Linguifex - User contributions [en]

Evonish

2014-07-25T17:47:08Z

OlySlayer:

'''Evonish''' (subject to constant renaming) is a constructed language (for a possible constructed world) mostly limited to my day dreaming and notebooks. It is a-posetriori and influenced primarily by (West) Germanic, (Insular) Celtic, and Russian. Its phoneme inventory is based on [[w:General American pronunciation|General American phonology]]. The wordstock has many influences of [[w:Germanic languages|Germanic languages]], [[w:Celtic languages|Celtic languages]], [[w:Slavic languages|Slavic languages]], and some [[a priori]] vocabulary.

Imagine Germanic tribes such as the Anglo-Saxons and the eastern gathering together with Celts and sailing the Baltic Sea. They landed near modern day Saint Petersburg where they established their own nation-state, absorbing some northern Russian groups.

{{ClassMeter
|Name = Evonish
|NativeName = Evonic (?)
|Type = Fusional
|Alignment = Nominative-Accusative

|adjective = final
|adposition = mixed
|adverb = mixed
|article = final
|relativeclause = mixed
|nounclause = final
|order = V2

|Tonal = No
|Declined = Yes
|Conjugated = Yes
|Genders = Common/Neuter
|NCase = yes
|NNumber = yes
|NDefiniteness = no
|NGender = yes
|VVoice = no
|VMood = yes
|VPerson = yes
|VNumber = yes
|VTense = yes
|VAspect = no

|Phonology=
|NounCases=
|NounDef=
|NounNumbers=
|NounGender=
|VerbPerson=
|VerbNumber=
|VerbAspect=
|VerbTense=
|VerbMood=
|VerbVoice=
|AdjCase= 0
|AdjNumber= 0
|AdjDef= 100
|AdjGen= 0
|AdjComparative= 100
|AdjSuperlative= 100
|Supine=
|Gerund=
|Participle= 100
|Infinitive= 100
|Modality=
|Words=}}

==Objectives==
*to create a poetic, flowing language
*to preserve old Germanic grammar
*to preserve Celtic vocabulary
*to create a left-hand friendly writing system

==Phonology==
Æ-Tensing, a process by which the vowel /æ/ is raised and lengthened to produce /æ̝ˑ/ before a nasal consonant, is in free variation and is merely an allophone. Iotation may feature in the language for a form of inflection. Palatalization occurs in /sk/ consonant clusters rendering them /ʃ/.

===Consonants===
Parenthesis indicate allophones.
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg"
! scope="col" style="width: 66px; text-align: center; "|Bilabial
! scope="col" style="width: 66px; text-align: center; "|Labio-dental
! scope="col" style="width: 66px; text-align: center; "|Dental
! scope="col" style="width: 66px; text-align: center; "|Alveolar
! scope="col" style="width: 66px; text-align: center; "|Post-alveolar
! scope="col" style="width: 66px; text-align: center; "|Palatal
! scope="col" style="width: 66px; text-align: center; "|Labio-velar
! scope="col" style="width: 66px; text-align: center; "|Velar
! scope="col" style="width: 66px; text-align: center; "|Glottal
! scope="col" style="width: 66px; "|
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|m /m/
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|n /n/
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|ŋ /ŋ/
| style="text-align: center;"|
! style="text-align: center; "|Nasal
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|p /p/ b /b/
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|t /t/ d /d/
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|k /k/ g /g/
| style="text-align: center;"|
! style="text-align: center; "|Plosive
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|f /f/ v /v/
| style="text-align: center;"|þ /θ/ ð /ð/
| style="text-align: center;"|s /s/ z /z/
| style="text-align: center;"|c /ʃ/ ʒ /ʒ/
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|x /x/
| style="text-align: center;"|h /h/
! style="text-align: center; "|Fricative
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;" colspan="3"|r /ɹ/
| style="text-align: center;"|j /j/
| style="text-align: center;"|q /ʍ/ w /w/
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
! style="text-align: center; "|Approximant
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|l /l/
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
! style="text-align: center; "|Lateral
|}

===Vowels===
Parenthesis indicate allophones. The following table includes the rhotic vowels as well.
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg"
! scope="col" style="width: 90px; text-align: center; "|Front
! scope="col" style="width: 90px; text-align: center; "|Near-front
! scope="col" style="width: 90px; text-align: center; "|Central
! scope="col" style="width: 90px; text-align: center; "|Near-back
! scope="col" style="width: 90px; text-align: center; "|Back
! scope="col" style="width: 90px; "|
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|í /i/
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|ú /u:/
! style="text-align: center; "|Close
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|i /ɪ/
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|y /ʊ/
| style="text-align: center;"|
! style="text-align: center; "|Near-close
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|é /e:/, /e˞ː/
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|ó /o:/
! style="text-align: center; "|Close-mid
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|e /ə/
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
! style="text-align: center; "|Mid
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|e /ɛ/, /ɛ˞ː/
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|/ɝː/
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|u /ʌ/ '''·''' œ /ɔ/, or /ɔ˞ː/
! style="text-align: center; "|Open-mid
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|æ /æ/ (æ̝ˑ)
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
! style="text-align: center; "|Near-open
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|a /ɑ/, ar /ɑ˞/
! style="text-align: center; "|Open
|}

==Writing==
The writing system is based on a Latin alphabet, which represents the scope of the romance influence on the language. Additionally, the alphabet is greatly modified from the traditional Roman variant with a handful of relatively unique characters. The language may be written from right to left, so long as the capital letter at the beginning of the sentence is at the write, and the form is consistent throughout. The exact phonetic equivalents can be found in the tables above. A tailed z gradually developed to represent the zh sound, now represented by the character ʒ.

The thirty-two letter alphabet is a modified Latin alphabet that contains the following bookstaves:
*æ, a, b, c, d, ð, e, f, g, h i, j, k, l, m, n, ŋ, œ, o, p, q, r, s, t, þ, u, v, w, x, y, z, ʒ.

The archaic characters are ƕ(hwair) and ƿ(Wynn), which represent q and w respectively. The [[IPA for Varevon]] is sorely out of date, and is subject to change soon. Umlauts are written with a diaeresis/umlaut, and doubled vowels indicate long vowels or gemination.

==Pronouns==
Personal pronouns are the most complex. The sole relative pronoun is [TBD].
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 500px; "
! scope="row"|Person
! scope="col"|Number
! scope="col"|Nominative
! scope="col"|Accusative
! scope="col"|Genitive
! scope="col"|Dative
|-
! rowspan="4"|Singular
!First
|
|
|
|
|-
!Second
|
|
|
|
|-
!Common
|
|
|
|
|-
!Neuter
|
|
|
|
|-
! rowspan="3"|Plural
!First
|
|
|
|
|-
!Second
|
|
|
|
|-
!Third
|
|
|
|
|-
!Indefinite
!Reflexive
|
|
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2"|Interrogative
!Common
|
|
|
|
|-
!Neuter
|
|
|
|
|}

==Determiners==
The negative article is understood as indefinite; there is no negative definite article so the verb of the sentence is negated instead. Determines are key to distinguish to distinguishing gender. the E at the end of some determiner plurals is an ancient pluralizing form.

{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 500px; "
! rowspan="2" colspan="2"|Determiners
! colspan="3"|Article
! colspan="2"|Demonstrative
|-
!Definite
!Indefinite
!Negative
!Proximal
!Distal
|-
! rowspan="2"|Common
!Singular
| style="text-align: center; " rowspan=2|
| style="text-align: center; "|
| style="text-align: center; " rowspan=4|
| style="text-align: center; "|
| style="text-align: center; "|
|-
!Plural
| style="text-align: center; "| -
| style="text-align: center; "|
| style="text-align: center; "|
|-
! rowspan="2"|Neuter
!Singular
| style="text-align: center; "|
| style="text-align: center; "|
| style="text-align: center; "|
| style="text-align: center; "|
|-
!Plural
| style="text-align: center; "|
| style="text-align: center; "|
| style="text-align: center; "|
| style="text-align: center; "|
|-
|}

==Table of Correlatives==
Lorem Ipsum.
==Morphology==
===Adjectives===
Certain adjectives decline only in an attributive position; they do not in a predicative position. Cf. [[w:German language|German]] ''die schwarze Magd'' vs ''die Magd ist schwarz''. Some adjectives undergo mutation. Furthermore, there are many common affixes which form adjectives, whose list will be available in time.
===Mutations===
====Ablaut====
In progress
====Grammatischer Wechsel====
The language is descended from Proto-Germanic. Thus it includes Grimm's Law and Verner's Law; however, it retains a unique variant, as does all modern Germanic descendants. It's variant of these two laws creates different sound changes within verb paradigms known as the Grammatischer Wechsel.
Commas indicate the second phoneme occurs in the case of Verner's Law. Phonemes in parenthesis were allophones and innovations in their respective languages.
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg"
!Proto-Indo-European
!Proto-Germanic
!Old Norse
!Old English
!Old High German
!Evonish
|-
!*p
|*ɸ, β
|f
|f (v)
|f, b
|???
|-
|}
====Umlaut====
===Nouns===
Their declension depends upon case and number. The plural genitive ending is used in compound words much like kennings. The umlaut occurs in some plurals, in some cases, and sometimes in whole words. The vocative, instrumental, and locative forms disappeared since Proto-Germanic. A pseudo-vocative form is made with the clitic O' (from Celtic) and uses the zero conjugation.
====Strong====
The vowel a became associated with plural and e with singular. Vowel dropping may be apparent spoken, but it is not written, such as Engel not declining to Eng'la.
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 500px; "
!Strong - Engel (''Angel'')
!Singular
!Plural
|-
!Nominative/Accusative
|Engel
|Engelas
|-
!Genitive
|Engeles
|Engela
|-
!Dative
|Engele
|Engelam
|-
|}
====Weak====
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 500px; "
!Weak - Name (''name'')
!Singular
!Plural
|-
!Nominative/Accusative
|Name
|Namen
|-
!Genitive
|Name(n)s
|Nam(en)a
|-
!Dative
|Namen
|Namen
|-
|}
====Augmentative & Diminutive====
Lots of Stuff here

===Verb===
Verbs or verb forms in quotes are either an English equivalent or a work in progress. The infinitives of the frequentative form are -eln and -ern; these can be made of many verbs. The infinitive form in Evonish is the lemma form of the verb, meaning it is the one used in dictionaries. The primary aspects are simple, perfect, progressive, habitual, and inchoative. Simple aspect is used for:
*Stative verbs
*Gnomic aspect
Further aspects are formed by nonstandard ways or purely by context.
====Copula====
There will be both copular and semi-copular verbs. The copula is the most inflected and suppletive verb in the entire language.
====Paradigms====
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 500px"
|-
!Form
! colspan="2"| Suffix
|-
!Lemma
| colspan="2"|
|-
!Frequentative
| colspan="2"|
|-
!Aspect
!Main
!Auxiliary
|-
!Habitual
|infinitive
|"to do"
|-
!Inchoative
|supine
|"to begin"
|-
!Perfect
|past participle
|"to have"
|-
!Progressive
|present participle
|"to be"
|-
!Tense
!Person
!Auxiliary
|-
! rowspan="3"| Future
|First
|"shall"
|-
|Second
|"will"
|-
|Third
|"go"
|-
|}
The particle [TBD] after the main verb negates the verb. The following table shows the conjugation of the verb fällen, a weak 1 class verb. The auxiliary verbs in the table are the verbs used with the participles to form two different aspects.
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width: 500px; "
! colspan="3"|zdfbzdcb
!
|-
! rowspan="3" |Nonfinite
!Infinitive
|
|
|-
!Gerund
|
|
|-
!Supine
|
|
|-
! rowspan="3" |Participle
!Tense
!Positive
!Negative
|-
!Present
|
|
|-
!Past
|
|
|-
!Mood
!Tense
!Singular
!Plural
|-
! rowspan="6" |Indicative
! rowspan="3" |Present
|
|[TBD]
|-
|
|[TBD]
|-
|
|[TBD]
|-
! rowspan="3" |Past
|
|[TBD]
|-
|[TBD]
|[TBD]
|-
|[TBD]
|[TBD]
|-
! rowspan="2" |Subjunctive
!Nonpast
|
|
|-
!Past
|
|
|-
!Imperative
!Present
|
|
|-
|}
==Syntax==
===Comparisons===
Comparative forms use a particle followed by the noun(s) being compared to. Depending on that noun's case will determine which noun is first making the comparison. These can imply drastically different meanings, for example:

*"He ate pie quicker than '''I'''" would yield "than I ate pie" (in this example the compared noun is in the nominative).
*"He ate pie quicker than '''me'''" would yield "than he ate me" (in this example the compared noun is in the accusative).

===Word Order===
The standard word order is V2; when a phrase, clause, adverb, or adjective precedes the subject for emphasis, the second argument is always the verb. This can be demonstrated in the somewhat archaic or fanciful use "''From the ground'' '''grew''' the tree." Word order is flexible due to conjugations however the primary form for independent clauses is Subject-Verb-Object. Questions without interrogative pronouns(yes or no) have verb first and subject second.
Dependent clauses have a special word order:
*Subject
*Indirect Object
*Direct Object
*Instrument
*Verb.
Relative clauses follow the same pattern as independent clauses when appended to independent clauses and follow the dependent pattern when appended to a dependent clause.

==Dictionary==
{{Kinship
|PaternalGrandMother=
|PaternalGrandFather=
|MaternalGrandMother=
|MaternalGrandFather=
|PaternalAuntsHusband=
|PaternalAunt=
|PaternalUnclesWife=
|PaternalUncle=
|Father=
|Mother=
|PaternalTwinUnclesWife=
|PaternalTwinUncle=
|PaternalYoungerUnclesWife=
|PaternalYoungerUncle=
|PaternalOlderUnclesWife=
|PaternalOlderUncle=
|PaternalTwinAuntsHusband=
|PaternalTwinAunt=
|PaternalYoungerAuntsHusband=
|PaternalYoungerAunt=
|PaternalOlderAuntsHusband=
|PaternalOlderAunt=
|MaternalTwinUnclesWife=
|MaternalTwinUncle=
|MaternalYoungerUnclesWife=
|MaternalYoungerUncle=
|MaternalOlderUnclesWife=
|MaternalOlderUncle=
|MaternalTwinAuntsHusband=
|MaternalTwinAunt=
|MaternalYoungerAuntsHusband=
|MaternalYoungerAunt=
|MaternalOlderAuntsHusband=
|MaternalOlderAunt=
|PaternalTwinUnclesSon=
|PaternalTwinUnclesDaughter=
|PaternalYoungerUnclesSon=
|PaternalYoungerUnclesDaughter=
|PaternalOlderUnclesSon=
|PaternalOlderUnclesDaughter=
|PaternalTwinAuntsSon=
|PaternalTwinAuntsDaughter=
|PaternalYoungerAuntsSon=
|PaternalYoungerAuntsDaughter=
|PaternalOlderAuntsSon=
|PaternalOlderAuntsDaughter=
|MaternalTwinUnclesSon=
|MaternalTwinUnclesDaughter=
|MaternalYoungerUnclesSon=
|MaternalYoungerUnclesDaughter=
|MaternalOlderUnclesSon=
|MaternalOlderUnclesDaughter=
|MaternalTwinAuntsSon=
|MaternalTwinAuntsDaughter=
|MaternalYoungerAuntsSon=
|MaternalYoungerAuntsDaughter=
|MaternalOlderAuntsSon=
|MaternalOlderAuntsDaughter=
|Sister=
|Self=
|Husband=
|Wife=
|LittleSister=
|TwinSister=
|BigSister=
|BigBrother=
|TwinBrother=
|LittleBrother=
|LittleSistersHusband=
|TwinSistersHusband=
|BigSistersHusband=
|BigBrothersWife=
|TwinBrothersWife=
|LittleBrothersWife=
|MaternalAuntsSon=
|MaternalAuntsDaughter=
|MaternalUnclesSon=
|MaternalUnclesDaughter=
|HusbandSon=
|HusbandDaughter=
|WifeSon=
|WifeDaughter=
|TwinSisterNiece=
|TwinSisterNephew=
|LittleSisterNiece=
|LittleSisterNephew=
|BigSisterNiece=
|BigSisterNephew=
|TwinBrotherNiece=
|TwinBrotherNephew=
|LittleBrotherNiece=
|LittleBrotherNephew=
|BigBrotherNiece=
|BigBrotherNephew=
}}

==Example texts==
Lorem Ipsum.
[[Category:Languages]]
[[Category:Conlangs]]
[[Category:A posteriori]]
[[Category:Germanic languages]]
[[Category:Varevonic]]

Evonish

2014-06-22T18:34:30Z

OlySlayer:

'''Evonish''' (subject to constant renaming) is a constructed language (for a possible constructed world) mostly limited to my day dreaming and notebooks. It is a-posetriori and influenced primarily by (West) Germanic, (Insular) Celtic, and Russian. Its phoneme inventory is based on [[w:General American pronunciation|General American phonology]]. The wordstock has many influences of [[w:Germanic languages|Germanic languages]], [[w:Celtic languages|Celtic languages]], [[w:Slavic languages|Slavic languages]], and some [[a priori]] vocabulary.

Imagine Germanic tribes such as the Anglo-Saxons with eastern tribes gathering together with Celts and sailing the Baltic Sea. They landed near modern day Saint Petersburg where they established their own nation, absorbing some northern Russian groups. Essentially, it is the Romania of the Northwest in a sense. Sweet maps of this will be made.

{{ClassMeter
|Name = Evonish
|NativeName = Evonic (?)
|Type = Fusional
|Alignment = Nominative-Accusative

|adjective = final
|adposition = mixed
|adverb = mixed
|article = final
|relativeclause = mixed
|nounclause = final
|order = V2

|Tonal = No
|Declined = Yes
|Conjugated = Yes
|Genders = Common/Neuter
|NCase = yes
|NNumber = yes
|NDefiniteness = no
|NGender = yes
|VVoice = no
|VMood = yes
|VPerson = yes
|VNumber = yes
|VTense = yes
|VAspect = no

|Phonology=
|NounCases=
|NounDef=
|NounNumbers=
|NounGender=
|VerbPerson=
|VerbNumber=
|VerbAspect=
|VerbTense=
|VerbMood=
|VerbVoice=
|AdjCase= 0
|AdjNumber= 0
|AdjDef= 100
|AdjGen= 0
|AdjComparative= 100
|AdjSuperlative= 100
|Supine=
|Gerund=
|Participle= 100
|Infinitive= 100
|Modality=
|Words=}}

==Objectives==
*to create a poetic, flowing language
*to preserve old Germanic grammar
*to preserve Celtic vocabulary
*to create a left-hand friendly writing system

==Phonology==
Æ-Tensing, a process by which the vowel /æ/ is raised and lengthened to produce /æ̝ˑ/ before a nasal consonant, is in free variation and is merely an allophone. Iotation may feature in the language for a form of inflection. Palatalization occurs in /sk/ consonant clusters rendering them /ʃ/.

===Consonants===
Parenthesis indicate allophones.
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg"
! scope="col" style="width: 66px; text-align: center; "|Bilabial
! scope="col" style="width: 66px; text-align: center; "|Labio-dental
! scope="col" style="width: 66px; text-align: center; "|Dental
! scope="col" style="width: 66px; text-align: center; "|Alveolar
! scope="col" style="width: 66px; text-align: center; "|Post-alveolar
! scope="col" style="width: 66px; text-align: center; "|Palatal
! scope="col" style="width: 66px; text-align: center; "|Labio-velar
! scope="col" style="width: 66px; text-align: center; "|Velar
! scope="col" style="width: 66px; text-align: center; "|Glottal
! scope="col" style="width: 66px; "|
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|m /m/
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|n /n/
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|ŋ /ŋ/
| style="text-align: center;"|
! style="text-align: center; "|Nasal
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|p /p/ b /b/
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|t /t/ d /d/
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|k /k/ g /g/
| style="text-align: center;"|
! style="text-align: center; "|Plosive
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|f /f/ v /v/
| style="text-align: center;"|þ /θ/ ð /ð/
| style="text-align: center;"|s /s/ z /z/
| style="text-align: center;"|c, ʃ, š /ʃ/ ž, ʒ /ʒ/
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|x /x/
| style="text-align: center;"|h /h/
! style="text-align: center; "|Fricative
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;" colspan="3"|r /ɹ/
| style="text-align: center;"|j /j/
| style="text-align: center;"|q /ʍ/ w /w/
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
! style="text-align: center; "|Approximant
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|l /l/
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
! style="text-align: center; "|Lateral
|}

===Vowels===
Parenthesis indicate allophones. The following table includes the rhotic vowels as well.
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg"
! scope="col" style="width: 90px; text-align: center; "|Front
! scope="col" style="width: 90px; text-align: center; "|Near-front
! scope="col" style="width: 90px; text-align: center; "|Central
! scope="col" style="width: 90px; text-align: center; "|Near-back
! scope="col" style="width: 90px; text-align: center; "|Back
! scope="col" style="width: 90px; "|
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|i /i/
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|u /u/
! style="text-align: center; "|Close
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|i /ɪ/
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|y /ʊ/
| style="text-align: center;"|
! style="text-align: center; "|Near-close
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|e /e/, /e˞ː/
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|o /o/
! style="text-align: center; "|Close-mid
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|e /ə/
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
! style="text-align: center; "|Mid
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|e /ɛ/, /ɛ˞ː/
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|/ɝː/
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|u /ʌ/ '''·''' /ɔ/, or /ɔ˞ː/
! style="text-align: center; "|Open-mid
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|a /æ/ (æ̝ˑ)
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
! style="text-align: center; "|Near-open
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|a /ɑ/, ar /ɑ˞/
! style="text-align: center; "|Open
|}

==Writing==
The writing system may be from right to left. The thirty letter alphabet is a modified Latin alphabet that contains the following bookstaves:
*a, b, c, d, ð, e, f, g, h i, j, k, l, m, n, ŋ, o, p, q (ƕ), r, s, t, þ, u, v, w (ƿ), x, y, z

For how to represent the phonemes /ʃ/ and /ʒ/ there are currently multiple methods.

The [[IPA for Varevon]] is sorely out of date, and is subject to change soon. Umlauts are written with a diaeresis/umlaut, and doubled vowels indicate long vowels or gemination.

==Pronouns==
Personal pronouns are the most complex. The sole relative pronoun is [TBD].
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 500px; "
! scope="row"|Person
! scope="col"|Number
! scope="col"|Nominative
! scope="col"|Accusative
! scope="col"|Genitive
! scope="col"|Dative
|-
! rowspan="4"|Singular
!First
|Ik
|Mek
|Meyn
|Mee
|-
!Second
|Ðǔ
|Ðek
|Ðeyn
|Ðee
|-
!Common
|Sey
|
|
|
|-
!Neuter
|Hit
|Hin
|His
|Him
|-
! rowspan="3"|Plural
!First
|Wee
|Uns
|
|
|-
!Second
|Jee
|
|
|
|-
!Third
|Hee
|Hen
|Her
|Hem
|-
!Indefinite
!Reflexive
|
|Sek
|Seyn
|See
|-
! rowspan="2"|Interrogative
!Common
|
|
|
|
|-
!Neuter
|
|
|
|
|}

==Determiners==
The negative article is understood as indefinite; there is no negative definite article so the verb of the sentence is negated instead. Determines are key to distinguish to distinguishing gender. the E at the end of some determiner plurals is an ancient pluralizing form.

{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 500px; "
! rowspan="2" colspan="2"|Determiners
! colspan="3"|Article
! colspan="2"|Demonstrative
|-
!Definite
!Indefinite
!Negative
!Proximal
!Distal
|-
! rowspan="2"|Common
!Singular
| style="text-align: center; " rowspan=2|Ðee
| style="text-align: center; "|Een
| style="text-align: center; " rowspan=4|Neen
| style="text-align: center; "|Ðis
| style="text-align: center; "|Jeen
|-
!Plural
| style="text-align: center; "| -
| style="text-align: center; "|Ðise
| style="text-align: center; "|Jeene
|-
! rowspan="2"|Neuter
!Singular
| style="text-align: center; "|Ðat
| style="text-align: center; "|Een
| style="text-align: center; "|Ðit
| style="text-align: center; "|Jeen
|-
!Plural
| style="text-align: center; "|Ðoo
| style="text-align: center; "|Sum
| style="text-align: center; "|Ðite
| style="text-align: center; "|Jeene
|-
|}

==Table of Correlatives==
Lorem Ipsum.
==Morphology==
===Adjectives===
Certain adjectives decline only in an attributive position; they do not in a predicative position. Cf. [[w:German language|German]] ''die schwarze Magd'' vs ''die Magd ist schwarz''. Some adjectives undergo mutation. Furthermore, there are many common affixes which form adjectives, whose list will be available in time.
===Mutations===
====Ablaut====
In progress
====Grammatischer Wechsel====
The language is descended from Proto-Germanic. Thus it includes Grimm's Law and Verner's Law; however, it retains a unique variant, as does all modern Germanic descendants. It's variant of these two laws creates different sound changes within verb paradigms known as the Grammatischer Wechsel.
Commas indicate the second phoneme occurs in the case of Verner's Law. Phonemes in parenthesis were allophones and innovations in their respective languages.
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg"
!Proto-Indo-European
!Proto-Germanic
!Old Norse
!Old English
!Old High German
!Evonish
|-
!*p
|*ɸ, β
|f
|f (v)
|f, b
|???
|-
|}
====Umlaut====
===Nouns===
Their declension depends upon case and number. The plural genitive ending is used in compound words much like kennings. The umlaut occurs in some plurals, in some cases, and sometimes in whole words. The vocative, instrumental, and locative forms disappeared since Proto-Germanic. A pseudo-vocative form is made with the clitic O' (from Celtic) and uses the zero conjugation.
====Strong====
The vowel a became associated with plural and e with singular. Vowel dropping may be apparent spoken, but it is not written, such as Engel not declining to Eng'la.
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 500px; "
!Strong - Engel (''Angel'')
!Singular
!Plural
|-
!Nominative/Accusative
|Engel
|Engelas
|-
!Genitive
|Engeles
|Engela
|-
!Dative
|Engele
|Engelam
|-
|}
====Weak====
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 500px; "
!Weak - Name (''name'')
!Singular
!Plural
|-
!Nominative/Accusative
|Name
|Namen
|-
!Genitive
|Name(n)s
|Nam(en)a
|-
!Dative
|Namen
|Namen
|-
|}
====Augmentative & Diminutive====
Lots of Stuff here

===Verb===
Verbs or verb forms in quotes are either an English equivalent or a work in progress. The infinitives of the frequentative form are -eln and -ern; these can be made of many verbs. The infinitive form in Evonish is the lemma form of the verb, meaning it is the one used in dictionaries. The primary aspects are simple, perfect, progressive, habitual, and inchoative. Simple aspect is used for:
*Stative verbs
*Gnomic aspect
Further aspects are formed by nonstandard ways or purely by context.
====Copula====
There will be both copular and semi-copular verbs. The copula is the most inflected and suppletive verb in the entire language.
====Paradigms====
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 500px"
|-
!Form
! colspan="2"| Suffix
|-
!Lemma
| colspan="2"|
|-
!Frequentative
| colspan="2"|
|-
!Aspect
!Main
!Auxiliary
|-
!Habitual
|infinitive
|"to do"
|-
!Inchoative
|supine
|"to begin"
|-
!Perfect
|past participle
|"to have"
|-
!Progressive
|present participle
|"to be"
|-
!Tense
!Person
!Auxiliary
|-
! rowspan="3"| Future
|First
|"shall"
|-
|Second
|"will"
|-
|Third
|"go"
|-
|}
The particle [TBD] after the main verb negates the verb. The following table shows the conjugation of the verb fällen, a weak 1 class verb. The auxiliary verbs in the table are the verbs used with the participles to form two different aspects.
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width: 500px; "
! colspan="3"|zdfbzdcb
!
|-
! rowspan="3" |Nonfinite
!Infinitive
|
|
|-
!Gerund
|
|
|-
!Supine
|
|
|-
! rowspan="3" |Participle
!Tense
!Positive
!Negative
|-
!Present
|
|
|-
!Past
|
|
|-
!Mood
!Tense
!Singular
!Plural
|-
! rowspan="6" |Indicative
! rowspan="3" |Present
|
|[TBD]
|-
|
|[TBD]
|-
|
|[TBD]
|-
! rowspan="3" |Past
|
|[TBD]
|-
|[TBD]
|[TBD]
|-
|[TBD]
|[TBD]
|-
! rowspan="2" |Subjunctive
!Nonpast
|
|
|-
!Past
|
|
|-
!Imperative
!Present
|
|
|-
|}
==Syntax==
===Comparisons===
Comparative forms use a particle followed by the noun(s) being compared to. Depending on that noun's case will determine which noun is first making the comparison. These can imply drastically different meanings, for example:

*"He ate pie quicker than '''I'''" would yield "than I ate pie" (in this example the compared noun is in the nominative).
*"He ate pie quicker than '''me'''" would yield "than he ate me" (in this example the compared noun is in the accusative).

===Word Order===
The standard word order is V2; when a phrase, clause, adverb, or adjective precedes the subject for emphasis, the second argument is always the verb. This can be demonstrated in the somewhat archaic or fanciful use "''From the ground'' '''grew''' the tree." Word order is flexible due to conjugations however the primary form for independent clauses is Subject-Verb-Object. Questions without interrogative pronouns(yes or no) have verb first and subject second.
Dependent clauses have a special word order:
*Subject
*Indirect Object
*Direct Object
*Instrument
*Verb.
Relative clauses follow the same pattern as independent clauses when appended to independent clauses and follow the dependent pattern when appended to a dependent clause.

==Dictionary==
{{Kinship
|PaternalGrandMother=
|PaternalGrandFather=
|MaternalGrandMother=
|MaternalGrandFather=
|PaternalAuntsHusband=
|PaternalAunt=
|PaternalUnclesWife=
|PaternalUncle=
|Father=
|Mother=
|PaternalTwinUnclesWife=
|PaternalTwinUncle=
|PaternalYoungerUnclesWife=
|PaternalYoungerUncle=
|PaternalOlderUnclesWife=
|PaternalOlderUncle=
|PaternalTwinAuntsHusband=
|PaternalTwinAunt=
|PaternalYoungerAuntsHusband=
|PaternalYoungerAunt=
|PaternalOlderAuntsHusband=
|PaternalOlderAunt=
|MaternalTwinUnclesWife=
|MaternalTwinUncle=
|MaternalYoungerUnclesWife=
|MaternalYoungerUncle=
|MaternalOlderUnclesWife=
|MaternalOlderUncle=
|MaternalTwinAuntsHusband=
|MaternalTwinAunt=
|MaternalYoungerAuntsHusband=
|MaternalYoungerAunt=
|MaternalOlderAuntsHusband=
|MaternalOlderAunt=
|PaternalTwinUnclesSon=
|PaternalTwinUnclesDaughter=
|PaternalYoungerUnclesSon=
|PaternalYoungerUnclesDaughter=
|PaternalOlderUnclesSon=
|PaternalOlderUnclesDaughter=
|PaternalTwinAuntsSon=
|PaternalTwinAuntsDaughter=
|PaternalYoungerAuntsSon=
|PaternalYoungerAuntsDaughter=
|PaternalOlderAuntsSon=
|PaternalOlderAuntsDaughter=
|MaternalTwinUnclesSon=
|MaternalTwinUnclesDaughter=
|MaternalYoungerUnclesSon=
|MaternalYoungerUnclesDaughter=
|MaternalOlderUnclesSon=
|MaternalOlderUnclesDaughter=
|MaternalTwinAuntsSon=
|MaternalTwinAuntsDaughter=
|MaternalYoungerAuntsSon=
|MaternalYoungerAuntsDaughter=
|MaternalOlderAuntsSon=
|MaternalOlderAuntsDaughter=
|Sister=
|Self=
|Husband=
|Wife=
|LittleSister=
|TwinSister=
|BigSister=
|BigBrother=
|TwinBrother=
|LittleBrother=
|LittleSistersHusband=
|TwinSistersHusband=
|BigSistersHusband=
|BigBrothersWife=
|TwinBrothersWife=
|LittleBrothersWife=
|MaternalAuntsSon=
|MaternalAuntsDaughter=
|MaternalUnclesSon=
|MaternalUnclesDaughter=
|HusbandSon=
|HusbandDaughter=
|WifeSon=
|WifeDaughter=
|TwinSisterNiece=
|TwinSisterNephew=
|LittleSisterNiece=
|LittleSisterNephew=
|BigSisterNiece=
|BigSisterNephew=
|TwinBrotherNiece=
|TwinBrotherNephew=
|LittleBrotherNiece=
|LittleBrotherNephew=
|BigBrotherNiece=
|BigBrotherNephew=
}}

==Example texts==
Lorem Ipsum.
[[Category:Languages]]
[[Category:Conlangs]]
[[Category:A posteriori]]
[[Category:Germanic languages]]
[[Category:Varevonic]]

Evonish

2014-06-22T07:58:05Z

OlySlayer:

'''Evonish''' (subject to constant renaming) is a constructed language (for a possible constructed world) mostly limited to my day dreaming and notebooks. It is a-posetriori and influenced primarily by (West) Germanic, (Insular) Celtic, and Russian. Its phoneme inventory is based on [[w:General American pronunciation|General American phonology]]. The wordstock has many influences of [[w:Germanic languages|Germanic languages]], [[w:Celtic languages|Celtic languages]], [[w:Slavic languages|Slavic languages]], and some [[a priori]] vocabulary.

Imagine Germanic tribes such as the Anglo-Saxons with eastern tribes gathering together with Celts and sailing the Baltic Sea. They landed near modern day Saint Petersburg where they established their own nation, absorbing some northern Russian groups. Essentially, it is the Romania of the Northwest in a sense. Sweet maps of this will be made.

{{ClassMeter
|Name = Evonish
|NativeName = Evonic (?)
|Type = Fusional
|Alignment = Nominative-Accusative

|adjective = final
|adposition = mixed
|adverb = mixed
|article = final
|relativeclause = mixed
|nounclause = final
|order = V2

|Tonal = No
|Declined = Yes
|Conjugated = Yes
|Genders = Common/Neuter
|NCase = yes
|NNumber = yes
|NDefiniteness = no
|NGender = yes
|VVoice = no
|VMood = yes
|VPerson = yes
|VNumber = yes
|VTense = yes
|VAspect = no

|Phonology=
|NounCases=
|NounDef=
|NounNumbers=
|NounGender=
|VerbPerson=
|VerbNumber=
|VerbAspect=
|VerbTense=
|VerbMood=
|VerbVoice=
|AdjCase= 0
|AdjNumber= 0
|AdjDef= 100
|AdjGen= 0
|AdjComparative= 100
|AdjSuperlative= 100
|Supine=
|Gerund=
|Participle= 100
|Infinitive= 100
|Modality=
|Words=}}

==Objectives==
*to create a poetic, flowing language
*to preserve old Germanic grammar
*to preserve Celtic vocabulary
*to create a left-hand friendly writing system

Previous Task: Define Goals -->
'''Current Task: Determine Consonants''' -->
Next Task: Determine Vowels

==Phonology==
Æ-Tensing, a process by which the vowel /æ/ is raised and lengthened to produce /æ̝ˑ/ before a nasal consonant, is in free variation and is merely an allophone. Iotation may feature in the language for a form of inflection. Palatalization occurs in /sk/ consonant clusters rendering them /ʃ/.

===Consonants===
Parenthesis indicate allophones.
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg"
! scope="col" style="width: 66px; text-align: center; "|Bilabial
! scope="col" style="width: 66px; text-align: center; "|Labio-dental
! scope="col" style="width: 66px; text-align: center; "|Dental
! scope="col" style="width: 66px; text-align: center; "|Alveolar
! scope="col" style="width: 66px; text-align: center; "|Post-alveolar
! scope="col" style="width: 66px; text-align: center; "|Palatal
! scope="col" style="width: 66px; text-align: center; "|Labio-velar
! scope="col" style="width: 66px; text-align: center; "|Velar
! scope="col" style="width: 66px; text-align: center; "|Glottal
! scope="col" style="width: 66px; "|
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|m /m/
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|n /n/
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|ŋ /ŋ/
| style="text-align: center;"|
! style="text-align: center; "|Nasal
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|p /p/ b /b/
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|t /t/ d /d/
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|k /k/ g /g/
| style="text-align: center;"|
! style="text-align: center; "|Plosive
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|f /f/ v /v/
| style="text-align: center;"|þ /θ/ ð /ð/
| style="text-align: center;"|s /s/ z /z/
| style="text-align: center;"|c /ʃ/ /ʒ/
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|x /x/
| style="text-align: center;"|h /h/
! style="text-align: center; "|Fricative
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;" colspan="3"|r /ɹ/
| style="text-align: center;"|j /j/
| style="text-align: center;"|q /ʍ/ w /w/
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
! style="text-align: center; "|Approximant
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|l /l/
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
! style="text-align: center; "|Lateral
|}

===Vowels===
Parenthesis indicate allophones. The following table includes the rhotic vowels as well.
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg"
! scope="col" style="width: 90px; text-align: center; "|Front
! scope="col" style="width: 90px; text-align: center; "|Near-front
! scope="col" style="width: 90px; text-align: center; "|Central
! scope="col" style="width: 90px; text-align: center; "|Near-back
! scope="col" style="width: 90px; text-align: center; "|Back
! scope="col" style="width: 90px; "|
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|i /i/
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|u /u/
! style="text-align: center; "|Close
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|i /ɪ/
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|y /ʊ/
| style="text-align: center;"|
! style="text-align: center; "|Near-close
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|e /e/, er /e˞ː/
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|o /o/
! style="text-align: center; "|Close-mid
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|e /ə/
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
! style="text-align: center; "|Mid
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|e /ɛ/, er /ɛ˞ː/
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|ur /ɝː/
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|u /ʌ/ '''·''' /ɔ/, or /ɔ˞ː/
! style="text-align: center; "|Open-mid
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|a /æ/ (æ̝ˑ)
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
! style="text-align: center; "|Near-open
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|a /ɑ/, ar /ɑ˞/
! style="text-align: center; "|Open
|}

==Writing==
The writing system may be from right to left. The thirty letter alphabet is a modified Latin alphabet that contains the following bookstaves:
*a, b, c, d, ð, e, f, g, h i, j, k, l, m, n, ŋ, o, p, q (ƕ), r, s, t, þ, u, v, w (ƿ), x, y, z

*ṡ /ʃ/, ż /ʒ/

The [[IPA for Varevon]] is sorely out of date, and is subject to change soon. A dot is placed over s and z which changes them to distinct, but related sounds; these are regarded as separate letters. Umlauts are written with a diaeresis/umlaut, and doubled vowels indicate long vowels or gemination.

==Pronouns==
Personal pronouns are the most complex. The sole relative pronoun is [TBD].
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 500px; "
! scope="row"|Person
! scope="col"|Number
! scope="col"|Nominative
! scope="col"|Accusative
! scope="col"|Genitive
! scope="col"|Dative
|-
! rowspan="4"|Singular
!First
|Ik
|Mek
|Meyn
|Mě
|-
!Second
|Ðǔ
|Ðek
|Ðeyn
|Ðě
|-
!Common
|Sey
|
|
|
|-
!Neuter
|Hit
|Hin
|His
|Him
|-
! rowspan="3"|Plural
!First
|Wě
|Uns
|
|
|-
!Second
|Jě
|
|
|
|-
!Third
|Hě
|Hen
|Her
|Hem
|-
!Indefinite
!Reflexive
|
|Sek
|Seyn
|Sě
|-
! rowspan="2"|Interrogative
!Common
|
|
|
|
|-
!Neuter
|
|
|
|
|}

==Determiners==
The negative article is understood as indefinite; there is no negative definite article so the verb of the sentence is negated instead. Determines are key to distinguish to distinguishing gender. the E at the end of some determiner plurals is an ancient pluralizing form.

{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 500px; "
! rowspan="2" colspan="2"|Determiners
! colspan="3"|Article
! colspan="2"|Demonstrative
|-
!Definite
!Indefinite
!Negative
!Proximal
!Distal
|-
! rowspan="2"|Common
!Singular
| style="text-align: center; " rowspan=2|Ðee
| style="text-align: center; "|Een
| style="text-align: center; " rowspan=4|Neen
| style="text-align: center; "|Ðis
| style="text-align: center; "|Jeen
|-
!Plural
| style="text-align: center; "| -
| style="text-align: center; "|Ðise
| style="text-align: center; "|Jeene
|-
! rowspan="2"|Neuter
!Singular
| style="text-align: center; "|Ðat
| style="text-align: center; "|Een
| style="text-align: center; "|Ðit
| style="text-align: center; "|Jeen
|-
!Plural
| style="text-align: center; "|Ðoo
| style="text-align: center; "|Sum
| style="text-align: center; "|Ðite
| style="text-align: center; "|Jeene
|-
|}

==Table of Correlatives==
Lorem Ipsum.
==Morphology==
===Adjectives===
Certain adjectives decline only in an attributive position; they do not in a predicative position. Cf. [[w:German language|German]] ''die schwarze Magd'' vs ''die Magd ist schwarz''. Some adjectives undergo mutation. Furthermore, there are many common affixes which form adjectives, whose list will be available in time.
===Mutations===
====Ablaut====
In progress
====Grammatischer Wechsel====
The language is descended from Proto-Germanic. Thus it includes Grimm's Law and Verner's Law; however, it retains a unique variant, as does all modern Germanic descendants. It's variant of these two laws creates different sound changes within verb paradigms known as the Grammatischer Wechsel.
Commas indicate the second phoneme occurs in the case of Verner's Law. Phonemes in parenthesis were allophones and innovations in their respective languages.
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg"
!Proto-Indo-European
!Proto-Germanic
!Old Norse
!Old English
!Old High German
!Evonish
|-
!*p
|*ɸ, β
|f
|f (v)
|f, b
|???
|-
|}
====Umlaut====
===Nouns===
Their declension depends upon case and number. The plural genitive ending is used in compound words much like kennings. The umlaut occurs in some plurals, in some cases, and sometimes in whole words. The vocative, instrumental, and locative forms disappeared since Proto-Germanic. A pseudo-vocative form is made with the clitic O' (from Celtic) and uses the zero conjugation.
====Strong====
The vowel a became associated with plural and e with singular. Vowel dropping may be apparent spoken, but it is not written, such as Engel not declining to Eng'la.
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 500px; "
!Strong - Engel (''Angel'')
!Singular
!Plural
|-
!Nominative/Accusative
|Engel
|Engelas
|-
!Genitive
|Engeles
|Engela
|-
!Dative
|Engele
|Engelam
|-
|}
====Weak====
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 500px; "
!Weak - Name (''name'')
!Singular
!Plural
|-
!Nominative/Accusative
|Name
|Namen
|-
!Genitive
|Name(n)s
|Nam(en)a
|-
!Dative
|Namen
|Namen
|-
|}
====Augmentative & Diminutive====
Lots of Stuff here

===Verb===
Verbs or verb forms in quotes are either an English equivalent or a work in progress. The infinitives of the frequentative form are -eln and -ern; these can be made of many verbs. The infinitive form in Evonish is the lemma form of the verb, meaning it is the one used in dictionaries. The primary aspects are simple, perfect, progressive, habitual, and inchoative. Simple aspect is used for:
*Stative verbs
*Gnomic aspect
Further aspects are formed by nonstandard ways or purely by context.
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 500px"
|-
!Form
! colspan="2"| Suffix
|-
!Lemma
| colspan="2"|
|-
!Frequentative
| colspan="2"|
|-
!Aspect
!Main
!Auxiliary
|-
!Habitual
|infinitive
|"to do"
|-
!Inchoative
|supine
|"to begin"
|-
!Perfect
|past participle
|"to have"
|-
!Progressive
|present participle
|"to be"
|-
!Tense
!Person
!Auxiliary
|-
! rowspan="3"| Future
|First
|"shall"
|-
|Second
|"will"
|-
|Third
|"go"
|-
|}
The particle [TBD] after the main verb negates the verb. The following table shows the conjugation of the verb fällen, a weak 1 class verb. The auxiliary verbs in the table are the verbs used with the participles to form two different aspects.
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width: 500px; "
! colspan="3"|zdfbzdcb
!
|-
! rowspan="3" |Nonfinite
!Infinitive
|
|
|-
!Gerund
|
|
|-
!Supine
|
|
|-
! rowspan="3" |Participle
!Tense
!Positive
!Negative
|-
!Present
|
|
|-
!Past
|
|
|-
!Mood
!Tense
!Singular
!Plural
|-
! rowspan="6" |Indicative
! rowspan="3" |Present
|
|[TBD]
|-
|
|[TBD]
|-
|
|[TBD]
|-
! rowspan="3" |Past
|
|[TBD]
|-
|[TBD]
|[TBD]
|-
|[TBD]
|[TBD]
|-
! rowspan="2" |Subjunctive
!Nonpast
|
|
|-
!Past
|
|
|-
!Imperative
!Present
|
|
|-
|}
==Syntax==
===Comparisons===
Comparative forms use a particle followed by the noun(s) being compared to. Depending on that noun's case will determine which noun is first making the comparison. These can imply drastically different meanings, for example:

*"He ate pie quicker than '''I'''" would yield "than I ate pie" (in this example the compared noun is in the nominative).
*"He ate pie quicker than '''me'''" would yield "than he ate me" (in this example the compared noun is in the accusative).

===Word Order===
The standard word order is V2; when a phrase, clause, adverb, or adjective precedes the subject for emphasis, the second argument is always the verb. This can be demonstrated in the somewhat archaic or fanciful use "''From the ground'' '''grew''' the tree." Word order is flexible due to conjugations however the primary form for independent clauses is Subject-Verb-Object. Questions without interrogative pronouns(yes or no) have verb first and subject second.
Dependent clauses have a special word order:
*Subject
*Indirect Object
*Direct Object
*Instrument
*Verb.
Relative clauses follow the same pattern as independent clauses when appended to independent clauses and follow the dependent pattern when appended to a dependent clause.

==Dictionary==
{{Kinship
|PaternalGrandMother=
|PaternalGrandFather=
|MaternalGrandMother=
|MaternalGrandFather=
|PaternalAuntsHusband=
|PaternalAunt=
|PaternalUnclesWife=
|PaternalUncle=
|Father=
|Mother=
|PaternalTwinUnclesWife=
|PaternalTwinUncle=
|PaternalYoungerUnclesWife=
|PaternalYoungerUncle=
|PaternalOlderUnclesWife=
|PaternalOlderUncle=
|PaternalTwinAuntsHusband=
|PaternalTwinAunt=
|PaternalYoungerAuntsHusband=
|PaternalYoungerAunt=
|PaternalOlderAuntsHusband=
|PaternalOlderAunt=
|MaternalTwinUnclesWife=
|MaternalTwinUncle=
|MaternalYoungerUnclesWife=
|MaternalYoungerUncle=
|MaternalOlderUnclesWife=
|MaternalOlderUncle=
|MaternalTwinAuntsHusband=
|MaternalTwinAunt=
|MaternalYoungerAuntsHusband=
|MaternalYoungerAunt=
|MaternalOlderAuntsHusband=
|MaternalOlderAunt=
|PaternalTwinUnclesSon=
|PaternalTwinUnclesDaughter=
|PaternalYoungerUnclesSon=
|PaternalYoungerUnclesDaughter=
|PaternalOlderUnclesSon=
|PaternalOlderUnclesDaughter=
|PaternalTwinAuntsSon=
|PaternalTwinAuntsDaughter=
|PaternalYoungerAuntsSon=
|PaternalYoungerAuntsDaughter=
|PaternalOlderAuntsSon=
|PaternalOlderAuntsDaughter=
|MaternalTwinUnclesSon=
|MaternalTwinUnclesDaughter=
|MaternalYoungerUnclesSon=
|MaternalYoungerUnclesDaughter=
|MaternalOlderUnclesSon=
|MaternalOlderUnclesDaughter=
|MaternalTwinAuntsSon=
|MaternalTwinAuntsDaughter=
|MaternalYoungerAuntsSon=
|MaternalYoungerAuntsDaughter=
|MaternalOlderAuntsSon=
|MaternalOlderAuntsDaughter=
|Sister=
|Self=
|Husband=
|Wife=
|LittleSister=
|TwinSister=
|BigSister=
|BigBrother=
|TwinBrother=
|LittleBrother=
|LittleSistersHusband=
|TwinSistersHusband=
|BigSistersHusband=
|BigBrothersWife=
|TwinBrothersWife=
|LittleBrothersWife=
|MaternalAuntsSon=
|MaternalAuntsDaughter=
|MaternalUnclesSon=
|MaternalUnclesDaughter=
|HusbandSon=
|HusbandDaughter=
|WifeSon=
|WifeDaughter=
|TwinSisterNiece=
|TwinSisterNephew=
|LittleSisterNiece=
|LittleSisterNephew=
|BigSisterNiece=
|BigSisterNephew=
|TwinBrotherNiece=
|TwinBrotherNephew=
|LittleBrotherNiece=
|LittleBrotherNephew=
|BigBrotherNiece=
|BigBrotherNephew=
}}

==Example texts==
Lorem Ipsum.
[[Category:Languages]]
[[Category:Conlangs]]
[[Category:A posteriori]]
[[Category:Germanic languages]]
[[Category:Varevonic]]

User talk:Pá mamūnám ontā́ bán

2014-06-19T18:19:37Z

OlySlayer: /* Soggy has a dog */

{{archive}}
==Welcome back!==
Welcome back! No need to explain yourself, activity has been rather low around here lately due to the holidays, finals, and lots of other reasons I have no idea about. Hope all is well with you!

So, make yourself at home, create a Russian conlang and feel free to do whatcha want! Or well, not completely free, Chrys is watching us. [[File:Waahlis.png|35px|link=Linguifex:Administrators]] '''[[User talk:Waahlis|Waahlis]]''' 16:08, 30 December 2013 (CET)

Everything's fine thanks! I hope you're well too. How have your conlanging exploits been going?
[[File:PMOB.png|35px|link=Linguifex:Administrators]] '''[[User:PMOB|Pá mamūnám ontā́ bán]]''' 16:21, 30 December 2013 (CET)
P.S. God jul! D.S.

Oh, I'm quite fine! And joyeux noël and something Russian to you too! My exploits have been quite scattered; I seem to have been bitten by the sketchlang bug, but then thanks to that I'm progressing towards a language family and proto-language for my Ris. I'm writing a grammar on it right now, in fact.

I did move your languages here, and it seems Jukpë's a favourite no matter if you're around or not! [[File:Waahlis.png|35px|link=Linguifex:Administrators]] '''[[User talk:Waahlis|Waahlis]]''' 16:40, 30 December 2013 (CET)

Well I suppose you needed a resident sketchlanger while I was away! I'll take a look at Ris.
Oh, thanks! That's good to know about Jukpë (even if I did leave it in a sort of limbo if I remember correctly). [[File:PMOB.png|35px|link=Linguifex:Administrators]] '''[[User:PMOB|Pá mamūnám ontā́ bán]]''' 16:46, 30 December 2013 (CET)

== Thanks! ==

I appreciate your time with my article Aoma and the edits for achieving better English! ^^ I'm ashamed to admit that I haven't really gone through the article...
[[User:Juhhmi|Juhhmi]] ([[User talk:Juhhmi|talk]]) 16:27, 7 January 2014 (CET)

Not a problem, it made interesting reading! Don't worry about that, I was reading one of my articles on the old wiki the other day and the writing was god-awful :P
[[File:PMOB.png|35px|link=Linguifex:Administrators]] '''[[User:PMOB|Pá mamūnám ontā́ bán]]''' 11:45, 8 January 2014 (CET)

== Input on proposal ==

First, welcome back! Good to have you back. Life sometimes gets in the way of our conlanging and Interneting, it's nothing to apologize for.
Second, I have taken a look at the plugin you linked. It seems pretty handy and I'll see to adding it over the weekend if it works out fine on the test installation. Thanks for the tip! --[[File:Admin.png|35px|link=Linguifex:Administrators]] '''[[User talk:Chrysophylax|Χρυσοφύλαξ]]''' 15:09, 9 January 2014 (CET)

== Dobby has a sock ==

Welcome back! Have some [[wikipedia:Proto-Indo-European language|PIE]]! --[[File:Admin.png|35px|link=Linguifex:Administrators]] '''[[User talk:Chrysophylax|Χρυσοφύλαξ]]''' 03:00, 13 June 2014 (CEST)

Why thank you, I will gladly partake :) [[File:PMOB.png|35px|link=Linguifex:Administrators]] '''[[User:PMOB|Pá mamūnám ontā́ bán]]''' 13:12, 13 June 2014 (CEST)

== Soggy has a dog ==

Hi!

I just got back as well. Welcome back! As well.

[[File:Waahlis.png|35px|link=Linguifex:Administrators]] '''[[User talk:Waahlis|Waahlis]]''' 21:30, 13 June 2014 (CEST)

Welcome back back :) [[File:PMOB.png|35px|link=Linguifex:Administrators]] '''[[User:PMOB|Pá mamūnám ontā́ bán]]''' 18:10, 15 June 2014 (CEST)

Hai Guise, I found a two year old post of yours on [http://conlangery.com/2011/05/31/conlangery-01-why-conlang/ conlangery.com]. So I decided to Czech back here and what do ye know! I've probably been forgotten haha. --[[User:OlySlayer|OlySlayer]] ([[User talk:OlySlayer|talk]]) 09:18, 16 June 2014 (CEST)

Why, hello again! How are you faring? [[File:PMOB.png|35px|link=Linguifex:Administrators]] '''[[User:PMOB|Pá mamūnám ontā́ bán]]''' 12:30, 17 June 2014 (CEST)

haha, oh pretty good thanks :) --[[User:OlySlayer|OlySlayer]] ([[User talk:OlySlayer|talk]]) 20:19, 19 June 2014 (CEST)

Evonish

2014-06-16T07:42:30Z

OlySlayer: Trying to get back in this

'''Evonish''' (subject to constant renaming) is a constructed language (for a possible constructed world) mostly limited to my day dreaming and notebooks. It is a-posetriori and influenced primarily by (West) Germanic, (Insular) Celtic, and Russian. Its phoneme inventory is based on [[w:General American pronunciation|General American phonology]]. The wordstock has many influences of [[w:Germanic languages|Germanic languages]], [[w:Celtic languages|Celtic languages]], [[w:Slavic languages|Slavic languages]], and some [[a priori]] vocabulary.
Imagine Germanic tribes such as the Anglo-Saxons with eastern tribes gathering together with Celts and sailing the Baltic Sea. They landed near modern day Saint Petersburg where they established their own nation, absorbing some northern Russian groups. Essentially, it is the Romania of the Northwest in a sense. Sweet maps of this will be made.

The objectives are:
*to create a poetic, flowing language
*to preserve old Germanic grammar
*to preserve Celtic vocabulary
*to create a left-hand friendly writing system

'''It is open to editing by all interested in a conlang of its influences'''.

Previous Task: Define Goals -->
'''Current Task: Determine Consonants''' -->
Next Task: Determine Vowels
{{ClassMeter
|Name = Evonish
|NativeName = ''undecided''
|Type = Fusional
|Alignment = Nominative-Accusative

|adjective = final
|adposition = mixed
|adverb = mixed
|article = final
|relativeclause = mixed
|nounclause = final
|order = SVO

|Tonal = No
|Declined = Yes
|Conjugated = Yes
|Genders = Common/Neuter
|NCase = yes
|NNumber = yes
|NDefiniteness = no
|NGender = yes
|VVoice = no
|VMood = yes
|VPerson = yes
|VNumber = yes
|VTense = yes
|VAspect = no

|Phonology=
|NounCases=
|NounDef=
|NounNumbers=
|NounGender=
|VerbPerson=
|VerbNumber=
|VerbAspect=
|VerbTense=
|VerbMood=
|VerbVoice=
|AdjCase= 0
|AdjNumber= 0
|AdjDef= 100
|AdjGen= 0
|AdjComparative= 100
|AdjSuperlative= 100
|Supine=
|Gerund=
|Participle= 100
|Infinitive= 100
|Modality=
|Words=}}
==Grammatischer Wechsel==
The language is descended from Proto-Germanic. Thus it includes Grimm's Law and Verner's Law; however, it retains a unique variant, as does all modern Germanic descendants. It's variant of these two laws creates different sound changes within verb paradigms known as the Grammatischer Wechsel.
Commas indicate the second phoneme occurs in the case of Verner's Law. Phonemes in parenthesis were allophones and innovations in their respective languages.
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg"
!Proto-Indo-European
!Proto-Germanic
!Old Norse
!Old English
!Old High German
!Evonish
|-
!*p
|*ɸ, β
|f
|f (v)
|f, b
|???
|-
|}
==Phonology==
Æ-Tensing, a process by which the vowel /æ/ is raised and lengthened to produce /æ̝ˑ/ before a nasal consonant, is in free variation and is merely an allophone.
===Consonants===
Parenthesis indicate allophones.
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg"
! scope="col" style="width: 66px; text-align: center; "|Bilabial
! scope="col" style="width: 66px; text-align: center; "|Labio-dental
! scope="col" style="width: 66px; text-align: center; "|Dental
! scope="col" style="width: 66px; text-align: center; "|Alveolar
! scope="col" style="width: 66px; text-align: center; "|Post-alveolar
! scope="col" style="width: 66px; text-align: center; "|Palatal
! scope="col" style="width: 66px; text-align: center; "|Labio-velar
! scope="col" style="width: 66px; text-align: center; "|Velar
! scope="col" style="width: 66px; text-align: center; "|Glottal
! scope="col" style="width: 66px; "|
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|/m/
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|/n/
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|/ŋ/
| style="text-align: center;"|
! style="text-align: center; "|Nasal
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|/p/ /b/
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|/t/ /d/
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|/k/ /g/
| style="text-align: center;"|
! style="text-align: center; "|Plosive
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|/f/ /v/
| style="text-align: center;"|/θ/ /ð/
| style="text-align: center;"|/s/ /z/
| style="text-align: center;"|/ʃ/
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|/x/
| style="text-align: center;"|/h/
! style="text-align: center; "|Fricative
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;" colspan="3"|/ɹ/
| style="text-align: center;"|/j/
| style="text-align: center;"|/ʍ/ /w/
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
! style="text-align: center; "|Approximant
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|/l/
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
! style="text-align: center; "|Lateral
|}

===Vowels===
Parenthesis indicate allophones. The following table includes the rhotic vowels as well.
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg"
! scope="col" style="width: 90px; text-align: center; "|Front
! scope="col" style="width: 90px; text-align: center; "|Near-front
! scope="col" style="width: 90px; text-align: center; "|Central
! scope="col" style="width: 90px; text-align: center; "|Near-back
! scope="col" style="width: 90px; text-align: center; "|Back
! scope="col" style="width: 90px; "|
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|/i/
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|/u/
! style="text-align: center; "|Close
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|/ɪ/
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|/ʊ/
| style="text-align: center;"|
! style="text-align: center; "|Near-close
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|/e/, /e˞ː/
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|/o/
! style="text-align: center; "|Close-mid
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|/ə/
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
! style="text-align: center; "|Mid
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|/ɛ/, /ɛ˞ː/
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|/ɝː/
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|/ʌ/ '''·''' /ɔ/, /ɔ˞ː/
! style="text-align: center; "|Open-mid
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|/æ/ (æ̝ˑ)
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
! style="text-align: center; "|Near-open
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|/ɑ/, /ɑ˞/
! style="text-align: center; "|Open
|}

==Writing==
The writing system may be from right to left. The thirty letter alphabet is a modified Latin alphabet that contains the following characters, in no real order:
*a, e, i, o, u, y
*p /p/, b /b/
*t /t/, d /d/
*þ /θ/, ð /ð/
*f /f/, v /v/
*k /k/, g /g/
*x /x/, h /h/
*l /l/, r /ɹ/
*m /m/, n /n/
*ŋ /ŋ/, j /j/
*s /s/, z /z/
*ṡ /ʃ/, ż /ʒ/
*ƕ(q) /ʍ/, ƿ(w) /w/
The [[IPA for Varevon]] is sorely out of date, and is subject to change soon. A dot is placed over s and z which changes them to distinct, but related sounds; these are regarded as separate letters. Umlauts are written with a diaeresis/umlaut, and doubled vowels indicate long vowels or gemination.

