Linguifex - User contributions [en]

Verse:Mwail/Danishmandi

2025-01-03T18:37:48Z

Praimhín:

'''Danishmandi''' is a language of Angai inspired by Danish and Mandarin phonology. The name is also inspired by the Urdu and Persian word ''dānishmandī'' "wisdom, sagacity".

== Phonology ==
=== Initials ===
p pʰ m f
t tsʰ s n ɮ l
tˁ tsʰˁ sˁ nˁ ɮˁ
k kʰ x~h
q qʰ χ R

'''b p m f d t s n ld l dr tr sr nr ldr g k h gr kr hr r'''

=== Rimes ===
{0, w, j} + {0, a, ə} + {0, w, j, ð, n, ŋ}

/0 a ə aj əj aw əw að əð an ən aŋ əŋ/ '''i a e ai ei ao ou ad ed an en ang eng''' (cannot follow labials)

The /-0/ rime only follows emphatics

/w0 wa wə waj wəj wað wəð wan wən waŋ wəŋ/ '''wu/u wa/ua wo/uo wai/uai wei/ui wad/uad wed/ud wan/uan wen/un wang/uang weng/ong''' (/wa/ -> /a/ after labials)

/j0 ja jə jaw jəw jað jəð jan jən jaŋ jəŋ/ '''yi/i ya/ia ye/ie yao/iao you/iu yad/iad yid/id yan/ian yin/in yang/iang ying/ing''' (cannot follow emphatics)

=== All syllables ===
Null initial: All rimes except /0/

To add other initials

b p m f: bu ba bo bai bui bad bud ban bun bang bung bi bia bie biao biu biad bid bian bin bing

d t s n ld l: da de dai dei dad dan dang deng du dua duo duai dui duad dud duan dun dung di dia die diao diu diad did dian din diang ding

g k h: ge gai gei gad ged gan gen gang geng gu gua guo guai gui guad gud guan gun guang gung gi gia gie giad gid gian gin giang ging

Cr: ri ra re rai rei rad red ran ren rang reng ru rua ruo ruai rui ruad rud ruan run ruang rung

=== Tones ===
Mandarin tones

Verse:Mwail/Danishmandi

2025-01-03T18:36:47Z

Praimhín:

'''Danishmandi''' is a language of Angai inspired by Danish and Mandarin phonology. The name is also inspired by the Urdu and Persian word ''dānishmandī'' "wisdom, sagacity".

== Phonology ==
=== Initials ===
p pʰ m f
t tsʰ s n ɮ l
tˁ tsʰˁ sˁ nˁ ɮˁ
k kʰ x~h
q qʰ χ R

'''b p m f d t s n ld l dr tr sr nr ldr g k h gr kr hr r'''

=== Rimes ===
{0, w, j} + {0, a, ə} + {0, w, j, ð, n, ŋ}

/0 a ə aj əj aw əw að əð an ən aŋ əŋ/ '''i a e ai ei ao ou ad ed an en ang eng''' (cannot follow labials)

The /-0/ rime only follows emphatics

/w0 wa wə waj wəj wað wəð wan wən waŋ wəŋ/ '''wu/u wa/ua wo/uo wai/uai wei/ui wad/uad wed/ud wan/uan wen/un wang/uang weng/ong''' (/wa/ -> /a/ after labials)

/j0 ja jə jaw jəw jað jəð jan jən jaŋ jəŋ/ '''yi/i ya/ia ye/ie yao/iao you/iu yad/iad yid/id yan/ian yin/in yang/iang ying/ing''' (cannot follow emphatics)

=== All syllables ===
Null initial: All rimes except /0/

b p m f: bu ba bo bai bui bad bud ban bun bang bung bi bia bie biao biu biad bid bian bin bing

d t s n ld l: da de dai dei dad dan dang deng du dua duo duai dui duad dud duan dun dung di dia die diao diu diad did dian din diang ding

g k h: ge gai gei gad ged gan gen gang geng gu gua guo guai gui guad gud guan gun guang gung gi gia gie giad gid gian gin giang ging

Cr: ri ra re rai rei rad red ran ren rang reng ru rua ruo ruai rui ruad rud ruan run ruang rung

=== Tones ===
Mandarin tones

Verse:Mwail/Danishmandi

2025-01-03T18:34:53Z

Praimhín:

'''Danishmandi''' is a language of Angai inspired by Danish and Mandarin phonology.

== Phonology ==
=== Initials ===
p pʰ m f
t tsʰ s n ɮ l
tˁ tsʰˁ sˁ nˁ ɮˁ
k kʰ x~h
q qʰ χ R

'''b p m f d t s n ld l dr tr sr nr ldr g k h gr kr hr r'''

=== Rimes ===
{0, w, j} + {0, a, ə} + {0, w, j, ð, n, ŋ}

/0 a ə aj əj aw əw að əð an ən aŋ əŋ/ '''i a e ai ei ao ou ad ed an en ang eng''' (cannot follow labials)

The /-0/ rime only follows emphatics

/w0 wa wə waj wəj wað wəð wan wən waŋ wəŋ/ '''wu/u wa/ua wo/uo wai/uai wei/ui wad/uad wed/ud wan/uan wen/un wang/uang weng/ong''' (/wa/ -> /a/ after labials)

/j0 ja jə jaw jəw jað jəð jan jən jaŋ jəŋ/ '''yi/i ya/ia ye/ie yao/iao you/iu yad/iad yid/id yan/ian yin/in yang/iang ying/ing''' (cannot follow emphatics)

=== All syllables ===
Null initial: All rimes except /0/

b p m f: bu ba bo bai bui bad bud ban bun bang bung bi bia bie biao biu biad bid bian bin bing

d t s n ld l: da de dai dei dad dan dang deng du dua duo duai dui duad dud duan dun dung di dia die diao diu diad did dian din diang ding

g k h: ge gai gei gad ged gan gen gang geng gu gua guo guai gui guad gud guan gun guang gung gi gia gie giad gid gian gin giang ging

Cr: ri ra re rai rei rad red ran ren rang reng ru rua ruo ruai rui ruad rud ruan run ruang rung

=== Tones ===
Mandarin tones

Verse:Mwail/Danishmandi

2024-12-28T17:29:21Z

Praimhín:

== Phonology ==
=== Initials ===
p pʰ m f
t tsʰ s n ɮ l
tˁ tsʰˁ sˁ nˁ ɮˁ
k kʰ x~h
q qʰ χ R

'''b p m f d t s n ld l dr tr sr nr ldr g k h gr kr hr r'''

=== Rimes ===
{0, w, j} + {0, a, ə} + {0, w, j, ð, n, ŋ}

/0 a ə aj əj aw əw að əð an ən aŋ əŋ/ '''i a e ai ei ao ou ad ed an en ang eng''' (cannot follow labials)

The /-0/ rime only follows emphatics

/w0 wa wə waj wəj wað wəð wan wən waŋ wəŋ/ '''wu/u wa/ua wo/uo wai/uai wei/ui wad/uad wed/ud wan/uan wen/un wang/uang weng/ong''' (/wa/ -> /a/ after labials)

/j0 ja jə jaw jəw jað jəð jan jən jaŋ jəŋ/ '''yi/i ya/ia ye/ie yao/iao you/iu yad/iad yid/id yan/ian yin/in yang/iang ying/ing''' (cannot follow emphatics)

=== All syllables ===
Null initial: All rimes except /0/

b p m f: bu ba bo bai bui bad bud ban bun bang bung bi bia bie biao biu biad bid bian bin bing

d t s n ld l: da de dai dei dad dan dang deng du dua duo duai dui duad dud duan dun dung di dia die diao diu diad did dian din diang ding

g k h: ge gai gei gad ged gan gen gang geng gu gua guo guai gui guad gud guan gun guang gung gi gia gie giad gid gian gin giang ging

Cr: ri ra re rai rei rad red ran ren rang reng ru rua ruo ruai rui ruad rud ruan run ruang rung

=== Tones ===
Mandarin tones

Verse:Mwail

2024-11-04T03:27:11Z

Praimhín:

'''Angai''' (''AHNG-ee''; the name is from Flei) is a setting dominated by highly tonal languages.
* [[Qwbmwdqwg]]: A tritonal root language
* Irenesian languages
** Kawenic
*** [[Quququqquq]]: A language with only /k u a/ and two tones
*** Tucootka
*** Tuatu'yat
*** Kawenyen
*** Sikorian
** Ernic
*** Ernish (auzinim)
*** Whyastian (xʷivyaosdia)
** Lhabhdwenic
*** Lhabhdweni
*** Dhasrawita
* Akya-Woms languages
** [[Flei]]: Tonal Old Irish which develops reading traditions and is revived
** Womsic
*** Brnga
*** Via Viva
** Zzeic
*** [[Zzean]]: Sinosphere-ish
* [[Ditab]]: Tonal min-Tiberian Hebrew. ''Not'' a liturgical language.
* [[Afeherë]]
* [[Toki Ike]]
[[Category:Angai|*]]

Verse:Mwail

2024-11-04T03:26:44Z

Praimhín:

'''Angai''' (''AHNG-ee''; the name is from Flei) is a setting dominated by highly tonal languages.
* [[Qwbmwdqwg]]: A tritonal root language
* Irenesian languages
** Kawenic
*** [[Quququqquq]]: A language with only /k u a/ and two tones
*** Tucootka
*** Tuatu'yat
*** Kawenyen
*** Sikorian
** Ernic
*** Ernish
*** Whyastian (xʷivyaosdia)
** Lhabhdwenic
*** Lhabhdweni
*** Dhasrawita
* Akya-Woms languages
** [[Flei]]: Tonal Old Irish which develops reading traditions and is revived
** Womsic
*** Brnga
*** Via Viva
** Zzeic
*** [[Zzean]]: Sinosphere-ish
* [[Ditab]]: Tonal min-Tiberian Hebrew. ''Not'' a liturgical language.
* [[Afeherë]]
* [[Toki Ike]]
[[Category:Angai|*]]

Verse:Mwail

2024-11-04T03:25:54Z

Praimhín:

'''Angai''' (''AHNG-ee''; the name is from Flei) is a setting dominated by highly tonal languages.
* [[Qwbmwdqwg]]: A tritonal root language
* Irenesian languages
** Kawenic
*** [[Quququqquq]]: A language with only /k u a/ and two tones
*** Tucootka
*** Tuatu'yat
*** Kawenyen
*** Sikorian
** Ernish
** Lhabhdwenic
*** Lhabhdweni
*** Dhasrawita
* Akya-Woms languages
** [[Flei]]: Tonal Old Irish which develops reading traditions and is revived
** Womsic
*** Brnga
*** Via Viva
** Zzeic
*** [[Zzean]]: Sinosphere-ish
* [[Ditab]]: Tonal min-Tiberian Hebrew. ''Not'' a liturgical language.
* [[Afeherë]]
* [[Toki Ike]]
[[Category:Angai|*]]

Verse:Mwail/Quququqquq

2024-10-29T07:02:49Z

Praimhín:

{{List subpages}}

In [[Verse:Angai|Angai]], '''Quququqquq''' (/ku:ku:'kʊkkʊk/, natively ''quququqquq qaqqaäa'' /kùkùkùkːùk kàkːàáà/ [kʰùvūvūkūɰˀ kʰàkǣǽǣ]) is the most phonologically minimalistic [[Kawenic languages|Kawenic]] language, with just one consonant /k/, two vowels /u a/, and two tones (high, written ä and low, written a). It's spoken in the island nation of Quqqaäa (pronounced /'kʊkə/ in English).

Todo: Vedic-style chanting tradition

uüuquqau 'cow'

qäaqqäaqquqau 'crow'
== Nouns ==
<poem>
aqua 'water' (nom.)
aqü (gen.)
aquaq (part.)
aqüü (illative)
aqüqqu (inessive)
aqüqquq (elative)
aqüqua (allative)
aqüqqa (adessive)
aqüqqaq (ablative)
aqüququ (translative)
aqüquaä (terminative)
aqüquqqü (durative)
aqüqaua (essive)
aqüqauaq (exessive)
aqüqqäqu (comitative)
aqüuqqau (abessive)
aqüqqaqqu (instructive)
aqüq (nom. pl.)
aquaqa (gen. pl.)
aquauq (part. pl.)
aquaqaü (illative pl.)
aquaqaqqu (iness. pl.)
etc.
</poem>
== Verbs ==
<poem>
quqüäqau 'I write'
quqüäqu (2sg)
quqüäquq (3sg)
quqüäqaüq (1pl)
quqüäququq (2pl)
quqüäqüüq (3pl)
quqüäqua (impersonal)
</poem>
[[Category:Angai]]

Verse:Mwail/Quququqquq

2024-10-29T07:02:27Z

Praimhín:

{{List subpages}}

In [[Verse:Angai|Angai]], '''Quququqquq''' (natively ''quququqquq qaqqaäa'' /kùkùkùkːùk kàkːàáà/ [kʰùvūvūkūɰˀ kʰàkǣǽǣ]) is the most phonologically minimalistic [[Kawenic languages|Kawenic]] language, with just one consonant /k/, two vowels /u a/, and two tones (high, written ä and low, written a). It's spoken in the island nation of Quqqaäa (pronounced /kʊkə/ in English).

Todo: Vedic-style chanting tradition

uüuquqau 'cow'

qäaqqäaqquqau 'crow'
== Nouns ==
<poem>
aqua 'water' (nom.)
aqü (gen.)
aquaq (part.)
aqüü (illative)
aqüqqu (inessive)
aqüqquq (elative)
aqüqua (allative)
aqüqqa (adessive)
aqüqqaq (ablative)
aqüququ (translative)
aqüquaä (terminative)
aqüquqqü (durative)
aqüqaua (essive)
aqüqauaq (exessive)
aqüqqäqu (comitative)
aqüuqqau (abessive)
aqüqqaqqu (instructive)
aqüq (nom. pl.)
aquaqa (gen. pl.)
aquauq (part. pl.)
aquaqaü (illative pl.)
aquaqaqqu (iness. pl.)
etc.
</poem>
== Verbs ==
<poem>
quqüäqau 'I write'
quqüäqu (2sg)
quqüäquq (3sg)
quqüäqaüq (1pl)
quqüäququq (2pl)
quqüäqüüq (3pl)
quqüäqua (impersonal)
</poem>
[[Category:Angai]]

Schlaub/Swadesh list

2024-10-26T16:37:19Z

Praimhín:

__TOC__

{| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align: center; width: 900px"
|
==== 1-19 ====
! [[w:English|English]]
!c=01| <abbr title="Proto-Wiobic">PHS</abbr>
!c=02| [[Hlou]]
!c=04| [[Tsjoen]]
!c=05| [[Feiden]]
!c=06| [[Æ]]
|-
|i=No| 1
! I
|c=01|
|c=03| ''xan''
|c=04| ''xi'' (informal), ''vael'' (formal)
|c=05| ''sai''
|c=06| ''hi''
|-
| i=No|2
! thou
|c=01|
|c=03| ''zied''
|c=04| ''mae'' (informal), ''zatj'' (formal)
|c=05| ''mei''
|c=06|
|-
|i=No|3
! he; she; it
|c=e1|
|c=03| ''so'' (animate); ''ja'' (inanimate)
|c=04| ''bae''
|c=05| ''hi''
|c=06|
|-
|i=No| 4
! we
|c=01|
|c=03| ''dahn''
|c=04| ''to''
|c=05| ''θaup''
|c=06|
|-
|i=No| 5
! you
|c=01|
|c=03| ''schlag''
|c=04| ''zjo''
|c=05| ''śaup''
|c=06|
|-
|i=No| 6
! they
|c=01|
|c=03| ''zug''
|c=04| ''sjuna''
|c=05|
|c=06|
|-
|i=No| 7
! this
|c=01| ''mpaid''
|c=03| ''naus''
|c=04| ''bae''
|c=05| ''bait''
|c=06|
|-
|i=No| 8
! that
|c=01| ''hia''
|c=03| ''nein''
|c=04| ''hjeo, hi''
|c=05| ''hi''
|c=06|
|-
|i=No| 9
! here
|c=01|''saam''
|c=03|''draus''
|c=04|''som''
|c=05|''xaum''
|c=06|
|-
|i=No| 10
! there
|c=01|''hiim''
|c=03|''drein''
|c=04|''him''
|c=05|''haim''
|c=06|
|-
|i=No| 11
! who
|c=01|''laat''
|c=03|''nab''
|c=04|''lot''
|c=05|''laut''
|c=06|
|-
|i=No| 12
! what
|c=01|''laa''
|c=03|''nab''
|c=04|what: ''loe''; which/what kind of X: ''lod''
|c=05|''lau''
|c=06|
|-
|i=No| 13
! where
|c=01|''lam''
|c=03|''drab''
|c=04|''lam''
|c=05|''lam''
|c=06|
|-
|i=No| 14
! when
|c=01|''laasji''
|c=03|''flei nab''
|c=04|''loex''
|c=05|''liis''
|c=06|
|-
|i=No| 15
! how
|c=01|''laani''
|c=03|''rab''
|c=04|''loen''
|c=05|''liin''
|c=06|
|-
|i=No| 16
! not
|c=01|''maa''
|c=03|''eh''
|c=04|''si''
|c=05|''mau''
|c=06|
|-
|i=No| 17
! all
|c=01|
|c=03|''was, nad''
|c=04|''nart''
|c=05|
|c=06|
|-
|i=No| 18
! many
|c=01|
|c=03|''des''
|c=04|''stal''
|c=05|
|c=06|
|-
|i=No| 19
! some
|c=01|
|c=03|''ihn''
|c=04|''iv''
|c=05|
|c=06|
|-
|

==== 20-39 ====
! [[w:English|English]]
!c=01| <abbr title="Proto-Wiobic">[[Wiobic languages|PHS]]</abbr>
!c=03| [[Hlou]]
!c=04| [[Tsjoen]]
!c=05| [[Feiden]]
!c=06| [[Æ]]
|-
|i=No| 20
! few
|c=01|''anku''
|c=03|''seh''
|c=04|''ag''
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 21
! other
|c=01|''muuntu''
|c=03|''mein''
|c=04|''mud''
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 22
! one
|c=01|''sotj''
|c=03|''die''
|c=04|''seots''
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 23
! two
|c=01|''kliad''
|c=03|''beid''
|c=04|''kljeo''
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 24
! three
|c=01|''skaab''
|c=03|''lähn''
|c=04|''sko''
|c=05|''skaup''
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 25
! four
|c=01|''mooj''
|c=03|''schred''
|c=04|''moe''
|c=05|''mai''
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 26
! five
|c=01|''fahw''
|c=03|''kaß''
|c=04|''fah''
|c=05|''fah''
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 27
! big
|c=01|
|c=03|''hahn, jas schahn''
|c=04|''sjev''
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 28
! long
|c=01|
|c=03|''schrau, jas raug''
|c=04|''nams''
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 29
! wide
|c=01|''yampəng''
|c=03|''jas mbän''
|c=04|''javng''
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 30
! thick
|c=01|''ntiimar''
|c=03|''ntieß''
|c=04|''dimar''
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 31
! heavy
|c=01|
|c=03|''glauß''
|c=04|''pteung''
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 32
! small
|c=01|''rjaari''
|c=03|''räh''
|c=04|''zjaer''
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 33
! short
|c=01|
|c=03|''läun''
|c=04|''aeng''
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 34
! narrow
|c=01|
|c=03|''räh mbän''
|c=04|''xeov''
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 35
! thin
|c=01|
|c=03|''mlo''
|c=04|''zax''
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 36
! woman
|c=01|
|c=03|''Ndsied''
|c=04|''jus''
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 37
! man (male)
|c=01|
|c=03|''Tre''
|c=04|''teuk''
|c=05|''hal''
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 38
! person
|c=01|
|c=03|''Ndob''
|c=04|''zjo''
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 39
! child (a youth)
|c=01|
|c=03|''Ntrah''
|c=04|''keofts''
|c=05|''drauk''
|c=08|
|-
|

==== 40-59 ====
! [[w:English|English]]
!c=01| <abbr title="Proto-Wiobic">[[Wiobic languages|PHS]]</abbr>
!c=03| [[Hlou]]
!c=04| [[Tsjoen]]
!c=05| [[Feiden]]
!c=06| [[Æ]]
|-
|i=No| 40
! wife
|c=01|
|c=03|''Nrod''
|c=04|''zjeosm''
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 41
! husband
|c=01|
|c=03|''Nrod''
|c=04|''burad''
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 42
! mother
|c=01|
|c=03|''Ma''
|c=04|''mjeng''
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 43
! father
|c=01|
|c=03|''Pa''
|c=04|''bjeng''
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 44
! animal
|c=01|
|c=03|''Wahn''
|c=04|''jeodal''
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 45
! fish
|c=01|
|c=03|''Schuh''
|c=04|''ftje''
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 46
! bird
|c=01|
|c=03|''Wug''
|c=04|''ny''
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 47
! dog
|c=01|
|c=03|''Schun''
|c=04|''droe''
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 48
! louse
|c=01|
|c=03|''Säb''
|c=04|''sjan''
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 49
! snake
|c=01|
|c=03|''Schlös''
|c=04|''om''
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 50
! worm
|c=01|
|c=03|''Täd''
|c=04|''taezj''
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 51
! tree
|c=01|''nsaati''
|c=03|''Reß''
|c=04|''zjaet''
|c=05|''ziiθ''
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 52
! forest
|c=01|
|c=03|''Pahn''
|c=04|''pag''
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 53
! stick (of wood)
|c=01|
|c=03|''Zies''
|c=04|''sing''
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 54
! fruit
|c=01|
|c=03|''Teb''
|c=04|''djap''
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 55
! seed
|c=01|
|c=03|''Ied''
|c=04|''jeodn''
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 56
! leaf
|c=01|''iim''
|c=03|''Ihn, Schwad Reß, Ihn Reß''
|c=04|''im''
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 57
! root
|c=01|
|c=03|''Nglab''
|c=04|''habat''
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 58
! bark (of tree)
|c=01|
|c=03|''Rähn''
|c=04|''rjang''
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 59
! flower
|c=01|
|c=03|''Schwied''
|c=04|''svjo''
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|

