used for every other case<br />
|-<br />
|Ëë<br />
|íë<br />
|/œ/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Ėė<br />
|ë<br />
|/œ/<br />
|A very short "ë" sound. It is mainly used to separate two consecutive consonants<br />
|-<br />
|Ff<br />
|få<br />
|/f/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Gg<br />
|ga<br />
|/g/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Hh<br />
|ha<br />
|/h/<br />
|Exception: It will be pronounced like /χ/ (vl uvular fricative), when it an "a" follows it.<br />
|-<br />
|Ii<br />
|i<br />
|/i/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Íí<br />
|ía<br />
|/j/<br />
| Used *only* before a vowel to add a short "y" sound to it.<br />
|-<br />
|Îî<br />
|î<br />
|/aɪ/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Ʒʒ<br />
|ʒa<br />
|/ʒ/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Kk<br />
|ek<br />
|/k/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Mm<br />
|em<br />
|/m/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Nn<br />
|en<br />
|/n/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Oo<br />
|o<br />
|/o/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Øø<br />
|ío<br />
|/ɔɪ/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Pp<br />
|på<br />
|/p/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Rr<br />
|rå<br />
|/r/<br />
|Exception: When "r" is used at the beginning of a word or at the end of a syllable it is pronounced as /ʁ/<br />
|-<br />
|Tt<br />
|ta<br />
|/t/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Uu<br />
|u<br />
|/u/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Ùù<br />
|íù<br />
|/ə/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Vv<br />
|vå<br />
|/ⱱ/<br />
|Exception: It is pronounced like /v/ when it ends a word.<br />
|-<br />
|Ww<br />
|wå<br />
|/w/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Xx<br />
|ax<br />
|/k&#x361;s/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Yy<br />
|yv<br />
|/ɪ/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Zz<br />
|za<br />
|/z/<br />
| -<br />
|}<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
===Dialects===<br />
There are two main dialects: Vef and Lod. They were created after the Siryn Split, when the people who favored a strong, absolute dictatorship moved to present-day Sævíùs, /'sævjəs/, (literally means "powerful land") and the people who favored a limited monarchy moved to present-day Pęrsirùs, /pɛʁ'siʁəs/ (literally means "land of family"). Immediately after the separation, there were many wars between the new nations. However, after a horrible defeat, Sævíùs isolated themselves from all outside influence. As a result, a new dialect of Níevzi was born.<br />
:*'''Vef''' /'vɛf/ - Vef literally translates to "old", since this dialect was the original second-generation. A Níevzi class will be teaching this dialect as it is the one most accepted to be regular "Níevzi". Vef is spoken by a majority of the people in Pęrsirús.<br />
<br />
:*'''Lod''' /'lod/ - Lod literally translates to "new", since this dialect is newer than the original second-generation. This is spoken in Sæviús. The pronunciations of some letters are slightly different and there is an irregular group of verbs that have a different ending from the regular "ë".<br />
::::• æ → pronounced as /aɪ/<br />
::::• å → pronounced as /ɛ/<br />
::::• ë → pronounced as /ə/<br />
::::• r (if it ends a syllable/starts a word and is pronounced as /ʁ/) → pronounced as /l/<br />
::::• -o verb ending in place of "-ë" for the following verbs:<br />
::::::æzsirë → æzsiro (to connect (people))<br />
::::::zipæmë → zipæmo (to play)<br />
::::::æmë → æmo (to stay/remain)<br />
::::::elisnanë → elisnano (to buy)<br />
::::::polæzesë → polæzeso (to lie)<br />
::::::lîvnavë → lînavo (to eat)<br />
::::::nofelë → nofelo (to balance)<br />
::::::dåvíë → dåvío (to release)<br />
==Grammar==<br />
==Morphology==<br />
<!-- How do the words in your language look? How do you derive words from others? Do you have cases? Are verbs inflected? Do nouns differ from adjectives? Do adjectives differ from verbs? Etc. --><br />
<br />
<!-- Here are some example subcategories:<br />
<br />
Nouns<br />
Adjectives<br />
Verbs<br />
Adverbs<br />
Particles<br />
Derivational morphology<br />
<br />
--><br />
<br />
==Syntax==<br />
<br />
<!-- Example: Word order, qualifiers, determinatives, branching, etc. --><br />
===Word Order===<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|-<br />
| <big><center>'''KEY'''</center></big> || '''S''': Subject || '''Aji''': Inner Adjective*|| '''Ajo''': Outer Adjective* || '''Art''': Article || '''Do''': Direct Object || '''Io''': Indirect Object || '''Av''': Adverb <br />
|-<br />
| '''Va''': Action Verb || '''Vl''': Linking Verb || '''Vh''': Helping Verb || '''Pa''': Predicate Adj. || '''Pn''': Predicate Nominative || '''Pr''': Preposition || '''Op''': Object of Prep. || '''N''': Noun<br />
|}<br />
'''Basic Sentence''':<br /><br />
Va-S'Art Do Io<br />
* (example coming soon)<br />
Vl-S'Art Pa<br />
* (ex)<br />
Vl-S'Art Pn'Art<br />
* (ex)<br />
<br><br />
'''Helping Verbs''' (<small>Take off the "ë" or "o" verb ending for the action/linking verb</small>):<br /><br />
Va'Vh-S'Art Do Io<br />
* (ex)<br />
Vl'Vh-S'Art Pa<br />
* (ex)<br />
Vl'Vh-S'Art Pn'Art<br />
* (ex)<br />
<br><br />
'''Modifiers''':<br /><br />
<small>*There are two different kinds of adjectives in N&#237;evzi: Inner Adjectives and Outer Adjectives. Outer adjectives are usually physical character traits (i.e. hair color). They are obvious and everyone can agree on them. This type of adjective precedes the noun, but is connected to it as the same word. Inner adjectives focus more around personality. They are the traits that you have to look deeper to discover. This category also includes physical traits that are of opininon, like beauty. Inner adjectives are left as they are and is placed, as a new word, after the noun.</small><br /><br />
AjoN'Art Av Aji Av<br />
* (ex)<br />
* There can be as many inner and outer adjectives as wanted. The extra outers would continue to connect to the beginning of the noun. The extra inners would continue to be added at the end of the noun as a new word.<br />
* The first Adverb modifies the Outer Adjective, and the second Adverb modifies the Inner Adjective. This allows you to add multiple adjectives with multiple adverbs with having to use any other words, like "and". If there are more than one Outer Adjective, the adverbs would go in order from left to right, corresponding with the adjective placement. If there are more than Inner Adjective with Adverbs, it would just follow the pattern; "Aji Av Aji Av Aji Av Aji Av...", where the Adverb modifies the word that immediately precedes it.<br />
Av Va // Av Vl // Av Va'Vh // Av Vl'Vh<br />
* (ex)<br />
* When modifying a verb, the adverb immediately precedes it as a new word for each type of verb. When there are more than one adverb, just keep adding on adverbs at the beginning (Av Av Av Av Av Av Verb)<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Conlangs]]</div>Nicolellehttps://linguifex.com/w/index.php?title=N%C3%ADevzi&diff=7167Níevzi2013-05-18T15:43:06Z<p>Nicolelle: </p>
<hr />
<div><br />
<br />
{{private}}<br />
<br />
{{Infobox language<br />
|name = Nivian<br />
|nativename = Níevzi<br />
|pronunciation= /'ɲevzi/<br />
|region = Lezsía<br />
|states = <br />
|nation = Persirus, Sævíus<br />
|speakers = 301,486<br />
|date = 2012<br />
|familycolor= lightgrey<br />
|family= Isolate<br />
|ancestor= Sirina<br />
|script= Latin<br />
|agency=<br />
|iso1= ni<br />
|iso2= niv<br />
|iso3= niv<br />
|notice=IPA<br />
}}<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
'''Nivian''' (Nivian: '''Níevzi''', /'ɲevzi/) is an a priori language that was the second generation of Siryn languages. Its purpose is to express the complex thoughts of humans in a superior manner.<br />
<br />
<!-- <br />
<br />
This is a short reminder of the language format policy.<br />
<br />
I. Write a short piece stating your intents and purposes when creating the language (Design goal, inspiration, ideas, and so on).<br />
II. Write a short introduction to your language. (Who speaks it? When was it created? By whom? or what? are some example questions that can be answered here)<br />
III. Once done, try making sure everything is properly spelt so as to avoid unnecessary reader fatigue.<br />
<br />
--><br />
<br />
==Background==<br />
The first evidence of Níevzi is from a carved stone discovered in the Íuçol Forest in present-day Pęrsirùs from thousands of years ago, before the Sirina people separated. Experts believe that it belonged to Sirê Zesú's (the creator of the first generation of Sirina languages) grand-successor. It wasn't until about 100 years after the language was created that the Latin alphabet made its way to Siryn. The first generation was very simple and is still used in some parts of Lezsía, /'lɛt͡sja/, (the region consisting of Pęrsirùs and Sævíùs). <br />
<br />
<!-- Design goals, inspiration, ideas, who speaks it?, when was it created?, where does it come from?, any peculiarities? --><br />
<br />
<!-- Example categories/headings: <br />
<br />
Goals<br />
Setting<br />
Inspiration<br />
<br />
--><br />
<br />
<!-- ***Phonology*** --><br />
<!-- What sounds does your language use? --><br />
<!-- Here are some example sub-/other categories:<br />
<br />
Vowel inventory<br />
Consonant inventory<br />
Syllable structure<br />
Stress<br />
Intonation<br />
<br />
--><br />
==Phonology==<br />
<br />
===Consonants===<br />
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 660px; text-align:center;"<br />
! style="width: 68px; "|<br />
! style="width: 68px; " |Bilabial<br />
! style="width: 68px; " |Labio-dental<br />
! style="width: 68px; " |Dental<br />
! style="width: 68px; " |Alveolar<br />
! style="width: 68px; " |Post-alveolar<br />
! style="width: 68px; " |Retroflex<br />
! style="width: 68px; " |Palatal<br />
! style="width: 68px; " |Velar<br />
! style="width: 68px; " |Uvular<br />
! style="width: 68px; " |Glottal<br />
|-<br />
! style="" |Nasal<br />
| style="" |m<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| style="" |n<br />
| style="" |ɲ<br />
| style="" |ŋ<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
|-<br />
! style="" |Plosive<br />
| style="" |p b<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| style="" |t d<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| style="" |k g<br />
| <br />
| <br />
|-<br />
! style="" |Fricative<br />
| style="" |ɸ<br />
| style="" |f v<br />
| style="" |θ ð<br />
| style="" |s v t͡s<br />
| style="" |ʃ ʒ<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| style="" |χ ʁ<br />
| style="" |h<br />
|-<br />
! style="" |Approximant<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| style="" |ɹ<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| style="" |j<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
|-<br />
! style="" |Flap or tap<br />
| <br />
| style="" |ⱱ<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
|-<br />
! style="" |Lateral fric.<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| style="" |ɬ<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
|-<br />
! style="" |Lateral app.<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| style="" |l<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
|}<br />
<br />
===Vowels===<br />
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 540px; text-align:center;"<br />
! style="width: 90px; "|<br />
! style="width: 90px; " |Front<br />
! style="width: 90px; " |Near-front<br />
! style="width: 90px; " |Central<br />
! style="width: 90px; " |Near-back<br />
! style="width: 90px; " |Back<br />
|-<br />
! style="" |Close<br />
| style="" |i<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| style="" |u<br />
|-<br />
! style="" |Near-close<br />
| <br />
| style="" |ɪ<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
|-<br />
! style="" |Close-mid<br />
| style="" |e<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| style="" |o<br />
|-<br />
! style="" |Mid<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| style="" |ə<br />
| <br />
| <br />
|-<br />
! style="" |Open-mid<br />
| style="" |ɛ œ<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
|-<br />
! style="" |Near-open<br />
| style="" |æ<br />
| <br />
| style="" |ɐ<br />
| <br />
| <br />
|-<br />
! style="" |Open<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
|}<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
===Phonotactics===<br />
<!-- Explain the consonant clusters and vowel clusters that are permissible for use in the language. For example, "st" is an allowed consonant cluster in English while onset "ng" isn't. --><br />
There are two types of consonant clusters allowed in the Níevzi language. These occurances are the ONLY time two cononants can be consecutive in the same syllable.<br />
<ul><br />
<li><b>xi</b> /ʃ/ - This cluster can only be used in the beginning of a syllable, but not a word.</li><br />
<li><b>zs</b> /t͡s/ - This cluster can be used anywhere in a word or syllable.</li><br />
</ul><br />
<br />
===Orthography===<br />
<!--Explain your conlang's alphabet. Use the International Phonetic Alphabet to describe the sounds of your language. If you are unsure on how to use IPA then visit: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet and read up. --><br />
<br />
<br />
{| {{Table/bluetable}} style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle"<br />
! style="text-align: center;"|'''Letters'''<br />
! style="text-align: center;"|'''Name'''<br />
! style="text-align: center;"|'''Pronunciation'''<br />
! style="text-align: center;"|'''Further informations'''<br />
|-<br />
|Ææ<br />
|al<br />
|/æ/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Aa<br />
|a<br />
|/a/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Ää<br />