==Pronouns==
Personal pronouns are the most complex. The sole relative pronoun is [TBD].
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 500px; "
! scope="row"|Person
! scope="col"|Number
! scope="col"|Nominative
! scope="col"|Accusative
! scope="col"|Genitive
! scope="col"|Dative
|-
! rowspan="4"|Singular
!First
|Ik
|Mek
|Meyn
|Mě
|-
!Second
|Ðǔ
|Ðek
|Ðeyn
|Ðě
|-
!Common
|Sey
|
|
|
|-
!Neuter
|Hit
|Hin
|His
|Him
|-
! rowspan="3"|Plural
!First
|Wě
|Uns
|
|
|-
!Second
|Jě
|
|
|
|-
!Third
|Hě
|Hen
|Her
|Hem
|-
!Indefinite
!Reflexive
|
|Sek
|Seyn
|Sě
|-
! rowspan="2"|Interrogative
!Common
|
|
|
|
|-
!Neuter
|
|
|
|
|}

==Determiners==
The negative article is understood as indefinite; there is no negative definite article so the verb of the sentence is negated instead. Determines are key to distinguish to distinguishing gender. the E at the end of some determiner plurals is an ancient pluralizing form.

{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 500px; "
! rowspan="2" colspan="2"|Determiners
! colspan="3"|Article
! colspan="2"|Demonstrative
|-
!Definite
!Indefinite
!Negative
!Proximal
!Distal
|-
! rowspan="2"|Common
!Singular
| style="text-align: center; " rowspan=2|Ðee
| style="text-align: center; "|Een
| style="text-align: center; " rowspan=4|Neen
| style="text-align: center; "|Ðis
| style="text-align: center; "|Jeen
|-
!Plural
| style="text-align: center; "| -
| style="text-align: center; "|Ðise
| style="text-align: center; "|Jeene
|-
! rowspan="2"|Neuter
!Singular
| style="text-align: center; "|Ðat
| style="text-align: center; "|Een
| style="text-align: center; "|Ðit
| style="text-align: center; "|Jeen
|-
!Plural
| style="text-align: center; "|Ðoo
| style="text-align: center; "|Sum
| style="text-align: center; "|Ðite
| style="text-align: center; "|Jeene
|-
|}

==Table of Correlatives==
Lorem Ipsum.
==Morphology==
===Adjective===
Certain adjectives decline only in an attributive position; they do not in a predicative position. Cf. [[w:German language|German]] ''die schwarze Magd'' vs ''die Magd ist schwarz''. Some adjectives undergo mutation. Furthermore, there are many common affixes which form adjectives, whose list will be available in time.
===Noun===
Their declension depends upon case and number. The plural genitive ending is used in compound words much like kennings. The umlaut occurs in some plurals, in some cases, and sometimes in whole words. The vocative, instrumental, and locative forms disappeared since Proto-Germanic. A pseudo-vocative form is made with the clitic O' (from Celtic) and uses the zero conjugation.
====Strong====
The vowel a became associated with plural and e with singular. Vowel dropping may be apparent spoken, but it is not written, such as Engel not declining to Eng'la.
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 500px; "
!Strong - Engel (''Angel'')
!Singular
!Plural
|-
!Nominative/Accusative
|Engel
|Engelas
|-
!Genitive
|Engeles
|Engela
|-
!Dative
|Engele
|Engelam
|-
|}
====Weak====
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 500px; "
!Weak - Name (''name'')
!Singular
!Plural
|-
!Nominative/Accusative
|Name
|Namen
|-
!Genitive
|Name(n)s
|Nam(en)a
|-
!Dative
|Namen
|Namen
|-
|}
====Augmentative & Diminutive====
Lots of Stuff here

===Verb===
Verbs or verb forms in quotes are either an English equivalent or a work in progress. The infinitives of the frequentative form are -eln and -ern; these can be made of many verbs. The infinitive form in Evonish is the lemma form of the verb, meaning it is the one used in dictionaries. The primary aspects are simple, perfect, progressive, habitual, and inchoative. Simple aspect is used for:
*Stative verbs
*Gnomic aspect
Further aspects are formed by nonstandard ways or purely by context.
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 500px"
|-
!Form
! colspan="2"| Suffix
|-
!Lemma
| colspan="2"|
|-
!Frequentative
| colspan="2"|
|-
!Aspect
!Main
!Auxiliary
|-
!Habitual
|infinitive
|"to do"
|-
!Inchoative
|supine
|"to begin"
|-
!Perfect
|past participle
|"to have"
|-
!Progressive
|present participle
|"to be"
|-
!Tense
!Person
!Auxiliary
|-
! rowspan="3"| Future
|First
|"shall"
|-
|Second
|"will"
|-
|Third
|"go"
|-
|}
The particle [TBD] after the main verb negates the verb. The following table shows the conjugation of the verb fällen, a weak 1 class verb. The auxiliary verbs in the table are the verbs used with the participles to form two different aspects.
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width: 500px; "
! colspan="3"|zdfbzdcb
!
|-
! rowspan="3" |Nonfinite
!Infinitive
|
|
|-
!Gerund
|
|
|-
!Supine
|
|
|-
! rowspan="3" |Participle
!Tense
!Positive
!Negative
|-
!Present
|
|
|-
!Past
|
|
|-
!Mood
!Tense
!Singular
!Plural
|-
! rowspan="6" |Indicative
! rowspan="3" |Present
|
|[TBD]
|-
|
|[TBD]
|-
|
|[TBD]
|-
! rowspan="3" |Past
|
|[TBD]
|-
|[TBD]
|[TBD]
|-
|[TBD]
|[TBD]
|-
! rowspan="2" |Subjunctive
!Nonpast
|
|
|-
!Past
|
|
|-
!Imperative
!Present
|
|
|-
|}

==Syntax==
===Comparisons===
Comparative forms use a particle followed by the noun(s) being compared to. Depending on that noun's case will determine which noun is first making the comparison. These can imply drastically different meanings, for example:
*"He ate pie quicker than '''I'''" would yield "than I ate pie" (in this example the compared noun is in the nominative).
*"He ate pie quicker than '''me'''" would yield "than he ate me" (in this example the compared noun is in the accusative).

===Word Order===
The standard word order is V2; when a phrase, clause, adverb, or adjective precedes the subject for emphasis, the second argument is always the verb. This can be demonstrated in the somewhat archaic or fanciful use "''From the ground'' '''grew''' the tree." Word order is flexible due to conjugations however the primary form for independent clauses is Subject-Verb-Object. Questions without interrogative pronouns(yes or no) have verb first and subject second.
Dependent clauses have a special word order:
*Subject
*Indirect Object
*Direct Object
*Instrument
*Verb.
Relative clauses follow the same pattern as independent clauses when appended to independent clauses and follow the dependent pattern when appended to a dependent clause.
==Dictionary==
{{Kinship
|PaternalGrandMother=
|PaternalGrandFather=
|MaternalGrandMother=
|MaternalGrandFather=
|PaternalAuntsHusband=
|PaternalAunt=
|PaternalUnclesWife=
|PaternalUncle=
|Father=
|Mother=
|PaternalTwinUnclesWife=
|PaternalTwinUncle=
|PaternalYoungerUnclesWife=
|PaternalYoungerUncle=
|PaternalOlderUnclesWife=
|PaternalOlderUncle=
|PaternalTwinAuntsHusband=
|PaternalTwinAunt=
|PaternalYoungerAuntsHusband=
|PaternalYoungerAunt=
|PaternalOlderAuntsHusband=
|PaternalOlderAunt=
|MaternalTwinUnclesWife=
|MaternalTwinUncle=
|MaternalYoungerUnclesWife=
|MaternalYoungerUncle=
|MaternalOlderUnclesWife=
|MaternalOlderUncle=
|MaternalTwinAuntsHusband=
|MaternalTwinAunt=
|MaternalYoungerAuntsHusband=
|MaternalYoungerAunt=
|MaternalOlderAuntsHusband=
|MaternalOlderAunt=
|PaternalTwinUnclesSon=
|PaternalTwinUnclesDaughter=
|PaternalYoungerUnclesSon=
|PaternalYoungerUnclesDaughter=
|PaternalOlderUnclesSon=
|PaternalOlderUnclesDaughter=
|PaternalTwinAuntsSon=
|PaternalTwinAuntsDaughter=
|PaternalYoungerAuntsSon=
|PaternalYoungerAuntsDaughter=
|PaternalOlderAuntsSon=
|PaternalOlderAuntsDaughter=
|MaternalTwinUnclesSon=
|MaternalTwinUnclesDaughter=
|MaternalYoungerUnclesSon=
|MaternalYoungerUnclesDaughter=
|MaternalOlderUnclesSon=
|MaternalOlderUnclesDaughter=
|MaternalTwinAuntsSon=
|MaternalTwinAuntsDaughter=
|MaternalYoungerAuntsSon=
|MaternalYoungerAuntsDaughter=
|MaternalOlderAuntsSon=
|MaternalOlderAuntsDaughter=
|Sister=
|Self=
|Husband=
|Wife=
|LittleSister=
|TwinSister=
|BigSister=
|BigBrother=
|TwinBrother=
|LittleBrother=
|LittleSistersHusband=
|TwinSistersHusband=
|BigSistersHusband=
|BigBrothersWife=
|TwinBrothersWife=
|LittleBrothersWife=
|MaternalAuntsSon=
|MaternalAuntsDaughter=
|MaternalUnclesSon=
|MaternalUnclesDaughter=
|HusbandSon=
|HusbandDaughter=
|WifeSon=
|WifeDaughter=
|TwinSisterNiece=
|TwinSisterNephew=
|LittleSisterNiece=
|LittleSisterNephew=
|BigSisterNiece=
|BigSisterNephew=
|TwinBrotherNiece=
|TwinBrotherNephew=
|LittleBrotherNiece=
|LittleBrotherNephew=
|BigBrotherNiece=
|BigBrotherNephew=
}}

==Example texts==
Lorem Ipsum.
[[Category:Languages]]
[[Category:Conlangs]]
[[Category:A posteriori]]
[[Category:West Germanic languages]]
[[Category:Varevonic]]

User talk:Pá mamūnám ontā́ bán

2014-06-16T07:18:05Z

OlySlayer: /* Soggy has a dog */

User talk:Waahlis

2014-01-19T03:43:10Z

OlySlayer: /* On the template */ new section

User talk:Waahlis

2013-12-29T22:38:43Z

OlySlayer: /* Gamla saker */

User talk:Waahlis

2013-12-29T22:37:25Z

OlySlayer: /* Gamla saker */

Evonish

2013-12-29T06:40:30Z

OlySlayer: whole new level of depth

'''Evonish''' is a constructed language intended to be a sort of holy language (for a possible constructed world). '''It is open to editing by all interested in a conlang of its influences'''. It is a-posetriori and influenced primarily by West Germanic, Insular Celtic, Russian, and Japanese. Its phoneme inventory is based on [[w:General American pronunciation|General American phonology]]. The wordstock has many influences of [[w:Germanic languages|Germanic languages]], [[w:Celtic languages|Celtic languages]], [[w:Slavic languages|Slavic languages]], Japanese, and some [[a priori]] vocabulary. The objectives are:
*to create a poetic, flowing language
*to preserve old Germanic grammar
*to preserve Celtic vocabulary
*to create a left-hand friendly writing system

Previous Task: Define Goals -->
'''Current Task: Determine Consonants''' -->
Next Task: Determine Vowels
{{ClassMeter
|Name = Evonish
|NativeName = ''undecided''
|Type = Fusional
|Alignment = Nominative-Accusative

|adjective = final
|adposition = mixed
|adverb = mixed
|article = final
|relativeclause = mixed
|nounclause = final
|order = SVO

|Tonal = No
|Declined = Yes
|Conjugated = Yes
|Genders = Common/Neuter
|NCase = yes
|NNumber = yes
|NDefiniteness = no
|NGender = yes
|VVoice = no
|VMood = yes
|VPerson = yes
|VNumber = yes
|VTense = yes
|VAspect = no

|Phonology=
|NounCases=
|NounDef=
|NounNumbers=
|NounGender=
|VerbPerson=
|VerbNumber=
|VerbAspect=
|VerbTense=
|VerbMood=
|VerbVoice=
|AdjCase= 0
|AdjNumber= 0
|AdjDef= 100
|AdjGen= 0
|AdjComparative= 100
|AdjSuperlative= 100
|Supine=
|Gerund=
|Participle= 100
|Infinitive= 100
|Modality=
|Words=}}
==Grammatischer Wechsel==
The language is descended from Proto-Germanic. Thus it includes Grimm's Law and Verner's Law; however, it retains a unique variant, as does all modern Germanic descendants. It's variant of these two laws creates different sound changes within verb paradigms known as the Grammatischer Wechsel.
Commas indicate the second phoneme occurs in the case of Verner's Law. Phonemes in parenthesis were allophones and innovations in their respective languages.
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg"
!Proto-Indo-European
!Proto-Germanic
!Old Norse
!Old English
!Old High German
!Evonish
|-
!*p
|*ɸ, β
|f
|f (v)
|f, b
|???
|-
|}
==Phonology==
Æ-Tensing, a process by which the vowel /æ/ is raised and lengthened to produce /æ̝ˑ/ before a nasal consonant, is in free variation and is merely an allophone.
===Consonants===
Parenthesis indicate allophones.
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg"
! scope="col" style="width: 66px; text-align: center; "|Bilabial
! scope="col" style="width: 66px; text-align: center; "|Labio-dental
! scope="col" style="width: 66px; text-align: center; "|Dental
! scope="col" style="width: 66px; text-align: center; "|Alveolar
! scope="col" style="width: 66px; text-align: center; "|Post-alveolar
! scope="col" style="width: 66px; text-align: center; "|Palatal
! scope="col" style="width: 66px; text-align: center; "|Labio-velar
! scope="col" style="width: 66px; text-align: center; "|Velar
! scope="col" style="width: 66px; text-align: center; "|Glottal
! scope="col" style="width: 66px; "|
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|/m/
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|/n/
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|/ŋ/
| style="text-align: center;"|
! style="text-align: center; "|Nasal
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|/p/ /b/
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|/t/ /d/
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|/k/ /g/
| style="text-align: center;"|
! style="text-align: center; "|Plosive
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|/f/ /v/
| style="text-align: center;"|/θ/ /ð/
| style="text-align: center;"|/s/ /z/
| style="text-align: center;"|/ʃ/
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|/x/
| style="text-align: center;"|/h/
! style="text-align: center; "|Fricative
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;" colspan="3"|/ɹ/
| style="text-align: center;"|/j/
| style="text-align: center;"|/ʍ/ /w/
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
! style="text-align: center; "|Approximant
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|/l/
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
! style="text-align: center; "|Lateral
|}

===Vowels===
Parenthesis indicate allophones. The following table includes the rhotic vowels as well.
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg"
! scope="col" style="width: 90px; text-align: center; "|Front
! scope="col" style="width: 90px; text-align: center; "|Near-front
! scope="col" style="width: 90px; text-align: center; "|Central
! scope="col" style="width: 90px; text-align: center; "|Near-back
! scope="col" style="width: 90px; text-align: center; "|Back
! scope="col" style="width: 90px; "|
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|/i/
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|/u/
! style="text-align: center; "|Close
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|/ɪ/
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|/ʊ/
| style="text-align: center;"|
! style="text-align: center; "|Near-close
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|/e/, /e˞ː/
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|/o/
! style="text-align: center; "|Close-mid
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|/ə/
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
! style="text-align: center; "|Mid
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|/ɛ/, /ɛ˞ː/
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|/ɝː/
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|/ʌ/ '''·''' /ɔ/, /ɔ˞ː/
! style="text-align: center; "|Open-mid
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|/æ/ (æ̝ˑ)
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
! style="text-align: center; "|Near-open
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|/ɑ/, /ɑ˞/
! style="text-align: center; "|Open
|}

==Writing==
The writing system may be from right to left. The thirty letter alphabet is a modified Latin alphabet that contains the following characters, in no real order:
*a, e, i, o, u, y
*p /p/, b /b/
*t /t/, d /d/
*þ /θ/, ð /ð/
*f /f/, v /v/
*k /k/, g /g/
*x /x/, h /h/
*l /l/, r /ɹ/
*m /m/, n /n/
*ŋ /ŋ/, j /j/
*s /s/, z /z/
*ṡ /ʃ/, ż /ʒ/
*ƕ(q) /ʍ/, ƿ(w) /w/
The [[IPA for Varevon]] is sorely out of date, and is subject to change soon. A dot is placed over s and z which changes them to distinct, but related sounds; these are regarded as separate letters. Umlauts are written with a diaeresis/umlaut, and doubled vowels indicate long vowels or gemination.

==Pronouns==
Personal pronouns are the most complex. The sole relative pronoun is [TBD].
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 500px; "
! scope="row"|Person
! scope="col"|Number
! scope="col"|Nominative
! scope="col"|Accusative
! scope="col"|Genitive
! scope="col"|Dative
|-
! rowspan="4"|Singular
!First
|Ik
|Mek
|Meyn
|Mě
|-
!Second
|Ðǔ
|Ðek
|Ðeyn
|Ðě
|-
!Common
|Sey
|
|
|
|-
!Neuter
|Hit
|Hin
|His
|Him
|-
! rowspan="3"|Plural
!First
|Wě
|Uns
|
|
|-
!Second
|Jě
|
|
|
|-
!Third
|Hě
|Hen
|Her
|Hem
|-
!Indefinite
!Reflexive
|
|Sek
|Seyn
|Sě
|-
! rowspan="2"|Interrogative
!Common
|
|
|
|
|-
!Neuter
|
|
|
|
|}

==Determiners==
The negative article is understood as indefinite; there is no negative definite article so the verb of the sentence is negated instead. Determines are key to distinguish to distinguishing gender. the E at the end of some determiner plurals is an ancient pluralizing form.

{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 500px; "
! rowspan="2" colspan="2"|Determiners
! colspan="3"|Article
! colspan="2"|Demonstrative
|-
!Definite
!Indefinite
!Negative
!Proximal
!Distal
|-
! rowspan="2"|Common
!Singular
| style="text-align: center; " rowspan=2|Ðee
| style="text-align: center; "|Een
| style="text-align: center; " rowspan=4|Neen
| style="text-align: center; "|Ðis
| style="text-align: center; "|Jeen
|-
!Plural
| style="text-align: center; "| -
| style="text-align: center; "|Ðise
| style="text-align: center; "|Jeene
|-
! rowspan="2"|Neuter
!Singular
| style="text-align: center; "|Ðat
| style="text-align: center; "|Een
| style="text-align: center; "|Ðit
| style="text-align: center; "|Jeen
|-
!Plural
| style="text-align: center; "|Ðoo
| style="text-align: center; "|Sum
| style="text-align: center; "|Ðite
| style="text-align: center; "|Jeene
|-
|}

==Table of Correlatives==
Lorem Ipsum.
==Morphology==
===Adjective===
Certain adjectives decline only in an attributive position; they do not in a predicative position. Cf. [[w:German language|German]] ''die schwarze Magd'' vs ''die Magd ist schwarz''. Some adjectives undergo mutation. Furthermore, there are many common affixes which form adjectives, whose list will be available in time.
===Noun===
Their declension depends upon case and number. The plural genitive ending is used in compound words much like kennings. The umlaut occurs in some plurals, in some cases, and sometimes in whole words. The vocative, instrumental, and locative forms disappeared since Proto-Germanic. A pseudo-vocative form is made with the clitic O' (from Celtic) and uses the zero conjugation.
====Strong====
The vowel a became associated with plural and e with singular. Vowel dropping may be apparent spoken, but it is not written, such as Engel not declining to Eng'la.
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 500px; "
!Strong - Engel (''Angel'')
!Singular
!Plural
|-
!Nominative/Accusative
|Engel
|Engelas
|-
!Genitive
|Engeles
|Engela
|-
!Dative
|Engele
|Engelam
|-
|}
====Weak====
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 500px; "
!Weak - Name (''name'')
!Singular
!Plural
|-
!Nominative/Accusative
|Name
|Namen
|-
!Genitive
|Name(n)s
|Nam(en)a
|-
!Dative
|Namen
|Namen
|-
|}
====Augmentative & Diminutive====
Lots of Stuff here

===Verb===
Verbs or verb forms in quotes are either an English equivalent or a work in progress. The infinitives of the frequentative form are -eln and -ern; these can be made of many verbs. The infinitive form in Evonish is the lemma form of the verb, meaning it is the one used in dictionaries. The primary aspects are simple, perfect, progressive, habitual, and inchoative. Simple aspect is used for:
*Stative verbs
*Gnomic aspect
Further aspects are formed by nonstandard ways or purely by context.
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 500px"
|-
!Form
! colspan="2"| Suffix
|-
!Lemma
| colspan="2"|
|-
!Frequentative
| colspan="2"|
|-
!Aspect
!Main
!Auxiliary
|-
!Habitual
|infinitive
|"to do"
|-
!Inchoative
|supine
|"to begin"
|-
!Perfect
|past participle
|"to have"
|-
!Progressive
|present participle
|"to be"
|-
!Tense
!Person
!Auxiliary
|-
! rowspan="3"| Future
|First
|"shall"
|-
|Second
|"will"
|-
|Third
|"go"
|-
|}
The particle [TBD] after the main verb negates the verb. The following table shows the conjugation of the verb fällen, a weak 1 class verb. The auxiliary verbs in the table are the verbs used with the participles to form two different aspects.
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width: 500px; "
! colspan="3"|zdfbzdcb
!
|-
! rowspan="3" |Nonfinite
!Infinitive
|
|
|-
!Gerund
|
|
|-
!Supine
|
|
|-
! rowspan="3" |Participle
!Tense
!Positive
!Negative
|-
!Present
|
|
|-
!Past
|
|
|-
!Mood
!Tense
!Singular
!Plural
|-
! rowspan="6" |Indicative
! rowspan="3" |Present
|
|[TBD]
|-
|
|[TBD]
|-
|
|[TBD]
|-
! rowspan="3" |Past
|
|[TBD]
|-
|[TBD]
|[TBD]
|-
|[TBD]
|[TBD]
|-
! rowspan="2" |Subjunctive
!Nonpast
|
|
|-
!Past
|
|
|-
!Imperative
!Present
|
|
|-
|}

==Syntax==
===Comparisons===
Comparative forms use a particle followed by the noun(s) being compared to. Depending on that noun's case will determine which noun is first making the comparison. These can imply drastically different meanings, for example:
*"He ate pie quicker than '''I'''" would yield "than I ate pie" (in this example the compared noun is in the nominative).
*"He ate pie quicker than '''me'''" would yield "than he ate me" (in this example the compared noun is in the accusative).

===Word Order===
The standard word order is V2; when a phrase, clause, adverb, or adjective precedes the subject for emphasis, the second argument is always the verb. This can be demonstrated in the somewhat archaic or fanciful use "''From the ground'' '''grew''' the tree." Word order is flexible due to conjugations however the primary form for independent clauses is Subject-Verb-Object. Questions without interrogative pronouns(yes or no) have verb first and subject second.
Dependent clauses have a special word order:
*Subject
*Indirect Object
*Direct Object
*Instrument
*Verb.
Relative clauses follow the same pattern as independent clauses when appended to independent clauses and follow the dependent pattern when appended to a dependent clause.
==Dictionary==
{{Kinship
|PaternalGrandMother=
|PaternalGrandFather=
|MaternalGrandMother=
|MaternalGrandFather=
|PaternalAuntsHusband=
|PaternalAunt=
|PaternalUnclesWife=
|PaternalUncle=
|Father=
|Mother=
|PaternalTwinUnclesWife=
|PaternalTwinUncle=
|PaternalYoungerUnclesWife=
|PaternalYoungerUncle=
|PaternalOlderUnclesWife=
|PaternalOlderUncle=
|PaternalTwinAuntsHusband=
|PaternalTwinAunt=
|PaternalYoungerAuntsHusband=
|PaternalYoungerAunt=
|PaternalOlderAuntsHusband=
|PaternalOlderAunt=
|MaternalTwinUnclesWife=
|MaternalTwinUncle=
|MaternalYoungerUnclesWife=
|MaternalYoungerUncle=
|MaternalOlderUnclesWife=
|MaternalOlderUncle=
|MaternalTwinAuntsHusband=
|MaternalTwinAunt=
|MaternalYoungerAuntsHusband=
|MaternalYoungerAunt=
|MaternalOlderAuntsHusband=
|MaternalOlderAunt=
|PaternalTwinUnclesSon=
|PaternalTwinUnclesDaughter=
|PaternalYoungerUnclesSon=
|PaternalYoungerUnclesDaughter=
|PaternalOlderUnclesSon=
|PaternalOlderUnclesDaughter=
|PaternalTwinAuntsSon=
|PaternalTwinAuntsDaughter=
|PaternalYoungerAuntsSon=
|PaternalYoungerAuntsDaughter=
|PaternalOlderAuntsSon=
|PaternalOlderAuntsDaughter=
|MaternalTwinUnclesSon=
|MaternalTwinUnclesDaughter=
|MaternalYoungerUnclesSon=
|MaternalYoungerUnclesDaughter=
|MaternalOlderUnclesSon=
|MaternalOlderUnclesDaughter=
|MaternalTwinAuntsSon=
|MaternalTwinAuntsDaughter=
|MaternalYoungerAuntsSon=
|MaternalYoungerAuntsDaughter=
|MaternalOlderAuntsSon=
|MaternalOlderAuntsDaughter=
|Sister=
|Self=
|Husband=
|Wife=
|LittleSister=
|TwinSister=
|BigSister=
|BigBrother=
|TwinBrother=
|LittleBrother=
|LittleSistersHusband=
|TwinSistersHusband=
|BigSistersHusband=
|BigBrothersWife=
|TwinBrothersWife=
|LittleBrothersWife=
|MaternalAuntsSon=
|MaternalAuntsDaughter=
|MaternalUnclesSon=
|MaternalUnclesDaughter=
|HusbandSon=
|HusbandDaughter=
|WifeSon=
|WifeDaughter=
|TwinSisterNiece=
|TwinSisterNephew=
|LittleSisterNiece=
|LittleSisterNephew=
|BigSisterNiece=
|BigSisterNephew=
|TwinBrotherNiece=
|TwinBrotherNephew=
|LittleBrotherNiece=
|LittleBrotherNephew=
|BigBrotherNiece=
|BigBrotherNephew=
}}

==Example texts==
Lorem Ipsum.
[[Category:Languages]]
[[Category:Conlangs]]
[[Category:A posteriori]]
[[Category:West Germanic languages]]
[[Category:Varevonic]]

Evonish

2013-12-27T20:31:18Z

OlySlayer:

'''Evonish''' is a constructed language intended to be a sort of holy language (for a possible constructed world). '''It is open to editing by all interested in a conlang of its influences'''. It is a-posetriori and influenced primarily by West Germanic, Insular Celtic, Russian, and Japanese. Its phoneme inventory is based on [[w:General American pronunciation|General American phonology]]. The wordstock has many influences of [[w:Germanic languages|Germanic languages]], [[w:Celtic languages|Celtic languages]], [[w:Slavic languages|Slavic languages]], Japanese, and some [[a priori]] vocabulary. The objectives are:
*to create a poetic, flowing language
*to preserve old Germanic grammar
*to preserve Celtic vocabulary
*to create a left-hand friendly writing system
''Tables are horizontally flipped intentionally.''

{{ClassMeter
|Name = Evonish
|NativeName = ''undecided''
|Type = Fusional
|Alignment = Nominative-Accusative

|adjective = final
|adposition = mixed
|adverb = mixed
|article = final
|relativeclause = mixed
|nounclause = final
|order = SVO

|Tonal = No
|Declined = Yes
|Conjugated = Yes
|Genders = Common/Neuter
|NCase = yes
|NNumber = yes
|NDefiniteness = no
|NGender = yes
|VVoice = no
|VMood = yes
|VPerson = yes
|VNumber = yes
|VTense = yes
|VAspect = no

|Phonology=
|NounCases=
|NounDef=
|NounNumbers=
|NounGender=
|VerbPerson=
|VerbNumber=
|VerbAspect=
|VerbTense=
|VerbMood=
|VerbVoice=
|AdjCase= 0
|AdjNumber= 0
|AdjDef= 100
|AdjGen= 0
|AdjComparative= 100
|AdjSuperlative= 100
|Supine=
|Gerund=
|Participle= 100
|Infinitive= 100
|Modality=
|Words=}}
==Phonology==
Æ-Tensing, a process by which the vowel /æ/ is raised and lengthened to produce /æ̝ˑ/ before a nasal consonant, is in free variation and is merely an allophone.
===Consonants===
Parenthesis indicate allophones.
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg"
! scope="col" style="width: 66px; text-align: center; "|Bilabial
! scope="col" style="width: 66px; text-align: center; "|Labio-dental
! scope="col" style="width: 66px; text-align: center; "|Dental
! scope="col" style="width: 66px; text-align: center; "|Alveolar
! scope="col" style="width: 66px; text-align: center; "|Post-alveolar
! scope="col" style="width: 66px; text-align: center; "|Palatal
! scope="col" style="width: 66px; text-align: center; "|Labio-velar
! scope="col" style="width: 66px; text-align: center; "|Velar
! scope="col" style="width: 66px; text-align: center; "|Glottal
! scope="col" style="width: 66px; "|
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|/m/
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|/n/
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|/ŋ/
| style="text-align: center;"|
! style="text-align: center; "|Nasal
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|/p/ /b/
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|/t/ /d/
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|/k/ /g/
| style="text-align: center;"|
! style="text-align: center; "|Plosive
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|/f/ /v/
| style="text-align: center;"|/θ/ /ð/
| style="text-align: center;"|/s/ /z/
| style="text-align: center;"|/ʃ/
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|/x/
| style="text-align: center;"|/h/
! style="text-align: center; "|Fricative
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;" colspan="3"|/ɹ/
| style="text-align: center;"|/j/
| style="text-align: center;"|/ʍ/ /w/
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
! style="text-align: center; "|Approximant
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|/l/
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
! style="text-align: center; "|Lateral
|}

===Vowels===
Parenthesis indicate allophones. The following table includes the rhotic vowels as well.
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg"
! scope="col" style="width: 90px; text-align: center; "|Front
! scope="col" style="width: 90px; text-align: center; "|Near-front
! scope="col" style="width: 90px; text-align: center; "|Central
! scope="col" style="width: 90px; text-align: center; "|Near-back
! scope="col" style="width: 90px; text-align: center; "|Back
! scope="col" style="width: 90px; "|
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|/i/
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|/u/
! style="text-align: center; "|Close
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|/ɪ/
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|/ʊ/
| style="text-align: center;"|
! style="text-align: center; "|Near-close
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|/e/, /e˞ː/
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|/o/
! style="text-align: center; "|Close-mid
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|/ə/
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
! style="text-align: center; "|Mid
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|/ɛ/, /ɛ˞ː/
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|/ɝː/
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|/ʌ/ '''·''' /ɔ/, /ɔ˞ː/
! style="text-align: center; "|Open-mid
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|/æ/ (æ̝ˑ)
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
! style="text-align: center; "|Near-open
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|/ɑ/, /ɑ˞/
! style="text-align: center; "|Open
|}

==Writing==
The writing system may be from right to left. The thirty letter alphabet is a modified Latin alphabet that contains the following characters, in no real order:
*a, e, i, o, u, y
*p /p/, b /b/
*t /t/, d /d/
*þ /θ/, ð /ð/
*f /f/, v /v/
*k /k/, g /g/
*x /x/, h /h/
*l /l/, r /ɹ/
*m /m/, n /n/
*ŋ /ŋ/, j /j/
*s /s/, z /z/
*ṡ /ʃ/, ż /ʒ/
*ƕ(q) /ʍ/, ƿ(w) /w/
The [[IPA for Varevon]] is sorely out of date, and is subject to change soon. A dot is placed over s and z which changes them to distinct, but related sounds; these are regarded as separate letters. Umlauts are written with a diaeresis/umlaut, and doubled vowels indicate long vowels or gemination.

==Pronouns==
Personal pronouns are the most complex. The sole relative pronoun is [TBD].
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 500px; "
! scope="row"|Person
! scope="col"|Number
! scope="col"|Nominative
! scope="col"|Accusative
! scope="col"|Genitive
! scope="col"|Dative
|-
! rowspan="4"|Singular
!First
|Ik
|Mek
|Meyn
|Mě
|-
!Second
|Ðǔ
|Ðek
|Ðeyn
|Ðě
|-
!Common
|Sey
|
|
|
|-
!Neuter
|Hit
|Hin
|His
|Him
|-
! rowspan="3"|Plural
!First
|Wě
|Uns
|
|
|-
!Second
|Jě
|
|
|
|-
!Third
|Hě
|Hen
|Her
|Hem
|-
!Indefinite
!Reflexive
|
|Sek
|Seyn
|Sě
|-
! rowspan="2"|Interrogative
!Common
|
|
|
|
|-
!Neuter
|
|
|
|
|}

==Determiners==
The negative article is understood as indefinite; there is no negative definite article so the verb of the sentence is negated instead. Determines are key to distinguish to distinguishing gender. the E at the end of some determiner plurals is an ancient pluralizing form.

{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 500px; "
! rowspan="2" colspan="2"|Determiners
! colspan="3"|Article
! colspan="2"|Demonstrative
|-
!Definite
!Indefinite
!Negative
!Proximal
!Distal
|-
! rowspan="2"|Common
!Singular
| style="text-align: center; " rowspan=2|Ðee
| style="text-align: center; "|Een
| style="text-align: center; " rowspan=4|Neen
| style="text-align: center; "|Ðis
| style="text-align: center; "|Jeen
|-
!Plural
| style="text-align: center; "| -
| style="text-align: center; "|Ðise
| style="text-align: center; "|Jeene
|-
! rowspan="2"|Neuter
!Singular
| style="text-align: center; "|Ðat
| style="text-align: center; "|Een
| style="text-align: center; "|Ðit
| style="text-align: center; "|Jeen
|-
!Plural
| style="text-align: center; "|Ðoo
| style="text-align: center; "|Sum
| style="text-align: center; "|Ðite
| style="text-align: center; "|Jeene
|-
|}

==Table of Correlatives==
Lorem Ipsum.
==Morphology==
===Adjective===
Certain adjectives decline only in an attributive position; they do not in a predicative position. Cf. [[w:German language|German]] ''die schwarze Magd'' vs ''die Magd ist schwarz''. Some adjectives undergo mutation. Furthermore, there are many common affixes which form adjectives, whose list will be available in time.
===Noun===
Their declension depends upon case and number. The plural genitive ending is used in compound words much like kennings. The umlaut occurs in some plurals, in some cases, and sometimes in whole words. The vocative, instrumental, and locative forms disappeared since Proto-Germanic. A pseudo-vocative form is made with the clitic O' (from Celtic) and uses the zero conjugation.
====Strong====
The vowel a became associated with plural and e with singular. Vowel dropping may be apparent spoken, but it is not written, such as Engel not declining to Eng'la.
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 500px; "
!Strong - Engel (''Angel'')
!Singular
!Plural
|-
!Nominative/Accusative
|Engel
|Engelas
|-
!Genitive
|Engeles
|Engela
|-
!Dative
|Engele
|Engelam
|-
|}
====Weak====
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 500px; "
!Weak - Name (''name'')
!Singular
!Plural
|-
!Nominative/Accusative
|Name
|Namen
|-
!Genitive
|Name(n)s
|Nam(en)a
|-
!Dative
|Namen
|Namen
|-
|}
====Augmentative & Diminutive====
Lots of Stuff here

===Verb===
Verbs or verb forms in quotes are either an English equivalent or a work in progress. The infinitives of the frequentative form are -eln and -ern; these can be made of many verbs. The infinitive form in Evonish is the lemma form of the verb, meaning it is the one used in dictionaries. The primary aspects are simple, perfect, progressive, habitual, and inchoative. Simple aspect is used for:
*Stative verbs
*Gnomic aspect
Further aspects are formed by nonstandard ways or purely by context.
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 500px"
|-
!Form
! colspan="2"| Suffix
|-
!Lemma
| colspan="2"|
|-
!Frequentative
| colspan="2"|
|-
!Aspect
!Main
!Auxiliary
|-
!Habitual
|infinitive
|"to do"
|-
!Inchoative
|supine
|"to begin"
|-
!Perfect
|past participle
|"to have"
|-
!Progressive
|present participle
|"to be"
|-
!Tense
!Person
!Auxiliary
|-
! rowspan="3"| Future
|First
|"shall"
|-
|Second
|"will"
|-
|Third
|"go"
|-
|}
The particle [TBD] after the main verb negates the verb. The following table shows the conjugation of the verb fällen, a weak 1 class verb. The auxiliary verbs in the table are the verbs used with the participles to form two different aspects.
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width: 500px; "
! colspan="3"|zdfbzdcb
!
|-
! rowspan="3" |Nonfinite
!Infinitive
|
|
|-
!Gerund
|
|
|-
!Supine
|
|
|-
! rowspan="3" |Participle
!Tense
!Positive
!Negative
|-
!Present
|
|
|-
!Past
|
|
|-
!Mood
!Tense
!Singular
!Plural
|-
! rowspan="6" |Indicative
! rowspan="3" |Present
|
|[TBD]
|-
|
|[TBD]
|-
|
|[TBD]
|-
! rowspan="3" |Past
|
|[TBD]
|-
|[TBD]
|[TBD]
|-
|[TBD]
|[TBD]
|-
! rowspan="2" |Subjunctive
!Nonpast
|
|
|-
!Past
|
|
|-
!Imperative
!Present
|
|
|-
|}

==Syntax==
===Comparisons===
Comparative forms use a particle followed by the noun(s) being compared to. Depending on that noun's case will determine which noun is first making the comparison. These can imply drastically different meanings, for example:
*"He ate pie quicker than '''I'''" would yield "than I ate pie" (in this example the compared noun is in the nominative).
*"He ate pie quicker than '''me'''" would yield "than he ate me" (in this example the compared noun is in the accusative).

===Word Order===
The standard word order is V2; when a phrase, clause, adverb, or adjective precedes the subject for emphasis, the second argument is always the verb. This can be demonstrated in the somewhat archaic or fanciful use "''From the ground'' '''grew''' the tree." Word order is flexible due to conjugations however the primary form for independent clauses is Subject-Verb-Object. Questions without interrogative pronouns(yes or no) have verb first and subject second.
Dependent clauses have a special word order:
*Subject
*Indirect Object
*Direct Object
*Instrument
*Verb.
Relative clauses follow the same pattern as independent clauses when appended to independent clauses and follow the dependent pattern when appended to a dependent clause.
==Dictionary==
{{Kinship
|PaternalGrandMother=
|PaternalGrandFather=
|MaternalGrandMother=
|MaternalGrandFather=
|PaternalAuntsHusband=
|PaternalAunt=
|PaternalUnclesWife=
|PaternalUncle=
|Father=
|Mother=
|PaternalTwinUnclesWife=
|PaternalTwinUncle=
|PaternalYoungerUnclesWife=
|PaternalYoungerUncle=
|PaternalOlderUnclesWife=
|PaternalOlderUncle=
|PaternalTwinAuntsHusband=
|PaternalTwinAunt=
|PaternalYoungerAuntsHusband=
|PaternalYoungerAunt=
|PaternalOlderAuntsHusband=
|PaternalOlderAunt=
|MaternalTwinUnclesWife=
|MaternalTwinUncle=
|MaternalYoungerUnclesWife=
|MaternalYoungerUncle=
|MaternalOlderUnclesWife=
|MaternalOlderUncle=
|MaternalTwinAuntsHusband=
|MaternalTwinAunt=
|MaternalYoungerAuntsHusband=
|MaternalYoungerAunt=
|MaternalOlderAuntsHusband=
|MaternalOlderAunt=
|PaternalTwinUnclesSon=
|PaternalTwinUnclesDaughter=
|PaternalYoungerUnclesSon=
|PaternalYoungerUnclesDaughter=
|PaternalOlderUnclesSon=
|PaternalOlderUnclesDaughter=
|PaternalTwinAuntsSon=
|PaternalTwinAuntsDaughter=
|PaternalYoungerAuntsSon=
|PaternalYoungerAuntsDaughter=
|PaternalOlderAuntsSon=
|PaternalOlderAuntsDaughter=
|MaternalTwinUnclesSon=
|MaternalTwinUnclesDaughter=
|MaternalYoungerUnclesSon=
|MaternalYoungerUnclesDaughter=
|MaternalOlderUnclesSon=
|MaternalOlderUnclesDaughter=
|MaternalTwinAuntsSon=
|MaternalTwinAuntsDaughter=
|MaternalYoungerAuntsSon=
|MaternalYoungerAuntsDaughter=
|MaternalOlderAuntsSon=
|MaternalOlderAuntsDaughter=
|Sister=
|Self=
|Husband=
|Wife=
|LittleSister=
|TwinSister=
|BigSister=
|BigBrother=
|TwinBrother=
|LittleBrother=
|LittleSistersHusband=
|TwinSistersHusband=
|BigSistersHusband=
|BigBrothersWife=
|TwinBrothersWife=
|LittleBrothersWife=
|MaternalAuntsSon=
|MaternalAuntsDaughter=
|MaternalUnclesSon=
|MaternalUnclesDaughter=
|HusbandSon=
|HusbandDaughter=
|WifeSon=
|WifeDaughter=
|TwinSisterNiece=
|TwinSisterNephew=
|LittleSisterNiece=
|LittleSisterNephew=
|BigSisterNiece=
|BigSisterNephew=
|TwinBrotherNiece=
|TwinBrotherNephew=
|LittleBrotherNiece=
|LittleBrotherNephew=
|BigBrotherNiece=
|BigBrotherNephew=
}}

==Example texts==
Lorem Ipsum.
[[Category:Languages]]
[[Category:Conlangs]]
[[Category:A posteriori]]
[[Category:West Germanic languages]]
[[Category:Varevonic]]

Evonish

2013-12-06T06:30:22Z

OlySlayer: /* Writing */

'''Evonish''' (literally angels' language) is an a-posetriori language influenced primarily influenced by West Germanic, Insular Celtic, Russian, and Japanese. Its phoneme inventory is based on [[w:General American pronunciation|General American phonology]], however it bears certain phonetic constraints similar to Japanese. Furthermore, it uses grammar that bears resemblance to European languages. The wordstock has many influences of [[w:Germanic languages|Germanic languages]], [[w:Celtic languages|Celtic languages]], [[w:Slavic languages|Slavic languages]], Japanese, and [[a priori]] vocabulary. The objectives are:
*to create a poetic, flowing language
*to preserve Celtic vocabulary
*to create a left-hand friendly writing system
''Tables are horizontally flipped intentionally.''

{{ClassMeter
|Name = Evonish
|NativeName = Evoniš
|Type = Fusional
|Alignment = Nominative-Accusative

|adjective = final
|adposition = mixed
|adverb = final
|article = final
|relativeclause = mixed
|nounclause = final
|order = SVO

|Tonal = No
|Declined = Yes
|Conjugated = Yes
|Genders = Common/Neuter
|NCase = yes
|NNumber = yes
|NDefiniteness = no
|NGender = yes
|VVoice = no
|VMood = yes
|VPerson = yes
|VNumber = yes
|VTense = yes
|VAspect = no

|Phonology=
|NounCases=
|NounDef=
|NounNumbers=
|NounGender=
|VerbPerson=
|VerbNumber=
|VerbAspect=
|VerbTense=
|VerbMood=
|VerbVoice=
|AdjCase= 0
|AdjNumber= 0
|AdjDef= 100
|AdjGen= 0
|AdjComparative= 100
|AdjSuperlative= 100
|Supine=
|Gerund=
|Participle= 100
|Infinitive= 100
|Modality=
|Words=}}
==Phonology==
Aspiration is in free variation; it does not determine another phoneme. Æ-Tensing is a process by which the vowel /æ/ is raised and lengthened to produce /æ̝ˑ/ before a nasal consonant, yet this is merely an allophone and may be ignored.
===Consonants===
Parenthesis indicate allophones.
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg"
! scope="col" style="width: 66px; text-align: center; "|Bilabial
! scope="col" style="width: 66px; text-align: center; "|Labio-dental
! scope="col" style="width: 66px; text-align: center; "|Dental
! scope="col" style="width: 66px; text-align: center; "|Alveolar
! scope="col" style="width: 66px; text-align: center; "|Post-alveolar
! scope="col" style="width: 66px; text-align: center; "|Palatal
! scope="col" style="width: 66px; text-align: center; "|Labio-velar
! scope="col" style="width: 66px; text-align: center; "|Velar
! scope="col" style="width: 66px; text-align: center; "|Glottal
! scope="col" style="width: 66px; "|
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|/m/
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|/n/
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|/ŋ/
| style="text-align: center;"|
! style="text-align: center; "|Nasal
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|/p/ /b/
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|/t/ /d/
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|/k/ /g/
| style="text-align: center;"|(ʔ)
! style="text-align: center; "|Plosive
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|/f/ /v/
| style="text-align: center;"|/θ/ /ð/
| style="text-align: center;"|/s/ /z/
| style="text-align: center;"|/ʃ/ /ʒ/
| style="text-align: center;"|(ç)
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|/x/
| style="text-align: center;"|/h/
! style="text-align: center; "|Fricative
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;" colspan="3"|/ɹ/
| style="text-align: center;"|/j/
| style="text-align: center;"|/ʍ/ /w/
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
! style="text-align: center; "|Approximant
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|/l/
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
! style="text-align: center; "|Lateral
|}

===Vowels===
Parenthesis indicate allophones. The following table includes the rhotic vowels as well.
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg"
! scope="col" style="width: 90px; text-align: center; "|Front
! scope="col" style="width: 90px; text-align: center; "|Near-front
! scope="col" style="width: 90px; text-align: center; "|Central
! scope="col" style="width: 90px; text-align: center; "|Near-back
! scope="col" style="width: 90px; text-align: center; "|Back
! scope="col" style="width: 90px; "|
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|/i/
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|/u/
! style="text-align: center; "|Close
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|/ɪ/
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|/ʊ/
| style="text-align: center;"|
! style="text-align: center; "|Near-close
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|/e/, /e˞ː/
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|/o/
! style="text-align: center; "|Close-mid
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|/ə/
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
! style="text-align: center; "|Mid
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|/ɛ/, /ɛ˞ː/
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|/ɝː/
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|/ʌ/ '''·''' /ɔ/, /ɔ˞ː/
! style="text-align: center; "|Open-mid
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|/æ/ (æ̝ˑ)
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
! style="text-align: center; "|Near-open
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|/ɑ/, /ɑ˞/
! style="text-align: center; "|Open
|}

==Writing==
The writing system may be from right to left. The thirty letter alphabet is a modified Latin alphabet that contains the following characters, in no real order:
*a, e, i, o, u, y
*p /p/, b /b/
*t /t/, d /d/
*þ /θ/, ð /ð/
*f /f/, v /v/
*k /k/, g /g/
*x /x/, h /h/
*l /l/, r /ɹ/
*m /m/, n /n/
*ŋ /ŋ/, j /j/
*s /s/, z /z/
*ṡ /ʃ/, ż /ʒ/
*ƕ/q /ʍ/, ƿ/w /w/
The [[IPA for Varevon]] is sorely out of date, and is subject to change soon. A dot is placed over s and z which changes them to distinct, but related sounds; these are regarded as separate letters. Umlauts are written with a diaeresis/umlaut, and doubled vowels indicate long vowels or gemination.

==Pronouns==
Personal pronouns are the most complex. The sole relative pronoun is [TBD].
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 500px; "
! scope="row"|Person
! scope="col"|Number
! scope="col"|Nominative
! scope="col"|Accusative
! scope="col"|Genitive
! scope="col"|Dative
|-
! rowspan="4"|Singular
!First
|Ik
|Mek
|Meyn
|Mě
|-
!Second
|Ðǔ
|Ðek
|Ðeyn
|Ðě
|-
!Common
|Sey
|
|
|
|-
!Neuter
|Hit
|Hin
|His
|Him
|-
! rowspan="3"|Plural
!First
|Wě
|Uns
|
|
|-
!Second
|Jě
|
|
|
|-
!Third
|Hě
|Hen
|Her
|Hem
|-
!Indefinite
!Reflexive
|
|Sek
|Seyn
|Sě
|-
! rowspan="2"|Interrogative
!Common
|
|
|
|
|-
!Neuter
|
|
|
|
|}

==Determiners==
The negative article is understood as indefinite; there is no negative definite article so the verb of the sentence is negated instead. Determines are key to distinguish to distinguishing gender. the E at the end of some determiner plurals is an ancient pluralizing form.

{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 500px; "
! rowspan="2" colspan="2"|Determiners
! colspan="3"|Article
! colspan="2"|Demonstrative
|-
!Definite
!Indefinite
!Negative
!Proximal
!Distal
|-
! rowspan="2"|Common
!Singular
| style="text-align: center; " rowspan=2|Ðee
| style="text-align: center; "|Een
| style="text-align: center; " rowspan=4|Neen
| style="text-align: center; "|Ðis
| style="text-align: center; "|Jeen
|-
!Plural
| style="text-align: center; "| -
| style="text-align: center; "|Ðise
| style="text-align: center; "|Jeene
|-
! rowspan="2"|Neuter
!Singular
| style="text-align: center; "|Ðat
| style="text-align: center; "|Een
| style="text-align: center; "|Ðit
| style="text-align: center; "|Jeen
|-
!Plural
| style="text-align: center; "|Ðoo
| style="text-align: center; "|Sum
| style="text-align: center; "|Ðite
| style="text-align: center; "|Jeene
|-
|}

==Table of Correlatives==
Lorem Ipsum.
==Quantifiers==
Lorem Ipsum.
==Morphology==
===Adjective===
Certain adjectives decline only in an attributive position; they do not in a predicative position. Cf. [[w:German language|German]] ''die schwarze Magd'' vs ''die Magd ist schwarz''. Some adjectives undergo mutation. Furthermore, there are many common affixes which form adjectives, whose list will be available in time.
===Noun===
Their declension depends upon case and number. The plural genitive ending is used in compound words much like kennings. Stuff about the umlaut and other hypothetical mutations. kthxbai.
====Strong====
The vowel a became associated with plural and e with singular. Vowel dropping may be apparent spoken, but it is not written, such as Engel not declining to Eng'la.
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 500px; "
!Strong - Engel (''Angel'')
!Singular
!Plural
|-
!Nominative/Accusative
|Engel
|Engelas
|-
!Genitive
|Engeles
|Engela
|-
!Dative
|Engele
|Engelam
|-
|}
====Weak====
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 500px; "
!Weak - Name (''name'')
!Singular
!Plural
|-
!Nominative/Accusative
|Name
|Namen
|-
!Genitive
|Name(n)s
|Nam(en)a
|-
!Dative
|Namen
|Namen
|-
|}
====Augmentative & Diminutive====
Lots of Stuff here
====Further forms====
The instrumental and locative forms disappeared since Old Evonish. The traditional vocative is formed with the clitic O' and use the N/A conjugation. Some nouns are of an ancient class with r in the plural

===Verb===
Verbs or verb forms in quotes are either an English equivalent or a work in progress. The infinitives of the frequentative form are -eln and -ern; these can be made of many verbs. The infinitive form in Evonish is the lemma form of the verb, meaning it is the one used in dictionaries. The primary aspects are simple, perfect, progressive, habitual, and inchoative. Simple aspect is used for:
*Stative verbs
*Gnomic aspect
Further aspects are formed by nonstandard ways or purely by context.
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 500px"
|-
!Form
! colspan="2"| Suffix
|-
!Lemma
| colspan="2"|
|-
!Frequentative
| colspan="2"|
|-
!Aspect
!Main
!Auxiliary
|-
!Habitual
|infinitive
|"to do"
|-
!Inchoative
|supine
|"to begin"
|-
!Perfect
|past participle
|"to have"
|-
!Progressive
|present participle
|"to be"
|-
!Tense
!Person
!Auxiliary
|-
! rowspan="3"| Future
|First
|"shall"
|-
|Second
|"will"
|-
|Third
|"go"
|-
|}
The particle [TBD] after the main verb negates the verb. The following table shows the conjugation of the verb fällen, a weak 1 class verb. The auxiliary verbs in the table are the verbs used with the participles to form two different aspects.
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width: 500px; "
! colspan="3"|
!
|-
! rowspan="3" |Nonfinite
!Infinitive
|
|
|-
!Gerund
|
|
|-
!Supine
|
|
|-
! rowspan="3" |Participle
!Tense
!Positive
!Negative
|-
!Present
|
|
|-
!Past
|
|
|-
!Mood
!Tense
!Singular
!Plural
|-
! rowspan="6" |Indicative
! rowspan="3" |Present
|
|[TBD]
|-
|
|[TBD]
|-
|
|[TBD]
|-
! rowspan="3" |Past
|
|[TBD]
|-
|[TBD]
|[TBD]
|-
|[TBD]
|[TBD]
|-
! rowspan="2" |Subjunctive
!Nonpast
|
|
|-
!Past
|
|
|-
!Imperative
!Present
|
|
|-
|}

==Syntax==
===Comparisons===
Comparative forms use a particle followed by the noun(s) being compared to. Depending on that noun's case will determine which noun is first making the comparison. These can imply drastically different meanings, for example:
*"He ate pie quicker than '''I'''" would yield "than I ate pie" (in this example the compared noun is in the nominative).
*"He ate pie quicker than '''me'''" would yield "than he ate me" (in this example the compared noun is in the accusative).