==== 60-79 ====
! [[w:English|English]]
!c=01| <abbr title="Proto-Wiobic">[[Wiobic languages|PHS]]</abbr>
!c=03| [[Hlou]]
!c=04| [[Tsjoen]]
!c=05| [[Feiden]]
!c=06| [[Æ]]
|-
|i=No| 60
! grass
|c=01|
|c=03|''Neib''
|c=04|''sae''
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 61
! rope
|c=01|
|c=03|''Ntied''
|c=04|''djoe''
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 62
! skin (of a person)
|c=01|
|c=03|''Xen''
|c=04|''xjeom''
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 63
! meat (as in flesh)
|c=01|
|c=03|''Eis''
|c=04|''ix''
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 64
! blood
|c=01|
|c=03|''Kaun''
|c=04|''tkjeov''
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 65
! bone
|c=01|
|c=03|''Ntreis''
|c=04|''vaekar''
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 66
! fat (noun)
|c=01|
|c=03|''Dlaug''
|c=04|''tlju''
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 67
! egg
|c=01|''kwee''
|c=03|''Sche''
|c=04|''kvje''
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 68
! horn
|c=01|
|c=03|''Fies''
|c=04|''fjes''
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 69
! tail
|c=01|
|c=03|''Saug''
|c=04|''xong''
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 70
! feather (rather not down)
|c=01|
|c=03|''Plaub''
|c=04|''voel''
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 71
! hair
|c=01|
|c=03|''Höß''
|c=04|''hosj''
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 72
! head
|c=01|
|c=03|''Pahn''
|c=04|''fnah''
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 73
! ear
|c=01|
|c=03|''Kob''
|c=04|''pir''
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 74
! eye
|c=01|
|c=03|''Gub''
|c=04|''geol''
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 75
! nose
|c=01|
|c=03|''Draud''
|c=04|''ilt''
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 76
! mouth
|c=01|
|c=03|''Mpoh''
|c=04|''boh''
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 77
! tooth (rather not molar) 
|c=01|
|c=03|''Ntzud''
|c=04|''zu''
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 78
! tongue
|c=01|
|c=03|''Tzog''
|c=04|''vazj''
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 79
! fingernail
|c=01|
|c=03|''Dxög''
|c=04|''bong-ram''
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|

==== 80-99 ====
! [[w:English|English]]
!c=01| <abbr title="Proto-Wiobic">[[Wiobic languages|PHS]]</abbr>
!c=03| [[Hlou]]
!c=04| [[Tsjoen]]
!c=05| [[Feiden]]
!c=06| [[Æ]]
|-
|i=No| 80
! foot
|c=01|
|c=03|''Bläg Run''
|c=04|''kjer''
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 81
! leg
|c=01|
|c=03|''Run''
|c=04|''hop''
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 82
! knee
|c=01|''heungun''
|c=03|''Mpföd''
|c=04|''hjungan''
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 83
! hand
|c=01|''mpaang''
|c=03|''Nla''
|c=04|''bong''
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 84
! wing
|c=01|
|c=03|''Drlau''
|c=04|''ljezj''
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 85
! belly
|c=01|
|c=03|''Sug''
|c=04|''xeo''
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 86
! guts
|c=01|
|c=03|''San''
|c=04|''psan''
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 87
! neck
|c=01|
|c=03|''Kläd''
|c=04|''ktaete''
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 88
! back
|c=01|
|c=03|''Ged''
|c=04|''gjed''
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 89
! breast
|c=01|
|c=03|''Schien''
|c=04|''xeunar''
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 90
! heart
|c=01|
|c=03|''Schleig''
|c=04|''ljeog''
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 91
! liver
|c=01|
|c=03|''Ad''
|c=04|''od''
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 92
! to drink
|c=01|
|c=03|''mpes''
|c=04|''vjeok''
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 93
! to eat
|c=01|
|c=03|''glob''
|c=04|''am''
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 94
! to bite
|c=01|
|c=03|''keb''
|c=04|''aek''
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 95
! to suck
|c=01|
|c=03|''blag''
|c=04|''blak''
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 96
! to spit
|c=01|
|c=03|''tug''
|c=04|''pah''
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 97
! to vomit
|c=01|
|c=03|''weig''
|c=04|''hvae''
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 98
! to blow (as wind)
|c=01|
|c=03|''zie''
|c=04|''tsrjeoh''
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 99
! to breathe
|c=01|
|c=03|''mlä''
|c=04|''vih''
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|

==== 100-119 ====
! [[w:English|English]]
!c=01| <abbr title="Proto-Wiobic">[[Wiobic languages|PHS]]</abbr>
!c=03| [[Hlou]]
!c=04| [[Tsjoen]]
!c=05| [[Feiden]]
!c=06| [[Æ]]
|-
|i=No| 100
! to laugh
|c=01|
|c=03|''mpfahn''
|c=04|''hjever''
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 101
! to see
|c=01|
|c=03|''duh''
|c=04|''tuk''
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 102
! to hear
|c=01|
|c=03|''rög''
|c=04|''ry''
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 103
! to know (a fact)
|c=01|
|c=03|''sab''
|c=04|''sjeo''
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 104
! to think
|c=01|
|c=03|''ndöß''
|c=04|''gdeoz''
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 105
! to smell (sense odor)
|c=01|
|c=03|''ntie''
|c=04|''dil''
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 106
! to fear
|c=01|
|c=03|''schmes''
|c=04|''tmje''
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 107
! to sleep
|c=01|
|c=03|''bleid''
|c=04|''blae''
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 108
! to live
|c=01|''yund-''
|c=03|''jun''
|c=04|''jeod''
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 109
! to die
|c=01|''rjeeb''
|c=03|''reb''
|c=04|''zje''
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 110
! to kill
|c=01|
|c=03|''schwad''
|c=04|''snjeoh''
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 111
! to fight
|c=01|
|c=03|''väb''
|c=04|''goetar''
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 112
! to hunt (transitive)
|c=01|
|c=03|''däug''
|c=04|''djunga''
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 113
! to hit
|c=01|
|c=03|''schaub''
|c=04|''hak''
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 114
! to cut
|c=01|
|c=03|''hiß''
|c=04|''hetj''
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 115
! to split
|c=01|
|c=03|''schräub''
|c=04|''draen''
|c=05|''drein''
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 116
! to stab (or stick)
|c=01|
|c=03|''klaß''
|c=04|''tnjok''
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 117
! to scratch (an itch)
|c=01|
|c=03|''schreib''
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 118
! to dig
|c=01|
|c=03|''noß''
|c=04|''nos''
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 119
! to swim
|c=01|
|c=03|''nkaud''
|c=04|''gju''
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|

==== 120-139 ====
! [[w:English|English]]
!c=01| <abbr title="Proto-Wiobic">[[Wiobic languages|PHS]]</abbr>
!c=03| [[Hlou]]
!c=04| [[Tsjoen]]
!c=05| [[Feiden]]
!c=06| [[Æ]]
|-
|i=No| 120
! to fly
|c=01|
|c=03|''nkaub''
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 121
! to walk
|c=01|
|c=03|''schmein''
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 122
! to come
|c=01|
|c=03|''schleib''
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 123
! to lie (as on one's side)
|c=01|
|c=03|''gei''
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 124
! to sit
|c=01|
|c=03|''zieb''
|c=04|''tjor''
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 125
! to stand
|c=01|
|c=03|''schwähn''
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 126
! to turn (change direction)
|c=01|
|c=03|''hüß''
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 127
! to fall (as in drop)
|c=01|
|c=03|''tob''
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 128
! to give
|c=01|
|c=03|''ntrein''
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 129
! to hold (in one's hand)
|c=01|
|c=03|''mplön''
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 130
! to squeeze
|c=01|
|c=03|''seb''
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 131
! to rub
|c=01|
|c=03|''klei''
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 132
! to wash
|c=01|
|c=03|''schein''
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 133
! to wipe
|c=01|
|c=03|''pfad''
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 134
! to pull
|c=01|
|c=03|''pfehn''
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 135
! to push
|c=01|
|c=03|''plieg''
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 136
! to throw
|c=01|
|c=03|''luß''
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 137
! to tie
|c=01|
|c=03|''ndzöhn''
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 138
! to sew
|c=01|
|c=03|''mpug''
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 139
! to count
|c=01|
|c=03|''tauß''
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|

==== 140-159 ====
! [[w:English|English]]
!c=01| <abbr title="Proto-Wiobic">[[Wiobic languages|PHS]]</abbr>
!c=03| [[Hlou]]
!c=04| [[Tsjoen]]
!c=05| [[Feiden]]
!c=06| [[Æ]]
|-
|i=No| 140
! to say
|c=01|
|c=03|''tlau''
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 141
! to sing
|c=01|
|c=03|''wed''
|c=04|''vjed''
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 142
! to play
|c=01|
|c=03|''schnab''
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 143
! to float
|c=01|
|c=03|''schwi''
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 144
! to flow
|c=01|
|c=03|''uhn''
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 145
! to freeze
|c=01|
|c=03|''mpföß''
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 146
! to swell
|c=01|
|c=03|''schwag''
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 147
! sun
|c=01|''pes''
|c=03|''Peß''
|c=04|''pjeos''
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 148
! moon
|c=01|''thuuntu''
|c=03|''Gos''
|c=04|''tud''
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 149
! star
|c=01|''heemp''
|c=03|''Hehn''
|c=04|''hjev''
|c=05|''hiib''
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 150
! water
|c=01|''niim''
|c=03|''Nihn''
|c=04|''nim''
|c=05|''naim''
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 151
! rain
|c=01|
|c=03|''Nklan''
|c=04|''sun''
|c=05|''haun''
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 152
! river
|c=01|
|c=03|''Noh''
|c=04|''brjeong''
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 153
! lake
|c=01|
|c=03|''Ntzäu''
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 154
! sea (as in ocean)
|c=01|
|c=03|''Lahn''
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 155
! salt
|c=01|''ntjwain''
|c=03|''Ntxein''
|c=04|''zvaen''
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 156
! stone
|c=01|
|c=03|''Pfaub''
|c=04|''pazjar''
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 157
! sand
|c=01|
|c=03|''Zieb''
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 158
! dust
|c=01|
|c=03|''Tleb''
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 159
! earth (as in soil)
|c=01|
|c=03|''Plaun''
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|

==== 160-179 ====
! [[w:English|English]]
!c=01| <abbr title="Proto-Wiobic">[[Wiobic languages|PHS]]</abbr>
!c=03| [[Hlou]]
!c=04| [[Tsjoen]]
!c=05| [[Feiden]]
!c=06| [[Æ]]
|-
|i=No| 160
! cloud
|c=01|
|c=03|''Behn''
|c=04|''hvjota''
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 161
! fog
|c=01|
|c=03|''Tsal''
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 162
! sky
|c=01|
|c=03|''Ntse''
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 163
! wind (as in breeze)
|c=01|
|c=03|''Txon''
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 164
! snow
|c=01|
|c=03|''Ntzäl''
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 165
! ice
|c=01|
|c=03|''Xien''
|c=04|
|c=05|
|-
|i=No| 166
! smoke
|c=01|
|c=03|''Trahn''
|c=04|
|c=05|
|-
|i=No| 167
! fire
|c=01|
|c=03|''Tlieg''
|c=04|
|c=05|
|-
|i=No| 168
! ashes
|c=01|
|c=03|''Plud''
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 169
! to burn (intransitive)
|c=01|
|c=03|''miel''
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 170
! road
|c=01|
|c=03|''Kähn''
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 171
! mountain
|c=01|
|c=03|''Schrog''
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 172
! red
|c=01|
|c=03|''mpfe''
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 173
! green
|c=01|
|c=03|''taub''
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 174
! yellow
|c=01|
|c=03|''schlieb''
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 175
! white
|c=01|
|c=03|''jag''
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 176
! black
|c=01|
|c=03|''peig''
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 177
! night
|c=01|
|c=03|''Dieß''
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 178
! day (daytime)
|c=01|
|c=03|''Mös''
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 179
! year
|c=01|
|c=03|''Ndeg''
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|

==== 180-199 ====
! [[w:English|English]]
!c=01| <abbr title="Proto-Wiobic">[[Wiobic languages|PHS]]</abbr>
!c=03| [[Hlou]]
!c=04| [[Tsjoen]]
!c=05| [[Feiden]]
!c=06| [[Æ]]
|-
|i=No| 180
! warm (as in weather)
|c=01|
|c=03|''ntzäg''
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 181
! cold (as in weather)
|c=01|
|c=03|''tä''
|c=04|''tang''
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 182
! full
|c=01|
|c=03|''seib''
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 183
! new
|c=01|
|c=03|''höß''
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 184
! old
|c=01|
|c=03|''schwä''
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 185
! good
|c=01|''sjaa''
|c=03|''vög''
|c=04|''xa''
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 186
! bad
|c=01|
|c=03|''ntsaul''
|c=04|''muk''
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 187
! rotten (as, a log) 
|c=01|
|c=03|''nrieß''
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 188
! dirty
|c=01|
|c=03|''pleig''
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 189
! straight
|c=01|
|c=03|''pfih''
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 190
! round
|c=01|
|c=03|''tug''
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 191
! sharp (as a knife)
|c=01|
|c=03|''äb''
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 192
! dull (as a knife)
|c=01|
|c=03|''vieb''
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 193
! smooth
|c=01|
|c=03|''klab''
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 194
! wet
|c=01|
|c=03|''jaul''
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 195
! dry (adjective)
|c=01|
|c=03|''öb''
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 196
! right (correct)
|c=01|
|c=03|''schweig''
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 197
! near
|c=01|
|c=03|''vahn''
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 198
! far
|c=01|
|c=03|''gliel''
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 199
! right (side)
|c=01|
|c=03|''bleh''
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No|

==== 200-207 ====
! [[w:English|English]]
!c=01| <abbr title="Proto-Wiobic">[[Wiobic languages|PHS]]</abbr>
!c=03| [[Hlou]]
!c=04| [[Tsjoen]]
!c=05| [[Feiden]]
!c=06| [[Æ]]
|-
|i=No| 200
! left (side)
|c=01|
|c=03|''ntzöß''
|c=04|''zys''
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 201
! at
|c=01|
|c=03|''bis''
|c=04|''je''
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 202
! in
|c=01|
|c=03|''bis''
|c=04|''ha''
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 203
! with (accompanying)
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|''sae''
|c=05|
|c=07|
|-
|i=No| 204
! and
|c=01|
|c=03|''aus''
|c=04|''ti''
|c=05|
|c=07|
|-
|i=No| 205
! if
|c=01|
|c=03|''daß''
|c=04|''sjeol''
|c=05|
|c=07|
|-
|i=No| 206
! because
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|''dmu''
|c=05|
|c=07|
|-
|i=No| 207
! name
|c=01|
|c=03|''Ntrob''
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|}

Schlaub/Swadesh list

2024-10-26T16:35:07Z

Praimhín:

__TOC__

{| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align: center; width: 900px"
|
==== 1-19 ====
! [[w:English|English]]
!c=01| <abbr title="Proto-Wiobic">PHS</abbr>
!c=02| [[Hlou]]
!c=04| [[Tsjoen]]
!c=05| [[Feiden]]
!c=06| [[Æ]]
|-
|i=No| 1
! I
|c=01|
|c=03| ''xan''
|c=04| ''xi'' (informal), ''vael'' (formal)
|c=05| ''sai''
|c=06| ''hi''
|-
| i=No|2
! thou
|c=01|
|c=03| ''zied''
|c=04| ''mae'' (informal), ''zatj'' (formal)
|c=05| ''mei''
|c=06|
|-
|i=No|3
! he; she; it
|c=e1|
|c=03| ''so'' (animate); ''ja'' (inanimate)
|c=04| ''bae''
|c=05| ''hi''
|c=06|
|-
|i=No| 4
! we
|c=01|
|c=03| ''dahn''
|c=04| ''to''
|c=05| ''θaup''
|c=06|
|-
|i=No| 5
! you
|c=01|
|c=03| ''schlag''
|c=04| ''zjo''
|c=05| ''śaup''
|c=06|
|-
|i=No| 6
! they
|c=01|
|c=03| ''zug''
|c=04| ''sjuna''
|c=05|
|c=06|
|-
|i=No| 7
! this
|c=01| ''mpaid''
|c=03| ''naus''
|c=04| ''bae''
|c=05| ''bait''
|c=06|
|-
|i=No| 8
! that
|c=01| ''hia''
|c=03| ''nein''
|c=04| ''hjeo, hi''
|c=05| ''hi''
|c=06|
|-
|i=No| 9
! here
|c=01|''saam''
|c=03|''draus''
|c=04|''som''
|c=05|''xaum''
|c=06|
|-
|i=No| 10
! there
|c=01|''hiim''
|c=03|''drein''
|c=04|''him''
|c=05|''haim''
|c=06|
|-
|i=No| 11
! who
|c=01|''laat''
|c=03|''nab''
|c=04|''lot''
|c=05|''laut''
|c=06|
|-
|i=No| 12
! what
|c=01|''laa''
|c=03|''nab''
|c=04|what: ''loe''; which/what kind of X: ''lod''
|c=05|''lau''
|c=06|
|-
|i=No| 13
! where
|c=01|''lam''
|c=03|''drab''
|c=04|''lam''
|c=05|''lam''
|c=06|
|-
|i=No| 14
! when
|c=01|''laasji''
|c=03|''flei nab''
|c=04|''loex''
|c=05|''liis''
|c=06|
|-
|i=No| 15
! how
|c=01|''laani''
|c=03|''rab''
|c=04|''loen''
|c=05|''liin''
|c=06|
|-
|i=No| 16
! not
|c=01|''maa''
|c=03|''eh''
|c=04|''si''
|c=05|''mau''
|c=06|
|-
|i=No| 17
! all
|c=01|
|c=03|''was, nad''
|c=04|''nart''
|c=05|
|c=06|
|-
|i=No| 18
! many
|c=01|
|c=03|''des''
|c=04|''stal''
|c=05|
|c=06|
|-
|i=No| 19
! some
|c=01|
|c=03|''ihn''
|c=04|''iv''
|c=05|
|c=06|
|-
|

==== 20-39 ====
! [[w:English|English]]
!c=01| <abbr title="Proto-Wiobic">[[Wiobic languages|PHS]]</abbr>
!c=03| [[Hlou]]
!c=04| [[Tsjoen]]
!c=05| [[Feiden]]
!c=06| [[Æ]]
|-
|i=No| 20
! few
|c=01|''anku''
|c=03|''seh''
|c=04|''ag''
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 21
! other
|c=01|''muuntu''
|c=03|''mein''
|c=04|''mud''
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 22
! one
|c=01|''sotj''
|c=03|''die''
|c=04|''seots''
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 23
! two
|c=01|''kliad''
|c=03|''beid''
|c=04|''kljeo''
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 24
! three
|c=01|''skaab''
|c=03|''lähn''
|c=04|''sko''
|c=05|''skaup''
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 25
! four
|c=01|''mooj''
|c=03|''schred''
|c=04|''moe''
|c=05|''mai''
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 26
! five
|c=01|''fahw''
|c=03|''kaß''
|c=04|''fah''
|c=05|''fah''
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 27
! big
|c=01|
|c=03|''hahn, jas schahn''
|c=04|''sjev''
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 28
! long
|c=01|
|c=03|''schrau, jas raug''
|c=04|''nams''
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 29
! wide
|c=01|''yampəng''
|c=03|''jas mbän''
|c=04|''javng''
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 30
! thick
|c=01|''ntiimar''
|c=03|''ntieß''
|c=04|''dimar''
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 31
! heavy
|c=01|
|c=03|''glauß''
|c=04|''pteung''
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 32
! small
|c=01|''rjaari''
|c=03|''räh''
|c=04|''zjaer''
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 33
! short
|c=01|
|c=03|''läun''
|c=04|''aeng''
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 34
! narrow
|c=01|
|c=03|''räh mbän''
|c=04|''xeov''
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 35
! thin
|c=01|
|c=03|''mlo''
|c=04|''zax''
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 36
! woman
|c=01|
|c=03|''Ndsied''
|c=04|''jus''
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 37
! man (male)
|c=01|
|c=03|''Tre''
|c=04|''teuk''
|c=05|''hal''
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 38
! person
|c=01|
|c=03|''Ndob''
|c=04|''zjo''
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 39
! child (a youth)
|c=01|
|c=03|''Ntrah''
|c=04|''keofts''
|c=05|''drauk''
|c=08|
|-
|

==== 40-59 ====
! [[w:English|English]]
!c=01| <abbr title="Proto-Wiobic">[[Wiobic languages|PHS]]</abbr>
!c=03| [[Hlou]]
!c=04| [[Tsjoen]]
!c=05| [[Feiden]]
!c=06| [[Æ]]
|-
|i=No| 40
! wife
|c=01|
|c=03|''Nrod''
|c=04|''zjeosm''
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 41
! husband
|c=01|
|c=03|''Nrod''
|c=04|''burad''
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 42
! mother
|c=01|
|c=03|''Ma''
|c=04|''mjeng''
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 43
! father
|c=01|
|c=03|''Pa''
|c=04|''bjeng''
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 44
! animal
|c=01|
|c=03|''Wahn''
|c=04|''jeodal''
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 45
! fish
|c=01|
|c=03|''Schuh''
|c=04|''ftje''
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 46
! bird
|c=01|
|c=03|''Wug''
|c=04|''ny''
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 47
! dog
|c=01|
|c=03|''Schun''
|c=04|''droe''
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 48
! louse
|c=01|
|c=03|''Säb''
|c=04|''sjan''
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 49
! snake
|c=01|
|c=03|''Schlös''
|c=04|''om''
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 50
! worm
|c=01|
|c=03|''Täd''
|c=04|''taezj''
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 51
! tree
|c=01|''nsaati''
|c=03|''Reß''
|c=04|''zjaet''
|c=05|''ziiθ''
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 52
! forest
|c=01|
|c=03|''Pahn''
|c=04|''pag''
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 53
! stick (of wood)
|c=01|
|c=03|''Zies''
|c=04|''sing''
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 54
! fruit
|c=01|
|c=03|''Teb''
|c=04|''djap''
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 55
! seed
|c=01|
|c=03|''Ied''
|c=04|''jeodn''
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 56
! leaf
|c=01|''iim''
|c=03|''Ihn, Schwad Reß, Ihn Reß''
|c=04|''im''
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 57
! root
|c=01|
|c=03|''Nglab''
|c=04|''habat''
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 58
! bark (of tree)
|c=01|
|c=03|''Rähn''
|c=04|''rjang''
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 59
! flower
|c=01|
|c=03|''Schwied''
|c=04|''svjo''
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|

==== 60-79 ====
! [[w:English|English]]
!c=01| <abbr title="Proto-Wiobic">[[Wiobic languages|PHS]]</abbr>
!c=03| [[Hlou]]
!c=04| [[Tsjoen]]
!c=05| [[Feiden]]
!c=06| [[Æ]]
|-
|i=No| 60
! grass
|c=01|
|c=03|''Neib''
|c=04|''sae''
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 61
! rope
|c=01|
|c=03|''Ntied''
|c=04|''djoe''
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 62
! skin (of a person)
|c=01|
|c=03|''Xen''
|c=04|''xjeom''
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 63
! meat (as in flesh)
|c=01|
|c=03|''Eis''
|c=04|''ix''
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 64
! blood
|c=01|
|c=03|''Kaun''
|c=04|''tkjeov''
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 65
! bone
|c=01|
|c=03|''Ntreis''
|c=04|''vaekar''
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 66
! fat (noun)
|c=01|
|c=03|''Dlaug''
|c=04|''tlju''
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 67
! egg
|c=01|''kwee''
|c=03|''Sche''
|c=04|''kvje''
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 68
! horn
|c=01|
|c=03|''Fies''
|c=04|''fjes''
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 69
! tail
|c=01|
|c=03|''Saug''
|c=04|''xong''
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 70
! feather (rather not down)
|c=01|
|c=03|''Plaub''
|c=04|''voel''
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 71
! hair
|c=01|
|c=03|''Höß''
|c=04|''hosj''
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 72
! head
|c=01|
|c=03|''Pahn''
|c=04|''fnah''
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 73
! ear
|c=01|
|c=03|''Kob''
|c=04|''pir''
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 74
! eye
|c=01|
|c=03|''Gub''
|c=04|''geol''
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 75
! nose
|c=01|
|c=03|''Draud''
|c=04|''ilt''
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 76
! mouth
|c=01|
|c=03|''Mpoh''
|c=04|''boh''
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 77
! tooth (rather not molar) 
|c=01|
|c=03|''Ntzud''
|c=04|''zu''
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 78
! tongue
|c=01|
|c=03|''Tzog''
|c=04|''vazj''
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 79
! fingernail
|c=01|
|c=03|''Dxög''
|c=04|''bong-ram''
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|