|av<br />
|/ɔ/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Åå<br />
|å<br />
|/e/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Bb<br />
|bå<br />
|/b/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Çç<br />
|çå<br />
|/θ/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Ċċ<br />
|ċå<br />
|/ð/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Dd<br />
|då<br />
|/d/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Ee/Ęę<br />
|e<br />
|/ɛ/<br />
|ę is used '''only''' before an r. e is used for every other case<br />
|-<br />
|Ëë<br />
|íë<br />
|/œ/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Ėė<br />
|ë<br />
|/œ/<br />
|A very short "ë" sound. It is mainly used to separate two consecutive consonants<br />
|-<br />
|Ff<br />
|få<br />
|/f/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Gg<br />
|ga<br />
|/g/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Hh<br />
|ha<br />
|/h/<br />
|Exception: It will be pronounced like /χ/ (vl uvular fricative), when it an "a" follows it.<br />
|-<br />
|Ii<br />
|i<br />
|/i/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Íí<br />
|ía<br />
|/j/<br />
| Used *only* before a vowel to add a short "y" sound to it.<br />
|-<br />
|Îî<br />
|î<br />
|/aɪ/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Ʒʒ<br />
|ʒa<br />
|/ʒ/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Kk<br />
|ek<br />
|/k/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Mm<br />
|em<br />
|/m/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Nn<br />
|en<br />
|/n/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Oo<br />
|o<br />
|/o/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Øø<br />
|ío<br />
|/ɔɪ/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Pp<br />
|på<br />
|/p/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Rr<br />
|rå<br />
|/r/<br />
|Exception: When "r" is used at the beginning of a word or at the end of a syllable it is pronounced as /ʁ/<br />
|-<br />
|Tt<br />
|ta<br />
|/t/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Uu<br />
|u<br />
|/u/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Ùù<br />
|íù<br />
|/ə/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Vv<br />
|vå<br />
|/ⱱ/<br />
|Exception: It is pronounced like /v/ when it ends a word.<br />
|-<br />
|Ww<br />
|wå<br />
|/w/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Xx<br />
|ax<br />
|/k&#x361;s/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Yy<br />
|yv<br />
|/ɪ/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Zz<br />
|za<br />
|/z/<br />
| -<br />
|}<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
===Dialects===<br />
There are two main dialects: Vef and Lod. They were created after the Siryn Split, when the people who favored a strong, absolute dictatorship moved to present-day Sævíùs, /'sævjəs/, (literally means "powerful land") and the people who favored a limited monarchy moved to present-day Pęrsirùs, /pɛʁ'siʁəs/ (literally means "land of family"). Immediately after the separation, there were many wars between the new nations. However, after a horrible defeat, Sævíùs isolated themselves from all outside influence. As a result, a new dialect of Níevzi was born.<br />
:*'''Vef''' /'vɛf/ - Vef literally translates to "old", since this dialect was the original second-generation. A Níevzi class will be teaching this dialect as it is the one most accepted to be regular "Níevzi". Vef is spoken by a majority of the people in Pęrsirús.<br />
<br />
:*'''Lod''' /'lod/ - Lod literally translates to "new", since this dialect is newer than the original second-generation. This is spoken in Sæviús. The pronunciations of some letters are slightly different and there is an irregular group of verbs that have a different ending from the regular "ë".<br />
::::• æ → pronounced as /aɪ/<br />
::::• å → pronounced as /ɛ/<br />
::::• ë → pronounced as /ə/<br />
::::• r (if it ends a syllable/starts a word and is pronounced as /ʁ/) → pronounced as /l/<br />
::::• -o verb ending in place of "-ë" for the following verbs:<br />
::::::æzsirë → æzsiro (to connect (people))<br />
::::::zipæmë → zipæmo (to play)<br />
::::::æmë → æmo (to stay/remain)<br />
::::::elisnanë → elisnano (to buy)<br />
::::::polæzesë → polæzeso (to lie)<br />
::::::lîvnavë → lînavo (to eat)<br />
::::::nofelë → nofelo (to balance)<br />
::::::dåvíë → dåvío (to release)<br />
==Grammar==<br />
==Morphology==<br />
<!-- How do the words in your language look? How do you derive words from others? Do you have cases? Are verbs inflected? Do nouns differ from adjectives? Do adjectives differ from verbs? Etc. --><br />
<br />
<!-- Here are some example subcategories:<br />
<br />
Nouns<br />
Adjectives<br />
Verbs<br />
Adverbs<br />
Particles<br />
Derivational morphology<br />
<br />
--><br />
<br />
==Syntax==<br />
<br />
<!-- Example: Word order, qualifiers, determinatives, branching, etc. --><br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Conlangs]]</div>Nicolellehttps://linguifex.com/w/index.php?title=N%C3%ADevzi&diff=7163Níevzi2013-05-17T23:45:50Z<p>Nicolelle: </p>
<hr />
<div><br />
<br />
{{private}}<br />
<br />
{{Infobox language<br />
|name = Nivian<br />
|nativename = Níevzi<br />
|pronunciation= /'ɲevzi/<br />
|region = Lezsía<br />
|states = <br />
|nation = Persirus, Sævíus<br />
|speakers = 301,486<br />
|date = 2012<br />
|familycolor= lightgrey<br />
|family= Isolate<br />
|ancestor= Sirina<br />
|script= Latin<br />
|agency=<br />
|iso1= ni<br />
|iso2= niv<br />
|iso3= niv<br />
|notice=IPA<br />
}}<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
'''Nivian''' (Nivian: '''Níevzi''', /'ɲevzi/) is an a priori language that was the second generation of Siryn languages. Its purpose is to express the complex thoughts of humans in a superior manner.<br />
<br />
<!-- <br />
<br />
This is a short reminder of the language format policy.<br />
<br />
I. Write a short piece stating your intents and purposes when creating the language (Design goal, inspiration, ideas, and so on).<br />
II. Write a short introduction to your language. (Who speaks it? When was it created? By whom? or what? are some example questions that can be answered here)<br />
III. Once done, try making sure everything is properly spelt so as to avoid unnecessary reader fatigue.<br />
<br />
--><br />
<br />
==Background==<br />
The first evidence of Níevzi is from a carved stone discovered in the Íuçol Forest in present-day Pęrsirùs from thousands of years ago, before the Sirina people separated. Experts believe that it belonged to Sirê Zesú's (the creator of the first generation of Sirina languages) grand-successor. It wasn't until about 100 years after the language was created that the Latin alphabet made its way to Siryn. The first generation was very simple and is still used in some parts of Lezsía, /'lɛt͡sja/, (the region consisting of Pęrsirùs and Sævíùs). <br />
<br />
<!-- Design goals, inspiration, ideas, who speaks it?, when was it created?, where does it come from?, any peculiarities? --><br />
<br />
<!-- Example categories/headings: <br />
<br />
Goals<br />
Setting<br />
Inspiration<br />
<br />
--><br />
<br />
<!-- ***Phonology*** --><br />
<!-- What sounds does your language use? --><br />
<!-- Here are some example sub-/other categories:<br />
<br />
Vowel inventory<br />
Consonant inventory<br />
Syllable structure<br />
Stress<br />
Intonation<br />
<br />
--><br />
==Phonology==<br />
<br />
===Consonants===<br />
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 660px; text-align:center;"<br />
! style="width: 68px; "|<br />
! style="width: 68px; " |Bilabial<br />
! style="width: 68px; " |Labio-dental<br />
! style="width: 68px; " |Dental<br />
! style="width: 68px; " |Alveolar<br />
! style="width: 68px; " |Post-alveolar<br />
! style="width: 68px; " |Retroflex<br />
! style="width: 68px; " |Palatal<br />
! style="width: 68px; " |Velar<br />
! style="width: 68px; " |Uvular<br />
! style="width: 68px; " |Glottal<br />
|-<br />
! style="" |Nasal<br />
| style="" |m<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| style="" |n<br />
| style="" |ɲ<br />
| style="" |ŋ<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
|-<br />
! style="" |Plosive<br />
| style="" |p b<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| style="" |t d<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| style="" |k g<br />
| <br />
| <br />
|-<br />
! style="" |Fricative<br />
| style="" |ɸ<br />
| style="" |f v<br />
| style="" |θ ð<br />
| style="" |s v t͡s<br />
| style="" |ʃ ʒ<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| style="" |χ ʁ<br />
| style="" |h<br />
|-<br />
! style="" |Approximant<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| style="" |ɹ<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| style="" |j<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
|-<br />
! style="" |Flap or tap<br />
| <br />
| style="" |ⱱ<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
|-<br />
! style="" |Lateral fric.<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| style="" |ɬ<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
|-<br />
! style="" |Lateral app.<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| style="" |l<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
|}<br />
<br />
===Vowels===<br />
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 540px; text-align:center;"<br />
! style="width: 90px; "|<br />
! style="width: 90px; " |Front<br />
! style="width: 90px; " |Near-front<br />
! style="width: 90px; " |Central<br />
! style="width: 90px; " |Near-back<br />
! style="width: 90px; " |Back<br />
|-<br />
! style="" |Close<br />
| style="" |i<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| style="" |u<br />
|-<br />
! style="" |Near-close<br />
| <br />
| style="" |ɪ<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
|-<br />
! style="" |Close-mid<br />
| style="" |e<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| style="" |o<br />
|-<br />
! style="" |Mid<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| style="" |ə<br />
| <br />
| <br />
|-<br />
! style="" |Open-mid<br />
| style="" |ɛ œ<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
|-<br />
! style="" |Near-open<br />
| style="" |æ<br />
| <br />
| style="" |ɐ<br />
| <br />
| <br />
|-<br />
! style="" |Open<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
|}<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
===Phonotactics===<br />
<!-- Explain the consonant clusters and vowel clusters that are permissible for use in the language. For example, "st" is an allowed consonant cluster in English while onset "ng" isn't. --><br />
There are two types of consonant clusters allowed in the Níevzi language. These occurances are the ONLY time two cononants can be consecutive in the same syllable.<br />
<ul><br />
<li><b>xi</b> /ʃ/ - This cluster can only be used in the beginning of a syllable, but not a word.</li><br />
<li><b>zs</b> /t͡s/ - This cluster can be used anywhere in a word or syllable.</li><br />
</ul><br />
<br />
===Orthography===<br />
<!--Explain your conlang's alphabet. Use the International Phonetic Alphabet to describe the sounds of your language. If you are unsure on how to use IPA then visit: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet and read up. --><br />
<br />
<br />
{| {{Table/bluetable}} style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle"<br />
! style="text-align: center;"|'''Letters'''<br />
! style="text-align: center;"|'''Name'''<br />
! style="text-align: center;"|'''Pronunciation'''<br />
! style="text-align: center;"|'''Further informations'''<br />
|-<br />
|Ææ<br />
|al<br />
|/æ/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Aa<br />
|a<br />
|/a/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Ää<br />
|av<br />
|/ɔ/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Åå<br />
|å<br />
|/e/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Bb<br />
|bå<br />
|/b/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Çç<br />
|çå<br />
|/θ/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Ċċ<br />
|ċå<br />
|/ð/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Dd<br />
|då<br />
|/d/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Ee/Ęę<br />
|e<br />
|/ɛ/<br />
|ę is used '''only''' before an r. e is used for every other case<br />
|-<br />
|Ëë<br />
|íë<br />
|/œ/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Ėė<br />
|ë<br />
|/œ/<br />
|A very short "ë" sound. It is mainly used to separate two consecutive consonants<br />
|-<br />
|Ff<br />
|få<br />
|/f/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Gg<br />
|ga<br />
|/g/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Hh<br />
|ha<br />
|/h/<br />
|Exception: It will be pronounced like /χ/ (vl uvular fricative), when it an "a" follows it.<br />
|-<br />
|Ii<br />
|i<br />
|/i/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Íí<br />
|ía<br />
|/j/<br />
| Used *only* before a vowel to add a short "y" sound to it.<br />
|-<br />
|Îî<br />
|î<br />
|/aɪ/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Ʒʒ<br />
|ʒa<br />
|/ʒ/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Kk<br />
|ek<br />
|/k/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Mm<br />
|em<br />
|/m/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Nn<br />
|en<br />
|/n/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Oo<br />
|o<br />
|/o/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Øø<br />
|ío<br />
|/ɔɪ/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Pp<br />
|på<br />
|/p/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Rr<br />
|rå<br />
|/r/<br />
|Exception: When "r" is used at the beginning of a word or at the end of a syllable it is pronounced as /ʁ/<br />
|-<br />
|Tt<br />
|ta<br />
|/t/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Uu<br />