===Word Order===
The standard word order is V2; when a phrase, clause, adverb, or adjective precedes the subject for emphasis, the second argument is always the verb. This can be demonstrated in the somewhat archaic or fanciful use "''From the ground'' '''grew''' the tree." Word order is flexible due to conjugations however the primary form for independent clauses is Subject-Verb-Object. Questions without interrogative pronouns(yes or no) have verb first and subject second.
Dependent clauses have a special word order:
*Subject
*Indirect Object
*Direct Object
*Instrument
*Verb.
Relative clauses follow the same pattern as independent clauses when appended to independent clauses and follow the dependent pattern when appended to a dependent clause.
==Dictionary==
{{Kinship
|PaternalGrandMother=
|PaternalGrandFather=
|MaternalGrandMother=
|MaternalGrandFather=
|PaternalAuntsHusband=
|PaternalAunt=
|PaternalUnclesWife=
|PaternalUncle=
|Father=
|Mother=
|PaternalTwinUnclesWife=
|PaternalTwinUncle=
|PaternalYoungerUnclesWife=
|PaternalYoungerUncle=
|PaternalOlderUnclesWife=
|PaternalOlderUncle=
|PaternalTwinAuntsHusband=
|PaternalTwinAunt=
|PaternalYoungerAuntsHusband=
|PaternalYoungerAunt=
|PaternalOlderAuntsHusband=
|PaternalOlderAunt=
|MaternalTwinUnclesWife=
|MaternalTwinUncle=
|MaternalYoungerUnclesWife=
|MaternalYoungerUncle=
|MaternalOlderUnclesWife=
|MaternalOlderUncle=
|MaternalTwinAuntsHusband=
|MaternalTwinAunt=
|MaternalYoungerAuntsHusband=
|MaternalYoungerAunt=
|MaternalOlderAuntsHusband=
|MaternalOlderAunt=
|PaternalTwinUnclesSon=
|PaternalTwinUnclesDaughter=
|PaternalYoungerUnclesSon=
|PaternalYoungerUnclesDaughter=
|PaternalOlderUnclesSon=
|PaternalOlderUnclesDaughter=
|PaternalTwinAuntsSon=
|PaternalTwinAuntsDaughter=
|PaternalYoungerAuntsSon=
|PaternalYoungerAuntsDaughter=
|PaternalOlderAuntsSon=
|PaternalOlderAuntsDaughter=
|MaternalTwinUnclesSon=
|MaternalTwinUnclesDaughter=
|MaternalYoungerUnclesSon=
|MaternalYoungerUnclesDaughter=
|MaternalOlderUnclesSon=
|MaternalOlderUnclesDaughter=
|MaternalTwinAuntsSon=
|MaternalTwinAuntsDaughter=
|MaternalYoungerAuntsSon=
|MaternalYoungerAuntsDaughter=
|MaternalOlderAuntsSon=
|MaternalOlderAuntsDaughter=
|Sister=
|Self=
|Husband=
|Wife=
|LittleSister=
|TwinSister=
|BigSister=
|BigBrother=
|TwinBrother=
|LittleBrother=
|LittleSistersHusband=
|TwinSistersHusband=
|BigSistersHusband=
|BigBrothersWife=
|TwinBrothersWife=
|LittleBrothersWife=
|MaternalAuntsSon=
|MaternalAuntsDaughter=
|MaternalUnclesSon=
|MaternalUnclesDaughter=
|HusbandSon=
|HusbandDaughter=
|WifeSon=
|WifeDaughter=
|TwinSisterNiece=
|TwinSisterNephew=
|LittleSisterNiece=
|LittleSisterNephew=
|BigSisterNiece=
|BigSisterNephew=
|TwinBrotherNiece=
|TwinBrotherNephew=
|LittleBrotherNiece=
|LittleBrotherNephew=
|BigBrotherNiece=
|BigBrotherNephew=
}}

==Example texts==
Lorem Ipsum.
[[Category:Languages]]
[[Category:Conlangs]]
[[Category:A posteriori]]
[[Category:West Germanic languages]]
[[Category:Varevonic]]

Evonish

2013-10-06T19:12:12Z

OlySlayer: /* Writing */

'''Evonish''' (literally angels' language) is an a-posetriori language influenced primarily influenced by West Germanic, Insular Celtic, Russian, and Japanese. Its phoneme inventory is based on [[w:General American pronunciation|General American phonology]], however it bears certain phonetic constraints similar to Japanese. Furthermore, it uses grammar that bears resemblance to European languages. The wordstock has many influences of [[w:Germanic languages|Germanic languages]], [[w:Celtic languages|Celtic languages]], [[w:Slavic languages|Slavic languages]], Japanese, and [[a priori]] vocabulary. The objectives are:
*to create a poetic, flowing language
*to preserve Celtic vocabulary
*to create a left-hand friendly writing system
''Tables are horizontally flipped intentionally.''

{{ClassMeter
|Name = Evonish
|NativeName = Evoniš
|Type = Fusional
|Alignment = Nominative-Accusative

|adjective = final
|adposition = mixed
|adverb = final
|article = final
|relativeclause = mixed
|nounclause = final
|order = SVO

|Tonal = No
|Declined = Yes
|Conjugated = Yes
|Genders = Common/Neuter
|NCase = yes
|NNumber = yes
|NDefiniteness = no
|NGender = yes
|VVoice = no
|VMood = yes
|VPerson = yes
|VNumber = yes
|VTense = yes
|VAspect = no

|Phonology=
|NounCases=
|NounDef=
|NounNumbers=
|NounGender=
|VerbPerson=
|VerbNumber=
|VerbAspect=
|VerbTense=
|VerbMood=
|VerbVoice=
|AdjCase= 0
|AdjNumber= 0
|AdjDef= 100
|AdjGen= 0
|AdjComparative= 100
|AdjSuperlative= 100
|Supine=
|Gerund=
|Participle= 100
|Infinitive= 100
|Modality=
|Words=}}
==Phonology==
Aspiration is in free variation; it does not determine another phoneme. Æ-Tensing is a process by which the vowel /æ/ is raised and lengthened to produce /æ̝ˑ/ before a nasal consonant, yet this is merely an allophone and may be ignored.
===Consonants===
Parenthesis indicate allophones.
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg"
! scope="col" style="width: 66px; text-align: center; "|Bilabial
! scope="col" style="width: 66px; text-align: center; "|Labio-dental
! scope="col" style="width: 66px; text-align: center; "|Dental
! scope="col" style="width: 66px; text-align: center; "|Alveolar
! scope="col" style="width: 66px; text-align: center; "|Post-alveolar
! scope="col" style="width: 66px; text-align: center; "|Palatal
! scope="col" style="width: 66px; text-align: center; "|Labio-velar
! scope="col" style="width: 66px; text-align: center; "|Velar
! scope="col" style="width: 66px; text-align: center; "|Glottal
! scope="col" style="width: 66px; "|
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|/m/
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|/n/
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|/ŋ/
| style="text-align: center;"|
! style="text-align: center; "|Nasal
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|/p/ /b/
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|/t/ /d/
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|/k/ /g/
| style="text-align: center;"|(ʔ)
! style="text-align: center; "|Plosive
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|/f/ /v/
| style="text-align: center;"|/θ/ /ð/
| style="text-align: center;"|/s/ /z/
| style="text-align: center;"|/ʃ/ /ʒ/
| style="text-align: center;"|(ç)
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|/x/
| style="text-align: center;"|/h/
! style="text-align: center; "|Fricative
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;" colspan="3"|/ɹ/
| style="text-align: center;"|/j/
| style="text-align: center;"|/ʍ/ /w/
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
! style="text-align: center; "|Approximant
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|/l/
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
! style="text-align: center; "|Lateral
|}

===Vowels===
Parenthesis indicate allophones. The following table includes the rhotic vowels as well.
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg"
! scope="col" style="width: 90px; text-align: center; "|Front
! scope="col" style="width: 90px; text-align: center; "|Near-front
! scope="col" style="width: 90px; text-align: center; "|Central
! scope="col" style="width: 90px; text-align: center; "|Near-back
! scope="col" style="width: 90px; text-align: center; "|Back
! scope="col" style="width: 90px; "|
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|/i/
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|/u/
! style="text-align: center; "|Close
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|/ɪ/
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|/ʊ/
| style="text-align: center;"|
! style="text-align: center; "|Near-close
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|/e/, /e˞ː/
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|/o/
! style="text-align: center; "|Close-mid
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|/ə/
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
! style="text-align: center; "|Mid
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|/ɛ/, /ɛ˞ː/
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|/ɝː/
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|/ʌ/ '''·''' /ɔ/, /ɔ˞ː/
! style="text-align: center; "|Open-mid
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|/æ/ (æ̝ˑ)
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
! style="text-align: center; "|Near-open
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|/ɑ/, /ɑ˞/
! style="text-align: center; "|Open
|}

==Writing==
The writing system may be from right to left. The twenty-eight letter alphabet is a modified Latin alphabet that contains the following characters.
*a, p, b, c, j, t, d, þ, ð, e, f, v, k, g, h, i, y, l, m, n, o, r, s, z, u, ƕ, w, x.
The [[IPA for Varevon]] is sorely out of date, and is subject to change soon. A caron is placed over certain letters which changes them to distinct, but related sounds. These are the following letters with carons: č, ǰ, ň, š, ž. They are placed over the vowels, ǎ, ě, ǐ, ǒ, ǔ, to indicate length. Umlauts are written with a diaeresis.

==Pronouns==
Personal pronouns are the most complex. The sole relative pronoun is [TBD].
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 500px; "
! scope="row"|Person
! scope="col"|Number
! scope="col"|Nominative
! scope="col"|Accusative
! scope="col"|Genitive
! scope="col"|Dative
|-
! rowspan="4"|Singular
!First
|Ik
|Mek
|Meyn
|Mě
|-
!Second
|Ðǔ
|Ðek
|Ðeyn
|Ðě
|-
!Common
|Sey
|
|
|
|-
!Neuter
|Hit
|Hin
|His
|Him
|-
! rowspan="3"|Plural
!First
|Wě
|Uns
|
|
|-
!Second
|Jě
|
|
|
|-
!Third
|Hě
|Hen
|Her
|Hem
|-
!Indefinite
!Reflexive
|
|Sek
|Seyn
|Sě
|-
! rowspan="2"|Interrogative
!Common
|
|
|
|
|-
!Neuter
|
|
|
|
|}

==Determiners==
The negative article is understood as indefinite; there is no negative definite article so the verb of the sentence is negated instead. Determines are key to distinguish to distinguishing gender. the E at the end of some determiner plurals is an ancient pluralizing form.

{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 500px; "
! rowspan="2" colspan="2"|Determiners
! colspan="3"|Article
! colspan="2"|Demonstrative
|-
!Definite
!Indefinite
!Negative
!Proximal
!Distal
|-
! rowspan="2"|Common
!Singular
| style="text-align: center; " rowspan=2|Ðee
| style="text-align: center; "|Een
| style="text-align: center; " rowspan=4|Neen
| style="text-align: center; "|Ðis
| style="text-align: center; "|Jeen
|-
!Plural
| style="text-align: center; "| -
| style="text-align: center; "|Ðise
| style="text-align: center; "|Jeene
|-
! rowspan="2"|Neuter
!Singular
| style="text-align: center; "|Ðat
| style="text-align: center; "|Een
| style="text-align: center; "|Ðit
| style="text-align: center; "|Jeen
|-
!Plural
| style="text-align: center; "|Ðoo
| style="text-align: center; "|Sum
| style="text-align: center; "|Ðite
| style="text-align: center; "|Jeene
|-
|}

==Table of Correlatives==
Lorem Ipsum.
==Quantifiers==
Lorem Ipsum.
==Morphology==
===Adjective===
Certain adjectives decline only in an attributive position; they do not in a predicative position. Cf. [[w:German language|German]] ''die schwarze Magd'' vs ''die Magd ist schwarz''. Some adjectives undergo mutation. Furthermore, there are many common affixes which form adjectives, whose list will be available in time.
===Noun===
Their declension depends upon case and number. The plural genitive ending is used in compound words much like kennings. Stuff about the umlaut and other hypothetical mutations. kthxbai.
====Strong====
The vowel a became associated with plural and e with singular. Vowel dropping may be apparent spoken, but it is not written, such as Engel not declining to Eng'la.
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 500px; "
!Strong - Engel (''Angel'')
!Singular
!Plural
|-
!Nominative/Accusative
|Engel
|Engelas
|-
!Genitive
|Engeles
|Engela
|-
!Dative
|Engele
|Engelam
|-
|}
====Weak====
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 500px; "
!Weak - Name (''name'')
!Singular
!Plural
|-
!Nominative/Accusative
|Name
|Namen
|-
!Genitive
|Name(n)s
|Nam(en)a
|-
!Dative
|Namen
|Namen
|-
|}
====Augmentative & Diminutive====
Lots of Stuff here
====Further forms====
The instrumental and locative forms disappeared since Old Evonish. The traditional vocative is formed with the clitic O' and use the N/A conjugation. Some nouns are of an ancient class with r in the plural

===Verb===
Verbs or verb forms in quotes are either an English equivalent or a work in progress. The infinitives of the frequentative form are -eln and -ern; these can be made of many verbs. The infinitive form in Evonish is the lemma form of the verb, meaning it is the one used in dictionaries. The primary aspects are simple, perfect, progressive, habitual, and inchoative. Simple aspect is used for:
*Stative verbs
*Gnomic aspect
Further aspects are formed by nonstandard ways or purely by context.
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 500px"
|-
!Form
! colspan="2"| Suffix
|-
!Lemma
| colspan="2"|
|-
!Frequentative
| colspan="2"|
|-
!Aspect
!Main
!Auxiliary
|-
!Habitual
|infinitive
|"to do"
|-
!Inchoative
|supine
|"to begin"
|-
!Perfect
|past participle
|"to have"
|-
!Progressive
|present participle
|"to be"
|-
!Tense
!Person
!Auxiliary
|-
! rowspan="3"| Future
|First
|"shall"
|-
|Second
|"will"
|-
|Third
|"go"
|-
|}
The particle [TBD] after the main verb negates the verb. The following table shows the conjugation of the verb fällen, a weak 1 class verb. The auxiliary verbs in the table are the verbs used with the participles to form two different aspects.
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width: 500px; "
! colspan="3"|
!
|-
! rowspan="3" |Nonfinite
!Infinitive
|
|
|-
!Gerund
|
|
|-
!Supine
|
|
|-
! rowspan="3" |Participle
!Tense
!Positive
!Negative
|-
!Present
|
|
|-
!Past
|
|
|-
!Mood
!Tense
!Singular
!Plural
|-
! rowspan="6" |Indicative
! rowspan="3" |Present
|
|[TBD]
|-
|
|[TBD]
|-
|
|[TBD]
|-
! rowspan="3" |Past
|
|[TBD]
|-
|[TBD]
|[TBD]
|-
|[TBD]
|[TBD]
|-
! rowspan="2" |Subjunctive
!Nonpast
|
|
|-
!Past
|
|
|-
!Imperative
!Present
|
|
|-
|}

==Syntax==
===Comparisons===
Comparative forms use a particle followed by the noun(s) being compared to. Depending on that noun's case will determine which noun is first making the comparison. These can imply drastically different meanings, for example:
*"He ate pie quicker than '''I'''" would yield "than I ate pie" (in this example the compared noun is in the nominative).
*"He ate pie quicker than '''me'''" would yield "than he ate me" (in this example the compared noun is in the accusative).

===Word Order===
The standard word order is V2; when a phrase, clause, adverb, or adjective precedes the subject for emphasis, the second argument is always the verb. This can be demonstrated in the somewhat archaic or fanciful use "''From the ground'' '''grew''' the tree." Word order is flexible due to conjugations however the primary form for independent clauses is Subject-Verb-Object. Questions without interrogative pronouns(yes or no) have verb first and subject second.
Dependent clauses have a special word order:
*Subject
*Indirect Object
*Direct Object
*Instrument
*Verb.
Relative clauses follow the same pattern as independent clauses when appended to independent clauses and follow the dependent pattern when appended to a dependent clause.
==Dictionary==
{{Kinship
|PaternalGrandMother=
|PaternalGrandFather=
|MaternalGrandMother=
|MaternalGrandFather=
|PaternalAuntsHusband=
|PaternalAunt=
|PaternalUnclesWife=
|PaternalUncle=
|Father=
|Mother=
|PaternalTwinUnclesWife=
|PaternalTwinUncle=
|PaternalYoungerUnclesWife=
|PaternalYoungerUncle=
|PaternalOlderUnclesWife=
|PaternalOlderUncle=
|PaternalTwinAuntsHusband=
|PaternalTwinAunt=
|PaternalYoungerAuntsHusband=
|PaternalYoungerAunt=
|PaternalOlderAuntsHusband=
|PaternalOlderAunt=
|MaternalTwinUnclesWife=
|MaternalTwinUncle=
|MaternalYoungerUnclesWife=
|MaternalYoungerUncle=
|MaternalOlderUnclesWife=
|MaternalOlderUncle=
|MaternalTwinAuntsHusband=
|MaternalTwinAunt=
|MaternalYoungerAuntsHusband=
|MaternalYoungerAunt=
|MaternalOlderAuntsHusband=
|MaternalOlderAunt=
|PaternalTwinUnclesSon=
|PaternalTwinUnclesDaughter=
|PaternalYoungerUnclesSon=
|PaternalYoungerUnclesDaughter=
|PaternalOlderUnclesSon=
|PaternalOlderUnclesDaughter=
|PaternalTwinAuntsSon=
|PaternalTwinAuntsDaughter=
|PaternalYoungerAuntsSon=
|PaternalYoungerAuntsDaughter=
|PaternalOlderAuntsSon=
|PaternalOlderAuntsDaughter=
|MaternalTwinUnclesSon=
|MaternalTwinUnclesDaughter=
|MaternalYoungerUnclesSon=
|MaternalYoungerUnclesDaughter=
|MaternalOlderUnclesSon=
|MaternalOlderUnclesDaughter=
|MaternalTwinAuntsSon=
|MaternalTwinAuntsDaughter=
|MaternalYoungerAuntsSon=
|MaternalYoungerAuntsDaughter=
|MaternalOlderAuntsSon=
|MaternalOlderAuntsDaughter=
|Sister=
|Self=
|Husband=
|Wife=
|LittleSister=
|TwinSister=
|BigSister=
|BigBrother=
|TwinBrother=
|LittleBrother=
|LittleSistersHusband=
|TwinSistersHusband=
|BigSistersHusband=
|BigBrothersWife=
|TwinBrothersWife=
|LittleBrothersWife=
|MaternalAuntsSon=
|MaternalAuntsDaughter=
|MaternalUnclesSon=
|MaternalUnclesDaughter=
|HusbandSon=
|HusbandDaughter=
|WifeSon=
|WifeDaughter=
|TwinSisterNiece=
|TwinSisterNephew=
|LittleSisterNiece=
|LittleSisterNephew=
|BigSisterNiece=
|BigSisterNephew=
|TwinBrotherNiece=
|TwinBrotherNephew=
|LittleBrotherNiece=
|LittleBrotherNephew=
|BigBrotherNiece=
|BigBrotherNephew=
}}

==Example texts==
Lorem Ipsum.
[[Category:Languages]]
[[Category:Conlangs]]
[[Category:A posteriori]]
[[Category:West Germanic languages]]
[[Category:Varevonic]]

User talk:OlySlayer

2013-10-06T18:31:19Z

OlySlayer: /* Donuts. */ no linebreak

'''Welcome to ''Linguifex''!'''
We hope you will contribute much and well.
You will probably want to read the [[Help:Contents|help pages]].
Again, welcome and have fun! [[File:Zelos.png|35px|link=Linguifex:Administrators]] '''[[User Talk:EmperorZelos|Emperor Zelos]]''' 05:36, 13 May 2013 (CEST)

== Move ==

The reason we left Wikia is because those who own it are jackasses and we left the previous one because it had a near month of outage so we figured grab everything and left while we still could :) [[File:Zelos.png|35px|link=Linguifex:Administrators]] '''[[User Talk:EmperorZelos|Emperor Zelos]]''' 06:37, 13 May 2013 (CEST)

Very well, I do hope this'll be the last move :p but it's always nice to have a fresh start. :) --[[User:OlySlayer|OlySlayer]] ([[User talk:OlySlayer|talk]]) 07:33, 13 May 2013 (CEST)

Yepp! This place is much better, better layout, freedom, and we are in full control :D [[File:Zelos.png|35px|link=Linguifex:Administrators]] '''[[User Talk:EmperorZelos|Emperor Zelos]]''' 11:48, 13 May 2013 (CEST)

== Welcome!!! ==

Welcome Olykoek!

Glad to have you! Wikkii got overrun with spam and had a terrible server connection, so here we are! Want me to import your languages? :) [[File:Waahlis.png|35px|link=Linguifex:Administrators]] '''[[User talk:Waahlis|Waahlis]]''' 19:32, 13 May 2013 (CEST)

Hey, good to see ye're both active! :D That's a nice offer! I'd love if you could import the Evonish one, but I think I'll leave the others behind. :) --[[User:OlySlayer|OlySlayer]] ([[User talk:OlySlayer|talk]]) 03:49, 14 May 2013 (CEST)

Thank you! Yeah, I'm to stubborn to just give up and stop. :) Certainly, nothing else? [[File:Waahlis.png|35px|link=Linguifex:Administrators]] '''[[User talk:Waahlis|Waahlis]]''' 18:07, 14 May 2013 (CEST)

We know, 15 of my finest knives in his back, and he still went online to work :P [[File:Zelos.png|35px|link=Linguifex:Administrators]] '''[[User Talk:EmperorZelos|Emperor Zelos]]''' 18:53, 14 May 2013 (CEST)

Was it 15? Then I must've forgot to remove a few. [[File:Waahlis.png|35px|link=Linguifex:Administrators]] '''[[User talk:Waahlis|Waahlis]]''' 19:37, 14 May 2013 (CEST)

Yep that's it! I'll be reworking quite a bit of stuff in the language so its Old and Middle forms are obsolete anyway. --[[User:OlySlayer|OlySlayer]] ([[User talk:OlySlayer|talk]]) 02:09, 15 May 2013 (CEST)

== Featured language of May 2013: Voting ==

<wikiforumthread id=27/>

[[File:Waahlis.png|35px|link=Linguifex:Administrators]] '''[[User talk:Waahlis|Waahlis]]''' 20:10, 22 May 2013 (CEST)

== DA ==

Who/What are you on DA? :) ~Waahlis

[[File:Waahlis.png|35px|link=Linguifex:Administrators]] '''[[User talk:Waahlis|Waahlis]]''' 11:38, 2 July 2013 (CEST)

Well I'm a person there as well. My username is Donut-Slayer, though I really only have a bunch of old drawings. I'm probably going to put up some runic stuff or whatnot related to conlangery. :) If you look a little bit, you should be able to find our friend who wrote Oxman. --[[User:OlySlayer|OlySlayer]] ([[User talk:OlySlayer|talk]]) 19:16, 2 July 2013 (CEST)

I just sent you a message on DA; I also found Zelos's account there as well. --[[User:OlySlayer|OlySlayer]] ([[User talk:OlySlayer|talk]]) 19:26, 2 July 2013 (CEST)

Mahaha, found you first! :P Wait; person? [[File:Waahlis.png|35px|link=Linguifex:Administrators]] '''[[User talk:Waahlis|Waahlis]]''' 23:26, 2 July 2013 (CEST)

yeah, you said who/'''what''' so I reckoned I needed to tell. --[[User:OlySlayer|OlySlayer]] ([[User talk:OlySlayer|talk]]) 05:00, 3 July 2013 (CEST)

== Nominationes! ==

<wikiforumthread id=37 />

== Language Talk Page==

Hey, I just noticed you replied on your language page. I'll say there's a handy feature that lets you "watch pages" otherwise you don't get automatic notifications unless it's on your own profile's talk page.

Cheers!

-[[User:Fauxlosophe|Fauxlosophe]] ([[User talk:Fauxlosophe|talk]]) 16:42, 6 October 2013 (CEST)

Oh, thanks! I saw that before but thought I was already watching my language page. Also, for the template that's on my page, could you make one of the options for word order V2? (Sorry, I just have no idea who is commander-in-chief of the templates.) --[[User:OlySlayer|OlySlayer]] ([[User talk:OlySlayer|talk]]) 20:20, 6 October 2013 (CEST)

== Donuts. ==

So [damn] nice to have you back again! [[File:Waahlis.png|35px|link=Linguifex:Administrators]] '''[[User talk:Waahlis|Waahlis]]''' 18:50, 6 October 2013 (CEST)

Haha, thanks! and I love the title you gave this section. I had a former teacher come to our English class and he read in some Middle English, which sounded amazing and reinspired me to make this language. I also kept seeing a reminder on DA that someone's birthday is coming up! Maybe this is better written on your page, but happy birthday! (unless it actually isn't and I am making a fool of myself, haha):D --[[User:OlySlayer|OlySlayer]] ([[User talk:OlySlayer|talk]]) 20:30, 6 October 2013 (CEST)

User talk:OlySlayer

2013-10-06T18:30:43Z

OlySlayer: /* Donuts. */

'''Welcome to ''Linguifex''!'''
We hope you will contribute much and well.
You will probably want to read the [[Help:Contents|help pages]].
Again, welcome and have fun! [[File:Zelos.png|35px|link=Linguifex:Administrators]] '''[[User Talk:EmperorZelos|Emperor Zelos]]''' 05:36, 13 May 2013 (CEST)

== Move ==

The reason we left Wikia is because those who own it are jackasses and we left the previous one because it had a near month of outage so we figured grab everything and left while we still could :) [[File:Zelos.png|35px|link=Linguifex:Administrators]] '''[[User Talk:EmperorZelos|Emperor Zelos]]''' 06:37, 13 May 2013 (CEST)

Very well, I do hope this'll be the last move :p but it's always nice to have a fresh start. :) --[[User:OlySlayer|OlySlayer]] ([[User talk:OlySlayer|talk]]) 07:33, 13 May 2013 (CEST)

Yepp! This place is much better, better layout, freedom, and we are in full control :D [[File:Zelos.png|35px|link=Linguifex:Administrators]] '''[[User Talk:EmperorZelos|Emperor Zelos]]''' 11:48, 13 May 2013 (CEST)

== Welcome!!! ==

Welcome Olykoek!

Glad to have you! Wikkii got overrun with spam and had a terrible server connection, so here we are! Want me to import your languages? :) [[File:Waahlis.png|35px|link=Linguifex:Administrators]] '''[[User talk:Waahlis|Waahlis]]''' 19:32, 13 May 2013 (CEST)

Hey, good to see ye're both active! :D That's a nice offer! I'd love if you could import the Evonish one, but I think I'll leave the others behind. :) --[[User:OlySlayer|OlySlayer]] ([[User talk:OlySlayer|talk]]) 03:49, 14 May 2013 (CEST)

Thank you! Yeah, I'm to stubborn to just give up and stop. :) Certainly, nothing else? [[File:Waahlis.png|35px|link=Linguifex:Administrators]] '''[[User talk:Waahlis|Waahlis]]''' 18:07, 14 May 2013 (CEST)

We know, 15 of my finest knives in his back, and he still went online to work :P [[File:Zelos.png|35px|link=Linguifex:Administrators]] '''[[User Talk:EmperorZelos|Emperor Zelos]]''' 18:53, 14 May 2013 (CEST)

Was it 15? Then I must've forgot to remove a few. [[File:Waahlis.png|35px|link=Linguifex:Administrators]] '''[[User talk:Waahlis|Waahlis]]''' 19:37, 14 May 2013 (CEST)

Yep that's it! I'll be reworking quite a bit of stuff in the language so its Old and Middle forms are obsolete anyway. --[[User:OlySlayer|OlySlayer]] ([[User talk:OlySlayer|talk]]) 02:09, 15 May 2013 (CEST)

== Featured language of May 2013: Voting ==

<wikiforumthread id=27/>

[[File:Waahlis.png|35px|link=Linguifex:Administrators]] '''[[User talk:Waahlis|Waahlis]]''' 20:10, 22 May 2013 (CEST)

== DA ==

Who/What are you on DA? :) ~Waahlis

[[File:Waahlis.png|35px|link=Linguifex:Administrators]] '''[[User talk:Waahlis|Waahlis]]''' 11:38, 2 July 2013 (CEST)

Well I'm a person there as well. My username is Donut-Slayer, though I really only have a bunch of old drawings. I'm probably going to put up some runic stuff or whatnot related to conlangery. :) If you look a little bit, you should be able to find our friend who wrote Oxman. --[[User:OlySlayer|OlySlayer]] ([[User talk:OlySlayer|talk]]) 19:16, 2 July 2013 (CEST)

I just sent you a message on DA; I also found Zelos's account there as well. --[[User:OlySlayer|OlySlayer]] ([[User talk:OlySlayer|talk]]) 19:26, 2 July 2013 (CEST)

Mahaha, found you first! :P Wait; person? [[File:Waahlis.png|35px|link=Linguifex:Administrators]] '''[[User talk:Waahlis|Waahlis]]''' 23:26, 2 July 2013 (CEST)

yeah, you said who/'''what''' so I reckoned I needed to tell. --[[User:OlySlayer|OlySlayer]] ([[User talk:OlySlayer|talk]]) 05:00, 3 July 2013 (CEST)

== Nominationes! ==

<wikiforumthread id=37 />

== Language Talk Page==

Hey, I just noticed you replied on your language page. I'll say there's a handy feature that lets you "watch pages" otherwise you don't get automatic notifications unless it's on your own profile's talk page.

Cheers!

-[[User:Fauxlosophe|Fauxlosophe]] ([[User talk:Fauxlosophe|talk]]) 16:42, 6 October 2013 (CEST)

Oh, thanks! I saw that before but thought I was already watching my language page. Also, for the template that's on my page, could you make one of the options for word order V2? (Sorry, I just have no idea who is commander-in-chief of the templates.) --[[User:OlySlayer|OlySlayer]] ([[User talk:OlySlayer|talk]]) 20:20, 6 October 2013 (CEST)

== Donuts. ==

So [damn] nice to have you back again! [[File:Waahlis.png|35px|link=Linguifex:Administrators]] '''[[User talk:Waahlis|Waahlis]]''' 18:50, 6 October 2013 (CEST)
Haha, thanks! and I love the title you gave this section. I had a former teacher come to our English class and he read in some Middle English, which sounded amazing and reinspired me to make this language. I also kept seeing a reminder on DA that someone's birthday is coming up! Maybe this is better written on your page, but happy birthday! (unless it actually isn't and I am making a fool of myself, haha):D --[[User:OlySlayer|OlySlayer]] ([[User talk:OlySlayer|talk]]) 20:30, 6 October 2013 (CEST)

User talk:OlySlayer

2013-10-06T18:20:02Z

OlySlayer: /* Language Talk Page */

Evonish

2013-10-06T07:32:43Z

OlySlayer: /* Diacritics */

'''Evonish''' (literally angels' language) is an a-posetriori language influenced primarily influenced by West Germanic, Insular Celtic, Russian, and Japanese. Its phoneme inventory is based on [[w:General American pronunciation|General American phonology]], however it bears certain phonetic constraints similar to Japanese. Furthermore, it uses grammar that bears resemblance to European languages. The wordstock has many influences of [[w:Germanic languages|Germanic languages]], [[w:Celtic languages|Celtic languages]], [[w:Slavic languages|Slavic languages]], Japanese, and [[a priori]] vocabulary. The objectives are:
*to create a poetic, flowing language
*to preserve Celtic vocabulary
*to create a left-hand friendly writing system
''Tables are horizontally flipped intentionally.''

{{ClassMeter
|Name = Evonish
|NativeName = Evoniš
|Type = Fusional
|Alignment = Nominative-Accusative

|adjective = final
|adposition = mixed
|adverb = final
|article = final
|relativeclause = mixed
|nounclause = final
|order = SVO

|Tonal = No
|Declined = Yes
|Conjugated = Yes
|Genders = Common/Neuter
|NCase = yes
|NNumber = yes
|NDefiniteness = no
|NGender = yes
|VVoice = no
|VMood = yes
|VPerson = yes
|VNumber = yes
|VTense = yes
|VAspect = no

|Phonology=
|NounCases=
|NounDef=
|NounNumbers=
|NounGender=
|VerbPerson=
|VerbNumber=
|VerbAspect=
|VerbTense=
|VerbMood=
|VerbVoice=
|AdjCase= 0
|AdjNumber= 0
|AdjDef= 100
|AdjGen= 0
|AdjComparative= 100
|AdjSuperlative= 100
|Supine=
|Gerund=
|Participle= 100
|Infinitive= 100
|Modality=
|Words=}}
==Phonology==
Aspiration is in free variation; it does not determine another phoneme. Æ-Tensing is a process by which the vowel /æ/ is raised and lengthened to produce /æ̝ˑ/ before a nasal consonant, yet this is merely an allophone and may be ignored.
===Consonants===
Parenthesis indicate allophones.
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg"
! scope="col" style="width: 66px; text-align: center; "|Bilabial
! scope="col" style="width: 66px; text-align: center; "|Labio-dental
! scope="col" style="width: 66px; text-align: center; "|Dental
! scope="col" style="width: 66px; text-align: center; "|Alveolar
! scope="col" style="width: 66px; text-align: center; "|Post-alveolar
! scope="col" style="width: 66px; text-align: center; "|Palatal
! scope="col" style="width: 66px; text-align: center; "|Labio-velar
! scope="col" style="width: 66px; text-align: center; "|Velar
! scope="col" style="width: 66px; text-align: center; "|Glottal
! scope="col" style="width: 66px; "|
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|/m/
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|/n/
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|/ŋ/
| style="text-align: center;"|
! style="text-align: center; "|Nasal
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|/p/ /b/
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|/t/ /d/
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|/k/ /g/
| style="text-align: center;"|(ʔ)
! style="text-align: center; "|Plosive
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|/f/ /v/
| style="text-align: center;"|/θ/ /ð/
| style="text-align: center;"|/s/ /z/
| style="text-align: center;"|/ʃ/ /ʒ/
| style="text-align: center;"|(ç)
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|/x/
| style="text-align: center;"|/h/
! style="text-align: center; "|Fricative
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;" colspan="3"|/ɹ/
| style="text-align: center;"|/j/
| style="text-align: center;"|/ʍ/ /w/
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
! style="text-align: center; "|Approximant
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|/l/
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
! style="text-align: center; "|Lateral
|}

===Vowels===
Parenthesis indicate allophones. The following table includes the rhotic vowels as well.
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg"
! scope="col" style="width: 90px; text-align: center; "|Front
! scope="col" style="width: 90px; text-align: center; "|Near-front
! scope="col" style="width: 90px; text-align: center; "|Central
! scope="col" style="width: 90px; text-align: center; "|Near-back
! scope="col" style="width: 90px; text-align: center; "|Back
! scope="col" style="width: 90px; "|
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|/i/
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|/u/
! style="text-align: center; "|Close
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|/ɪ/
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|/ʊ/
| style="text-align: center;"|
! style="text-align: center; "|Near-close
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|/e/, /e˞ː/
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|/o/
! style="text-align: center; "|Close-mid
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|/ə/
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
! style="text-align: center; "|Mid
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|/ɛ/, /ɛ˞ː/
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|/ɝː/
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|/ʌ/ '''·''' /ɔ/, /ɔ˞ː/
! style="text-align: center; "|Open-mid
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|/æ/ (æ̝ˑ)
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
! style="text-align: center; "|Near-open
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|/ɑ/, /ɑ˞/
! style="text-align: center; "|Open
|}

==Writing==
'''The writing system is from right to left.'''
===Alphabet===
The twenty-eight letter alphabet is a modified Latin alphabet that contains the following characters.
*a, p, b, c, j, t, d, þ, ð, e, f, v, k, g, h, i, y, l, m, n, o, r, s, z, u, ƕ, w, x.
The [[IPA for Varevon]] is sorely out of date, and is subject to change soon.
===Diacritics===
A caron is placed over certain letters which changes them to distinct, but related sounds. These are the following letters with carons: č, ǰ, ň, š, ž. They are placed over the vowels, ǎ, ě, ǐ, ǒ, ǔ, to indicate length. Umlauts from Germanic are written as the standard vowel with an e after.

==Pronouns==
Personal pronouns are the most complex. The sole relative pronoun is [TBD].
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 500px; "
! scope="row"|Person
! scope="col"|Number
! scope="col"|Nominative
! scope="col"|Accusative
! scope="col"|Genitive
! scope="col"|Dative
|-
! rowspan="4"|Singular
!First
|Ik
|Mek
|Meyn
|Mě
|-
!Second
|Ðǔ
|Ðek
|Ðeyn
|Ðě
|-
!Common
|Sey
|
|
|
|-
!Neuter
|Hit
|Hin
|His
|Him
|-
! rowspan="3"|Plural
!First
|Wě
|Uns
|
|
|-
!Second
|Jě
|
|
|
|-
!Third
|Hě
|Hen
|Her
|Hem
|-
!Indefinite
!Reflexive
|
|Sek
|Seyn
|Sě
|-
! rowspan="2"|Interrogative
!Common
|
|
|
|
|-
!Neuter
|
|
|
|
|}

==Determiners==
The negative article is understood as indefinite; there is no negative definite article so the verb of the sentence is negated instead. Determines are key to distinguish to distinguishing gender. the E at the end of some determiner plurals is an ancient pluralizing form.

{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 500px; "
! rowspan="2" colspan="2"|Determiners
! colspan="3"|Article
! colspan="2"|Demonstrative
|-
!Definite
!Indefinite
!Negative
!Proximal
!Distal
|-
! rowspan="2"|Common
!Singular
| style="text-align: center; " rowspan=2|Ðee
| style="text-align: center; "|Een
| style="text-align: center; " rowspan=4|Neen
| style="text-align: center; "|Ðis
| style="text-align: center; "|Jeen
|-
!Plural
| style="text-align: center; "| -
| style="text-align: center; "|Ðise
| style="text-align: center; "|Jeene
|-
! rowspan="2"|Neuter
!Singular
| style="text-align: center; "|Ðat
| style="text-align: center; "|Een
| style="text-align: center; "|Ðit
| style="text-align: center; "|Jeen
|-
!Plural
| style="text-align: center; "|Ðoo
| style="text-align: center; "|Sum
| style="text-align: center; "|Ðite
| style="text-align: center; "|Jeene
|-
|}

==Table of Correlatives==
Lorem Ipsum.
==Quantifiers==
Lorem Ipsum.
==Morphology==
===Adjective===
Certain adjectives decline only in an attributive position; they do not in a predicative position. Cf. [[w:German language|German]] ''die schwarze Magd'' vs ''die Magd ist schwarz''. Some adjectives undergo mutation. Furthermore, there are many common affixes which form adjectives, whose list will be available in time.
===Noun===
Their declension depends upon case and number. The plural genitive ending is used in compound words much like kennings. Stuff about the umlaut and other hypothetical mutations. kthxbai.
====Strong====
The vowel a became associated with plural and e with singular. Vowel dropping may be apparent spoken, but it is not written, such as Engel not declining to Eng'la.
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 500px; "
!Strong - Engel (''Angel'')
!Singular
!Plural
|-
!Nominative/Accusative
|Engel
|Engelas
|-
!Genitive
|Engeles
|Engela
|-
!Dative
|Engele
|Engelam
|-
|}
====Weak====
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 500px; "
!Weak - Name (''name'')
!Singular
!Plural
|-
!Nominative/Accusative
|Name
|Namen
|-
!Genitive
|Name(n)s
|Nam(en)a
|-
!Dative
|Namen
|Namen
|-
|}
====Augmentative & Diminutive====
Lots of Stuff here
====Further forms====
The instrumental and locative forms disappeared since Old Evonish. The traditional vocative is formed with the clitic O' and use the N/A conjugation. Some nouns are of an ancient class with r in the plural

===Verb===
Verbs or verb forms in quotes are either an English equivalent or a work in progress. The infinitives of the frequentative form are -eln and -ern; these can be made of many verbs. The infinitive form in Evonish is the lemma form of the verb, meaning it is the one used in dictionaries. The primary aspects are simple, perfect, progressive, habitual, and inchoative. Simple aspect is used for:
*Stative verbs
*Gnomic aspect
Further aspects are formed by nonstandard ways or purely by context.
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 500px"
|-
!Form
! colspan="2"| Suffix
|-
!Lemma
| colspan="2"|
|-
!Frequentative
| colspan="2"|
|-
!Aspect
!Main
!Auxiliary
|-
!Habitual
|infinitive
|"to do"
|-
!Inchoative
|supine
|"to begin"
|-
!Perfect
|past participle
|"to have"
|-
!Progressive
|present participle
|"to be"
|-
!Tense
!Person
!Auxiliary
|-
! rowspan="3"| Future
|First
|"shall"
|-
|Second
|"will"
|-
|Third
|"go"
|-
|}
The particle [TBD] after the main verb negates the verb. The following table shows the conjugation of the verb fällen, a weak 1 class verb. The auxiliary verbs in the table are the verbs used with the participles to form two different aspects.
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width: 500px; "
! colspan="3"|
!
|-
! rowspan="3" |Nonfinite
!Infinitive
|
|
|-
!Gerund
|
|
|-
!Supine
|
|
|-
! rowspan="3" |Participle
!Tense
!Positive
!Negative
|-
!Present
|
|
|-
!Past
|
|
|-
!Mood
!Tense
!Singular
!Plural
|-
! rowspan="6" |Indicative
! rowspan="3" |Present
|
|[TBD]
|-
|
|[TBD]
|-
|
|[TBD]
|-
! rowspan="3" |Past
|
|[TBD]
|-
|[TBD]
|[TBD]
|-
|[TBD]
|[TBD]
|-
! rowspan="2" |Subjunctive
!Nonpast
|
|
|-
!Past
|
|
|-
!Imperative
!Present
|
|
|-
|}

==Syntax==
===Comparisons===
Comparative forms use a particle followed by the noun(s) being compared to. Depending on that noun's case will determine which noun is first making the comparison. These can imply drastically different meanings, for example:
*"He ate pie quicker than '''I'''" would yield "than I ate pie" (in this example the compared noun is in the nominative).
*"He ate pie quicker than '''me'''" would yield "than he ate me" (in this example the compared noun is in the accusative).

===Word Order===
The standard word order is V2; when a phrase, clause, adverb, or adjective precedes the subject for emphasis, the second argument is always the verb. This can be demonstrated in the somewhat archaic or fanciful use "''From the ground'' '''grew''' the tree." Word order is flexible due to conjugations however the primary form for independent clauses is Subject-Verb-Object. Questions without interrogative pronouns(yes or no) have verb first and subject second.
Dependent clauses have a special word order:
*Subject
*Indirect Object
*Direct Object
*Instrument
*Verb.
Relative clauses follow the same pattern as independent clauses when appended to independent clauses and follow the dependent pattern when appended to a dependent clause.
==Dictionary==
{{Kinship
|PaternalGrandMother=
|PaternalGrandFather=
|MaternalGrandMother=
|MaternalGrandFather=
|PaternalAuntsHusband=
|PaternalAunt=
|PaternalUnclesWife=
|PaternalUncle=
|Father=
|Mother=
|PaternalTwinUnclesWife=
|PaternalTwinUncle=
|PaternalYoungerUnclesWife=
|PaternalYoungerUncle=
|PaternalOlderUnclesWife=
|PaternalOlderUncle=
|PaternalTwinAuntsHusband=
|PaternalTwinAunt=
|PaternalYoungerAuntsHusband=
|PaternalYoungerAunt=
|PaternalOlderAuntsHusband=
|PaternalOlderAunt=
|MaternalTwinUnclesWife=
|MaternalTwinUncle=
|MaternalYoungerUnclesWife=
|MaternalYoungerUncle=
|MaternalOlderUnclesWife=
|MaternalOlderUncle=
|MaternalTwinAuntsHusband=
|MaternalTwinAunt=
|MaternalYoungerAuntsHusband=
|MaternalYoungerAunt=
|MaternalOlderAuntsHusband=
|MaternalOlderAunt=
|PaternalTwinUnclesSon=
|PaternalTwinUnclesDaughter=
|PaternalYoungerUnclesSon=
|PaternalYoungerUnclesDaughter=
|PaternalOlderUnclesSon=
|PaternalOlderUnclesDaughter=
|PaternalTwinAuntsSon=
|PaternalTwinAuntsDaughter=
|PaternalYoungerAuntsSon=
|PaternalYoungerAuntsDaughter=
|PaternalOlderAuntsSon=
|PaternalOlderAuntsDaughter=
|MaternalTwinUnclesSon=
|MaternalTwinUnclesDaughter=
|MaternalYoungerUnclesSon=
|MaternalYoungerUnclesDaughter=
|MaternalOlderUnclesSon=
|MaternalOlderUnclesDaughter=
|MaternalTwinAuntsSon=
|MaternalTwinAuntsDaughter=
|MaternalYoungerAuntsSon=
|MaternalYoungerAuntsDaughter=
|MaternalOlderAuntsSon=
|MaternalOlderAuntsDaughter=
|Sister=
|Self=
|Husband=
|Wife=
|LittleSister=
|TwinSister=
|BigSister=
|BigBrother=
|TwinBrother=
|LittleBrother=
|LittleSistersHusband=
|TwinSistersHusband=
|BigSistersHusband=
|BigBrothersWife=
|TwinBrothersWife=
|LittleBrothersWife=
|MaternalAuntsSon=
|MaternalAuntsDaughter=
|MaternalUnclesSon=
|MaternalUnclesDaughter=
|HusbandSon=
|HusbandDaughter=
|WifeSon=
|WifeDaughter=
|TwinSisterNiece=
|TwinSisterNephew=
|LittleSisterNiece=
|LittleSisterNephew=
|BigSisterNiece=
|BigSisterNephew=
|TwinBrotherNiece=
|TwinBrotherNephew=
|LittleBrotherNiece=
|LittleBrotherNephew=
|BigBrotherNiece=
|BigBrotherNephew=
}}

==Example texts==
Lorem Ipsum.
[[Category:Languages]]
[[Category:Conlangs]]
[[Category:A posteriori]]
[[Category:West Germanic languages]]
[[Category:Varevonic]]

Evonish

2013-10-06T07:30:34Z

OlySlayer: /* Pronouns */

'''Evonish''' (literally angels' language) is an a-posetriori language influenced primarily influenced by West Germanic, Insular Celtic, Russian, and Japanese. Its phoneme inventory is based on [[w:General American pronunciation|General American phonology]], however it bears certain phonetic constraints similar to Japanese. Furthermore, it uses grammar that bears resemblance to European languages. The wordstock has many influences of [[w:Germanic languages|Germanic languages]], [[w:Celtic languages|Celtic languages]], [[w:Slavic languages|Slavic languages]], Japanese, and [[a priori]] vocabulary. The objectives are:
*to create a poetic, flowing language
*to preserve Celtic vocabulary
*to create a left-hand friendly writing system
''Tables are horizontally flipped intentionally.''

{{ClassMeter
|Name = Evonish
|NativeName = Evoniš
|Type = Fusional
|Alignment = Nominative-Accusative

|adjective = final
|adposition = mixed
|adverb = final
|article = final
|relativeclause = mixed
|nounclause = final
|order = SVO

|Tonal = No
|Declined = Yes
|Conjugated = Yes
|Genders = Common/Neuter
|NCase = yes
|NNumber = yes
|NDefiniteness = no
|NGender = yes
|VVoice = no
|VMood = yes
|VPerson = yes
|VNumber = yes
|VTense = yes
|VAspect = no

|Phonology=
|NounCases=
|NounDef=
|NounNumbers=
|NounGender=
|VerbPerson=
|VerbNumber=
|VerbAspect=
|VerbTense=
|VerbMood=
|VerbVoice=
|AdjCase= 0
|AdjNumber= 0
|AdjDef= 100
|AdjGen= 0
|AdjComparative= 100
|AdjSuperlative= 100
|Supine=
|Gerund=
|Participle= 100
|Infinitive= 100
|Modality=
|Words=}}
==Phonology==
Aspiration is in free variation; it does not determine another phoneme. Æ-Tensing is a process by which the vowel /æ/ is raised and lengthened to produce /æ̝ˑ/ before a nasal consonant, yet this is merely an allophone and may be ignored.
===Consonants===
Parenthesis indicate allophones.
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg"
! scope="col" style="width: 66px; text-align: center; "|Bilabial
! scope="col" style="width: 66px; text-align: center; "|Labio-dental
! scope="col" style="width: 66px; text-align: center; "|Dental
! scope="col" style="width: 66px; text-align: center; "|Alveolar
! scope="col" style="width: 66px; text-align: center; "|Post-alveolar
! scope="col" style="width: 66px; text-align: center; "|Palatal
! scope="col" style="width: 66px; text-align: center; "|Labio-velar
! scope="col" style="width: 66px; text-align: center; "|Velar
! scope="col" style="width: 66px; text-align: center; "|Glottal
! scope="col" style="width: 66px; "|
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|/m/
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|/n/
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|/ŋ/
| style="text-align: center;"|
! style="text-align: center; "|Nasal
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|/p/ /b/
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|/t/ /d/
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|/k/ /g/
| style="text-align: center;"|(ʔ)
! style="text-align: center; "|Plosive
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|/f/ /v/
| style="text-align: center;"|/θ/ /ð/
| style="text-align: center;"|/s/ /z/
| style="text-align: center;"|/ʃ/ /ʒ/
| style="text-align: center;"|(ç)
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|/x/
| style="text-align: center;"|/h/
! style="text-align: center; "|Fricative
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;" colspan="3"|/ɹ/
| style="text-align: center;"|/j/
| style="text-align: center;"|/ʍ/ /w/
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
! style="text-align: center; "|Approximant
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|/l/
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
! style="text-align: center; "|Lateral
|}

===Vowels===
Parenthesis indicate allophones. The following table includes the rhotic vowels as well.
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg"
! scope="col" style="width: 90px; text-align: center; "|Front
! scope="col" style="width: 90px; text-align: center; "|Near-front
! scope="col" style="width: 90px; text-align: center; "|Central
! scope="col" style="width: 90px; text-align: center; "|Near-back
! scope="col" style="width: 90px; text-align: center; "|Back
! scope="col" style="width: 90px; "|
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|/i/
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|/u/
! style="text-align: center; "|Close
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|/ɪ/
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|/ʊ/
| style="text-align: center;"|
! style="text-align: center; "|Near-close
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|/e/, /e˞ː/
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|/o/
! style="text-align: center; "|Close-mid
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|/ə/
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
! style="text-align: center; "|Mid
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|/ɛ/, /ɛ˞ː/
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|/ɝː/
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|/ʌ/ '''·''' /ɔ/, /ɔ˞ː/
! style="text-align: center; "|Open-mid
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|/æ/ (æ̝ˑ)
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
! style="text-align: center; "|Near-open
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|/ɑ/, /ɑ˞/
! style="text-align: center; "|Open
|}

==Writing==
'''The writing system is from right to left.'''
===Alphabet===
The twenty-eight letter alphabet is a modified Latin alphabet that contains the following characters.
*a, p, b, c, j, t, d, þ, ð, e, f, v, k, g, h, i, y, l, m, n, o, r, s, z, u, ƕ, w, x.
The [[IPA for Varevon]] is sorely out of date, and is subject to change soon.
===Diacritics===
A caron is placed over certain letters which changes them to distinct, but related sounds. These are the following letters with carons: č, ǰ, ň, š, ž. Umlauts from Germanic are written as the standard vowel with an e after.

==Pronouns==
Personal pronouns are the most complex. The sole relative pronoun is [TBD].
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 500px; "
! scope="row"|Person
! scope="col"|Number
! scope="col"|Nominative
! scope="col"|Accusative
! scope="col"|Genitive
! scope="col"|Dative
|-
! rowspan="4"|Singular
!First
|Ik
|Mek
|Meyn
|Mě
|-
!Second
|Ðǔ
|Ðek
|Ðeyn
|Ðě
|-
!Common
|Sey
|
|
|
|-
!Neuter
|Hit
|Hin
|His
|Him
|-
! rowspan="3"|Plural
!First
|Wě
|Uns
|
|
|-
!Second
|Jě
|
|
|
|-
!Third
|Hě
|Hen
|Her
|Hem
|-
!Indefinite
!Reflexive
|
|Sek
|Seyn
|Sě
|-
! rowspan="2"|Interrogative
!Common
|
|
|
|
|-
!Neuter
|
|
|
|
|}

==Determiners==
The negative article is understood as indefinite; there is no negative definite article so the verb of the sentence is negated instead. Determines are key to distinguish to distinguishing gender. the E at the end of some determiner plurals is an ancient pluralizing form.

{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 500px; "
! rowspan="2" colspan="2"|Determiners
! colspan="3"|Article
! colspan="2"|Demonstrative
|-
!Definite
!Indefinite
!Negative
!Proximal
!Distal
|-
! rowspan="2"|Common
!Singular
| style="text-align: center; " rowspan=2|Ðee
| style="text-align: center; "|Een
| style="text-align: center; " rowspan=4|Neen
| style="text-align: center; "|Ðis
| style="text-align: center; "|Jeen
|-
!Plural
| style="text-align: center; "| -
| style="text-align: center; "|Ðise
| style="text-align: center; "|Jeene
|-
! rowspan="2"|Neuter
!Singular
| style="text-align: center; "|Ðat
| style="text-align: center; "|Een
| style="text-align: center; "|Ðit
| style="text-align: center; "|Jeen
|-
!Plural
| style="text-align: center; "|Ðoo
| style="text-align: center; "|Sum
| style="text-align: center; "|Ðite
| style="text-align: center; "|Jeene
|-
|}

==Table of Correlatives==
Lorem Ipsum.
==Quantifiers==
Lorem Ipsum.
==Morphology==
===Adjective===
Certain adjectives decline only in an attributive position; they do not in a predicative position. Cf. [[w:German language|German]] ''die schwarze Magd'' vs ''die Magd ist schwarz''. Some adjectives undergo mutation. Furthermore, there are many common affixes which form adjectives, whose list will be available in time.
===Noun===
Their declension depends upon case and number. The plural genitive ending is used in compound words much like kennings. Stuff about the umlaut and other hypothetical mutations. kthxbai.
====Strong====
The vowel a became associated with plural and e with singular. Vowel dropping may be apparent spoken, but it is not written, such as Engel not declining to Eng'la.
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 500px; "
!Strong - Engel (''Angel'')
!Singular
!Plural
|-
!Nominative/Accusative
|Engel
|Engelas
|-
!Genitive
|Engeles
|Engela
|-
!Dative
|Engele
|Engelam
|-
|}
====Weak====
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 500px; "
!Weak - Name (''name'')
!Singular
!Plural
|-
!Nominative/Accusative
|Name
|Namen
|-
!Genitive
|Name(n)s
|Nam(en)a
|-
!Dative
|Namen
|Namen
|-
|}
====Augmentative & Diminutive====
Lots of Stuff here
====Further forms====
The instrumental and locative forms disappeared since Old Evonish. The traditional vocative is formed with the clitic O' and use the N/A conjugation. Some nouns are of an ancient class with r in the plural

===Verb===
Verbs or verb forms in quotes are either an English equivalent or a work in progress. The infinitives of the frequentative form are -eln and -ern; these can be made of many verbs. The infinitive form in Evonish is the lemma form of the verb, meaning it is the one used in dictionaries. The primary aspects are simple, perfect, progressive, habitual, and inchoative. Simple aspect is used for:
*Stative verbs
*Gnomic aspect
Further aspects are formed by nonstandard ways or purely by context.
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 500px"
|-
!Form
! colspan="2"| Suffix
|-
!Lemma
| colspan="2"|
|-
!Frequentative
| colspan="2"|
|-
!Aspect
!Main
!Auxiliary
|-
!Habitual
|infinitive
|"to do"
|-
!Inchoative
|supine
|"to begin"
|-
!Perfect
|past participle
|"to have"
|-
!Progressive
|present participle
|"to be"
|-
!Tense
!Person
!Auxiliary
|-
! rowspan="3"| Future
|First
|"shall"
|-
|Second
|"will"
|-
|Third
|"go"
|-
|}
The particle [TBD] after the main verb negates the verb. The following table shows the conjugation of the verb fällen, a weak 1 class verb. The auxiliary verbs in the table are the verbs used with the participles to form two different aspects.
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width: 500px; "
! colspan="3"|
!
|-
! rowspan="3" |Nonfinite
!Infinitive
|
|
|-
!Gerund
|
|
|-
!Supine
|
|
|-
! rowspan="3" |Participle
!Tense
!Positive
!Negative
|-
!Present
|
|
|-
!Past
|
|
|-
!Mood
!Tense
!Singular
!Plural
|-
! rowspan="6" |Indicative
! rowspan="3" |Present
|
|[TBD]
|-
|
|[TBD]
|-
|
|[TBD]
|-
! rowspan="3" |Past
|
|[TBD]
|-
|[TBD]
|[TBD]
|-
|[TBD]
|[TBD]
|-
! rowspan="2" |Subjunctive
!Nonpast
|
|
|-
!Past
|
|
|-
!Imperative
!Present
|
|
|-
|}

==Syntax==
===Comparisons===
Comparative forms use a particle followed by the noun(s) being compared to. Depending on that noun's case will determine which noun is first making the comparison. These can imply drastically different meanings, for example:
*"He ate pie quicker than '''I'''" would yield "than I ate pie" (in this example the compared noun is in the nominative).
*"He ate pie quicker than '''me'''" would yield "than he ate me" (in this example the compared noun is in the accusative).