==== 80-99 ====
! [[w:English|English]]
!c=01| <abbr title="Proto-Wiobic">[[Wiobic languages|PHS]]</abbr>
!c=03| [[Hlou]]
!c=04| [[Tsjoen]]
!c=05| [[Feiden]]
!c=06| [[Æ]]
|-
|i=No| 80
! foot
|c=01|
|c=03|''Bläg Run''
|c=04|''kjer''
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 81
! leg
|c=01|
|c=03|''Run''
|c=04|''hop''
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 82
! knee
|c=01|''heungun''
|c=03|''Mpföd''
|c=04|''hjungan''
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 83
! hand
|c=01|''mpaang''
|c=03|''Nla''
|c=04|''bong''
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 84
! wing
|c=01|
|c=03|''Drlau''
|c=04|''ljezj''
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 85
! belly
|c=01|
|c=03|''Sug''
|c=04|''xeo''
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 86
! guts
|c=01|
|c=03|''San''
|c=04|''psan''
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 87
! neck
|c=01|
|c=03|''Kläd''
|c=04|''ktaete''
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 88
! back
|c=01|
|c=03|''Ged''
|c=04|''gjed''
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 89
! breast
|c=01|
|c=03|''Schien''
|c=04|''xeunar''
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 90
! heart
|c=01|
|c=03|''Schleig''
|c=04|''ljeog''
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 91
! liver
|c=01|
|c=03|''Ad''
|c=04|''od''
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 92
! to drink
|c=01|
|c=03|''mpes''
|c=04|''vjeok''
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 93
! to eat
|c=01|
|c=03|''glob''
|c=04|''am''
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 94
! to bite
|c=01|
|c=03|''keb''
|c=04|''aek''
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 95
! to suck
|c=01|
|c=03|''blag''
|c=04|''blak''
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 96
! to spit
|c=01|
|c=03|''tug''
|c=04|''pah''
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 97
! to vomit
|c=01|
|c=03|''weig''
|c=04|''hvae''
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 98
! to blow (as wind)
|c=01|
|c=03|''zie''
|c=04|''tsrjeoh''
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 99
! to breathe
|c=01|
|c=03|''mlä''
|c=04|''vih''
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|

==== 100-119 ====
! [[w:English|English]]
!c=01| <abbr title="Proto-Wiobic">[[Wiobic languages|PHS]]</abbr>
!c=03| [[Hlou]]
!c=04| [[Tsjoen]]
!c=05| [[Feiden]]
!c=06| [[Æ]]
|-
|i=No| 100
! to laugh
|c=01|
|c=03|''mpfahn''
|c=04|''hjever''
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 101
! to see
|c=01|
|c=03|''duh''
|c=04|''tuk''
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 102
! to hear
|c=01|
|c=03|''rög''
|c=04|''ry''
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 103
! to know (a fact)
|c=01|
|c=03|''sab''
|c=04|''sjeo''
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 104
! to think
|c=01|
|c=03|''ndöß''
|c=04|''gdeoz''
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 105
! to smell (sense odor)
|c=01|
|c=03|''ntie''
|c=04|''dil''
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 106
! to fear
|c=01|
|c=03|''schmes''
|c=04|''tmje''
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 107
! to sleep
|c=01|
|c=03|''bleid''
|c=04|''blae''
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 108
! to live
|c=01|''yund-''
|c=03|''jun''
|c=04|''jeod''
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 109
! to die
|c=01|''rjeeb''
|c=03|''reb''
|c=04|''zje''
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 110
! to kill
|c=01|
|c=03|''schwad''
|c=04|''snjeoh''
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 111
! to fight
|c=01|
|c=03|''väb''
|c=04|''goetar''
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 112
! to hunt (transitive)
|c=01|
|c=03|''däug''
|c=04|''djunga''
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 113
! to hit
|c=01|
|c=03|''schaub''
|c=04|''hak''
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 114
! to cut
|c=01|
|c=03|''hiß''
|c=04|''hetj''
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 115
! to split
|c=01|
|c=03|''schräub''
|c=04|''draen''
|c=05|''drein''
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 116
! to stab (or stick)
|c=01|
|c=03|''klaß''
|c=04|''tnjok''
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 117
! to scratch (an itch)
|c=01|
|c=03|''schreib''
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 118
! to dig
|c=01|
|c=03|''noß''
|c=04|''nos''
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 119
! to swim
|c=01|
|c=03|''nkaud''
|c=04|''gju''
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|

==== 120-139 ====
! [[w:English|English]]
!c=01| <abbr title="Proto-Wiobic">[[Wiobic languages|PHS]]</abbr>
!c=03| [[Hlou]]
!c=04| [[Tsjoen]]
!c=05| [[Feiden]]
!c=06| [[Æ]]
|-
|i=No| 120
! to fly
|c=01|
|c=03|''nkaub''
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 121
! to walk
|c=01|
|c=03|''schmein''
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 122
! to come
|c=01|
|c=03|''schleib''
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 123
! to lie (as on one's side)
|c=01|
|c=03|''gei''
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 124
! to sit
|c=01|
|c=03|''ziel''
|c=04|''tjor''
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 125
! to stand
|c=01|
|c=03|''schwähl''
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 126
! to turn (change direction)
|c=01|
|c=03|''hüß''
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 127
! to fall (as in drop)
|c=01|
|c=03|''tob''
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 128
! to give
|c=01|
|c=03|''ntrein''
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 129
! to hold (in one's hand)
|c=01|
|c=03|''mplön''
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 130
! to squeeze
|c=01|
|c=03|''seb''
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 131
! to rub
|c=01|
|c=03|''klei''
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 132
! to wash
|c=01|
|c=03|''scheil''
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 133
! to wipe
|c=01|
|c=03|''pfad''
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 134
! to pull
|c=01|
|c=03|''pfehl''
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 135
! to push
|c=01|
|c=03|''plieg''
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 136
! to throw
|c=01|
|c=03|''luß''
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 137
! to tie
|c=01|
|c=03|''nzöhn''
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 138
! to sew
|c=01|
|c=03|''mpug''
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 139
! to count
|c=01|
|c=03|''tauß''
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|

==== 140-159 ====
! [[w:English|English]]
!c=01| <abbr title="Proto-Wiobic">[[Wiobic languages|PHS]]</abbr>
!c=03| [[Hlou]]
!c=04| [[Tsjoen]]
!c=05| [[Feiden]]
!c=06| [[Æ]]
|-
|i=No| 140
! to say
|c=01|
|c=03|''tlau''
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 141
! to sing
|c=01|
|c=03|''wed''
|c=04|''vjed''
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 142
! to play
|c=01|
|c=03|''schnab''
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 143
! to float
|c=01|
|c=03|''schwi''
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 144
! to flow
|c=01|
|c=03|'uhn''
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 145
! to freeze
|c=01|
|c=03|''mpföß''
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 146
! to swell
|c=01|
|c=03|''schwag''
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 147
! sun
|c=01|''pes''
|c=03|''Peß''
|c=04|''pjeos''
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 148
! moon
|c=01|''thuuntu''
|c=03|''Tuhn''
|c=04|''tud''
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 149
! star
|c=01|''heemp''
|c=03|''Hehn''
|c=04|''hjev''
|c=05|''hiib''
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 150
! water
|c=01|''niim''
|c=03|''Nihn''
|c=04|''nim''
|c=05|''naim''
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 151
! rain
|c=01|
|c=03|''Nklan''
|c=04|''sun''
|c=05|''haun''
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 152
! river
|c=01|
|c=03|''Noh''
|c=04|''brjeong''
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 153
! lake
|c=01|
|c=03|''Ntzäu''
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 154
! sea (as in ocean)
|c=01|
|c=03|''Lahn''
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 155
! salt
|c=01|''ntjwain''
|c=03|''Ntxein''
|c=04|''zvaen''
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 156
! stone
|c=01|
|c=03|''Pfaub''
|c=04|''pazjar''
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 157
! sand
|c=01|
|c=03|''Zieb''
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 158
! dust
|c=01|
|c=03|''Tleb''
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 159
! earth (as in soil)
|c=01|
|c=03|''Plaun''
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|

==== 160-179 ====
! [[w:English|English]]
!c=01| <abbr title="Proto-Wiobic">[[Wiobic languages|PHS]]</abbr>
!c=03| [[Hlou]]
!c=04| [[Tsjoen]]
!c=05| [[Feiden]]
!c=06| [[Æ]]
|-
|i=No| 160
! cloud
|c=01|
|c=03|''Behn''
|c=04|''hvjota''
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 161
! fog
|c=01|
|c=03|''Tsal''
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 162
! sky
|c=01|
|c=03|''Ntse''
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 163
! wind (as in breeze)
|c=01|
|c=03|''Txon''
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 164
! snow
|c=01|
|c=03|''Ntzäl''
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 165
! ice
|c=01|
|c=03|''Xien''
|c=04|
|c=05|
|-
|i=No| 166
! smoke
|c=01|
|c=03|''Trahn''
|c=04|
|c=05|
|-
|i=No| 167
! fire
|c=01|
|c=03|''Tlieg''
|c=04|
|c=05|
|-
|i=No| 168
! ashes
|c=01|
|c=03|''Plud''
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 169
! to burn (intransitive)
|c=01|
|c=03|''miel''
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 170
! road
|c=01|
|c=03|''Kähn''
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 171
! mountain
|c=01|
|c=03|''Schrog''
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 172
! red
|c=01|
|c=03|''mpfe''
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 173
! green
|c=01|
|c=03|''taub''
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 174
! yellow
|c=01|
|c=03|''schlieb''
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 175
! white
|c=01|
|c=03|''jag''
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 176
! black
|c=01|
|c=03|''peig''
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 177
! night
|c=01|
|c=03|''Dieß''
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 178
! day (daytime)
|c=01|
|c=03|''Mös''
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 179
! year
|c=01|
|c=03|''Ndeg''
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|

==== 180-199 ====
! [[w:English|English]]
!c=01| <abbr title="Proto-Wiobic">[[Wiobic languages|PHS]]</abbr>
!c=03| [[Hlou]]
!c=04| [[Tsjoen]]
!c=05| [[Feiden]]
!c=06| [[Æ]]
|-
|i=No| 180
! warm (as in weather)
|c=01|
|c=03|''ntzäg''
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 181
! cold (as in weather)
|c=01|
|c=03|''tä''
|c=04|''tang''
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 182
! full
|c=01|
|c=03|''seib''
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 183
! new
|c=01|
|c=03|''höß''
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 184
! old
|c=01|
|c=03|''schwä''
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 185
! good
|c=01|''sjaa''
|c=03|''vög''
|c=04|''xa''
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 186
! bad
|c=01|
|c=03|''ntsaul''
|c=04|''muk''
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 187
! rotten (as, a log) 
|c=01|
|c=03|''nrieß''
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 188
! dirty
|c=01|
|c=03|''pleig''
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 189
! straight
|c=01|
|c=03|''pfih''
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 190
! round
|c=01|
|c=03|''tug''
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 191
! sharp (as a knife)
|c=01|
|c=03|''äb''
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 192
! dull (as a knife)
|c=01|
|c=03|''vieb''
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 193
! smooth
|c=01|
|c=03|''klab''
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 194
! wet
|c=01|
|c=03|''jaul''
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 195
! dry (adjective)
|c=01|
|c=03|''öb''
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 196
! right (correct)
|c=01|
|c=03|''schweig''
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 197
! near
|c=01|
|c=03|''vahn''
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 198
! far
|c=01|
|c=03|''gliel''
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 199
! right (side)
|c=01|
|c=03|''bleh''
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No|

==== 200-207 ====
! [[w:English|English]]
!c=01| <abbr title="Proto-Wiobic">[[Wiobic languages|PHS]]</abbr>
!c=03| [[Hlou]]
!c=04| [[Tsjoen]]
!c=05| [[Feiden]]
!c=06| [[Æ]]
|-
|i=No| 200
! left (side)
|c=01|
|c=03|''ntzöß''
|c=04|''zys''
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 201
! at
|c=01|
|c=03|''bis''
|c=04|''je''
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 202
! in
|c=01|
|c=03|''bis''
|c=04|''ha''
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 203
! with (accompanying)
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|''sae''
|c=05|
|c=07|
|-
|i=No| 204
! and
|c=01|
|c=03|''aus''
|c=04|''ti''
|c=05|
|c=07|
|-
|i=No| 205
! if
|c=01|
|c=03|''daß''
|c=04|''sjeol''
|c=05|
|c=07|
|-
|i=No| 206
! because
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|''dmu''
|c=05|
|c=07|
|-
|i=No| 207
! name
|c=01|
|c=03|''Ntrob''
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|}

Schlaub/Swadesh list

2024-10-26T16:26:34Z

Praimhín:

__TOC__

{| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align: center; width: 900px"
|
==== 1-19 ====
! [[w:English|English]]
!c=01| <abbr title="Proto-Wiobic">PHS</abbr>
!c=02| [[Hlou]]
!c=04| [[Tsjoen]]
!c=05| [[Feiden]]
!c=06| [[Æ]]
|-
|i=No| 1
! I
|c=01|
|c=03| ''xan''
|c=04| ''xi'' (informal), ''vael'' (formal)
|c=05| ''sai''
|c=06| ''hi''
|-
| i=No|2
! thou
|c=01|
|c=03| ''zied''
|c=04| ''mae'' (informal), ''zatj'' (formal)
|c=05| ''mei''
|c=06|
|-
|i=No|3
! he; she; it
|c=e1|
|c=03| ''so'' (animate); ''ja'' (inanimate)
|c=04| ''bae''
|c=05| ''hi''
|c=06|
|-
|i=No| 4
! we
|c=01|
|c=03| ''dahn''
|c=04| ''to''
|c=05| ''θaup''
|c=06|
|-
|i=No| 5
! you
|c=01|
|c=03| ''schlag''
|c=04| ''zjo''
|c=05| ''śaup''
|c=06|
|-
|i=No| 6
! they
|c=01|
|c=03| ''zug''
|c=04| ''sjuna''
|c=05|
|c=06|
|-
|i=No| 7
! this
|c=01| ''mpaid''
|c=03| ''naus''
|c=04| ''bae''
|c=05| ''bait''
|c=06|
|-
|i=No| 8
! that
|c=01| ''hia''
|c=03| ''nein''
|c=04| ''hjeo, hi''
|c=05| ''hi''
|c=06|
|-
|i=No| 9
! here
|c=01|''saam''
|c=03|''draus''
|c=04|''som''
|c=05|''xaum''
|c=06|
|-
|i=No| 10
! there
|c=01|''hiim''
|c=03|''drein''
|c=04|''him''
|c=05|''haim''
|c=06|
|-
|i=No| 11
! who
|c=01|''laat''
|c=03|''nab''
|c=04|''lot''
|c=05|''laut''
|c=06|
|-
|i=No| 12
! what
|c=01|''laa''
|c=03|''nab''
|c=04|what: ''loe''; which/what kind of X: ''lod''
|c=05|''lau''
|c=06|
|-
|i=No| 13
! where
|c=01|''lam''
|c=03|''drab''
|c=04|''lam''
|c=05|''lam''
|c=06|
|-
|i=No| 14
! when
|c=01|''laasji''
|c=03|''flei nab''
|c=04|''loex''
|c=05|''liis''
|c=06|
|-
|i=No| 15
! how
|c=01|''laani''
|c=03|''rab''
|c=04|''loen''
|c=05|''liin''
|c=06|
|-
|i=No| 16
! not
|c=01|''maa''
|c=03|''eh''
|c=04|''si''
|c=05|''mau''
|c=06|
|-
|i=No| 17
! all
|c=01|
|c=03|''was, nad''
|c=04|''nart''
|c=05|
|c=06|
|-
|i=No| 18
! many
|c=01|
|c=03|''des''
|c=04|''stal''
|c=05|
|c=06|
|-
|i=No| 19
! some
|c=01|
|c=03|''ihn''
|c=04|''iv''
|c=05|
|c=06|
|-
|

==== 20-39 ====
! [[w:English|English]]
!c=01| <abbr title="Proto-Wiobic">[[Wiobic languages|PHS]]</abbr>
!c=03| [[Hlou]]
!c=04| [[Tsjoen]]
!c=05| [[Feiden]]
!c=06| [[Æ]]
|-
|i=No| 20
! few
|c=01|''anku''
|c=03|''seh''
|c=04|''ag''
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 21
! other
|c=01|''muuntu''
|c=03|''mein''
|c=04|''mud''
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 22
! one
|c=01|''sotj''
|c=03|''die''
|c=04|''seots''
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 23
! two
|c=01|''kliad''
|c=03|''beid''
|c=04|''kljeo''
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 24
! three
|c=01|''skaab''
|c=03|''lähn''
|c=04|''sko''
|c=05|''skaup''
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 25
! four
|c=01|''mooj''
|c=03|''schred''
|c=04|''moe''
|c=05|''mai''
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 26
! five
|c=01|''fahw''
|c=03|''kaß''
|c=04|''fah''
|c=05|''fah''
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 27
! big
|c=01|
|c=03|''hahn, jas schahn''
|c=04|''sjev''
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 28
! long
|c=01|
|c=03|''schrau, jas raug''
|c=04|''nams''
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 29
! wide
|c=01|''yampəng''
|c=03|''jas mbän''
|c=04|''javng''
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 30
! thick
|c=01|''ntiimar''
|c=03|''ntieß''
|c=04|''dimar''
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 31
! heavy
|c=01|
|c=03|''glauß''
|c=04|''pteung''
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 32
! small
|c=01|''rjaari''
|c=03|''räh''
|c=04|''zjaer''
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 33
! short
|c=01|
|c=03|''läun''
|c=04|''aeng''
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 34
! narrow
|c=01|
|c=03|''räh mbän''
|c=04|''xeov''
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 35
! thin
|c=01|
|c=03|''mlo''
|c=04|''zax''
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 36
! woman
|c=01|
|c=03|''Ndsied''
|c=04|''jus''
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 37
! man (male)
|c=01|
|c=03|''Tre''
|c=04|''teuk''
|c=05|''hal''
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 38
! person
|c=01|
|c=03|''Ndob''
|c=04|''zjo''
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 39
! child (a youth)
|c=01|
|c=03|''Ntrah''
|c=04|''keofts''
|c=05|''drauk''
|c=08|
|-
|

==== 40-59 ====
! [[w:English|English]]
!c=01| <abbr title="Proto-Wiobic">[[Wiobic languages|PHS]]</abbr>
!c=03| [[Hlou]]
!c=04| [[Tsjoen]]
!c=05| [[Feiden]]
!c=06| [[Æ]]
|-
|i=No| 40
! wife
|c=01|
|c=03|''Nrod''
|c=04|''zjeosm''
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 41
! husband
|c=01|
|c=03|''Nrod''
|c=04|''burad''
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 42
! mother
|c=01|
|c=03|''Ma''
|c=04|''mjeng''
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 43
! father
|c=01|
|c=03|''Pa''
|c=04|''bjeng''
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 44
! animal
|c=01|
|c=03|''Wahn''
|c=04|''jeodal''
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 45
! fish
|c=01|
|c=03|''Schuh''
|c=04|''ftje''
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 46
! bird
|c=01|
|c=03|''Wug''
|c=04|''ny''
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 47
! dog
|c=01|
|c=03|''Schun''
|c=04|''droe''
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 48
! louse
|c=01|
|c=03|''Säb''
|c=04|''sjan''
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 49
! snake
|c=01|
|c=03|''Schlös''
|c=04|''om''
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 50
! worm
|c=01|
|c=03|''Täd''
|c=04|''taezj''
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 51
! tree
|c=01|''nsaati''
|c=03|''Reß''
|c=04|''zjaet''
|c=05|''ziiθ''
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 52
! forest
|c=01|
|c=03|''Pahn''
|c=04|''pag''
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 53
! stick (of wood)
|c=01|
|c=03|''Zies''
|c=04|''sing''
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 54
! fruit
|c=01|
|c=03|''Teb''
|c=04|''djap''
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 55
! seed
|c=01|
|c=03|''Ied''
|c=04|''jeodn''
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 56
! leaf
|c=01|''iim''
|c=03|''Ihn, Schwad Reß, Ihn Reß''
|c=04|''im''
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 57
! root
|c=01|
|c=03|''Nglab''
|c=04|''habat''
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 58
! bark (of tree)
|c=01|
|c=03|''Rähn''
|c=04|''rjang''
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 59
! flower
|c=01|
|c=03|''Schwied''
|c=04|''svjo''
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|

==== 60-79 ====
! [[w:English|English]]
!c=01| <abbr title="Proto-Wiobic">[[Wiobic languages|PHS]]</abbr>
!c=03| [[Hlou]]
!c=04| [[Tsjoen]]
!c=05| [[Feiden]]
!c=06| [[Æ]]
|-
|i=No| 60
! grass
|c=01|
|c=03|''Neib''
|c=04|''sae''
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 61
! rope
|c=01|
|c=03|''Ntied''
|c=04|''djoe''
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 62
! skin (of a person)
|c=01|
|c=03|''Xen''
|c=04|''xjeom''
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 63
! meat (as in flesh)
|c=01|
|c=03|''Eis''
|c=04|''ix''
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 64
! blood
|c=01|
|c=03|''Kaun''
|c=04|''tkjeov''
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 65
! bone
|c=01|
|c=03|''Ntreis''
|c=04|''vaekar''
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 66
! fat (noun)
|c=01|
|c=03|''Dlaug''
|c=04|''tlju''
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 67
! egg
|c=01|''kwee''
|c=03|''Sche''
|c=04|''kvje''
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 68
! horn
|c=01|
|c=03|''Fies''
|c=04|''fjes''
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 69
! tail
|c=01|
|c=03|''Saug''
|c=04|''xong''
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 70
! feather (rather not down)
|c=01|
|c=03|''Plaub''
|c=04|''voel''
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 71
! hair
|c=01|
|c=03|''Höß''
|c=04|''hosj''
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 72
! head
|c=01|
|c=03|''Pahn''
|c=04|''fnah''
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 73
! ear
|c=01|
|c=03|''Kob''
|c=04|''pir''
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 74
! eye
|c=01|
|c=03|''Gub''
|c=04|''geol''
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 75
! nose
|c=01|
|c=03|''Draud''
|c=04|''ilt''
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 76
! mouth
|c=01|
|c=03|''Mpoh''
|c=04|''boh''
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 77
! tooth (rather not molar) 
|c=01|
|c=03|''Ntzud''
|c=04|''zu''
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 78
! tongue
|c=01|
|c=03|''Tzog''
|c=04|''vazj''
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 79
! fingernail
|c=01|
|c=03|''Dxög''
|c=04|''bong-ram''
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|