|u<br />
|/u/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Ùù<br />
|íù<br />
|/ə/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Vv<br />
|vå<br />
|/ⱱ/<br />
|Exception: It is pronounced like /v/ when it ends a word.<br />
|-<br />
|Ww<br />
|wå<br />
|/w/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Xx<br />
|ax<br />
|/k&#x361;s/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Yy<br />
|yv<br />
|/ɪ/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Zz<br />
|za<br />
|/z/<br />
| -<br />
|}<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
===Dialects===<br />
There are two main dialects: Vef and Lop. They were created after the Siryn Split, when the people who favored a strong, absolute dictatorship moved to present-day Sævíùs, /'sævjəs/, (literally means "powerful land") and the people who favored a limited monarchy moved to present-day Pęrsirùs, /pɛʁ'siʁəs/ (literally means "land of family"). Immediately after the separation, there were many wars between the new nations. However, after a horrible defeat, Sævíùs isolated themselves from all outside influence. As a result, a new dialect of Níevzi was born.<br />
:*'''Vef''' /'vɛf/ - Vef literally translates to "old", since this dialect was the original second-generation. A Níevzi class will be teaching this dialect as it is the one most accepted to be regular "Níevzi". Vef is spoken by a majority of the people in Pęrsirús.<br />
<br />
:*'''Lod''' /'lod/ - Lod literally translates to "new", since this dialect is newer than the original second-generation. This is spoken in Sæviús. The pronunciations of some letters are slightly different and there is an irregular group of verbs that have a different ending from the regular "ë".<br />
::::• æ → pronounced as /aɪ/<br />
::::• å → pronounced as /ɛ/<br />
::::• ë → pronounced as /ə/<br />
::::• r (if it ends a syllable/starts a word and is pronounced as /ʁ/) → pronounced as /l/<br />
::::• -o verb ending in place of "-ë" for the following verbs:<br />
::::::æzsirë → æzsiro (to connect (people))<br />
::::::zipæmë → zipæmo (to play)<br />
::::::æmë → æmo (to stay/remain)<br />
::::::elisnanë → elisnano (to buy)<br />
::::::polæzesë → polæzeso (to lie)<br />
::::::lîvnavë → lînavo (to eat)<br />
::::::nofelë → nofelo (to balance)<br />
::::::dåvíë → dåvío (to release)<br />
==Grammar==<br />
==Morphology==<br />
<!-- How do the words in your language look? How do you derive words from others? Do you have cases? Are verbs inflected? Do nouns differ from adjectives? Do adjectives differ from verbs? Etc. --><br />
<br />
<!-- Here are some example subcategories:<br />
<br />
Nouns<br />
Adjectives<br />
Verbs<br />
Adverbs<br />
Particles<br />
Derivational morphology<br />
<br />
--><br />
<br />
==Syntax==<br />
<br />
<!-- Example: Word order, qualifiers, determinatives, branching, etc. --><br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Conlangs]]</div>Nicolellehttps://linguifex.com/w/index.php?title=N%C3%ADevzi&diff=7162Níevzi2013-05-17T20:09:40Z<p>Nicolelle: </p>
<hr />
<div><br />
<br />
{{private}}<br />
<br />
{{Infobox language<br />
|name = Nivian<br />
|nativename = Níevzi<br />
|pronunciation= /'ɲevzi/<br />
|region = Lezsía<br />
|states = <br />
|nation = Persirus, Sævíus<br />
|speakers = 301,486<br />
|date = 2012<br />
|familycolor= lightgrey<br />
|family= Isolate<br />
|ancestor= Sirina<br />
|script= Latin<br />
|agency=<br />
|iso1= ni<br />
|iso2= niv<br />
|iso3= niv<br />
|notice=IPA<br />
}}<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
'''Nivian''' (Nivian: '''Níevzi''', /'ɲevzi/) is an a priori language that was the second generation of Siryn languages. Its purpose is to express the complex thoughts of humans in a superior manner.<br />
<br />
<!-- <br />
<br />
This is a short reminder of the language format policy.<br />
<br />
I. Write a short piece stating your intents and purposes when creating the language (Design goal, inspiration, ideas, and so on).<br />
II. Write a short introduction to your language. (Who speaks it? When was it created? By whom? or what? are some example questions that can be answered here)<br />
III. Once done, try making sure everything is properly spelt so as to avoid unnecessary reader fatigue.<br />
<br />
--><br />
<br />
==Background==<br />
The first evidence of Níevzi is from a carved stone discovered in the Íuçol Forest in present-day Pęrsirùs from thousands of years ago, before the Sirina people separated. Experts believe that it belonged to Sirê Zesú's (the creator of the first generation of Sirina languages) grand-successor. It wasn't until about 100 years after the language was created that the Latin alphabet made its way to Siryn. The first generation was very simple and is still used in some parts of Lezsía, /'lɛt͡sja/, (the region consisting of Pęrsirùs and Sævíùs). <br />
<br />
<!-- Design goals, inspiration, ideas, who speaks it?, when was it created?, where does it come from?, any peculiarities? --><br />
<br />
<!-- Example categories/headings: <br />
<br />
Goals<br />
Setting<br />
Inspiration<br />
<br />
--><br />
<br />
<!-- ***Phonology*** --><br />
<!-- What sounds does your language use? --><br />
<!-- Here are some example sub-/other categories:<br />
<br />
Vowel inventory<br />
Consonant inventory<br />
Syllable structure<br />
Stress<br />
Intonation<br />
<br />
--><br />
==Phonology==<br />
<br />
===Consonants===<br />
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 660px; text-align:center;"<br />
! style="width: 68px; "|<br />
! style="width: 68px; " |Bilabial<br />
! style="width: 68px; " |Labio-dental<br />
! style="width: 68px; " |Dental<br />
! style="width: 68px; " |Alveolar<br />
! style="width: 68px; " |Post-alveolar<br />
! style="width: 68px; " |Retroflex<br />
! style="width: 68px; " |Palatal<br />
! style="width: 68px; " |Velar<br />
! style="width: 68px; " |Uvular<br />
! style="width: 68px; " |Glottal<br />
|-<br />
! style="" |Nasal<br />
| style="" |m<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| style="" |n<br />
| style="" |ɲ<br />
| style="" |ŋ<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
|-<br />
! style="" |Plosive<br />
| style="" |p b<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| style="" |t d<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| style="" |k g<br />
| <br />
| <br />
|-<br />
! style="" |Fricative<br />
| style="" |ɸ<br />
| style="" |f v<br />
| style="" |θ ð<br />
| style="" |s v t͡s<br />
| style="" |ʃ ʒ<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| style="" |χ ʁ<br />
| style="" |h<br />
|-<br />
! style="" |Approximant<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| style="" |ɹ<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| style="" |j<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
|-<br />
! style="" |Flap or tap<br />
| <br />
| style="" |ⱱ<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
|-<br />
! style="" |Lateral fric.<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| style="" |ɬ<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
|-<br />
! style="" |Lateral app.<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| style="" |l<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
|}<br />
<br />
===Vowels===<br />
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 540px; text-align:center;"<br />
! style="width: 90px; "|<br />
! style="width: 90px; " |Front<br />
! style="width: 90px; " |Near-front<br />
! style="width: 90px; " |Central<br />
! style="width: 90px; " |Near-back<br />
! style="width: 90px; " |Back<br />
|-<br />
! style="" |Close<br />
| style="" |i<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| style="" |u<br />
|-<br />
! style="" |Near-close<br />
| <br />
| style="" |ɪ<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
|-<br />
! style="" |Close-mid<br />
| style="" |e<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| style="" |o<br />
|-<br />
! style="" |Mid<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| style="" |ə<br />
| <br />
| <br />
|-<br />
! style="" |Open-mid<br />
| style="" |ɛ œ<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
|-<br />
! style="" |Near-open<br />
| style="" |æ<br />
| <br />
| style="" |ɐ<br />
| <br />
| <br />
|-<br />
! style="" |Open<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
|}<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
===Phonotactics===<br />
<!-- Explain the consonant clusters and vowel clusters that are permissible for use in the language. For example, "st" is an allowed consonant cluster in English while onset "ng" isn't. --><br />
There are three types of consonant clusters allowed in the Níevzi language. These occurances are the ONLY time two cononants can be consecutive in the same syllable.<br />
<ul><br />
<li><b>xi</b> /ʃ/ - This cluster can only be used in the beginning of a syllable, but not a word.</li><br />
<li><b>csh</b> /ɬ/ - This cluster can only be used at the beginning of a word.</li><br />
<li><b>zs</b> /t͡s/ - This cluster can be used anywhere in a word or syllable.</li><br />
</ul><br />
<br />
===Orthography===<br />
<!--Explain your conlang's alphabet. Use the International Phonetic Alphabet to describe the sounds of your language. If you are unsure on how to use IPA then visit: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet and read up. --><br />
<br />
<br />
{| {{Table/bluetable}} style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle"<br />
! style="text-align: center;"|'''Letters'''<br />
! style="text-align: center;"|'''Name'''<br />
! style="text-align: center;"|'''Pronunciation'''<br />
! style="text-align: center;"|'''Further informations'''<br />
|-<br />
|Ææ<br />
|al<br />
|/æ/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Aa<br />
|a<br />
|/a/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Ää<br />
|av<br />
|/ɔ/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Åå<br />
|å<br />
|/e/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Bb<br />
|bå<br />
|/b/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Çç<br />
|çå<br />
|/θ/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Ċċ<br />
|ċå<br />
|/ð/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Dd<br />
|då<br />
|/d/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Ee/Ęę<br />
|e<br />
|/ɛ/<br />
|ę is used '''only''' before an r. e is used for every other case<br />
|-<br />
|Ëë<br />
|íë<br />
|/œ/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Ėė<br />
|ë<br />
|/œ/<br />
|A very short "ë" sound. It is mainly used to separate two consecutive consonants<br />
|-<br />
|Ff<br />
|få<br />
|/f/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Gg<br />
|ga<br />
|/g/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Hh<br />
|ha<br />
|/h/<br />
|Exception: It will be pronounced like /χ/ (vl uvular fricative), when it an "a" follows it.<br />
|-<br />
|Ii<br />
|i<br />
|/i/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Íí<br />
|ía<br />
|/j/<br />
| Used *only* before a vowel to add a short "y" sound to it.<br />
|-<br />
|Îî<br />
|î<br />
|/aɪ/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Ʒʒ<br />
|ʒa<br />
|/ʒ/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Kk<br />
|ek<br />
|/k/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Mm<br />
|em<br />
|/m/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Nn<br />
|en<br />
|/n/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Oo<br />
|o<br />
|/o/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Øø<br />
|ío<br />
|/ɔɪ/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Pp<br />
|på<br />
|/p/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Rr<br />
|rå<br />
|/r/<br />
|Exception: When "r" is used at the beginning of a word or at the end of a syllable it is pronounced as /ʁ/<br />
|-<br />
|Tt<br />
|ta<br />
|/t/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Uu<br />
|u<br />
|/u/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Ùù<br />
|íù<br />
|/ə/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Vv<br />
|vå<br />
|/ⱱ/<br />
|Exception: It is pronounced like /v/ when it ends a word.<br />
|-<br />
|Ww<br />
|wå<br />
|/w/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Xx<br />
|ax<br />
|/k&#x361;s/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Yy<br />
|yv<br />
|/ɪ/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Zz<br />
|za<br />
|/z/<br />
| -<br />
|}<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
===Dialects===<br />
There are two main dialects: Vef and Lop. They were created after the Siryn Split, when the people who favored a strong, absolute dictatorship moved to present-day Sævíùs, /'sævjəs/, (literally means "powerful land") and the people who favored a limited monarchy moved to present-day Pęrsirùs, /pɛʁ'siʁəs/ (literally means "land of family"). Immediately after the separation, there were many wars between the new nations. However, after a horrible defeat, Sævíùs isolated themselves from all outside influence. As a result, a new dialect of Níevzi was born.<br />
:*'''Vef''' /'vɛf/ - Vef literally translates to "old", since this dialect was the original second-generation. A Níevzi class will be teaching this dialect as it is the one most accepted to be regular "Níevzi". Vef is spoken by a majority of the people in Pęrsirús.<br />
<br />
:*'''Lod''' /'lod/ - Lod literally translates to "new", since this dialect is newer than the original second-generation. This is spoken in Sæviús. The pronunciations of some letters are slightly different and there is an irregular group of verbs that have a different ending from the regular "ë".<br />
::::• æ → pronounced as /aɪ/<br />
::::• å → pronounced as /ɛ/<br />
::::• ë → pronounced as /ə/<br />
::::• r (if it ends a syllable/starts a word and is pronounced as /ʁ/) → pronounced as /l/<br />
::::• -o verb ending in place of "-ë" for the following verbs:<br />