===Word Order===
The standard word order is V2; when a phrase, clause, adverb, or adjective precedes the subject for emphasis, the second argument is always the verb. This can be demonstrated in the somewhat archaic or fanciful use "''From the ground'' '''grew''' the tree." Word order is flexible due to conjugations however the primary form for independent clauses is Subject-Verb-Object. Questions without interrogative pronouns(yes or no) have verb first and subject second.
Dependent clauses have a special word order:
*Subject
*Indirect Object
*Direct Object
*Instrument
*Verb.
Relative clauses follow the same pattern as independent clauses when appended to independent clauses and follow the dependent pattern when appended to a dependent clause.
==Dictionary==
{{Kinship
|PaternalGrandMother=
|PaternalGrandFather=
|MaternalGrandMother=
|MaternalGrandFather=
|PaternalAuntsHusband=
|PaternalAunt=
|PaternalUnclesWife=
|PaternalUncle=
|Father=
|Mother=
|PaternalTwinUnclesWife=
|PaternalTwinUncle=
|PaternalYoungerUnclesWife=
|PaternalYoungerUncle=
|PaternalOlderUnclesWife=
|PaternalOlderUncle=
|PaternalTwinAuntsHusband=
|PaternalTwinAunt=
|PaternalYoungerAuntsHusband=
|PaternalYoungerAunt=
|PaternalOlderAuntsHusband=
|PaternalOlderAunt=
|MaternalTwinUnclesWife=
|MaternalTwinUncle=
|MaternalYoungerUnclesWife=
|MaternalYoungerUncle=
|MaternalOlderUnclesWife=
|MaternalOlderUncle=
|MaternalTwinAuntsHusband=
|MaternalTwinAunt=
|MaternalYoungerAuntsHusband=
|MaternalYoungerAunt=
|MaternalOlderAuntsHusband=
|MaternalOlderAunt=
|PaternalTwinUnclesSon=
|PaternalTwinUnclesDaughter=
|PaternalYoungerUnclesSon=
|PaternalYoungerUnclesDaughter=
|PaternalOlderUnclesSon=
|PaternalOlderUnclesDaughter=
|PaternalTwinAuntsSon=
|PaternalTwinAuntsDaughter=
|PaternalYoungerAuntsSon=
|PaternalYoungerAuntsDaughter=
|PaternalOlderAuntsSon=
|PaternalOlderAuntsDaughter=
|MaternalTwinUnclesSon=
|MaternalTwinUnclesDaughter=
|MaternalYoungerUnclesSon=
|MaternalYoungerUnclesDaughter=
|MaternalOlderUnclesSon=
|MaternalOlderUnclesDaughter=
|MaternalTwinAuntsSon=
|MaternalTwinAuntsDaughter=
|MaternalYoungerAuntsSon=
|MaternalYoungerAuntsDaughter=
|MaternalOlderAuntsSon=
|MaternalOlderAuntsDaughter=
|Sister=
|Self=
|Husband=
|Wife=
|LittleSister=
|TwinSister=
|BigSister=
|BigBrother=
|TwinBrother=
|LittleBrother=
|LittleSistersHusband=
|TwinSistersHusband=
|BigSistersHusband=
|BigBrothersWife=
|TwinBrothersWife=
|LittleBrothersWife=
|MaternalAuntsSon=
|MaternalAuntsDaughter=
|MaternalUnclesSon=
|MaternalUnclesDaughter=
|HusbandSon=
|HusbandDaughter=
|WifeSon=
|WifeDaughter=
|TwinSisterNiece=
|TwinSisterNephew=
|LittleSisterNiece=
|LittleSisterNephew=
|BigSisterNiece=
|BigSisterNephew=
|TwinBrotherNiece=
|TwinBrotherNephew=
|LittleBrotherNiece=
|LittleBrotherNephew=
|BigBrotherNiece=
|BigBrotherNephew=
}}

==Example texts==
Lorem Ipsum.
[[Category:Languages]]
[[Category:Conlangs]]
[[Category:A posteriori]]
[[Category:West Germanic languages]]
[[Category:Varevonic]]

Talk:Varevon

2013-10-06T07:23:38Z

OlySlayer: OlySlayer moved page Talk:Varevon to Talk:Evonish: Ok, I promise I won't change it again, anytime soon.

#REDIRECT [[Talk:Evonish]]

Talk:Evonish

2013-10-06T07:23:38Z

OlySlayer: OlySlayer moved page Talk:Varevon to Talk:Evonish: Ok, I promise I won't change it again, anytime soon.

I am down for 3/4 of these goals. Yes.

Except I pretty well run off of context and I feel like it's one of the cooler things in some languages to run off it by dropping useless participles to get to the point. Languages should just say what they need to say! Plus, if there's no ambiguity then puns will be a dead artform.

All the same, I'll keep an eye on this (If only because, if you traded out Slavic for French/Romantic, you'd basically have the same influences as Fén)

Cheers,
--[[User:Fauxlosophe|Fauxlosophe]] ([[User talk:Fauxlosophe|talk]]) 04:42, 17 August 2013 (CEST)

Wow what the heck, Linguifex never informed me of this comment. Thanks for the feedback, I'm thinking you're right about context, but I can never seem to make up my mind about where to start. I see you guys doing cool relay shennanigans now with your languages and I've been sitting here 3 years and have made nothing. How did you manage to make Fén I wonder? --[[User:OlySlayer|OlySlayer]] ([[User talk:OlySlayer|talk]]) 03:44, 3 September 2013 (CEST)

Evonish

2013-10-06T07:23:37Z

OlySlayer: OlySlayer moved page Varevon to Evonish over redirect: Ok, I promise I won't change it again, anytime soon.

'''Evonish''' (literally angels' language) is an a-posetriori language influenced primarily influenced by West Germanic, Insular Celtic, Russian, and Japanese. Its phoneme inventory is based on [[w:General American pronunciation|General American phonology]], however it bears certain phonetic constraints similar to Japanese. Furthermore, it uses grammar that bears resemblance to European languages. The wordstock has many influences of [[w:Germanic languages|Germanic languages]], [[w:Celtic languages|Celtic languages]], [[w:Slavic languages|Slavic languages]], Japanese, and [[a priori]] vocabulary. The objectives are:
*to create a poetic, flowing language
*to preserve Celtic vocabulary
*to create a left-hand friendly writing system
''Tables are horizontally flipped intentionally.''

{{ClassMeter
|Name = Evonish
|NativeName = Evoniš
|Type = Fusional
|Alignment = Nominative-Accusative

|adjective = final
|adposition = mixed
|adverb = final
|article = final
|relativeclause = mixed
|nounclause = final
|order = SVO

|Tonal = No
|Declined = Yes
|Conjugated = Yes
|Genders = Common/Neuter
|NCase = yes
|NNumber = yes
|NDefiniteness = no
|NGender = yes
|VVoice = no
|VMood = yes
|VPerson = yes
|VNumber = yes
|VTense = yes
|VAspect = no

|Phonology=
|NounCases=
|NounDef=
|NounNumbers=
|NounGender=
|VerbPerson=
|VerbNumber=
|VerbAspect=
|VerbTense=
|VerbMood=
|VerbVoice=
|AdjCase= 0
|AdjNumber= 0
|AdjDef= 100
|AdjGen= 0
|AdjComparative= 100
|AdjSuperlative= 100
|Supine=
|Gerund=
|Participle= 100
|Infinitive= 100
|Modality=
|Words=}}
==Phonology==
Aspiration is in free variation; it does not determine another phoneme. Æ-Tensing is a process by which the vowel /æ/ is raised and lengthened to produce /æ̝ˑ/ before a nasal consonant, yet this is merely an allophone and may be ignored.
===Consonants===
Parenthesis indicate allophones.
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg"
! scope="col" style="width: 66px; text-align: center; "|Bilabial
! scope="col" style="width: 66px; text-align: center; "|Labio-dental
! scope="col" style="width: 66px; text-align: center; "|Dental
! scope="col" style="width: 66px; text-align: center; "|Alveolar
! scope="col" style="width: 66px; text-align: center; "|Post-alveolar
! scope="col" style="width: 66px; text-align: center; "|Palatal
! scope="col" style="width: 66px; text-align: center; "|Labio-velar
! scope="col" style="width: 66px; text-align: center; "|Velar
! scope="col" style="width: 66px; text-align: center; "|Glottal
! scope="col" style="width: 66px; "|
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|/m/
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|/n/
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|/ŋ/
| style="text-align: center;"|
! style="text-align: center; "|Nasal
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|/p/ /b/
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|/t/ /d/
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|/k/ /g/
| style="text-align: center;"|(ʔ)
! style="text-align: center; "|Plosive
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|/f/ /v/
| style="text-align: center;"|/θ/ /ð/
| style="text-align: center;"|/s/ /z/
| style="text-align: center;"|/ʃ/ /ʒ/
| style="text-align: center;"|(ç)
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|/x/
| style="text-align: center;"|/h/
! style="text-align: center; "|Fricative
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;" colspan="3"|/ɹ/
| style="text-align: center;"|/j/
| style="text-align: center;"|/ʍ/ /w/
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
! style="text-align: center; "|Approximant
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|/l/
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
! style="text-align: center; "|Lateral
|}

===Vowels===
Parenthesis indicate allophones. The following table includes the rhotic vowels as well.
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg"
! scope="col" style="width: 90px; text-align: center; "|Front
! scope="col" style="width: 90px; text-align: center; "|Near-front
! scope="col" style="width: 90px; text-align: center; "|Central
! scope="col" style="width: 90px; text-align: center; "|Near-back
! scope="col" style="width: 90px; text-align: center; "|Back
! scope="col" style="width: 90px; "|
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|/i/
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|/u/
! style="text-align: center; "|Close
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|/ɪ/
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|/ʊ/
| style="text-align: center;"|
! style="text-align: center; "|Near-close
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|/e/, /e˞ː/
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|/o/
! style="text-align: center; "|Close-mid
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|/ə/
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
! style="text-align: center; "|Mid
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|/ɛ/, /ɛ˞ː/
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|/ɝː/
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|/ʌ/ '''·''' /ɔ/, /ɔ˞ː/
! style="text-align: center; "|Open-mid
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|/æ/ (æ̝ˑ)
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
! style="text-align: center; "|Near-open
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|/ɑ/, /ɑ˞/
! style="text-align: center; "|Open
|}

==Writing==
'''The writing system is from right to left.'''
===Alphabet===
The twenty-eight letter alphabet is a modified Latin alphabet that contains the following characters.
*a, p, b, c, j, t, d, þ, ð, e, f, v, k, g, h, i, y, l, m, n, o, r, s, z, u, ƕ, w, x.
The [[IPA for Varevon]] is sorely out of date, and is subject to change soon.
===Diacritics===
A caron is placed over certain letters which changes them to distinct, but related sounds. These are the following letters with carons: č, ǰ, ň, š, ž. Umlauts from Germanic are written as the standard vowel with an e after.

==Pronouns==
Personal pronouns are the most complex. The sole relative pronoun is [TBD].
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 500px; "
! scope="row"|Person
! scope="col"|Number
! scope="col"|Nominative
! scope="col"|Accusative
! scope="col"|Genitive
! scope="col"|Dative
|-
! rowspan="4"|Singular
!First
|Ik
|Mek
|Meyn
|Mee
|-
!Second
|Þuu
|Þek
|Þeyn
|Þee
|-
!Common
|Sey
|
|
|
|-
!Neuter
|Hit
|Hin
|His
|Him
|-
! rowspan="3"|Plural
!First
|Wee
|Uns
|
|
|-
!Second
|Jee
|
|
|
|-
!Third
|Hee
|Hen
|Her
|Hem
|-
!Indefinite
!Reflexive
|Yr
|Sek
|Seyn
|See
|-
! rowspan="2"|Interrogative
!Common
|
|
|
|
|-
!Neuter
|
|
|
|
|}

==Determiners==
The negative article is understood as indefinite; there is no negative definite article so the verb of the sentence is negated instead. Determines are key to distinguish to distinguishing gender. the E at the end of some determiner plurals is an ancient pluralizing form.

{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 500px; "
! rowspan="2" colspan="2"|Determiners
! colspan="3"|Article
! colspan="2"|Demonstrative
|-
!Definite
!Indefinite
!Negative
!Proximal
!Distal
|-
! rowspan="2"|Common
!Singular
| style="text-align: center; " rowspan=2|Ðee
| style="text-align: center; "|Een
| style="text-align: center; " rowspan=4|Neen
| style="text-align: center; "|Ðis
| style="text-align: center; "|Jeen
|-
!Plural
| style="text-align: center; "| -
| style="text-align: center; "|Ðise
| style="text-align: center; "|Jeene
|-
! rowspan="2"|Neuter
!Singular
| style="text-align: center; "|Ðat
| style="text-align: center; "|Een
| style="text-align: center; "|Ðit
| style="text-align: center; "|Jeen
|-
!Plural
| style="text-align: center; "|Ðoo
| style="text-align: center; "|Sum
| style="text-align: center; "|Ðite
| style="text-align: center; "|Jeene
|-
|}

==Table of Correlatives==
Lorem Ipsum.
==Quantifiers==
Lorem Ipsum.
==Morphology==
===Adjective===
Certain adjectives decline only in an attributive position; they do not in a predicative position. Cf. [[w:German language|German]] ''die schwarze Magd'' vs ''die Magd ist schwarz''. Some adjectives undergo mutation. Furthermore, there are many common affixes which form adjectives, whose list will be available in time.
===Noun===
Their declension depends upon case and number. The plural genitive ending is used in compound words much like kennings. Stuff about the umlaut and other hypothetical mutations. kthxbai.
====Strong====
The vowel a became associated with plural and e with singular. Vowel dropping may be apparent spoken, but it is not written, such as Engel not declining to Eng'la.
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 500px; "
!Strong - Engel (''Angel'')
!Singular
!Plural
|-
!Nominative/Accusative
|Engel
|Engelas
|-
!Genitive
|Engeles
|Engela
|-
!Dative
|Engele
|Engelam
|-
|}
====Weak====
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 500px; "
!Weak - Name (''name'')
!Singular
!Plural
|-
!Nominative/Accusative
|Name
|Namen
|-
!Genitive
|Name(n)s
|Nam(en)a
|-
!Dative
|Namen
|Namen
|-
|}
====Augmentative & Diminutive====
Lots of Stuff here
====Further forms====
The instrumental and locative forms disappeared since Old Evonish. The traditional vocative is formed with the clitic O' and use the N/A conjugation. Some nouns are of an ancient class with r in the plural

===Verb===
Verbs or verb forms in quotes are either an English equivalent or a work in progress. The infinitives of the frequentative form are -eln and -ern; these can be made of many verbs. The infinitive form in Evonish is the lemma form of the verb, meaning it is the one used in dictionaries. The primary aspects are simple, perfect, progressive, habitual, and inchoative. Simple aspect is used for:
*Stative verbs
*Gnomic aspect
Further aspects are formed by nonstandard ways or purely by context.
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 500px"
|-
!Form
! colspan="2"| Suffix
|-
!Lemma
| colspan="2"|
|-
!Frequentative
| colspan="2"|
|-
!Aspect
!Main
!Auxiliary
|-
!Habitual
|infinitive
|"to do"
|-
!Inchoative
|supine
|"to begin"
|-
!Perfect
|past participle
|"to have"
|-
!Progressive
|present participle
|"to be"
|-
!Tense
!Person
!Auxiliary
|-
! rowspan="3"| Future
|First
|"shall"
|-
|Second
|"will"
|-
|Third
|"go"
|-
|}
The particle [TBD] after the main verb negates the verb. The following table shows the conjugation of the verb fällen, a weak 1 class verb. The auxiliary verbs in the table are the verbs used with the participles to form two different aspects.
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width: 500px; "
! colspan="3"|
!
|-
! rowspan="3" |Nonfinite
!Infinitive
|
|
|-
!Gerund
|
|
|-
!Supine
|
|
|-
! rowspan="3" |Participle
!Tense
!Positive
!Negative
|-
!Present
|
|
|-
!Past
|
|
|-
!Mood
!Tense
!Singular
!Plural
|-
! rowspan="6" |Indicative
! rowspan="3" |Present
|
|[TBD]
|-
|
|[TBD]
|-
|
|[TBD]
|-
! rowspan="3" |Past
|
|[TBD]
|-
|[TBD]
|[TBD]
|-
|[TBD]
|[TBD]
|-
! rowspan="2" |Subjunctive
!Nonpast
|
|
|-
!Past
|
|
|-
!Imperative
!Present
|
|
|-
|}

==Syntax==
===Comparisons===
Comparative forms use a particle followed by the noun(s) being compared to. Depending on that noun's case will determine which noun is first making the comparison. These can imply drastically different meanings, for example:
*"He ate pie quicker than '''I'''" would yield "than I ate pie" (in this example the compared noun is in the nominative).
*"He ate pie quicker than '''me'''" would yield "than he ate me" (in this example the compared noun is in the accusative).

===Word Order===
The standard word order is V2; when a phrase, clause, adverb, or adjective precedes the subject for emphasis, the second argument is always the verb. This can be demonstrated in the somewhat archaic or fanciful use "''From the ground'' '''grew''' the tree." Word order is flexible due to conjugations however the primary form for independent clauses is Subject-Verb-Object. Questions without interrogative pronouns(yes or no) have verb first and subject second.
Dependent clauses have a special word order:
*Subject
*Indirect Object
*Direct Object
*Instrument
*Verb.
Relative clauses follow the same pattern as independent clauses when appended to independent clauses and follow the dependent pattern when appended to a dependent clause.
==Dictionary==
{{Kinship
|PaternalGrandMother=
|PaternalGrandFather=
|MaternalGrandMother=
|MaternalGrandFather=
|PaternalAuntsHusband=
|PaternalAunt=
|PaternalUnclesWife=
|PaternalUncle=
|Father=
|Mother=
|PaternalTwinUnclesWife=
|PaternalTwinUncle=
|PaternalYoungerUnclesWife=
|PaternalYoungerUncle=
|PaternalOlderUnclesWife=
|PaternalOlderUncle=
|PaternalTwinAuntsHusband=
|PaternalTwinAunt=
|PaternalYoungerAuntsHusband=
|PaternalYoungerAunt=
|PaternalOlderAuntsHusband=
|PaternalOlderAunt=
|MaternalTwinUnclesWife=
|MaternalTwinUncle=
|MaternalYoungerUnclesWife=
|MaternalYoungerUncle=
|MaternalOlderUnclesWife=
|MaternalOlderUncle=
|MaternalTwinAuntsHusband=
|MaternalTwinAunt=
|MaternalYoungerAuntsHusband=
|MaternalYoungerAunt=
|MaternalOlderAuntsHusband=
|MaternalOlderAunt=
|PaternalTwinUnclesSon=
|PaternalTwinUnclesDaughter=
|PaternalYoungerUnclesSon=
|PaternalYoungerUnclesDaughter=
|PaternalOlderUnclesSon=
|PaternalOlderUnclesDaughter=
|PaternalTwinAuntsSon=
|PaternalTwinAuntsDaughter=
|PaternalYoungerAuntsSon=
|PaternalYoungerAuntsDaughter=
|PaternalOlderAuntsSon=
|PaternalOlderAuntsDaughter=
|MaternalTwinUnclesSon=
|MaternalTwinUnclesDaughter=
|MaternalYoungerUnclesSon=
|MaternalYoungerUnclesDaughter=
|MaternalOlderUnclesSon=
|MaternalOlderUnclesDaughter=
|MaternalTwinAuntsSon=
|MaternalTwinAuntsDaughter=
|MaternalYoungerAuntsSon=
|MaternalYoungerAuntsDaughter=
|MaternalOlderAuntsSon=
|MaternalOlderAuntsDaughter=
|Sister=
|Self=
|Husband=
|Wife=
|LittleSister=
|TwinSister=
|BigSister=
|BigBrother=
|TwinBrother=
|LittleBrother=
|LittleSistersHusband=
|TwinSistersHusband=
|BigSistersHusband=
|BigBrothersWife=
|TwinBrothersWife=
|LittleBrothersWife=
|MaternalAuntsSon=
|MaternalAuntsDaughter=
|MaternalUnclesSon=
|MaternalUnclesDaughter=
|HusbandSon=
|HusbandDaughter=
|WifeSon=
|WifeDaughter=
|TwinSisterNiece=
|TwinSisterNephew=
|LittleSisterNiece=
|LittleSisterNephew=
|BigSisterNiece=
|BigSisterNephew=
|TwinBrotherNiece=
|TwinBrotherNephew=
|LittleBrotherNiece=
|LittleBrotherNephew=
|BigBrotherNiece=
|BigBrotherNephew=
}}

==Example texts==
Lorem Ipsum.
[[Category:Languages]]
[[Category:Conlangs]]
[[Category:A posteriori]]
[[Category:West Germanic languages]]
[[Category:Varevonic]]

Evonish

2013-10-06T07:21:36Z

OlySlayer: Some major changes, determiners may be done

'''Evonish''' (literally angels' language) is an a-posetriori language influenced primarily influenced by West Germanic, Insular Celtic, Russian, and Japanese. Its phoneme inventory is based on [[w:General American pronunciation|General American phonology]], however it bears certain phonetic constraints similar to Japanese. Furthermore, it uses grammar that bears resemblance to European languages. The wordstock has many influences of [[w:Germanic languages|Germanic languages]], [[w:Celtic languages|Celtic languages]], [[w:Slavic languages|Slavic languages]], Japanese, and [[a priori]] vocabulary. The objectives are:
*to create a poetic, flowing language
*to preserve Celtic vocabulary
*to create a left-hand friendly writing system
''Tables are horizontally flipped intentionally.''

{{ClassMeter
|Name = Evonish
|NativeName = Evoniš
|Type = Fusional
|Alignment = Nominative-Accusative

|adjective = final
|adposition = mixed
|adverb = final
|article = final
|relativeclause = mixed
|nounclause = final
|order = SVO

|Tonal = No
|Declined = Yes
|Conjugated = Yes
|Genders = Common/Neuter
|NCase = yes
|NNumber = yes
|NDefiniteness = no
|NGender = yes
|VVoice = no
|VMood = yes
|VPerson = yes
|VNumber = yes
|VTense = yes
|VAspect = no

|Phonology=
|NounCases=
|NounDef=
|NounNumbers=
|NounGender=
|VerbPerson=
|VerbNumber=
|VerbAspect=
|VerbTense=
|VerbMood=
|VerbVoice=
|AdjCase= 0
|AdjNumber= 0
|AdjDef= 100
|AdjGen= 0
|AdjComparative= 100
|AdjSuperlative= 100
|Supine=
|Gerund=
|Participle= 100
|Infinitive= 100
|Modality=
|Words=}}
==Phonology==
Aspiration is in free variation; it does not determine another phoneme. Æ-Tensing is a process by which the vowel /æ/ is raised and lengthened to produce /æ̝ˑ/ before a nasal consonant, yet this is merely an allophone and may be ignored.
===Consonants===
Parenthesis indicate allophones.
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg"
! scope="col" style="width: 66px; text-align: center; "|Bilabial
! scope="col" style="width: 66px; text-align: center; "|Labio-dental
! scope="col" style="width: 66px; text-align: center; "|Dental
! scope="col" style="width: 66px; text-align: center; "|Alveolar
! scope="col" style="width: 66px; text-align: center; "|Post-alveolar
! scope="col" style="width: 66px; text-align: center; "|Palatal
! scope="col" style="width: 66px; text-align: center; "|Labio-velar
! scope="col" style="width: 66px; text-align: center; "|Velar
! scope="col" style="width: 66px; text-align: center; "|Glottal
! scope="col" style="width: 66px; "|
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|/m/
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|/n/
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|/ŋ/
| style="text-align: center;"|
! style="text-align: center; "|Nasal
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|/p/ /b/
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|/t/ /d/
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|/k/ /g/
| style="text-align: center;"|(ʔ)
! style="text-align: center; "|Plosive
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|/f/ /v/
| style="text-align: center;"|/θ/ /ð/
| style="text-align: center;"|/s/ /z/
| style="text-align: center;"|/ʃ/ /ʒ/
| style="text-align: center;"|(ç)
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|/x/
| style="text-align: center;"|/h/
! style="text-align: center; "|Fricative
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;" colspan="3"|/ɹ/
| style="text-align: center;"|/j/
| style="text-align: center;"|/ʍ/ /w/
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
! style="text-align: center; "|Approximant
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|/l/
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
! style="text-align: center; "|Lateral
|}

===Vowels===
Parenthesis indicate allophones. The following table includes the rhotic vowels as well.
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg"
! scope="col" style="width: 90px; text-align: center; "|Front
! scope="col" style="width: 90px; text-align: center; "|Near-front
! scope="col" style="width: 90px; text-align: center; "|Central
! scope="col" style="width: 90px; text-align: center; "|Near-back
! scope="col" style="width: 90px; text-align: center; "|Back
! scope="col" style="width: 90px; "|
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|/i/
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|/u/
! style="text-align: center; "|Close
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|/ɪ/
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|/ʊ/
| style="text-align: center;"|
! style="text-align: center; "|Near-close
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|/e/, /e˞ː/
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|/o/
! style="text-align: center; "|Close-mid
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|/ə/
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
! style="text-align: center; "|Mid
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|/ɛ/, /ɛ˞ː/
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|/ɝː/
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|/ʌ/ '''·''' /ɔ/, /ɔ˞ː/
! style="text-align: center; "|Open-mid
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|/æ/ (æ̝ˑ)
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
! style="text-align: center; "|Near-open
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|/ɑ/, /ɑ˞/
! style="text-align: center; "|Open
|}

==Writing==
'''The writing system is from right to left.'''
===Alphabet===
The twenty-eight letter alphabet is a modified Latin alphabet that contains the following characters.
*a, p, b, c, j, t, d, þ, ð, e, f, v, k, g, h, i, y, l, m, n, o, r, s, z, u, ƕ, w, x.
The [[IPA for Varevon]] is sorely out of date, and is subject to change soon.
===Diacritics===
A caron is placed over certain letters which changes them to distinct, but related sounds. These are the following letters with carons: č, ǰ, ň, š, ž. Umlauts from Germanic are written as the standard vowel with an e after.

==Pronouns==
Personal pronouns are the most complex. The sole relative pronoun is [TBD].
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 500px; "
! scope="row"|Person
! scope="col"|Number
! scope="col"|Nominative
! scope="col"|Accusative
! scope="col"|Genitive
! scope="col"|Dative
|-
! rowspan="4"|Singular
!First
|Ik
|Mek
|Meyn
|Mee
|-
!Second
|Þuu
|Þek
|Þeyn
|Þee
|-
!Common
|Sey
|
|
|
|-
!Neuter
|Hit
|Hin
|His
|Him
|-
! rowspan="3"|Plural
!First
|Wee
|Uns
|
|
|-
!Second
|Jee
|
|
|
|-
!Third
|Hee
|Hen
|Her
|Hem
|-
!Indefinite
!Reflexive
|Yr
|Sek
|Seyn
|See
|-
! rowspan="2"|Interrogative
!Common
|
|
|
|
|-
!Neuter
|
|
|
|
|}

==Determiners==
The negative article is understood as indefinite; there is no negative definite article so the verb of the sentence is negated instead. Determines are key to distinguish to distinguishing gender. the E at the end of some determiner plurals is an ancient pluralizing form.

{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 500px; "
! rowspan="2" colspan="2"|Determiners
! colspan="3"|Article
! colspan="2"|Demonstrative
|-
!Definite
!Indefinite
!Negative
!Proximal
!Distal
|-
! rowspan="2"|Common
!Singular
| style="text-align: center; " rowspan=2|Ðee
| style="text-align: center; "|Een
| style="text-align: center; " rowspan=4|Neen
| style="text-align: center; "|Ðis
| style="text-align: center; "|Jeen
|-
!Plural
| style="text-align: center; "| -
| style="text-align: center; "|Ðise
| style="text-align: center; "|Jeene
|-
! rowspan="2"|Neuter
!Singular
| style="text-align: center; "|Ðat
| style="text-align: center; "|Een
| style="text-align: center; "|Ðit
| style="text-align: center; "|Jeen
|-
!Plural
| style="text-align: center; "|Ðoo
| style="text-align: center; "|Sum
| style="text-align: center; "|Ðite
| style="text-align: center; "|Jeene
|-
|}

==Table of Correlatives==
Lorem Ipsum.
==Quantifiers==
Lorem Ipsum.
==Morphology==
===Adjective===
Certain adjectives decline only in an attributive position; they do not in a predicative position. Cf. [[w:German language|German]] ''die schwarze Magd'' vs ''die Magd ist schwarz''. Some adjectives undergo mutation. Furthermore, there are many common affixes which form adjectives, whose list will be available in time.
===Noun===
Their declension depends upon case and number. The plural genitive ending is used in compound words much like kennings. Stuff about the umlaut and other hypothetical mutations. kthxbai.
====Strong====
The vowel a became associated with plural and e with singular. Vowel dropping may be apparent spoken, but it is not written, such as Engel not declining to Eng'la.
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 500px; "
!Strong - Engel (''Angel'')
!Singular
!Plural
|-
!Nominative/Accusative
|Engel
|Engelas
|-
!Genitive
|Engeles
|Engela
|-
!Dative
|Engele
|Engelam
|-
|}
====Weak====
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 500px; "
!Weak - Name (''name'')
!Singular
!Plural
|-
!Nominative/Accusative
|Name
|Namen
|-
!Genitive
|Name(n)s
|Nam(en)a
|-
!Dative
|Namen
|Namen
|-
|}
====Augmentative & Diminutive====
Lots of Stuff here
====Further forms====
The instrumental and locative forms disappeared since Old Evonish. The traditional vocative is formed with the clitic O' and use the N/A conjugation. Some nouns are of an ancient class with r in the plural

===Verb===
Verbs or verb forms in quotes are either an English equivalent or a work in progress. The infinitives of the frequentative form are -eln and -ern; these can be made of many verbs. The infinitive form in Evonish is the lemma form of the verb, meaning it is the one used in dictionaries. The primary aspects are simple, perfect, progressive, habitual, and inchoative. Simple aspect is used for:
*Stative verbs
*Gnomic aspect
Further aspects are formed by nonstandard ways or purely by context.
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 500px"
|-
!Form
! colspan="2"| Suffix
|-
!Lemma
| colspan="2"|
|-
!Frequentative
| colspan="2"|
|-
!Aspect
!Main
!Auxiliary
|-
!Habitual
|infinitive
|"to do"
|-
!Inchoative
|supine
|"to begin"
|-
!Perfect
|past participle
|"to have"
|-
!Progressive
|present participle
|"to be"
|-
!Tense
!Person
!Auxiliary
|-
! rowspan="3"| Future
|First
|"shall"
|-
|Second
|"will"
|-
|Third
|"go"
|-
|}
The particle [TBD] after the main verb negates the verb. The following table shows the conjugation of the verb fällen, a weak 1 class verb. The auxiliary verbs in the table are the verbs used with the participles to form two different aspects.
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width: 500px; "
! colspan="3"|
!
|-
! rowspan="3" |Nonfinite
!Infinitive
|
|
|-
!Gerund
|
|
|-
!Supine
|
|
|-
! rowspan="3" |Participle
!Tense
!Positive
!Negative
|-
!Present
|
|
|-
!Past
|
|
|-
!Mood
!Tense
!Singular
!Plural
|-
! rowspan="6" |Indicative
! rowspan="3" |Present
|
|[TBD]
|-
|
|[TBD]
|-
|
|[TBD]
|-
! rowspan="3" |Past
|
|[TBD]
|-
|[TBD]
|[TBD]
|-
|[TBD]
|[TBD]
|-
! rowspan="2" |Subjunctive
!Nonpast
|
|
|-
!Past
|
|
|-
!Imperative
!Present
|
|
|-
|}

==Syntax==
===Comparisons===
Comparative forms use a particle followed by the noun(s) being compared to. Depending on that noun's case will determine which noun is first making the comparison. These can imply drastically different meanings, for example:
*"He ate pie quicker than '''I'''" would yield "than I ate pie" (in this example the compared noun is in the nominative).
*"He ate pie quicker than '''me'''" would yield "than he ate me" (in this example the compared noun is in the accusative).

===Word Order===
The standard word order is V2; when a phrase, clause, adverb, or adjective precedes the subject for emphasis, the second argument is always the verb. This can be demonstrated in the somewhat archaic or fanciful use "''From the ground'' '''grew''' the tree." Word order is flexible due to conjugations however the primary form for independent clauses is Subject-Verb-Object. Questions without interrogative pronouns(yes or no) have verb first and subject second.
Dependent clauses have a special word order:
*Subject
*Indirect Object
*Direct Object
*Instrument
*Verb.
Relative clauses follow the same pattern as independent clauses when appended to independent clauses and follow the dependent pattern when appended to a dependent clause.
==Dictionary==
{{Kinship
|PaternalGrandMother=
|PaternalGrandFather=
|MaternalGrandMother=
|MaternalGrandFather=
|PaternalAuntsHusband=
|PaternalAunt=
|PaternalUnclesWife=
|PaternalUncle=
|Father=
|Mother=
|PaternalTwinUnclesWife=
|PaternalTwinUncle=
|PaternalYoungerUnclesWife=
|PaternalYoungerUncle=
|PaternalOlderUnclesWife=
|PaternalOlderUncle=
|PaternalTwinAuntsHusband=
|PaternalTwinAunt=
|PaternalYoungerAuntsHusband=
|PaternalYoungerAunt=
|PaternalOlderAuntsHusband=
|PaternalOlderAunt=
|MaternalTwinUnclesWife=
|MaternalTwinUncle=
|MaternalYoungerUnclesWife=
|MaternalYoungerUncle=
|MaternalOlderUnclesWife=
|MaternalOlderUncle=
|MaternalTwinAuntsHusband=
|MaternalTwinAunt=
|MaternalYoungerAuntsHusband=
|MaternalYoungerAunt=
|MaternalOlderAuntsHusband=
|MaternalOlderAunt=
|PaternalTwinUnclesSon=
|PaternalTwinUnclesDaughter=
|PaternalYoungerUnclesSon=
|PaternalYoungerUnclesDaughter=
|PaternalOlderUnclesSon=
|PaternalOlderUnclesDaughter=
|PaternalTwinAuntsSon=
|PaternalTwinAuntsDaughter=
|PaternalYoungerAuntsSon=
|PaternalYoungerAuntsDaughter=
|PaternalOlderAuntsSon=
|PaternalOlderAuntsDaughter=
|MaternalTwinUnclesSon=
|MaternalTwinUnclesDaughter=
|MaternalYoungerUnclesSon=
|MaternalYoungerUnclesDaughter=
|MaternalOlderUnclesSon=
|MaternalOlderUnclesDaughter=
|MaternalTwinAuntsSon=
|MaternalTwinAuntsDaughter=
|MaternalYoungerAuntsSon=
|MaternalYoungerAuntsDaughter=
|MaternalOlderAuntsSon=
|MaternalOlderAuntsDaughter=
|Sister=
|Self=
|Husband=
|Wife=
|LittleSister=
|TwinSister=
|BigSister=
|BigBrother=
|TwinBrother=
|LittleBrother=
|LittleSistersHusband=
|TwinSistersHusband=
|BigSistersHusband=
|BigBrothersWife=
|TwinBrothersWife=
|LittleBrothersWife=
|MaternalAuntsSon=
|MaternalAuntsDaughter=
|MaternalUnclesSon=
|MaternalUnclesDaughter=
|HusbandSon=
|HusbandDaughter=
|WifeSon=
|WifeDaughter=
|TwinSisterNiece=
|TwinSisterNephew=
|LittleSisterNiece=
|LittleSisterNephew=
|BigSisterNiece=
|BigSisterNephew=
|TwinBrotherNiece=
|TwinBrotherNephew=
|LittleBrotherNiece=
|LittleBrotherNephew=
|BigBrotherNiece=
|BigBrotherNephew=
}}

==Example texts==
Lorem Ipsum.
[[Category:Languages]]
[[Category:Conlangs]]
[[Category:A posteriori]]
[[Category:West Germanic languages]]
[[Category:Varevonic]]

Evonish

2013-10-06T06:29:00Z

OlySlayer: /* Noun */ I'm back bitches (no offense I love you guys)

'''Varevon''' (literally angels' language) is an a-posetriori language influenced primarily influenced by West Germanic, Irish, Russian, and Japanese. Its phoneme inventory is based on [[w:General American pronunciation|General American phonology]], however it bears certain phonetic constraints similar to Japanese. Furthermore, it uses grammar that bears resemblance to European languages. The wordstock has many influences of [[w:Germanic languages|Germanic language]], [[w:Celtic languages|Celtic languages]], [[w:Slavic languages|Slavic languages]], Japanese, and [[a priori]] vocabulary. time. The objectives of Varevon are:
*to create a poetic, flowing language
*to preserve Celtic vocabulary
*to eliminate any and all need for interpretation by context
*to create a left-hand friendly writing system
''Tables are horizontally flipped intentionally.''

{{ClassMeter
|Name = Varevon
|NativeName = Varavon
|Type = Fusional
|Alignment = Nominative-Accusative

|adjective = final
|adposition = final
|adverb = final
|article = final
|relativeclause = mixed
|nounclause = final
|order = SVO

|Tonal = No
|Declined = Yes
|Conjugated = Yes
|Genders = Red, Blue, Brown, Gray
|NCase = yes
|NNumber = yes
|NDefiniteness = no
|NGender = yes
|VVoice = no
|VMood = yes
|VPerson = yes
|VNumber = yes
|VTense = yes
|VAspect = no

|Phonology=
|NounCases=
|NounDef=
|NounNumbers=
|NounGender=
|VerbPerson=
|VerbNumber=
|VerbAspect=
|VerbTense=
|VerbMood=
|VerbVoice=
|AdjCase= 0
|AdjNumber= 0
|AdjDef= 100
|AdjGen= 0
|AdjComparative= 100
|AdjSuperlative= 100
|Supine=
|Gerund=
|Participle= 100
|Infinitive= 100
|Modality=
|Words=}}
==Phonology==
Aspiration is in free variation; it does not determine another phoneme. Æ-Tensing is a process by which the vowel /æ/ is raised and lengthened to produce /æ̝ˑ/ before a nasal consonant, yet this is merely an allophone and may be ignored.
===Consonants===
Parenthesis indicate allophones.
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg"
! scope="col" style="width: 66px; text-align: center; "|Bilabial
! scope="col" style="width: 66px; text-align: center; "|Labio-dental
! scope="col" style="width: 66px; text-align: center; "|Dental
! scope="col" style="width: 66px; text-align: center; "|Alveolar
! scope="col" style="width: 66px; text-align: center; "|Post-alveolar
! scope="col" style="width: 66px; text-align: center; "|Palatal
! scope="col" style="width: 66px; text-align: center; "|Labio-velar
! scope="col" style="width: 66px; text-align: center; "|Velar
! scope="col" style="width: 66px; text-align: center; "|Glottal
! scope="col" style="width: 66px; "|
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|/m/
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|/n/
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|/ŋ/
| style="text-align: center;"|
! style="text-align: center; "|Nasal
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|/p/ /b/
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|/t/ /d/
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|/k/ /g/
| style="text-align: center;"|/ʔ/
! style="text-align: center; "|Plosive
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|/f/ /v/
| style="text-align: center;"|/θ/ /ð/
| style="text-align: center;"|/s/ /z/
| style="text-align: center;"|/ʃ/ /ʒ/
| style="text-align: center;"|(ç)
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|/x/
| style="text-align: center;"|/h/
! style="text-align: center; "|Fricative
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;" colspan="3"|/ɹ/
| style="text-align: center;"|/j/
| style="text-align: center;"|/ʍ/ /w/
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
! style="text-align: center; "|Approximant
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|/l/
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
! style="text-align: center; "|Lateral
|}

===Vowels===
Parenthesis indicate allophones. The following table includes the rhotic vowels as well.
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg"
! scope="col" style="width: 90px; text-align: center; "|Front
! scope="col" style="width: 90px; text-align: center; "|Near-front
! scope="col" style="width: 90px; text-align: center; "|Central
! scope="col" style="width: 90px; text-align: center; "|Near-back
! scope="col" style="width: 90px; text-align: center; "|Back
! scope="col" style="width: 90px; "|
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|/i/
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|/u/
! style="text-align: center; "|Close
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|/ɪ/
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|/ʊ/
| style="text-align: center;"|
! style="text-align: center; "|Near-close
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|/e/, /e˞ː/
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|/o/
! style="text-align: center; "|Close-mid
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|/ə/
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
! style="text-align: center; "|Mid
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|/ɛ/, /ɛ˞ː/
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|/ɝː/
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|/ʌ/ '''·''' /ɔ/, /ɔ˞ː/
! style="text-align: center; "|Open-mid
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|/æ/ (æ̝ˑ)
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
! style="text-align: center; "|Near-open
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|/ɑ/, /ɑ˞/
! style="text-align: center; "|Open
|}

==Writing==
'''The writing system is from right to left.'''
===Alphabet===
The twenty-eight letter alphabet is a modified Latin alphabet that contains the following characters.
*a, p, b, c, j, t, d, þ, ð, e, f, v, k, g, h, i, y, l, m, n, o, r, s, z, u, ƕ, w, x.
The [[IPA for Varevon]] is sorely out of date, and is subject to change soon.
===Diacritics===
A caron is placed over certain letters which changes them to distinct, but related sounds. These are the following letters with carons: č, ǰ, ň, š, ž. Umlauts from Germanic are written as the standard vowel with an e after.

==Pronouns==
Personal pronouns are the most complex. The sole relative pronoun is [TBD].
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 500px; "
! scope="row"|Person
! scope="col"|Number
! scope="col"|Nominative
! scope="col"|Accusative
! scope="col"|Genitive
! scope="col"|Dative
|-
! rowspan="4"|Singular
!First
|Ik
|Mik
|Maan
|Myr
|-
!Second
|Þuu
|Þik
|Þaan
|Þyr
|-
!Common
|Saa
|Siw
|Er
|Er
|-
!Neuter
|It
|In
|Is
|Im
|-
! rowspan="3"|Plural
!First
|Wir
|Uns
|Ner
|Nyr
|-
!Second
|Jir
|Jiw
|Jer
|Jiw
|-
!Third
|Ir
|
|
|
|-
!Indefinite
!Reflexive
|Yr
|Sik
|Saan
|Syr
|-
! rowspan="2"|Interrogative
!Common
|
|
|
|
|-
!Neuter
|
|
|
|
|}

==Determiners==
The negative article is understood as indefinite; there is no negative definite article so the verb of the sentence is negated instead.

{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 500px; "
! rowspan="2" colspan="2"|Determiners
! colspan="3"|Article
! colspan="2"|Demonstrative
|-
!Definite
!Indefinite
!Negative
!Proximal
!Distal
|-
! rowspan="2"|Singular
!Common
| style="text-align: center; "|sa
| style="text-align: center; "|een
| style="text-align: center; "|neen
| style="text-align: center; "|þis
| style="text-align: center; "|jeen
|-
!Neuter
| style="text-align: center; "|þat
| style="text-align: center; "|een
| style="text-align: center; "|neen
| style="text-align: center; "|þis
| style="text-align: center; "|jeen
|-
! rowspan="2"|Plural
!Common
| style="text-align: center; "|þee
| style="text-align: center; "|sum
| style="text-align: center; "| -
| style="text-align: center; "|þise
| style="text-align: center; "|jeene
|-
!Neuter
| style="text-align: center; "|þoe
| style="text-align: center; "|sum
| style="text-align: center; "| -
| style="text-align: center; "|þise
| style="text-align: center; "|jeene
|-
|}

==Table of Correlatives==
Lorem Ipsum.
==Quantifiers==
Lorem Ipsum.
==Morphology==
===Adjective===
Certain adjectives decline only in an attributive position; they do not in a predicative position. Cf. [[w:German language|German]] ''die schwarze Magd'' vs ''die Magd ist schwarz''. Some adjectives undergo mutation. Furthermore, there are many common affixes which form adjectives, whose list will be available in time.
===Noun===
Their declension depends upon case and number. The plural genitive ending is used in compound words much like kennings.
====Mutation====
Stuff about the umlaut and other hypothetical mutations. kthxbai.
====Strong====
The vowel a became associated with plural and e with singular. Vowel dropping may be apparent spoken, but it is not written, such as Engel not declining to Eng'la.
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 500px; "
!Strong - Engel (''Angel'')
!Singular
!Plural
|-
!Nominative/Accusative
|Engel
|Engelas
|-
!Genitive
|Engeles
|Engela
|-
!Dative
|Engele
|Engelam
|-
|}
====Weak====
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 500px; "
!Weak - Name (''name'')
!Singular
!Plural
|-
!Nominative/Accusative
|Name
|Namen
|-
!Genitive
|Name(n)s
|Nam(en)a
|-
!Dative
|Namen
|Namen
|-
|}
====Augmentative & Diminutive====
Lots of Stuff here
====Further forms====
The instrumental and locative forms disappeared since Old Evonish. The traditional vocative is formed with the clitic O' and use the N/A conjugation. Some nouns are of an ancient class with r in the plural

===Verb===
Verbs or verb forms in quotes are either an English equivalent or a work in progress. The infinitives of the frequentative form are -eln and -ern; these can be made of many verbs. The infinitive form in Evonish is the lemma form of the verb, meaning it is the one used in dictionaries. The primary aspects are simple, perfect, progressive, habitual, and inchoative. Simple aspect is used for:
*Stative verbs
*Gnomic aspect
Further aspects are formed by nonstandard ways or purely by context.
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 500px"
|-
!Form
! colspan="2"| Suffix
|-
!Lemma
| colspan="2"|
|-
!Frequentative
| colspan="2"|
|-
!Aspect
!Main
!Auxiliary
|-
!Habitual
|infinitive
|"to do"
|-
!Inchoative
|supine
|"to begin"
|-
!Perfect
|past participle
|"to have"
|-
!Progressive
|present participle
|"to be"
|-
!Tense
!Person
!Auxiliary
|-
! rowspan="3"| Future
|First
|"shall"
|-
|Second
|"will"
|-
|Third
|"go"
|-
|}
The particle [TBD] after the main verb negates the verb. The following table shows the conjugation of the verb fällen, a weak 1 class verb. The auxiliary verbs in the table are the verbs used with the participles to form two different aspects.
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width: 500px; "
! colspan="3"|
!
|-
! rowspan="3" |Nonfinite
!Infinitive
|
|
|-
!Gerund
|
|
|-
!Supine
|
|
|-
! rowspan="3" |Participle
!Tense
!Positive
!Negative
|-
!Present
|
|
|-
!Past
|
|
|-
!Mood
!Tense
!Singular
!Plural
|-
! rowspan="6" |Indicative
! rowspan="3" |Present
|
|[TBD]
|-
|
|[TBD]
|-
|
|[TBD]
|-
! rowspan="3" |Past
|
|[TBD]
|-
|[TBD]
|[TBD]
|-
|[TBD]
|[TBD]
|-
! rowspan="2" |Subjunctive
!Nonpast
|
|
|-
!Past
|
|
|-
!Imperative
!Present
|
|
|-
|}

==Syntax==
===Comparisons===
Comparative forms use a particle followed by the noun(s) being compared to. Depending on that noun's case will determine which noun is first making the comparison. These can imply drastically different meanings, for example:
*"He ate pie quicker than '''I'''" would yield "than I ate pie" (in this example the compared noun is in the nominative).
*"He ate pie quicker than '''me'''" would yield "than he ate me" (in this example the compared noun is in the accusative).

===Word Order===
The standard word order is V2; when a phrase, clause, adverb, or adjective precedes the subject for emphasis, the second argument is always the verb. This can be demonstrated in the somewhat archaic or fanciful use "''From the ground'' '''grew''' the tree." Word order is flexible due to conjugations however the primary form for independent clauses is Subject-Verb-Object. Questions without interrogative pronouns(yes or no) have verb first and subject second.
Dependent clauses have a special word order:
*Subject
*Indirect Object
*Direct Object
*Instrument
*Verb.
Relative clauses follow the same pattern as independent clauses when appended to independent clauses and follow the dependent pattern when appended to a dependent clause.
==Dictionary==
{{Kinship
|PaternalGrandMother=
|PaternalGrandFather=
|MaternalGrandMother=
|MaternalGrandFather=
|PaternalAuntsHusband=
|PaternalAunt=
|PaternalUnclesWife=
|PaternalUncle=
|Father=
|Mother=
|PaternalTwinUnclesWife=
|PaternalTwinUncle=
|PaternalYoungerUnclesWife=
|PaternalYoungerUncle=
|PaternalOlderUnclesWife=
|PaternalOlderUncle=
|PaternalTwinAuntsHusband=
|PaternalTwinAunt=
|PaternalYoungerAuntsHusband=
|PaternalYoungerAunt=
|PaternalOlderAuntsHusband=
|PaternalOlderAunt=
|MaternalTwinUnclesWife=
|MaternalTwinUncle=
|MaternalYoungerUnclesWife=
|MaternalYoungerUncle=
|MaternalOlderUnclesWife=
|MaternalOlderUncle=
|MaternalTwinAuntsHusband=
|MaternalTwinAunt=
|MaternalYoungerAuntsHusband=
|MaternalYoungerAunt=
|MaternalOlderAuntsHusband=
|MaternalOlderAunt=
|PaternalTwinUnclesSon=
|PaternalTwinUnclesDaughter=
|PaternalYoungerUnclesSon=
|PaternalYoungerUnclesDaughter=
|PaternalOlderUnclesSon=
|PaternalOlderUnclesDaughter=
|PaternalTwinAuntsSon=
|PaternalTwinAuntsDaughter=
|PaternalYoungerAuntsSon=
|PaternalYoungerAuntsDaughter=
|PaternalOlderAuntsSon=
|PaternalOlderAuntsDaughter=
|MaternalTwinUnclesSon=
|MaternalTwinUnclesDaughter=
|MaternalYoungerUnclesSon=
|MaternalYoungerUnclesDaughter=
|MaternalOlderUnclesSon=
|MaternalOlderUnclesDaughter=
|MaternalTwinAuntsSon=
|MaternalTwinAuntsDaughter=
|MaternalYoungerAuntsSon=
|MaternalYoungerAuntsDaughter=
|MaternalOlderAuntsSon=
|MaternalOlderAuntsDaughter=
|Sister=
|Self=
|Husband=
|Wife=
|LittleSister=
|TwinSister=
|BigSister=
|BigBrother=
|TwinBrother=
|LittleBrother=
|LittleSistersHusband=
|TwinSistersHusband=
|BigSistersHusband=
|BigBrothersWife=
|TwinBrothersWife=
|LittleBrothersWife=
|MaternalAuntsSon=
|MaternalAuntsDaughter=
|MaternalUnclesSon=
|MaternalUnclesDaughter=
|HusbandSon=
|HusbandDaughter=
|WifeSon=
|WifeDaughter=
|TwinSisterNiece=
|TwinSisterNephew=
|LittleSisterNiece=
|LittleSisterNephew=
|BigSisterNiece=
|BigSisterNephew=
|TwinBrotherNiece=
|TwinBrotherNephew=
|LittleBrotherNiece=
|LittleBrotherNephew=
|BigBrotherNiece=
|BigBrotherNephew=
}}

==Example texts==
Lorem Ipsum.
[[Category:Languages]]
[[Category:Conlangs]]
[[Category:A Priori]]
[[Category:Varevon]]

Evonish

2013-09-03T05:21:02Z

OlySlayer: /* Determiners */ for now

'''Varevon''' (literally angels' language) is an a-posetriori language influenced primarily influenced by West Germanic, Irish, Russian, and Japanese. Its phoneme inventory is based on [[w:General American pronunciation|General American phonology]], however it bears certain phonetic constraints similar to Japanese. Furthermore, it uses grammar that bears resemblance to European languages. The wordstock has many influences of [[w:Germanic languages|Germanic language]], [[w:Celtic languages|Celtic languages]], [[w:Slavic languages|Slavic languages]], Japanese, and [[a priori]] vocabulary. time. The objectives of Varevon are:
*to create a poetic, flowing language
*to preserve Celtic vocabulary
*to eliminate any and all need for interpretation by context
*to create a left-hand friendly writing system
''Tables are horizontally flipped intentionally.''

{{ClassMeter
|Name = Varevon
|NativeName = Varavon
|Type = Fusional
|Alignment = Nominative-Accusative

|adjective = final
|adposition = final
|adverb = final
|article = final
|relativeclause = mixed
|nounclause = final
|order = SVO

|Tonal = No
|Declined = Yes
|Conjugated = Yes
|Genders = Red, Blue, Brown, Gray
|NCase = yes
|NNumber = yes
|NDefiniteness = no
|NGender = yes
|VVoice = no
|VMood = yes
|VPerson = yes
|VNumber = yes
|VTense = yes
|VAspect = no

|Phonology=
|NounCases=
|NounDef=
|NounNumbers=
|NounGender=
|VerbPerson=
|VerbNumber=
|VerbAspect=
|VerbTense=
|VerbMood=
|VerbVoice=
|AdjCase= 0
|AdjNumber= 0
|AdjDef= 100
|AdjGen= 0
|AdjComparative= 100
|AdjSuperlative= 100
|Supine=
|Gerund=
|Participle= 100
|Infinitive= 100
|Modality=
|Words=}}
==Phonology==
Aspiration is in free variation; it does not determine another phoneme. Æ-Tensing is a process by which the vowel /æ/ is raised and lengthened to produce /æ̝ˑ/ before a nasal consonant, yet this is merely an allophone and may be ignored.
===Consonants===
Parenthesis indicate allophones.
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg"
! scope="col" style="width: 66px; text-align: center; "|Bilabial
! scope="col" style="width: 66px; text-align: center; "|Labio-dental
! scope="col" style="width: 66px; text-align: center; "|Dental
! scope="col" style="width: 66px; text-align: center; "|Alveolar
! scope="col" style="width: 66px; text-align: center; "|Post-alveolar
! scope="col" style="width: 66px; text-align: center; "|Palatal
! scope="col" style="width: 66px; text-align: center; "|Labio-velar
! scope="col" style="width: 66px; text-align: center; "|Velar
! scope="col" style="width: 66px; text-align: center; "|Glottal
! scope="col" style="width: 66px; "|
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|/m/
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|/n/
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|/ŋ/
| style="text-align: center;"|
! style="text-align: center; "|Nasal
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|/p/ /b/
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|/t/ /d/
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|/k/ /g/
| style="text-align: center;"|/ʔ/
! style="text-align: center; "|Plosive
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|/f/ /v/
| style="text-align: center;"|/θ/ /ð/
| style="text-align: center;"|/s/ /z/
| style="text-align: center;"|/ʃ/ /ʒ/
| style="text-align: center;"|(ç)
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|/x/
| style="text-align: center;"|/h/
! style="text-align: center; "|Fricative
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;" colspan="3"|/ɹ/
| style="text-align: center;"|/j/
| style="text-align: center;"|/ʍ/ /w/
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
! style="text-align: center; "|Approximant
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|/l/
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
! style="text-align: center; "|Lateral
|}

===Vowels===
Parenthesis indicate allophones. The following table includes the rhotic vowels as well.
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg"
! scope="col" style="width: 90px; text-align: center; "|Front
! scope="col" style="width: 90px; text-align: center; "|Near-front
! scope="col" style="width: 90px; text-align: center; "|Central
! scope="col" style="width: 90px; text-align: center; "|Near-back
! scope="col" style="width: 90px; text-align: center; "|Back
! scope="col" style="width: 90px; "|
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|/i/
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|/u/
! style="text-align: center; "|Close
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|/ɪ/
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|/ʊ/
| style="text-align: center;"|
! style="text-align: center; "|Near-close
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|/e/, /e˞ː/
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|/o/
! style="text-align: center; "|Close-mid
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|/ə/
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
! style="text-align: center; "|Mid
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|/ɛ/, /ɛ˞ː/
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|/ɝː/
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|/ʌ/ '''·''' /ɔ/, /ɔ˞ː/
! style="text-align: center; "|Open-mid
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|/æ/ (æ̝ˑ)
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
! style="text-align: center; "|Near-open
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|/ɑ/, /ɑ˞/
! style="text-align: center; "|Open
|}

==Writing==
'''The writing system is from right to left.'''
===Alphabet===
The twenty-eight letter alphabet is a modified Latin alphabet that contains the following characters.
*a, p, b, c, j, t, d, þ, ð, e, f, v, k, g, h, i, y, l, m, n, o, r, s, z, u, ƕ, w, x.
The [[IPA for Varevon]] is sorely out of date, and is subject to change soon.
===Diacritics===
A caron is placed over certain letters which changes them to distinct, but related sounds. These are the following letters with carons: č, ǰ, ň, š, ž. Umlauts from Germanic are written as the standard vowel with an e after.

==Pronouns==
Personal pronouns are the most complex. The sole relative pronoun is [TBD].
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 500px; "
! scope="row"|Person
! scope="col"|Number
! scope="col"|Nominative
! scope="col"|Accusative
! scope="col"|Genitive
! scope="col"|Dative
|-
! rowspan="4"|Singular
!First
|Ik
|Mik
|Maan
|Myr
|-
!Second
|Þuu
|Þik
|Þaan
|Þyr
|-
!Common
|Saa
|Siw
|Er
|Er
|-
!Neuter
|It
|In
|Is
|Im
|-
! rowspan="3"|Plural
!First
|Wir
|Uns
|Ner
|Nyr
|-
!Second
|Jir
|Jiw
|Jer
|Jiw
|-
!Third
|Ir
|
|
|
|-
!Indefinite
!Reflexive
|Yr
|Sik
|Saan
|Syr
|-
! rowspan="2"|Interrogative
!Common
|
|
|
|
|-
!Neuter
|
|
|
|
|}

==Determiners==
The negative article is understood as indefinite; there is no negative definite article so the verb of the sentence is negated instead.