==== 80-99 ====
! [[w:English|English]]
!c=01| <abbr title="Proto-Wiobic">[[Wiobic languages|PHS]]</abbr>
!c=03| [[Hlou]]
!c=04| [[Tsjoen]]
!c=05| [[Feiden]]
!c=06| [[Æ]]
|-
|i=No| 80
! foot
|c=01|
|c=03|''Kehr''
|c=04|''kjer''
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 81
! leg
|c=01|
|c=03|''Zrahk''
|c=04|''hop''
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 82
! knee
|c=01|''heungun''
|c=03|''Hiung''
|c=04|''hjungan''
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 83
! hand
|c=01|''mpaang''
|c=03|''Mpahng''
|c=04|''bong''
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 84
! wing
|c=01|
|c=03|''Gähmp''
|c=04|''ljezj''
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 85
! belly
|c=01|
|c=03|''jug''
|c=04|''xeo''
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 86
! guts
|c=01|
|c=03|''Psan''
|c=04|''psan''
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 87
! neck
|c=01|
|c=03|''Ktäte''
|c=04|''ktaete''
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 88
! back
|c=01|
|c=03|''Gehnt''
|c=04|''gjed''
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 89
! breast
|c=01|
|c=03|''Siner''
|c=04|''xeunar''
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 90
! heart
|c=01|
|c=03|''Link''
|c=04|''ljeog''
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 91
! liver
|c=01|
|c=03|''Ahnt''
|c=04|''od''
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 92
! to drink
|c=01|
|c=03|''mpes''
|c=04|''vjeok''
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 93
! to eat
|c=01|
|c=03|''grob''
|c=04|''am''
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 94
! to bite
|c=01|
|c=03|''kep''
|c=04|''aek''
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 95
! to suck
|c=01|
|c=03|''blak''
|c=04|''blak''
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 96
! to spit
|c=01|
|c=03|''peg''
|c=04|''pah''
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 97
! to vomit
|c=01|
|c=03|''weig''
|c=04|''hvae''
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 98
! to blow (as wind)
|c=01|
|c=03|''zrie''
|c=04|''tsrjeoh''
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 99
! to breathe
|c=01|
|c=03|''tmang''
|c=04|''vih''
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|

==== 100-119 ====
! [[w:English|English]]
!c=01| <abbr title="Proto-Wiobic">[[Wiobic languages|PHS]]</abbr>
!c=03| [[Hlou]]
!c=04| [[Tsjoen]]
!c=05| [[Feiden]]
!c=06| [[Æ]]
|-
|i=No| 100
! to laugh
|c=01|
|c=03|''mpfahn''
|c=04|''hjever''
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 101
! to see
|c=01|
|c=03|''tuh''
|c=04|''tuk''
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 102
! to hear
|c=01|
|c=03|''rög''
|c=04|''ry''
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 103
! to know (a fact)
|c=01|
|c=03|''sab''
|c=04|''sjeo''
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 104
! to think
|c=01|
|c=03|''ndöß''
|c=04|''gdeoz''
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 105
! to smell (sense odor)
|c=01|
|c=03|''ntie''
|c=04|''dil''
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 106
! to fear
|c=01|
|c=03|''schmes''
|c=04|''tmje''
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 107
! to sleep
|c=01|
|c=03|''bleid''
|c=04|''blae''
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 108
! to live
|c=01|''yund-''
|c=03|''jun''
|c=04|''jeod''
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 109
! to die
|c=01|''rjeeb''
|c=03|''reb''
|c=04|''zje''
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 110
! to kill
|c=01|
|c=03|''schwad''
|c=04|''snjeoh''
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 111
! to fight
|c=01|
|c=03|''väb''
|c=04|''goetar''
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 112
! to hunt (transitive)
|c=01|
|c=03|''däug''
|c=04|''djunga''
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 113
! to hit
|c=01|
|c=03|''schaub''
|c=04|''hak''
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 114
! to cut
|c=01|
|c=03|''hiß''
|c=04|''hetj''
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 115
! to split
|c=01|
|c=03|''schräub''
|c=04|''draen''
|c=05|''drein''
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 116
! to stab (or stick)
|c=01|
|c=03|''klaß''
|c=04|''tnjok''
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 117
! to scratch (an itch)
|c=01|
|c=03|''schreib''
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 118
! to dig
|c=01|
|c=03|''noß''
|c=04|''nos''
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 119
! to swim
|c=01|
|c=03|''nkaud''
|c=04|''gju''
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|

==== 120-139 ====
! [[w:English|English]]
!c=01| <abbr title="Proto-Wiobic">[[Wiobic languages|PHS]]</abbr>
!c=03| [[Hlou]]
!c=04| [[Tsjoen]]
!c=05| [[Feiden]]
!c=06| [[Æ]]
|-
|i=No| 120
! to fly
|c=01|
|c=03|''nkaub''
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 121
! to walk
|c=01|
|c=03|''schmein''
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 122
! to come
|c=01|
|c=03|''schleib''
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 123
! to lie (as on one's side)
|c=01|
|c=03|''gei''
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 124
! to sit
|c=01|
|c=03|''ziel''
|c=04|''tjor''
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 125
! to stand
|c=01|
|c=03|''schwähl''
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 126
! to turn (change direction)
|c=01|
|c=03|''hüß''
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 127
! to fall (as in drop)
|c=01|
|c=03|''tob''
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 128
! to give
|c=01|
|c=03|''ntrein''
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 129
! to hold (in one's hand)
|c=01|
|c=03|''mplön''
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 130
! to squeeze
|c=01|
|c=03|''seb''
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 131
! to rub
|c=01|
|c=03|''klei''
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 132
! to wash
|c=01|
|c=03|''scheil''
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 133
! to wipe
|c=01|
|c=03|''pfad''
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 134
! to pull
|c=01|
|c=03|''pfehl''
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 135
! to push
|c=01|
|c=03|''plieg''
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 136
! to throw
|c=01|
|c=03|''luß''
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 137
! to tie
|c=01|
|c=03|''nzöhn''
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 138
! to sew
|c=01|
|c=03|''mpug''
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 139
! to count
|c=01|
|c=03|''tauß''
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|

==== 140-159 ====
! [[w:English|English]]
!c=01| <abbr title="Proto-Wiobic">[[Wiobic languages|PHS]]</abbr>
!c=03| [[Hlou]]
!c=04| [[Tsjoen]]
!c=05| [[Feiden]]
!c=06| [[Æ]]
|-
|i=No| 140
! to say
|c=01|
|c=03|''tlau''
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 141
! to sing
|c=01|
|c=03|''wed''
|c=04|''vjed''
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 142
! to play
|c=01|
|c=03|''schnab''
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 143
! to float
|c=01|
|c=03|''schwi''
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 144
! to flow
|c=01|
|c=03|'uhn''
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 145
! to freeze
|c=01|
|c=03|''mpföß''
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 146
! to swell
|c=01|
|c=03|''schwag''
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 147
! sun
|c=01|''pes''
|c=03|''Peß''
|c=04|''pjeos''
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 148
! moon
|c=01|''thuuntu''
|c=03|''Tuhn''
|c=04|''tud''
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 149
! star
|c=01|''heemp''
|c=03|''Hehn''
|c=04|''hjev''
|c=05|''hiib''
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 150
! water
|c=01|''niim''
|c=03|''Nihn''
|c=04|''nim''
|c=05|''naim''
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 151
! rain
|c=01|
|c=03|''Nklan''
|c=04|''sun''
|c=05|''haun''
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 152
! river
|c=01|
|c=03|''Noh''
|c=04|''brjeong''
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 153
! lake
|c=01|
|c=03|''Ntzäu''
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 154
! sea (as in ocean)
|c=01|
|c=03|''Lahn''
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 155
! salt
|c=01|''ntjwain''
|c=03|''Ntxein''
|c=04|''zvaen''
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 156
! stone
|c=01|
|c=03|''Pfaub''
|c=04|''pazjar''
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 157
! sand
|c=01|
|c=03|''Zieb''
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 158
! dust
|c=01|
|c=03|''Tleb''
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 159
! earth (as in soil)
|c=01|
|c=03|''Plaun''
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|

==== 160-179 ====
! [[w:English|English]]
!c=01| <abbr title="Proto-Wiobic">[[Wiobic languages|PHS]]</abbr>
!c=03| [[Hlou]]
!c=04| [[Tsjoen]]
!c=05| [[Feiden]]
!c=06| [[Æ]]
|-
|i=No| 160
! cloud
|c=01|
|c=03|''Behn''
|c=04|''hvjota''
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 161
! fog
|c=01|
|c=03|''Tsal''
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 162
! sky
|c=01|
|c=03|''Ntse''
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 163
! wind (as in breeze)
|c=01|
|c=03|''Txon''
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 164
! snow
|c=01|
|c=03|''Ntzäl''
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 165
! ice
|c=01|
|c=03|''Xien''
|c=04|
|c=05|
|-
|i=No| 166
! smoke
|c=01|
|c=03|''Trahn''
|c=04|
|c=05|
|-
|i=No| 167
! fire
|c=01|
|c=03|''Tlieg''
|c=04|
|c=05|
|-
|i=No| 168
! ashes
|c=01|
|c=03|''Plud''
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 169
! to burn (intransitive)
|c=01|
|c=03|''miel''
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 170
! road
|c=01|
|c=03|''Kähn''
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 171
! mountain
|c=01|
|c=03|''Schrog''
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 172
! red
|c=01|
|c=03|''mpfe''
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 173
! green
|c=01|
|c=03|''taub''
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 174
! yellow
|c=01|
|c=03|''schlieb''
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 175
! white
|c=01|
|c=03|''jag''
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 176
! black
|c=01|
|c=03|''peig''
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 177
! night
|c=01|
|c=03|''Dieß''
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 178
! day (daytime)
|c=01|
|c=03|''Mös''
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 179
! year
|c=01|
|c=03|''Ndeg''
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|

==== 180-199 ====
! [[w:English|English]]
!c=01| <abbr title="Proto-Wiobic">[[Wiobic languages|PHS]]</abbr>
!c=03| [[Hlou]]
!c=04| [[Tsjoen]]
!c=05| [[Feiden]]
!c=06| [[Æ]]
|-
|i=No| 180
! warm (as in weather)
|c=01|
|c=03|''ntzäg''
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 181
! cold (as in weather)
|c=01|
|c=03|''tä''
|c=04|''tang''
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 182
! full
|c=01|
|c=03|''seib''
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 183
! new
|c=01|
|c=03|''höß''
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 184
! old
|c=01|
|c=03|''schwä''
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 185
! good
|c=01|''sjaa''
|c=03|''vög''
|c=04|''xa''
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 186
! bad
|c=01|
|c=03|''ntsaul''
|c=04|''muk''
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 187
! rotten (as, a log) 
|c=01|
|c=03|''nrieß''
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 188
! dirty
|c=01|
|c=03|''pleig''
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 189
! straight
|c=01|
|c=03|''pfih''
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 190
! round
|c=01|
|c=03|''tug''
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 191
! sharp (as a knife)
|c=01|
|c=03|''äb''
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 192
! dull (as a knife)
|c=01|
|c=03|''vieb''
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 193
! smooth
|c=01|
|c=03|''klab''
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 194
! wet
|c=01|
|c=03|''jaul''
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 195
! dry (adjective)
|c=01|
|c=03|''öb''
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 196
! right (correct)
|c=01|
|c=03|''schweig''
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 197
! near
|c=01|
|c=03|''vahn''
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 198
! far
|c=01|
|c=03|''gliel''
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 199
! right (side)
|c=01|
|c=03|''bleh''
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No|

==== 200-207 ====
! [[w:English|English]]
!c=01| <abbr title="Proto-Wiobic">[[Wiobic languages|PHS]]</abbr>
!c=03| [[Hlou]]
!c=04| [[Tsjoen]]
!c=05| [[Feiden]]
!c=06| [[Æ]]
|-
|i=No| 200
! left (side)
|c=01|
|c=03|''ntzöß''
|c=04|''zys''
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 201
! at
|c=01|
|c=03|''bis''
|c=04|''je''
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 202
! in
|c=01|
|c=03|''bis''
|c=04|''ha''
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 203
! with (accompanying)
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|''sae''
|c=05|
|c=07|
|-
|i=No| 204
! and
|c=01|
|c=03|''aus''
|c=04|''ti''
|c=05|
|c=07|
|-
|i=No| 205
! if
|c=01|
|c=03|''daß''
|c=04|''sjeol''
|c=05|
|c=07|
|-
|i=No| 206
! because
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|''dmu''
|c=05|
|c=07|
|-
|i=No| 207
! name
|c=01|
|c=03|''Ntrob''
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|}

Brung

2024-03-03T21:56:02Z

Praimhín:

'''Brung''' is a Khoisan language isolate spoken in Lõis's South Africa and Namibia.
==Phonology==
===Orthography===
===Consonants===

prevoiced stops spelled '''dt, bp, gk'''?
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg " style="width: 700px; text-align: center;"
|+ '''{{PAGENAME}} consonants'''
! colspan="2"|
! | Labial
! | Alveolar
! | Palatal
! | Velar
! | Uvular
! | Glottal
|-
! rowspan="2" |Click
! | voiceless
| colspan="6"| '''kʘ''' /kʘ/, '''k!''' /k!/, '''kǀ''' /kǀ/, '''kǁ''' /ɡǁ/, '''kǂ''' /kǂ/
|-
! | voiced
| colspan="6"| '''gʘ''' /ŋʘ~ɡʘ/, '''g!''' /ŋ!~ɡ!/, '''gǀ''' /ŋǀ~ɡǀ/, '''gǁ''' /ɡǁ/, '''gǂ''' /ŋǂ~ɡǂ/
|-
! colspan="2" | Nasal
| '''m''' /m/
| '''n''' /n/
|
| '''ng''' /ŋ/
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |Plosive
! | voiceless
| '''p''' /p/
| '''t''' /t/
|
| '''k, ck''' /k/
|
| /ʔ-/
|-
! | voiced
| '''b''' /b/
| '''d''' /d/
|
| '''g''' /ɡ/
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |Fricative
! | voiceless
| '''f''' /f/
| '''ß''' /s/, '''ßch''' /ʃ/
| '''ch''' /ç/
|
| '''ch''' [χ]
| '''h''' /h/
|-
! | voiced
| '''w''' /v/
| '''s''' /z/, '''sch''' /ʒ/
|
|
|
|
|-
! colspan="2" |Affricate
| '''pf''' /pf/, '''bw''' /bv/
| '''z, tz''' /ts/
|
| '''kch''' /kx/
|
|
|-
! colspan="2" |Tap
|
| '''r''' /ɾ/
|
|
|
|
|-
! colspan="2" |Approximant
|
| '''l''' /l/
| '''j''' /j/
|
|
|
|}

===Vowels===
Lifted from Finnish.

Brung has vowel harmony where front and back vowels can't be in the same word; in addition, there's also click harmony where words that have front vowels can have palatal clicks but not alveolar clicks, which pattern with back vowels. Bilabial, dental and lateral clicks are considered neutral.

===Prosody===
Prosody and other suprasegmentals are very similar to Standard German.

===Phonotactics===

===Morphophonology===

==Morphology==

Nouns in Brung have three grammatical genders as in German and Nama.

There are four grammatical cases: nominative, accusative, genitive/prepositional and ablative, the last functioning as a partitive and a dechticaetiative.

Nominal morphology is marked entirely on the article/determiner. Determiners depend on specificity, deixis, gender, number, case, and honorifics.

==Syntax==
===Constituent order===
===Noun phrase===
===Verb phrase===
===Sentence phrase===
===Dependent clauses===


==Example texts==

==Other resources==




[[Category:{{PAGENAME}}]]
[[Category:Languages]]

Brung

2024-03-03T21:55:21Z

Praimhín:

'''Brung''' is a language isolate inspired by German and Khoisan languages spoken in Lõis's South Africa and Namibia.
==Phonology==
===Orthography===
===Consonants===

prevoiced stops spelled '''dt, bp, gk'''?
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg " style="width: 700px; text-align: center;"
|+ '''{{PAGENAME}} consonants'''
! colspan="2"|
! | Labial
! | Alveolar
! | Palatal
! | Velar
! | Uvular
! | Glottal
|-
! rowspan="2" |Click
! | voiceless
| colspan="6"| '''kʘ''' /kʘ/, '''k!''' /k!/, '''kǀ''' /kǀ/, '''kǁ''' /ɡǁ/, '''kǂ''' /kǂ/
|-
! | voiced
| colspan="6"| '''gʘ''' /ŋʘ~ɡʘ/, '''g!''' /ŋ!~ɡ!/, '''gǀ''' /ŋǀ~ɡǀ/, '''gǁ''' /ɡǁ/, '''gǂ''' /ŋǂ~ɡǂ/
|-
! colspan="2" | Nasal
| '''m''' /m/
| '''n''' /n/
|
| '''ng''' /ŋ/
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |Plosive
! | voiceless
| '''p''' /p/
| '''t''' /t/
|
| '''k, ck''' /k/
|
| /ʔ-/
|-
! | voiced
| '''b''' /b/
| '''d''' /d/
|
| '''g''' /ɡ/
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |Fricative
! | voiceless
| '''f''' /f/
| '''ß''' /s/, '''ßch''' /ʃ/
| '''ch''' /ç/
|
| '''ch''' [χ]
| '''h''' /h/
|-
! | voiced
| '''w''' /v/
| '''s''' /z/, '''sch''' /ʒ/
|
|
|
|
|-
! colspan="2" |Affricate
| '''pf''' /pf/, '''bw''' /bv/
| '''z, tz''' /ts/
|
| '''kch''' /kx/
|
|
|-
! colspan="2" |Tap
|
| '''r''' /ɾ/
|
|
|
|
|-
! colspan="2" |Approximant
|
| '''l''' /l/
| '''j''' /j/
|
|
|
|}

===Vowels===
Lifted from Finnish.

Brung has vowel harmony where front and back vowels can't be in the same word; in addition, there's also click harmony where words that have front vowels can have palatal clicks but not alveolar clicks, which pattern with back vowels. Bilabial, dental and lateral clicks are considered neutral.

===Prosody===
Prosody and other suprasegmentals are very similar to Standard German.

===Phonotactics===

===Morphophonology===

==Morphology==

Nouns in Brung have three grammatical genders as in German and Nama.

There are four grammatical cases: nominative, accusative, genitive/prepositional and ablative, the last functioning as a partitive and a dechticaetiative.

Nominal morphology is marked entirely on the article/determiner. Determiners depend on specificity, deixis, gender, number, case, and honorifics.

==Syntax==
===Constituent order===
===Noun phrase===
===Verb phrase===
===Sentence phrase===
===Dependent clauses===


==Example texts==

==Other resources==




[[Category:{{PAGENAME}}]]
[[Category:Languages]]

Glommish/Musical system

2023-07-12T08:43:01Z

Praimhín: /* North African Thedish music */

Music in Thedish speaking cultures differed strongly depending on region; Italian Thedish music was closer to European musical styles whereas North African Thedish music had more in common with Middle Eastern musical styles. Both styles are common among Thedes today.

==Musical terms==

Thedish musicians prefer to translate or calque musical terms.

===Italian Thedish music===

slap = piano (soft)

stark = forte (loud)

fanþiend = andante (walking)

pik = allegro, vivace (lively)

úthużengfól = expressive

slýþsam = adagio (slow)

snióen yncz = not rushed

þí spriakstamnie = Sprechstimme

þí simbskapie = chorus

===North African Thedish music===

żard = maqam

Maqam names used in Thedish music aren't translated: Rástı, Bajátı, Ażem, Kurdı, Sieká, Sabe, Hiżáz, Nahavend

sometimes they use ''dur'' and ''mól'' instead of Ażem and Nahavend

===Common musical forms===

furgang = bashraf; prelude

fiól = dulab; rondo

útþank = taqsim; impromptu

lióþ = song

lióþer = melody (from *hleu-þrą <- PIE *klew-trom)

==Styles==

===Thedish opera===
Very similar to Italian opera and often written in "Theditalian", a form of Italian with Germanic syntax; some modern composers write operas in Arabic and Persian

===Hybrid musical forms===
Contemporary Thedish music incorporates both Arab and European influences; for instance symphonies are written in maqams

==Thedish musicians==

[to revamp]

Glommish/Musical system

2023-05-20T23:17:27Z

Praimhín: /* Thedish musicians */

Music in Thedish speaking cultures differed strongly depending on region; Italian Thedish music was closer to European musical styles whereas North African Thedish music had more in common with Middle Eastern musical styles. Both styles are common among Thedes today.

==Musical terms==

Thedish musicians prefer to translate or calque musical terms.

===Italian Thedish music===

slap = piano (soft)

stark = forte (loud)

fanþiend = andante (walking)

pik = allegro, vivace (lively)

úthużengfól = expressive

slýþsam = adagio (slow)

snióen yncz = not rushed

þí spriakstamnie = Sprechstimme

þí simbskapie = chorus

===North African Thedish music===

żard = maqam

Maqam names used in Thedish music aren't translated: Rást, Baját, Ażem, Kurd, Syká, Sabe, Hiżáz, Nahavend

sometimes they use ''dur'' and ''mól'' instead of Ażem and Nahavend

===Common musical forms===

furgang = bashraf; prelude

fiól = dulab; rondo

útþank = taqsim; impromptu

lióþ = song

lióþer = melody (from *hleu-þrą <- PIE *klew-trom)

==Styles==

===Thedish opera===
Very similar to Italian opera and often written in "Theditalian", a form of Italian with Germanic syntax; some modern composers write operas in Arabic and Persian

===Hybrid musical forms===
Contemporary Thedish music incorporates both Arab and European influences; for instance symphonies are written in maqams

==Thedish musicians==

[to revamp]

Old Teuthish

2023-05-15T00:37:21Z

Praimhín: /* Verbs */

'''Old Teuthish''' is a language spoken in Lõis. It is classified in Lõis as a Germanic language, but relative to our timeline it is a sister of Proto-Germanic. It makes use of several archaisms such as the total absence of Verner's law, and contrastive stress inherited from PIE. It is also innovative in other ways, such as Grassmann's law.

==History==

Old Teuthish has a lot more historical attestation in Lõis than Proto-Germanic; it's comparable to Old English.

==Morphology==

Old Teuthish is a pretty standard ancient northern IE language, with a highly inflecting nominal morphology and a somewhat reduced verbal morphology.