::::::æzsirë → æzsiro (to connect (people))<br />
::::::zipæmë → zipæmo (to play)<br />
::::::æmë → æmo (to stay/remain)<br />
::::::elisnanë → elisnano (to buy)<br />
::::::polæzesë → polæzeso (to lie)<br />
::::::lîvnavë → lînavo (to eat)<br />
::::::nofelë → nofelo (to balance)<br />
::::::dåvíë → dåvío (to release)<br />
==Grammar==<br />
==Morphology==<br />
<!-- How do the words in your language look? How do you derive words from others? Do you have cases? Are verbs inflected? Do nouns differ from adjectives? Do adjectives differ from verbs? Etc. --><br />
<br />
<!-- Here are some example subcategories:<br />
<br />
Nouns<br />
Adjectives<br />
Verbs<br />
Adverbs<br />
Particles<br />
Derivational morphology<br />
<br />
--><br />
<br />
==Syntax==<br />
<br />
<!-- Example: Word order, qualifiers, determinatives, branching, etc. --><br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Conlangs]]</div>Nicolellehttps://linguifex.com/w/index.php?title=User_talk:Nicolelle&diff=7161User talk:Nicolelle2013-05-17T20:05:17Z<p>Nicolelle: /* Personal welcome */</p>
<hr />
<div>'''Welcome to ''Linguifex''!'''<br />
We hope you will contribute much and well.<br />
You will probably want to read the [[Help:Contents|help pages]].<br />
Again, welcome and have fun! [[File:Admin.png|35px|link=Linguifex:Administrators]] '''[[User talk:Chrysophylax|<span style="color: #3366BB ;">Chrysophylax</span>]]''' 00:56, 15 May 2013 (CEST)<br />
<br />
== Personal welcome ==<br />
<br />
Welcome Nicolelle! I must commend you on getting started so quickly! Níevzi looks interesting, especially its unconventional orthography!<br />
<br />
I also wanted to recommend a few other templates than the ones you are using now! If you would use <nowiki>{{private}}</nowiki> and Template:Infobox language (below) instead, that would look better! <br />
<br />
<pre><br />
{{Infobox language<br />
|name = <br />
|nativename = <br />
|pronunciation= //<br />
|region = <br />
|states = <br />
|nation =<br />
|speakers = 301,486<br />
|date = 2012<br />
|familycolor=<br />
|family=<br />
|ancestor=<br />
|script=<br />
|agency=<br />
|iso1=<br />
|iso2=<br />
|iso3=<br />
|notice=IPA<br />
}}<br />
</pre><br />
Best regards, <br />
[[File:Waahlis.png|35px|link=Linguifex:Administrators]] '''[[User talk:Waahlis|<span style="color: Orange;">Waahlis</span>]]''' 21:23, 16 May 2013 (CEST)<br />
<br><br><br />
Thanks! I changed it. --[[User:Nicolelle|Nicolelle]] ([[User talk:Nicolelle|talk]]) 22:05, 17 May 2013 (CEST)</div>Nicolellehttps://linguifex.com/w/index.php?title=N%C3%ADevzi&diff=7160Níevzi2013-05-17T20:04:11Z<p>Nicolelle: </p>
<hr />
<div><br />
<br />
{{private}}<br />
<br />
{{Infobox language<br />
|name = Nivian<br />
|nativename = Níevzi<br />
|pronunciation= /'ɲevzi/<br />
|region = Lezsía<br />
|states = <br />
|nation = Persirus, Sævíus<br />
|speakers = 301,486<br />
|date = 2012<br />
|familycolor= lightgrey<br />
|family= Isolate<br />
|ancestor= Sirina<br />
|script= Latin<br />
|agency=<br />
|iso1= ni<br />
|iso2= niv<br />
|iso3= niv<br />
|notice=IPA<br />
}}<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
'''Nivian''' (Nivian: '''Níevzi''', /'ɲevzi/) is an a priori language that was the second generation of Siryn languages. Its purpose is to express the complex thoughts of humans in a superior manner.<br />
<br />
<!-- <br />
<br />
This is a short reminder of the language format policy.<br />
<br />
I. Write a short piece stating your intents and purposes when creating the language (Design goal, inspiration, ideas, and so on).<br />
II. Write a short introduction to your language. (Who speaks it? When was it created? By whom? or what? are some example questions that can be answered here)<br />
III. Once done, try making sure everything is properly spelt so as to avoid unnecessary reader fatigue.<br />
<br />
--><br />
<br />
==Background==<br />
The first evidence of Níevzi is from a carved stone discovered in the Íuçol Forest in present-day Pęrsirùs from thousands of years ago, before the Sirina people separated. Experts believe that it belonged to Sirê Zesú's (the creator of the first generation of Sirina languages) grand-successor. It wasn't until about 100 years after the language was created that the Latin alphabet made its way to Siryn. The first generation was very simple and is still used in some parts of Lezsía, /'lɛt͡sja/, (the region consisting of Pęrsirùs and Sævíùs). <br />
<br />
<!-- Design goals, inspiration, ideas, who speaks it?, when was it created?, where does it come from?, any peculiarities? --><br />
<br />
<!-- Example categories/headings: <br />
<br />
Goals<br />
Setting<br />
Inspiration<br />
<br />
--><br />
<br />
<!-- ***Phonology*** --><br />
<!-- What sounds does your language use? --><br />
<!-- Here are some example sub-/other categories:<br />
<br />
Vowel inventory<br />
Consonant inventory<br />
Syllable structure<br />
Stress<br />
Intonation<br />
<br />
--><br />
==Phonology==<br />
<br />
===Consonants===<br />
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 660px; text-align:center;"<br />
! style="width: 68px; "|<br />
! style="width: 68px; " |Bilabial<br />
! style="width: 68px; " |Labio-dental<br />
! style="width: 68px; " |Dental<br />
! style="width: 68px; " |Alveolar<br />
! style="width: 68px; " |Post-alveolar<br />
! style="width: 68px; " |Retroflex<br />
! style="width: 68px; " |Palatal<br />
! style="width: 68px; " |Velar<br />
! style="width: 68px; " |Uvular<br />
! style="width: 68px; " |Glottal<br />
|-<br />
! style="" |Nasal<br />
| style="" |m<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| style="" |n<br />
| style="" |ɲ<br />
| style="" |ŋ<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
|-<br />
! style="" |Plosive<br />
| style="" |p b<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| style="" |t d<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| style="" |k g<br />
| <br />
| <br />
|-<br />
! style="" |Fricative<br />
| style="" |ɸ<br />
| style="" |f v<br />
| style="" |θ ð<br />
| style="" |s v t͡s<br />
| style="" |ʃ ʒ<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| style="" |χ ʁ<br />
| style="" |h<br />
|-<br />
! style="" |Approximant<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| style="" |ɹ<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| style="" |j<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
|-<br />
! style="" |Flap or tap<br />
| <br />
| style="" |ⱱ<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
|-<br />
! style="" |Lateral fric.<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| style="" |ɬ<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
|-<br />
! style="" |Lateral app.<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| style="" |l<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
|}<br />
<br />
===Vowels===<br />
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 540px; text-align:center;"<br />
! style="width: 90px; "|<br />
! style="width: 90px; " |Front<br />
! style="width: 90px; " |Near-front<br />
! style="width: 90px; " |Central<br />
! style="width: 90px; " |Near-back<br />
! style="width: 90px; " |Back<br />
|-<br />
! style="" |Close<br />
| style="" |i<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| style="" |u<br />
|-<br />
! style="" |Near-close<br />
| <br />
| style="" |ɪ<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
|-<br />
! style="" |Close-mid<br />
| style="" |e<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| style="" |o<br />
|-<br />
! style="" |Mid<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| style="" |ə<br />
| <br />
| <br />
|-<br />
! style="" |Open-mid<br />
| style="" |ɛ œ<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
|-<br />
! style="" |Near-open<br />
| style="" |æ<br />
| <br />
| style="" |ɐ<br />
| <br />
| <br />
|-<br />
! style="" |Open<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
|}<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
===Phonotactics===<br />
<!-- Explain the consonant clusters and vowel clusters that are permissible for use in the language. For example, "st" is an allowed consonant cluster in English while onset "ng" isn't. --><br />
There are three types of consonant clusters allowed in the Níevzi language. These occurances are the ONLY time two cononants can be consecutive in the same syllable.<br />
<ul><br />
<li><b>xi</b> /ʃ/ - This cluster can only be used in the beginning of a syllable, but not a word.</li><br />
<li><b>csh</b> /ɬ/ - This cluster can only be used at the beginning of a word.</li><br />
<li><b>zs</b> /t͡s/ - This cluster can be used anywhere in a word or syllable.</li><br />
</ul><br />
<br />
===Orthography===<br />
<!--Explain your conlang's alphabet. Use the International Phonetic Alphabet to describe the sounds of your language. If you are unsure on how to use IPA then visit: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet and read up. --><br />
<br />
<br />
{| {{Table/bluetable}} style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle"<br />
! style="text-align: center;"|'''Letters'''<br />
! style="text-align: center;"|'''Name'''<br />
! style="text-align: center;"|'''Pronunciation'''<br />
! style="text-align: center;"|'''Further informations'''<br />
|-<br />
|Ææ<br />
|al<br />
|/æ/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Aa<br />
|a<br />
|/a/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Ää<br />
|av<br />
|/ɔ/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Åå<br />
|å<br />
|/e/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Bb<br />
|bå<br />
|/b/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Çç<br />
|çå<br />
|/θ/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Ċċ<br />
|ċå<br />
|/ð/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Dd<br />
|då<br />
|/d/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Ee/Ęę<br />
|e<br />
|/ɛ/<br />
|ę is used '''only''' before an r. e is used for every other case<br />
|-<br />
|Ëë<br />
|íë<br />
|/œ/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Ėė<br />
|ë<br />
|/œ/<br />
|A very short "ë" sound. It is mainly used to separate two consecutive consonants<br />
|-<br />
|Ff<br />
|få<br />
|/f/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Gg<br />
|ga<br />
|/g/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Hh<br />
|ha<br />
|/h/<br />
|Exception: It will be pronounced like /χ/ (vl uvular fricative), when it an "a" follows it.<br />
|-<br />
|Ii<br />
|i<br />
|/i/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Íí<br />
|ía<br />
|/j/<br />
| Used *only* before a vowel to add a short "y" sound to it.<br />
|-<br />
|Îî<br />
|î<br />
|/aɪ/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Ʒʒ<br />
|ʒa<br />
|/ʒ/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Kk<br />
|ek<br />
|/k/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Mm<br />
|em<br />
|/m/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Nn<br />
|en<br />
|/n/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Oo<br />
|o<br />
|/o/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Øø<br />
|ío<br />
|/ɔɪ/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Pp<br />
|på<br />
|/p/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Rr<br />
|rå<br />
|/r/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Tt<br />
|ta<br />
|/t/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Uu<br />
|u<br />
|/u/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Ùù<br />
|íù<br />
|/ə/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Vv<br />
|vå<br />
|/ⱱ/<br />
|Exception: It is pronounced like /v/ when it ends a word.<br />
|-<br />
|Ww<br />
|wå<br />
|/w/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Xx<br />
|ax<br />
|/k&#x361;s/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Yy<br />
|yv<br />
|/ɪ/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Zz<br />
|za<br />
|/z/<br />
| -<br />
|}<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
===Dialects===<br />
There are two main dialects: Vef and Lop. They were created after the Siryn Split, when the people who favored a strong, absolute dictatorship moved to present-day Sævíùs, /'sævjəs/, (literally means "powerful land") and the people who favored a limited monarchy moved to present-day Pęrsirùs, /pɛʁ'siʁəs/ (literally means "land of family"). Immediately after the separation, there were many wars between the new nations. However, after a horrible defeat, Sævíùs isolated themselves from all outside influence. As a result, a new dialect of Níevzi was born.<br />
:*'''Vef''' /'vɛf/ - Vef literally translates to "old", since this dialect was the original second-generation. A Níevzi class will be teaching this dialect as it is the one most accepted to be regular "Níevzi". Vef is spoken by a majority of the people in Pęrsirús.<br />
<br />
:*'''Lod''' /'lod/ - Lod literally translates to "new", since this dialect is newer than the original second-generation. This is spoken in Sæviús. The pronunciations of some letters are slightly different and there is an irregular group of verbs that have a different ending from the regular "ë".<br />
::::• æ → pronounced as /aɪ/<br />
::::• å → pronounced as /ɛ/<br />
::::• ë → pronounced as /ə/<br />
::::• r (if it ends a syllable/starts a word and is pronounced as /ʁ/) → pronounced as /l/<br />
::::• -o verb ending in place of "-ë" for the following verbs:<br />
::::::æzsirë → æzsiro (to connect (people))<br />
::::::zipæmë → zipæmo (to play)<br />
::::::æmë → æmo (to stay/remain)<br />
::::::elisnanë → elisnano (to buy)<br />
::::::polæzesë → polæzeso (to lie)<br />
::::::lîvnavë → lînavo (to eat)<br />
::::::nofelë → nofelo (to balance)<br />
::::::dåvíë → dåvío (to release)<br />
==Grammar==<br />
==Morphology==<br />