{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 500px; "
! rowspan="2" colspan="2"|Determiners
! colspan="3"|Article
! colspan="2"|Demonstrative
|-
!Definite
!Indefinite
!Negative
!Proximal
!Distal
|-
! rowspan="2"|Singular
!Common
| style="text-align: center; "|sa
| style="text-align: center; "|een
| style="text-align: center; "|neen
| style="text-align: center; "|þis
| style="text-align: center; "|jeen
|-
!Neuter
| style="text-align: center; "|þat
| style="text-align: center; "|een
| style="text-align: center; "|neen
| style="text-align: center; "|þis
| style="text-align: center; "|jeen
|-
! rowspan="2"|Plural
!Common
| style="text-align: center; "|þee
| style="text-align: center; "|sum
| style="text-align: center; "| -
| style="text-align: center; "|þise
| style="text-align: center; "|jeene
|-
!Neuter
| style="text-align: center; "|þoe
| style="text-align: center; "|sum
| style="text-align: center; "| -
| style="text-align: center; "|þise
| style="text-align: center; "|jeene
|-
|}

==Table of Correlatives==
Lorem Ipsum.
==Quantifiers==
Lorem Ipsum.
==Morphology==
===Adjective===
Certain adjectives decline only in an attributive position; they do not in a predicative position. Cf. [[w:German language|German]] ''die schwarze Magd'' vs ''die Magd ist schwarz''. Some adjectives undergo mutation. Furthermore, there are many common affixes which form adjectives, whose list will be available in time.
===Noun===
Their declension depends upon case, gender, and number. A word does not determine a gender, rather a selected gender determines a different word. The plural genitive ending is used in compound words much like kennings.
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 500px; "
! colspan="2"|Class I
!Nominative
!Accusative
!Genitive
!Dative
|-
! rowspan="2"|Red
!Singular
|
| -en
| -es
| -em
|-
!Plural
| -as
| -an
| -a
| -am
|-
! rowspan="2"|Blue
!Singular
|
|
|
|
|-
!Plural
|
|
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2"|Brown
!Singular
|
|
|
|
|-
!Plural
|
|
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2"|Gray
!Singular
|
|
|
|
|-
!Plural
|
|
|
|
|-
|}

===Verb===
Verbs or verb forms in quotes are either an English equivalent or a work in progress. The infinitives of the frequentative form are -eln and -ern; these can be made of many verbs. The infinitive form in Evonish is the lemma form of the verb, meaning it is the one used in dictionaries. The primary aspects are simple, perfect, progressive, habitual, and inchoative. Simple aspect is used for:
*Stative verbs
*Gnomic aspect
Further aspects are formed by nonstandard ways or purely by context.
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 500px"
|-
!Form
! colspan="2"| Suffix
|-
!Lemma
| colspan="2"|
|-
!Frequentative
| colspan="2"|
|-
!Aspect
!Main
!Auxiliary
|-
!Habitual
|infinitive
|"to do"
|-
!Inchoative
|supine
|"to begin"
|-
!Perfect
|past participle
|"to have"
|-
!Progressive
|present participle
|"to be"
|-
!Tense
!Person
!Auxiliary
|-
! rowspan="3"| Future
|First
|"shall"
|-
|Second
|"will"
|-
|Third
|"go"
|-
|}
The particle [TBD] after the main verb negates the verb. The following table shows the conjugation of the verb fällen, a weak 1 class verb. The auxiliary verbs in the table are the verbs used with the participles to form two different aspects.
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width: 500px; "
! colspan="3"|
!
|-
! rowspan="3" |Nonfinite
!Infinitive
|
|
|-
!Gerund
|
|
|-
!Supine
|
|
|-
! rowspan="3" |Participle
!Tense
!Positive
!Negative
|-
!Present
|
|
|-
!Past
|
|
|-
!Mood
!Tense
!Singular
!Plural
|-
! rowspan="6" |Indicative
! rowspan="3" |Present
|
|[TBD]
|-
|
|[TBD]
|-
|
|[TBD]
|-
! rowspan="3" |Past
|
|[TBD]
|-
|[TBD]
|[TBD]
|-
|[TBD]
|[TBD]
|-
! rowspan="2" |Subjunctive
!Nonpast
|
|
|-
!Past
|
|
|-
!Imperative
!Present
|
|
|-
|}

==Syntax==
===Comparisons===
Comparative forms use a particle followed by the noun(s) being compared to. Depending on that noun's case will determine which noun is first making the comparison. These can imply drastically different meanings, for example:
*"He ate pie quicker than '''I'''" would yield "than I ate pie" (in this example the compared noun is in the nominative).
*"He ate pie quicker than '''me'''" would yield "than he ate me" (in this example the compared noun is in the accusative).

===Word Order===
The standard word order is V2; when a phrase, clause, adverb, or adjective precedes the subject for emphasis, the second argument is always the verb. This can be demonstrated in the somewhat archaic or fanciful use "''From the ground'' '''grew''' the tree." Word order is flexible due to conjugations however the primary form for independent clauses is Subject-Verb-Object. Questions without interrogative pronouns(yes or no) have verb first and subject second.
Dependent clauses have a special word order:
*Subject
*Indirect Object
*Direct Object
*Instrument
*Verb.
Relative clauses follow the same pattern as independent clauses when appended to independent clauses and follow the dependent pattern when appended to a dependent clause.
==Dictionary==
{{Kinship
|PaternalGrandMother=
|PaternalGrandFather=
|MaternalGrandMother=
|MaternalGrandFather=
|PaternalAuntsHusband=
|PaternalAunt=
|PaternalUnclesWife=
|PaternalUncle=
|Father=
|Mother=
|PaternalTwinUnclesWife=
|PaternalTwinUncle=
|PaternalYoungerUnclesWife=
|PaternalYoungerUncle=
|PaternalOlderUnclesWife=
|PaternalOlderUncle=
|PaternalTwinAuntsHusband=
|PaternalTwinAunt=
|PaternalYoungerAuntsHusband=
|PaternalYoungerAunt=
|PaternalOlderAuntsHusband=
|PaternalOlderAunt=
|MaternalTwinUnclesWife=
|MaternalTwinUncle=
|MaternalYoungerUnclesWife=
|MaternalYoungerUncle=
|MaternalOlderUnclesWife=
|MaternalOlderUncle=
|MaternalTwinAuntsHusband=
|MaternalTwinAunt=
|MaternalYoungerAuntsHusband=
|MaternalYoungerAunt=
|MaternalOlderAuntsHusband=
|MaternalOlderAunt=
|PaternalTwinUnclesSon=
|PaternalTwinUnclesDaughter=
|PaternalYoungerUnclesSon=
|PaternalYoungerUnclesDaughter=
|PaternalOlderUnclesSon=
|PaternalOlderUnclesDaughter=
|PaternalTwinAuntsSon=
|PaternalTwinAuntsDaughter=
|PaternalYoungerAuntsSon=
|PaternalYoungerAuntsDaughter=
|PaternalOlderAuntsSon=
|PaternalOlderAuntsDaughter=
|MaternalTwinUnclesSon=
|MaternalTwinUnclesDaughter=
|MaternalYoungerUnclesSon=
|MaternalYoungerUnclesDaughter=
|MaternalOlderUnclesSon=
|MaternalOlderUnclesDaughter=
|MaternalTwinAuntsSon=
|MaternalTwinAuntsDaughter=
|MaternalYoungerAuntsSon=
|MaternalYoungerAuntsDaughter=
|MaternalOlderAuntsSon=
|MaternalOlderAuntsDaughter=
|Sister=
|Self=
|Husband=
|Wife=
|LittleSister=
|TwinSister=
|BigSister=
|BigBrother=
|TwinBrother=
|LittleBrother=
|LittleSistersHusband=
|TwinSistersHusband=
|BigSistersHusband=
|BigBrothersWife=
|TwinBrothersWife=
|LittleBrothersWife=
|MaternalAuntsSon=
|MaternalAuntsDaughter=
|MaternalUnclesSon=
|MaternalUnclesDaughter=
|HusbandSon=
|HusbandDaughter=
|WifeSon=
|WifeDaughter=
|TwinSisterNiece=
|TwinSisterNephew=
|LittleSisterNiece=
|LittleSisterNephew=
|BigSisterNiece=
|BigSisterNephew=
|TwinBrotherNiece=
|TwinBrotherNephew=
|LittleBrotherNiece=
|LittleBrotherNephew=
|BigBrotherNiece=
|BigBrotherNephew=
}}

==Example texts==
Lorem Ipsum.
[[Category:Languages]]
[[Category:Conlangs]]
[[Category:A Priori]]
[[Category:Varevon]]

Evonish

2013-09-03T02:55:56Z

OlySlayer: pronouns are being finalized I hope

'''Varevon''' (literally angels' language) is an a-posetriori language influenced primarily influenced by West Germanic, Irish, Russian, and Japanese. Its phoneme inventory is based on [[w:General American pronunciation|General American phonology]], however it bears certain phonetic constraints similar to Japanese. Furthermore, it uses grammar that bears resemblance to European languages. The wordstock has many influences of [[w:Germanic languages|Germanic language]], [[w:Celtic languages|Celtic languages]], [[w:Slavic languages|Slavic languages]], Japanese, and [[a priori]] vocabulary. time. The objectives of Varevon are:
*to create a poetic, flowing language
*to preserve Celtic vocabulary
*to eliminate any and all need for interpretation by context
*to create a left-hand friendly writing system
''Tables are horizontally flipped intentionally.''

{{ClassMeter
|Name = Varevon
|NativeName = Varavon
|Type = Fusional
|Alignment = Nominative-Accusative

|adjective = final
|adposition = final
|adverb = final
|article = final
|relativeclause = mixed
|nounclause = final
|order = SVO

|Tonal = No
|Declined = Yes
|Conjugated = Yes
|Genders = Red, Blue, Brown, Gray
|NCase = yes
|NNumber = yes
|NDefiniteness = no
|NGender = yes
|VVoice = no
|VMood = yes
|VPerson = yes
|VNumber = yes
|VTense = yes
|VAspect = no

|Phonology=
|NounCases=
|NounDef=
|NounNumbers=
|NounGender=
|VerbPerson=
|VerbNumber=
|VerbAspect=
|VerbTense=
|VerbMood=
|VerbVoice=
|AdjCase= 0
|AdjNumber= 0
|AdjDef= 100
|AdjGen= 0
|AdjComparative= 100
|AdjSuperlative= 100
|Supine=
|Gerund=
|Participle= 100
|Infinitive= 100
|Modality=
|Words=}}
==Phonology==
Aspiration is in free variation; it does not determine another phoneme. Æ-Tensing is a process by which the vowel /æ/ is raised and lengthened to produce /æ̝ˑ/ before a nasal consonant, yet this is merely an allophone and may be ignored.
===Consonants===
Parenthesis indicate allophones.
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg"
! scope="col" style="width: 66px; text-align: center; "|Bilabial
! scope="col" style="width: 66px; text-align: center; "|Labio-dental
! scope="col" style="width: 66px; text-align: center; "|Dental
! scope="col" style="width: 66px; text-align: center; "|Alveolar
! scope="col" style="width: 66px; text-align: center; "|Post-alveolar
! scope="col" style="width: 66px; text-align: center; "|Palatal
! scope="col" style="width: 66px; text-align: center; "|Labio-velar
! scope="col" style="width: 66px; text-align: center; "|Velar
! scope="col" style="width: 66px; text-align: center; "|Glottal
! scope="col" style="width: 66px; "|
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|/m/
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|/n/
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|/ŋ/
| style="text-align: center;"|
! style="text-align: center; "|Nasal
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|/p/ /b/
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|/t/ /d/
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|/k/ /g/
| style="text-align: center;"|/ʔ/
! style="text-align: center; "|Plosive
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|/f/ /v/
| style="text-align: center;"|/θ/ /ð/
| style="text-align: center;"|/s/ /z/
| style="text-align: center;"|/ʃ/ /ʒ/
| style="text-align: center;"|(ç)
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|/x/
| style="text-align: center;"|/h/
! style="text-align: center; "|Fricative
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;" colspan="3"|/ɹ/
| style="text-align: center;"|/j/
| style="text-align: center;"|/ʍ/ /w/
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
! style="text-align: center; "|Approximant
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|/l/
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
! style="text-align: center; "|Lateral
|}

===Vowels===
Parenthesis indicate allophones. The following table includes the rhotic vowels as well.
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg"
! scope="col" style="width: 90px; text-align: center; "|Front
! scope="col" style="width: 90px; text-align: center; "|Near-front
! scope="col" style="width: 90px; text-align: center; "|Central
! scope="col" style="width: 90px; text-align: center; "|Near-back
! scope="col" style="width: 90px; text-align: center; "|Back
! scope="col" style="width: 90px; "|
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|/i/
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|/u/
! style="text-align: center; "|Close
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|/ɪ/
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|/ʊ/
| style="text-align: center;"|
! style="text-align: center; "|Near-close
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|/e/, /e˞ː/
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|/o/
! style="text-align: center; "|Close-mid
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|/ə/
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
! style="text-align: center; "|Mid
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|/ɛ/, /ɛ˞ː/
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|/ɝː/
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|/ʌ/ '''·''' /ɔ/, /ɔ˞ː/
! style="text-align: center; "|Open-mid
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|/æ/ (æ̝ˑ)
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
! style="text-align: center; "|Near-open
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|/ɑ/, /ɑ˞/
! style="text-align: center; "|Open
|}

==Writing==
'''The writing system is from right to left.'''
===Alphabet===
The twenty-eight letter alphabet is a modified Latin alphabet that contains the following characters.
*a, p, b, c, j, t, d, þ, ð, e, f, v, k, g, h, i, y, l, m, n, o, r, s, z, u, ƕ, w, x.
The [[IPA for Varevon]] is sorely out of date, and is subject to change soon.
===Diacritics===
A caron is placed over certain letters which changes them to distinct, but related sounds. These are the following letters with carons: č, ǰ, ň, š, ž. Umlauts from Germanic are written as the standard vowel with an e after.

==Pronouns==
Personal pronouns are the most complex. The sole relative pronoun is [TBD].
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 500px; "
! scope="row"|Person
! scope="col"|Number
! scope="col"|Nominative
! scope="col"|Accusative
! scope="col"|Genitive
! scope="col"|Dative
|-
! rowspan="4"|Singular
!First
|Ik
|Mik
|Maan
|Myr
|-
!Second
|Þuu
|Þik
|Þaan
|Þyr
|-
!Common
|Saa
|Siw
|Er
|Er
|-
!Neuter
|It
|In
|Is
|Im
|-
! rowspan="3"|Plural
!First
|Wir
|Uns
|Ner
|Nyr
|-
!Second
|Jir
|Jiw
|Jer
|Jiw
|-
!Third
|Ir
|
|
|
|-
!Indefinite
!Reflexive
|Yr
|Sik
|Saan
|Syr
|-
! rowspan="2"|Interrogative
!Common
|
|
|
|
|-
!Neuter
|
|
|
|
|}

==Determiners==
The negative article is understood as indefinite; there is no negative definite article so the verb of the sentence is negated instead.

{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 500px; "
! rowspan="2" colspan="2"|Determiners
! colspan="3"|Article
! colspan="2"|Demonstrative
|-
!Definite
!Indefinite
!Negative
!Proximal
!Distal
|-
! rowspan="2"|Singular
!Common
| style="text-align: center; "|
| style="text-align: center; "|
| style="text-align: center; "|
| style="text-align: center; "|
| style="text-align: center; "|
|-
!Neuter
| style="text-align: center; "|
| style="text-align: center; "|
| style="text-align: center; "|
| style="text-align: center; "|
| style="text-align: center; "|
|-
! rowspan="2"|Plural
!Common
| style="text-align: center; "|
| style="text-align: center; "|
| style="text-align: center; "|
| style="text-align: center; "|
| style="text-align: center; "|
|-
!Neuter
| style="text-align: center; "|
| style="text-align: center; "|
| style="text-align: center; "|
| style="text-align: center; "|
| style="text-align: center; "|
|-
|}
==Table of Correlatives==
Lorem Ipsum.
==Quantifiers==
Lorem Ipsum.
==Morphology==
===Adjective===
Certain adjectives decline only in an attributive position; they do not in a predicative position. Cf. [[w:German language|German]] ''die schwarze Magd'' vs ''die Magd ist schwarz''. Some adjectives undergo mutation. Furthermore, there are many common affixes which form adjectives, whose list will be available in time.
===Noun===
Their declension depends upon case, gender, and number. A word does not determine a gender, rather a selected gender determines a different word. The plural genitive ending is used in compound words much like kennings.
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 500px; "
! colspan="2"|Class I
!Nominative
!Accusative
!Genitive
!Dative
|-
! rowspan="2"|Red
!Singular
|
| -en
| -es
| -em
|-
!Plural
| -as
| -an
| -a
| -am
|-
! rowspan="2"|Blue
!Singular
|
|
|
|
|-
!Plural
|
|
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2"|Brown
!Singular
|
|
|
|
|-
!Plural
|
|
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2"|Gray
!Singular
|
|
|
|
|-
!Plural
|
|
|
|
|-
|}

===Verb===
Verbs or verb forms in quotes are either an English equivalent or a work in progress. The infinitives of the frequentative form are -eln and -ern; these can be made of many verbs. The infinitive form in Evonish is the lemma form of the verb, meaning it is the one used in dictionaries. The primary aspects are simple, perfect, progressive, habitual, and inchoative. Simple aspect is used for:
*Stative verbs
*Gnomic aspect
Further aspects are formed by nonstandard ways or purely by context.
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 500px"
|-
!Form
! colspan="2"| Suffix
|-
!Lemma
| colspan="2"|
|-
!Frequentative
| colspan="2"|
|-
!Aspect
!Main
!Auxiliary
|-
!Habitual
|infinitive
|"to do"
|-
!Inchoative
|supine
|"to begin"
|-
!Perfect
|past participle
|"to have"
|-
!Progressive
|present participle
|"to be"
|-
!Tense
!Person
!Auxiliary
|-
! rowspan="3"| Future
|First
|"shall"
|-
|Second
|"will"
|-
|Third
|"go"
|-
|}
The particle [TBD] after the main verb negates the verb. The following table shows the conjugation of the verb fällen, a weak 1 class verb. The auxiliary verbs in the table are the verbs used with the participles to form two different aspects.
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width: 500px; "
! colspan="3"|
!
|-
! rowspan="3" |Nonfinite
!Infinitive
|
|
|-
!Gerund
|
|
|-
!Supine
|
|
|-
! rowspan="3" |Participle
!Tense
!Positive
!Negative
|-
!Present
|
|
|-
!Past
|
|
|-
!Mood
!Tense
!Singular
!Plural
|-
! rowspan="6" |Indicative
! rowspan="3" |Present
|
|[TBD]
|-
|
|[TBD]
|-
|
|[TBD]
|-
! rowspan="3" |Past
|
|[TBD]
|-
|[TBD]
|[TBD]
|-
|[TBD]
|[TBD]
|-
! rowspan="2" |Subjunctive
!Nonpast
|
|
|-
!Past
|
|
|-
!Imperative
!Present
|
|
|-
|}

==Syntax==
===Comparisons===
Comparative forms use a particle followed by the noun(s) being compared to. Depending on that noun's case will determine which noun is first making the comparison. These can imply drastically different meanings, for example:
*"He ate pie quicker than '''I'''" would yield "than I ate pie" (in this example the compared noun is in the nominative).
*"He ate pie quicker than '''me'''" would yield "than he ate me" (in this example the compared noun is in the accusative).

===Word Order===
The standard word order is V2; when a phrase, clause, adverb, or adjective precedes the subject for emphasis, the second argument is always the verb. This can be demonstrated in the somewhat archaic or fanciful use "''From the ground'' '''grew''' the tree." Word order is flexible due to conjugations however the primary form for independent clauses is Subject-Verb-Object. Questions without interrogative pronouns(yes or no) have verb first and subject second.
Dependent clauses have a special word order:
*Subject
*Indirect Object
*Direct Object
*Instrument
*Verb.
Relative clauses follow the same pattern as independent clauses when appended to independent clauses and follow the dependent pattern when appended to a dependent clause.
==Dictionary==
{{Kinship
|PaternalGrandMother=
|PaternalGrandFather=
|MaternalGrandMother=
|MaternalGrandFather=
|PaternalAuntsHusband=
|PaternalAunt=
|PaternalUnclesWife=
|PaternalUncle=
|Father=
|Mother=
|PaternalTwinUnclesWife=
|PaternalTwinUncle=
|PaternalYoungerUnclesWife=
|PaternalYoungerUncle=
|PaternalOlderUnclesWife=
|PaternalOlderUncle=
|PaternalTwinAuntsHusband=
|PaternalTwinAunt=
|PaternalYoungerAuntsHusband=
|PaternalYoungerAunt=
|PaternalOlderAuntsHusband=
|PaternalOlderAunt=
|MaternalTwinUnclesWife=
|MaternalTwinUncle=
|MaternalYoungerUnclesWife=
|MaternalYoungerUncle=
|MaternalOlderUnclesWife=
|MaternalOlderUncle=
|MaternalTwinAuntsHusband=
|MaternalTwinAunt=
|MaternalYoungerAuntsHusband=
|MaternalYoungerAunt=
|MaternalOlderAuntsHusband=
|MaternalOlderAunt=
|PaternalTwinUnclesSon=
|PaternalTwinUnclesDaughter=
|PaternalYoungerUnclesSon=
|PaternalYoungerUnclesDaughter=
|PaternalOlderUnclesSon=
|PaternalOlderUnclesDaughter=
|PaternalTwinAuntsSon=
|PaternalTwinAuntsDaughter=
|PaternalYoungerAuntsSon=
|PaternalYoungerAuntsDaughter=
|PaternalOlderAuntsSon=
|PaternalOlderAuntsDaughter=
|MaternalTwinUnclesSon=
|MaternalTwinUnclesDaughter=
|MaternalYoungerUnclesSon=
|MaternalYoungerUnclesDaughter=
|MaternalOlderUnclesSon=
|MaternalOlderUnclesDaughter=
|MaternalTwinAuntsSon=
|MaternalTwinAuntsDaughter=
|MaternalYoungerAuntsSon=
|MaternalYoungerAuntsDaughter=
|MaternalOlderAuntsSon=
|MaternalOlderAuntsDaughter=
|Sister=
|Self=
|Husband=
|Wife=
|LittleSister=
|TwinSister=
|BigSister=
|BigBrother=
|TwinBrother=
|LittleBrother=
|LittleSistersHusband=
|TwinSistersHusband=
|BigSistersHusband=
|BigBrothersWife=
|TwinBrothersWife=
|LittleBrothersWife=
|MaternalAuntsSon=
|MaternalAuntsDaughter=
|MaternalUnclesSon=
|MaternalUnclesDaughter=
|HusbandSon=
|HusbandDaughter=
|WifeSon=
|WifeDaughter=
|TwinSisterNiece=
|TwinSisterNephew=
|LittleSisterNiece=
|LittleSisterNephew=
|BigSisterNiece=
|BigSisterNephew=
|TwinBrotherNiece=
|TwinBrotherNephew=
|LittleBrotherNiece=
|LittleBrotherNephew=
|BigBrotherNiece=
|BigBrotherNephew=
}}

==Example texts==
Lorem Ipsum.
[[Category:Languages]]
[[Category:Conlangs]]
[[Category:A Priori]]
[[Category:Varevon]]

Talk:Evonish

2013-09-03T01:44:04Z

OlySlayer: late response

Evonish

2013-08-20T22:23:00Z

OlySlayer: /* Noun */ temporary

'''Varevon''' (literally angels' language) is an a priori language influenced somewhat by the real languages of Old English, Irish, Russian, and Japanese. Its phoneme inventory is based on [[w:General American pronunciation|General American phonology]], however it bears certain phonetic constraints similar to Japanese. Furthermore, it uses grammar that bears resemblance to European languages.The wordstock has many influences of [[w:Germanic languages|Germanic language]], [[w:Celtic languages|Celtic languages]], [[w:Slavic languages|Slavic languages]], Japanese, and [[a priori]] vocabulary. time. The objectives of Varevon are:
*to create a poetic, flowing language
*to preserve Celtic vocabulary
*to eliminate any and all need for interpretation by context
*to create a left-hand friendly writing system
''Tables are horizontally flipped intentionally.''

{{ClassMeter
|Name = Varevon
|NativeName = Varavon
|Type = Fusional
|Alignment = Nominative-Accusative

|adjective = final
|adposition = final
|adverb = final
|article = final
|relativeclause = mixed
|nounclause = final
|order = SVO

|Tonal = No
|Declined = Yes
|Conjugated = Yes
|Genders = Red, Blue, Brown, Gray
|NCase = yes
|NNumber = yes
|NDefiniteness = no
|NGender = yes
|VVoice = no
|VMood = yes
|VPerson = yes
|VNumber = yes
|VTense = yes
|VAspect = no

|Phonology=
|NounCases=
|NounDef=
|NounNumbers=
|NounGender=
|VerbPerson=
|VerbNumber=
|VerbAspect=
|VerbTense=
|VerbMood=
|VerbVoice=
|AdjCase= 0
|AdjNumber= 0
|AdjDef= 100
|AdjGen= 0
|AdjComparative= 100
|AdjSuperlative= 100
|Supine=
|Gerund=
|Participle= 100
|Infinitive= 100
|Modality=
|Words=}}
==Phonology==
Aspiration is in free variation; it does not determine another phoneme. Æ-Tensing is a process by which the vowel /æ/ is raised and lengthened to produce /æ̝ˑ/ before a nasal consonant, yet this is merely an allophone and may be ignored.
===Consonants===
Parenthesis indicate allophones.
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg"
! scope="col" style="width: 66px; text-align: center; "|Bilabial
! scope="col" style="width: 66px; text-align: center; "|Labio-dental
! scope="col" style="width: 66px; text-align: center; "|Dental
! scope="col" style="width: 66px; text-align: center; "|Alveolar
! scope="col" style="width: 66px; text-align: center; "|Post-alveolar
! scope="col" style="width: 66px; text-align: center; "|Palatal
! scope="col" style="width: 66px; text-align: center; "|Labio-velar
! scope="col" style="width: 66px; text-align: center; "|Velar
! scope="col" style="width: 66px; text-align: center; "|Glottal
! scope="col" style="width: 66px; "|
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|/m/
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|/n/
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|/ŋ/
| style="text-align: center;"|
! style="text-align: center; "|Nasal
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|/p/ /b/
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|/t/ /d/
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|/k/ /g/
| style="text-align: center;"|/ʔ/
! style="text-align: center; "|Plosive
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|/f/ /v/
| style="text-align: center;"|/θ/ /ð/
| style="text-align: center;"|/s/ /z/
| style="text-align: center;"|/ʃ/ /ʒ/
| style="text-align: center;"|(ç)
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|/x/
| style="text-align: center;"|/h/
! style="text-align: center; "|Fricative
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;" colspan="3"|/ɹ/
| style="text-align: center;"|/j/
| style="text-align: center;"|/ʍ/ /w/
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
! style="text-align: center; "|Approximant
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;" colspan="3"|/ɾ/
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
! style="text-align: center; "|Flap/Tap
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|/l/
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
! style="text-align: center; "|Lateral
|}

===Vowels===
Parenthesis indicate allophones. The following table includes the rhotic vowels as well.
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg"
! scope="col" style="width: 90px; text-align: center; "|Front
! scope="col" style="width: 90px; text-align: center; "|Near-front
! scope="col" style="width: 90px; text-align: center; "|Central
! scope="col" style="width: 90px; text-align: center; "|Near-back
! scope="col" style="width: 90px; text-align: center; "|Back
! scope="col" style="width: 90px; "|
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|/i/
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|/u/
! style="text-align: center; "|Close
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|/ɪ/
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|/ʊ/
| style="text-align: center;"|
! style="text-align: center; "|Near-close
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|/e/, /e˞ː/
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|/o/
! style="text-align: center; "|Close-mid
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|/ə/
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
! style="text-align: center; "|Mid
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|/ɛ/, /ɛ˞ː/
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|/ɝː/
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|/ʌ/ '''·''' /ɔ/, /ɔ˞ː/
! style="text-align: center; "|Open-mid
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|/æ/ (æ̝ˑ)
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
! style="text-align: center; "|Near-open
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|/ɑ/, /ɑ˞/
! style="text-align: center; "|Open
|}

==Writing==
'''The writing system is from right to left.'''
===Alphabet===
The twenty-eight letter alphabet is a modified Latin alphabet that contains the following characters.
*a, p, b, c, j, t, d, þ, ð, e, f, v, k, g, h, i, y, l, m, n, o, r, s, z, u, ƕ, w, x.
The [[IPA for Varevon]] is sorely out of date, and is subject to change soon.
===Diacritics===
A caron is placed over certain letters which changes them to distinct, but related sounds. These are the following letters with carons: č, ǰ, ň, š, ž. Umlauts from Germanic languages are written as the standard vowel with an e after.

==Pronouns==
Personal pronouns are the most complex. The sole relative pronoun is [TBD].
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 500px; "
! scope="row"|Person
! scope="col"|Number
! scope="col"|Nominative
! scope="col"|Accusative
! scope="col"|Genitive
! scope="col"|Dative
|-
! rowspan="2" scope="row"|First
!Singular
|
|
|
|
|-
!Plural
|
|
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2"|Second
!Singular
|
|
|
|
|-
!Plural
|
|
|
|
|-
! rowspan="3"|Third
!Common
|
|
|
|
|-
!Neuter
|
|
|
|
|-
!Plural
|
|
|
|
|-
!Indefinite
!Reflexive
|
|
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2"|Interrogative
!Common
|
|
|
|
|-
!Neuter
|
|
|
|
|}

==Determiners==
The negative article is understood as indefinite; there is no negative definite article so the verb of the sentence is negated instead.

{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 500px; "
! rowspan="2" colspan="2"|Determiners
! colspan="3"|Article
! colspan="2"|Demonstrative
|-
!Definite
!Indefinite
!Negative
!Proximal
!Distal
|-
! rowspan="2"|Singular
!Common
| style="text-align: center; "|
| style="text-align: center; "|
| style="text-align: center; "|
| style="text-align: center; "|
| style="text-align: center; "|
|-
!Neuter
| style="text-align: center; "|
| style="text-align: center; "|
| style="text-align: center; "|
| style="text-align: center; "|
| style="text-align: center; "|
|-
! rowspan="2"|Plural
!Common
| style="text-align: center; "|
| style="text-align: center; "|
| style="text-align: center; "|
| style="text-align: center; "|
| style="text-align: center; "|
|-
!Neuter
| style="text-align: center; "|
| style="text-align: center; "|
| style="text-align: center; "|
| style="text-align: center; "|
| style="text-align: center; "|
|-
|}
==Table of Correlatives==
Lorem Ipsum.
==Quantifiers==
Lorem Ipsum.
==Morphology==
===Adjective===
Certain adjectives decline only in an attributive position; they do not in a predicative position. Cf. [[w:German language|German]] ''die schwarze Magd'' vs ''die Magd ist schwarz''. Some adjectives undergo mutation. Furthermore, there are many common affixes which form adjectives, whose list will be available in time.
===Noun===
Their declension depends upon case, gender, and number. A word does not determine a gender, rather a selected gender determines a different word. The plural genitive ending is used in compound words much like kennings.
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 500px; "
! colspan="2"|Class I
!Nominative
!Accusative
!Genitive
!Dative
|-
! rowspan="2"|Red
!Singular
|
| -en
| -es
| -em
|-
!Plural
| -as
| -an
| -a
| -am
|-
! rowspan="2"|Blue
!Singular
|
|
|
|
|-
!Plural
|
|
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2"|Brown
!Singular
|
|
|
|
|-
!Plural
|
|
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2"|Gray
!Singular
|
|
|
|
|-
!Plural
|
|
|
|
|-
|}

===Verb===
Verbs or verb forms in quotes are either an English equivalent or a work in progress. The infinitives of the frequentative form are -eln and -ern; these can be made of many verbs. The infinitive form in Evonish is the lemma form of the verb, meaning it is the one used in dictionaries. The primary aspects are simple, perfect, progressive, habitual, and inchoative. Simple aspect is used for:
*Stative verbs
*Gnomic aspect
Further aspects are formed by nonstandard ways or purely by context.
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 500px"
|-
!Form
! colspan="2"| Suffix
|-
!Lemma
| colspan="2"|
|-
!Frequentative
| colspan="2"|
|-
!Aspect
!Main
!Auxiliary
|-
!Habitual
|infinitive
|"to do"
|-
!Inchoative
|supine
|"to begin"
|-
!Perfect
|past participle
|"to have"
|-
!Progressive
|present participle
|"to be"
|-
!Tense
!Person
!Auxiliary
|-
! rowspan="3"| Future
|First
|"shall"
|-
|Second
|"will"
|-
|Third
|"go"
|-
|}
The particle [TBD] after the main verb negates the verb. The following table shows the conjugation of the verb fällen, a weak 1 class verb. The auxiliary verbs in the table are the verbs used with the participles to form two different aspects.
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width: 500px; "
! colspan="3"|
!
|-
! rowspan="3" |Nonfinite
!Infinitive
|
|
|-
!Gerund
|
|
|-
!Supine
|
|
|-
! rowspan="3" |Participle
!Tense
!Positive
!Negative
|-
!Present
|
|
|-
!Past
|
|
|-
!Mood
!Tense
!Singular
!Plural
|-
! rowspan="6" |Indicative
! rowspan="3" |Present
|
|[TBD]
|-
|
|[TBD]
|-
|
|[TBD]
|-
! rowspan="3" |Past
|
|[TBD]
|-
|[TBD]
|[TBD]
|-
|[TBD]
|[TBD]
|-
! rowspan="2" |Subjunctive
!Nonpast
|
|
|-
!Past
|
|
|-
!Imperative
!Present
|
|
|-
|}

==Syntax==
===Comparisons===
Comparative forms use a particle followed by the noun(s) being compared to. Depending on that noun's case will determine which noun is first making the comparison. These can imply drastically different meanings, for example:
*"He ate pie quicker than '''I'''" would yield "than I ate pie" (in this example the compared noun is in the nominative).
*"He ate pie quicker than '''me'''" would yield "than he ate me" (in this example the compared noun is in the accusative).

===Word Order===
The standard word order is V2; when a phrase, clause, adverb, or adjective precedes the subject for emphasis, the second argument is always the verb. This can be demonstrated in the somewhat archaic or fanciful use "''From the ground'' '''grew''' the tree." Word order is flexible due to conjugations however the primary form for independent clauses is Subject-Verb-Object. Questions without interrogative pronouns(yes or no) have verb first and subject second.
Dependent clauses have a special word order:
*Subject
*Indirect Object
*Direct Object
*Instrument
*Verb.
Relative clauses follow the same pattern as independent clauses when appended to independent clauses and follow the dependent pattern when appended to a dependent clause.
==Dictionary==
{{Kinship
|PaternalGrandMother=
|PaternalGrandFather=
|MaternalGrandMother=
|MaternalGrandFather=
|PaternalAuntsHusband=
|PaternalAunt=
|PaternalUnclesWife=
|PaternalUncle=
|Father=
|Mother=
|PaternalTwinUnclesWife=
|PaternalTwinUncle=
|PaternalYoungerUnclesWife=
|PaternalYoungerUncle=
|PaternalOlderUnclesWife=
|PaternalOlderUncle=
|PaternalTwinAuntsHusband=
|PaternalTwinAunt=
|PaternalYoungerAuntsHusband=
|PaternalYoungerAunt=
|PaternalOlderAuntsHusband=
|PaternalOlderAunt=
|MaternalTwinUnclesWife=
|MaternalTwinUncle=
|MaternalYoungerUnclesWife=
|MaternalYoungerUncle=
|MaternalOlderUnclesWife=
|MaternalOlderUncle=
|MaternalTwinAuntsHusband=
|MaternalTwinAunt=
|MaternalYoungerAuntsHusband=
|MaternalYoungerAunt=
|MaternalOlderAuntsHusband=
|MaternalOlderAunt=
|PaternalTwinUnclesSon=
|PaternalTwinUnclesDaughter=
|PaternalYoungerUnclesSon=
|PaternalYoungerUnclesDaughter=
|PaternalOlderUnclesSon=
|PaternalOlderUnclesDaughter=
|PaternalTwinAuntsSon=
|PaternalTwinAuntsDaughter=
|PaternalYoungerAuntsSon=
|PaternalYoungerAuntsDaughter=
|PaternalOlderAuntsSon=
|PaternalOlderAuntsDaughter=
|MaternalTwinUnclesSon=
|MaternalTwinUnclesDaughter=
|MaternalYoungerUnclesSon=
|MaternalYoungerUnclesDaughter=
|MaternalOlderUnclesSon=
|MaternalOlderUnclesDaughter=
|MaternalTwinAuntsSon=
|MaternalTwinAuntsDaughter=
|MaternalYoungerAuntsSon=
|MaternalYoungerAuntsDaughter=
|MaternalOlderAuntsSon=
|MaternalOlderAuntsDaughter=
|Sister=
|Self=
|Husband=
|Wife=
|LittleSister=
|TwinSister=
|BigSister=
|BigBrother=
|TwinBrother=
|LittleBrother=
|LittleSistersHusband=
|TwinSistersHusband=
|BigSistersHusband=
|BigBrothersWife=
|TwinBrothersWife=
|LittleBrothersWife=
|MaternalAuntsSon=
|MaternalAuntsDaughter=
|MaternalUnclesSon=
|MaternalUnclesDaughter=
|HusbandSon=
|HusbandDaughter=
|WifeSon=
|WifeDaughter=
|TwinSisterNiece=
|TwinSisterNephew=
|LittleSisterNiece=
|LittleSisterNephew=
|BigSisterNiece=
|BigSisterNephew=
|TwinBrotherNiece=
|TwinBrotherNephew=
|LittleBrotherNiece=
|LittleBrotherNephew=
|BigBrotherNiece=
|BigBrotherNephew=
}}

==Example texts==
Lorem Ipsum.
[[Category:Languages]]
[[Category:Conlangs]]
[[Category:A Priori]]
[[Category:Varevon]]

IPA for Varevon

2013-08-17T02:30:41Z

OlySlayer:

The charts below show the way in which the [[wikipedia:International Phonetic Alphabet|International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)]] represents [[Evonish]] pronunciations. English approximations are closest to General American(unless otherwise stated).

{{IPA keys}}
{| style="background: none"
|-
| valign="top" |
{| style="background: none"
|-
| valign="top" |
{| class="IPA wikitable"
![[wikipedia:Wikipedia:IPA|IPA]] !! Examples !! nearest English equivalent
|-
! colspan=3| [[wikipedia:Consonant|Consonants]]
|-
|align="center" |<big>p</big>
|'''p'''
|'''p'''an
|-
|align="center" |<big>b</big>
|'''b'''rennen
|'''b'''urn
|-
|align="center" |<big>ʃ</big>
|'''š'''
|fi'''sh'''
|-
|align="center" |<big>ʒ</big>
|'''ž'''
|fi'''ss'''ure
|-
|align="center" |<big>t</big>
|'''t'''
|'''t'''ell
|-
|align="center" |<big>d</big>
|'''d'''
|'''d'''og
|-
|align="center" |<big>θ</big>
|'''þ'''orn
|'''th'''orn
|-
|align="center" |<big>ð</big>
|'''ð'''at
|'''th'''e
|-
|align="center" |<big>f</big>
|'''f'''engen
|'''f'''ight
|-
|align="center" |<big>v</big>
|'''v'''
|'''v'''ixen
|-
|align="center" |<big>k</big>
|'''k'''old
|'''k'''itten
|-
|align="center" |<big>g</big>
|'''g'''
|'''g'''reat
|-
|align="center" |<big>ç</big>
|'''x'''
|'''h'''ue
|-
|align="center" |<big>j</big>
|jee
|'''y'''ou
|-
|align="center" |<big>h</big>
|'''h'''egel
|'''h'''ail
|-
|align="center" |<big>l</big>
|'''l'''uft
|'''l'''ittle
|-
|align="center" |<big>m</big>
|'''m'''
|'''m'''ask
|-
|align="center" |<big>n</big>
|'''n'''ight
|'''n'''ight
|-
|align="center" |<big>ŋ</big>
|ň
|wi'''ng'''
|-
|align="center" |<big>ɹ</big>
|'''r'''
|'''r'''ight
|-
|align="center" |<big>s</big>
|'''s'''
|'''s'''oup
|-
|align="center" |<big>z</big>
|'''z'''ek
|'''z'''ebra
|-
|align="center" |<big>ʍ</big>
|'''ƕ'''at
|'''wh'''ale(some accents)
|-
|align="center" |<big>w</big>
|'''w'''
|'''w'''alk
|-
|}
| valign="top" |
{| class="IPA wikitable"
![[wikipedia:Wikipedia:IPA|IPA]] !! Examples !! nearest English equivalent
|-
! colspan="3"| [[wikipedia:Vowel|Vowels]]
|-
|align="center" |<big>æ</big>
|a
|'''a'''shen
|-
|align="center" |<big>ɛ</big>
|e
|b'''e'''d
|-
|align="center" |<big>ɪ</big>
|i
|f'''i'''ll
|-
|align="center" |<big>i</big>
|ii
|f'''ee'''l
|-
|align="center" |<big>ɑ</big>
|o
|b'''o'''ther
|-
|align="center" |<big>ʌ</big>
|u
|c'''u'''p
|-
|align="center" |<big>u</big>
|uu
|f'''oo'''l
|-
|align="center" |<big>ʊ</big>
|y
|sh'''oo'''k
|-
!colspan=3| [[wikipedia:diphthong|Diphthongs]]
|-
|align="center" |<big>aʊ</big>
|aa
|h'''ow'''
|-
|align="center" |<big>ai</big>
|yy
|f'''ie'''ry
|-
|align="center" |<big>eɪ</big>
|ee
|gr'''ea'''t
|-
|align="center" |<big>oʊ</big>
|oo
|b'''oa'''t
|-
|}
|}
|}
[[Category:Languages]]
[[Category:Conlangs]]
[[Category:Varevon]]

Evonish

2013-08-17T02:23:43Z

OlySlayer: What's this!? Your language is evolving!?

'''Varevon''' (literally angels' language) is an a priori language influenced somewhat by the real languages of Old English, Irish, Russian, and Japanese. Its phoneme inventory is based on [[w:General American pronunciation|General American phonology]], however it bears certain phonetic constraints similar to Japanese. Furthermore, it uses grammar that bears resemblance to European languages.The wordstock has many influences of [[w:Germanic languages|Germanic language]], [[w:Celtic languages|Celtic languages]], [[w:Slavic languages|Slavic languages]], Japanese, and [[a priori]] vocabulary. time. The objectives of Varevon are:
*to create a poetic, flowing language
*to preserve Celtic vocabulary
*to eliminate any and all need for interpretation by context
*to create a left-hand friendly writing system
''Tables are horizontally flipped intentionally.''

{{ClassMeter
|Name = Varevon
|NativeName = Varavon
|Type = Fusional
|Alignment = Nominative-Accusative

|adjective = final
|adposition = final
|adverb = final
|article = final
|relativeclause = mixed
|nounclause = final
|order = SVO

|Tonal = No
|Declined = Yes
|Conjugated = Yes
|Genders = Red, Blue, Brown, Gray
|NCase = yes
|NNumber = yes
|NDefiniteness = no
|NGender = yes
|VVoice = no
|VMood = yes
|VPerson = yes
|VNumber = yes
|VTense = yes
|VAspect = no

|Phonology=
|NounCases=
|NounDef=
|NounNumbers=
|NounGender=
|VerbPerson=
|VerbNumber=
|VerbAspect=
|VerbTense=
|VerbMood=
|VerbVoice=
|AdjCase= 0
|AdjNumber= 0
|AdjDef= 100
|AdjGen= 0
|AdjComparative= 100
|AdjSuperlative= 100
|Supine=
|Gerund=
|Participle= 100
|Infinitive= 100
|Modality=
|Words=}}
==Phonology==
Aspiration is in free variation; it does not determine another phoneme. Æ-Tensing is a process by which the vowel /æ/ is raised and lengthened to produce /æ̝ˑ/ before a nasal consonant, yet this is merely an allophone and may be ignored.
===Consonants===
Parenthesis indicate allophones.
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg"
! scope="col" style="width: 66px; text-align: center; "|Bilabial
! scope="col" style="width: 66px; text-align: center; "|Labio-dental
! scope="col" style="width: 66px; text-align: center; "|Dental
! scope="col" style="width: 66px; text-align: center; "|Alveolar
! scope="col" style="width: 66px; text-align: center; "|Post-alveolar
! scope="col" style="width: 66px; text-align: center; "|Palatal
! scope="col" style="width: 66px; text-align: center; "|Labio-velar
! scope="col" style="width: 66px; text-align: center; "|Velar
! scope="col" style="width: 66px; text-align: center; "|Glottal
! scope="col" style="width: 66px; "|
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|/m/
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|/n/
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|/ŋ/
| style="text-align: center;"|
! style="text-align: center; "|Nasal
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|/p/ /b/
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|/t/ /d/
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|/k/ /g/
| style="text-align: center;"|/ʔ/
! style="text-align: center; "|Plosive
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|/f/ /v/
| style="text-align: center;"|/θ/ /ð/
| style="text-align: center;"|/s/ /z/
| style="text-align: center;"|/ʃ/ /ʒ/
| style="text-align: center;"|(ç)
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|/x/
| style="text-align: center;"|/h/
! style="text-align: center; "|Fricative
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;" colspan="3"|/ɹ/
| style="text-align: center;"|/j/
| style="text-align: center;"|/ʍ/ /w/
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
! style="text-align: center; "|Approximant
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;" colspan="3"|/ɾ/
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
! style="text-align: center; "|Flap/Tap
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|/l/
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
! style="text-align: center; "|Lateral
|}

===Vowels===
Parenthesis indicate allophones. The following table includes the rhotic vowels as well.
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg"
! scope="col" style="width: 90px; text-align: center; "|Front
! scope="col" style="width: 90px; text-align: center; "|Near-front
! scope="col" style="width: 90px; text-align: center; "|Central
! scope="col" style="width: 90px; text-align: center; "|Near-back
! scope="col" style="width: 90px; text-align: center; "|Back
! scope="col" style="width: 90px; "|
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|/i/
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|/u/
! style="text-align: center; "|Close
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|/ɪ/
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|/ʊ/
| style="text-align: center;"|
! style="text-align: center; "|Near-close
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|/e/, /e˞ː/
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|/o/
! style="text-align: center; "|Close-mid
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|/ə/
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
! style="text-align: center; "|Mid
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|/ɛ/, /ɛ˞ː/
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|/ɝː/
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|/ʌ/ '''·''' /ɔ/, /ɔ˞ː/
! style="text-align: center; "|Open-mid
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|/æ/ (æ̝ˑ)
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
! style="text-align: center; "|Near-open
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|/ɑ/, /ɑ˞/
! style="text-align: center; "|Open
|}

==Writing==
'''The writing system is from right to left.'''
===Alphabet===
The twenty-eight letter alphabet is a modified Latin alphabet that contains the following characters.
*a, p, b, c, j, t, d, þ, ð, e, f, v, k, g, h, i, y, l, m, n, o, r, s, z, u, ƕ, w, x.
The [[IPA for Varevon]] is sorely out of date, and is subject to change soon.
===Diacritics===
A caron is placed over certain letters which changes them to distinct, but related sounds. These are the following letters with carons: č, ǰ, ň, š, ž. Umlauts from Germanic languages are written as the standard vowel with an e after.

==Pronouns==
Personal pronouns are the most complex. The sole relative pronoun is [TBD].
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 500px; "
! scope="row"|Person
! scope="col"|Number
! scope="col"|Nominative
! scope="col"|Accusative
! scope="col"|Genitive
! scope="col"|Dative
|-
! rowspan="2" scope="row"|First
!Singular
|
|
|
|
|-
!Plural
|
|
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2"|Second
!Singular
|
|
|
|
|-
!Plural
|
|
|
|
|-
! rowspan="3"|Third
!Common
|
|
|
|
|-
!Neuter
|
|
|
|
|-
!Plural
|
|
|
|
|-
!Indefinite
!Reflexive
|
|
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2"|Interrogative
!Common
|
|
|
|
|-
!Neuter
|
|
|
|
|}

==Determiners==
The negative article is understood as indefinite; there is no negative definite article so the verb of the sentence is negated instead.

{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 500px; "
! rowspan="2" colspan="2"|Determiners
! colspan="3"|Article
! colspan="2"|Demonstrative
|-
!Definite
!Indefinite
!Negative
!Proximal
!Distal
|-
! rowspan="2"|Singular
!Common
| style="text-align: center; "|
| style="text-align: center; "|
| style="text-align: center; "|
| style="text-align: center; "|
| style="text-align: center; "|
|-
!Neuter
| style="text-align: center; "|
| style="text-align: center; "|
| style="text-align: center; "|
| style="text-align: center; "|
| style="text-align: center; "|
|-
! rowspan="2"|Plural
!Common
| style="text-align: center; "|
| style="text-align: center; "|
| style="text-align: center; "|
| style="text-align: center; "|
| style="text-align: center; "|
|-
!Neuter
| style="text-align: center; "|
| style="text-align: center; "|
| style="text-align: center; "|
| style="text-align: center; "|
| style="text-align: center; "|
|-
|}
==Table of Correlatives==
Lorem Ipsum.
==Quantifiers==
Lorem Ipsum.
==Morphology==
===Adjective===
Certain adjectives decline only in an attributive position; they do not in a predicative position. Cf. [[w:German language|German]] ''die schwarze Magd'' vs ''die Magd ist schwarz''. Some adjectives undergo mutation. Furthermore, there are many common affixes which form adjectives, whose list will be available in time.
===Noun===
Their declension depends upon case, gender, and number. A word does not determine a gender, rather a selected gender determines a different word. The plural genitive ending is used in compound words much like kennings.
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 500px; "
! colspan="2"|Class I
!Nominative
!Accusative
!Genitive
!Dative
|-
! rowspan="2"|Red
!Singular
|
|
|
|
|-
!Plural
|
|
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2"|Blue
!Singular
|
|
|
|
|-
!Plural
|
|
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2"|Brown
!Singular
|
|
|
|
|-
!Plural
|
|
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2"|Gray
!Singular
|
|
|
|
|-
!Plural
|
|
|
|
|-
|}
===Verb===
Verbs or verb forms in quotes are either an English equivalent or a work in progress. The infinitives of the frequentative form are -eln and -ern; these can be made of many verbs. The infinitive form in Evonish is the lemma form of the verb, meaning it is the one used in dictionaries. The primary aspects are simple, perfect, progressive, habitual, and inchoative. Simple aspect is used for:
*Stative verbs
*Gnomic aspect
Further aspects are formed by nonstandard ways or purely by context.
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 500px"
|-
!Form
! colspan="2"| Suffix
|-
!Lemma
| colspan="2"|
|-
!Frequentative
| colspan="2"|
|-
!Aspect
!Main
!Auxiliary
|-
!Habitual
|infinitive
|"to do"
|-
!Inchoative
|supine
|"to begin"
|-
!Perfect
|past participle
|"to have"
|-
!Progressive
|present participle
|"to be"
|-
!Tense
!Person
!Auxiliary
|-
! rowspan="3"| Future
|First
|"shall"
|-
|Second
|"will"
|-
|Third
|"go"
|-
|}
The particle [TBD] after the main verb negates the verb. The following table shows the conjugation of the verb fällen, a weak 1 class verb. The auxiliary verbs in the table are the verbs used with the participles to form two different aspects.
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width: 500px; "
! colspan="3"|
!
|-
! rowspan="3" |Nonfinite
!Infinitive
|
|
|-
!Gerund
|
|
|-
!Supine
|
|
|-
! rowspan="3" |Participle
!Tense
!Positive
!Negative
|-
!Present
|
|
|-
!Past
|
|
|-
!Mood
!Tense
!Singular
!Plural
|-
! rowspan="6" |Indicative
! rowspan="3" |Present
|
|[TBD]
|-
|
|[TBD]
|-
|
|[TBD]
|-
! rowspan="3" |Past
|
|[TBD]
|-
|[TBD]
|[TBD]
|-
|[TBD]
|[TBD]
|-
! rowspan="2" |Subjunctive
!Nonpast
|
|
|-
!Past
|
|
|-
!Imperative
!Present
|
|
|-
|}

==Syntax==
===Comparisons===
Comparative forms use a particle followed by the noun(s) being compared to. Depending on that noun's case will determine which noun is first making the comparison. These can imply drastically different meanings, for example:
*"He ate pie quicker than '''I'''" would yield "than I ate pie" (in this example the compared noun is in the nominative).
*"He ate pie quicker than '''me'''" would yield "than he ate me" (in this example the compared noun is in the accusative).

===Word Order===
The standard word order is V2; when a phrase, clause, adverb, or adjective precedes the subject for emphasis, the second argument is always the verb. This can be demonstrated in the somewhat archaic or fanciful use "''From the ground'' '''grew''' the tree." Word order is flexible due to conjugations however the primary form for independent clauses is Subject-Verb-Object. Questions without interrogative pronouns(yes or no) have verb first and subject second.
Dependent clauses have a special word order:
*Subject
*Indirect Object
*Direct Object
*Instrument
*Verb.
Relative clauses follow the same pattern as independent clauses when appended to independent clauses and follow the dependent pattern when appended to a dependent clause.
==Dictionary==
{{Kinship
|PaternalGrandMother=
|PaternalGrandFather=
|MaternalGrandMother=
|MaternalGrandFather=
|PaternalAuntsHusband=
|PaternalAunt=
|PaternalUnclesWife=
|PaternalUncle=
|Father=
|Mother=
|PaternalTwinUnclesWife=
|PaternalTwinUncle=
|PaternalYoungerUnclesWife=
|PaternalYoungerUncle=
|PaternalOlderUnclesWife=
|PaternalOlderUncle=
|PaternalTwinAuntsHusband=
|PaternalTwinAunt=
|PaternalYoungerAuntsHusband=
|PaternalYoungerAunt=
|PaternalOlderAuntsHusband=
|PaternalOlderAunt=
|MaternalTwinUnclesWife=
|MaternalTwinUncle=
|MaternalYoungerUnclesWife=
|MaternalYoungerUncle=
|MaternalOlderUnclesWife=
|MaternalOlderUncle=
|MaternalTwinAuntsHusband=
|MaternalTwinAunt=
|MaternalYoungerAuntsHusband=
|MaternalYoungerAunt=
|MaternalOlderAuntsHusband=
|MaternalOlderAunt=
|PaternalTwinUnclesSon=
|PaternalTwinUnclesDaughter=
|PaternalYoungerUnclesSon=
|PaternalYoungerUnclesDaughter=
|PaternalOlderUnclesSon=
|PaternalOlderUnclesDaughter=
|PaternalTwinAuntsSon=
|PaternalTwinAuntsDaughter=
|PaternalYoungerAuntsSon=
|PaternalYoungerAuntsDaughter=
|PaternalOlderAuntsSon=
|PaternalOlderAuntsDaughter=
|MaternalTwinUnclesSon=
|MaternalTwinUnclesDaughter=
|MaternalYoungerUnclesSon=
|MaternalYoungerUnclesDaughter=
|MaternalOlderUnclesSon=
|MaternalOlderUnclesDaughter=
|MaternalTwinAuntsSon=
|MaternalTwinAuntsDaughter=
|MaternalYoungerAuntsSon=
|MaternalYoungerAuntsDaughter=
|MaternalOlderAuntsSon=
|MaternalOlderAuntsDaughter=
|Sister=
|Self=
|Husband=
|Wife=
|LittleSister=
|TwinSister=
|BigSister=
|BigBrother=
|TwinBrother=
|LittleBrother=
|LittleSistersHusband=
|TwinSistersHusband=
|BigSistersHusband=
|BigBrothersWife=
|TwinBrothersWife=
|LittleBrothersWife=
|MaternalAuntsSon=
|MaternalAuntsDaughter=
|MaternalUnclesSon=
|MaternalUnclesDaughter=
|HusbandSon=
|HusbandDaughter=
|WifeSon=
|WifeDaughter=
|TwinSisterNiece=
|TwinSisterNephew=
|LittleSisterNiece=
|LittleSisterNephew=
|BigSisterNiece=
|BigSisterNephew=
|TwinBrotherNiece=
|TwinBrotherNephew=
|LittleBrotherNiece=
|LittleBrotherNephew=
|BigBrotherNiece=
|BigBrotherNephew=
}}

==Example texts==
Lorem Ipsum.
[[Category:Languages]]
[[Category:Conlangs]]
[[Category:A Priori]]
[[Category:Varevon]]

IPA for Evonish

2013-08-17T02:01:57Z

OlySlayer: OlySlayer moved page IPA for Evonish to IPA for Varevon: Language was renamed

#REDIRECT [[IPA for Varevon]]

IPA for Varevon

2013-08-17T02:01:57Z

OlySlayer: OlySlayer moved page IPA for Evonish to IPA for Varevon: Language was renamed

The charts below show the way in which the [[wikipedia:International Phonetic Alphabet|International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)]] represents [[Evonish]] pronunciations. English approximations are closest to General American(unless otherwise stated).