There are seven grammatical cases in Old Teuthish: nominative, genitive, accusative, instrumental, dative, locative and vocative. There are also three numbers: singular, dual and plural, with the dual showing up only in pronouns and verbs.

<poem>
wulχwas, wulχwās
wulχwan, wulχwans
wulχwassa, wulχwān/wulχwajān/wulχwaān (depending on the dialect)
wulχwai, wulχwamas
wulχwā, wulχwamis
wulχwei, wulχwaisu
wulχwe!, wulχwās!
</poem>

<poem>
munθís, munθī́s
munθín, munθíns
munθī́s, munθíjān
munθī́, munθímas
munθī́, munθímis
munθī́, munθísu
munθí!, munθī́s!
</poem>

<poem>
purθús, purθíwes
purθún, purθúns
purθáus, purθíwān
purθíwi, purθúmas
purθū́, purθúmis
purθíwei, purθúsu
purθú!, purθíwes!
</poem>

===Adjectives===

Adjectives come in two different declensions, indefinite and definite, used as in Latvian.

<poem>
alθás, alθā́, alθán, alθḗ/alθṓs/alθā́
alθánān, alθā́n, alθán, alθáns/alθā́s/alθā
alθássa, alθáisās, alθássa, alθáisōn
alθámmē, alθáisē, alθámmē, alθáimas
alθánā, alθáisā, alθánā, alθáimis
alθámmi, alθáisā, alθámmi, alθáisu
</poem>

<poem>
alθṓ, alθā́n, alθṓ, alθ(á/ā́)nis/alθā́n
alθánun, alθā́nun, alθṓ, alθ(á/ā́)nus/alθā́n
alθínis, alθā́nis, alθínis, alθ(á/ā́)nōn
alθíni, alθā́ni, alθíni, alθ(ám/ā́)mas
alθínē, alθā́nē, alθínē, alθ(ám/ā́)mis
alθínī, alθā́nī, alθínī, alθ(ám/ā́)su
</poem>

Most adjectives follow this paradigm, except for ordinal numbers which use -ī- instead of -ā- in the weak declension.

===Verbs===
imperfect/preterite distinction as in Romance languages

===Lexicon===

*ainakúrθ, twikúrθ, θrikúrθ etc. = once, twice, thrice etc.

[[Category:Stem-Germanic]]

Old Teuthish

2023-05-14T07:12:56Z

Praimhín: /* Adjectives */

'''Old Teuthish''' is a language spoken in Lõis. It is classified in Lõis as a Germanic language, but relative to our timeline it is a sister of Proto-Germanic. It makes use of several archaisms such as the total absence of Verner's law, and contrastive stress inherited from PIE. It is also innovative in other ways, such as Grassmann's law.

==History==

Old Teuthish has a lot more historical attestation in Lõis than Proto-Germanic; it's comparable to Old English.

==Morphology==

Old Teuthish is a pretty standard ancient northern IE language, with a highly inflecting nominal morphology and a somewhat reduced verbal morphology.

There are seven grammatical cases in Old Teuthish: nominative, genitive, accusative, instrumental, dative, locative and vocative. There are also three numbers: singular, dual and plural, with the dual showing up only in pronouns and verbs.

<poem>
wulχwas, wulχwās
wulχwan, wulχwans
wulχwassa, wulχwān/wulχwajān/wulχwaān (depending on the dialect)
wulχwai, wulχwamas
wulχwā, wulχwamis
wulχwei, wulχwaisu
wulχwe!, wulχwās!
</poem>

<poem>
munθís, munθī́s
munθín, munθíns
munθī́s, munθíjān
munθī́, munθímas
munθī́, munθímis
munθī́, munθísu
munθí!, munθī́s!
</poem>

<poem>
purθús, purθíwes
purθún, purθúns
purθáus, purθíwān
purθíwi, purθúmas
purθū́, purθúmis
purθíwei, purθúsu
purθú!, purθíwes!
</poem>

===Adjectives===

Adjectives come in two different declensions, indefinite and definite, used as in Latvian.

<poem>
alθás, alθā́, alθán, alθḗ/alθṓs/alθā́
alθánān, alθā́n, alθán, alθáns/alθā́s/alθā
alθássa, alθáisās, alθássa, alθáisōn
alθámmē, alθáisē, alθámmē, alθáimas
alθánā, alθáisā, alθánā, alθáimis
alθámmi, alθáisā, alθámmi, alθáisu
</poem>

<poem>
alθṓ, alθā́n, alθṓ, alθ(á/ā́)nis/alθā́n
alθánun, alθā́nun, alθṓ, alθ(á/ā́)nus/alθā́n
alθínis, alθā́nis, alθínis, alθ(á/ā́)nōn
alθíni, alθā́ni, alθíni, alθ(ám/ā́)mas
alθínē, alθā́nē, alθínē, alθ(ám/ā́)mis
alθínī, alθā́nī, alθínī, alθ(ám/ā́)su
</poem>

Most adjectives follow this paradigm, except for ordinal numbers which use -ī- instead of -ā- in the weak declension.

===Verbs===

===Lexicon===

*ainakúrθ, twikúrθ, θrikúrθ etc. = once, twice, thrice etc.

[[Category:Stem-Germanic]]

Old Teuthish

2023-05-14T07:11:04Z

Praimhín: /* Adjectives */

Old Teuthish

2023-05-14T07:05:14Z

Praimhín: /* Adjectives */

Andarin

2023-05-12T01:09:46Z

Praimhín: /* Phonology */

'''Andarin''' is a [[Verse:Tricin|Trician]] language inspired by Tamil and Quenya.

<poem>
andarin turaittál, anintin turaittál
sindarin nelintanai ólaiyár, tanturaiyin
tolaittatu saittiruntu nérár atanál
silainyar nutittanar nál
</poem>
== Phonology ==
/t n d l ɭd r s j i e a o u iː eː aː oː uː/ <t n d l zh r s y i e a o u í é á ó ú>

Old Teuthish

2023-05-08T07:09:33Z

Praimhín: /* Morphology */ the definite article should be the weak adjective suffixes as a separate word

Old Teuthish

2023-05-08T07:08:33Z

Praimhín: /* Morphology */

Old Teuthish

2023-05-08T07:07:50Z

Praimhín: /* Morphology */

Old Teuthish

2023-05-08T07:03:30Z

Praimhín: /* Morphology */

Old Teuthish

2023-05-08T07:01:21Z

Praimhín: /* Morphology */

Old Teuthish

2023-05-08T07:01:06Z

Praimhín: Removed redirect to Hivantish

Old Teuthish

2023-05-08T06:54:33Z

Praimhín: Praimhín moved page Qivattutannguaq to Old Teuthish without leaving a redirect

#redirect [[Hivantish]]

Azalic

2023-05-04T06:25:23Z

Praimhín: Replaced content with "{{list subpages}} '''Azalic''' is a Hivantic language spoken in the country of Åzalaa in Verse:Ed Dynje. Category:Indo-European languages*Category:Ed Dynje"

{{list subpages}}
'''Azalic''' is a Hivantic language spoken in the country of Åzalaa in [[Verse:Ed Dynje]].

[[Category:Indo-European languages]][[Category:Azalic languages|*]][[Category:Ed Dynje]]

Verse:Anachron

2023-05-03T17:34:22Z

Praimhín: /* Hiberno-Xenic */

'''Anachron''' is where all our ([[User:IlL]] and [[User:Praimhín]]'s) historically hard-to-justify a-posteriori conlangs go.
== Xenic languages ==
=== Sino-Xenic ===
* [[{{FULLPAGENAME}}/Sino-Bantu]]
* [[{{FULLPAGENAME}}/Boethian]]
* [[{{FULLPAGENAME}}/Llun]]

=== Hispano-Xenic ===
* Hispano-Koiné Greek

=== Arabo-Xenic ===
* [[{{FULLPAGENAME}}/Arabo-Japanese]]
* [[{{FULLPAGENAME}}/Arabo-Irish]]
=== Hiberno-Xenic ===
* Hiberno-Japanese

===Hmoobo-Xenic===
*Hmoobo-Occitan

===Chittagono-Xenic===

=== Miscellaneous ===
* Ancient Greek-Xenic Japanese
* A Japano-Chinese

Verse:Anachron

2023-05-03T17:23:57Z

Praimhín: /* Sino-Xenic */

'''Anachron''' is where all our ([[User:IlL]] and [[User:Praimhín]]'s) historically hard-to-justify a-posteriori conlangs go.
== Xenic languages ==
=== Sino-Xenic ===
* [[{{FULLPAGENAME}}/Sino-Bantu]]
* [[{{FULLPAGENAME}}/Boethian]]
* [[{{FULLPAGENAME}}/Llun]]

=== Hispano-Xenic ===
* Hispano-Koiné Greek

=== Arabo-Xenic ===
* Perso-Arabo-Xenic Japanese
* [[{{FULLPAGENAME}}/Arabo-Irish]]
=== Hiberno-Xenic ===
* [[{{FULLPAGENAME}}/Hiberno-Arabic]]
* Hiberno-Japanese
=== Miscellaneous ===
* Ancient Greek-Xenic Japanese
* A Japano-Chinese

Verse:Irta/Calendars

2023-04-26T09:39:38Z

Praimhín: Created page with "==Remonitionist calendars== ===Lunar=== This is a variation of the Islamic calendar meant to take into account the Metonic cycle. Counterintuitively, the Remonitionist lunar calendar does so by shortening every fourth year by a lunar month. This way 20 lunar years are 235 months, the same as 19 solar years. ===Solar=== The Remonitionist solar calendar consists of 19 solar months, each with 19 days. Four or five additional days are inserted at the end of each year."

==Remonitionist calendars==
===Lunar===
This is a variation of the Islamic calendar meant to take into account the Metonic cycle. Counterintuitively, the Remonitionist lunar calendar does so by shortening every fourth year by a lunar month. This way 20 lunar years are 235 months, the same as 19 solar years.
===Solar===
The Remonitionist solar calendar consists of 19 solar months, each with 19 days. Four or five additional days are inserted at the end of each year.

User:IlL/Sketchbook

2023-04-24T07:20:41Z

Praimhín: /* Hēbispellum Iōhannis Tōtiscē */

== Burmese roms ==
=== v0 ===
<poem>
Ŧăȷā hmȷạ·ŧạ luc·lac khȷīnh nẹ mă tuê
ta.ra: hmya. ta. lwat lap hkrang: nai. ma. swe
[tɪ.já m̥ja̰.ta̰ lʊʔ.laʔ t͡ɕʰɪ́ŋ nɛ̰ mə t̪wè ǀ]

Độ pȷê, độ mȷê
tui. prany, tui. mre
[do̰ pjè ǀ do̰ mjè ǁ]

Mȷā lu khat·tê̄nh nhê̄nh·gkhȷan zxê bộ
mya: lu hkap sim: ngrim: hkyam: ce hpo.
[mjá lù kʰaʔ.t̪éɪ̯ŋ ɲéɪ̯ɰ̃.d͡ʑán zè βo̰ ǀ]

Khuỵnh ŧu·nhı hmȷạ, wa·đạ phȷu·xınh đŧệ pȷê
hkwang. tu nyi hmya. wada. hpyu cang tai. prany
[kʰwɪ̰ŋ tù.ɲì m̥ja̰ ǀ wà.da̰ (ǀ) pʰjù.sɪ̀ŋ dḛ pjè ǀ]

Độ pȷê, độ mȷê
tui. prany tui. mre
[do̰ pjè ǀ do̰ mjè ǁ]

Pȷı·đŧhong·zxụ ămuê ămȷē ŧı·đŧạn zxê
prany htaung cu. a mwi a.mrai: tany tam. ce
[pjì.dàʊ̯ŋ.zṵ ʔə.mwè ʔ(ə.)mjɛ́ tì.da̰ŋ zè]

Ă·đêch·ŧhan pȷụ bpê, ŧhênh·tênh zxộ lê
a.dhithtan pru. pe htin: sim: cui. le
[ʔ(ə.)deɪ̯ʔ.tʰàn pjṵ βè ǀ tʰéɪ̯ŋ.t̪éɪ̯ŋ zo̰ lè ǁ]

Găba mă kȷê, Mȷăma pȷê
kambha ma. kye, mranma prany
[ɡ(ə.)βà mə t͡ɕè ǀ mjə.mà pjè ǀ]

Độ bô̄·boā ămuê xıch mộ khȷıch mȷat nô̄ bê
tui. bhui: bwa: a.mwe cac mui. hkyac mrat nui: pe
[do̰ βó.bwá (ʔə.)mwè sɪʔ mo̰ t͡ɕʰɪʔ mjaʔ nó βè ǁ]

Pȷi·đŧhong·zxụ gô ătet pê̄ lộ độ ka goe mălê
prany htaung cu. kui a.sak pe: lui. tui. ka kwai ma.le
[pjì.dàʊ̯ŋ.zṵ ɡò ʔ(ə.)t̪ɛʔ pé lo̰ do̰ kà ɡwɛ̀ m(ə.)lè ǀ]

Đa độ pȷê đa độ mȷê độ panh·net mȷê
da tui. prany da tui. mre tui. puing nak mre
[dà do̰ pjè dà do̰ mjè do̰ pàɪ̯ŋ.nɛʔ mjè ǀ]

Độ pȷê, độ mȷê, ăkjô̄ gô nhı·nha zxoa độ đăđuê
tui. prany tui. mre a.kyui: kui nyi nya cwa tui. ta.twe
[do̰ pjè ǀ do̰ mjè ǀ ʔ(ə.)t͡ɕó ɡò ǀ ɲì.ɲà zwà do̰ d(ə.)dwè ǀ]

Ŧhān xhong ba zxộ lê, độ ta·wung bê ăphô̄·ŧan mȷê
htam: hcaung pa sui. le tui. ta wan pe a. hpui: tan mre
[tʰán sʰàʊ̯ŋ bà zo̰ lè ǀ do̰ tà.wʊ̀ŋ bè ʔ(ə.)pʰó.tàn mjè ǁ]
</poem>

=== v1 ===
<poem>
Tyȷā hmȷȧtȧ luqlaq khȷīɴ nɛ̇ my þwe
Dȯ pȷe, dȯ mȷe
Mȷā lu khaqþēɴ nȷēɴgkhȷaɴ zse bȯ
Khwiɴ tunȷı hmȷȧ, wadȧ phȷusıɴ dtė pȷe
Dȯ pȷe, dȯ mȷe
Pȷıdthɔɴzsu̇ ymwe ymȷɛ̇ tıdtȧɴ zse
Ydeqthaɴ pȷu̇ bpe, thenþeɴ zsȯ le
Gyba my kȷe, Mȷyma pȷe
Dȯ bōbwā ymwe sıq mȯ khȷıq mȷaq nō be
Gyba my kȷe, Mȷyma pȷe
Dȯ bōbwā ymwe sıq mȯ khȷıq mȷaq nō be
Pȷidthɔɴzsu̇ go yþɛq pē lȯ dȯ ka gwɛ myle
Da dȯ pȷe da dȯ mȷe dė pɛɴnɛq mȷe
Dȯ pȷe, dȯ mȷe, ykjō go nȷınȷa zwa dȯ dydwe
Thāɴ shɔɴ ba zsȯ le, dȯ þawuɴ be yphōtaɴ mȷe
</poem>
=== v2 ===
<poem>
Tyjā hmjătă luqlaq khjīɴ nɛ{{breve}} my þwe
Dŏ pje, dŏ mje
Mjā lu khaqþēɴ njēɴgkhjaɴ zse bŏ
Khwĭɴ tunji hmjă, wadă phjusiɴ dtĕ pȷe
Dŏ pje, dŏ mje
Pjidthɔɴzsŭ ymwe ymjɛ{{breve}} tıdtăɴ zse
Ydeqthaɴ pjŭ bpe, thenþeɴ zsŏ le

Gyba my kje, Mjyma pje
Dŏ bōbwā ymwe siq mŏ khjiq mjaq nō be
Gyba my kje, Mjyma pje
Dŏ bōbwā ymwe siq mŏ khjiq mjaq nō be
Pjĭdthɔɴzsŭ go yþɛq pē lŏ dŏ ka gwɛ myle
Da dŏ pje da dŏ mje dĕ pɛɴnɛq mje
Dŏ pȷe, dŏ mȷe, ykjō go njinja zwa dŏ dydwe
Thāɴ shɔɴ ba zsŏ le, dŏ þawuɴ be yphōtaɴ mje
</poem>

== World's worst romanization for Vietnamese ==
=== Initials ===
<poem>
ñ ɟ̃ ỹ q̃ = m n nh ng
n{{lsb}} n þ ɟ ꞃ y q = p b t đ tr ch c/k/qu
f ɟ{{lrb}} q{{lrb}} = ph th kh
ſ p{{lrb}} = x s
ƿ ȷ j r = v d gi g
λ p = l r
</poem>

The initials ʔ h are indicated by placing spiritus lenis and spiritus asper above the first letter, and {{angbr|ƿ}} is used for the /w/ medial: ƿηɟ̃, Ƿ{{lsb}}ηɟ̃, ƿ{{lrb}}ηɟ̃s = viên, Uyên, huyền.

=== Nuclei ===
* u ɯ w e ɘ ə ɵ æ a ɐ ɑ = i/y ư u ê ơ â ô e a ă o
* η ξ ω = ia/iê, ưa/ươ, ua/uô

=== Finals ===
* ñ ɟ̃ ỹ q̃ = m n nh ng
* n ɟ y q = p t ch c
* ι υ = /-j -w/
=== Tones ===
tones: -0 -s -b -m -v -d = ngang, huyen, sac, nang, hoi, nga

==Hōbispellum Iōhannis Tōtiscē==
<poem>
1:1 In occinunquā erat Verbum, ante Verbum erat ob Hutum, ante Hutus erat Verbum.
1:2 Tod erat in occinunquā ob Hutum.
1:3 Alla terque eum magāta sunt, ante enū eō magātum est nēctis, quod magātum est.
1:4 In eō līpum erat, ante līpum erat lūctum lūbium.

1:1 In nōcimbulō erat Clovus, ī Clovus erat au Fāgō, ī Fāgus erat Clovus.
1:2 Tod erat in nōcimbulō au Fāgō.
1:3 Vira perx eum auquīnīta sunt, ī fex eō auquīnītum est nīquod, quod auquīnītum est.
1:4 In eō vītus erat, ī vītus erat quītulum lūbium.
</poem>

==Gibs==
Besecco pötta cäglivalista?
L'huro nella sügliatazza dei crõittini!
Ahi, mää rüdägni mostacäte sürrädezza!
Il darricciänza delle rönalle sarà füüritänsä! Perchè le!
A che vai all'yssäätä?!?
M'õnzarrato degliato vamõstemini sulle!
Vadarrati orrazzamera barigginó smörtäcälle!

ani tsoma3at be tfula ve medakhevet al ma she piHatsti ba'etgaf shelo ve kshe hitstapeti zit3a la da3eret, kol ha ma3pazot nitsneshu.

==Kanji for Hebrew==
*ta-訓-(CCVC pattern)-h = Torah

==Semantic drifts==
===Truth===
*true/proof > guilt
*to stand, to stay, to be straight up > to be true
*true/show/prove > to vindicate > to win

==Dakelh/Tlingit inspired Dodellic==

==Bylȳn==
[[Main_Page/Themsarian]]

put in Dodellic; Wdm substrate

phonology:
*/m n p b t d tš dž k g (glottal stop) f s š x H h v z ž r l/ {{angbr|m n p b t d ť ď k g q f s š ch x h v z ž r l}}
*/a e i u y a: e: i: u: y: ai au iə uə/ {{angbr|a e i u y aa ee ii uu yy ai au ie ua}}
**Responsible for Wdm vowel shift: *u > ü, *o > u, *a > o, *ä > a
*pitch accent

==Trician doublets==
*Thensarian ardlaccātom > atxagátañ (via Nurian) ~ dlahgað (via Tigol) ~ glyçád (via glăchad) ~ plahad (via Clofabosin placadin) - various stringed instruments
*Pida (Mărotłian teacher) ~ pda (Dr.) ~ Modern Wdm. pra (honorific pronoun)

==Silly language family trees==
*Trigonic languages
**Sinitic
***Mandarin
***Cantonese
****Schwyzerdütsch
***Sinaitic
****Phoenician
*****Greek
******Inuktitut
**Coshitic
***Vietnamese
****Sinh
****Tanh
****Sech
***Hyperbolgarian
***Beta
***Proto-Afro-Asiatic
**Deltan languages (aka Newtono-Leibnizic)
***Hessian German
***Turingian German
****[[Tyrith]] (from older ''*Türiŋit'')
****Lambda calculus
****Mathematica
****C++
*****Sanskrit
**Triforcian languages
***Hylian
****Tritriforcian languages
*****Tritritriforcian languages
******...
*******Sierpińskian

==Qiala Gaivuan's Dwarvish==
Wäßßmerian/Highlands Wiobian consonant shift (stolen wholesale from High German consonant shift):

Phase 1 (final or intervocallic):
/p/ > /f/ <''f''>
/t/ > /s/ <''ß''>
/c/ > /ç/ > later /z/ bzw. /ʃ/ <''s/sch''>
/k/ > /x/ > later /χ/ <''ch''>

Phase 2 (initial, geminated or after a resonant)
/p/ > /pf/ <''pf''>
/t/ > /ts/ <''ßß''> > word initially /s/ <''ß''>
/c/ > /cç/ > later /''tʃ''/ <zsch>
/k/ > /kx/ > later /''χ''/ <ch>

Phase 3
/b/ > /p/ fortis or lenis <''p''>
/d/ > /t/ fortis or lenis <''t''>
/ɟ/ > /c/ fortis or lenis <''z''>
/g/ > /k/ fortis or lenis <''k''>

Other changes:
/θ~ð/ > /d/ > later lenis /t/ <''d''>
/f~v/ > /b/ > later lenis /p/ <''b''> (after a vowel)
/sk, çk/ > sch /ʃ/
Auslautverhärtung

==Paucal of humility==
There are three numbers: singular ({{sc|sg}}) representing one object, paucal ({{sc|pc}}) for a few, and plural ({{sc|pl}}) for many. The paucal form usually denotes two to nine items, but the boundary between paucal and plural is quite fluid; a paucal could be used for a larger number for contrast with a much larger number of things. The plural number in pronouns also serves as an honorific; complementarily, using paucal pronouns where a plural is expected entails a "dishonorific", humble or pejorative meaning.
==Something with my old Tsjoen grammar==
Txapoalli? Naquic?

==Manxome (Manx-Hmoob hybrid)==
A close relative of Skellan with the GVS? Or is this just Ko?

Cedilla and double vowel mania

Mix in a little Dutch?