<!-- How do the words in your language look? How do you derive words from others? Do you have cases? Are verbs inflected? Do nouns differ from adjectives? Do adjectives differ from verbs? Etc. --><br />
<br />
<!-- Here are some example subcategories:<br />
<br />
Nouns<br />
Adjectives<br />
Verbs<br />
Adverbs<br />
Particles<br />
Derivational morphology<br />
<br />
--><br />
<br />
==Syntax==<br />
<br />
<!-- Example: Word order, qualifiers, determinatives, branching, etc. --><br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Conlangs]]</div>Nicolellehttps://linguifex.com/w/index.php?title=N%C3%ADevzi&diff=7118Níevzi2013-05-16T19:12:03Z<p>Nicolelle: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Ambox<br />
| name = private<br />
| subst = <includeonly>{{subst:substcheck}}</includeonly><br />
| small = {{{small|no}}}<br />
| type = rednotice<br />
| image = [[File:private.png|65px]]<br />
| sect = {{{1|}}}<br />
| issue = is '''private'''. The author requests that you do not make changes to this project without approval. By all means, please help fix spelling, grammar and organisation problems, thank you.<br />
| talk = {{{talk|}}}<br />
| date = {{{date|}}}<br />
}}<br />
<br />
<br />
{{language<br />
|name = Nivian<br />
|nativename = Níevzi<br />
|pronunciation = /'ɲevzi/<br />
|spoken = Persirus, Sævíus<br />
|region = Lezsía<br />
|speakers = <!-- The number of speakers of the language. If there are no speakers write "none". --><br />
|rank = <!-- The place of the language on the "List of languages by number of speakers." --><br />
|family = language isolate<br />
|writing = Latin<br />
|official = <!-- Is the language an official language anywhere? If not, write "no official status". --><br />
|regulator = <!-- Does the language have a regulating body? If not, write "unregulated". --><br />
|iso1 = ni<br />
|iso2 = niv<br />
|sil = niv<br />
}}<br />
<br />
<br />
'''Nivian''' (Nivian: '''Níevzi''', /'ɲevzi/) is an a priori language that was the second generation of Siryn languages. Its purpose is to express the complex thoughts of humans in a superior manner.<br />
<br />
<!-- <br />
<br />
This is a short reminder of the language format policy.<br />
<br />
I. Write a short piece stating your intents and purposes when creating the language (Design goal, inspiration, ideas, and so on).<br />
II. Write a short introduction to your language. (Who speaks it? When was it created? By whom? or what? are some example questions that can be answered here)<br />
III. Once done, try making sure everything is properly spelt so as to avoid unnecessary reader fatigue.<br />
<br />
--><br />
<br />
==Background==<br />
The first evidence of Níevzi is from a carved stone discovered in the Íuçol Forest in present-day Pęrsirùs from thousands of years ago, before the Sirina people separated. Experts believe that it belonged to Sirê Zesú's (the creator of the first generation of Sirina languages) grand-successor. It wasn't until about 100 years after the language was created that the Latin alphabet made its way to Siryn. The first generation was very simple and is still used in some parts of Lezsía, /'lɛt͡sja/, (the region consisting of Pęrsirùs and Sævíùs). <br />
<br />
<!-- Design goals, inspiration, ideas, who speaks it?, when was it created?, where does it come from?, any peculiarities? --><br />
<br />
<!-- Example categories/headings: <br />
<br />
Goals<br />
Setting<br />
Inspiration<br />
<br />
--><br />
<br />
<!-- ***Phonology*** --><br />
<!-- What sounds does your language use? --><br />
<!-- Here are some example sub-/other categories:<br />
<br />
Vowel inventory<br />
Consonant inventory<br />
Syllable structure<br />
Stress<br />
Intonation<br />
<br />
--><br />
==Phonology==<br />
<br />
===Consonants===<br />
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 660px; text-align:center;"<br />
! style="width: 68px; "|<br />
! style="width: 68px; " |Bilabial<br />
! style="width: 68px; " |Labio-dental<br />
! style="width: 68px; " |Dental<br />
! style="width: 68px; " |Alveolar<br />
! style="width: 68px; " |Post-alveolar<br />
! style="width: 68px; " |Retroflex<br />
! style="width: 68px; " |Palatal<br />
! style="width: 68px; " |Velar<br />
! style="width: 68px; " |Uvular<br />
! style="width: 68px; " |Glottal<br />
|-<br />
! style="" |Nasal<br />
| style="" |m<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| style="" |n<br />
| style="" |ɲ<br />
| style="" |ŋ<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
|-<br />
! style="" |Plosive<br />
| style="" |p b<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| style="" |t d<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| style="" |k g<br />
| <br />
| <br />
|-<br />
! style="" |Fricative<br />
| style="" |ɸ<br />
| style="" |f v<br />
| style="" |θ ð<br />
| style="" |s v t͡s<br />
| style="" |ʃ ʒ<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| style="" |χ ʁ<br />
| style="" |h<br />
|-<br />
! style="" |Approximant<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| style="" |ɹ<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| style="" |j<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
|-<br />
! style="" |Flap or tap<br />
| <br />
| style="" |ⱱ<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
|-<br />
! style="" |Lateral fric.<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| style="" |ɬ<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
|-<br />
! style="" |Lateral app.<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| style="" |l<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
|}<br />
<br />
===Vowels===<br />
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 540px; text-align:center;"<br />
! style="width: 90px; "|<br />
! style="width: 90px; " |Front<br />
! style="width: 90px; " |Near-front<br />
! style="width: 90px; " |Central<br />
! style="width: 90px; " |Near-back<br />
! style="width: 90px; " |Back<br />
|-<br />
! style="" |Close<br />
| style="" |i<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| style="" |u<br />
|-<br />
! style="" |Near-close<br />
| <br />
| style="" |ɪ<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
|-<br />
! style="" |Close-mid<br />
| style="" |e<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| style="" |o<br />
|-<br />
! style="" |Mid<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| style="" |ə<br />
| <br />
| <br />
|-<br />
! style="" |Open-mid<br />
| style="" |ɛ œ<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
|-<br />
! style="" |Near-open<br />
| style="" |æ<br />
| <br />
| style="" |ɐ<br />
| <br />
| <br />
|-<br />
! style="" |Open<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
|}<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
===Phonotactics===<br />
<!-- Explain the consonant clusters and vowel clusters that are permissible for use in the language. For example, "st" is an allowed consonant cluster in English while onset "ng" isn't. --><br />
There are three types of consonant clusters allowed in the Níevzi language. These occurances are the ONLY time two cononants can be consecutive in the same syllable.<br />
<ul><br />
<li><b>xi</b> /ʃ/ - This cluster can only be used in the beginning of a syllable, but not a word.</li><br />
<li><b>csh</b> /ɬ/ - This cluster can only be used at the beginning of a word.</li><br />
<li><b>zs</b> /t͡s/ - This cluster can be used anywhere in a word or syllable.</li><br />
</ul><br />
<br />
===Orthography===<br />
<!--Explain your conlang's alphabet. Use the International Phonetic Alphabet to describe the sounds of your language. If you are unsure on how to use IPA then visit: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet and read up. --><br />
<br />
<br />
{| {{Table/bluetable}} style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle"<br />
! style="text-align: center;"|'''Letters'''<br />
! style="text-align: center;"|'''Name'''<br />
! style="text-align: center;"|'''Pronunciation'''<br />
! style="text-align: center;"|'''Further informations'''<br />
|-<br />
|Ææ<br />
|al<br />
|/æ/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Aa<br />
|a<br />
|/a/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Ää<br />
|av<br />
|/ɔ/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Åå<br />
|å<br />
|/e/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Bb<br />
|bå<br />
|/b/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Çç<br />
|çå<br />
|/θ/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Ċċ<br />
|ċå<br />
|/ð/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Dd<br />
|då<br />
|/d/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Ee/Ęę<br />
|e<br />
|/ɛ/<br />
|ę is used '''only''' before an r. e is used for every other case<br />
|-<br />
|Ëë<br />
|íë<br />
|/œ/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Ėė<br />
|ë<br />
|/œ/<br />
|A very short "ë" sound. It is mainly used to separate two consecutive consonants<br />
|-<br />
|Ff<br />
|få<br />
|/f/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Gg<br />
|ga<br />
|/g/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Hh<br />
|ha<br />
|/h/<br />
|Exception: It will be pronounced like /χ/ (vl uvular fricative), when it an "a" follows it.<br />
|-<br />
|Ii<br />
|i<br />
|/i/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Íí<br />
|ía<br />
|/j/<br />
| Used *only* before a vowel to add a short "y" sound to it.<br />
|-<br />
|Îî<br />
|î<br />
|/aɪ/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Ʒʒ<br />
|ʒa<br />
|/ʒ/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Kk<br />
|ek<br />
|/k/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Mm<br />
|em<br />
|/m/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Nn<br />
|en<br />
|/n/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Oo<br />
|o<br />
|/o/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Øø<br />
|ío<br />
|/ɔɪ/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Pp<br />
|på<br />
|/p/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Rr<br />
|rå<br />
|/r/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Tt<br />
|ta<br />
|/t/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Uu<br />
|u<br />
|/u/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Ùù<br />
|íù<br />
|/ə/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Vv<br />
|vå<br />
|/ⱱ/<br />
|Exception: It is pronounced like /v/ when it ends a word.<br />
|-<br />
|Ww<br />
|wå<br />
|/w/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Xx<br />
|ax<br />
|/k&#x361;s/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Yy<br />
|yv<br />
|/ɪ/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Zz<br />
|za<br />
|/z/<br />
| -<br />
|}<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
===Dialects===<br />
There are two main dialects: Vef and Lop. They were created after the Siryn Split, when the people who favored a strong, absolute dictatorship moved to present-day Sævíùs, /'sævjəs/, (literally means "powerful land") and the people who favored a limited monarchy moved to present-day Pęrsirùs, /pɛʁ'siʁəs/ (literally means "land of family"). Immediately after the separation, there were many wars between the new nations. However, after a horrible defeat, Sævíùs isolated themselves from all outside influence. As a result, a new dialect of Níevzi was born.<br />
:*'''Vef''' /'vɛf/ - Vef literally translates to "old", since this dialect was the original second-generation. A Níevzi class will be teaching this dialect as it is the one most accepted to be regular "Níevzi". Vef is spoken by a majority of the people in Pęrsirús.<br />
<br />
:*'''Lod''' /'lod/ - Lod literally translates to "new", since this dialect is newer than the original second-generation. This is spoken in Sæviús. The pronunciations of some letters are slightly different and there is an irregular group of verbs that have a different ending from the regular "ë".<br />
::::• æ → pronounced as /aɪ/<br />
::::• å → pronounced as /ɛ/<br />
::::• ë → pronounced as /ə/<br />
::::• r (if it ends a syllable/starts a word and is pronounced as /ʁ/) → pronounced as /l/<br />
::::• -o verb ending in place of "-ë" for the following verbs:<br />
::::::æzsirë → æzsiro (to connect (people))<br />
::::::zipæmë → zipæmo (to play)<br />
::::::æmë → æmo (to stay/remain)<br />
::::::elisnanë → elisnano (to buy)<br />
::::::polæzesë → polæzeso (to lie)<br />
::::::lîvnavë → lînavo (to eat)<br />
::::::nofelë → nofelo (to balance)<br />
::::::dåvíë → dåvío (to release)<br />
==Grammar==<br />
==Morphology==<br />
<!-- How do the words in your language look? How do you derive words from others? Do you have cases? Are verbs inflected? Do nouns differ from adjectives? Do adjectives differ from verbs? Etc. --><br />
<br />
<!-- Here are some example subcategories:<br />
<br />
Nouns<br />
Adjectives<br />
Verbs<br />
Adverbs<br />
Particles<br />
Derivational morphology<br />
<br />
--><br />
<br />
==Syntax==<br />
<br />
<!-- Example: Word order, qualifiers, determinatives, branching, etc. --><br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Conlangs]]</div>Nicolellehttps://linguifex.com/w/index.php?title=N%C3%ADevzi&diff=7033Níevzi2013-05-16T00:24:38Z<p>Nicolelle: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Ambox<br />
| name = private<br />
| subst = <includeonly>{{subst:substcheck}}</includeonly><br />
| small = {{{small|no}}}<br />
| type = rednotice<br />
| image = [[File:private.png|65px]]<br />
| sect = {{{1|}}}<br />
| issue = is '''private'''. The author requests that you do not make changes to this project without approval. By all means, please help fix spelling, grammar and organisation problems, thank you.<br />
| talk = {{{talk|}}}<br />
| date = {{{date|}}}<br />
}}<br />
<br />
<br />
{{language<br />
|name = Nivian<br />
|nativename = Níevzi<br />
|pronunciation = /'ɲevzi/<br />
|spoken = Persirus, Sævíus<br />
|region = Lezsía<br />
|speakers = <!-- The number of speakers of the language. If there are no speakers write "none". --><br />