{{IPA keys}}
{| style="background: none"
|-
| valign="top" |
{| style="background: none"
|-
| valign="top" |
{| class="IPA wikitable"
![[wikipedia:Wikipedia:IPA|IPA]] !! Examples !! nearest English equivalent
|-
! colspan=3| [[wikipedia:Consonant|Consonants]]
|-
|align="center" |<big>p</big>
|'''p'''
|'''p'''an
|-
|align="center" |<big>b</big>
|'''b'''rennen
|'''b'''urn
|-
|align="center" |<big>ʃ</big>
|'''x'''
|fi'''sh'''
|-
|align="center" |<big>ʒ</big>
|'''x'''
|fi'''ss'''ure
|-
|align="center" |<big>t</big>
|'''t'''
|'''t'''ell
|-
|align="center" |<big>d</big>
|'''d'''
|'''d'''og
|-
|align="center" |<big>θ</big>
|'''þ'''orn
|'''th'''orn
|-
|align="center" |<big>ð</big>
|'''ð'''at
|'''th'''e
|-
|align="center" |<big>f</big>
|'''f'''engen
|'''f'''ight
|-
|align="center" |<big>v</big>
|'''v'''
|'''v'''ixen
|-
|align="center" |<big>k</big>
|'''k'''old
|'''k'''itten
|-
|align="center" |<big>g</big>
|'''g'''
|'''g'''reat
|-
|align="center" |<big>ç</big>
|'''c'''
|'''h'''ue
|-
|align="center" |<big>j</big>
|jee
|'''y'''ou
|-
|align="center" |<big>h</big>
|'''h'''egel
|'''h'''ail
|-
|align="center" |<big>l</big>
|'''l'''uft
|'''l'''ittle
|-
|align="center" |<big>m</big>
|'''m'''
|'''m'''ask
|-
|align="center" |<big>n</big>
|'''n'''ight
|'''n'''ight
|-
|align="center" |<big>ŋ</big>
|si'''n'''gen, si'''n'''ken
|wi'''ng'''
|-
|align="center" |<big>ɹ</big>
|'''r'''
|'''r'''ight
|-
|align="center" |<big>ɾ</big>
|H'''r'''
|quie'''r'''o ([[wikipedia:Spanish language|Spanish]])
|-
|align="center" |<big>s</big>
|'''s'''
|'''s'''oup
|-
|align="center" |<big>z</big>
|'''z'''ek
|'''z'''ebra
|-
|align="center" |<big>ʍ</big>
|'''ƕ'''at
|'''wh'''ale(some accents)
|-
|align="center" |<big>w</big>
|'''w'''
|'''w'''alk
|-
|}
| valign="top" |
{| class="IPA wikitable"
![[wikipedia:Wikipedia:IPA|IPA]] !! Examples !! nearest English equivalent
|-
! colspan="3"| [[wikipedia:Vowel|Vowels]]
|-
|align="center" |<big>æ</big>
|'''a'''shen
|'''a'''shen
|-
|align="center" |<big>ɛ</big>
|'''e'''
|b'''e'''d
|-
|align="center" |<big>ɪ</big>
|'''i'''
|f'''i'''ll
|-
|align="center" |<big>i</big>
|'''ii'''
|f'''ee'''l
|-
|align="center" |<big>ɑ</big>
|'''o'''
|b'''o'''ther
|-
|align="center" |<big>ʌ</big>
|l'''u'''ft
|c'''u'''p
|-
|align="center" |<big>u</big>
|ð'''uu'''
|f'''oo'''l
|-
|align="center" |<big>ʊ</big>
|'''y'''
|sh'''oo'''k
|-
!colspan=3| [[wikipedia:diphthong|Diphthongs]]
|-
|align="center" |<big>aʊ</big>
|'''aa'''
|h'''ow'''
|-
|align="center" |<big>ai</big>
|'''yy'''
|f'''ie'''ry
|-
|align="center" |<big>eɪ</big>
|'''ee'''
|gr'''ea'''t
|-
|align="center" |<big>oʊ</big>
|'''oo'''
|b'''oa'''t
|-
|}
|}
|}
[[Category:Languages]]
[[Category:Conlangs]]
[[Category:Evonen languages]]

Evonish

2013-08-17T01:41:48Z

OlySlayer: OlySlayer moved page Evonish to Varevon: I've given up on Germanic Purism, making my own original language.

'''Evonish''' is a [[w:Germanic languages|Germanic language]] of the Evonen language branch. It is based on [[w:General American pronunciation|General American phonology]] and uses grammar that descends far from Common Germanic, but in its own branch. The wordstock has many influences of [[w:Celtic languages|Celtic languages]], [[w:Slavic languages|Slavic languages]], and has [[a priori]] features. The elder form is the runic Old Evonish, which was less standardized but had featured greater [[w:morphology|morphology]]. The two languages split on 25 May 2012 and will differentiate more over time. The objectives of Evonish are:
*to reinstitute old features of Germanic
*to preserve Celtic vocabulary
*to eliminate any and all need for interpretation by context
*to create a left-hand friendly writing system
''Tables are horizontally flipped intentionally.''

{{ClassMeter
|Name = Evonish
|NativeName =
|Type = Fusional
|Alignment = Nominative-Accusative

|adjective = final
|adposition = final
|adverb = final
|article = final
|relativeclause = mixed
|nounclause = final
|order = SVO

|Tonal = No
|Declined = Yes
|Conjugated = Yes
|Genders = Common, Neuter
|NCase = yes
|NNumber = yes
|NDefiniteness = no
|NGender = yes
|VVoice = no
|VMood = yes
|VPerson = yes
|VNumber = yes
|VTense = yes
|VAspect = no

|Phonology=
|NounCases=
|NounDef=
|NounNumbers=
|NounGender=
|VerbPerson=
|VerbNumber=
|VerbAspect=
|VerbTense=
|VerbMood=
|VerbVoice=
|AdjCase= 0
|AdjNumber= 0
|AdjDef= 100
|AdjGen= 0
|AdjComparative= 100
|AdjSuperlative= 100
|Supine=
|Gerund=
|Participle= 100
|Infinitive= 100
|Modality=
|Words=}}
==Phonology==
Aspiration is in free variation; it does not determine another phoneme. Palatalization has created related pairs of words with c, k, and x and is responsible for creating the /ʃ/ phoneme from /sk/. N is pronounced /ŋ/ before k while ng simplifies to /ŋ/. Æ-Tensing is a process by which the vowel /æ/ found in Evonish is raised and lengthened to produce /æ̝ˑ/ before a nasal consonant, yet this is merely an allophone and may be ignored.
===Consonants===
Parenthesis indicate allophones.
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg"
! scope="col" style="width: 66px; text-align: center; "|Bilabial
! scope="col" style="width: 66px; text-align: center; "|Labio-dental
! scope="col" style="width: 66px; text-align: center; "|Dental
! scope="col" style="width: 66px; text-align: center; "|Alveolar
! scope="col" style="width: 66px; text-align: center; "|Post-alveolar
! scope="col" style="width: 66px; text-align: center; "|Palatal
! scope="col" style="width: 66px; text-align: center; "|Labio-velar
! scope="col" style="width: 66px; text-align: center; "|Velar
! scope="col" style="width: 66px; text-align: center; "|Glottal
! scope="col" style="width: 66px; "|
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|/m/
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|/n/
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|(ŋ)
| style="text-align: center;"|
! style="text-align: center; "|Nasal
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|/p/ /b/
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|/t/ /d/
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|/k/ /g/
| style="text-align: center;"|/ʔ/
! style="text-align: center; "|Plosive
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|/f/ /v/
| style="text-align: center;"|/θ/ /ð/
| style="text-align: center;"|/s/ /z/
| style="text-align: center;"|/ʃ/ /ʒ/
| style="text-align: center;"|/ç/
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|/x/
| style="text-align: center;"|/h/
! style="text-align: center; "|Fricative
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;" colspan="3"|/ɹ/
| style="text-align: center;"|/j/
| style="text-align: center;"|/ʍ/ /w/
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
! style="text-align: center; "|Approximant
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;" colspan="3"|/ɾ/
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
! style="text-align: center; "|Flap/Tap
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|/l/
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
! style="text-align: center; "|Lateral
|}

===Vowels===
Parenthesis indicate allophones. The following table includes the rhotic vowels as well.
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg"
! scope="col" style="width: 90px; text-align: center; "|Front
! scope="col" style="width: 90px; text-align: center; "|Near-front
! scope="col" style="width: 90px; text-align: center; "|Central
! scope="col" style="width: 90px; text-align: center; "|Near-back
! scope="col" style="width: 90px; text-align: center; "|Back
! scope="col" style="width: 90px; "|
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|/i/
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|/u/
! style="text-align: center; "|Close
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|/ɪ/
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|/ʊ/
| style="text-align: center;"|
! style="text-align: center; "|Near-close
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|/e/, /e˞ː/
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|/o/
! style="text-align: center; "|Close-mid
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|/ə/
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
! style="text-align: center; "|Mid
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|/ɛ/, /ɛ˞ː/
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|/ɝː/
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|/ʌ/ '''·''' /ɔ/, /ɔ˞ː/
! style="text-align: center; "|Open-mid
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|/æ/ (æ̝ˑ)
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
! style="text-align: center; "|Near-open
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|/ɑ/, /ɑ˞/
! style="text-align: center; "|Open
|}

==Writing==
'''The writing system is from right to left.'''
===Alphabet===
The twenty-eight letter Evonish alphabet is a modified Latin alphabet that contains the following characters.
*a, p b, c, j, t, d, þ, ð, e, f, v, k, g, h, i, y, l, m, n, o, r, s, z, u, ƕ, w, x.
The [[IPA for Evonish]] is sorely out of date, and is subject to change soon.
===Diacritics===
Certain letters with the diaeresis will be used to express umlaut. The umlauts can be rewritten as the standard vowel with an e after. These can be entered with an international keyboard, or copied.
===Digraphs===
These represent further vowels otherwise impossible to write.
aa - /a/, ee - /e/, ii - /i/, oo - /o/, uu - /u/, yy - /ai/

==Pronouns==
Personal pronouns feature a combination of the Germanic, h-stem, i-stem, and s-stem in third person. The sole relative pronoun is [TBD].
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 500px; "
! scope="row"|Person
! scope="col"|Number
! scope="col"|Nominative
! scope="col"|Accusative
! scope="col"|Genitive
! scope="col"|Dative
|-
! rowspan="2" scope="row"|First
!Singular
|
|
|
|
|-
!Plural
|
|
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2"|Second
!Singular
|
|
|
|
|-
!Plural
|
|
|
|
|-
! rowspan="3"|Third
!Common
|
|
|
|
|-
!Neuter
|
|
|
|
|-
!Plural
|
|
|
|
|-
!Indefinite
!Reflexive
|
|
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2"|Interrogative
!Common
|
|
|
|
|-
!Neuter
|
|
|
|
|}

==Determiners==
The negative article is understood as indefinite; there is no negative definite article so the verb of the sentence is negated instead.

{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 500px; "
! rowspan="2" colspan="2"|Determiners
! colspan="3"|Article
! colspan="2"|Demonstrative
|-
!Definite
!Indefinite
!Negative
!Proximal
!Distal
|-
! rowspan="2"|Singular
!Common
| style="text-align: center; "|
| style="text-align: center; "|
| style="text-align: center; "|
| style="text-align: center; "|
| style="text-align: center; "|
|-
!Neuter
| style="text-align: center; "|
| style="text-align: center; "|
| style="text-align: center; "|
| style="text-align: center; "|
| style="text-align: center; "|
|-
! rowspan="2"|Plural
!Common
| style="text-align: center; "|
| style="text-align: center; "|
| style="text-align: center; "|
| style="text-align: center; "|
| style="text-align: center; "|
|-
!Neuter
| style="text-align: center; "|
| style="text-align: center; "|
| style="text-align: center; "|
| style="text-align: center; "|
| style="text-align: center; "|
|-
|}
==Table of Correlatives==
Lorem Ipsum.
==Quantifiers==
Lorem Ipsum.
==Morphology==
===Adjective===
Certain adjectives decline only in an attributive position; they do not in a predicative position. Cf. [[w:German language|German]] ''die schwarze Magd'' vs ''die Magd ist schwarz''. Some adjectives undergo umlaut, such as old, ölder, and öldest. Furthermore, there are many common affixes which form adjectives, whose list will be available in time.
* Comparative: -err
* Superlative: -est
===Noun===
Old Evonish contained two more cases and three genders. Their declension depends upon case, gender, and number. Gender is a special factor in Evonish; a word does not determine a gender, rather a selected gender determines a different word. For example, a stone in common gender may be an igneous rock while a stone in neuter may be a sedimentary rock. The plural genitive ending is used in compound words much like kennings.

{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 500px; "
! colspan="2"|Class I
!Nominative
!Accusative
!Genitive
!Dative
|-
! rowspan="2"|Singular
!Common
|
|
|
|
|-
!Neuter
|
|
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2"|Plural
!Common
|
|
|
|
|-
!Neuter
|
|
|
|
|-
! colspan="2"|Class I
!Nominative
!Accusative
!Genitive
!Dative
|-
! rowspan="2"|Singular
!Common
|
|
|
|
|-
!Neuter
|
|
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2"|Plural
!Common
|
|
|
|
|-
!Neuter
|
|
|
|
|-
|}
===Umlaut===
Umlaut is a process that occured after Proto-Germanic. It has led to the vowel change of many words and often creates pairs of semantically and grammatically similar words.
Occurrences:
*Certain plurals of strong nouns
*Genitive and dative singular of some nouns
*Second and third person singular indicative of some verbs
*Comparatives and superlatives
*Derivative verbs (of nouns)
*Causative verbs
*Abstract nouns with the -þ suffix
*Nouns with the -enn feminine suffix
===Verb===
Verbs or verb forms in quotes are either an English equivalent or a work in progress. The infinitives of the frequentative form are -eln and -ern; these can be made of many verbs. The infinitive form in Evonish is the lemma form of the verb, meaning it is the one used in dictionaries. The primary aspects are simple, perfect, progressive, habitual, and inchoative. Simple aspect is used for:
*Stative verbs
*Gnomic aspect
Further aspects are formed by nonstandard ways or purely by context.
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 500px"
|-
!Form
! colspan="2"| Suffix
|-
!Lemma
| colspan="2"| -en
|-
!Frequentative
| -eln
| -ern
|-
!Aspect
!Main
!Auxiliary
|-
!Habitual
|infinitive
|"to do"
|-
!Inchoative
|supine
|"to begin"
|-
!Perfect
|past participle
|"to have"
|-
!Progressive
|present participle
|"to be"
|-
!Tense
!Person
!Auxiliary
|-
! rowspan="3"| Future
|First
|"shall"
|-
|Second
|"will"
|-
|Third
|"go"
|-
|}
The particle [TBD] after the main verb negates the verb. The following table shows the conjugation of the verb fällen, a weak 1 class verb. The auxiliary verbs in the table are the verbs used with the participles to form two different aspects.
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width: 500px; "
! colspan="3"| To fell - Weak (Class 1)
!
|-
! rowspan="3" |Nonfinite
!Infinitive
|fällen
|
|-
!Gerund
|fälling
|
|-
!Supine
|tofäll
|
|-
! rowspan="3" |Participle
!Tense
!Positive
!Negative
|-
!Present
|fällend
|nefällend
|-
!Past
|gefälled
|unfälled
|-
!Mood
!Tense
!Singular
!Plural
|-
! rowspan="6" |Indicative
! rowspan="3" |Present
|fälle
|[TBD]
|-
|fällest
|[TBD]
|-
|fälleþ
|[TBD]
|-
! rowspan="3" |Past
|fälled
|[TBD]
|-
|[TBD]
|[TBD]
|-
|[TBD]
|[TBD]
|-
! rowspan="2" |Subjunctive
!Nonpast
|fälle
|fällen
|-
!Past
|fällde
|fällden
|-
!Imperative
!Present
|fäll!
|fälleþ!
|-
|}

==Syntax==
===Comparisons===
Comparative forms use the particle "ðann" followed by the noun(s) being compared to. Depending on that noun's case will determine which noun is first making the comparison. These can imply drastically different meanings, for example:
*"He ate pie quicker than '''I'''" would yield "than I ate pie" (in this example the compared noun is in the nominative).
*"He ate pie quicker than '''me'''" would yield "than he ate me" (in this example the compared noun is in the accusative).

===Word Order===
The standard word order is V2; when a phrase, clause, adverb, or adjective precedes the subject for emphasis, the second argument is always the verb. This can be demonstrated in the somewhat archaic or fanciful use "''From the ground'' '''grew''' the tree." Word order is flexible due to conjugations however the primary form for independent clauses is Subject-Verb-Object. Questions without interrogative pronouns(yes or no) have verb first and subject second.
Dependent clauses have a special word order:
*Subject
*Indirect Object
*Direct Object
*Instrument
*Verb.
Relative clauses follow the same pattern as independent clauses when appended to independent clauses and follow the dependent pattern when appended to a dependent clause.
==Dictionary==
{{Kinship
|PaternalGrandMother=
|PaternalGrandFather=
|MaternalGrandMother=
|MaternalGrandFather=
|PaternalAuntsHusband=
|PaternalAunt=
|PaternalUnclesWife=
|PaternalUncle=
|Father=
|Mother=
|PaternalTwinUnclesWife=
|PaternalTwinUncle=
|PaternalYoungerUnclesWife=
|PaternalYoungerUncle=
|PaternalOlderUnclesWife=
|PaternalOlderUncle=
|PaternalTwinAuntsHusband=
|PaternalTwinAunt=
|PaternalYoungerAuntsHusband=
|PaternalYoungerAunt=
|PaternalOlderAuntsHusband=
|PaternalOlderAunt=
|MaternalTwinUnclesWife=
|MaternalTwinUncle=
|MaternalYoungerUnclesWife=
|MaternalYoungerUncle=
|MaternalOlderUnclesWife=
|MaternalOlderUncle=
|MaternalTwinAuntsHusband=
|MaternalTwinAunt=
|MaternalYoungerAuntsHusband=
|MaternalYoungerAunt=
|MaternalOlderAuntsHusband=
|MaternalOlderAunt=
|PaternalTwinUnclesSon=
|PaternalTwinUnclesDaughter=
|PaternalYoungerUnclesSon=
|PaternalYoungerUnclesDaughter=
|PaternalOlderUnclesSon=
|PaternalOlderUnclesDaughter=
|PaternalTwinAuntsSon=
|PaternalTwinAuntsDaughter=
|PaternalYoungerAuntsSon=
|PaternalYoungerAuntsDaughter=
|PaternalOlderAuntsSon=
|PaternalOlderAuntsDaughter=
|MaternalTwinUnclesSon=
|MaternalTwinUnclesDaughter=
|MaternalYoungerUnclesSon=
|MaternalYoungerUnclesDaughter=
|MaternalOlderUnclesSon=
|MaternalOlderUnclesDaughter=
|MaternalTwinAuntsSon=
|MaternalTwinAuntsDaughter=
|MaternalYoungerAuntsSon=
|MaternalYoungerAuntsDaughter=
|MaternalOlderAuntsSon=
|MaternalOlderAuntsDaughter=
|Sister=
|Self=
|Husband=
|Wife=
|LittleSister=
|TwinSister=
|BigSister=
|BigBrother=
|TwinBrother=
|LittleBrother=
|LittleSistersHusband=
|TwinSistersHusband=
|BigSistersHusband=
|BigBrothersWife=
|TwinBrothersWife=
|LittleBrothersWife=
|MaternalAuntsSon=
|MaternalAuntsDaughter=
|MaternalUnclesSon=
|MaternalUnclesDaughter=
|HusbandSon=
|HusbandDaughter=
|WifeSon=
|WifeDaughter=
|TwinSisterNiece=
|TwinSisterNephew=
|LittleSisterNiece=
|LittleSisterNephew=
|BigSisterNiece=
|BigSisterNephew=
|TwinBrotherNiece=
|TwinBrotherNephew=
|LittleBrotherNiece=
|LittleBrotherNephew=
|BigBrotherNiece=
|BigBrotherNephew=
}}

==Example texts==
Lorem Ipsum.
[[Category:Languages]]
[[Category:Germanic]]
[[Category:Conlangs]]
[[Category:A posteriori]]
[[Category:Evonish]]

Talk:Aoma

2013-08-03T23:45:40Z

OlySlayer: Created page with "Where did you learn to make those scripts!? They are very beautiful! :) --~~~~"

Where did you learn to make those scripts!? They are very beautiful! :) --[[User:OlySlayer|OlySlayer]] ([[User talk:OlySlayer|talk]]) 01:45, 4 August 2013 (CEST)

User talk:Waahlis

2013-07-26T22:47:36Z

OlySlayer: /* A Priori */

User talk:Waahlis

2013-07-26T07:58:24Z

OlySlayer: /* A Priori */

User talk:Waahlis

2013-07-25T23:41:52Z

OlySlayer: /* A Posteriori */

User talk:Waahlis

2013-07-25T23:20:10Z

OlySlayer: /* A Posteriori */ new section

User talk:Fauxlosophe

2013-07-21T01:35:12Z

OlySlayer: /* Your spreadsheet */ new section

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| style="text-align:center;" |<big>A beginning language creator might want to take a look at our [[Help:Introduction|guide]].</big> If you have any questions you are welcome to leave a message at one of the [[Linguifex:Administrators|administrators]] talk pages! Just don't forget to sign your message with four tildes (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>)!
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| style="text-align:center;" |<big><big>From all of us on the wiki: '''The best of luck with your language!'''</big></big>
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |[[File:Admin.png|35px|link=Linguifex:Administrators]] '''[[User:Chrysophylax|Chrysophylax]]''' ([[User:talk:Chrysophylax|talk]]) [[File:Zelos.png|35px|link=Linguifex:Administrators]] '''[[User Talk:EmperorZelos|Emperor Zelos]]''' ([[User talk:EmperorZelos|talk]]) [[File:PMOB.png|35px|link=Linguifex:Administrators]] '''[[User talk:PMOB|Pá mamūnám]] [[User:PMOB|ontā́ bán]]''' ([[User talk:Pá mamūnám ontā́ bán|talk]]) [[File:Waahlis.png|35px|link=Linguifex:Administrators]] '''[[User Talk:Waahlis|Waahlis]]''' ([[User talk:Waahlis|talk]]) 
|}

==Welcome back!==
Ça fait longtemps! Long time no see, Fauxlosophe! Glad to see all your contributions, but would you mind changing the name of Gwengâr Vocabulary to Gwengâr/Vocabulary? Just a matter of principle!

Welcome back!

[[File:Waahlis.png|35px|link=Linguifex:Administrators]] '''[[User talk:Waahlis|Waahlis]]''' 11:55, 1 May 2013 (CEST)

Ouais, trop longtemps. Y était tout un mélodrame avec ED et tout ça, dont j'ai pas voulu perdre mon temps. Ça serait plus calme ici j'espère. Y a combien actif ici? J'aimerais bien parler et être social sans avoir tous ce bagage.

Merci de m'accueillir,

- --[[User:Fauxlosophe|Fauxlosophe]] ([[User talk:Fauxlosophe|talk]]) 18:58, 1 May 2013 (CEST)

Oh, ce qui s'est passé en Wikia? Rostov nous a rendu visite, mais il a été bloqué pour vandalisme... Et ouais, c'est très calme ici! Bien, aujourd'hui nous avons un forum, mais je crois que tu déjà l'as trouvé...!

Chrysophylax et Zelos sont ici avec moi tout la semaine. L'utilisateur le plus actif en ce moment est [[User:Darthme|Darthme]]. Chacun d'entre nous aiment parler.

De rien! [[File:Waahlis.png|35px|link=Linguifex:Administrators]] '''[[User talk:Waahlis|Waahlis]]''' 20:49, 1 May 2013 (CEST)

Ouais, mais pour moi, je suis parti donc il m'a demandé de lui votais comme bureaucrate si PMOB n'a pas lui parler. J'ai pas voulu le voir en contrôle du wikia sans vérification, donc, j'ai disparu. Mes études aussi commence à demander de plus en plus de temps. Mais je serai ici, même si je disparaîtrais parfois.

- --[[User:Fauxlosophe|Fauxlosophe]] ([[User talk:Fauxlosophe|talk]]) 21:19, 1 May 2013 (CEST)

Ah, je comprend, quel dommage. Moi aussi j'ai mes études... Bien, tu es bienvenu ici!
Salutations, [[File:Waahlis.png|35px|link=Linguifex:Administrators]] '''[[User talk:Waahlis|Waahlis]]''' 20:01, 3 May 2013 (CEST)

== Amor ==

Holy shit I love how productive you are! :D Go Fauxy go! [[File:Zelos.png|35px|link=Linguifex:Administrators]] '''[[User Talk:EmperorZelos|Emperor Zelos]]''' 08:09, 5 May 2013 (CEST)

I go through phases of productivity but with my exams just finished, I've had a bunch of ideas buzzing in my head and I'm making up for a lot of lost time.
- --[[User:Fauxlosophe|Fauxlosophe]] ([[User talk:Fauxlosophe|talk]]) 21:50, 5 May 2013 (CEST)

I can understand that =)

I assume you mean "Subjective Object" you mean "Subject" and teh conlang is VOS, oR? [[File:Zelos.png|35px|link=Linguifex:Administrators]] '''[[User Talk:EmperorZelos|Emperor Zelos]]''' 06:02, 6 May 2013 (CEST)

No, unfortunately a lot in the Fén Ghír article is a hold over from before I understood anything about Linguistics (I've run through it a few times but I keep missing this stuff. I may yet try a ground up rewrite if I settle on a format that I prefer). What I meant there was "The Object which renders the sentance Subjective" as in "''He said'' you ran north". Thinking over it now, I can't come up with anything better than "Subjectifying" for it but I believe I may remove the bar as a whole since its content is better covered elsewhere. I think "Clause" might be a better term though I am not certain it is the best possible one.
-[[User:Fauxlosophe|Fauxlosophe]] ([[User talk:Fauxlosophe|talk]]) 06:35, 6 May 2013 (CEST)

"Perspective Object" might be better? [[File:Zelos.png|35px|link=Linguifex:Administrators]] '''[[User Talk:EmperorZelos|Emperor Zelos]]''' 06:39, 6 May 2013 (CEST)

Perspective is perfect. I've already made a couple changes but I'll add that on now I'm considering a term to keep things consistant, I want to remove "case" [which I found a list of an used as a basis for comparing prepositions]. "Object" isn't ideal but is possible. However, Noun/Noun Phrase is a bit closer to what I have in mind and is what I've been using more recently. Any better suggestions? -[[User:Fauxlosophe|Fauxlosophe]] ([[User talk:Fauxlosophe|talk]]) 06:45, 6 May 2013 (CEST)

== Featured language of May 2013:Nominations ==

<wikiforumthread id=26 />

[[File:Waahlis.png|35px|link=Linguifex:Administrators]] '''[[User talk:Waahlis|Waahlis]]''' 13:22, 5 May 2013 (CEST)

== Review ==

Hi Faux, I will take a closer look at your language tomorrow.

Regards,
[[File:Waahlis.png|35px|link=Linguifex:Administrators]] '''[[User talk:Waahlis|Waahlis]]''' 23:21, 8 May 2013 (CEST)

Much appreciated. Giving it a look over now myself, as well as Cwengâr. Neither is polished but I'm hoping you can help me with making it look a little more presentable.

Cheers,
-[[User:Fauxlosophe|Fauxlosophe]] ([[User talk:Fauxlosophe|talk]]) 23:36, 8 May 2013 (CEST)

I'll get right to it:
===Aesthetics and layout===
*Have you considered the "bluetable lightbluebg" class for your tables?
*A small text above all tables make it look a bit more inviting.
* Maybe put the phrasebook in a table? Then it takes less space, and is more easily read.
===Wording and orthography===
*Try to have as a rule to either bolden or use oblique on words in your conlang. That way they are more easily visible.
*The phonotactics section require needs to be clarified and reworded. Have you considered to bolden the '''C'''s and '''V'''s?
**"In larger words, the consonant of the root word will be; C-V-C." - I fail to understand this sentence, I fear!
*In the Quantifying determiners section, it'd be better if you stated that they should be followed by the noun, rather than showing it in the table.
*Do not capitalise grammatical terms. If you want them emphasised, please use bold or oblique fonts.
*Typo: Lenition, not lentition.
*Please do not abbreviate to "Misc".
*The headers should only have the initial capitalised.
===Grammar, phonology and terminology===
*In the grammar section, I would prefer a table of pronouns labelled similarly to [[Biscayan]], but you have so few that you do not need to split them into singular and plural.
*I recommend you to use the following terms in your Determiners section:
**Current - Proximal
**Contrasting - Distal
**New - Alternative
**Inquisitive - Interrogative
*Examples are always welcome!
*Try to put all phonemes in slashes or brackets!
*I enjoy your syntax sections on phrases/clauses as well as those on prepositions! More on those and I'd die happily!
*I always like to see more on the phonology. Is there allophony? Sandhi? Dissimilation? If not, I would like it stated as such.

[[File:Waahlis.png|35px|link=Linguifex:Administrators]] '''[[User talk:Waahlis|Waahlis]]''' 22:53, 9 May 2013 (CEST)

Thanks for taking the time to review stuff.

*I have no idea how to code, even simple wiki stuff. I mostly hit things with rocks until they look like they are listening. Blue tables&Overhead text are much nicer! Thanks for telling me how/pointing me towards Biscayan where I can loot what I need.
*Most errors should be fixed, save the obliquing Fén words which I intend to take care of.
*I'm not sure what is meant by "Try to put all phonemes in slashes or brackets!". I've marked syllables in glosses [as best I can for how I read them, though I'm a bit iffy with some]. Examples will be added where possible. If I can think of more to say on the other elements, I will. Certainly, there are ways in which they act differently from their english equivalents, but I have trouble summoning that to mind when writing and I suspect I apply these differences inconsistantly, so I would benefit from writing them down here with examples. Other possible points I could expand on would be greatly appreciated.
*Sandhi, Allophones & etc. were avoided due to my lack of experience and comfort with them. For the sake of making it pronounable for myself, I'd simplified the pronunciation significantly while trying to keep it highly regular, and the phonetics section has been updated to reflect this. Hopefully the explaination offered for this is plausible.

Thank you very much for taking the time to go over all of this,
-[[User:Fauxlosophe|Fauxlosophe]] ([[User talk:Fauxlosophe|talk]]) 06:56, 10 May 2013 (CEST)

*I happen to like tables quite a lot, so if you want to, I could make them a bit more intelligible?
*In the phonology section, I would recommend you to use slashes, //, to indicate sounds. In the alphabet section, it is not obvious which symbols are letters and which ones that are sounds. For example:

"[...]it may be seen that fronted vowels vowels are "lengthened" before sonorants; /ɪ/ becomes /i/, /ɛ/ becomes /e:/. "

Speaking of which, this is a kind of irregularity, that vowels change their quality when they ecome longer. You would otherwise expect /ɛ/ to become /ɛ:/.

*In the phonotactics section, I would love to have the L, C and V explained. As a reader, I do not know what they symbolise in thi specific case. And try to bold or oblique all words or affixes written in Fén!
*Also, please change your spelling of "sentance" into "sentence"! I normally do not care about those things, but since you use the word quite often...!

Regards, [[File:Waahlis.png|35px|link=Linguifex:Administrators]] '''[[User talk:Waahlis|Waahlis]]''' 11:55, 10 May 2013 (CEST)

==Examples==
[[Umbrean/Examples]]

Whatcha think? [[File:Zelos.png|35px|link=Linguifex:Administrators]] '''[[User Talk:EmperorZelos|Emperor Zelos]]''' 09:23, 10 May 2013 (CEST)

I'd recommend changing up format from line to line, so the Umbrean and English quotes are both italicised and in quotes and the phonetic is in slashes. For my personal taste, the conjugation of "see" seems a little too complex which makes me worry how forbidding the table could get longer verbs. Could verbs be broken into smaller morphemes by slashes or some other form than just a hyphen with all of the meanings written out? Even if some of the morphemes are compounded, it would be handy to divide it up a little. Even just isolating the [potentially modified] root from additional prefixes would be handy since it gives a bit more of an idea of what each modification is doing and makes it seem a little less forbidding.

-[[User:Fauxlosophe|Fauxlosophe]] ([[User talk:Fauxlosophe|talk]]) 15:59, 10 May 2013 (CEST)

uh, I think you are using "forbidding" in an errorous context o_o Cause I have no clue what you mean, I think you mean "intimidating"

But elaborate what you mean with the style and elaborate the rest, I did not understand it [[File:Zelos.png|35px|link=Linguifex:Administrators]] '''[[User Talk:EmperorZelos|Emperor Zelos]]''' 18:50, 10 May 2013 (CEST)

Intimidating would be better, though "uninviting" is probably closer to what I was going for.

I'll give an example here to give you a sense of what I mean. I'm going to skim Umbrean to make my best attempt at this but admittedly, I may misunderstand the grammar here;

"''Tšees fššedylw uuvvidjljaall''"

/{{Um-IPA|Tšees fššedylw uuvvidjljaall}}/

Tšees fššed-y-lw uu>vvidj<lj-aall

{{sc|1s.erg}} wolf-{{sc|acc.sjv}} <{{sc|sjv}}>see-{{sc|sjv.aff.ind.3.liv.prs.incep}}

"''I probably will see the wolf soon''"
-[[User:Fauxlosophe|Fauxlosophe]] ([[User talk:Fauxlosophe|talk]]) 19:12, 10 May 2013 (CEST)

Aahhh I see, Alright :D Thanks thats a great suggestion

though, why would it be uninviting? XD
[[File:Zelos.png|35px|link=Linguifex:Administrators]] '''[[User Talk:EmperorZelos|Emperor Zelos]]''' 19:14, 10 May 2013 (CEST)

It looks better much now! I wrote the first reply in a bit of a rush, but you did most of the stuff I was trying to recommend [ironically I'm much more careful to have good grammar in my French replies, my mistakes in English are native ones]. I remember reading it as "see-sjv-aff.ind.3.liv.prs.incep" which just boggled me especially since I didn't notice the root in the center and thought that it was drawing on having a static consonants in the center while moving around vowels to indicate most tenses/cases while adding suffixes and prefixes for those that don't. The current version is a lot clearer, though it still looks a little complex for a natlang [Though I have a bias towards Western European languages and what you have seems somewhat comparable with Finnish], if you'd like though I can look over it in more detail before saying anything further as right now I'm just giving first impressions.

One more thing I'd do is separate the aa from the ll in "uuvvidjljaall" if that is at all possible since from what I can tell on your tables, they serve slightly different grammatical functions.

-[[User:Fauxlosophe|Fauxlosophe]] ([[User talk:Fauxlosophe|talk]]) 19:25, 10 May 2013 (CEST)

Feel free to take a look. Yes it is quite complex but thats intentional. Long lived bastards speaks it :) I do plan on adding more nuances to subtle changes.

Oh yeah its not because the aa is a vowel that depends on the tempus (tense aspect choice) which goes with the -ll, there is no reasonable way to pull them apart as I have made it. [[File:Zelos.png|35px|link=Linguifex:Administrators]] '''[[User Talk:EmperorZelos|Emperor Zelos]]''' 19:34, 10 May 2013 (CEST)

== Productivity ==

I have decided to award you with the following medal to applaud your productivity! Put it on your user page and wear it with pride!

<nowiki>{{Medal/productive}}</nowiki>

Sincerely, [[File:Waahlis.png|35px|link=Linguifex:Administrators]] '''[[User talk:Waahlis|Waahlis]]''' 11:25, 10 May 2013 (CEST)

Thank you! It's been put up already. As I said with Zelos, I don't think I can keep this up as a permenant case, however, I will try to keep my contribution relatively consistant over time and there will definitely be periods of productivity [especially if I disappeared for a little]. Speaking of though, I will put up the changes for Fén later today [or maybe tomorrow if I am busy]; sentances weren't done previously due to lack of time but I figure I can finish most of what is left tonight [aside from tables and examples which will be a process].

-[[User:Fauxlosophe|Fauxlosophe]] ([[User talk:Fauxlosophe|talk]]) 15:59, 10 May 2013 (CEST)

Please, this isn't the Nobel Peace Prize Committee, we don't give awards proactively! It's for the fact that you have been productive! We are all just glad we have users around! [[File:Waahlis.png|35px|link=Linguifex:Administrators]] '''[[User talk:Waahlis|Waahlis]]''' 17:02, 10 May 2013 (CEST)

It's a good wiki and I appreciate the quality control of language pages so I'm glad to help out where I can. It's a bit of a shame that there aren't more users though. Would it be possible to make the code more user friendly like Wikia? I've chatted with a conlanger on wikia who said that the difficulty of tables and codes are the primary reason that he hasn't switched to this side of the fork, which is understandable as I had the same hesistation initially. Otherwise, I think the IRC or just little translation challenges/activites that people can work on together as a group will bring people out of talk pages and into a more visible community. Actually, if there's wouldn't be a problem with it, I could create the IRC channel on a sandbox page just to give an idea of what I can do/what I mean here. I don't have much of a clue for coding and my experience here comes from trial and error on another wiki so aesthetics are a bit lacking but you or others would be free to improve on it.

-[[User:Fauxlosophe|Fauxlosophe]] ([[User talk:Fauxlosophe|talk]]) 18:39, 10 May 2013 (CEST)

== The question ==

[[:File:FénGhír.png]] - To be deleted or not to be deleted, that is the question? [[File:Waahlis.png|35px|link=Linguifex:Administrators]] '''[[User talk:Waahlis|Waahlis]]''' 11:01, 11 May 2013 (CEST)

I think I'd prefer deletion since as I said I'm not sure of my legal right over the first and both are of questionable usefulness, my only worry is over working you guys cleaning up my irrelevant pages.

ps. Speaking of deleting pages; if I made templates for translations featured on the site similar to the front page [but customized individually for cases where examples are not given their own page] would that be useful or just needless clutter?

-[[User:Fauxlosophe|Fauxlosophe]] ([[User talk:Fauxlosophe|talk]]) 14:36, 11 May 2013 (CEST)

Ooh, no worries, it's what I do!

Hmm, I suspect you want to translate for example your article on Fén Ghír into Fén Ghír? Well, honestly, we do not want to see a bunch if individual templates for each page. I will talk to Zelos to see if he has a solution. [[File:Waahlis.png|35px|link=Linguifex:Administrators]] '''[[User talk:Waahlis|Waahlis]]''' 14:46, 11 May 2013 (CEST)

Actually, I was thinking about adding it to say, "The Lord's Prayer" to have a link to "Cha#The_Lord.27s_Prayer", Fén, Cwengâr, Alska and any other version I could find floating around [including possibly transcribing/copying PMOB's version from the video]. If we add these templates as companions to translation examples, I don't think the number would get too overwhelming.

-[[User:Fauxlosophe|Fauxlosophe]] ([[User talk:Fauxlosophe|talk]]) 14:57, 11 May 2013 (CEST)

Basically the same then! It doesn't remove the problem. I have an idea, but it must be realised by someone adept in coding. I'll speak to Zelos. [[File:Waahlis.png|35px|link=Linguifex:Administrators]] '''[[User talk:Waahlis|Waahlis]]''' 16:12, 11 May 2013 (CEST)

== Translation of Cwengâr into Dhannuá ==

[[Dhannuá/Sandhórdhór/Rís_Úairosúe|The Tale of Rís Úairosúe]] or well, at least as far as I got before succumbing to sleep. Since I can't call this fully ''canon'' Dhannuá based on my lack of sleep, I'm putting it in the ''some dialect'' folder… for now.

--[[File:Admin.png|35px|link=Linguifex:Administrators]] '''[[User talk:Chrysophylax|Chrysophylax]]''' 09:35, 20 May 2013 (CEST)

== Interlinear ==

May I suggest adding interlinear to [[Literature:Cwengâr/Verse‎]]? [[File:Zelos.png|35px|link=Linguifex:Administrators]] '''[[User Talk:EmperorZelos|Emperor Zelos]]''' 06:33, 22 May 2013 (CEST)

It's a little rough, but I have one up now. --[[User:Fauxlosophe|Fauxlosophe]] ([[User talk:Fauxlosophe|talk]]) 19:19, 22 May 2013 (CEST)

== Featured language of May 2013: Voting ==

<wikiforumthread id=27/>

[[File:Waahlis.png|35px|link=Linguifex:Administrators]] '''[[User talk:Waahlis|Waahlis]]''' 20:10, 22 May 2013 (CEST)

== Semantics ==

[[Semantics:Indefinite]]

Whatcha think for a starter? [[File:Zelos.png|35px|link=Linguifex:Administrators]] '''[[User Talk:EmperorZelos|Emperor Zelos]]''' 17:21, 24 May 2013 (CEST)

I'd consider two points; Maybe expand the range of the article to include definite as well, since there are strong parallels and a conlang could hypothetically work with some inbetween or by blending some of the distinction between definite and indefinite for more obscure cases if they attach context or a grammatic rule. Which, although it would be more research, it might be worth our time to create a chart of languages to show how these distinctions can be blended and which are often left distinct.

Possibly if there are notable examples of indefinite or definite articles also being used for different things in some of these example languages, then we might also include a link to that detangling in the footnotes.

The latter is pretty ambitious but could be considered a long term goal and something we encourage people to leave in the footnotes.

-[[User:Fauxlosophe|Fauxlosophe]] ([[User talk:Fauxlosophe|talk]]) 19:01, 24 May 2013 (CEST)

I agree we should include more, I just got the indefinate first cause its fresh in my mind. There is a differens between indefinate in this case and indefinate articles XD

Indefinate article simply means "not definate"/"not known to the speaker" while indefinate in the article means "An unspecific entity"

But I agree it needs to be expanded. [[File:Zelos.png|35px|link=Linguifex:Administrators]] '''[[User Talk:EmperorZelos|Emperor Zelos]]''' 19:13, 24 May 2013 (CEST)

I see, do we need to focus on that though? I'm thinking we'll want to hone in on pretty fundamental aspects of language; cases/adpositions, articles, auxiliary verbs (though that would be more origins/meanings of auxiliary verbs in other languages) which it is easy to fall back on English or another European language for. Other things are important but could be covered by suggesting people check out wiktionary when translating and consider carefully how many of the subdefinitions they want to include with their words.

-[[User:Fauxlosophe|Fauxlosophe]] ([[User talk:Fauxlosophe|talk]]) 19:35, 24 May 2013 (CEST)

I think we can include everything as time progresses, the more we help the better :) But thats for time [[File:Zelos.png|35px|link=Linguifex:Administrators]] '''[[User Talk:EmperorZelos|Emperor Zelos]]''' 03:08, 25 May 2013 (CEST)

==Congratulations!==
Congratulations! You language [[Fén Ghír]] was voted featured! A truly wonderful language!

Please put the <nowiki>{{Template:Medal/featured|language=Fén Ghír}}</nowiki> on your user page to show of your achievement!

Sincerely, [[File:Waahlis.png|35px|link=Linguifex:Administrators]] '''[[User talk:Waahlis|Waahlis]]''' 09:03, 30 May 2013 (CEST)

Thanks! I'm a bit disappointed I didn't run up against some of the admins, Attian really should have been nominated at least. So I feel a little wierd about how it landslided towards me, I expected I'd get it maybe on the third or fourth go after I had done some more work on it.

Eitherway, the badge up now and I am pretty happy about it.

-Cheers, [[User:Fauxlosophe|Fauxlosophe]] ([[User talk:Fauxlosophe|talk]]) 17:45, 30 May 2013 (CEST)

No, reason to thank me, after all I abstained from voting! And don't say that, I really need to brush that language off when the summer comes. Well, to be honest, your language was by far the most documented one, and the voting participation wasn't what we expected. For a first-timer, I Think it turned out pretty well, though!

Congrats, again! [[File:Waahlis.png|35px|link=Linguifex:Administrators]] '''[[User talk:Waahlis|Waahlis]]''' 20:27, 30 May 2013 (CEST)

I meant thank you for the message of congraduations! I'm still sort of surprised how well I did all the same. I am curious though; you said you wanted to vote for both Fén Ghír and another one but you didn't say whether the other was Aarlaansk or Kihā́mmic. I feel like PMoB's absense would make his victory sort of a hollow one but it's definitely a strong and well thought out language while Aarlansk is interesting and would have had my vote it if wouldn't have been a vote against myself.

I think the deadline and announcement helped bring people out, maybe next time we should keep up the banner during the whole election period [barring more important announcements]. Otherwise, it wasn't bad for a first go. It might have helped if admins chipped two and maybe if we could vote for multiple languages? To avoid people abstaining due to an inability to pick one?

Oh, and a side note, you notice the Fén main page update? It's a bit of a cheap joke but humour seemed the best way to avoid getting too self referential.

-Cheers, [[User:Fauxlosophe|Fauxlosophe]] ([[User talk:Fauxlosophe|talk]]) 23:16, 30 May 2013 (CEST)

Good! I didn't? Oh, well, I meant for it to say Aarlaansk. Well, yes, but we couldn't take Kihā́mmic of the list because of his absence, the procedure is possible without the author. I for one was sure you'd win.

Well, voting on more than one language probably isn't the best solution. We shall be more involved next time though, and get it started earlier!

Oh, yeah, you mean featuring English? Yes, I noticed, I liked it a lot! Normally we want the translated main pages to be mirror pages, but since yours is featured, we'll make an exception. On another note, would you like to write a small description of the language to put on the main page, including the translation banner? Leave it at my wall and I'll add it there! [[File:Waahlis.png|35px|link=Linguifex:Administrators]] '''[[User talk:Waahlis|Waahlis]]''' 08:14, 31 May 2013 (CEST)

Hey, Faux, I've seen your language has won :) Congratulation even from me! It's a great "Celtic" idea!!! XD :) [[File:Llyn.png|35px|link=User:Llyn]] '''[[User talk:Llyn|Llyn]]''' 14:50, 17 June 2013 (CET)

Hey, Llyn, thanks for the message. I had a great time making it and messing around with things, so it's nice to see all that goofing off rewarded. Sorry for the delayed response! I finally get featured and I'm not around to enjoy it, but I do check here [I saw this a week ago but I wasn't able to reply due to busyness followed by a vacation with friends, but if any of you guys want to leave a message here, I'll see it within 48 hours [and make an effort to acknowledge it in the future]. It's kind of been a busy month so I'm feeling the drain both in terms of creativity and time but once things clear up, I'll be back. Once I am, I'll give another peak and Aarlaansk & Brytho-Hellenic.

-Thanks again, [[User:Fauxlosophe|Fauxlosophe]] ([[User talk:Fauxlosophe|talk]]) 04:17, 2 July 2013 (CEST)

== Your spreadsheet ==

Were you the one who used Google Drive to store your spreadsheet and Chrys was the one who used dropbox? Or do I have that the other way around? If so, do you prefer editing directly on the Drive, or do you edit it on your computer and then upload the new version to the Drive? Also could you send me the link to it, I'd like to see how it's organized! :) --[[User:OlySlayer|OlySlayer]] ([[User talk:OlySlayer|talk]]) 03:35, 21 July 2013 (CEST)

Evonish

2013-07-03T20:04:07Z

OlySlayer: /* Verb */ TBC

Evonish

2013-07-03T18:47:14Z

OlySlayer: Some undoing and more editing

'''Evonish''' is a [[w:Germanic languages|Germanic language]] of the Evonen language branch. It is based on [[w:General American pronunciation|General American phonology]] and uses grammar that descends far from Common Germanic, but in its own branch. The wordstock has many influences of [[w:Celtic languages|Celtic languages]], [[w:Slavic languages|Slavic languages]], and has [[a priori]] features. The elder form is the runic Old Evonish, which was less standardized but had featured greater [[w:morphology|morphology]]. The two languages split on 25 May 2012 and will differentiate more over time. The objectives of Evonish are:
*to reinstitute old features of Germanic
*to preserve Celtic vocabulary
*to eliminate any and all need for interpretation by context
*to create a left-hand friendly writing system
''Tables are horizontally flipped intentionally.''

{{ClassMeter
|Name = Evonish
|NativeName =
|Type = Fusional
|Alignment = Nominative-Accusative

|adjective = final
|adposition = final
|adverb = final
|article = final
|relativeclause = mixed
|nounclause = final
|order = SVO

|Tonal = No
|Declined = Yes
|Conjugated = Yes
|Genders = Common, Neuter
|NCase = yes
|NNumber = yes
|NDefiniteness = no
|NGender = yes
|VVoice = no
|VMood = yes
|VPerson = yes
|VNumber = yes
|VTense = yes
|VAspect = no

|Phonology=
|NounCases=
|NounDef=
|NounNumbers=
|NounGender=
|VerbPerson=
|VerbNumber=
|VerbAspect=
|VerbTense=
|VerbMood=
|VerbVoice=
|AdjCase= 0
|AdjNumber= 0
|AdjDef= 100
|AdjGen= 0
|AdjComparative= 100
|AdjSuperlative= 100
|Supine=
|Gerund=
|Participle= 100
|Infinitive= 100
|Modality=
|Words=}}
==Phonology==
Aspiration is in free variation; it does not determine another phoneme. Palatalization has created related pairs of words with c, k, and x and is responsible for creating the /ʃ/ phoneme from /sk/. N is pronounced /ŋ/ before k while ng simplifies to /ŋ/. Æ-Tensing is a process by which the vowel /æ/ found in Evonish is raised and lengthened to produce /æ̝ˑ/ before a nasal consonant, yet this is merely an allophone and may be ignored.
===Consonants===
Parenthesis indicate allophones.
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg"
! scope="col" style="width: 66px; text-align: center; "|Bilabial
! scope="col" style="width: 66px; text-align: center; "|Labio-dental
! scope="col" style="width: 66px; text-align: center; "|Dental
! scope="col" style="width: 66px; text-align: center; "|Alveolar
! scope="col" style="width: 66px; text-align: center; "|Post-alveolar
! scope="col" style="width: 66px; text-align: center; "|Palatal
! scope="col" style="width: 66px; text-align: center; "|Labio-velar
! scope="col" style="width: 66px; text-align: center; "|Velar
! scope="col" style="width: 66px; text-align: center; "|Glottal
! scope="col" style="width: 66px; "|
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|/m/
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|/n/
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|(ŋ)
| style="text-align: center;"|
! style="text-align: center; "|Nasal
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|/p/ /b/
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|/t/ /d/
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|/k/ /g/
| style="text-align: center;"|/ʔ/
! style="text-align: center; "|Plosive
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|/f/ /v/
| style="text-align: center;"|/θ/ /ð/
| style="text-align: center;"|/s/ /z/
| style="text-align: center;"|/ʃ/ /ʒ/
| style="text-align: center;"|/ç/
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|/x/
| style="text-align: center;"|/h/
! style="text-align: center; "|Fricative
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;" colspan="3"|/ɹ/
| style="text-align: center;"|/j/
| style="text-align: center;"|/ʍ/ /w/
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
! style="text-align: center; "|Approximant
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;" colspan="3"|/ɾ/
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
! style="text-align: center; "|Flap/Tap
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|/l/
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
! style="text-align: center; "|Lateral
|}

===Vowels===
Parenthesis indicate allophones. The following table includes the rhotic vowels as well.
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg"
! scope="col" style="width: 90px; text-align: center; "|Front
! scope="col" style="width: 90px; text-align: center; "|Near-front
! scope="col" style="width: 90px; text-align: center; "|Central
! scope="col" style="width: 90px; text-align: center; "|Near-back
! scope="col" style="width: 90px; text-align: center; "|Back
! scope="col" style="width: 90px; "|
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|/i/
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|/u/
! style="text-align: center; "|Close
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|/ɪ/
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|/ʊ/
| style="text-align: center;"|
! style="text-align: center; "|Near-close
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|/e/, /e˞ː/
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|/o/
! style="text-align: center; "|Close-mid
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|/ə/
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
! style="text-align: center; "|Mid
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|/ɛ/, /ɛ˞ː/
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|/ɝː/
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|/ʌ/ '''·''' /ɔ/, /ɔ˞ː/
! style="text-align: center; "|Open-mid
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|/æ/ (æ̝ˑ)
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
! style="text-align: center; "|Near-open
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|/ɑ/, /ɑ˞/
! style="text-align: center; "|Open
|}

==Writing==
'''The writing system is from right to left.'''
===Alphabet===
The twenty-eight letter Evonish alphabet is a modified Latin alphabet that contains the following characters.
*a, p b, c, j, t, d, þ, ð, e, f, v, k, g, h, i, y, l, m, n, o, r, s, z, u, ƕ, w, x.
The [[IPA for Evonish]] is sorely out of date, and is subject to change soon.
===Diacritics===
Certain letters with the diaeresis will be used to express umlaut. The umlauts can be rewritten as the standard vowel with an e after. These can be entered with an international keyboard, or copied.
===Digraphs===
These represent further vowels otherwise impossible to write.
aa - /a/, ee - /e/, ii - /i/, oo - /o/, uu - /u/, yy - /ai/

==Pronouns==
Personal pronouns feature a combination of the Germanic, h-stem, i-stem, and s-stem in third person. The sole relative pronoun is [TBD].
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 500px; "
! scope="row"|Person
! scope="col"|Number
! scope="col"|Nominative
! scope="col"|Accusative
! scope="col"|Genitive
! scope="col"|Dative
|-
! rowspan="2" scope="row"|First
!Singular
|
|
|
|
|-
!Plural
|
|
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2"|Second
!Singular
|
|
|
|
|-
!Plural
|
|
|
|
|-
! rowspan="3"|Third
!Common
|
|
|
|
|-
!Neuter
|
|
|
|
|-
!Plural
|
|
|
|
|-
!Indefinite
!Reflexive
|
|
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2"|Interrogative
!Common
|
|
|
|
|-
!Neuter
|
|
|
|
|}

==Determiners==
The negative article is understood as indefinite; there is no negative definite article so the verb of the sentence is negated instead.

{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 500px; "
! rowspan="2" colspan="2"|Determiners
! colspan="3"|Article
! colspan="2"|Demonstrative
|-
!Definite
!Indefinite
!Negative
!Proximal
!Distal
|-
! rowspan="2"|Singular
!Common
| style="text-align: center; "|
| style="text-align: center; "|
| style="text-align: center; "|
| style="text-align: center; "|
| style="text-align: center; "|
|-
!Neuter
| style="text-align: center; "|
| style="text-align: center; "|
| style="text-align: center; "|
| style="text-align: center; "|
| style="text-align: center; "|
|-
! rowspan="2"|Plural
!Common
| style="text-align: center; "|
| style="text-align: center; "|
| style="text-align: center; "|
| style="text-align: center; "|
| style="text-align: center; "|
|-
!Neuter
| style="text-align: center; "|
| style="text-align: center; "|
| style="text-align: center; "|
| style="text-align: center; "|
| style="text-align: center; "|
|-
|}
==Table of Correlatives==
Lorem Ipsum.
==Quantifiers==
Lorem Ipsum.
==Morphology==
===Adjective===
Certain adjectives decline only in an attributive position; they do not in a predicative position. Cf. [[w:German language|German]] ''die schwarze Magd'' vs ''die Magd ist schwarz''. Some adjectives undergo umlaut, such as old, ölder, and öldest. Furthermore, there are many common affixes which form adjectives, whose list will be available in time.
* Comparative: -err
* Superlative: -est
===Noun===
Old Evonish contained two more cases and three genders. Their declension depends upon case, gender, and number. Gender is a special factor in Evonish; a word does not determine a gender, rather a selected gender determines a different word. For example, a stone in common gender may be an igneous rock while a stone in neuter may be a sedimentary rock. The plural genitive ending is used in compound words much like kennings.

{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 500px; "
! colspan="2"|Class I
!Nominative
!Accusative
!Genitive
!Dative
|-
! rowspan="2"|Singular
!Common
|
|
|
|
|-
!Neuter
|
|
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2"|Plural
!Common
|
|
|
|
|-
!Neuter
|
|
|
|
|-
! colspan="2"|Class I
!Nominative
!Accusative
!Genitive
!Dative
|-
! rowspan="2"|Singular
!Common
|
|
|
|
|-
!Neuter
|
|
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2"|Plural
!Common
|
|
|
|
|-
!Neuter
|
|
|
|
|-
|}
===Umlaut===
Umlaut is a process that occured after Proto-Germanic. It has led to the vowel change of many words and often creates pairs of semantically and grammatically similar words.
Occurrences:
*Certain plurals of strong nouns
*Genitive and dative singular of some nouns
*Second and third person singular indicative of some verbs
*Comparatives and superlatives
*Derivative verbs (of nouns)
*Causative verbs
*Abstract nouns with the -þ suffix
*Nouns with the -enn feminine suffix
===Verb===
Verbs or verb forms in quotes are either an English equivalent or a work in progress. The infinitives of the frequentative aspects are -eln and -ern. The infinitive form in Evonish is the lemma form of the verb, meaning it is the one used in dictionaries. The primary aspects are simple, perfect, progressive, habitual, and frequentative. Simple aspect is used for:
*Stative verbs
*Gnomic aspect
*Near future
Further aspects are formed by nonstandard ways or purely by context.
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 500px"
|-
! Aspects
! Auxiliary/Suffix
! Main Verb
|-
! Simple
| -en
| conjugation
|-
! Perfect
| "to have"
| past participle
|-
! Progressive
| "to be"
| present participle
|-
! Habitual
| "to do"
| infinitive
|-
! Frequentative
| -eln, -ern
| conjugation
|-
! Inchoative
| "to begin"
| supine
|}
Future is generally expressed by giving a time, or is implied in context with the simple present tense. There are auxiliary verbs that are standard as well. First Person: "I shall", "we shall". Second Person: "thou wilt", "ye will". Third Person: "he goes", "we go". The particle [TBD] after the main verb negates the verb. The following table shows the conjugation of the verb fällen, a weak 1 class verb. The auxiliary verbs in the table are the verbs used with the participles to form two different aspects.
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width: 500px; "
!Weak
!Class 1
!To fell
!
|-
! rowspan="2" |Nonfinite
!Infinitive
!Gerund
!Supine
|-
|fällen
|fälling
|tofäll
|-
! colspan="4" |Adjectival
|-
!Participle
!Auxiliary
!Positive
!Negative
|-
!Active
!"to be"
|fällend
|nefällend
|-
!Passive
!"to have"
|gefälled
|unfälled
|-
!Mood
!Tense
!Singular
!Plural
|-
! rowspan="9" |Indicative
! rowpan="3" | Future
|"I shall"
|"We shall"
|-
|"Thou wilt"
|"Ye will"
|-
|"He goes"
|"They go"
|-
! rowspan="3" |Present
|fälle
|[TBD]
|-
|fällest
|[TBD]
|-
|fälleþ
|[TBD]
|-
! rowspan="3" |Past
|fälled
|[TBD]
|-
|[TBD]
|[TBD]
|-
|[TBD]
|[TBD]
|-
! rowspan="2" |Subjunctive
!Nonpast
|fälle
|fällen
|-
!Past
|fällde
|fällden
|-
!Imperative
!Present
|fäll!
|fälleþ!
|-
|}

==Syntax==
===Comparisons===
Comparative forms use the particle "ðann" followed by the noun(s) being compared to. Depending on that noun's case will determine which noun is first making the comparison. These can imply drastically different meanings, for example:
*"He ate pie quicker than '''I'''" would yield "than I ate pie" (in this example the compared noun is in the nominative).
*"He ate pie quicker than '''me'''" would yield "than he ate me" (in this example the compared noun is in the accusative).