==IE conlang ideas==
*'want' from bhr-h1s- (bear-DES)
*"try 1SG-ACC VERB-INF" = try to VERB me (actually looks pretty german)

=="Ah, meine Treußer" gibs==
*Săchał yang hălsreaf chrăthüng fi pdath yas măfongșor! Wănguas fi binreach wangsăfab thearłăsab făneyșumab pălontumab acsitumab gopliximab fizoraximab prozamumab cabituzumab... Ah, endocebuxin!
*sčʼutaʔɬ čəd dzəlxʷʔad ʔal kʷi sqʷadbəʔid! shuʔədəb šiƛ̕x̌adil stab dzastidil balustadil xʷəʔsdətapril kʷinapazil bəsmanadil quizoradil daquinadil sperotidil prolixudil... Ah, endolucrifen!

==Some old gibs==
Neuber und Seigen driechen das Fauensammer.
Und Pfurges ummärten den Sieberschmüstchen
der Meichtel und die kreuge haben den Ofel angeschninkelt!
der Strahme der hüffneden ist an síreochta dréag agus fhóineocht.
(irish gib is also easy to adapt)
Und dauchte die Miegung.
Agus sráineann an mhóilte i bhfáirdeacha.
An dtrídeach tú leim an mheidreach?
und die dréanoigh na chloiste is clóireach
makk praom krenn tae leontóin agus dreangachtaí
Zohnung schweifen der mahl tröhnen
Cáróidh meim fhíreasá sróidheamh táin a chúloigh a fháir a cheim
sróitreáneidh na pradhaoibhiú té bheir sa dhímeá 'bhifeóirsi tha

Pirandetam ver ketassinosin ket ligerinogenine

Du sümmelst so gapfer an, wenn du in solch schnöpfen, geschrammten Hückeln inframierst! Ich ingräliere dir, indem ich dir einen Beschlaubszwicher antabere. Ich möchte dir einen schlaarige Garulierer anzülfen, damit du in gezührigen Anschniegsgahmen verschnülzern kannst.

die Anschrängerungen verkiech die Redangierungen, indem sie deren Gespalchsfeunungen rekredabierte.
Der Aufschlied zwand die Mäste, um ihrer Begeifigungen zu verknieren.
Αν ο φαγγαλος τεθεγμασται την ψαθην και τον κιμαρρον!
Αναι μεν γαρ δεδαγγασμενοι ηλετησαν ινε τον φραθμον.
Ο φιστώτης και η νίψ κεκλαμμένοι εισίν.

Sʼeik beih Đâh kglumm gnüar Haem Päh jehn knuck Lö Mott nihr ngå Pluh Reaz Sra Ksaot teap klav Waü Zeay Þael

Azz kemm jick gno Sruck bâzz skång mäch dö' Lümm dak mihn mu påhng Sjä Kbael Pfeiz rao Smau tngaör zbaü lean Sek Woh tböhng sia Koas Tuah Gnüang

==Scope of negation==
different negative markers for scope

==Llanfair...gogogoch gib==
Reduplication (goch > gogogoch)

==Fyxámian national anthem==
===Eevo===
===English translation===
====Verse 1====
<poem>
[...]
[...]
''From antipode to antipode''
''Men of thy deeds do sing.''
</poem>
====Refrain====

==Book and paper titles in Eevo==
*(''A Bound for the Number of Points on Elliptic Curves over Finite Fields'')
*(''Spectral Sequences of Algebraic Varieties'')
*''Mroga-xiv ry blwhir jybinþylisár ar jonda jynéeb'' (''Zeta Functions of Algebraic Curves over Finite Fields'') (fT 2259)
*''Regular Temperaments''

==Primitive Seargais==

<poem>
long vowels:
a: e: i: o: u: æ: ø: y: from
broad á aí/ai/oi oí/uí/ui ó/ao ú/ua/ui ái ói/aío/aoi úi/oío/uío/uai
slender eá ei/éi/éa í/ia/iai eo iú/io/iu ea/éa/eai/eái eoi iúi/ío

éa becomes æ: before broad d, n, l and r, and e: elsewhere
ui becomes u: before broad d, n, l and r, and i: elsewhere

short vowels:
a e i o u -> a ʲa ʲɨ a ɨ

changes from proto seargais to seargais
high vowels move one POA
(u -> ü, ü -> i but aü stays put)
there's the merger
now o becomes u to fill in the gap, a becomes o and æ becomes a
a e i o u æ ø y ->
o e i u y a ø i
e -> ə
which triggers i -> ia, ia -> e, y -> i, u -> ɨ, o -> u, a -> ua, ua -> o
so i get
a e i o u æ ø y ia ua ai au ay ->
o e i u y a ø i ia ua ai au ay ->
u ə ia ɨ i ua _ ia e o ai au _
ø -> ɛ -> a while ay -> aɨ
u ə ia ɨ i ua a ia e o ai au aɨ (i now have all the vowels!)
breathy voice ablaut patterns:
e/i/ai -> ə/ia/ai
o/u/au -> ɨ/i/au
ö/ü/aü -> a/ia/aɨ
chaotic!

a/ua -> u/o
ä/ia -> ua/e

spelling: a e i o u y w = /a e i o u ə ɨ/

short a -> y
short ɨ -> w (very few modern Seargais speakers make the distinction between the short vowels using y for both)
</poem>
===Seargais superstrate===
<poem>
same breathy voice pattern except there's a GVS
a e i o u ä ö ü ua ia ai au aü ->
o i ai u au e ü aü uo ie ä a a
compare
u ə ia ɨ i ua a ia e o ai au aɨ
these are heard by seargais speakers as
o i ai u au ə ɨ aɨ e o e a a
</poem>
===Seargais consonants===
<poem>
p t q pʰ tʰ χ m n w θ ʟ r tɬ ɬ (broad)
f ts k f ts kʰ m n j s ɬ r tʃ ʃ (slender)

Urú'ed:
m n ʟ mʰ nʰ χ m n pf θ ʟ r nl tɬ (broad)
m n ŋ mʰ nʰ ŋʰ m n f ts ɬ r n tʃ (slender)
the combined set of phonemes:
p pʰ t tʰ k kʰ q
f θ s ɬ ʃ χ
pf ts tɬ tʃ
m mʰ n nʰ ŋ ŋʰ nl
j w ʟ r
h is missing
broad sm and sn can become h
urúing to tʰ
actually it should stay as θm and θn
θm -> voiceless m -> h also works
it doesn't impact the morphology

</poem>

==Huichaltzah's alien language==
p pʰ t tʰ ts tsʰ tɬ tɬʰ k kʰ kʟ kʟʰ
s ɬ x h
m n ŋ
l ʟ w j
a e i o ar er ir or (rhotic vowels)

Grammar: Rhotic vowel harmony, CW with many cases

==Bändli==
Zulu pseudo-gib

===Initials===

schm, m > m, mh

schn, n > n, nh

schng/kn, ng > ng, ngh

sp, p, b, gep/geb > p, ph, bh, b

st, t, d, get/ged > t, th, dh, d

ŧ, sŧ, đ, geŧ/geđ > qh, q, nqh, gq

k, g, gek/geg > kh, gh, g

r > hh

f, w > f, v

fl, kl, schl > hl

bl, gl > dl

pfr, fr, tr, kr, schr > kl /x~kx/

br, dr, gr > gl /ɣ~gɣ/

j > y

schw > f

z, s, sch > s, z, sh

ent- > prenasalization

===Consonants===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! rowspan="2" colspan="2" |
! rowspan="2" | Labial
! colspan="2" | Alveolar
! rowspan="2" | Palatal
! rowspan="2" | Velar
! rowspan="2" | Glottal
|-
! central
! lateral
|-
! rowspan="4" | Click
! plain
|
|
|
| {{IPA|ǃ}}
|
|
|-
! aspirated
|
|
|
| {{IPA|ǃʰ}}
|
|
|-
! nasalised
|
|
|
| {{IPA|ᵑǃ}}
|
|
|-
! breathy nasalised
|
|
|
| {{IPA|ᶢǃʱ}}
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2" | Nasal
! plain
| {{IPA|m}}
| {{IPA|n}}
|
|
| ŋ
|
|-
! breathy
| {{IPA|mʱ}}
| {{IPA|nʱ}}
|
|
| {{IPA|ŋʱ}}
|
|-
! rowspan="4" | Stop
! voiceless
| {{IPA|p}}
| {{IPA|t}}
|
|
|
|
|-
! aspirated
| {{IPA|pʰ}}
| {{IPA|tʰ}}
|
|
| {{IPA|kʰ}}
|
|-
! breathy
| {{IPA|b}}
| {{IPA|d}}
|
|
| {{IPA|ɡ}}
|
|-
! implosive
| {{IPA|ɓ}}
| ɗ
|
|
| ɠ
|
|-
! rowspan="2" | Fricative
! voiceless
| {{IPA|f}}
| {{IPA|s}}
| {{IPA|ɬ}}
| {{IPA|ʃ}}
| x
| {{IPA|h}}
|-
! breathy
| {{IPA|v}}
| {{IPA|z}}
| {{IPA|ɮ}}
|
| ɣ
| {{IPA|ɦ}}
|-
! rowspan="2" | Approximant
! plain
|
|
| {{IPA|l}}
| {{IPA|j}}
|
|
|}

===Vowels===
i ï u e ë o ä a /i ɨ u e ə o æ ɑ/

===Tones===
No tone

==Some Clofablang==
*Vowels: æ ɪ i ʌ ə ʊ ʉ
*Vowel harmony groups:
**high tense: i ʉ
**high lax: ɪ ʊ
**low: æ ʌ
**ə is neutral

==Russo-Salish==
{|class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center"
|-
!rowspan="2" colspan="2"|
!colspan="2" | Labial
!colspan="2" | Alveolar
!rowspan="2" | Retroflex
!colspan="2" | Velar
!rowspan="2" | Glottal
|-
! hard
! soft
! hard
! soft
! soft
! hard
|-
!rowspan="2"| Nasal
!glottalized
| ||
| n̪ʼ || nʲʼ
|
| ŋʲʼ
| ŋʼ
|
|-
!plain
| m || mʲ
| n̪ || nʲ
|
| ŋʲ
| ŋ
|
|-
!rowspan="3" | Stop
!plain
| ||
| t̪ || tʲ
|
| kʲ
| k
| ʔ
|-
!ejective
| ||
| t̪ʼ || tʲʼ
|
| kʲʼ
| kʼ
|
|-
!voiced
| b || bʲ
| d̪ || dʲ
|
|
|
|
|-
!rowspan="3" | Affricate
!plain
| ||
| ts || tsʲ
| tʂ
|
|
|
|-
!ejective
| ||
| tsʼ || tsʲʼ
| tʂʼ
|
|
|
|-
!voiced
| ||
| dz || dzʲ
| dʐ
|
|
|
|-
!rowspan="2"|Fricative
!voiceless
| f || fʲ
| s || sʲ
| ʂ
| xʲ
| x
| h
|-
!voiced
| v || vʲ
| z || zʲ
| ʐ
| ɣʲ
| ɣ
|
|-
!rowspan=2| Approximant
!glottalized
| ||
| lˠʼ || lʲʼ
|
| jʼ
|
|
|-
!plain
| ||
| lˠ || lʲ
|
| j
|
|
|}

{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 540px; text-align:center;"
! style="width: 90px; "|
! style="width: 90px; " |Front
! style="width: 90px; " |Central
! style="width: 90px; " |Back
|-
! style="" |Close
| i
|
| u
|-
! style="" |Mid
|
| ə
|
|-
! style="" |Open
|
| a
|
|}

==Salish + Old Chinese==
m n ŋ ŋʷ
mʼ nʼ ŋʼ ŋʷʼ
p t ts k kʷ q qʷ ʔ
pʼ tʼ tsʼ kʼ kʷʼ qʼ qʷʼ
b d dz g gʷ ɢ ɢʷ
s r rʼ l lʼ (+ phar'd versions of each)
a e i o u ə

==CW language sketch==
m n
p t ts k q
b d dz g
s h ʀ
w l r j

i u
e o
æ a

==Some auxlang?==
===Consonants===
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 500px; text-align:center;"
|+ '''Consonants'''
! colspan="2" |
! |Labial
! |Coronal
! |Palatal
! |Velar
! |Glottal
|-
! colspan="2" style="" |Nasal
| '''m''' /m/
| '''n''' /n/
|
| '''ŋ''' /ŋ/
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |Plosive
! |unaspirated
| '''b''' /p/
| '''d''' /t/
| '''j''' /tɕ/
| '''g''' /k/
|
|-
! |aspirated
| '''p''' /pʰ/
| '''t''' /tʰ/
| '''ch''' /tɕʰ/
| '''k''' /kʰ/
|
|-
! colspan="2" style="" |Fricative
| '''f''' /f/
| '''s''' /s/
| '''sh''' /ɕ/
| '''kh''' /x/
| '''h''' /h/
|-
! colspan="2" |Approximant
| '''w''' /w~v/
| '''l''' /l/; '''r''' /r/
| '''y''' /j/
|
|
|-
! colspan="2" |Trill
|
| '''r''' /r/
|
|
|
|}

===Vowels===

{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center;"
|+ '''Vowels'''
|-
! style="width: 60px; "|
! style="width: 60px; " |Front
! style="width: 60px; " |Central
! style="width: 60px; " |Back
|-
! style="" |Close
| '''i''' /i/
|
| '''u''' /u/
|-
! style="" |Mid
| '''e''' /e/
| '''ə''' /ø~ə~ɤ/
| '''o''' /o/
|-
! style="" |Open
|
| '''a''' /a/
|
|}

Diphthongs: '''ai ao''' /ai au/

===Phonotactics===
Consonant clusters are disallowed, except medial geminates and -NC- sequences. Only /p t k m n ŋ/ can come in word-final position.

==Σȣομʚ==

Καʚκκʚ ʚⱶμʚσετ συντυϝητ ϝαπαʚνα ια τασαϝερταʚσʚνα αρϝολτααν ια οʚκεȣκσʚλτααν. Ⱶεʚλλε ον αννεττȣ ιηρκʚ ια οματȣντο, ια ⱶεʚδην ον τοʚμʚτταϝα τοʚσʚααν κοⱶτααν ϝελιευδεν ⱶεγγεσση.

==Qe!==
Jāheqozron vemālaerus qe doñanqerosy.

==Pristac Guanorliviroc==

<poem>
Leißelbeiger Glündesschnock,
bhfaoigh na dhruisce leis an ngloc,
с куздом твачу зблодащок,
pristac guanorliviroc!

Tyűlöszöbbes hávaltok,
ṇentronné veux mains du roque,
geuteureun madeul ryeonmok,
pristac guanorliviroc!

Iūcullātur plexē hoc,
Takzitxerri ezbantzok,
Ηζειν ευθρασιν στουροκ,
pristac guanorliviroc!

Nguyết sảnh xưa nỡn hầng màu trọc,
Cuālliquimeh huixōtloc,
tʰˁawk pgəts məlˁaj n̊əŋs qʷʰˁraʔ tkʰˁens nˁrok,
pristac guanorliviroc!

Raamaanujanniaviusuq-
qanngutsijałłaumiartuq,
Post hoc ergo propter hoc,
pristac guanorliviroc!

Zíj phlàa vîek rang dèt Bangkok,
Satthayaarongsamphonnok,
Pikna la-magtef litzmok,
pristac guanorliviroc!
</poem>

==Finno-Arabic==
/t tˁ k q ʔ f s sˁ x χ h m n l r w j a aa ə əə i ii u uu ai au əi əu ia ua iə uə/

==Irish with pharyngealized consonants==

/a/: a ea ae eae
/e/: oeu eu oe e
/i/: ai ia aia i
/o/: o uo uea ue
/u/: aua ua au u

==Uncanny valley Korean==
Consonants: /m n ŋ bʰ dʰ dzʰ gʰ p t ts k f s fʰ sʰ h w j r ʔ/

Postvocalic /ʔ/ may be realized as creaky voice.

Vowels: /i ɨ u e ə o ɛ ɔ æ a/

==Proto-Eomujic==
*ä, a, e, o
*eu, i <- syllabic resonants

*p t k p’ t’ k’ b d g
*s z ts ts’ ʂ ʐ ʈʂ ʈʂ’
*m n ŋ r l ʀ w j h
==Gleb phonologies==
===SEA-esque===
m̥ m n̻̥ n̻ ɲ̥ ɲ
mb mɓ̰ nd̻ nɗ̰̻ nɗ̱̰ nd͡ʒ
pʰ p b ɓ̰ tʰ̻ t̻ d̻ ɗ̰̻ t͡s̻ ɗ̱̰ t͡ʃʰ t͡ʃ d͡ʒ kʰ k
ɸ β s̻ z̻ ʃ ʒ x h
l̻ j w

i iː ɨ ɨː u uː
e eː ɘ ɘː o oː
ɛ ɛː ɜ ɜː ɔ ɔː
a aː
===Indic-esque===
m̥ m n̥ n ɳ̥ ɳ ɲ̥ ɲ
pʰ p b tʰ t d ʈʰ ʈ ɖ t͡ʃʰ t͡ʃ d͡ʒ kʰ k g ʔ
f v s z ʂ ʐ ʃ ʒ x ɣ h
r ɽ j
i u
ɪ ʊ
ɑ

(C1)V(C2)

C1: a consonant

V: a vowel

C2: a non-palatal consonant other than a postalveolar consonant or one of /d g z ɣ/; i.e. one of /m̥ m n̥ n pʰ p b tʰ t kʰ k ʔ f v s x h r/

===Pseudo-Polynesian===

m n̻ p b t̻ d̻ k g l̻ j w i u ɪ ʊ e o ɛ ɔ a

(C)V

C: a consonant

V: a vowel

Gleb seed 1516956979

===Liquidless pseudo-French===
m n̻ ṉ p b t̻ d̻ t͡ʃ d͡ʒ k g f v s̻ z̻ ʃ ʒ h w i y u ɛ ɛ̃ œ œ̃ ɔ ɔ̃ a ã

(C1)V(C2)

C1: a consonant

V: a vowel

C2: a consonant

Gleb seed 1601724777

===A nice one===

m n̻ nʲ̻ tʰ̻ t̻ kʰ k kʷ f s̻ l̻ i iː u uː ɛ ɛː ɛ̃ ɛ̃ː ɔ ɔː ɔ̃ ɔ̃ː a aː ã ãː

(C1)V(C2)

C1: a consonant

V: a vowel

C2: a consonant other than /nʲ̻/

Gleb seed 1364524938

===vaguely Clofab===
consonants:

m n mb nd ndz ŋg p b t d ts dz k g mv nz f v s z h r w

vowels:

a e i o u

syllable structure: (C)V

Gleb seed 1390372573

===Liquidless phonology===
m̥ m n̥ n ŋ̥ ŋ mpʰ mb ntʰ nd ŋkʰ pʰ p b tʰ t d kʰ k ʔ f s x

a e ɛ i o ɔ u

(C)V(N)

C: a consonant

V: a vowel

N: a nasal; i.e. one of /m̥ m n̥ n ŋ̥ ŋ/

Gleb seed 1408165181

==A Damin==
*Nasals: ɱ n̼ ɳ ɲ
*Plosives: d̼ ʈ c'
*Affricates: tθ ʡħ
*Fricatives: ð̼ θ̱ ç
*Clicks: ʞ
*Liquids: ʙ ʟ ʢ
*vowels: y ɤ æ

==from An Bhlaoighne==
<poem>
big: go qhéith
small: go mionn (from Latin "minimus")
long: go mheal
short: go laomh
wide: go raoi
narrow: go cuachar
thick: go scúil
thin: go h-ádh
woman: an fháixe, na bhfáixe
man: an beathra, na mbeathra
child: an stíotha, na stíotha
mother: an feadhan-fháixe?
father: an feadhan-beathra?
na bhfeadhan-fháixe, na bhfeadhan-beathra
wife: an sleith-fháixe
husband: an sleith-beathra
na dhsleith-fháixe, na dhsleith-beathra
fish: an déimhe, na dhéimhe
bird: an chuar, na cuar
(all these are from the bhadhagha gib)
dog: an lior, na lior
louse: an h-úmha, na n-úmha
snake: an bhfaost, na faost
worm: an ghean, na ngean
tree: an daodha, na dhaodha
forest: an ríne, na ríne
stick: an cuath, na chuath
fruit: an thamha, na dtamha
seed: an páile, na páile
leaf: an fhuix, na bhfuix
root: an dhóife, na dhóife
bark: an cior, na cior
flower: an qeógh, na qheógh
grass: an rúiche, na rúiche
rope: an mbuad, na bhuad
skin: an geabh, na gheabh
meat: an ceith, na gceith
blood: an dhséabha, na dhséabha
bone: an reist, na reist
fat: an xuile, na xuile
egg: an qé, na qhé *hmoob intensifies*
horn: an n-aire, na h-aire
tail: an h-aoi, na h-aoi
feather: an gcoít, na choít
hair: an núcha, na núcha
head: an snith, na snith
ear: an dtiocha, na tiocha
eye: an fheirn, na bhfeirn
nose: an gaoine, na ngaoine
mouth: an cnuile, na chnuile
tooth: an iacha, na h-iacha
tongue: an bhlaoighne? 😀
fingernail: an sciofhth, na sciofhth
foot: an reithe, na reithe
leg: an ndeocha reith, na dheocha reith
knee: an xionn reith, na dhxionn reith
hand: flúin
an bhflúin, na fhlúin
arm: an ndeocha bhflúin, na dheocha bhflúin
elbow: an xionn bhflúin, na dhxionn bhflúin
wing: an ceamh, na gceamh
belly: an táile, na tháile
guts: an nquinneach, na quinneach
neck: an xaoiphe, na xaoiphe
back: an mbíolbh, na bíolbh
breast: an dhsracht, na sracht
heart: an luisc, na luisc
liver: an steóisc, na dhsteóisc
go neábha 'to drink'
go séic 'to eat'
go xumhadh 'to bite'
go scéimh 'to suck'
go fiara 'to spit, to eject'
go fiara an néitheasach 'to vomit'
go fíoxa 'to blow'
go stúimhe 'to breathe'
go sraoth 'to laugh'
go bhfeirthe 'to see'
go dtiodh 'to hear'
go xeólaigh 'to know'
go bhrainne 'to think'

to smell: go mbuir
fear: an xaoithe, na dhxaoithe
to sleep: go h-uaileas
to live: go chaith
</poem>

dance: from An Bhlaoighne "dannsa" (to move to a beat), from "dann" (beat; imitative of a drum) + -tha/-the verbalizer (-nnth- becomes -nns-)