|rank = <!-- The place of the language on the "List of languages by number of speakers." --><br />
|family = language isolate<br />
|writing = Latin<br />
|official = <!-- Is the language an official language anywhere? If not, write "no official status". --><br />
|regulator = <!-- Does the language have a regulating body? If not, write "unregulated". --><br />
|iso1 = ni<br />
|iso2 = niv<br />
|sil = niv<br />
}}<br />
<br />
<br />
'''Nivian''' (Nivian: '''Níevzi''', /'ɲevzi/) is an a priori language that was the second generation of Siryn languages. Its purpose is to express the complex thoughts of humans in a superior manner.<br />
<br />
<!-- <br />
<br />
This is a short reminder of the language format policy.<br />
<br />
I. Write a short piece stating your intents and purposes when creating the language (Design goal, inspiration, ideas, and so on).<br />
II. Write a short introduction to your language. (Who speaks it? When was it created? By whom? or what? are some example questions that can be answered here)<br />
III. Once done, try making sure everything is properly spelt so as to avoid unnecessary reader fatigue.<br />
<br />
--><br />
<br />
==Background==<br />
The first evidence of Níevzi is from a carved stone discovered in the Íuçol Forest in present-day Pęrsirùs from thousands of years ago, before the Sirina people separated. Experts believe that it belonged to Sirê Zesú's (the creator of the first generation of Sirina languages) grand-successor. It wasn't until about 100 years after the language was created that the Latin alphabet made its way to Siryn. The first generation was very simple and is still used in some parts of Lezsía, /'lɛt͡sja/, (the region consisting of Pęrsirùs and Sævíùs). <br />
<br />
<!-- Design goals, inspiration, ideas, who speaks it?, when was it created?, where does it come from?, any peculiarities? --><br />
<br />
<!-- Example categories/headings: <br />
<br />
Goals<br />
Setting<br />
Inspiration<br />
<br />
--><br />
<br />
<!-- ***Phonology*** --><br />
<!-- What sounds does your language use? --><br />
<!-- Here are some example sub-/other categories:<br />
<br />
Vowel inventory<br />
Consonant inventory<br />
Syllable structure<br />
Stress<br />
Intonation<br />
<br />
--><br />
==Phonology==<br />
<br />
===Consonants===<br />
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 660px; text-align:center;"<br />
! style="width: 68px; "|<br />
! style="width: 68px; " |Bilabial<br />
! style="width: 68px; " |Labio-dental<br />
! style="width: 68px; " |Dental<br />
! style="width: 68px; " |Alveolar<br />
! style="width: 68px; " |Post-alveolar<br />
! style="width: 68px; " |Retroflex<br />
! style="width: 68px; " |Palatal<br />
! style="width: 68px; " |Velar<br />
! style="width: 68px; " |Uvular<br />
! style="width: 68px; " |Glottal<br />
|-<br />
! style="" |Nasal<br />
| style="" |m<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| style="" |n<br />
| style="" |ɲ<br />
| style="" |ŋ<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
|-<br />
! style="" |Plosive<br />
| style="" |p b<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| style="" |t d<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| style="" |k g<br />
| <br />
| <br />
|-<br />
! style="" |Fricative<br />
| style="" |ɸ<br />
| style="" |f v<br />
| style="" |θ ð<br />
| style="" |s v t͡s<br />
| style="" |ʃ ʒ<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| style="" |χ ʁ<br />
| style="" |h<br />
|-<br />
! style="" |Approximant<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| style="" |ɹ<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| style="" |j<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
|-<br />
! style="" |Flap or tap<br />
| <br />
| style="" |ⱱ<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
|-<br />
! style="" |Lateral fric.<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| style="" |ɬ<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
|-<br />
! style="" |Lateral app.<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| style="" |l<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
|}<br />
<br />
===Vowels===<br />
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 540px; text-align:center;"<br />
! style="width: 90px; "|<br />
! style="width: 90px; " |Front<br />
! style="width: 90px; " |Near-front<br />
! style="width: 90px; " |Central<br />
! style="width: 90px; " |Near-back<br />
! style="width: 90px; " |Back<br />
|-<br />
! style="" |Close<br />
| style="" |i<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| style="" |u<br />
|-<br />
! style="" |Near-close<br />
| <br />
| style="" |ɪ<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
|-<br />
! style="" |Close-mid<br />
| style="" |e<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| style="" |o<br />
|-<br />
! style="" |Mid<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| style="" |ə<br />
| <br />
| <br />
|-<br />
! style="" |Open-mid<br />
| style="" |ɛ œ<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
|-<br />
! style="" |Near-open<br />
| style="" |æ<br />
| <br />
| style="" |ɐ<br />
| <br />
| <br />
|-<br />
! style="" |Open<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
|}<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
===Phonotactics===<br />
<!-- Explain the consonant clusters and vowel clusters that are permissible for use in the language. For example, "st" is an allowed consonant cluster in English while onset "ng" isn't. --><br />
There are three types of consonant clusters allowed in the Níevzi language. These occurances are the ONLY time two cononants can be consecutive in the same syllable.<br />
<ul><br />
<li><b>xi</b> /ʃ/ - This cluster can only be used in the beginning of a syllable, but not a word.</li><br />
<li><b>csh</b> /ɬ/ - This cluster can only be used at the beginning of a word.</li><br />
<li><b>zs</b> /t͡s/ - This cluster can be used anywhere in a word or syllable.</li><br />
</ul><br />
<br />
===Orthography===<br />
<!--Explain your conlang's alphabet. Use the International Phonetic Alphabet to describe the sounds of your language. If you are unsure on how to use IPA then visit: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet and read up. --><br />
<br />
<br />
{| {{Table/bluetable}} style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle"<br />
! style="text-align: center;"|'''Letters'''<br />
! style="text-align: center;"|'''Name'''<br />
! style="text-align: center;"|'''Pronunciation'''<br />
! style="text-align: center;"|'''Further informations'''<br />
|-<br />
|Ææ<br />
|al<br />
|/æ/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Aa<br />
|a<br />
|/a/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Ää<br />
|av<br />
|/ɔ/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Åå<br />
|å<br />
|/e/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Bb<br />
|bå<br />
|/b/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Çç<br />
|çå<br />
|/θ/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Ċċ<br />
|ċå<br />
|/ð/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Dd<br />
|då<br />
|/d/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Ee/Ęę<br />
|e<br />
|/ɛ/<br />
|ę is used '''only''' before an r. e is used for every other case<br />
|-<br />
|Ëë<br />
|íë<br />
|/œ/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Ėė<br />
|ë<br />
|/œ/<br />
|A very short "ë" sound. It is mainly used to separate two consecutive consonants<br />
|-<br />
|Ff<br />
|få<br />
|/f/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Gg<br />
|ga<br />
|/g/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Hh<br />
|ha<br />
|/h/<br />
|Exception: It will be pronounced like /χ/ (vl uvular fricative), when it an "a" follows it.<br />
|-<br />
|Ii<br />
|i<br />
|/i/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Íí<br />
|ía<br />
|/j/<br />
| Used *only* before a vowel to add a short "y" sound to it.<br />
|-<br />
|Îî<br />
|î<br />
|/aɪ/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Ʒʒ<br />
|ʒa<br />
|/ʒ/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Kk<br />
|ek<br />
|/k/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Mm<br />
|em<br />
|/m/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Nn<br />
|en<br />
|/n/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Oo<br />
|o<br />
|/o/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Øø<br />
|ío<br />
|/ɔɪ/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Pp<br />
|på<br />
|/p/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Rr<br />
|rå<br />
|/r/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Tt<br />
|ta<br />
|/t/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Uu<br />
|u<br />
|/u/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Ùù<br />
|íù<br />
|/ə/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Vv<br />
|vå<br />
|/ⱱ/<br />
|Exception: It is pronounced like /v/ when it ends a word.<br />
|-<br />
|Ww<br />
|wå<br />
|/w/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Xx<br />
|ax<br />
|/k&#x361;s/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Yy<br />
|yv<br />
|/ɪ/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Zz<br />
|za<br />
|/z/<br />
| -<br />
|}<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
===Dialects===<br />
There are two main dialects: Vef and Lop. They were created after the Siryn Split, when the people who favored a strong, absolute dictatorship moved to present-day Sævíùs, /'sævjəs/, (literally means "powerful land") and the people who favored a limited monarchy moved to present-day Pęrsirùs, /pɛʁ'siʁəs/ (literally means "land of family"). Immediately after the separation, there were many wars between the new nations. However, after a horrible defeat, Sævíùs isolated themselves from all outside influence. As a result, a new dialect of Níevzi was born.<br />
:*'''Vef''' /'vɛf/ - Vef literally translates to "old", since this dialect was the original second-generation. A Níevzi class will be teaching this dialect as it is the one most accepted to be regular "Níevzi". Vef is spoken by a majority of the people in Pęrsirús.<br />
<br />
:*'''Lod''' /'lod/ - Lod literally translates to "new", since this dialect is newer than the original second-generation. This is spoken in Sæviús. The pronunciations of some letters are slightly different and there is an irregular group of verbs that have a different ending from the regular "ë".<br />
::::• æ → pronounced as /aɪ/<br />
::::• å → pronounced as /ɛ/<br />
::::• ë → pronounced as /ə/<br />
::::• -o verb ending in place of "-ë" for the following verbs:<br />
::::::æzsirë → æzsiro (to connect (people))<br />
::::::zipæmë → zipæmo (to play)<br />
::::::æmë → æmo (to stay/remain)<br />
::::::elisnanë → elisnano (to buy)<br />
::::::polæzesë → polæzeso (to lie)<br />
::::::lîvnavë → lînavo (to eat)<br />
::::::nofelë → nofelo (to balance)<br />
::::::dåvíë → dåvío (to release)<br />
==Grammar==<br />
==Morphology==<br />
<!-- How do the words in your language look? How do you derive words from others? Do you have cases? Are verbs inflected? Do nouns differ from adjectives? Do adjectives differ from verbs? Etc. --><br />
<br />
<!-- Here are some example subcategories:<br />
<br />
Nouns<br />
Adjectives<br />
Verbs<br />
Adverbs<br />
Particles<br />
Derivational morphology<br />
<br />
--><br />
<br />
==Syntax==<br />
<br />
<!-- Example: Word order, qualifiers, determinatives, branching, etc. --><br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Conlangs]]</div>Nicolellehttps://linguifex.com/w/index.php?title=N%C3%ADevzi&diff=7021Níevzi2013-05-15T21:58:51Z<p>Nicolelle: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Ambox<br />
| name = private<br />
| subst = <includeonly>{{subst:substcheck}}</includeonly><br />
| small = {{{small|no}}}<br />
| type = rednotice<br />
| image = [[File:private.png|65px]]<br />
| sect = {{{1|}}}<br />
| issue = is '''private'''. The author requests that you do not make changes to this project without approval. By all means, please help fix spelling, grammar and organisation problems, thank you.<br />
| talk = {{{talk|}}}<br />
| date = {{{date|}}}<br />
}}<br />
<br />
<br />
{{language<br />
|name = Nivian<br />
|nativename = Níevzi<br />
|pronunciation = /'ɲevzi/<br />
|spoken = Persirus, Sævíus<br />
|region = Lezsía<br />
|speakers = <!-- The number of speakers of the language. If there are no speakers write "none". --><br />
|rank = <!-- The place of the language on the "List of languages by number of speakers." --><br />
|family = language isolate<br />
|writing = Latin<br />
|official = <!-- Is the language an official language anywhere? If not, write "no official status". --><br />
|regulator = <!-- Does the language have a regulating body? If not, write "unregulated". --><br />
|iso1 = ni<br />
|iso2 = niv<br />
|sil = niv<br />
}}<br />
<br />
<br />
'''Nivian''' (Nivian: '''Níevzi''', /'ɲevzi/) is an a priori language that was the second generation of Siryn languages. Its purpose is to express the complex thoughts of humans in a superior manner.<br />
<br />
<!-- <br />
<br />
This is a short reminder of the language format policy.<br />
<br />
I. Write a short piece stating your intents and purposes when creating the language (Design goal, inspiration, ideas, and so on).<br />
II. Write a short introduction to your language. (Who speaks it? When was it created? By whom? or what? are some example questions that can be answered here)<br />
III. Once done, try making sure everything is properly spelt so as to avoid unnecessary reader fatigue.<br />
<br />
--><br />
<br />
==Background==<br />