===Word Order===
The standard word order is V2; when a phrase, clause, adverb, or adjective precedes the subject for emphasis, the second argument is always the verb. This can be demonstrated in the somewhat archaic or fanciful use "''From the ground'' '''grew''' the tree." Word order is flexible due to conjugations however the primary form for independent clauses is Subject-Verb-Object. Questions without interrogative pronouns(yes or no) have verb first and subject second.
Dependent clauses have a special word order:
*Subject
*Indirect Object
*Direct Object
*Instrument
*Verb.
Relative clauses follow the same pattern as independent clauses when appended to independent clauses and follow the dependent pattern when appended to a dependent clause.
==Dictionary==
{{Kinship
|PaternalGrandMother=
|PaternalGrandFather=
|MaternalGrandMother=
|MaternalGrandFather=
|PaternalAuntsHusband=
|PaternalAunt=
|PaternalUnclesWife=
|PaternalUncle=
|Father=
|Mother=
|PaternalTwinUnclesWife=
|PaternalTwinUncle=
|PaternalYoungerUnclesWife=
|PaternalYoungerUncle=
|PaternalOlderUnclesWife=
|PaternalOlderUncle=
|PaternalTwinAuntsHusband=
|PaternalTwinAunt=
|PaternalYoungerAuntsHusband=
|PaternalYoungerAunt=
|PaternalOlderAuntsHusband=
|PaternalOlderAunt=
|MaternalTwinUnclesWife=
|MaternalTwinUncle=
|MaternalYoungerUnclesWife=
|MaternalYoungerUncle=
|MaternalOlderUnclesWife=
|MaternalOlderUncle=
|MaternalTwinAuntsHusband=
|MaternalTwinAunt=
|MaternalYoungerAuntsHusband=
|MaternalYoungerAunt=
|MaternalOlderAuntsHusband=
|MaternalOlderAunt=
|PaternalTwinUnclesSon=
|PaternalTwinUnclesDaughter=
|PaternalYoungerUnclesSon=
|PaternalYoungerUnclesDaughter=
|PaternalOlderUnclesSon=
|PaternalOlderUnclesDaughter=
|PaternalTwinAuntsSon=
|PaternalTwinAuntsDaughter=
|PaternalYoungerAuntsSon=
|PaternalYoungerAuntsDaughter=
|PaternalOlderAuntsSon=
|PaternalOlderAuntsDaughter=
|MaternalTwinUnclesSon=
|MaternalTwinUnclesDaughter=
|MaternalYoungerUnclesSon=
|MaternalYoungerUnclesDaughter=
|MaternalOlderUnclesSon=
|MaternalOlderUnclesDaughter=
|MaternalTwinAuntsSon=
|MaternalTwinAuntsDaughter=
|MaternalYoungerAuntsSon=
|MaternalYoungerAuntsDaughter=
|MaternalOlderAuntsSon=
|MaternalOlderAuntsDaughter=
|Sister=
|Self=
|Husband=
|Wife=
|LittleSister=
|TwinSister=
|BigSister=
|BigBrother=
|TwinBrother=
|LittleBrother=
|LittleSistersHusband=
|TwinSistersHusband=
|BigSistersHusband=
|BigBrothersWife=
|TwinBrothersWife=
|LittleBrothersWife=
|MaternalAuntsSon=
|MaternalAuntsDaughter=
|MaternalUnclesSon=
|MaternalUnclesDaughter=
|HusbandSon=
|HusbandDaughter=
|WifeSon=
|WifeDaughter=
|TwinSisterNiece=
|TwinSisterNephew=
|LittleSisterNiece=
|LittleSisterNephew=
|BigSisterNiece=
|BigSisterNephew=
|TwinBrotherNiece=
|TwinBrotherNephew=
|LittleBrotherNiece=
|LittleBrotherNephew=
|BigBrotherNiece=
|BigBrotherNephew=
}}

==Example texts==
Lorem Ipsum.
[[Category:Languages]]
[[Category:Germanic]]
[[Category:Conlangs]]
[[Category:A posteriori]]
[[Category:Evonish]]

User talk:OlySlayer

2013-07-03T03:00:10Z

OlySlayer: /* DA */

User talk:OlySlayer

2013-07-02T17:26:39Z

OlySlayer: /* DA */

User talk:OlySlayer

2013-07-02T17:16:59Z

OlySlayer: /* DA */

Evonish

2013-07-02T07:30:00Z

OlySlayer: /* Verb */ WIP table

'''Evonish''' is a [[w:Germanic languages|Germanic language]] of the Evonen language branch. It is based on [[w:General American pronunciation|General American phonology]] and uses grammar that descends far from Common Germanic, but in its own branch. The wordstock has many influences of [[w:Celtic languages|Celtic languages]], [[w:Slavic languages|Slavic languages]], and has [[a priori]] features. The elder form is the runic Old Evonish, which was less standardized but had featured greater [[w:morphology|morphology]]. The two languages split on 25 May 2012 and will differentiate more over time. The objectives of Evonish are:
*to reinstitute old features of Germanic
*to preserve Celtic vocabulary
*to eliminate any and all need for interpretation by context
*to create a left-hand friendly writing system
''Tables are horizontally flipped intentionally.''

{{ClassMeter
|Name = Evonish
|NativeName =
|Type = Fusional
|Alignment = Nominative-Accusative

|adjective = final
|adposition = final
|adverb = final
|article = final
|relativeclause = mixed
|nounclause = final
|order = SVO

|Tonal = No
|Declined = Yes
|Conjugated = Yes
|Genders = Common, Neuter
|NCase = yes
|NNumber = yes
|NDefiniteness = no
|NGender = yes
|VVoice = no
|VMood = yes
|VPerson = yes
|VNumber = yes
|VTense = yes
|VAspect = no

|Phonology=
|NounCases=
|NounDef=
|NounNumbers=
|NounGender=
|VerbPerson=
|VerbNumber=
|VerbAspect=
|VerbTense=
|VerbMood=
|VerbVoice=
|AdjCase= 0
|AdjNumber= 0
|AdjDef= 100
|AdjGen= 0
|AdjComparative= 100
|AdjSuperlative= 100
|Supine=
|Gerund=
|Participle= 100
|Infinitive= 100
|Modality=
|Words=}}
==Phonology==
Aspiration is in free variation; it does not determine another phoneme. Palatalization has created related pairs of words with c, k, and x and is responsible for creating the /ʃ/ phoneme from /sk/. N is pronounced /ŋ/ before k while ng simplifies to /ŋ/. Æ-Tensing is a process by which the vowel /æ/ found in Evonish is raised and lengthened to produce /æ̝ˑ/ before a nasal consonant, yet this is merely an allophone and may be ignored.
===Consonants===
Parenthesis indicate allophones.
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg"
! scope="col" style="width: 66px; text-align: center; "|Bilabial
! scope="col" style="width: 66px; text-align: center; "|Labio-dental
! scope="col" style="width: 66px; text-align: center; "|Dental
! scope="col" style="width: 66px; text-align: center; "|Alveolar
! scope="col" style="width: 66px; text-align: center; "|Post-alveolar
! scope="col" style="width: 66px; text-align: center; "|Palatal
! scope="col" style="width: 66px; text-align: center; "|Labio-velar
! scope="col" style="width: 66px; text-align: center; "|Velar
! scope="col" style="width: 66px; text-align: center; "|Glottal
! scope="col" style="width: 66px; "|
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|/m/
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|/n/
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|(ŋ)
| style="text-align: center;"|
! style="text-align: center; "|Nasal
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|/p/ /b/
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|/t/ /d/
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|/k/ /g/
| style="text-align: center;"|/ʔ/
! style="text-align: center; "|Plosive
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|/f/ /v/
| style="text-align: center;"|/θ/ /ð/
| style="text-align: center;"|/s/ /z/
| style="text-align: center;"|/ʃ/ /ʒ/
| style="text-align: center;"|/ç/
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|/x/
| style="text-align: center;"|/h/
! style="text-align: center; "|Fricative
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;" colspan="3"|/ɹ/
| style="text-align: center;"|/j/
| style="text-align: center;"|/ʍ/ /w/
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
! style="text-align: center; "|Approximant
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;" colspan="3"|/ɾ/
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
! style="text-align: center; "|Flap/Tap
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|/l/
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
! style="text-align: center; "|Lateral
|}

===Vowels===
Parenthesis indicate allophones. The following table includes the rhotic vowels as well.
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg"
! scope="col" style="width: 90px; text-align: center; "|Front
! scope="col" style="width: 90px; text-align: center; "|Near-front
! scope="col" style="width: 90px; text-align: center; "|Central
! scope="col" style="width: 90px; text-align: center; "|Near-back
! scope="col" style="width: 90px; text-align: center; "|Back
! scope="col" style="width: 90px; "|
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|/i/
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|/u/
! style="text-align: center; "|Close
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|/ɪ/
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|/ʊ/
| style="text-align: center;"|
! style="text-align: center; "|Near-close
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|/e/, /e˞ː/
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|/o/
! style="text-align: center; "|Close-mid
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|/ə/
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
! style="text-align: center; "|Mid
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|/ɛ/, /ɛ˞ː/
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|/ɝː/
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|/ʌ/ '''·''' /ɔ/, /ɔ˞ː/
! style="text-align: center; "|Open-mid
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|/æ/ (æ̝ˑ)
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
! style="text-align: center; "|Near-open
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|/ɑ/, /ɑ˞/
! style="text-align: center; "|Open
|}

==Writing==
'''The writing system is from right to left.'''
===Alphabet===
The twenty-eight letter Evonish alphabet is a modified Latin alphabet that contains the following characters.
*a, p b, c, j, t, d, þ, ð, e, f, v, k, g, h, i, y, l, m, n, o, r, s, z, u, ƕ, w, x.
The [[IPA for Evonish]] is sorely out of date, and is subject to change soon.
===Diacritics===
Certain letters with the diaeresis will be used to express umlaut. The umlauts can be rewritten as the standard vowel with an e after. These can be entered with an international keyboard, or copied.
===Digraphs===
These represent further vowels otherwise impossible to write.
aa - /a/, ee - /e/, ii - /i/, oo - /o/, uu - /u/, yy - /ai/

==Pro-forms==
===Pronouns===
Personal pronouns feature a combination of the Germanic, h-stem, i-stem, and s-stem in third person. The sole relative pronoun is [TBD].
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 500px; "
! scope="row"|Person
! scope="col"|Number
! scope="col"|Nominative
! scope="col"|Accusative
! scope="col"|Genitive
! scope="col"|Dative
|-
! rowspan="2" scope="row"|First
!Singular
|
|
|
|
|-
!Plural
|
|
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2"|Second
!Singular
|
|
|
|
|-
!Plural
|
|
|
|
|-
! rowspan="3"|Third
!Common
|
|
|
|
|-
!Neuter
|
|
|
|
|-
!Plural
|
|
|
|
|-
!Indefinite
!Reflexive
|
|
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2"|Interrogative
!Common
|
|
|
|
|-
!Neuter
|
|
|
|
|}

===Determiners===
The negative article is understood as indefinite; there is no negative definite article so the verb of the sentence is negated instead.

{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 500px; "
! rowspan="2" colspan="2"|Determiners
! colspan="3"|Article
! colspan="2"|Demonstrative
|-
!Definite
!Indefinite
!Negative
!Proximal
!Distal
|-
! rowspan="2"|Singular
!Common
| style="text-align: center; "|
| style="text-align: center; "|
| style="text-align: center; "|
| style="text-align: center; "|
| style="text-align: center; "|
|-
!Neuter
| style="text-align: center; "|
| style="text-align: center; "|
| style="text-align: center; "|
| style="text-align: center; "|
| style="text-align: center; "|
|-
! rowspan="2"|Plural
!Common
| style="text-align: center; "|
| style="text-align: center; "|
| style="text-align: center; "|
| style="text-align: center; "|
| style="text-align: center; "|
|-
!Neuter
| style="text-align: center; "|
| style="text-align: center; "|
| style="text-align: center; "|
| style="text-align: center; "|
| style="text-align: center; "|
|-
|}
===Further Pro-forms===
===Table of Correlatives===
===Quantifiers===
==Morphology==
===Adjective===
Certain adjectives decline only in an attributive position; they do not in a predicative position. Cf. [[w:German language|German]] ''die schwarze Magd'' vs ''die Magd ist schwarz''. Some adjectives undergo umlaut, such as old, ölder, and öldest. Furthermore, there are many common affixes which form adjectives, whose list will be available in time.
* Comparative: -err
* Superlative: -est
===Noun===
Old Evonish contained two more cases and three genders. Their declension depends upon case, gender, and number. Gender is a special factor in Evonish; a word does not determine a gender, rather a selected gender determines a different word. For example, a stone in common gender may be an igneous rock while a stone in neuter may be a sedimentary rock. The plural genitive ending is used in compound words much like kennings.

{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 500px; "
! colspan="2"|Class I
!Nominative
!Accusative
!Genitive
!Dative
|-
! rowspan="2"|Singular
!Common
|
|
|
|
|-
!Neuter
|
|
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2"|Plural
!Common
|
|
|
|
|-
!Neuter
|
|
|
|
|-
! colspan="2"|Class I
!Nominative
!Accusative
!Genitive
!Dative
|-
! rowspan="2"|Singular
!Common
|
|
|
|
|-
!Neuter
|
|
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2"|Plural
!Common
|
|
|
|
|-
!Neuter
|
|
|
|
|-
|}
===Umlaut===
Umlaut is a process that occured after Proto-Germanic. It has led to the vowel change of many words and often creates pairs of semantically and grammatically similar words.
Occurrences:
*Certain plurals of strong nouns
*Genitive and dative singular of some nouns
*Second and third person singular indicative of some verbs
*Comparatives and superlatives
*Derivative verbs (of nouns)
*Causative verbs
*Abstract nouns with the -þ suffix
*Nouns with the -enn feminine suffix
===Verb===
Verbs or verb forms in quotes are either an English equivalent or a work in progress. The infinitives of the frequentative aspects are -eln and -ern. The infinitive form in Evonish is the lemma form of the verb, meaning it is the one used in dictionaries. The primary aspects are simple, perfect, progressive, habitual, frequentative, and inchoative. Simple aspect is used for:
*Stative verbs
*Gnomic aspect
*Near future
Further aspects are formed by nonstandard ways or purely by context.
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 500px"
|-
! Aspects
! Auxiliary/Suffix
! Main Verb
|-
! Simple
| -en
| conjugation
|-
! Perfect
| "to have"
| past participle
|-
! Progressive
| "to be"
| present participle
|-
! Habitual
| "to do"
| infinitive
|-
! Frequentative
| -eln, -ern
| conjugation
|-
! Inchoative
| "to begin"
| supine
|}
Future is generally expressed by giving a time, or is implied in context with the simple present tense. There are auxiliary verbs that are standard as well, as seen in the conjugation table. The particle [TBD] after the main verb negates the verb. The following table shows the conjugation of the verb fällen, a weak 1 class verb.
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width: 500px; "
!Weak
!Class 1
!To fell
!
|-
! rowspan="2" |Nonfinite
!Infinitive
!Gerund
!Supine
|-
|fällen
|fälling
|tofäll
|-
! colspan="4" |Adjectival
|-
!Participle
!Auxiliary
!Positive
!Negative
|-
!Active
|"to be"
|fällend
|nefällend
|-
!Passive
|"to have"
|gefälled
|unfälled
|-
!Mood
!Past
!Present
!Future
|-
! rowspan="3" |Indicative
|
| fälle
|"I shall" / "we shall"
|-
|
|
|"thou wilt" / "ye will"
|-
|
|
|"he goes" / "we go"
|-
!Subjunctive
|fällde / fällden
|fälle / fällen
|
|-
!Imperative
|
|fäll! / fälleþ!
|
|-
|}

==Syntax==
===Comparisons===
Comparative forms use the particle "ðann" followed by the noun(s) being compared to. Depending on that noun's case will determine which noun is first making the comparison. These can imply drastically different meanings, for example:
*"He ate pie quicker than '''I'''" would yield "than I ate pie" (in this example the compared noun is in the nominative).
*"He ate pie quicker than '''me'''" would yield "than he ate me" (in this example the compared noun is in the accusative).

===Word Order===
The standard word order is SVO and is V2. Questions without interrogative pronouns(yes or no) have verb first and subject second.
Dependent clauses have this special word order: Subject - Indirect Object - Direct Object - Instrument - Verb. Relative clauses have their own.
==Dictionary==
{{Kinship
|PaternalGrandMother=
|PaternalGrandFather=
|MaternalGrandMother=
|MaternalGrandFather=
|PaternalAuntsHusband=
|PaternalAunt=
|PaternalUnclesWife=
|PaternalUncle=
|Father=
|Mother=
|PaternalTwinUnclesWife=
|PaternalTwinUncle=
|PaternalYoungerUnclesWife=
|PaternalYoungerUncle=
|PaternalOlderUnclesWife=
|PaternalOlderUncle=
|PaternalTwinAuntsHusband=
|PaternalTwinAunt=
|PaternalYoungerAuntsHusband=
|PaternalYoungerAunt=
|PaternalOlderAuntsHusband=
|PaternalOlderAunt=
|MaternalTwinUnclesWife=
|MaternalTwinUncle=
|MaternalYoungerUnclesWife=
|MaternalYoungerUncle=
|MaternalOlderUnclesWife=
|MaternalOlderUncle=
|MaternalTwinAuntsHusband=
|MaternalTwinAunt=
|MaternalYoungerAuntsHusband=
|MaternalYoungerAunt=
|MaternalOlderAuntsHusband=
|MaternalOlderAunt=
|PaternalTwinUnclesSon=
|PaternalTwinUnclesDaughter=
|PaternalYoungerUnclesSon=
|PaternalYoungerUnclesDaughter=
|PaternalOlderUnclesSon=
|PaternalOlderUnclesDaughter=
|PaternalTwinAuntsSon=
|PaternalTwinAuntsDaughter=
|PaternalYoungerAuntsSon=
|PaternalYoungerAuntsDaughter=
|PaternalOlderAuntsSon=
|PaternalOlderAuntsDaughter=
|MaternalTwinUnclesSon=
|MaternalTwinUnclesDaughter=
|MaternalYoungerUnclesSon=
|MaternalYoungerUnclesDaughter=
|MaternalOlderUnclesSon=
|MaternalOlderUnclesDaughter=
|MaternalTwinAuntsSon=
|MaternalTwinAuntsDaughter=
|MaternalYoungerAuntsSon=
|MaternalYoungerAuntsDaughter=
|MaternalOlderAuntsSon=
|MaternalOlderAuntsDaughter=
|Sister=
|Self=
|Husband=
|Wife=
|LittleSister=
|TwinSister=
|BigSister=
|BigBrother=
|TwinBrother=
|LittleBrother=
|LittleSistersHusband=
|TwinSistersHusband=
|BigSistersHusband=
|BigBrothersWife=
|TwinBrothersWife=
|LittleBrothersWife=
|MaternalAuntsSon=
|MaternalAuntsDaughter=
|MaternalUnclesSon=
|MaternalUnclesDaughter=
|HusbandSon=
|HusbandDaughter=
|WifeSon=
|WifeDaughter=
|TwinSisterNiece=
|TwinSisterNephew=
|LittleSisterNiece=
|LittleSisterNephew=
|BigSisterNiece=
|BigSisterNephew=
|TwinBrotherNiece=
|TwinBrotherNephew=
|LittleBrotherNiece=
|LittleBrotherNephew=
|BigBrotherNiece=
|BigBrotherNephew=
}}

==Example texts==
Lorem Ipsum.
[[Category:Languages]]
[[Category:Germanic]]
[[Category:Conlangs]]
[[Category:A posteriori]]
[[Category:Evonen languages]]
[[Category:Evonish]]

Evonish

2013-07-02T06:44:43Z

OlySlayer: reformatting, adding more

'''Evonish''' is a [[w:Germanic languages|Germanic language]] of the Evonen language branch. It is based on [[w:General American pronunciation|General American phonology]] and uses grammar that descends far from Common Germanic, but in its own branch. The wordstock has many influences of [[w:Celtic languages|Celtic languages]], [[w:Slavic languages|Slavic languages]], and has [[a priori]] features. The elder form is the runic Old Evonish, which was less standardized but had featured greater [[w:morphology|morphology]]. The two languages split on 25 May 2012 and will differentiate more over time. The objectives of Evonish are:
*to reinstitute old features of Germanic
*to preserve Celtic vocabulary
*to eliminate any and all need for interpretation by context
*to create a left-hand friendly writing system
''Tables are horizontally flipped intentionally.''

{{ClassMeter
|Name = Evonish
|NativeName =
|Type = Fusional
|Alignment = Nominative-Accusative

|adjective = final
|adposition = final
|adverb = final
|article = final
|relativeclause = mixed
|nounclause = final
|order = SVO

|Tonal = No
|Declined = Yes
|Conjugated = Yes
|Genders = Common, Neuter
|NCase = yes
|NNumber = yes
|NDefiniteness = no
|NGender = yes
|VVoice = no
|VMood = yes
|VPerson = yes
|VNumber = yes
|VTense = yes
|VAspect = no

|Phonology=
|NounCases=
|NounDef=
|NounNumbers=
|NounGender=
|VerbPerson=
|VerbNumber=
|VerbAspect=
|VerbTense=
|VerbMood=
|VerbVoice=
|AdjCase= 0
|AdjNumber= 0
|AdjDef= 100
|AdjGen= 0
|AdjComparative= 100
|AdjSuperlative= 100
|Supine=
|Gerund=
|Participle= 100
|Infinitive= 100
|Modality=
|Words=}}
==Phonology==
Aspiration is in free variation; it does not determine another phoneme. Palatalization has created related pairs of words with c, k, and x and is responsible for creating the /ʃ/ phoneme from /sk/. N is pronounced /ŋ/ before k while ng simplifies to /ŋ/. Æ-Tensing is a process by which the vowel /æ/ found in Evonish is raised and lengthened to produce /æ̝ˑ/ before a nasal consonant, yet this is merely an allophone and may be ignored.
===Consonants===
Parenthesis indicate allophones.
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg"
! scope="col" style="width: 66px; text-align: center; "|Bilabial
! scope="col" style="width: 66px; text-align: center; "|Labio-dental
! scope="col" style="width: 66px; text-align: center; "|Dental
! scope="col" style="width: 66px; text-align: center; "|Alveolar
! scope="col" style="width: 66px; text-align: center; "|Post-alveolar
! scope="col" style="width: 66px; text-align: center; "|Palatal
! scope="col" style="width: 66px; text-align: center; "|Labio-velar
! scope="col" style="width: 66px; text-align: center; "|Velar
! scope="col" style="width: 66px; text-align: center; "|Glottal
! scope="col" style="width: 66px; "|
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|/m/
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|/n/
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|(ŋ)
| style="text-align: center;"|
! style="text-align: center; "|Nasal
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|/p/ /b/
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|/t/ /d/
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|/k/ /g/
| style="text-align: center;"|/ʔ/
! style="text-align: center; "|Plosive
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|/f/ /v/
| style="text-align: center;"|/θ/ /ð/
| style="text-align: center;"|/s/ /z/
| style="text-align: center;"|/ʃ/ /ʒ/
| style="text-align: center;"|/ç/
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|/x/
| style="text-align: center;"|/h/
! style="text-align: center; "|Fricative
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;" colspan="3"|/ɹ/
| style="text-align: center;"|/j/
| style="text-align: center;"|/ʍ/ /w/
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
! style="text-align: center; "|Approximant
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;" colspan="3"|/ɾ/
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
! style="text-align: center; "|Flap/Tap
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|/l/
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
! style="text-align: center; "|Lateral
|}

===Vowels===
Parenthesis indicate allophones. The following table includes the rhotic vowels as well.
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg"
! scope="col" style="width: 90px; text-align: center; "|Front
! scope="col" style="width: 90px; text-align: center; "|Near-front
! scope="col" style="width: 90px; text-align: center; "|Central
! scope="col" style="width: 90px; text-align: center; "|Near-back
! scope="col" style="width: 90px; text-align: center; "|Back
! scope="col" style="width: 90px; "|
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|/i/
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|/u/
! style="text-align: center; "|Close
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|/ɪ/
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|/ʊ/
| style="text-align: center;"|
! style="text-align: center; "|Near-close
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|/e/, /e˞ː/
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|/o/
! style="text-align: center; "|Close-mid
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|/ə/
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
! style="text-align: center; "|Mid
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|/ɛ/, /ɛ˞ː/
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|/ɝː/
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|/ʌ/ '''·''' /ɔ/, /ɔ˞ː/
! style="text-align: center; "|Open-mid
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|/æ/ (æ̝ˑ)
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
! style="text-align: center; "|Near-open
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|/ɑ/, /ɑ˞/
! style="text-align: center; "|Open
|}

==Writing==
'''The writing system is from right to left.'''
===Alphabet===
The twenty-eight letter Evonish alphabet is a modified Latin alphabet that contains the following characters.
*a, p b, c, j, t, d, þ, ð, e, f, v, k, g, h, i, y, l, m, n, o, r, s, z, u, ƕ, w, x.
The [[IPA for Evonish]] is sorely out of date, and is subject to change soon.
===Diacritics===
Certain letters with the diaeresis will be used to express umlaut. The umlauts can be rewritten as the standard vowel with an e after. These can be entered with an international keyboard, or copied.
===Digraphs===
These represent further vowels otherwise impossible to write.
aa - /a/, ee - /e/, ii - /i/, oo - /o/, uu - /u/, yy - /ai/

==Pro-forms==
===Pronouns===
Personal pronouns feature a combination of the Germanic, h-stem, i-stem, and s-stem in third person. The sole relative pronoun is [TBD].
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 500px; "
! scope="row"|Person
! scope="col"|Number
! scope="col"|Nominative
! scope="col"|Accusative
! scope="col"|Genitive
! scope="col"|Dative
|-
! rowspan="2" scope="row"|First
!Singular
|
|
|
|
|-
!Plural
|
|
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2"|Second
!Singular
|
|
|
|
|-
!Plural
|
|
|
|
|-
! rowspan="3"|Third
!Common
|
|
|
|
|-
!Neuter
|
|
|
|
|-
!Plural
|
|
|
|
|-
!Indefinite
!Reflexive
|
|
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2"|Interrogative
!Common
|
|
|
|
|-
!Neuter
|
|
|
|
|}

===Determiners===
The negative article is understood as indefinite; there is no negative definite article so the verb of the sentence is negated instead.

{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 500px; "
! rowspan="2" colspan="2"|Determiners
! colspan="3"|Article
! colspan="2"|Demonstrative
|-
!Definite
!Indefinite
!Negative
!Proximal
!Distal
|-
! rowspan="2"|Singular
!Common
| style="text-align: center; "|
| style="text-align: center; "|
| style="text-align: center; "|
| style="text-align: center; "|
| style="text-align: center; "|
|-
!Neuter
| style="text-align: center; "|
| style="text-align: center; "|
| style="text-align: center; "|
| style="text-align: center; "|
| style="text-align: center; "|
|-
! rowspan="2"|Plural
!Common
| style="text-align: center; "|
| style="text-align: center; "|
| style="text-align: center; "|
| style="text-align: center; "|
| style="text-align: center; "|
|-
!Neuter
| style="text-align: center; "|
| style="text-align: center; "|
| style="text-align: center; "|
| style="text-align: center; "|
| style="text-align: center; "|
|-
|}
===Further Pro-forms===
===Table of Correlatives===
===Quantifiers===
==Morphology==
===Adjective===
Certain adjectives decline only in an attributive position; they do not in a predicative position. Cf. [[w:German language|German]] ''die schwarze Magd'' vs ''die Magd ist schwarz''. Some adjectives undergo umlaut, such as old, ölder, and öldest. Furthermore, there are many common affixes which form adjectives, whose list will be available in time.
* Comparative: -err
* Superlative: -est
===Noun===
Old Evonish contained two more cases and three genders. Their declension depends upon case, gender, and number. Gender is a special factor in Evonish; a word does not determine a gender, rather a selected gender determines a different word. For example, a stone in common gender may be an igneous rock while a stone in neuter may be a sedimentary rock. The plural genitive ending is used in compound words much like kennings.

{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 500px; "
! colspan="2"|Class I
!Nominative
!Accusative
!Genitive
!Dative
|-
! rowspan="2"|Singular
!Common
|
|
|
|
|-
!Neuter
|
|
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2"|Plural
!Common
|
|
|
|
|-
!Neuter
|
|
|
|
|-
! colspan="2"|Class I
!Nominative
!Accusative
!Genitive
!Dative
|-
! rowspan="2"|Singular
!Common
|
|
|
|
|-
!Neuter
|
|
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2"|Plural
!Common
|
|
|
|
|-
!Neuter
|
|
|
|
|-
|}
===Umlaut===
Umlaut is a process that occured after Proto-Germanic. It has led to the vowel change of many words and often creates pairs of semantically and grammatically similar words.
Occurrences:
*Certain plurals of strong nouns
*Genitive and dative singular of some nouns
*Second and third person singular indicative of some verbs
*Comparatives and superlatives
*Derivative verbs (of nouns)
*Causative verbs
*Abstract nouns with the -þ suffix
*Nouns with the -enn feminine suffix
===Verb===
Verbs or verb forms in quotes are either an English equivalent or a work in progress. The infinitives of the frequentative aspects are -eln and -ern. The infinitive form in Evonish is the lemma form of the verb, meaning it is the one used in dictionaries. The primary aspects are simple, perfect, progressive, habitual, and frequentative. Simple aspect is used for:
*Stative verbs
*Gnomic aspect
*Near future
Further aspects are formed by nonstandard ways or purely by context.
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 500px"
|-
! Aspects
! Auxiliary/Suffix
! Main Verb
|-
! Simple
| -en
| conjugation
|-
! Perfect
| "to have"
| past participle
|-
! Progressive
| "to be"
| present participle
|-
! Habitual
| "to do"
| infinitive
|-
! Frequentative
| -eln, -ern
| conjugation
|-
! Inchoative
| "to begin"
| supine
|}
Future is generally expressed by giving a time, or is implied in context with the simple present tense. There are auxiliary verbs that are standard as well. First Person: "I shall", "we shall". Second Person: "thou wilt", "ye will". Third Person: "he goes", "we go". The particle [TBD] after the main verb negates the verb. The following table shows the conjugation of the verb fällen, a weak 1 class verb. The auxiliary verbs in the table are the verbs used with the participles to form two different aspects.
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width: 500px; "
!Weak
!Class 1
!To fell
!
|-
! rowspan="2" |Nonfinite
!Infinitive
!Gerund
!Supine
|-
|fällen
|fälling
|tofäll
|-
! colspan="4" |Adjectival
|-
!Participle
!Auxiliary
!Positive
!Negative
|-
!Active
!"to be"
|fällend
|nefällend
|-
!Passive
!"to have"
|gefälled
|unfälled
|-
!Mood
!Tense
!Singular
!Plural
|-
! rowspan="6" |Indicative
! rowspan="3" |Nonpast
| colspan="1" |fälle
| colspan="1" |[TBD]
|-
| colspan="1" |fällest
| colspan="1" |[TBD]
|-
| colspan="1" |fälleþ
| colspan="1" |[TBD]
|-
! rowspan="3" |Past
| colspan="1" |fälled
| colspan="1" |[TBD]
|-
|[TBD]
|[TBD]
|-
|[TBD]
|[TBD]
|-
! rowspan="2" |Subjunctive
!Nonpast
| colspan="1" |fälle
| colspan="1" |fällen
|-
!Past
| colspan="1" |fällde
| colspan="1" |fällden
|-
!Imperative
!Present
|fäll!
|fälleþ!
|-
|}

==Syntax==
===Comparisons===
Comparative forms use the particle "ðann" followed by the noun(s) being compared to. Depending on that noun's case will determine which noun is first making the comparison. These can imply drastically different meanings, for example:
*"He ate pie quicker than '''I'''" would yield "than I ate pie" (in this example the compared noun is in the nominative).
*"He ate pie quicker than '''me'''" would yield "than he ate me" (in this example the compared noun is in the accusative).

===Word Order===
The standard word order is SVO and is V2. Questions without interrogative pronouns(yes or no) have verb first and subject second.
Dependent clauses have this special word order: Subject - Indirect Object - Direct Object - Instrument - Verb. Relative clauses have their own.
==Dictionary==
{{Kinship
|PaternalGrandMother=
|PaternalGrandFather=
|MaternalGrandMother=
|MaternalGrandFather=
|PaternalAuntsHusband=
|PaternalAunt=
|PaternalUnclesWife=
|PaternalUncle=
|Father=
|Mother=
|PaternalTwinUnclesWife=
|PaternalTwinUncle=
|PaternalYoungerUnclesWife=
|PaternalYoungerUncle=
|PaternalOlderUnclesWife=
|PaternalOlderUncle=
|PaternalTwinAuntsHusband=
|PaternalTwinAunt=
|PaternalYoungerAuntsHusband=
|PaternalYoungerAunt=
|PaternalOlderAuntsHusband=
|PaternalOlderAunt=
|MaternalTwinUnclesWife=
|MaternalTwinUncle=
|MaternalYoungerUnclesWife=
|MaternalYoungerUncle=
|MaternalOlderUnclesWife=
|MaternalOlderUncle=
|MaternalTwinAuntsHusband=
|MaternalTwinAunt=
|MaternalYoungerAuntsHusband=
|MaternalYoungerAunt=
|MaternalOlderAuntsHusband=
|MaternalOlderAunt=
|PaternalTwinUnclesSon=
|PaternalTwinUnclesDaughter=
|PaternalYoungerUnclesSon=
|PaternalYoungerUnclesDaughter=
|PaternalOlderUnclesSon=
|PaternalOlderUnclesDaughter=
|PaternalTwinAuntsSon=
|PaternalTwinAuntsDaughter=
|PaternalYoungerAuntsSon=
|PaternalYoungerAuntsDaughter=
|PaternalOlderAuntsSon=
|PaternalOlderAuntsDaughter=
|MaternalTwinUnclesSon=
|MaternalTwinUnclesDaughter=
|MaternalYoungerUnclesSon=
|MaternalYoungerUnclesDaughter=
|MaternalOlderUnclesSon=
|MaternalOlderUnclesDaughter=
|MaternalTwinAuntsSon=
|MaternalTwinAuntsDaughter=
|MaternalYoungerAuntsSon=
|MaternalYoungerAuntsDaughter=
|MaternalOlderAuntsSon=
|MaternalOlderAuntsDaughter=
|Sister=
|Self=
|Husband=
|Wife=
|LittleSister=
|TwinSister=
|BigSister=
|BigBrother=
|TwinBrother=
|LittleBrother=
|LittleSistersHusband=
|TwinSistersHusband=
|BigSistersHusband=
|BigBrothersWife=
|TwinBrothersWife=
|LittleBrothersWife=
|MaternalAuntsSon=
|MaternalAuntsDaughter=
|MaternalUnclesSon=
|MaternalUnclesDaughter=
|HusbandSon=
|HusbandDaughter=
|WifeSon=
|WifeDaughter=
|TwinSisterNiece=
|TwinSisterNephew=
|LittleSisterNiece=
|LittleSisterNephew=
|BigSisterNiece=
|BigSisterNephew=
|TwinBrotherNiece=
|TwinBrotherNephew=
|LittleBrotherNiece=
|LittleBrotherNephew=
|BigBrotherNiece=
|BigBrotherNephew=
}}

==Example texts==
Lorem Ipsum.
[[Category:Languages]]
[[Category:Germanic]]
[[Category:Conlangs]]
[[Category:A posteriori]]
[[Category:Evonen languages]]
[[Category:Evonish]]

Evonish

2013-07-02T06:08:44Z

OlySlayer: /* Phonology */ can't decide if I want to keep Gen. Amer. phonology

'''Evonish''' is a [[w:Germanic languages|Germanic language]] of the Evonen language branch. It is based on [[w:General American pronunciation|General American phonology]] and uses grammar that descends far from Common Germanic, but in its own branch. The wordstock has many influences of [[w:Celtic languages|Celtic languages]], and has [[a priori]] features. The elder form is the runic Old Evonish, which was less standardized but had featured greater [[w:morphology|morphology]]. The two languages split on 25 May 2012 and will differentiate more over time. The objective of Evonish is to preserve old features of Germanic, preserve Celtic vocabulary, as well as eliminate any need for interpretation by context. ''Tables are horizontally flipped intentionally.''

{{ClassMeter
|Name = Evonish
|NativeName =
|Type = Fusional
|Alignment = Nominative-Accusative

|adjective = final
|adposition = final
|adverb = final
|article = final
|relativeclause = mixed
|nounclause = final
|order = SVO

|Tonal = No
|Declined = Yes
|Conjugated = Yes
|Genders = Common, Neuter
|NCase = yes
|NNumber = yes
|NDefiniteness = no
|NGender = yes
|VVoice = no
|VMood = yes
|VPerson = yes
|VNumber = yes
|VTense = yes
|VAspect = no

|Phonology=
|NounCases=
|NounDef=
|NounNumbers=
|NounGender=
|VerbPerson=
|VerbNumber=
|VerbAspect=
|VerbTense=
|VerbMood=
|VerbVoice=
|AdjCase= 0
|AdjNumber= 0
|AdjDef= 100
|AdjGen= 0
|AdjComparative= 100
|AdjSuperlative= 100
|Supine=
|Gerund=
|Participle= 100
|Infinitive= 100
|Modality=
|Words=}}
==Phonology==
Aspiration is in free variation; it does not determine another phoneme. Palatalization has created related pairs of words with c, k, and x and is responsible for creating the /ʃ/ phoneme from /sk/. N is pronounced /ŋ/ before k while ng simplifies to /ŋ/. Æ-Tensing is a process by which the vowel /æ/ found in Evonish is raised and lengthened to produce /æ̝ˑ/ before a nasal consonant, yet this is merely an allophone and may be ignored.
===Consonants===
Parenthesis indicate allophones.
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"
! scope="col" style="width: 66px; text-align: center; "|Bilabial
! scope="col" style="width: 66px; text-align: center; "|Labio-dental
! scope="col" style="width: 66px; text-align: center; "|Dental
! scope="col" style="width: 66px; text-align: center; "|Alveolar
! scope="col" style="width: 66px; text-align: center; "|Post-alveolar
! scope="col" style="width: 66px; text-align: center; "|Palatal
! scope="col" style="width: 66px; text-align: center; "|Labio-velar
! scope="col" style="width: 66px; text-align: center; "|Velar
! scope="col" style="width: 66px; text-align: center; "|Glottal
! scope="col" style="width: 66px; "|
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|/m/
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|/n/
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|(ŋ)
| style="text-align: center;"|
! style="text-align: center; "|Nasal
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|/p/ /b/
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|/t/ /d/
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|/k/ /g/
| style="text-align: center;"|/ʔ/
! style="text-align: center; "|Plosive
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|/f/ /v/
| style="text-align: center;"|/θ/ /ð/
| style="text-align: center;"|/s/ /z/
| style="text-align: center;"|/ʃ/ /ʒ/
| style="text-align: center;"|/ç/
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|/x/
| style="text-align: center;"|/h/
! style="text-align: center; "|Fricative
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;" colspan="3"|/ɹ/
| style="text-align: center;"|/j/
| style="text-align: center;"|/ʍ/ /w/
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
! style="text-align: center; "|Approximant
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;" colspan="3"|/ɾ/
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
! style="text-align: center; "|Flap/Tap
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|/l/
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
! style="text-align: center; "|Lateral
|}

===Vowels===
Parenthesis indicate allophones. The following table includes the rhotic vowels as well.
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"
! scope="col" style="width: 90px; text-align: center; "|Front
! scope="col" style="width: 90px; text-align: center; "|Near-front
! scope="col" style="width: 90px; text-align: center; "|Central
! scope="col" style="width: 90px; text-align: center; "|Near-back
! scope="col" style="width: 90px; text-align: center; "|Back
! scope="col" style="width: 90px; "|
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|/i/
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|/u/
! style="text-align: center; "|Close
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|/ɪ/
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|/ʊ/
| style="text-align: center;"|
! style="text-align: center; "|Near-close
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|/e/, /e˞ː/
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|/o/
! style="text-align: center; "|Close-mid
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|/ə/
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
! style="text-align: center; "|Mid
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|/ɛ/, /ɛ˞ː/
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|/ɝː/
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|/ʌ/ '''·''' /ɔ/, /ɔ˞ː/
! style="text-align: center; "|Open-mid
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|/æ/ (æ̝ˑ)
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
! style="text-align: center; "|Near-open
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|/ɑ/, /ɑ˞/
! style="text-align: center; "|Open
|}

==Writing==
'''The writing system is from right to left.'''
===Alphabet===
The twenty-eight letter Evonish alphabet is a modified Latin alphabet that contains the following characters.
a, p b, c, j, t, d, þ, ð, e, f, v, k, g, h, i, y, l, m, n, o, r, s, z, u, ƕ, w, x.
See [[IPA for Evonish]] for the pronunciations of the letters. '''The following will be incorporated to the IPA page: *ar /ɑ˞/ (mark, dark)*er /ɛ˞ː/ (air, bear)*ir /e˞ː/ (deer, fear)*or /ɔ˞ː/ (or, cord)*ur /ɝː/ (fur, her)'''
===Diacritics===
Certain letters with the diaeresis will be used to express umlaut. The umlauts can be rewritten as the standard vowel with an e after. These can be entered with an international keyboard, or copied.
===Digraphs===
These represent further vowels otherwise impossible to write.
aa - /a/, ee - /e/, ii - /i/, oo - /o/, uu - /u/, yy - /ai/

==Pronouns==
Personal pronouns feature a combination of the Germanic, h-stem, i-stem, and s-stem in third person. The sole relative pronoun is [TBD].
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 500px; "
! scope="row"|Person
! scope="col"|Number
! scope="col"|Nominative
! scope="col"|Accusative
! scope="col"|Genitive
! scope="col"|Dative
|-
! rowspan="2" scope="row"|First
!Singular
|
|
|
|
|-
!Plural
|
|
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2"|Second
!Singular
|
|
|
|
|-
!Plural
|
|
|
|
|-
! rowspan="3"|Third
!Common
|
|
|
|
|-
!Neuter
|
|
|
|
|-
!Plural
|
|
|
|
|-
!Indefinite
!Reflexive
|
|
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2"|Interrogative
!Common
|
|
|
|
|-
!Neuter
|
|
|
|
|}

==Determiners==
The negative article is understood as indefinite; there is no negative definite article so the verb of the sentence is negated instead.

{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 500px; "
! rowspan="2" colspan="2"|Determiners
! colspan="3"|Article
! colspan="2"|Demonstrative
|-
!Definite
!Indefinite
!Negative
!Proximal
!Distal
|-
! rowspan="2"|Singular
!Common
| style="text-align: center; "|
| style="text-align: center; "|
| style="text-align: center; "|
| style="text-align: center; "|
| style="text-align: center; "|
|-
!Neuter
| style="text-align: center; "|
| style="text-align: center; "|
| style="text-align: center; "|
| style="text-align: center; "|
| style="text-align: center; "|
|-
! rowspan="2"|Plural
!Common
| style="text-align: center; "|
| style="text-align: center; "|
| style="text-align: center; "|
| style="text-align: center; "|
| style="text-align: center; "|
|-
!Neuter
| style="text-align: center; "|
| style="text-align: center; "|
| style="text-align: center; "|
| style="text-align: center; "|
| style="text-align: center; "|
|-
|}

==Morphology==
===Adjective===
Certain adjectives decline only in an attributive position; they do not in a predicative position. Cf. [[w:German language|German]] ''die schwarze Magd'' vs ''die Magd ist schwarz''. Some adjectives undergo umlaut, such as old, ölder, and öldest. Furthermore, there are many common affixes which form adjectives, whose list will be available in time.
* Comparative: -err
* Superlative: -est
===Umlaut===
Umlaut is a process that occured after Proto-Germanic. It has led to the vowel change of many words and often creates pairs of semantically and grammatically similar words.
Occurrences:
*Certain plurals of strong nouns
*Genitive and dative singular of some nouns
*Second and third person singular indicative of some verbs
*Comparatives and superlatives
*Derivative verbs (of nouns)
*Causative verbs
*Abstract nouns with the -þ suffix
*Nouns with the -enn feminine suffix
===Noun===
Old Evonish contained two more cases and three genders. Their declension depends upon case, gender, and number. Gender is a special factor in Evonish; a word does not determine a gender, rather a selected gender determines a different word. For example, a stone in common gender may be an igneous rock while a stone in neuter may be a sedimentary rock. The plural genitive ending is used in compound words much like kennings.

{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 500px; "
! colspan="2"|Class I
!Nominative
!Accusative
!Genitive
!Dative
|-
! rowspan="2"|Singular
!Common
|
|
|
|
|-
!Neuter
|
|
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2"|Plural
!Common
|
|
|
|
|-
!Neuter
|
|
|
|
|-
! colspan="2"|Class I
!Nominative
!Accusative
!Genitive
!Dative
|-
! rowspan="2"|Singular
!Common
|
|
|
|
|-
!Neuter
|
|
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2"|Plural
!Common
|
|
|
|
|-
!Neuter
|
|
|
|
|-
|}
===Verb===
Verbs or verb forms in quotes are either an English equivalent or a work in progress. The infinitives of the frequentative aspects are -eln and -ern. The infinitive form in Evonish is the lemma form of the verb, meaning it is the one used in dictionaries. The primary aspects are simple, perfect, progressive, habitual, and frequentative. Simple aspect is used for:
*Stative verbs
*Gnomic aspect
*Near future
Further aspects are formed by nonstandard ways or purely by context.
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 500px"
|-
! Aspects
! Auxiliary/Suffix
! Main Verb
|-
! Simple
| -en
| conjugation
|-
! Perfect
| "to have"
| past participle
|-
! Progressive
| "to be"
| present participle
|-
! Habitual
| "to do"
| infinitive
|-
! Frequentative
| -eln, -ern
| conjugation
|-
! Inchoative
| "to begin"
| supine
|}
Future is generally expressed by giving a time, or is implied in context with the simple present tense. There are auxiliary verbs that are standard as well.
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 500px; "
! scope="col" style="width: 90px; text-align: center; "|Auxiliary verbs
! scope="col" style="width: 90px; text-align: center; "|Singular
! scope="col" style="width: 90px; text-align: center; "|Plural
|-
! style="text-align: center;"|First Person
| style="text-align: center;"|"I shall"
| style="text-align: center;"|"we shall"
|-
! style="text-align: center;"|Second Person
| style="text-align: center;"|"thou wilt"
| style="text-align: center;"|"ye will"
|-
! style="text-align: center;"|Third Person
| style="text-align: center;"|"he goes"
| style="text-align: center;"|"we go"
|}
The particle "nict" after the main verb negates the verb. The following table shows the conjugation of the verb fällen, a weak 1 class verb. The auxiliary verbs in the table are the verbs used with the participles to form two different aspects.
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width: 500px; "
!Weak
!Class 1
!To fell
!
|-
! rowspan="2" |Nonfinite
!Infinitive
!Gerund
!Supine
|-
|fällen
|fälling
|tofäll
|-
! colspan="4" |Adjectival
|-
!Participle
!Positive
!Negative
!Auxiliary
|-
!Active
|fällend
|nefällend
|"to be"
|-
!Passive
|gefälled
|unfälled
|"to have"
|-
!Mood
!Tense
!Singular
!Plural
|-
! rowspan="6" |Indicative
! rowspan="3" |Nonpast
| colspan="1" |fälle
| colspan="1" |a
|-
| colspan="1" |fällest
| colspan="1" |b
|-
| colspan="1" |fälleþ
| colspan="1" |c
|-
! rowspan="3" |Past
| colspan="1" |fälled
| colspan="1" |d
|-
|e
|f
|-
|g
|h
|-
! rowspan="2" |Subjunctive
!Nonpast
| colspan="1" |fälle
| colspan="1" |fällen
|-
!Past
| colspan="1" |fällde
| colspan="1" |fällden
|-
!Imperative
!Present
|fäll!
|fälleþ!
|-
|}

==Syntax==
===Comparisons===
Comparative forms use the particle "ðann" followed by the noun(s) being compared to. Depending on that noun's case will determine which noun is first making the comparison. These can imply drastically different meanings, for example:
*"He ate pie quicker than '''I'''" would yield "than I ate pie" (in this example the compared noun is in the nominative).
*"He ate pie quicker than '''me'''" would yield "than he ate me" (in this example the compared noun is in the accusative).

===Word Order===
The standard word order is SVO and is V2. Questions without interrogative pronouns(yes or no) have verb first and subject second.
Dependent clauses have this special word order: Subject - Indirect Object - Direct Object - Instrument - Verb.
Relative clauses have their own.
==Dictionary==
{{Kinship
|PaternalGrandMother=
|PaternalGrandFather=
|MaternalGrandMother=
|MaternalGrandFather=
|PaternalAuntsHusband=
|PaternalAunt=
|PaternalUnclesWife=
|PaternalUncle=
|Father=
|Mother=
|PaternalTwinUnclesWife=
|PaternalTwinUncle=
|PaternalYoungerUnclesWife=
|PaternalYoungerUncle=
|PaternalOlderUnclesWife=
|PaternalOlderUncle=
|PaternalTwinAuntsHusband=
|PaternalTwinAunt=
|PaternalYoungerAuntsHusband=
|PaternalYoungerAunt=
|PaternalOlderAuntsHusband=
|PaternalOlderAunt=
|MaternalTwinUnclesWife=
|MaternalTwinUncle=
|MaternalYoungerUnclesWife=
|MaternalYoungerUncle=
|MaternalOlderUnclesWife=
|MaternalOlderUncle=
|MaternalTwinAuntsHusband=
|MaternalTwinAunt=
|MaternalYoungerAuntsHusband=
|MaternalYoungerAunt=
|MaternalOlderAuntsHusband=
|MaternalOlderAunt=
|PaternalTwinUnclesSon=
|PaternalTwinUnclesDaughter=
|PaternalYoungerUnclesSon=
|PaternalYoungerUnclesDaughter=
|PaternalOlderUnclesSon=
|PaternalOlderUnclesDaughter=
|PaternalTwinAuntsSon=
|PaternalTwinAuntsDaughter=
|PaternalYoungerAuntsSon=
|PaternalYoungerAuntsDaughter=
|PaternalOlderAuntsSon=
|PaternalOlderAuntsDaughter=
|MaternalTwinUnclesSon=
|MaternalTwinUnclesDaughter=
|MaternalYoungerUnclesSon=
|MaternalYoungerUnclesDaughter=
|MaternalOlderUnclesSon=
|MaternalOlderUnclesDaughter=
|MaternalTwinAuntsSon=
|MaternalTwinAuntsDaughter=
|MaternalYoungerAuntsSon=
|MaternalYoungerAuntsDaughter=
|MaternalOlderAuntsSon=
|MaternalOlderAuntsDaughter=
|Sister=
|Self=
|Husband=
|Wife=
|LittleSister=
|TwinSister=
|BigSister=
|BigBrother=
|TwinBrother=
|LittleBrother=
|LittleSistersHusband=
|TwinSistersHusband=
|BigSistersHusband=
|BigBrothersWife=
|TwinBrothersWife=
|LittleBrothersWife=
|MaternalAuntsSon=
|MaternalAuntsDaughter=
|MaternalUnclesSon=
|MaternalUnclesDaughter=
|HusbandSon=
|HusbandDaughter=
|WifeSon=
|WifeDaughter=
|TwinSisterNiece=
|TwinSisterNephew=
|LittleSisterNiece=
|LittleSisterNephew=
|BigSisterNiece=
|BigSisterNephew=
|TwinBrotherNiece=
|TwinBrotherNephew=
|LittleBrotherNiece=
|LittleBrotherNephew=
|BigBrotherNiece=
|BigBrotherNephew=
}}

==Example texts==

[[Category:Languages]]
[[Category:Germanic]]
[[Category:Conlangs]]
[[Category:A posteriori]]
[[Category:Evonen languages]]
[[Category:Evonish]]
[[Category:Improvement]]
[[Category:Awesome]]

User talk:Ealdwimor

2013-07-02T05:13:38Z

OlySlayer: /* DA */ new section

Evonish

2013-06-30T17:27:27Z

OlySlayer: /* Verb */ I edited the wrong table rofl

'''Evonish''' is a [[w:Germanic languages|Germanic language]] of the Evonen language branch. It is based on [[w:General American pronunciation|General American phonology]] and uses grammar that descends far from Common Germanic, but in its own branch. The wordstock has many influences of [[w:Celtic languages|Celtic languages]], and has [[a priori]] features. The elder form is the runic Old Evonish, which was less standardized but had featured greater [[w:morphology|morphology]]. The two languages split on 25 May 2012 and will differentiate more over time. The objective of Evonish is to preserve old features of Germanic, preserve Celtic vocabulary, as well as eliminate any need for interpretation by context. ''Tables are horizontally flipped intentionally.''

{{ClassMeter
|Name = Evonish
|NativeName =
|Type = Fusional
|Alignment = Nominative-Accusative

|adjective = final
|adposition = final
|adverb = final
|article = final
|relativeclause = mixed
|nounclause = final
|order = SVO

|Tonal = No
|Declined = Yes
|Conjugated = Yes
|Genders = Common, Neuter
|NCase = yes
|NNumber = yes
|NDefiniteness = no
|NGender = yes
|VVoice = no
|VMood = yes
|VPerson = yes
|VNumber = yes
|VTense = yes
|VAspect = no

|Phonology=
|NounCases=
|NounDef=
|NounNumbers=
|NounGender=
|VerbPerson=
|VerbNumber=
|VerbAspect=
|VerbTense=
|VerbMood=
|VerbVoice=
|AdjCase= 0
|AdjNumber= 0
|AdjDef= 100
|AdjGen= 0
|AdjComparative= 100
|AdjSuperlative= 100
|Supine=
|Gerund=
|Participle= 100
|Infinitive= 100
|Modality=
|Words=}}
==Phonology==
===Allophony===
Aspiration is in free variation meaning it does not determine another phoneme. N is pronounced /ŋ/ before k or g. "Hr" which appears in the initial position of some words is pronounced /ɾ/, although it is oft mistakenly pronounced /hɹ/.
===Consonants===
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"
! scope="col" style="width: 66px; text-align: center; "|Bilabial
! scope="col" style="width: 66px; text-align: center; "|Labio-dental
! scope="col" style="width: 66px; text-align: center; "|Dental
! scope="col" style="width: 66px; text-align: center; "|Alveolar
! scope="col" style="width: 66px; text-align: center; "|Post-alveolar
! scope="col" style="width: 66px; text-align: center; "|Palatal
! scope="col" style="width: 66px; text-align: center; "|Labio-velar
! scope="col" style="width: 66px; text-align: center; "|Velar
! scope="col" style="width: 66px; text-align: center; "|Glottal
! scope="col" style="width: 66px; "|
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|m
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|n
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|(ŋ)
| style="text-align: center;"|
! style="text-align: center; "|Nasal
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|p b
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|t d
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|k g
| style="text-align: center;"|ʔ
! style="text-align: center; "|Plosive
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|f v
| style="text-align: center;"|θ ð
| style="text-align: center;"|s z
| style="text-align: center;"|ʃ ʒ
| style="text-align: center;"|ç
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|x
| style="text-align: center;"|h
! style="text-align: center; "|Fricative
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;" colspan="3"|ɹ
| style="text-align: center;"|j
| style="text-align: center;"|ʍ w
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
! style="text-align: center; "|Approximant
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;" colspan="3"|ɾ
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
! style="text-align: center; "|Flap/Tap
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|l
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
! style="text-align: center; "|Lateral
|}

===Vowels===
The following table includes the rhotic vowels as well.
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"
! scope="col" style="width: 90px; text-align: center; "|Front
! scope="col" style="width: 90px; text-align: center; "|Near-front
! scope="col" style="width: 90px; text-align: center; "|Central
! scope="col" style="width: 90px; text-align: center; "|Near-back
! scope="col" style="width: 90px; text-align: center; "|Back
! scope="col" style="width: 90px; "|
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|/i/
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|/u/
! style="text-align: center; "|Close
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|/ɪ/
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|/ʊ/
| style="text-align: center;"|
! style="text-align: center; "|Near-close
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|/e/, /e˞ː/
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|/o/
! style="text-align: center; "|Close-mid
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|/ə/
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
! style="text-align: center; "|Mid
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|/ɛ/, /ɛ˞ː/
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|/ɝː/
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|/ʌ/ '''·''' /ɔ/, /ɔ˞ː/
! style="text-align: center; "|Open-mid
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|/æ/
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
! style="text-align: center; "|Near-open
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|/ɑ/, /ɑ˞/
! style="text-align: center; "|Open
|}

===Palatalization===
This sound change creates related pairs of words with c, k, and x and is responsible for creating the /ʃ/ phoneme.

==Writing==
'''The writing system is from right to left.'''
===Alphabet===
The twenty-eight letter Evonish alphabet is a modified Latin alphabet that contains the following characters.
a, p b, c, j, t, d, þ, ð, e, f, v, k, g, h, i, y, l, m, n, o, r, s, z, u, ƕ, w, x.
See [[IPA for Evonish]] for the pronunciations of the letters. '''The following will be incorporated to the IPA page: *ar /ɑ˞/ (mark, dark)*er /ɛ˞ː/ (air, bear)*ir /e˞ː/ (deer, fear)*or /ɔ˞ː/ (or, cord)*ur /ɝː/ (fur, her)'''
===Diacritics===
Certain letters with the diaeresis will be used to express umlaut. The umlauts can be rewritten as the standard vowel with an e after. These can be entered with an international keyboard, or copied.
===Digraphs===
These represent further vowels otherwise impossible to write.
aa - /a/, ee - /e/, ii - /i/, oo - /o/, uu - /u/, yy - /ai/

==Pronouns==
Personal pronouns feature a combination of the Germanic, h-stem, i-stem, and s-stem in third person. The sole relative pronoun is [TBD].
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 500px; "
! scope="row"|Person
! scope="col"|Number
! scope="col"|Nominative
! scope="col"|Accusative
! scope="col"|Genitive
! scope="col"|Dative
|-
! rowspan="2" scope="row"|First
!Singular
|
|
|
|
|-
!Plural
|
|
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2"|Second
!Singular
|
|
|
|
|-
!Plural
|
|
|
|
|-
! rowspan="3"|Third
!Common
|
|
|
|
|-
!Neuter
|
|
|
|
|-
!Plural
|
|
|
|
|-
!Indefinite
!Reflexive
|
|
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2"|Interrogative
!Common
|
|
|
|
|-
!Neuter
|
|
|
|
|}

==Determiners==
The negative article is understood as indefinite; there is no negative definite article so the verb of the sentence is negated instead.