==Long German gibby word==
Brüschlingssträpfchenentzürmungsdreicherwildeleischenerbröpflichkeitsspülzergebraußerspeichelsmäudsgrefferklittenwertsbrimmendlicherungsschnäfternascherndräckelbassungsbärzenherdlichengerützelbeunungströtterbeteibertenspründerschlettengeschärtungsentdraufengeschiemlichkeitsneftertreuenhauscheraufstrüpfenanwadlungsstaufengrammlermeitscherluchseneinstrupfungsgeweidsschmesserdornenbekeifersträmpferentblüstungsgefrützerhaumenrießenschweiherbockerschaftsbedeuferungsbezandlungsgestürdenscheuchterdachsergeisterzerbrüttungsfrätterschoffergriedenteckenschwindsgemerzenheitsbrauftenscharnesspeizendentkremmensielesstrüstergezwohrenenvergräuferspeilenhuftschuckerverwaftungsschmagenentdränzerwinkenmeundenbielerglüftenverzäumlichkeitspfarnengortenspahlenentschrangenkrindenschufendriechengreierschnockenwiegerwungenschieberdähmenstuchtgejästnisgräbenspunkereienschneiligungsspürzenknafterschaumenbrußenbedreuernisjackerkeldungsheidenschmüsselnzudrenkenrumpferleigungsbehedigungsschweiterwackengesteckerbeizerwendungsfrüchlingszweibenseiderschangenhubergeidengemermlichkeitsgelechterschlammengogengettenberzlerfiegenlundenbädelnspanderquändelerbeichenstahrgebütenhenerbluhnenentzängerbreumenbefärzigergampfendreigenschaftszerbrenklungsgebrohungsschmindlergaftengaufsgekemmtenbräuzchenzerkreinerndenschleitenhaufsdröffernzerschwällenzwünderdreisungsenttrebenpflingergreuferschmaunenverrümmerkreibenquängerheitsschmatterverzwenkerungsflebereibenguftenjangereideldreibengangenbleizerbehürberschierdequammerhüngenbrössenbekleiterzwandengemiegerzeistigungsbegählnisberachtungsschwadenkrütteranklaumenschweicherleinerbröhnungsneidelnkufenschrankenziederdrabenschöhlerbruhnspeutscherentgäumungsvergürblichungsverweidnisglündergehuhmendreucherbeibengreusteszwerterschründereienbücklingserstorchenspienerhetschergohrenausschweislichkeitenlemdengetranderschrifferbeschlecherlingswingerkrantengedärzerzärncheneinfleuderhackerstälzenbriednisseigerungsverdraußerräuchselstommerfrätzelschlünterstürglingszwätcheneinblittsgespüßenentdriedenschwünterheibenstalerfernersteilendrüßentrachersträtzgeschwiebendeineslorteskehrwarteurendspannwachenblatzstaufentreischentraubengetöhlerbaußenhauerdinzenbeklaunerwießenkeitsbeschärfigungsgewichtsbraudenwederklaumsbefritzenscheiberdänzelungsmeitelwischerbeschorkenklubenwunderzäugswögerblüschenbenäudigungsheibenentpfeischerlammenwiedenbewegsweitchenläumlichkeitsgrüberdraßterwallenheuertriebenentpfernerkreidenlächtnisstreußerentrüchelvermaußerheitsverbrüschenwerdenwolderschrahnenzäudsgemischerpflechtsschreuerkrüßenpfeischenlangenläubgeschlindersträuelheitsschreberkäuftigkeitsmeierwünnenbäserhattenkraufengeschreudsentwerdsbeeigenbrännenbrauerbrindenschannenklüserwächtsweugenklagergessenbeienrüchtsraußenbewindenschlafterheitsentreffenschmeierlachtwießerschrupfenbeschwündsverziechengeschlächerlauferzernessenheitsgraußenschlöderleinswangenkehrenberaußwischerleitenracherschwegerfäudlichenzabenwündenerkrufenhaubswaudendissengäuberlampfenschrümberfiedsgräubenbedachenmahrenschreudsverschmaßenheitssprüngenentwöhlerbeschluntenhübenreunsbeneifsverzöhnenbeleifernempfäusungswichtheitsgederfsschwermenlückenanzweißenlauschungsfriegschwipferlangsberüngenschehnenblöckenzärferlachsgewindenmaubennaubenpaubentaubenkaubenbaubendaubengaubenpfaubenzaubentschaubensaubenschaubenfaubenwaubenjaubenhaubenlaubenraubenpraubentraubenkraubenbraubendraubengraubenpfraubenfraubenplaubenklaubenblaubenglaubenpflaubenflaubenknaubengnaubenstaubenspaubenschmaubenschnaubenschlaubenschraubenschwaubenstraubenspraubenmausennausenpausentausenkausenbausendausengausenpfausenzausentschausensausenschausenfausenwausenjausenhausenlausenrausenprausentrausenkrausenbrausendrausengrausenpfrausenfrausenplausenklausenblausenglausenpflausenflausenknausengnausenstausenspausenschmausenschnausenschlausenschrausenschwausenstrausensprausenmaumennaumenpaumentaumenkaumenbaumendaumengaumenpfaumenzaumentschaumensaumenschaumenfaumenwaumenjaumenhaumenlaumenraumenpraumentraumenkraumenbraumendraumengraumenpfraumenfraumenplaumenklaumenblaumenglaumenpflaumenflaumenknaumengnaumenstaumenspaumenschmaumenschnaumenschlaumenschraumenschwaumenstraumenspraum

User:IlL/Sketchbook

2023-04-24T07:20:10Z

Praimhín:

== Burmese roms ==
=== v0 ===
<poem>
Ŧăȷā hmȷạ·ŧạ luc·lac khȷīnh nẹ mă tuê
ta.ra: hmya. ta. lwat lap hkrang: nai. ma. swe
[tɪ.já m̥ja̰.ta̰ lʊʔ.laʔ t͡ɕʰɪ́ŋ nɛ̰ mə t̪wè ǀ]

Độ pȷê, độ mȷê
tui. prany, tui. mre
[do̰ pjè ǀ do̰ mjè ǁ]

Mȷā lu khat·tê̄nh nhê̄nh·gkhȷan zxê bộ
mya: lu hkap sim: ngrim: hkyam: ce hpo.
[mjá lù kʰaʔ.t̪éɪ̯ŋ ɲéɪ̯ɰ̃.d͡ʑán zè βo̰ ǀ]

Khuỵnh ŧu·nhı hmȷạ, wa·đạ phȷu·xınh đŧệ pȷê
hkwang. tu nyi hmya. wada. hpyu cang tai. prany
[kʰwɪ̰ŋ tù.ɲì m̥ja̰ ǀ wà.da̰ (ǀ) pʰjù.sɪ̀ŋ dḛ pjè ǀ]

Độ pȷê, độ mȷê
tui. prany tui. mre
[do̰ pjè ǀ do̰ mjè ǁ]

Pȷı·đŧhong·zxụ ămuê ămȷē ŧı·đŧạn zxê
prany htaung cu. a mwi a.mrai: tany tam. ce
[pjì.dàʊ̯ŋ.zṵ ʔə.mwè ʔ(ə.)mjɛ́ tì.da̰ŋ zè]

Ă·đêch·ŧhan pȷụ bpê, ŧhênh·tênh zxộ lê
a.dhithtan pru. pe htin: sim: cui. le
[ʔ(ə.)deɪ̯ʔ.tʰàn pjṵ βè ǀ tʰéɪ̯ŋ.t̪éɪ̯ŋ zo̰ lè ǁ]

Găba mă kȷê, Mȷăma pȷê
kambha ma. kye, mranma prany
[ɡ(ə.)βà mə t͡ɕè ǀ mjə.mà pjè ǀ]

Độ bô̄·boā ămuê xıch mộ khȷıch mȷat nô̄ bê
tui. bhui: bwa: a.mwe cac mui. hkyac mrat nui: pe
[do̰ βó.bwá (ʔə.)mwè sɪʔ mo̰ t͡ɕʰɪʔ mjaʔ nó βè ǁ]

Pȷi·đŧhong·zxụ gô ătet pê̄ lộ độ ka goe mălê
prany htaung cu. kui a.sak pe: lui. tui. ka kwai ma.le
[pjì.dàʊ̯ŋ.zṵ ɡò ʔ(ə.)t̪ɛʔ pé lo̰ do̰ kà ɡwɛ̀ m(ə.)lè ǀ]

Đa độ pȷê đa độ mȷê độ panh·net mȷê
da tui. prany da tui. mre tui. puing nak mre
[dà do̰ pjè dà do̰ mjè do̰ pàɪ̯ŋ.nɛʔ mjè ǀ]

Độ pȷê, độ mȷê, ăkjô̄ gô nhı·nha zxoa độ đăđuê
tui. prany tui. mre a.kyui: kui nyi nya cwa tui. ta.twe
[do̰ pjè ǀ do̰ mjè ǀ ʔ(ə.)t͡ɕó ɡò ǀ ɲì.ɲà zwà do̰ d(ə.)dwè ǀ]

Ŧhān xhong ba zxộ lê, độ ta·wung bê ăphô̄·ŧan mȷê
htam: hcaung pa sui. le tui. ta wan pe a. hpui: tan mre
[tʰán sʰàʊ̯ŋ bà zo̰ lè ǀ do̰ tà.wʊ̀ŋ bè ʔ(ə.)pʰó.tàn mjè ǁ]
</poem>

=== v1 ===
<poem>
Tyȷā hmȷȧtȧ luqlaq khȷīɴ nɛ̇ my þwe
Dȯ pȷe, dȯ mȷe
Mȷā lu khaqþēɴ nȷēɴgkhȷaɴ zse bȯ
Khwiɴ tunȷı hmȷȧ, wadȧ phȷusıɴ dtė pȷe
Dȯ pȷe, dȯ mȷe
Pȷıdthɔɴzsu̇ ymwe ymȷɛ̇ tıdtȧɴ zse
Ydeqthaɴ pȷu̇ bpe, thenþeɴ zsȯ le
Gyba my kȷe, Mȷyma pȷe
Dȯ bōbwā ymwe sıq mȯ khȷıq mȷaq nō be
Gyba my kȷe, Mȷyma pȷe
Dȯ bōbwā ymwe sıq mȯ khȷıq mȷaq nō be
Pȷidthɔɴzsu̇ go yþɛq pē lȯ dȯ ka gwɛ myle
Da dȯ pȷe da dȯ mȷe dė pɛɴnɛq mȷe
Dȯ pȷe, dȯ mȷe, ykjō go nȷınȷa zwa dȯ dydwe
Thāɴ shɔɴ ba zsȯ le, dȯ þawuɴ be yphōtaɴ mȷe
</poem>
=== v2 ===
<poem>
Tyjā hmjătă luqlaq khjīɴ nɛ{{breve}} my þwe
Dŏ pje, dŏ mje
Mjā lu khaqþēɴ njēɴgkhjaɴ zse bŏ
Khwĭɴ tunji hmjă, wadă phjusiɴ dtĕ pȷe
Dŏ pje, dŏ mje
Pjidthɔɴzsŭ ymwe ymjɛ{{breve}} tıdtăɴ zse
Ydeqthaɴ pjŭ bpe, thenþeɴ zsŏ le

Gyba my kje, Mjyma pje
Dŏ bōbwā ymwe siq mŏ khjiq mjaq nō be
Gyba my kje, Mjyma pje
Dŏ bōbwā ymwe siq mŏ khjiq mjaq nō be
Pjĭdthɔɴzsŭ go yþɛq pē lŏ dŏ ka gwɛ myle
Da dŏ pje da dŏ mje dĕ pɛɴnɛq mje
Dŏ pȷe, dŏ mȷe, ykjō go njinja zwa dŏ dydwe
Thāɴ shɔɴ ba zsŏ le, dŏ þawuɴ be yphōtaɴ mje
</poem>

== World's worst romanization for Vietnamese ==
=== Initials ===
<poem>
ñ ɟ̃ ỹ q̃ = m n nh ng
n{{lsb}} n þ ɟ ꞃ y q = p b t đ tr ch c/k/qu
f ɟ{{lrb}} q{{lrb}} = ph th kh
ſ p{{lrb}} = x s
ƿ ȷ j r = v d gi g
λ p = l r
</poem>

The initials ʔ h are indicated by placing spiritus lenis and spiritus asper above the first letter, and {{angbr|ƿ}} is used for the /w/ medial: ƿηɟ̃, Ƿ{{lsb}}ηɟ̃, ƿ{{lrb}}ηɟ̃s = viên, Uyên, huyền.

=== Nuclei ===
* u ɯ w e ɘ ə ɵ æ a ɐ ɑ = i/y ư u ê ơ â ô e a ă o
* η ξ ω = ia/iê, ưa/ươ, ua/uô

=== Finals ===
* ñ ɟ̃ ỹ q̃ = m n nh ng
* n ɟ y q = p t ch c
* ι υ = /-j -w/
=== Tones ===
tones: -0 -s -b -m -v -d = ngang, huyen, sac, nang, hoi, nga

==Hēbispellum Iōhannis Tōtiscē==
<poem>
1:1 In occinunquā erat Verbum, ante Verbum erat ob Hutum, ante Hutus erat Verbum.
1:2 Tod erat in occinunquā ob Hutum.
1:3 Alla terque eum magāta sunt, ante enū eō magātum est nēctis, quod magātum est.
1:4 In eō līpum erat, ante līpum erat lūctum lūbium.

1:1 In nōcimbulō erat Clovus, ī Clovus erat au Fāgō, ī Fāgus erat Clovus.
1:2 Tod erat in nōcimbulō au Fāgō.
1:3 Vira perx eum auquīnīta sunt, ī fex eō auquīnītum est nīquod, quod auquīnītum est.
1:4 In eō vītus erat, ī vītus erat quītulum lūbium.
</poem>

==Gibs==
Besecco pötta cäglivalista?
L'huro nella sügliatazza dei crõittini!
Ahi, mää rüdägni mostacäte sürrädezza!
Il darricciänza delle rönalle sarà füüritänsä! Perchè le!
A che vai all'yssäätä?!?
M'õnzarrato degliato vamõstemini sulle!
Vadarrati orrazzamera barigginó smörtäcälle!

ani tsoma3at be tfula ve medakhevet al ma she piHatsti ba'etgaf shelo ve kshe hitstapeti zit3a la da3eret, kol ha ma3pazot nitsneshu.

==Kanji for Hebrew==
*ta-訓-(CCVC pattern)-h = Torah

==Semantic drifts==
===Truth===
*true/proof > guilt
*to stand, to stay, to be straight up > to be true
*true/show/prove > to vindicate > to win

==Dakelh/Tlingit inspired Dodellic==

==Bylȳn==
[[Main_Page/Themsarian]]

put in Dodellic; Wdm substrate

phonology:
*/m n p b t d tš dž k g (glottal stop) f s š x H h v z ž r l/ {{angbr|m n p b t d ť ď k g q f s š ch x h v z ž r l}}
*/a e i u y a: e: i: u: y: ai au iə uə/ {{angbr|a e i u y aa ee ii uu yy ai au ie ua}}
**Responsible for Wdm vowel shift: *u > ü, *o > u, *a > o, *ä > a
*pitch accent

==Trician doublets==
*Thensarian ardlaccātom > atxagátañ (via Nurian) ~ dlahgað (via Tigol) ~ glyçád (via glăchad) ~ plahad (via Clofabosin placadin) - various stringed instruments
*Pida (Mărotłian teacher) ~ pda (Dr.) ~ Modern Wdm. pra (honorific pronoun)

==Silly language family trees==
*Trigonic languages
**Sinitic
***Mandarin
***Cantonese
****Schwyzerdütsch
***Sinaitic
****Phoenician
*****Greek
******Inuktitut
**Coshitic
***Vietnamese
****Sinh
****Tanh
****Sech
***Hyperbolgarian
***Beta
***Proto-Afro-Asiatic
**Deltan languages (aka Newtono-Leibnizic)
***Hessian German
***Turingian German
****[[Tyrith]] (from older ''*Türiŋit'')
****Lambda calculus
****Mathematica
****C++
*****Sanskrit
**Triforcian languages
***Hylian
****Tritriforcian languages
*****Tritritriforcian languages
******...
*******Sierpińskian

==Qiala Gaivuan's Dwarvish==
Wäßßmerian/Highlands Wiobian consonant shift (stolen wholesale from High German consonant shift):

Phase 1 (final or intervocallic):
/p/ > /f/ <''f''>
/t/ > /s/ <''ß''>
/c/ > /ç/ > later /z/ bzw. /ʃ/ <''s/sch''>
/k/ > /x/ > later /χ/ <''ch''>

Phase 2 (initial, geminated or after a resonant)
/p/ > /pf/ <''pf''>
/t/ > /ts/ <''ßß''> > word initially /s/ <''ß''>
/c/ > /cç/ > later /''tʃ''/ <zsch>
/k/ > /kx/ > later /''χ''/ <ch>

Phase 3
/b/ > /p/ fortis or lenis <''p''>
/d/ > /t/ fortis or lenis <''t''>
/ɟ/ > /c/ fortis or lenis <''z''>
/g/ > /k/ fortis or lenis <''k''>

Other changes:
/θ~ð/ > /d/ > later lenis /t/ <''d''>
/f~v/ > /b/ > later lenis /p/ <''b''> (after a vowel)
/sk, çk/ > sch /ʃ/
Auslautverhärtung

==Paucal of humility==
There are three numbers: singular ({{sc|sg}}) representing one object, paucal ({{sc|pc}}) for a few, and plural ({{sc|pl}}) for many. The paucal form usually denotes two to nine items, but the boundary between paucal and plural is quite fluid; a paucal could be used for a larger number for contrast with a much larger number of things. The plural number in pronouns also serves as an honorific; complementarily, using paucal pronouns where a plural is expected entails a "dishonorific", humble or pejorative meaning.
==Something with my old Tsjoen grammar==
Txapoalli? Naquic?

==Manxome (Manx-Hmoob hybrid)==
A close relative of Skellan with the GVS? Or is this just Ko?

Cedilla and double vowel mania

Mix in a little Dutch?

==IE conlang ideas==
*'want' from bhr-h1s- (bear-DES)
*"try 1SG-ACC VERB-INF" = try to VERB me (actually looks pretty german)

=="Ah, meine Treußer" gibs==
*Săchał yang hălsreaf chrăthüng fi pdath yas măfongșor! Wănguas fi binreach wangsăfab thearłăsab făneyșumab pălontumab acsitumab gopliximab fizoraximab prozamumab cabituzumab... Ah, endocebuxin!
*sčʼutaʔɬ čəd dzəlxʷʔad ʔal kʷi sqʷadbəʔid! shuʔədəb šiƛ̕x̌adil stab dzastidil balustadil xʷəʔsdətapril kʷinapazil bəsmanadil quizoradil daquinadil sperotidil prolixudil... Ah, endolucrifen!

==Some old gibs==
Neuber und Seigen driechen das Fauensammer.
Und Pfurges ummärten den Sieberschmüstchen
der Meichtel und die kreuge haben den Ofel angeschninkelt!
der Strahme der hüffneden ist an síreochta dréag agus fhóineocht.
(irish gib is also easy to adapt)
Und dauchte die Miegung.
Agus sráineann an mhóilte i bhfáirdeacha.
An dtrídeach tú leim an mheidreach?
und die dréanoigh na chloiste is clóireach
makk praom krenn tae leontóin agus dreangachtaí
Zohnung schweifen der mahl tröhnen
Cáróidh meim fhíreasá sróidheamh táin a chúloigh a fháir a cheim
sróitreáneidh na pradhaoibhiú té bheir sa dhímeá 'bhifeóirsi tha

Pirandetam ver ketassinosin ket ligerinogenine

Du sümmelst so gapfer an, wenn du in solch schnöpfen, geschrammten Hückeln inframierst! Ich ingräliere dir, indem ich dir einen Beschlaubszwicher antabere. Ich möchte dir einen schlaarige Garulierer anzülfen, damit du in gezührigen Anschniegsgahmen verschnülzern kannst.

die Anschrängerungen verkiech die Redangierungen, indem sie deren Gespalchsfeunungen rekredabierte.
Der Aufschlied zwand die Mäste, um ihrer Begeifigungen zu verknieren.
Αν ο φαγγαλος τεθεγμασται την ψαθην και τον κιμαρρον!
Αναι μεν γαρ δεδαγγασμενοι ηλετησαν ινε τον φραθμον.
Ο φιστώτης και η νίψ κεκλαμμένοι εισίν.