The first evidence of Níevzi is from a carved stone discovered in the Íuçol Forest in present-day Pęrsirùs from thousands of years ago, before the Sirina people separated. Experts believe that it belonged to Sirê Zesú's (the creator of the first generation of Sirina languages) grand-successor. It wasn't until about 100 years after the language was created that the Latin alphabet made its way to Siryn. The first generation was very simple and is still used in some parts of Lezsía, /'lɛt͡sja/, (the region consisting of Pęrsirùs and Sævíùs). <br />
<br />
<!-- Design goals, inspiration, ideas, who speaks it?, when was it created?, where does it come from?, any peculiarities? --><br />
<br />
<!-- Example categories/headings: <br />
<br />
Goals<br />
Setting<br />
Inspiration<br />
<br />
--><br />
<br />
<!-- ***Phonology*** --><br />
<!-- What sounds does your language use? --><br />
<!-- Here are some example sub-/other categories:<br />
<br />
Vowel inventory<br />
Consonant inventory<br />
Syllable structure<br />
Stress<br />
Intonation<br />
<br />
--><br />
==Phonology==<br />
<br />
===Consonants===<br />
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 660px; text-align:center;"<br />
! style="width: 68px; "|<br />
! style="width: 68px; " |Bilabial<br />
! style="width: 68px; " |Labio-dental<br />
! style="width: 68px; " |Dental<br />
! style="width: 68px; " |Alveolar<br />
! style="width: 68px; " |Post-alveolar<br />
! style="width: 68px; " |Retroflex<br />
! style="width: 68px; " |Palatal<br />
! style="width: 68px; " |Velar<br />
! style="width: 68px; " |Uvular<br />
! style="width: 68px; " |Glottal<br />
|-<br />
! style="" |Nasal<br />
| style="" |m<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| style="" |n<br />
| style="" |ɲ<br />
| style="" |ŋ<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
|-<br />
! style="" |Plosive<br />
| style="" |p b<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| style="" |t d<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| style="" |k g<br />
| <br />
| <br />
|-<br />
! style="" |Fricative<br />
| style="" |ɸ<br />
| style="" |f v<br />
| style="" |θ ð<br />
| style="" |s v t͡s<br />
| style="" |ʃ ʒ<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| style="" |χ ʁ<br />
| style="" |h<br />
|-<br />
! style="" |Approximant<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| style="" |ɹ<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| style="" |j<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
|-<br />
! style="" |Flap or tap<br />
| <br />
| style="" |ⱱ<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
|-<br />
! style="" |Lateral fric.<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| style="" |ɬ<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
|-<br />
! style="" |Lateral app.<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| style="" |l<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
|}<br />
<br />
===Vowels===<br />
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 540px; text-align:center;"<br />
! style="width: 90px; "|<br />
! style="width: 90px; " |Front<br />
! style="width: 90px; " |Near-front<br />
! style="width: 90px; " |Central<br />
! style="width: 90px; " |Near-back<br />
! style="width: 90px; " |Back<br />
|-<br />
! style="" |Close<br />
| style="" |i<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| style="" |u<br />
|-<br />
! style="" |Near-close<br />
| <br />
| style="" |ɪ<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
|-<br />
! style="" |Close-mid<br />
| style="" |e<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| style="" |o<br />
|-<br />
! style="" |Mid<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| style="" |ə<br />
| <br />
| <br />
|-<br />
! style="" |Open-mid<br />
| style="" |ɛ œ<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
|-<br />
! style="" |Near-open<br />
| style="" |æ<br />
| <br />
| style="" |ɐ<br />
| <br />
| <br />
|-<br />
! style="" |Open<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
|}<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
===Phonotactics===<br />
<!-- Explain the consonant clusters and vowel clusters that are permissible for use in the language. For example, "st" is an allowed consonant cluster in English while onset "ng" isn't. --><br />
There are three types of consonant clusters allowed in the Níevzi language. These occurances are the ONLY time two cononants can be consecutive in the same syllable.<br />
<ul><br />
<li><b>xi</b> /ʃ/ - This cluster can only be used in the beginning of a syllable, but not a word.</li><br />
<li><b>csh</b> /ɬ/ - This cluster can only be used at the beginning of a word.</li><br />
<li><b>zs</b> /t͡s/ - This cluster can be used anywhere in a word or syllable.</li><br />
</ul><br />
<br />
===Orthography===<br />
<!--Explain your conlang's alphabet. Use the International Phonetic Alphabet to describe the sounds of your language. If you are unsure on how to use IPA then visit: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet and read up. --><br />
<br />
<br />
{| {{Table/bluetable}} style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle"<br />
! style="text-align: center;"|'''Letters'''<br />
! style="text-align: center;"|'''Name'''<br />
! style="text-align: center;"|'''Pronunciation'''<br />
! style="text-align: center;"|'''Further informations'''<br />
|-<br />
|Ææ<br />
|al<br />
|/æ/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Aa<br />
|a<br />
|/a/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Ää<br />
|av<br />
|/ɔ/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Åå<br />
|å<br />
|/e/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Bb<br />
|bå<br />
|/b/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Çç<br />
|çå<br />
|/θ/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Ċċ<br />
|ċå<br />
|/ð/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Dd<br />
|då<br />
|/d/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Ee/Ęę<br />
|e<br />
|/ɛ/<br />
|Used interchangeably.<br />
|-<br />
|Ëë<br />
|íë<br />
|/œ/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Ėė<br />
|ë<br />
|/œ/<br />
|A very short "ë" sound. It is mainly used to separate two consecutive consonants<br />
|-<br />
|Ff<br />
|få<br />
|/f/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Gg<br />
|ga<br />
|/g/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Hh<br />
|ha<br />
|/h/<br />
|Exception: It will be pronounced like /χ/ (vl uvular fricative), when it an "a" follows it.<br />
|-<br />
|Ii<br />
|i<br />
|/i/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Íí<br />
|ía<br />
|/j/<br />
| Used *only* before a vowel to add a short "y" sound to it.<br />
|-<br />
|Îî<br />
|î<br />
|ī<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Ʒʒ<br />
|ʒa<br />
|/ʒ/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Kk<br />
|ek<br />
|/k/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Mm<br />
|em<br />
|/m/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Nn<br />
|en<br />
|/n/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Oo<br />
|o<br />
|/o/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Øø<br />
|ío<br />
|//<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Pp<br />
|på<br />
|/p/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Rr<br />
|rå<br />
|/r/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Tt<br />
|ta<br />
|/t/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Uu<br />
|u<br />
|/u/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Ùù<br />
|íù<br />
|/ə/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Vv<br />
|vå<br />
|/ⱱ/<br />
|Exception: It is pronounced like /v/ when it ends a word.<br />
|-<br />
|Ww<br />
|wå<br />
|/w/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Xx<br />
|ax<br />
|/k&#x361;s/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Yy<br />
|yv<br />
|//<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Zz<br />
|za<br />
|/z/<br />
| -<br />
|}<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
===Dialects===<br />
There are two main dialects: Vef and Lop. They were created after the Siryn Split, when the people who favored a strong, absolute dictatorship moved to present-day Sævíùs, /'sævjəs/, (literally means "powerful land") and the people who favored a limited monarchy moved to present-day Pęrsirùs, /pɛʁ'siʁəs/ (literally means "land of family"). Immediately after the separation, there were many wars between the new nations. However, after a horrible defeat, Sævíùs isolated themselves from all outside influence. As a result, a new dialect of Níevzi was born.<br />
:*'''Vef''' /'vɛfa/ - Vef literally translates to "old", since this dialect was the original second-generation. A Níevzi class will be teaching this dialect as it is the one most accepted to be regular "Níevzi". Vef is spoken by a majority of the people in Pęrsirús.<br />
<br />
:*'''Lod''' /'loda/ - Lod literally translates to "new", since this dialect is newer than the original second-generation. This is spoken in Sæviús. The pronunciations of some letters are slightly different and there is an irregular group of verbs that have a different ending from the regular "ë".<br />
==Grammar==<br />
==Morphology==<br />
<!-- How do the words in your language look? How do you derive words from others? Do you have cases? Are verbs inflected? Do nouns differ from adjectives? Do adjectives differ from verbs? Etc. --><br />
<br />
<!-- Here are some example subcategories:<br />
<br />
Nouns<br />
Adjectives<br />
Verbs<br />
Adverbs<br />
Particles<br />
Derivational morphology<br />
<br />
--><br />
<br />
==Syntax==<br />
<br />
<!-- Example: Word order, qualifiers, determinatives, branching, etc. --><br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Conlangs]]</div>Nicolellehttps://linguifex.com/w/index.php?title=N%C3%ADevzi&diff=7006Níevzi2013-05-15T20:27:28Z<p>Nicolelle: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Ambox<br />
| name = private<br />
| subst = <includeonly>{{subst:substcheck}}</includeonly><br />
| small = {{{small|no}}}<br />
| type = rednotice<br />
| image = [[File:private.png|65px]]<br />
| sect = {{{1|}}}<br />
| issue = is '''private'''. The author requests that you do not make changes to this project without approval. By all means, please help fix spelling, grammar and organisation problems, thank you.<br />
| talk = {{{talk|}}}<br />
| date = {{{date|}}}<br />
}}<br />
<br />
<br />
{{language<br />
|name = Nivian<br />
|nativename = Níevzi<br />
|pronunciation = /'ɲevzi/<br />
|spoken = Pirsirus<br />
|region = Eastern Europe<br />
|speakers = <!-- The number of speakers of the language. If there are no speakers write "none". --><br />
|rank = <!-- The place of the language on the "List of languages by number of speakers." --><br />
|family = language isolate<br />
|writing = Latin<br />
|official = <!-- Is the language an official language anywhere? If not, write "no official status". --><br />
|regulator = <!-- Does the language have a regulating body? If not, write "unregulated". --><br />
|iso1 = <!-- The ISO 639-1 code. --><br />
|iso2 = <!-- The ISO 639-2 code. --><br />
|sil = <!-- The SIL definition. --><br />
}}<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<!-- <br />
<br />
This is a short reminder of the language format policy.<br />
<br />
I. Write a short piece stating your intents and purposes when creating the language (Design goal, inspiration, ideas, and so on).<br />
II. Write a short introduction to your language. (Who speaks it? When was it created? By whom? or what? are some example questions that can be answered here)<br />
III. Once done, try making sure everything is properly spelt so as to avoid unnecessary reader fatigue.<br />
<br />
--><br />
<br />
==Background==<br />
Coming Soon...<br />
<br />
<!-- Design goals, inspiration, ideas, who speaks it?, when was it created?, where does it come from?, any peculiarities? --><br />
<br />
<!-- Example categories/headings: <br />
<br />
Goals<br />
Setting<br />
Inspiration<br />
<br />
--><br />
<br />
<!-- ***Phonology*** --><br />
<!-- What sounds does your language use? --><br />
<!-- Here are some example sub-/other categories:<br />
<br />
Vowel inventory<br />
Consonant inventory<br />
Syllable structure<br />
Stress<br />
Intonation<br />
<br />
--><br />
==Phonology==<br />
<br />
===Consonants===<br />
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 660px; text-align:center;"<br />
! style="width: 68px; "|<br />
! style="width: 68px; " |Bilabial<br />
! style="width: 68px; " |Labio-dental<br />
! style="width: 68px; " |Dental<br />
! style="width: 68px; " |Alveolar<br />
! style="width: 68px; " |Post-alveolar<br />
! style="width: 68px; " |Retroflex<br />
! style="width: 68px; " |Palatal<br />
! style="width: 68px; " |Velar<br />
! style="width: 68px; " |Uvular<br />
! style="width: 68px; " |Glottal<br />
|-<br />
! style="" |Nasal<br />
| style="" |m<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| style="" |n<br />
| style="" |ɲ<br />
| style="" |ŋ<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
|-<br />
! style="" |Plosive<br />
| style="" |p b<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| style="" |t d<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| style="" |k g<br />
| <br />
| <br />
|-<br />
! style="" |Fricative<br />
| style="" |ɸ<br />
| style="" |f v<br />
| style="" |θ ð<br />
| style="" |s v t͡s<br />
| style="" |ʃ ʒ<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| style="" |χ ʁ<br />
| style="" |h<br />
|-<br />
! style="" |Approximant<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| style="" |ɹ<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| style="" |j<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
|-<br />
! style="" |Flap or tap<br />
| <br />
| style="" |ⱱ<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
|-<br />
! style="" |Lateral fric.<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| style="" |ɬ<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
|-<br />