{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 500px; "
! rowspan="2" colspan="2"|Determiners
! colspan="3"|Article
! colspan="2"|Demonstrative
|-
!Definite
!Indefinite
!Negative
!Proximal
!Distal
|-
! rowspan="2"|Singular
!Common
| style="text-align: center; "|
| style="text-align: center; "|
| style="text-align: center; "|
| style="text-align: center; "|
| style="text-align: center; "|
|-
!Neuter
| style="text-align: center; "|
| style="text-align: center; "|
| style="text-align: center; "|
| style="text-align: center; "|
| style="text-align: center; "|
|-
! rowspan="2"|Plural
!Common
| style="text-align: center; "|
| style="text-align: center; "|
| style="text-align: center; "|
| style="text-align: center; "|
| style="text-align: center; "|
|-
!Neuter
| style="text-align: center; "|
| style="text-align: center; "|
| style="text-align: center; "|
| style="text-align: center; "|
| style="text-align: center; "|
|-
|}

==Morphology==
===Adjective===
Certain adjectives decline only in an attributive position; they do not in a predicative position. Cf. [[w:German language|German]] ''die schwarze Magd'' vs ''die Magd ist schwarz''. Some adjectives undergo umlaut, such as old, ölder, and öldest. Furthermore, there are many common affixes which form adjectives, whose list will be available in time.
* Comparative: -err
* Superlative: -est
===Umlaut===
Umlaut is a process that occured after Proto-Germanic. It has led to the vowel change of many words and often creates pairs of semantically and grammatically similar words.
Occurrences:
*Certain plurals of strong nouns
*Genitive and dative singular of some nouns
*Second and third person singular indicative of some verbs
*Comparatives and superlatives
*Derivative verbs (of nouns)
*Causative verbs
*Abstract nouns with the -þ suffix
*Nouns with the -enn feminine suffix
===Noun===
Old Evonish contained two more cases and three genders. Their declension depends upon case, gender, and number. Gender is a special factor in Evonish; a word does not determine a gender, rather a selected gender determines a different word. For example, a stone in common gender may be an igneous rock while a stone in neuter may be a sedimentary rock. The plural genitive ending is used in compound words much like kennings.

{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 500px; "
! colspan="2"|Class I
!Nominative
!Accusative
!Genitive
!Dative
|-
! rowspan="2"|Singular
!Common
|
|
|
|
|-
!Neuter
|
|
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2"|Plural
!Common
|
|
|
|
|-
!Neuter
|
|
|
|
|-
! colspan="2"|Class I
!Nominative
!Accusative
!Genitive
!Dative
|-
! rowspan="2"|Singular
!Common
|
|
|
|
|-
!Neuter
|
|
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2"|Plural
!Common
|
|
|
|
|-
!Neuter
|
|
|
|
|-
|}
===Verb===
Verbs or verb forms in quotes are either an English equivalent or a work in progress. The infinitives of the frequentative aspects are -eln and -ern. The infinitive form in Evonish is the lemma form of the verb, meaning it is the one used in dictionaries. The primary aspects are simple, perfect, progressive, habitual, and frequentative. Simple aspect is used for:
*Stative verbs
*Gnomic aspect
*Near future
Further aspects are formed by nonstandard ways or purely by context.
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 500px"
|-
! Aspects
! Auxiliary/Suffix
! Main Verb
|-
! Simple
| -en
| conjugation
|-
! Perfect
| "to have"
| past participle
|-
! Progressive
| "to be"
| present participle
|-
! Habitual
| "to do"
| infinitive
|-
! Frequentative
| -eln, -ern
| conjugation
|-
! Inchoative
| "to begin"
| supine
|}
Future is generally expressed by giving a time, or is implied in context with the simple present tense. There are auxiliary verbs that are standard as well.
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 500px; "
! scope="col" style="width: 90px; text-align: center; "|Auxiliary verbs
! scope="col" style="width: 90px; text-align: center; "|Singular
! scope="col" style="width: 90px; text-align: center; "|Plural
|-
! style="text-align: center;"|First Person
| style="text-align: center;"|"I shall"
| style="text-align: center;"|"we shall"
|-
! style="text-align: center;"|Second Person
| style="text-align: center;"|"thou wilt"
| style="text-align: center;"|"ye will"
|-
! style="text-align: center;"|Third Person
| style="text-align: center;"|"he goes"
| style="text-align: center;"|"we go"
|}
The particle "nict" after the main verb negates the verb. The following table shows the conjugation of the verb fällen, a weak 1 class verb. The auxiliary verbs in the table are the verbs used with the participles to form two different aspects.
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width: 500px; "
!Weak
!Class 1
!To fell
!
|-
! rowspan="2" |Nonfinite
!Infinitive
!Gerund
!Supine
|-
|fällen
|fälling
|tofäll
|-
! colspan="4" |Adjectival
|-
!Participle
!Positive
!Negative
!Auxiliary
|-
!Active
|fällend
|nefällend
|"to be"
|-
!Passive
|gefälled
|unfälled
|"to have"
|-
!Mood
!Tense
!Singular
!Plural
|-
! rowspan="6" |Indicative
! rowspan="3" |Nonpast
| colspan="1" |fälle
| colspan="1" |a
|-
| colspan="1" |fällest
| colspan="1" |b
|-
| colspan="1" |fälleþ
| colspan="1" |c
|-
! rowspan="3" |Past
| colspan="1" |fälled
| colspan="1" |d
|-
|e
|f
|-
|g
|h
|-
! rowspan="2" |Subjunctive
!Nonpast
| colspan="1" |fälle
| colspan="1" |fällen
|-
!Past
| colspan="1" |fällde
| colspan="1" |fällden
|-
!Imperative
!Present
|fäll!
|fälleþ!
|-
|}

==Syntax==
===Comparisons===
Comparative forms use the particle "ðann" followed by the noun(s) being compared to. Depending on that noun's case will determine which noun is first making the comparison. These can imply drastically different meanings, for example:
*"He ate pie quicker than '''I'''" would yield "than I ate pie" (in this example the compared noun is in the nominative).
*"He ate pie quicker than '''me'''" would yield "than he ate me" (in this example the compared noun is in the accusative).

===Word Order===
The standard word order is SVO and is V2. Questions without interrogative pronouns(yes or no) have verb first and subject second.
Dependent clauses have this special word order: Subject - Indirect Object - Direct Object - Instrument - Verb.
Relative clauses have their own.
==Dictionary==
{{Kinship
|PaternalGrandMother=
|PaternalGrandFather=
|MaternalGrandMother=
|MaternalGrandFather=
|PaternalAuntsHusband=
|PaternalAunt=
|PaternalUnclesWife=
|PaternalUncle=
|Father=
|Mother=
|PaternalTwinUnclesWife=
|PaternalTwinUncle=
|PaternalYoungerUnclesWife=
|PaternalYoungerUncle=
|PaternalOlderUnclesWife=
|PaternalOlderUncle=
|PaternalTwinAuntsHusband=
|PaternalTwinAunt=
|PaternalYoungerAuntsHusband=
|PaternalYoungerAunt=
|PaternalOlderAuntsHusband=
|PaternalOlderAunt=
|MaternalTwinUnclesWife=
|MaternalTwinUncle=
|MaternalYoungerUnclesWife=
|MaternalYoungerUncle=
|MaternalOlderUnclesWife=
|MaternalOlderUncle=
|MaternalTwinAuntsHusband=
|MaternalTwinAunt=
|MaternalYoungerAuntsHusband=
|MaternalYoungerAunt=
|MaternalOlderAuntsHusband=
|MaternalOlderAunt=
|PaternalTwinUnclesSon=
|PaternalTwinUnclesDaughter=
|PaternalYoungerUnclesSon=
|PaternalYoungerUnclesDaughter=
|PaternalOlderUnclesSon=
|PaternalOlderUnclesDaughter=
|PaternalTwinAuntsSon=
|PaternalTwinAuntsDaughter=
|PaternalYoungerAuntsSon=
|PaternalYoungerAuntsDaughter=
|PaternalOlderAuntsSon=
|PaternalOlderAuntsDaughter=
|MaternalTwinUnclesSon=
|MaternalTwinUnclesDaughter=
|MaternalYoungerUnclesSon=
|MaternalYoungerUnclesDaughter=
|MaternalOlderUnclesSon=
|MaternalOlderUnclesDaughter=
|MaternalTwinAuntsSon=
|MaternalTwinAuntsDaughter=
|MaternalYoungerAuntsSon=
|MaternalYoungerAuntsDaughter=
|MaternalOlderAuntsSon=
|MaternalOlderAuntsDaughter=
|Sister=
|Self=
|Husband=
|Wife=
|LittleSister=
|TwinSister=
|BigSister=
|BigBrother=
|TwinBrother=
|LittleBrother=
|LittleSistersHusband=
|TwinSistersHusband=
|BigSistersHusband=
|BigBrothersWife=
|TwinBrothersWife=
|LittleBrothersWife=
|MaternalAuntsSon=
|MaternalAuntsDaughter=
|MaternalUnclesSon=
|MaternalUnclesDaughter=
|HusbandSon=
|HusbandDaughter=
|WifeSon=
|WifeDaughter=
|TwinSisterNiece=
|TwinSisterNephew=
|LittleSisterNiece=
|LittleSisterNephew=
|BigSisterNiece=
|BigSisterNephew=
|TwinBrotherNiece=
|TwinBrotherNephew=
|LittleBrotherNiece=
|LittleBrotherNephew=
|BigBrotherNiece=
|BigBrotherNephew=
}}

==Example texts==

[[Category:Languages]]
[[Category:Germanic]]
[[Category:Conlangs]]
[[Category:A posteriori]]
[[Category:Evonen languages]]
[[Category:Evonish]]
[[Category:Improvement]]
[[Category:Awesome]]

Evonish

2013-06-30T17:26:12Z

OlySlayer: /* Verb */ pl0x werk

'''Evonish''' is a [[w:Germanic languages|Germanic language]] of the Evonen language branch. It is based on [[w:General American pronunciation|General American phonology]] and uses grammar that descends far from Common Germanic, but in its own branch. The wordstock has many influences of [[w:Celtic languages|Celtic languages]], and has [[a priori]] features. The elder form is the runic Old Evonish, which was less standardized but had featured greater [[w:morphology|morphology]]. The two languages split on 25 May 2012 and will differentiate more over time. The objective of Evonish is to preserve old features of Germanic, preserve Celtic vocabulary, as well as eliminate any need for interpretation by context. ''Tables are horizontally flipped intentionally.''

{{ClassMeter
|Name = Evonish
|NativeName =
|Type = Fusional
|Alignment = Nominative-Accusative

|adjective = final
|adposition = final
|adverb = final
|article = final
|relativeclause = mixed
|nounclause = final
|order = SVO

|Tonal = No
|Declined = Yes
|Conjugated = Yes
|Genders = Common, Neuter
|NCase = yes
|NNumber = yes
|NDefiniteness = no
|NGender = yes
|VVoice = no
|VMood = yes
|VPerson = yes
|VNumber = yes
|VTense = yes
|VAspect = no

|Phonology=
|NounCases=
|NounDef=
|NounNumbers=
|NounGender=
|VerbPerson=
|VerbNumber=
|VerbAspect=
|VerbTense=
|VerbMood=
|VerbVoice=
|AdjCase= 0
|AdjNumber= 0
|AdjDef= 100
|AdjGen= 0
|AdjComparative= 100
|AdjSuperlative= 100
|Supine=
|Gerund=
|Participle= 100
|Infinitive= 100
|Modality=
|Words=}}
==Phonology==
===Allophony===
Aspiration is in free variation meaning it does not determine another phoneme. N is pronounced /ŋ/ before k or g. "Hr" which appears in the initial position of some words is pronounced /ɾ/, although it is oft mistakenly pronounced /hɹ/.
===Consonants===
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"
! scope="col" style="width: 66px; text-align: center; "|Bilabial
! scope="col" style="width: 66px; text-align: center; "|Labio-dental
! scope="col" style="width: 66px; text-align: center; "|Dental
! scope="col" style="width: 66px; text-align: center; "|Alveolar
! scope="col" style="width: 66px; text-align: center; "|Post-alveolar
! scope="col" style="width: 66px; text-align: center; "|Palatal
! scope="col" style="width: 66px; text-align: center; "|Labio-velar
! scope="col" style="width: 66px; text-align: center; "|Velar
! scope="col" style="width: 66px; text-align: center; "|Glottal
! scope="col" style="width: 66px; "|
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|m
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|n
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|(ŋ)
| style="text-align: center;"|
! style="text-align: center; "|Nasal
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|p b
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|t d
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|k g
| style="text-align: center;"|ʔ
! style="text-align: center; "|Plosive
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|f v
| style="text-align: center;"|θ ð
| style="text-align: center;"|s z
| style="text-align: center;"|ʃ ʒ
| style="text-align: center;"|ç
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|x
| style="text-align: center;"|h
! style="text-align: center; "|Fricative
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;" colspan="3"|ɹ
| style="text-align: center;"|j
| style="text-align: center;"|ʍ w
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
! style="text-align: center; "|Approximant
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;" colspan="3"|ɾ
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
! style="text-align: center; "|Flap/Tap
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|l
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
! style="text-align: center; "|Lateral
|}

===Vowels===
The following table includes the rhotic vowels as well.
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"
! scope="col" style="width: 90px; text-align: center; "|Front
! scope="col" style="width: 90px; text-align: center; "|Near-front
! scope="col" style="width: 90px; text-align: center; "|Central
! scope="col" style="width: 90px; text-align: center; "|Near-back
! scope="col" style="width: 90px; text-align: center; "|Back
! scope="col" style="width: 90px; "|
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|/i/
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|/u/
! style="text-align: center; "|Close
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|/ɪ/
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|/ʊ/
| style="text-align: center;"|
! style="text-align: center; "|Near-close
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|/e/, /e˞ː/
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|/o/
! style="text-align: center; "|Close-mid
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|/ə/
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
! style="text-align: center; "|Mid
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|/ɛ/, /ɛ˞ː/
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|/ɝː/
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|/ʌ/ '''·''' /ɔ/, /ɔ˞ː/
! style="text-align: center; "|Open-mid
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|/æ/
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
! style="text-align: center; "|Near-open
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|/ɑ/, /ɑ˞/
! style="text-align: center; "|Open
|}

===Palatalization===
This sound change creates related pairs of words with c, k, and x and is responsible for creating the /ʃ/ phoneme.

==Writing==
'''The writing system is from right to left.'''
===Alphabet===
The twenty-eight letter Evonish alphabet is a modified Latin alphabet that contains the following characters.
a, p b, c, j, t, d, þ, ð, e, f, v, k, g, h, i, y, l, m, n, o, r, s, z, u, ƕ, w, x.
See [[IPA for Evonish]] for the pronunciations of the letters. '''The following will be incorporated to the IPA page: *ar /ɑ˞/ (mark, dark)*er /ɛ˞ː/ (air, bear)*ir /e˞ː/ (deer, fear)*or /ɔ˞ː/ (or, cord)*ur /ɝː/ (fur, her)'''
===Diacritics===
Certain letters with the diaeresis will be used to express umlaut. The umlauts can be rewritten as the standard vowel with an e after. These can be entered with an international keyboard, or copied.
===Digraphs===
These represent further vowels otherwise impossible to write.
aa - /a/, ee - /e/, ii - /i/, oo - /o/, uu - /u/, yy - /ai/

==Pronouns==
Personal pronouns feature a combination of the Germanic, h-stem, i-stem, and s-stem in third person. The sole relative pronoun is [TBD].
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 500px; "
! scope="row"|Person
! scope="col"|Number
! scope="col"|Nominative
! scope="col"|Accusative
! scope="col"|Genitive
! scope="col"|Dative
|-
! rowspan="2" scope="row"|First
!Singular
|
|
|
|
|-
!Plural
|
|
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2"|Second
!Singular
|
|
|
|
|-
!Plural
|
|
|
|
|-
! rowspan="3"|Third
!Common
|
|
|
|
|-
!Neuter
|
|
|
|
|-
!Plural
|
|
|
|
|-
!Indefinite
!Reflexive
|
|
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2"|Interrogative
!Common
|
|
|
|
|-
!Neuter
|
|
|
|
|}

==Determiners==
The negative article is understood as indefinite; there is no negative definite article so the verb of the sentence is negated instead.

{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 500px; "
! rowspan="2" colspan="2"|Determiners
! colspan="3"|Article
! colspan="2"|Demonstrative
|-
!Definite
!Indefinite
!Negative
!Proximal
!Distal
|-
! rowspan="2"|Singular
!Common
| style="text-align: center; "|
| style="text-align: center; "|
| style="text-align: center; "|
| style="text-align: center; "|
| style="text-align: center; "|
|-
!Neuter
| style="text-align: center; "|
| style="text-align: center; "|
| style="text-align: center; "|
| style="text-align: center; "|
| style="text-align: center; "|
|-
! rowspan="2"|Plural
!Common
| style="text-align: center; "|
| style="text-align: center; "|
| style="text-align: center; "|
| style="text-align: center; "|
| style="text-align: center; "|
|-
!Neuter
| style="text-align: center; "|
| style="text-align: center; "|
| style="text-align: center; "|
| style="text-align: center; "|
| style="text-align: center; "|
|-
|}

==Morphology==
===Adjective===
Certain adjectives decline only in an attributive position; they do not in a predicative position. Cf. [[w:German language|German]] ''die schwarze Magd'' vs ''die Magd ist schwarz''. Some adjectives undergo umlaut, such as old, ölder, and öldest. Furthermore, there are many common affixes which form adjectives, whose list will be available in time.
* Comparative: -err
* Superlative: -est
===Umlaut===
Umlaut is a process that occured after Proto-Germanic. It has led to the vowel change of many words and often creates pairs of semantically and grammatically similar words.
Occurrences:
*Certain plurals of strong nouns
*Genitive and dative singular of some nouns
*Second and third person singular indicative of some verbs
*Comparatives and superlatives
*Derivative verbs (of nouns)
*Causative verbs
*Abstract nouns with the -þ suffix
*Nouns with the -enn feminine suffix
===Noun===
Old Evonish contained two more cases and three genders. Their declension depends upon case, gender, and number. Gender is a special factor in Evonish; a word does not determine a gender, rather a selected gender determines a different word. For example, a stone in common gender may be an igneous rock while a stone in neuter may be a sedimentary rock. The plural genitive ending is used in compound words much like kennings.

{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 500px; "
! colspan="2"|Class I
!Nominative
!Accusative
!Genitive
!Dative
|-
! rowspan="2"|Singular
!Common
|
|
|
|
|-
!Neuter
|
|
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2"|Plural
!Common
|
|
|
|
|-
!Neuter
|
|
|
|
|-
! colspan="2"|Class I
!Nominative
!Accusative
!Genitive
!Dative
|-
! rowspan="2"|Singular
!Common
|
|
|
|
|-
!Neuter
|
|
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2"|Plural
!Common
|
|
|
|
|-
!Neuter
|
|
|
|
|-
|}
===Verb===
Verbs or verb forms in quotes are either an English equivalent or a work in progress. The infinitives of the frequentative aspects are -eln and -ern. The infinitive form in Evonish is the lemma form of the verb, meaning it is the one used in dictionaries. The primary aspects are simple, perfect, progressive, habitual, and frequentative. Simple aspect is used for:
*Stative verbs
*Gnomic aspect
*Near future
Further aspects are formed by nonstandard ways or purely by context.
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width: 500px"
|-
! Aspects
! Auxiliary/Suffix
! Main Verb
|-
! Simple
| -en
| conjugation
|-
! Perfect
| "to have"
| past participle
|-
! Progressive
| "to be"
| present participle
|-
! Habitual
| "to do"
| infinitive
|-
! Frequentative
| -eln, -ern
| conjugation
|-
! Inchoative
| "to begin"
| supine
|}
Future is generally expressed by giving a time, or is implied in context with the simple present tense. There are auxiliary verbs that are standard as well.
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width: 500px; "
! scope="col" style="width: 90px; text-align: center; "|Auxiliary verbs
! scope="col" style="width: 90px; text-align: center; "|Singular
! scope="col" style="width: 90px; text-align: center; "|Plural
|-
! style="text-align: center;"|First Person
| style="text-align: center;"|"I shall"
| style="text-align: center;"|"we shall"
|-
! style="text-align: center;"|Second Person
| style="text-align: center;"|"thou wilt"
| style="text-align: center;"|"ye will"
|-
! style="text-align: center;"|Third Person
| style="text-align: center;"|"he goes"
| style="text-align: center;"|"we go"
|}
The particle "nict" after the main verb negates the verb. The following table shows the conjugation of the verb fällen, a weak 1 class verb. The auxiliary verbs in the table are the verbs used with the participles to form two different aspects.
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 500px; mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"
!Weak
!Class 1
!To fell
!
|-
! rowspan="2" |Nonfinite
!Infinitive
!Gerund
!Supine
|-
|fällen
|fälling
|tofäll
|-
! colspan="4" |Adjectival
|-
!Participle
!Positive
!Negative
!Auxiliary
|-
!Active
|fällend
|nefällend
|"to be"
|-
!Passive
|gefälled
|unfälled
|"to have"
|-
!Mood
!Tense
!Singular
!Plural
|-
! rowspan="6" |Indicative
! rowspan="3" |Nonpast
| colspan="1" |fälle
| colspan="1" |a
|-
| colspan="1" |fällest
| colspan="1" |b
|-
| colspan="1" |fälleþ
| colspan="1" |c
|-
! rowspan="3" |Past
| colspan="1" |fälled
| colspan="1" |d
|-
|e
|f
|-
|g
|h
|-
! rowspan="2" |Subjunctive
!Nonpast
| colspan="1" |fälle
| colspan="1" |fällen
|-
!Past
| colspan="1" |fällde
| colspan="1" |fällden
|-
!Imperative
!Present
|fäll!
|fälleþ!
|-
|}

==Syntax==
===Comparisons===
Comparative forms use the particle "ðann" followed by the noun(s) being compared to. Depending on that noun's case will determine which noun is first making the comparison. These can imply drastically different meanings, for example:
*"He ate pie quicker than '''I'''" would yield "than I ate pie" (in this example the compared noun is in the nominative).
*"He ate pie quicker than '''me'''" would yield "than he ate me" (in this example the compared noun is in the accusative).

===Word Order===
The standard word order is SVO and is V2. Questions without interrogative pronouns(yes or no) have verb first and subject second.
Dependent clauses have this special word order: Subject - Indirect Object - Direct Object - Instrument - Verb.
Relative clauses have their own.
==Dictionary==
{{Kinship
|PaternalGrandMother=
|PaternalGrandFather=
|MaternalGrandMother=
|MaternalGrandFather=
|PaternalAuntsHusband=
|PaternalAunt=
|PaternalUnclesWife=
|PaternalUncle=
|Father=
|Mother=
|PaternalTwinUnclesWife=
|PaternalTwinUncle=
|PaternalYoungerUnclesWife=
|PaternalYoungerUncle=
|PaternalOlderUnclesWife=
|PaternalOlderUncle=
|PaternalTwinAuntsHusband=
|PaternalTwinAunt=
|PaternalYoungerAuntsHusband=
|PaternalYoungerAunt=
|PaternalOlderAuntsHusband=
|PaternalOlderAunt=
|MaternalTwinUnclesWife=
|MaternalTwinUncle=
|MaternalYoungerUnclesWife=
|MaternalYoungerUncle=
|MaternalOlderUnclesWife=
|MaternalOlderUncle=
|MaternalTwinAuntsHusband=
|MaternalTwinAunt=
|MaternalYoungerAuntsHusband=
|MaternalYoungerAunt=
|MaternalOlderAuntsHusband=
|MaternalOlderAunt=
|PaternalTwinUnclesSon=
|PaternalTwinUnclesDaughter=
|PaternalYoungerUnclesSon=
|PaternalYoungerUnclesDaughter=
|PaternalOlderUnclesSon=
|PaternalOlderUnclesDaughter=
|PaternalTwinAuntsSon=
|PaternalTwinAuntsDaughter=
|PaternalYoungerAuntsSon=
|PaternalYoungerAuntsDaughter=
|PaternalOlderAuntsSon=
|PaternalOlderAuntsDaughter=
|MaternalTwinUnclesSon=
|MaternalTwinUnclesDaughter=
|MaternalYoungerUnclesSon=
|MaternalYoungerUnclesDaughter=
|MaternalOlderUnclesSon=
|MaternalOlderUnclesDaughter=
|MaternalTwinAuntsSon=
|MaternalTwinAuntsDaughter=
|MaternalYoungerAuntsSon=
|MaternalYoungerAuntsDaughter=
|MaternalOlderAuntsSon=
|MaternalOlderAuntsDaughter=
|Sister=
|Self=
|Husband=
|Wife=
|LittleSister=
|TwinSister=
|BigSister=
|BigBrother=
|TwinBrother=
|LittleBrother=
|LittleSistersHusband=
|TwinSistersHusband=
|BigSistersHusband=
|BigBrothersWife=
|TwinBrothersWife=
|LittleBrothersWife=
|MaternalAuntsSon=
|MaternalAuntsDaughter=
|MaternalUnclesSon=
|MaternalUnclesDaughter=
|HusbandSon=
|HusbandDaughter=
|WifeSon=
|WifeDaughter=
|TwinSisterNiece=
|TwinSisterNephew=
|LittleSisterNiece=
|LittleSisterNephew=
|BigSisterNiece=
|BigSisterNephew=
|TwinBrotherNiece=
|TwinBrotherNephew=
|LittleBrotherNiece=
|LittleBrotherNephew=
|BigBrotherNiece=
|BigBrotherNephew=
}}

==Example texts==

[[Category:Languages]]
[[Category:Germanic]]
[[Category:Conlangs]]
[[Category:A posteriori]]
[[Category:Evonen languages]]
[[Category:Evonish]]
[[Category:Improvement]]
[[Category:Awesome]]

User talk:Waahlis

2013-06-30T17:11:17Z

OlySlayer: /* Expand */ forgot to sign, the irony

<div style="float: right; max-width: 200px; font-size: 88%; line-height: 150%; margin-top: -1em; margin-left: 1em; margin-bottom: 1em;">__TOC__</div>
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<div style="font-size: 20pt; text-align: center; color: #3366BB; margin-top: 0.3em; margin-bottom: 0.3em;">'''προειδοποίηση!'''</div>

* If you leave a message here, I will reply '''here'''.
* If I left you a message, I will reply on your '''[[Special:MyTalk|talk page]]'''.
* '''Sign''' your post with four tildes (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>)
* Keep your title '''short'''. Alternatively '''funny'''.
* You leave messages in any language you see fit; that is, languages I have a chance at understanding.

<div style="margin-top: 1em; padding-top: 0.3em; font-size: 80%; border-top: 1px solid #3E3E3E;">'''Archives''' [[User talk:Waahlis/1|1]] · [[User talk:Waahlis/2|2]] · [[User talk:Waahlis/3|3]] · [[User talk:Waahlis/4|4]] · [[User talk:Waahlis/5|5]]</div></div>

=='''AntiSpamHQ'''==
And since this appears to be the Anti-Spambot Combat HQ I thought I'd update you guys with some details regarding our new captcha system. It's practically infinitely extensible as it consists of asking people to answer a simple question when they register. If one question is cracked, we can add new ones. I'm also looking into some tools that let you limit the allowed usernames on site (I'd guess eliminating numbers from usernames would result in a lot less spambots) while being only a mild, if any, inconvenience to any real user. [[File:Admin.png|35px|link=Linguifex:Administrators]] '''[[User talk:Chrysophylax|Chrysophylax]]''' 09:01, 26 April 2013 (CEST)

Remove the numbers, we just got one again [[File:Zelos.png|35px|link=Linguifex:Administrators]] '''[[User Talk:EmperorZelos|Emperor Zelos]]''' 13:22, 26 April 2013 (CEST)

Didn't work, add more questions, many more. May I suggest somes? ----(Zelos)

No, it appears it didn't. :/ What is your current question, Chrys? [[File:Waahlis.png|35px|link=Linguifex:Administrators]] '''[[User talk:Waahlis|Waahlis]]''' 20:01, 26 April 2013 (CEST)

"Type in the word, glottalstop" [[File:Zelos.png|35px|link=Linguifex:Administrators]] '''[[User Talk:EmperorZelos|Emperor Zelos]]''' 17:25, 28 April 2013 (CEST)

:I suspect we're being targeted by spambots with manual regs, i.e. they outsource questions/captchas to people that speak English,who for a pittance of cash answer them, and then bots go apeshit with spamming. Sigh. At least I think we're past the auto-reg bots. As can be seen from the registration times this has slowed down a tad.

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::05:13, 29 April 2013 Zld3k945 (Talk | contribs | block) created a user account

:It's no longer five accounts on the exact same minute. Anyhow, looking into account approval extension. [[File:Admin.png|35px|link=Linguifex:Administrators]] '''[[User talk:Chrysophylax|Chrysophylax]]''' 20:34, 29 April 2013 (CEST)

I don't see why they would target us, tehre is not enough traffic to really justify it. [[File:Zelos.png|35px|link=Linguifex:Administrators]] '''[[User Talk:EmperorZelos|Emperor Zelos]]''' 06:24, 30 April 2013 (CEST)

I don't think they base their targets on traffic. They just want more links to their pages, doesn't matter how. The registration system worked fine though, having inaugurated it myself! [[File:Waahlis.png|35px|link=Linguifex:Administrators]] '''[[User talk:Waahlis|Waahlis]]''' 12:04, 1 May 2013 (CEST)

==Language de qualité==

Y-at-il un projet pour faire revivre le "langage de qualité"? Ou quelque chose comme un "défi à traduire"? Je suis passé par CALS et j'ai traduit près que tous leur challenge, mais ça commence à me faire ennuyer.

De plus, pourriez-vous regardez et faire critique de Fén Ghír comme vous avez fait avec Umbrean?

- --[[User:Fauxlosophe|Fauxlosophe]] ([[User talk:Fauxlosophe|talk]]) 04:59, 5 May 2013 (CEST)

Mais ouis, nous seulement devons contrôler les règles et la procédure! J'ai importé quelque [[:Category:Translations|textes]].

Bien sure, si tu voudrais. Mais je suis très franc! [[File:Waahlis.png|35px|link=Linguifex:Administrators]] '''[[User talk:Waahlis|Waahlis]]''' 12:48, 5 May 2013 (CEST)

Ah, très bien. Je les ferai bientôt.

Mais, je sais pas comment vous pourriez me offenser. À mon avis, ma page a l'air de manque quelque chose et je veux seulement savoir quoi.

Et merci pour en commencer avec les nominations pour langage de qualité,

--[[User:Fauxlosophe|Fauxlosophe]] ([[User talk:Fauxlosophe|talk]]) 21:59, 5 May 2013 (CEST)

Ne t'inquiète pas, je n'ai pas l'intention de t'offenser! Et de rien. Je vais commencer une suggestion concernant les traductions bientôt. [[File:Waahlis.png|35px|link=Linguifex:Administrators]] '''[[User talk:Waahlis|Waahlis]]''' 17:38, 6 May 2013 (CEST)

Ah, I'm worried my meaning might have gotten lost in the translation; I meant to say "I don't know how I could be offended by it"; judging by how you looked over Zelos' page, your criticism seems concise and constructive so honesty is an asset. I posted the request after doing some major page repairs and I have a couple other fixes in mind so I'm not overly attached to any terminology or the lay out particularly. Judging by the above and a mention in the forums, I suspect you're going to suggest adding a Liepzig gloss? I've looked over the manual again earlier and will be free to add one to the example phases soon.

Thanks for adding my translation to the mainpage,

--[[User:Fauxlosophe|Fauxlosophe]] ([[User talk:Fauxlosophe|talk]]) 22:06, 6 May 2013 (CEST)

== Featuredlang ==

Think it is time for it?

[[File:Zelos.png|35px|link=Linguifex:Administrators]] '''[[User Talk:EmperorZelos|Emperor Zelos]]''' 13:26, 5 May 2013 (CEST)

I think we'll never get to it if don't start. You get things done by working on them coninuously.

Let's do this! [[File:Waahlis.png|35px|link=Linguifex:Administrators]] '''[[User talk:Waahlis|Waahlis]]''' 13:28, 5 May 2013 (CEST)

LET'S ROCK AND ROOOOOLL! [[File:Zelos.png|35px|link=Linguifex:Administrators]] '''[[User Talk:EmperorZelos|Emperor Zelos]]''' 15:55, 5 May 2013 (CEST)

== Translated Mainpage ==

Hey, I saw the blank conlang translations at the bottom of the Mainpage and I took some initiative with my own, which is completed [except for the content of bars] [[Main_Page/Fén_Ghír| here]].

Could you put it up for me?

-[[User:Fauxlosophe|Fauxlosophe]] ([[User talk:Fauxlosophe|talk]]) 04:27, 6 May 2013 (CEST)

Absolutely. Just a second. [[File:Waahlis.png|35px|link=Linguifex:Administrators]] '''[[User talk:Waahlis|Waahlis]]''' 18:38, 6 May 2013 (CEST)

== Nomination ==

Hej, hur mår du? Allt bra? Jag hoppas det :) Jag skriver till dig för att säga att jag har översatt "bannern". Hur kan jag infoga den i voterigens sida? Min översättning finns i "Aarlaansk-sidan". Tack så mycket :) [[File:Llyn.png|35px|link=User:Llyn]] '''[[User talk:Llyn|Llyn]]''' 16:49, 06 May 2013 (CET)

Jag mår utmärkt, tackar som frågar! Själv? Bra, jag har flyttat översättningen till forumsidan. Och vi säger bara "votering" om det rör en votering i riksdagen. Annars är det en "omröstning". :) Prego! [[File:Waahlis.png|35px|link=Linguifex:Administrators]] '''[[User talk:Waahlis|Waahlis]]''' 17:30, 6 May 2013 (CEST)

Tack för korrigeringen, nu har du lärt mig en ny sak på svenska. Jag studerar mycket, eftersom jag måste göra Swedex-tentan den 3:e i juni :)
Du är alltid jättesnäll med mig, "en riktig riddare" (säger man här i Italien) :) Hej så länge! [[File:Llyn.png|35px|link=User:Llyn]] '''[[User talk:Llyn|Llyn]]''' 19:52, 06 May 2013 (CET)

Tack så mycket! Detsamma! :) Och jag läste vad du skrev innan din ändring i meddelandet, och vi får väl se...! Lycka till! Jag vet ju inte vad Swedex går ut på, men du klarar det säkert galant!

[[File:Waahlis.png|35px|link=Linguifex:Administrators]] '''[[User talk:Waahlis|Waahlis]]''' 10:55, 11 May 2013 (CEST)

P.S. Snäll "mot" ;) D.S

Tack så mycket :) Jag hoppas det också :) Jag ska låta dig veta :) [[File:Llyn.png|35px|link=User:Llyn]] '''[[User talk:Llyn|Llyn]]''' 14:35, 11 May 2013 (CET)

== Discussion ==

Hey Wallstreet, how about we great a discussion between two people to give something to translate? [[File:Zelos.png|35px|link=Linguifex:Administrators]] '''[[User Talk:EmperorZelos|Emperor Zelos]]''' 15:32, 7 May 2013 (CEST)

Sounds like an interesting idea. Maybe on dA, if so? Bit easier to communicate. [[File:Waahlis.png|35px|link=Linguifex:Administrators]] '''[[User talk:Waahlis|Waahlis]]''' 10:56, 11 May 2013 (CEST)

==FeaturedLang==

Glad to know you guys are finally doing this! I think it'll help everyone (me included) to get fired up and do some conlanging. Heck yes. [[User:Newrhotic|Newrhotic]] ([[User talk:Newrhotic|talk]]) 00:18, 10 May 2013 (CEST)

Glad you agree! Yes, we need to get kicking around here! It's not all done, but it will be in the end! Don't forget to vote or nominate! [[File:Waahlis.png|35px|link=Linguifex:Administrators]] '''[[User talk:Waahlis|Waahlis]]''' 10:57, 11 May 2013 (CEST)

== Examples ==

[[Umbrean/Examples]]

Whatcha think? [[File:Zelos.png|35px|link=Linguifex:Administrators]] '''[[User Talk:EmperorZelos|Emperor Zelos]]''' 18:52, 10 May 2013 (CEST)

That looks excellent! Although I would recommend you to format the Umbrean text and the English one differently. Umbrean in bold, for example. I trust they are to be inserted on the Umbrean page? [[File:Waahlis.png|35px|link=Linguifex:Administrators]] '''[[User talk:Waahlis|Waahlis]]''' 10:58, 11 May 2013 (CEST)

Linked, not inserted. It gets ugly if you ask me. [[File:Zelos.png|35px|link=Linguifex:Administrators]] '''[[User Talk:EmperorZelos|Emperor Zelos]]''' 11:49, 11 May 2013 (CEST)

Hmmm... I disagree... As you probably know...! :P [[File:Waahlis.png|35px|link=Linguifex:Administrators]] '''[[User talk:Waahlis|Waahlis]]''' 14:28, 11 May 2013 (CEST)

I know :P But I am a seperatist, I prefre having shit seperated and neatly, grammar on one page, examples on another [[File:Zelos.png|35px|link=Linguifex:Administrators]] '''[[User Talk:EmperorZelos|Emperor Zelos]]''' 17:24, 11 May 2013 (CEST)

== Little favor ==

Hi Waahlis, could you do me a little favor and have a look at [[User:Dē Graut Bʉr/Prufzytī|this page]]? My knowledge of linguistics is rather poor, so I'm not sure how those forms are called in English. [[User:Dē Graut Bʉr|Dē Graut Bʉr]] ([[User talk:Dē Graut Bʉr|talk]]) 11:32, 11 May 2013 (CEST)

Of course, doing favours is why I'm here!

Let's see, you're Dutch, right? What would you call them in your native language? I'll see if I can translate first:
* Bassform: ''Dē jaggter '''sgit''' dē konin.'' - The hunter shoots the rabbit. - '''Present tense'''
* Trʉgtytform: ''Dē jaggter '''sgiti''' dē konin.'' - The hunter shot the rabbit. '''Past tense''' (or '''preterite/imperfect''')
* Giyntnē form: ''Dē jaggter heppt dē konin '''gisgit'''. ''- The hunter has shot the rabbit. - '''Perfect tense''' (or '''present retrospective''')
* Byform: ''Dē jaggter will dē konin '''sgitē'''.'' (''"Dē jaggter will '''sgit''' dē konin" iss aug a kunnighyt'') - The hunter will shoot the rabbit. - '''Future tense'''
* Nuig zeggform: Dē '''sgitnē''' jaggter iss inn dē boss.'' - The shooting hunter is in the woods/bushes. - '''Present participle'''
* Trʉgig zeggform: ''Dē '''gisgitnē''' konin iss dot.'' - The shot rabbit is dead. - '''Past participle'''

That should be about right. If I translated correctly.

Sincerely, [[File:Waahlis.png|35px|link=Linguifex:Administrators]] '''[[User talk:Waahlis|Waahlis]]''' 14:27, 11 May 2013 (CEST)

You got it all right except the (somewhat illogical) byform, that sentence means "The hunter wants to shoot the rabbit", though "The hunter will shoot the rabbit" could also take a byform. It can also be used in some clauses, but in most cases it can be replaced by a sentence with a slightly different word order and a bassform. [[User:Dē Graut Bʉr|Dē Graut Bʉr]] ([[User talk:Dē Graut Bʉr|talk]]) 14:50, 11 May 2013 (CEST)

I just figured it followed a common Germanic trait using "will" to form the future tense! (In Swedish, we'd use the same construction as above, so it was 50/50 chance). Okay, something like a optative mood in the present with a modal verb then! I am not sure if I have helped you, or if this was a test though! :P [[File:Waahlis.png|35px|link=Linguifex:Administrators]] '''[[User talk:Waahlis|Waahlis]]''' 16:16, 11 May 2013 (CEST)

You have surely helped me, although I'm not sure about the ''byform''. Anyway, thank you for your help! [[User:Dē Graut Bʉr|Dē Graut Bʉr]] ([[User talk:Dē Graut Bʉr|talk]]) 16:53, 11 May 2013 (CEST)

I am not sure on the byform. It is an uncommon construction, or maybe I am complicating things. Could I have another example? [[File:Waahlis.png|35px|link=Linguifex:Administrators]] '''[[User talk:Waahlis|Waahlis]]''' 19:40, 16 May 2013 (CEST)

== Dev-App-Wiki ==

I wish there was an app for a wiki like ours D:

But more importantly, You got a note on DA [[File:Zelos.png|35px|link=Linguifex:Administrators]] '''[[User Talk:EmperorZelos|Emperor Zelos]]''' 07:18, 12 May 2013 (CEST)

== Circumstantial Evidence ==

Well not evidence but circumstantial

What the fuck is the interlinear shorting of circumstantial voice? [[File:Zelos.png|35px|link=Linguifex:Administrators]] '''[[User Talk:EmperorZelos|Emperor Zelos]]''' 12:05, 13 May 2013 (CEST)

I think it's okay not to follow Leipzig standards if they've forgotten something or if it is unclear. {{sc|circ}} or {{sc|cst}} or the like should work fine if you state what it mean. :) [[File:Waahlis.png|35px|link=Linguifex:Administrators]] '''[[User talk:Waahlis|Waahlis]]''' 19:31, 13 May 2013 (CEST)

== Contionary Help ==

Thank you for pointing out those corrections! (and even more for pointing to which contionary entry I should be modeling after!) Most of how I've been building up the format and lay out for my language on this site (and previous sites) has been by looking at other entries and emulating them, so I was a little lost as to what I needed for a Contionary Entry.

Question: I'm patterning my language on a mixture/slurring of several older languages, but as I've never had the chance to document the etymology before now, I didn't record it - do you think that my language will suffer because of this? I could possibly find which language the words came from, but it would take a lot of work and effort, and I'd much rather spend that energy moving forward. It's not all of my language, but the pronouns, the colors, then numbers and some other vocabulary... Would it be wrong to list the origins of those words as "lost"? [[User:Zomborgs|Zomborgs]] ([[User talk:Zomborgs|talk]]) 22:08, 14 May 2013 (CEST)

No, no, I think not. If you really can't remember the etymologies (and can't make up some new ones!), just list them as "Unknown." Happens all the time.
Looks good, so keep it up! :) [[File:Waahlis.png|35px|link=Linguifex:Administrators]] '''[[User talk:Waahlis|Waahlis]]''' 19:13, 16 May 2013 (CEST)

== De Nomenclatura ==

I have added my opinions, as requested. [[File:Admin.png|35px|link=Linguifex:Administrators]] '''[[User talk:Chrysophylax|Chrysophylax]]''' 04:23, 15 May 2013 (CEST)

As per etiquette, I have responded. [[File:Waahlis.png|35px|link=Linguifex:Administrators]] '''[[User talk:Waahlis|Waahlis]]''' 19:38, 16 May 2013 (CEST)

== More input requests! *flooding* ==

I have now added some touches to [[Elasian|Élászyato meret]]'s case and verbal system. Opinions? --[[File:Admin.png|35px|link=Linguifex:Administrators]] '''[[User talk:Chrysophylax|Chrysophylax]]''' 04:35, 16 May 2013 (CEST)

Input to come! [[File:Waahlis.png|35px|link=Linguifex:Administrators]] '''[[User talk:Waahlis|Waahlis]]''' 19:14, 16 May 2013 (CEST)

== Detangle ==

I had an idea to assist conlangers of various languages.

Alot of common words such as "must" "can" "of" etc carries alot of meaning that people have problems with seperating if they aren't aware of it. We could create like an dentanglement section where common words in english (and any language really) have their meanings dentangled so people can see all the meanings seperately [[File:Zelos.png|35px|link=Linguifex:Administrators]] '''[[User Talk:EmperorZelos|Emperor Zelos]]''' 06:38, 19 May 2013 (CEST)

How about? [[File:Zelos.png|35px|link=Linguifex:Administrators]] '''[[User Talk:EmperorZelos|Emperor Zelos]]''' 19:50, 21 May 2013 (CEST)

Oh right, forgot to answer!

I don't get it. [[File:Waahlis.png|35px|link=Linguifex:Administrators]] '''[[User talk:Waahlis|Waahlis]]''' 21:50, 21 May 2013 (CEST)

Alot of common words in most languages contain alot of meanings in them, must can both refer to an inferens aswelll as a demand, can refers to both possibility and ones ability, for example, a page where you show these meanings could help conlangers [[File:Zelos.png|35px|link=Linguifex:Administrators]] '''[[User Talk:EmperorZelos|Emperor Zelos]]''' 05:40, 22 May 2013 (CEST)

If I may, this sounds like a really good idea. As someone with relatively minimal knowledge of linguistics, I've relied a lot on my knowledge of other Western European Languages to see how much meaning is packed into a word and how you can mess with it which can be hard to imagine, especially if you are a Monoglot.

An example of this that might be good, is that Wiktionary gives the definition of From as;

*With the source or provenance of or at. (I got a letter from my brother)
*With the origin, starting point or initial reference of or at. (Face away from the wall)
* With the separation, exclusion or differentiation of. (He knows right from wrong)

Which someone might not think of separating in a different language, because they're used to it all being in a single unit in what they speak. This isn't the best example but it's one of a few words that have different meanings that I associate.

Sorry for eavesdropping.

-Cheers, [[User:Fauxlosophe|Fauxlosophe]] ([[User talk:Fauxlosophe|talk]]) 06:09, 23 May 2013 (CEST)

No problems, keep on trucvking if you want! He needs to answer it aanyway :P [[File:Zelos.png|35px|link=Linguifex:Administrators]] '''[[User Talk:EmperorZelos|Emperor Zelos]]''' 06:32, 23 May 2013 (CEST)

Oh, eavesdropping is just good for the community. There are no secrets here!

Eeeeehm, well, I know far more pressing concerns, and I am not sure I see the point of having such a "detanglement" centred here on the site... Whilst I do not wish to take part myself, please go ahead if you find it necessary!

I do however find it most suitable for you, Zelos, and Fauxlosophe to take initiative and realise this "detanglement"!

By the way, talk to Chrysophylax first, [[File:Waahlis.png|35px|link=Linguifex:Administrators]] '''[[User talk:Waahlis|Waahlis]]''' 21:54, 23 May 2013 (CEST)

:I concur with Waahlis. I'm not so sure this might be the optimal place to fill up with semantics studies. I remember vaguely from the CONLANG mailing list that someone was compiling a major archive about differing semantic overlap in different languages. Perhaps, instead of reinventing the wheel, one large, proper, article could be created giving a summary overview of differences in semantics between languages and linking to further sources? --[[File:Admin.png|35px|link=Linguifex:Administrators]] '''[[User talk:Chrysophylax|Chrysophylax]]''' 00:03, 26 May 2013 (CEST)

The conlanger theosaurus? Wihle it is a great resource it can be good having it here just for a central hub for conlanger info which is our goal anyway [[File:Zelos.png|35px|link=Linguifex:Administrators]] '''[[User Talk:EmperorZelos|Emperor Zelos]]''' 03:16, 26 May 2013 (CEST)

==Tout petit modification à la Bannière Fén==

La bannière à le forum utilise un forme de Fén obsolete, c'est pas grande chose [l'autre serait acceptable] mais si vous pourriez faire ces petites changes, je serait très reconnaissant.

{| class="bluetable lightbluebg collapsible collapsed" style="text-align:left; width:750px;"
! Bér Dén Ghír ba Dénobh
|-
| '''Bhé bhél bér cór ghír ítá'''
Bhé fhémoc bér me ló cór ít pon éloc té bér dhén na bélim na lú dhír cór ghír ítá.
|}

-Merci, [[User:Fauxlosophe|Fauxlosophe]] ([[User talk:Fauxlosophe|talk]]) 06:37, 23 May 2013 (CEST)

Bien sûr. C'est fait. [[File:Waahlis.png|35px|link=Linguifex:Administrators]] '''[[User talk:Waahlis|Waahlis]]''' 22:22, 23 May 2013 (CEST)

==Featured Blurb==

I think this covers the basics of it;

Fén Ghír (Is there a way I could get my conscript in this?) is spoken primarily amongst the Fén people on the North-Western Fén Ír penisula as well as various islands and smaller northern settlements on the continent known as Dínír amongst the Fén, and refered to as "Borealis" in a more culturally neutral English on the Conworld of "Sphaera". It is one of four major surviving members of the Galavic family, and the only politically independant one. It is also distantly related to Toryl, So'raan and Zewani. Fén primarily relies on two scripts, the first, Highlands Fén or Célán is a system similar to runic or Ogham which evolved from a tallymark sytem, the other Lowland Writing which is a more recent innovation derived from the Toryl system that lies somewhere between an abjad and alphabet.

Fén Ghír is an a priori constructed language by the user Fauxlosophe on the Linguifex Wiki for the conworld Sphaera. It shows heavy Irish Gaelic influence in orthography and phonology, as well as in Grammar. Grammar and Syllable structure have also been heavily influenced by Japanese. English and French are also present as lesser influences.

Should be possible. Do you want me to use the script on your page? I'll add the blurb in advance. [[File:Waahlis.png|35px|link=Linguifex:Administrators]] '''[[User talk:Waahlis|Waahlis]]''' 23:39, 31 May 2013 (CEST)

== Featured language ==

Shouldn't it be 'featured language of Linguifex for June'? I'm thinking that May is already past us :P
--[[File:Admin.png|35px|link=Linguifex:Administrators]] '''[[User talk:Chrysophylax|Chrysophylax]]''' 12:47, 3 June 2013 (CEST)

Of May for June! Of course, my logic must've played me joke. [[File:Waahlis.png|35px|link=Linguifex:Administrators]] '''[[User talk:Waahlis|Waahlis]]''' 20:11, 3 June 2013 (CEST)

== Aesthetics ==

I appreciate the sweet collapse button on the verb list, but it is one of my immediate goals to move the bigarse list from the site to a spreadsheet. :) Ye can use those fancy collapse buttons on my other tables though. :) --[[User:OlySlayer|OlySlayer]] ([[User talk:OlySlayer|talk]]) 00:14, 23 June 2013 (CEST)

Oops, sorry! I thought you wanted a collapse on it, since there was one to start with, my bad! The code for it is <nowiki>mw-collapsible mw-collapsed</nowiki> so you can remove or add it as you want! You leaving us? :( [[File:Waahlis.png|35px|link=Linguifex:Administrators]] '''[[User talk:Waahlis|Waahlis]]''' 11:07, 23 June 2013 (CEST)

No no, you've got it wrong! I asked for on the forums to move the content box(the list of all the in-page links near the top) so it would be right beneath the title of the page, and my intro text about the language near the top of the page would be between the content box and the progress box. Then I checked to find the box on the completely opposite side of my page modified. I'm just moving the vocabulary to spreadsheets, all the other stuff will be here, and I'll also link the vocabulary to my page, probably from google docs or something. :) I'm not going anywhere, just getting more organized. --[[User:OlySlayer|OlySlayer]] ([[User talk:OlySlayer|talk]]) 15:58, 23 June 2013 (CEST)

Also, can I make the expand button move into the left most box in the table and not the right most? --[[User:OlySlayer|OlySlayer]] ([[User talk:OlySlayer|talk]]) 16:06, 23 June 2013 (CEST)

Well, I do not think it is possible to get the intro inbetween the Contents list and the Progress box. However, if you create a heading for the intro, it will automatically go beneath both the contents and the progress box. ''However'', this is contrary to our manual of style, as we prefer to have an introduction on the top of the page (Like wikipedia). Although I suppose we could make an exception...

Are you referring to the expand button when boxes are collapsible? You want it to go on the left instead?

[[File:Waahlis.png|35px|link=Linguifex:Administrators]] '''[[User talk:Waahlis|Waahlis]]''' 16:28, 23 June 2013 (CEST)

Alright well, dropping the thing about the contents box, yeah I was wondering if the expand but could be in the left most cell of of the table, because many times there's nothing in that cell and always is there something in the top right cell. :) --[[User:OlySlayer|OlySlayer]] ([[User talk:OlySlayer|talk]]) 18:31, 23 June 2013 (CEST)

Ah, I saw your problem - no, that'd need a site-wide code change. However, I have a solution. I shall change it, and then you tell me if you like it! :) [[File:Waahlis.png|35px|link=Linguifex:Administrators]] '''[[User talk:Waahlis|Waahlis]]''' 18:44, 23 June 2013 (CEST)

I had to leave for a bit, but I'm back! I see what ye've done and I'll keep that in mind; I might change it a bit more. Thanks! --[[User:OlySlayer|OlySlayer]] ([[User talk:OlySlayer|talk]]) 23:17, 23 June 2013 (CEST)

== Causative ==

Causative isn't an aspect my friend, it is a voice if anything. [[File:Zelos.png|35px|link=Linguifex:Administrators]] '''[[User Talk:EmperorZelos|Emperor Zelos]]''' 07:13, 26 June 2013 (CEST)

Traditionally no, you're right. However, it acts virtually identically to the rest of the aspects in Ris, so I placed it there yet anyway! :P [[File:Waahlis.png|35px|link=Linguifex:Administrators]] '''[[User talk:Waahlis|Waahlis]]''' 14:28, 26 June 2013 (CEST)

In my verb spreadsheet, I made a column called "staticity" (temporary title) where I list each of the verbs as either stative, dynamic, or causative. It does sound kinda like a voice though. Wow, spell check doesn't say kinda is not a word! --[[User:OlySlayer|OlySlayer]] ([[User talk:OlySlayer|talk]]) 14:42, 26 June 2013 (CEST)

I maybe wouldn't group those together...! But there are lots of languages that do things differently! Oly, you wanted some help with your vowel table? [[File:Waahlis.png|35px|link=Linguifex:Administrators]] '''[[User talk:Waahlis|Waahlis]]''' 15:04, 26 June 2013 (CEST)

True, I can never decide if I want to keep this column or maybe just put "causative" or "stative" in the notes column on the side. I'll put a link to the verb spreadsheet when I'm finished with it so the world can enjoy. With the table of vowels I decided to combine the obnoxiously large table of rhotic vowels, but there is one vowel that I don't know wherein it fits, so it would be nice if one of ye could help me with that. :) --[[User:OlySlayer|OlySlayer]] ([[User talk:OlySlayer|talk]]) 22:12, 26 June 2013 (CEST)

Done! It was an open-mid central vowel! :) [[File:Waahlis.png|35px|link=Linguifex:Administrators]] '''[[User talk:Waahlis|Waahlis]]''' 11:53, 27 June 2013 (CEST)

Tack så mycket! I wish I could speak Swedish. :) --[[User:OlySlayer|OlySlayer]] ([[User talk:OlySlayer|talk]]) 17:17, 27 June 2013 (CEST)

"Tack så mycket" is quite enough! ^^ It's not an overly useful language. (Other than the array of vowels, though. ) [[File:Waahlis.png|35px|link=Linguifex:Administrators]] '''[[User talk:Waahlis|Waahlis]]''' 18:25, 27 June 2013 (CEST)

It doesn't make much sense calling it an aspect, aspect deals with TIME, not how the verb came to be. [[File:Zelos.png|35px|link=Linguifex:Administrators]] '''[[User Talk:EmperorZelos|Emperor Zelos]]''' 21:12, 29 June 2013 (CEST)
§

Languages rarely do make sense. :P The Ris causative conjugates according to the different moods and voices of the language; thus morphologically similar to the aspects. That said, I'm not completely done with the verbal system, and nevertheless, I wouldn't call it an aspect when I'm done. [[File:Waahlis.png|35px|link=Linguifex:Administrators]] '''[[User talk:Waahlis|Waahlis]]''' 11:32, 30 June 2013 (CEST)

== Expand ==
Yo, my verb conjugation table is supposed to have an expand button, but it doesn't seem to work. Is there a place where I can learn this wiki code to fix all of this schtuff? ---

Forgot to sign, Oly! ^^
Well, there are lots of places to learn wikicode; a quick search gives loads of results! However, it is difficult to filter everything to that which you actually need to learn. I recommend you to look at other pages with the code you are looking for, and then copy it to your own page.

Concerning the verb table, you correctly inserted the "mw-collapsible mw-collapsed", but it is important that you put it in the <nowiki>'class="..." '</nowiki> part, right after "bluetable lightbluebg". :) Look at the pages me and the other administrators have made, and try to figure out what to do from that! Or just ask, after all, that's why we're here. Sincerely, as always, [[File:Waahlis.png|35px|link=Linguifex:Administrators]] '''[[User talk:Waahlis|Waahlis]]''' 20:20, 29 June 2013 (CEST)

Oops, I swear I signed, my viking linguist friend! Actually, I was referring to a different table than the one ye fixed, haha, but I'll do just as ye said to fix the conjugation table. Ironically, I found next to nothing searching for wikicode, except the documentation which who knows where to start. I shall take a look though at what the pros do, thanks! --[[User:OlySlayer|OlySlayer]] ([[User talk:OlySlayer|talk]]) 19:11, 30 June 2013 (CEST)