! style="" |Lateral app.<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| style="" |l<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
|}<br />
<br />
===Vowels===<br />
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 540px; text-align:center;"<br />
! style="width: 90px; "|<br />
! style="width: 90px; " |Front<br />
! style="width: 90px; " |Near-front<br />
! style="width: 90px; " |Central<br />
! style="width: 90px; " |Near-back<br />
! style="width: 90px; " |Back<br />
|-<br />
! style="" |Close<br />
| style="" |i<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| style="" |u<br />
|-<br />
! style="" |Near-close<br />
| <br />
| style="" |ɪ<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
|-<br />
! style="" |Close-mid<br />
| style="" |e<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| style="" |o<br />
|-<br />
! style="" |Mid<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| style="" |ə<br />
| <br />
| <br />
|-<br />
! style="" |Open-mid<br />
| style="" |ɛ œ<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
|-<br />
! style="" |Near-open<br />
| style="" |æ<br />
| <br />
| style="" |ɐ<br />
| <br />
| <br />
|-<br />
! style="" |Open<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
|}<br />
===Phonotactics===<br />
<!-- Explain the consonant clusters and vowel clusters that are permissible for use in the language. For example, "st" is an allowed consonant cluster in English while onset "ng" isn't. --><br />
There are three types of consonant clusters allowed in the Níevzi language. These occurances are the ONLY time two cononants can be consecutive in the same syllable.<br />
<ul><br />
<li><b>xi</b> /ʃ/ - This cluster can only be used in the beginning of a syllable, but not a word.</li><br />
<li><b>csh</b> /ɬ/ - This cluster can only be used at the beginning of a word.</li><br />
<li><b>zs</b> /t͡s/ - This cluster can be used anywhere in a word or syllable.</li><br />
</ul><br />
<br />
===Orthography===<br />
<!--Explain your conlang's alphabet. Use the International Phonetic Alphabet to describe the sounds of your language. If you are unsure on how to use IPA then visit: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet and read up. --><br />
<br />
<br />
{| {{Table/bluetable}} style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle"<br />
! style="text-align: center;"|'''Letters'''<br />
! style="text-align: center;"|'''Name'''<br />
! style="text-align: center;"|'''Pronunciation'''<br />
! style="text-align: center;"|'''Further informations'''<br />
|-<br />
|Ææ<br />
|al<br />
|/æ/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Aa<br />
|a<br />
|/a/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Ää<br />
|av<br />
|/ɔ/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Åå<br />
|å<br />
|/e/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Bb<br />
|bå<br />
|/b/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Çç<br />
|çå<br />
|/θ/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Ċċ<br />
|ċå<br />
|/ð/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Dd<br />
|då<br />
|/d/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Ee<br />
|e<br />
|/ɛ/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Ęę<br />
|íå<br />
|//<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Ëë<br />
|íë<br />
|/œ/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Ėė<br />
|ë<br />
|/œ/<br />
|A very short "ë" sound. It is mainly used to separate two consecutive consonants<br />
|-<br />
|Ff<br />
|få<br />
|/f/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Gg<br />
|ga<br />
|/g/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Hh<br />
|ha<br />
|/h/<br />
|Exception: It will be pronounced like /χ/ (vl uvular fricative), when it an "a" follows it.<br />
|-<br />
|Ii<br />
|i<br />
|/i/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Íí<br />
|ía<br />
|/j/<br />
| Used *only* before a vowel to add a short "y" sound to it.<br />
|-<br />
|Îî<br />
|î<br />
|ī<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Ʒʒ<br />
|ʒa<br />
|/ʒ/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Kk<br />
|ek<br />
|/k/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Mm<br />
|em<br />
|/m/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Nn<br />
|en<br />
|/n/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Oo<br />
|o<br />
|/o/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Øø<br />
|ío<br />
|//<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Pp<br />
|på<br />
|/p/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Rr<br />
|rå<br />
|/r/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Tt<br />
|ta<br />
|/t/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Uu<br />
|u<br />
|/u/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Ùù<br />
|íù<br />
|/ə/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Vv<br />
|vå<br />
|/ⱱ/<br />
|Exception: It is pronounced like /v/ when it ends a word.<br />
|-<br />
|Ww<br />
|wå<br />
|/w/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Xx<br />
|ax<br />
|/k&#x361;s/<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Yy<br />
|yv<br />
|//<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
|Zz<br />
|za<br />
|/z/<br />
| -<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==Grammar==<br />
==Morphology==<br />
<!-- How do the words in your language look? How do you derive words from others? Do you have cases? Are verbs inflected? Do nouns differ from adjectives? Do adjectives differ from verbs? Etc. --><br />
<br />
<!-- Here are some example subcategories:<br />
<br />
Nouns<br />
Adjectives<br />
Verbs<br />
Adverbs<br />
Particles<br />
Derivational morphology<br />
<br />
--><br />
<br />
==Syntax==<br />
<br />
<!-- Example: Word order, qualifiers, determinatives, branching, etc. --><br />
<br />
[[Category:Conlangs]]</div>Nicolellehttps://linguifex.com/w/index.php?title=N%C3%ADevzi&diff=7001Níevzi2013-05-15T19:25:09Z<p>Nicolelle: Created page with "{{language |name = Nivian |nativename = Níevzi |pronunciation = /'ɲevzi/ |spoken = Pirsirus |region = Eastern Europe |speakers = <!-- The number of speakers of the language...."</p>
<hr />
<div>{{language<br />
|name = Nivian<br />
|nativename = Níevzi<br />
|pronunciation = /'ɲevzi/<br />
|spoken = Pirsirus<br />
|region = Eastern Europe<br />
|speakers = <!-- The number of speakers of the language. If there are no speakers write "none". --><br />
|rank = <!-- The place of the language on the "List of languages by number of speakers." --><br />
|family = language isolate<br />
|writing = Latin<br />
|official = <!-- Is the language an official language anywhere? If not, write "no official status". --><br />
|regulator = <!-- Does the language have a regulating body? If not, write "unregulated". --><br />
|iso1 = <!-- The ISO 639-1 code. --><br />
|iso2 = <!-- The ISO 639-2 code. --><br />
|sil = <!-- The SIL definition. --><br />
}}<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<!-- <br />
<br />
This is a short reminder of the language format policy.<br />
<br />
I. Write a short piece stating your intents and purposes when creating the language (Design goal, inspiration, ideas, and so on).<br />
II. Write a short introduction to your language. (Who speaks it? When was it created? By whom? or what? are some example questions that can be answered here)<br />
III. Once done, try making sure everything is properly spelt so as to avoid unnecessary reader fatigue.<br />
<br />
--><br />
<br />
==Background==<br />
This constructed language was created by Nicole Elle for personal use.<br><br><br />
<br />
<!-- Design goals, inspiration, ideas, who speaks it?, when was it created?, where does it come from?, any peculiarities? --><br />
<br />
<!-- Example categories/headings: <br />
<br />
Goals<br />
Setting<br />
Inspiration<br />
<br />
--><br />
<br />
<!-- ***Phonology*** --><br />
<!-- What sounds does your language use? --><br />
<!-- Here are some example sub-/other categories:<br />
<br />
Vowel inventory<br />
Consonant inventory<br />
Syllable structure<br />
Stress<br />
Intonation<br />
<br />
--><br />
==Phonology==<br />
<br />
===Consonants===<br />
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 660px; text-align:center;"<br />
! style="width: 68px; "|<br />
! style="width: 68px; " |Bilabial<br />
! style="width: 68px; " |Labio-dental<br />
! style="width: 68px; " |Dental<br />
! style="width: 68px; " |Alveolar<br />
! style="width: 68px; " |Post-alveolar<br />
! style="width: 68px; " |Retroflex<br />
! style="width: 68px; " |Palatal<br />
! style="width: 68px; " |Velar<br />
! style="width: 68px; " |Uvular<br />
! style="width: 68px; " |Glottal<br />
|-<br />
! style="" |Nasal<br />
| style="" |m<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| style="" |n<br />
| style="" |ɲ<br />
| style="" |ŋ<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
|-<br />
! style="" |Plosive<br />
| style="" |p b<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| style="" |t d<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| style="" |k g<br />
| <br />
| <br />
|-<br />
! style="" |Fricative<br />
| style="" |ɸ<br />
| style="" |f v<br />
| style="" |θ ð<br />
| style="" |s v t͡s<br />
| style="" |ʃ ʒ<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| style="" |χ ʁ<br />
| style="" |h<br />
|-<br />
! style="" |Approximant<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| style="" |ɹ<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| style="" |j<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
|-<br />
! style="" |Flap or tap<br />
| <br />
| style="" |ⱱ<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
|-<br />
! style="" |Lateral fric.<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| style="" |ɬ ɮ<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
|-<br />
! style="" |Lateral app.<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| style="" |l<br />
| <br />
| style="" |ɭ<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
|}<br />
<br />
===Vowels===<br />
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 540px; text-align:center;"<br />
! style="width: 90px; "|<br />
! style="width: 90px; " |Front<br />
! style="width: 90px; " |Near-front<br />
! style="width: 90px; " |Central<br />
! style="width: 90px; " |Near-back<br />
! style="width: 90px; " |Back<br />
|-<br />
! style="" |Close<br />
| style="" |i<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| style="" |u<br />
|-<br />
! style="" |Near-close<br />
| <br />
| style="" |ɪ<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
|-<br />
! style="" |Close-mid<br />
| style="" |e<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| style="" |o<br />
|-<br />
! style="" |Mid<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| style="" |ə<br />
| <br />
| <br />
|-<br />
! style="" |Open-mid<br />
| style="" |ɛ œ<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
|-<br />
! style="" |Near-open<br />
| style="" |æ<br />
| <br />
| style="" |ɐ<br />
| <br />
| <br />
|-<br />
! style="" |Open<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
|}<br />
===Phonotactics===<br />
<!-- Explain the consonant clusters and vowel clusters that are permissible for use in the language. For example, "st" is an allowed consonant cluster in English while onset "ng" isn't. --><br />
There are three types of consonant clusters allowed in the Níevzi language. These occurances are the ONLY time two cononants can be consecutive in the same syllable.<br />
<ul><br />
<li><b>xi</b> /ʃ/ - This cluster can only be used in the beginning of a syllable, but not a word.</li><br />
<li><b>csh</b> /ɬ/ - This cluster can only be used at the beginning of a word.</li><br />
<li><b>zs</b> /t͡s/ - This cluster can be used anywhere in a word or syllable.</li><br />
</ul><br />
<br />
===Orthography===<br />
<!--Explain your conlang's alphabet. Use the International Phonetic Alphabet to describe the sounds of your language. If you are unsure on how to use IPA then visit: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet and read up. --><br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|-<br />
! style="text-align:right;" | Letter<br />
! Ææ || Aa || Ää || Åå || Bb || Çç || Ċċ || Dd || Ee || Ęę || Ëë || Ėė || Ff || Gg || Hh || Ii || Íí || Îî<br />
|-<br />
! style="text-align:right;" | Name<br />
| al || a || av || å || bå || ça || ċå || då || e || íå || íë || ë || få || ga || ha || i || ía || î<br />
|- class="IPA"<br />
! style="text-align:right;" | Pronunciation ([[International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]])<br />
| /æ/ || /a/ || /ɔ/ || /e/ || /b/ || /ef/ || /ɡeː/ || /haː/ || /iː/ || /kaː/ || /el/ || /em/<br />
|-<br />
! style="text-align:right;" | Letter<br />
! Ʒʒ || Kk || Ll || Mm || Nn || Oo || Øø || Pp || Rr || Ss || Tt || Uu || Ùù || Vv || Ww || Xx || Yy || Zz<br />
|-<br />
! style="text-align:right;" | Name<br />
| ʒa || ek || el || em || en || o || es || på || rå || sa || ta || u || d || vå || wå || ax || yv || za<br />
|- class="IPA"<br />
! style="text-align:right;" | Pronunciation ([[International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]])<br />
| /en/ || /oː/ || /peː/ || /kuː/ || /er/ || /es/ || /teː/ || /uː/ || /eks/ || colspan=2 | /iː ˈɡraika/ || /ˈzeːta/<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==Grammar==<br />
==Morphology==<br />
<!-- How do the words in your language look? How do you derive words from others? Do you have cases? Are verbs inflected? Do nouns differ from adjectives? Do adjectives differ from verbs? Etc. --><br />
<br />
<!-- Here are some example subcategories:<br />
<br />
Nouns<br />
Adjectives<br />
Verbs<br />
Adverbs<br />
Particles<br />
Derivational morphology<br />
<br />
--><br />
<br />
==Syntax==<br />
<br />
<!-- Example: Word order, qualifiers, determinatives, branching, etc. --><br />
<br />
[[Category:Conlangs]]</div>Nicolelle