Sʼeik beih Đâh kglumm gnüar Haem Päh jehn knuck Lö Mott nihr ngå Pluh Reaz Sra Ksaot teap klav Waü Zeay Þael

Azz kemm jick gno Sruck bâzz skång mäch dö' Lümm dak mihn mu påhng Sjä Kbael Pfeiz rao Smau tngaör zbaü lean Sek Woh tböhng sia Koas Tuah Gnüang

==Scope of negation==
different negative markers for scope

==Llanfair...gogogoch gib==
Reduplication (goch > gogogoch)

==Fyxámian national anthem==
===Eevo===
===English translation===
====Verse 1====
<poem>
[...]
[...]
''From antipode to antipode''
''Men of thy deeds do sing.''
</poem>
====Refrain====

==Book and paper titles in Eevo==
*(''A Bound for the Number of Points on Elliptic Curves over Finite Fields'')
*(''Spectral Sequences of Algebraic Varieties'')
*''Mroga-xiv ry blwhir jybinþylisár ar jonda jynéeb'' (''Zeta Functions of Algebraic Curves over Finite Fields'') (fT 2259)
*''Regular Temperaments''

==Primitive Seargais==

<poem>
long vowels:
a: e: i: o: u: æ: ø: y: from
broad á aí/ai/oi oí/uí/ui ó/ao ú/ua/ui ái ói/aío/aoi úi/oío/uío/uai
slender eá ei/éi/éa í/ia/iai eo iú/io/iu ea/éa/eai/eái eoi iúi/ío

éa becomes æ: before broad d, n, l and r, and e: elsewhere
ui becomes u: before broad d, n, l and r, and i: elsewhere

short vowels:
a e i o u -> a ʲa ʲɨ a ɨ

changes from proto seargais to seargais
high vowels move one POA
(u -> ü, ü -> i but aü stays put)
there's the merger
now o becomes u to fill in the gap, a becomes o and æ becomes a
a e i o u æ ø y ->
o e i u y a ø i
e -> ə
which triggers i -> ia, ia -> e, y -> i, u -> ɨ, o -> u, a -> ua, ua -> o
so i get
a e i o u æ ø y ia ua ai au ay ->
o e i u y a ø i ia ua ai au ay ->
u ə ia ɨ i ua _ ia e o ai au _
ø -> ɛ -> a while ay -> aɨ
u ə ia ɨ i ua a ia e o ai au aɨ (i now have all the vowels!)
breathy voice ablaut patterns:
e/i/ai -> ə/ia/ai
o/u/au -> ɨ/i/au
ö/ü/aü -> a/ia/aɨ
chaotic!

a/ua -> u/o
ä/ia -> ua/e

spelling: a e i o u y w = /a e i o u ə ɨ/

short a -> y
short ɨ -> w (very few modern Seargais speakers make the distinction between the short vowels using y for both)
</poem>
===Seargais superstrate===
<poem>
same breathy voice pattern except there's a GVS
a e i o u ä ö ü ua ia ai au aü ->
o i ai u au e ü aü uo ie ä a a
compare
u ə ia ɨ i ua a ia e o ai au aɨ
these are heard by seargais speakers as
o i ai u au ə ɨ aɨ e o e a a
</poem>
===Seargais consonants===
<poem>
p t q pʰ tʰ χ m n w θ ʟ r tɬ ɬ (broad)
f ts k f ts kʰ m n j s ɬ r tʃ ʃ (slender)

Urú'ed:
m n ʟ mʰ nʰ χ m n pf θ ʟ r nl tɬ (broad)
m n ŋ mʰ nʰ ŋʰ m n f ts ɬ r n tʃ (slender)
the combined set of phonemes:
p pʰ t tʰ k kʰ q
f θ s ɬ ʃ χ
pf ts tɬ tʃ
m mʰ n nʰ ŋ ŋʰ nl
j w ʟ r
h is missing
broad sm and sn can become h
urúing to tʰ
actually it should stay as θm and θn
θm -> voiceless m -> h also works
it doesn't impact the morphology

</poem>

==Huichaltzah's alien language==
p pʰ t tʰ ts tsʰ tɬ tɬʰ k kʰ kʟ kʟʰ
s ɬ x h
m n ŋ
l ʟ w j
a e i o ar er ir or (rhotic vowels)

Grammar: Rhotic vowel harmony, CW with many cases

==Bändli==
Zulu pseudo-gib

===Initials===

schm, m > m, mh

schn, n > n, nh

schng/kn, ng > ng, ngh

sp, p, b, gep/geb > p, ph, bh, b

st, t, d, get/ged > t, th, dh, d

ŧ, sŧ, đ, geŧ/geđ > qh, q, nqh, gq

k, g, gek/geg > kh, gh, g

r > hh

f, w > f, v

fl, kl, schl > hl

bl, gl > dl

pfr, fr, tr, kr, schr > kl /x~kx/

br, dr, gr > gl /ɣ~gɣ/

j > y

schw > f

z, s, sch > s, z, sh

ent- > prenasalization

===Consonants===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! rowspan="2" colspan="2" |
! rowspan="2" | Labial
! colspan="2" | Alveolar
! rowspan="2" | Palatal
! rowspan="2" | Velar
! rowspan="2" | Glottal
|-
! central
! lateral
|-
! rowspan="4" | Click
! plain
|
|
|
| {{IPA|ǃ}}
|
|
|-
! aspirated
|
|
|
| {{IPA|ǃʰ}}
|
|
|-
! nasalised
|
|
|
| {{IPA|ᵑǃ}}
|
|
|-
! breathy nasalised
|
|
|
| {{IPA|ᶢǃʱ}}
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2" | Nasal
! plain
| {{IPA|m}}
| {{IPA|n}}
|
|
| ŋ
|
|-
! breathy
| {{IPA|mʱ}}
| {{IPA|nʱ}}
|
|
| {{IPA|ŋʱ}}
|
|-
! rowspan="4" | Stop
! voiceless
| {{IPA|p}}
| {{IPA|t}}
|
|
|
|
|-
! aspirated
| {{IPA|pʰ}}
| {{IPA|tʰ}}
|
|
| {{IPA|kʰ}}
|
|-
! breathy
| {{IPA|b}}
| {{IPA|d}}
|
|
| {{IPA|ɡ}}
|
|-
! implosive
| {{IPA|ɓ}}
| ɗ
|
|
| ɠ
|
|-
! rowspan="2" | Fricative
! voiceless
| {{IPA|f}}
| {{IPA|s}}
| {{IPA|ɬ}}
| {{IPA|ʃ}}
| x
| {{IPA|h}}
|-
! breathy
| {{IPA|v}}
| {{IPA|z}}
| {{IPA|ɮ}}
|
| ɣ
| {{IPA|ɦ}}
|-
! rowspan="2" | Approximant
! plain
|
|
| {{IPA|l}}
| {{IPA|j}}
|
|
|}

===Vowels===
i ï u e ë o ä a /i ɨ u e ə o æ ɑ/

===Tones===
No tone

==Some Clofablang==
*Vowels: æ ɪ i ʌ ə ʊ ʉ
*Vowel harmony groups:
**high tense: i ʉ
**high lax: ɪ ʊ
**low: æ ʌ
**ə is neutral

==Russo-Salish==
{|class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center"
|-
!rowspan="2" colspan="2"|
!colspan="2" | Labial
!colspan="2" | Alveolar
!rowspan="2" | Retroflex
!colspan="2" | Velar
!rowspan="2" | Glottal
|-
! hard
! soft
! hard
! soft
! soft
! hard
|-
!rowspan="2"| Nasal
!glottalized
| ||
| n̪ʼ || nʲʼ
|
| ŋʲʼ
| ŋʼ
|
|-
!plain
| m || mʲ
| n̪ || nʲ
|
| ŋʲ
| ŋ
|
|-
!rowspan="3" | Stop
!plain
| ||
| t̪ || tʲ
|
| kʲ
| k
| ʔ
|-
!ejective
| ||
| t̪ʼ || tʲʼ
|
| kʲʼ
| kʼ
|
|-
!voiced
| b || bʲ
| d̪ || dʲ
|
|
|
|
|-
!rowspan="3" | Affricate
!plain
| ||
| ts || tsʲ
| tʂ
|
|
|
|-
!ejective
| ||
| tsʼ || tsʲʼ
| tʂʼ
|
|
|
|-
!voiced
| ||
| dz || dzʲ
| dʐ
|
|
|
|-
!rowspan="2"|Fricative
!voiceless
| f || fʲ
| s || sʲ
| ʂ
| xʲ
| x
| h
|-
!voiced
| v || vʲ
| z || zʲ
| ʐ
| ɣʲ
| ɣ
|
|-
!rowspan=2| Approximant
!glottalized
| ||
| lˠʼ || lʲʼ
|
| jʼ
|
|
|-
!plain
| ||
| lˠ || lʲ
|
| j
|
|
|}

{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 540px; text-align:center;"
! style="width: 90px; "|
! style="width: 90px; " |Front
! style="width: 90px; " |Central
! style="width: 90px; " |Back
|-
! style="" |Close
| i
|
| u
|-
! style="" |Mid
|
| ə
|
|-
! style="" |Open
|
| a
|
|}

==Salish + Old Chinese==
m n ŋ ŋʷ
mʼ nʼ ŋʼ ŋʷʼ
p t ts k kʷ q qʷ ʔ
pʼ tʼ tsʼ kʼ kʷʼ qʼ qʷʼ
b d dz g gʷ ɢ ɢʷ
s r rʼ l lʼ (+ phar'd versions of each)
a e i o u ə

==CW language sketch==
m n
p t ts k q
b d dz g
s h ʀ
w l r j

i u
e o
æ a

==Some auxlang?==
===Consonants===
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 500px; text-align:center;"
|+ '''Consonants'''
! colspan="2" |
! |Labial
! |Coronal
! |Palatal
! |Velar
! |Glottal
|-
! colspan="2" style="" |Nasal
| '''m''' /m/
| '''n''' /n/
|
| '''ŋ''' /ŋ/
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |Plosive
! |unaspirated
| '''b''' /p/
| '''d''' /t/
| '''j''' /tɕ/
| '''g''' /k/
|
|-
! |aspirated
| '''p''' /pʰ/
| '''t''' /tʰ/
| '''ch''' /tɕʰ/
| '''k''' /kʰ/
|
|-
! colspan="2" style="" |Fricative
| '''f''' /f/
| '''s''' /s/
| '''sh''' /ɕ/
| '''kh''' /x/
| '''h''' /h/
|-
! colspan="2" |Approximant
| '''w''' /w~v/
| '''l''' /l/; '''r''' /r/
| '''y''' /j/
|
|
|-
! colspan="2" |Trill
|
| '''r''' /r/
|
|
|
|}

===Vowels===

{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center;"
|+ '''Vowels'''
|-
! style="width: 60px; "|
! style="width: 60px; " |Front
! style="width: 60px; " |Central
! style="width: 60px; " |Back
|-
! style="" |Close
| '''i''' /i/
|
| '''u''' /u/
|-
! style="" |Mid
| '''e''' /e/
| '''ə''' /ø~ə~ɤ/
| '''o''' /o/
|-
! style="" |Open
|
| '''a''' /a/
|
|}

Diphthongs: '''ai ao''' /ai au/

===Phonotactics===
Consonant clusters are disallowed, except medial geminates and -NC- sequences. Only /p t k m n ŋ/ can come in word-final position.

==Σȣομʚ==

Καʚκκʚ ʚⱶμʚσετ συντυϝητ ϝαπαʚνα ια τασαϝερταʚσʚνα αρϝολτααν ια οʚκεȣκσʚλτααν. Ⱶεʚλλε ον αννεττȣ ιηρκʚ ια οματȣντο, ια ⱶεʚδην ον τοʚμʚτταϝα τοʚσʚααν κοⱶτααν ϝελιευδεν ⱶεγγεσση.

==Qe!==
Jāheqozron vemālaerus qe doñanqerosy.

==Pristac Guanorliviroc==

<poem>
Leißelbeiger Glündesschnock,
bhfaoigh na dhruisce leis an ngloc,
с куздом твачу зблодащок,
pristac guanorliviroc!

Tyűlöszöbbes hávaltok,
ṇentronné veux mains du roque,
geuteureun madeul ryeonmok,
pristac guanorliviroc!

Iūcullātur plexē hoc,
Takzitxerri ezbantzok,
Ηζειν ευθρασιν στουροκ,
pristac guanorliviroc!

Nguyết sảnh xưa nỡn hầng màu trọc,
Cuālliquimeh huixōtloc,
tʰˁawk pgəts məlˁaj n̊əŋs qʷʰˁraʔ tkʰˁens nˁrok,
pristac guanorliviroc!

Raamaanujanniaviusuq-
qanngutsijałłaumiartuq,
Post hoc ergo propter hoc,
pristac guanorliviroc!

Zíj phlàa vîek rang dèt Bangkok,
Satthayaarongsamphonnok,
Pikna la-magtef litzmok,
pristac guanorliviroc!
</poem>

==Finno-Arabic==
/t tˁ k q ʔ f s sˁ x χ h m n l r w j a aa ə əə i ii u uu ai au əi əu ia ua iə uə/

==Irish with pharyngealized consonants==

/a/: a ea ae eae
/e/: oeu eu oe e
/i/: ai ia aia i
/o/: o uo uea ue
/u/: aua ua au u

==Uncanny valley Korean==
Consonants: /m n ŋ bʰ dʰ dzʰ gʰ p t ts k f s fʰ sʰ h w j r ʔ/

Postvocalic /ʔ/ may be realized as creaky voice.

Vowels: /i ɨ u e ə o ɛ ɔ æ a/

==Proto-Eomujic==
*ä, a, e, o
*eu, i <- syllabic resonants

*p t k p’ t’ k’ b d g
*s z ts ts’ ʂ ʐ ʈʂ ʈʂ’
*m n ŋ r l ʀ w j h
==Gleb phonologies==
===SEA-esque===
m̥ m n̻̥ n̻ ɲ̥ ɲ
mb mɓ̰ nd̻ nɗ̰̻ nɗ̱̰ nd͡ʒ
pʰ p b ɓ̰ tʰ̻ t̻ d̻ ɗ̰̻ t͡s̻ ɗ̱̰ t͡ʃʰ t͡ʃ d͡ʒ kʰ k
ɸ β s̻ z̻ ʃ ʒ x h
l̻ j w

i iː ɨ ɨː u uː
e eː ɘ ɘː o oː
ɛ ɛː ɜ ɜː ɔ ɔː
a aː
===Indic-esque===
m̥ m n̥ n ɳ̥ ɳ ɲ̥ ɲ
pʰ p b tʰ t d ʈʰ ʈ ɖ t͡ʃʰ t͡ʃ d͡ʒ kʰ k g ʔ
f v s z ʂ ʐ ʃ ʒ x ɣ h
r ɽ j
i u
ɪ ʊ
ɑ

(C1)V(C2)

C1: a consonant

V: a vowel

C2: a non-palatal consonant other than a postalveolar consonant or one of /d g z ɣ/; i.e. one of /m̥ m n̥ n pʰ p b tʰ t kʰ k ʔ f v s x h r/

===Pseudo-Polynesian===

m n̻ p b t̻ d̻ k g l̻ j w i u ɪ ʊ e o ɛ ɔ a

(C)V

C: a consonant

V: a vowel

Gleb seed 1516956979

===Liquidless pseudo-French===
m n̻ ṉ p b t̻ d̻ t͡ʃ d͡ʒ k g f v s̻ z̻ ʃ ʒ h w i y u ɛ ɛ̃ œ œ̃ ɔ ɔ̃ a ã

(C1)V(C2)

C1: a consonant

V: a vowel

C2: a consonant

Gleb seed 1601724777

===A nice one===

m n̻ nʲ̻ tʰ̻ t̻ kʰ k kʷ f s̻ l̻ i iː u uː ɛ ɛː ɛ̃ ɛ̃ː ɔ ɔː ɔ̃ ɔ̃ː a aː ã ãː

(C1)V(C2)

C1: a consonant

V: a vowel

C2: a consonant other than /nʲ̻/

Gleb seed 1364524938

===vaguely Clofab===
consonants:

m n mb nd ndz ŋg p b t d ts dz k g mv nz f v s z h r w

vowels:

a e i o u

syllable structure: (C)V

Gleb seed 1390372573

===Liquidless phonology===
m̥ m n̥ n ŋ̥ ŋ mpʰ mb ntʰ nd ŋkʰ pʰ p b tʰ t d kʰ k ʔ f s x

a e ɛ i o ɔ u

(C)V(N)

C: a consonant

V: a vowel

N: a nasal; i.e. one of /m̥ m n̥ n ŋ̥ ŋ/

Gleb seed 1408165181

==A Damin==
*Nasals: ɱ n̼ ɳ ɲ
*Plosives: d̼ ʈ c'
*Affricates: tθ ʡħ
*Fricatives: ð̼ θ̱ ç
*Clicks: ʞ
*Liquids: ʙ ʟ ʢ
*vowels: y ɤ æ

==from An Bhlaoighne==
<poem>
big: go qhéith
small: go mionn (from Latin "minimus")
long: go mheal
short: go laomh
wide: go raoi
narrow: go cuachar
thick: go scúil
thin: go h-ádh
woman: an fháixe, na bhfáixe
man: an beathra, na mbeathra
child: an stíotha, na stíotha
mother: an feadhan-fháixe?
father: an feadhan-beathra?
na bhfeadhan-fháixe, na bhfeadhan-beathra
wife: an sleith-fháixe
husband: an sleith-beathra
na dhsleith-fháixe, na dhsleith-beathra
fish: an déimhe, na dhéimhe
bird: an chuar, na cuar
(all these are from the bhadhagha gib)
dog: an lior, na lior
louse: an h-úmha, na n-úmha
snake: an bhfaost, na faost
worm: an ghean, na ngean
tree: an daodha, na dhaodha
forest: an ríne, na ríne
stick: an cuath, na chuath
fruit: an thamha, na dtamha
seed: an páile, na páile
leaf: an fhuix, na bhfuix
root: an dhóife, na dhóife
bark: an cior, na cior
flower: an qeógh, na qheógh
grass: an rúiche, na rúiche
rope: an mbuad, na bhuad
skin: an geabh, na gheabh
meat: an ceith, na gceith
blood: an dhséabha, na dhséabha
bone: an reist, na reist
fat: an xuile, na xuile
egg: an qé, na qhé *hmoob intensifies*
horn: an n-aire, na h-aire
tail: an h-aoi, na h-aoi
feather: an gcoít, na choít
hair: an núcha, na núcha
head: an snith, na snith
ear: an dtiocha, na tiocha
eye: an fheirn, na bhfeirn
nose: an gaoine, na ngaoine
mouth: an cnuile, na chnuile
tooth: an iacha, na h-iacha
tongue: an bhlaoighne? 😀
fingernail: an sciofhth, na sciofhth
foot: an reithe, na reithe
leg: an ndeocha reith, na dheocha reith
knee: an xionn reith, na dhxionn reith
hand: flúin
an bhflúin, na fhlúin
arm: an ndeocha bhflúin, na dheocha bhflúin
elbow: an xionn bhflúin, na dhxionn bhflúin
wing: an ceamh, na gceamh
belly: an táile, na tháile
guts: an nquinneach, na quinneach
neck: an xaoiphe, na xaoiphe
back: an mbíolbh, na bíolbh
breast: an dhsracht, na sracht
heart: an luisc, na luisc
liver: an steóisc, na dhsteóisc
go neábha 'to drink'
go séic 'to eat'
go xumhadh 'to bite'
go scéimh 'to suck'
go fiara 'to spit, to eject'
go fiara an néitheasach 'to vomit'
go fíoxa 'to blow'
go stúimhe 'to breathe'
go sraoth 'to laugh'
go bhfeirthe 'to see'
go dtiodh 'to hear'
go xeólaigh 'to know'
go bhrainne 'to think'

to smell: go mbuir
fear: an xaoithe, na dhxaoithe
to sleep: go h-uaileas
to live: go chaith
</poem>

dance: from An Bhlaoighne "dannsa" (to move to a beat), from "dann" (beat; imitative of a drum) + -tha/-the verbalizer (-nnth- becomes -nns-)

==Long German gibby word==
Brüschlingssträpfchenentzürmungsdreicherwildeleischenerbröpflichkeitsspülzergebraußerspeichelsmäudsgrefferklittenwertsbrimmendlicherungsschnäfternascherndräckelbassungsbärzenherdlichengerützelbeunungströtterbeteibertenspründerschlettengeschärtungsentdraufengeschiemlichkeitsneftertreuenhauscheraufstrüpfenanwadlungsstaufengrammlermeitscherluchseneinstrupfungsgeweidsschmesserdornenbekeifersträmpferentblüstungsgefrützerhaumenrießenschweiherbockerschaftsbedeuferungsbezandlungsgestürdenscheuchterdachsergeisterzerbrüttungsfrätterschoffergriedenteckenschwindsgemerzenheitsbrauftenscharnesspeizendentkremmensielesstrüstergezwohrenenvergräuferspeilenhuftschuckerverwaftungsschmagenentdränzerwinkenmeundenbielerglüftenverzäumlichkeitspfarnengortenspahlenentschrangenkrindenschufendriechengreierschnockenwiegerwungenschieberdähmenstuchtgejästnisgräbenspunkereienschneiligungsspürzenknafterschaumenbrußenbedreuernisjackerkeldungsheidenschmüsselnzudrenkenrumpferleigungsbehedigungsschweiterwackengesteckerbeizerwendungsfrüchlingszweibenseiderschangenhubergeidengemermlichkeitsgelechterschlammengogengettenberzlerfiegenlundenbädelnspanderquändelerbeichenstahrgebütenhenerbluhnenentzängerbreumenbefärzigergampfendreigenschaftszerbrenklungsgebrohungsschmindlergaftengaufsgekemmtenbräuzchenzerkreinerndenschleitenhaufsdröffernzerschwällenzwünderdreisungsenttrebenpflingergreuferschmaunenverrümmerkreibenquängerheitsschmatterverzwenkerungsflebereibenguftenjangereideldreibengangenbleizerbehürberschierdequammerhüngenbrössenbekleiterzwandengemiegerzeistigungsbegählnisberachtungsschwadenkrütteranklaumenschweicherleinerbröhnungsneidelnkufenschrankenziederdrabenschöhlerbruhnspeutscherentgäumungsvergürblichungsverweidnisglündergehuhmendreucherbeibengreusteszwerterschründereienbücklingserstorchenspienerhetschergohrenausschweislichkeitenlemdengetranderschrifferbeschlecherlingswingerkrantengedärzerzärncheneinfleuderhackerstälzenbriednisseigerungsverdraußerräuchselstommerfrätzelschlünterstürglingszwätcheneinblittsgespüßenentdriedenschwünterheibenstalerfernersteilendrüßentrachersträtzgeschwiebendeineslorteskehrwarteurendspannwachenblatzstaufentreischentraubengetöhlerbaußenhauerdinzenbeklaunerwießenkeitsbeschärfigungsgewichtsbraudenwederklaumsbefritzenscheiberdänzelungsmeitelwischerbeschorkenklubenwunderzäugswögerblüschenbenäudigungsheibenentpfeischerlammenwiedenbewegsweitchenläumlichkeitsgrüberdraßterwallenheuertriebenentpfernerkreidenlächtnisstreußerentrüchelvermaußerheitsverbrüschenwerdenwolderschrahnenzäudsgemischerpflechtsschreuerkrüßenpfeischenlangenläubgeschlindersträuelheitsschreberkäuftigkeitsmeierwünnenbäserhattenkraufengeschreudsentwerdsbeeigenbrännenbrauerbrindenschannenklüserwächtsweugenklagergessenbeienrüchtsraußenbewindenschlafterheitsentreffenschmeierlachtwießerschrupfenbeschwündsverziechengeschlächerlauferzernessenheitsgraußenschlöderleinswangenkehrenberaußwischerleitenracherschwegerfäudlichenzabenwündenerkrufenhaubswaudendissengäuberlampfenschrümberfiedsgräubenbedachenmahrenschreudsverschmaßenheitssprüngenentwöhlerbeschluntenhübenreunsbeneifsverzöhnenbeleifernempfäusungswichtheitsgederfsschwermenlückenanzweißenlauschungsfriegschwipferlangsberüngenschehnenblöckenzärferlachsgewindenmaubennaubenpaubentaubenkaubenbaubendaubengaubenpfaubenzaubentschaubensaubenschaubenfaubenwaubenjaubenhaubenlaubenraubenpraubentraubenkraubenbraubendraubengraubenpfraubenfraubenplaubenklaubenblaubenglaubenpflaubenflaubenknaubengnaubenstaubenspaubenschmaubenschnaubenschlaubenschraubenschwaubenstraubenspraubenmausennausenpausentausenkausenbausendausengausenpfausenzausentschausensausenschausenfausenwausenjausenhausenlausenrausenprausentrausenkrausenbrausendrausengrausenpfrausenfrausenplausenklausenblausenglausenpflausenflausenknausengnausenstausenspausenschmausenschnausenschlausenschrausenschwausenstrausensprausenmaumennaumenpaumentaumenkaumenbaumendaumengaumenpfaumenzaumentschaumensaumenschaumenfaumenwaumenjaumenhaumenlaumenraumenpraumentraumenkraumenbraumendraumengraumenpfraumenfraumenplaumenklaumenblaumenglaumenpflaumenflaumenknaumengnaumenstaumenspaumenschmaumenschnaumenschlaumenschraumenschwaumenstraumenspraum

Verse:Tdūrzů/Knench

2023-04-24T01:26:02Z

Praimhín: Remonitionism is no longer a religion

[[{{PAGENAME}}/Lexicon]]

[[{{PAGENAME}}/Swadesh list]]

[[{{PAGENAME}}/Diachronics]]
{{Infobox language
|creator = [[User:IlL|Inthar]]
|nativename = Xnɪəni
|image =
|setting = [[Verse:Irta]]
|name = Knench
|pronunciation =
|states = Irta Libya
|speakers =
|script = Latin
|date =
|familycolor=afroasiatic
|fam1=Afro-Asiatic
|fam2=Semitic
|fam3=Central Semitic
|fam4=Northwest Semitic
|fam5=Canaanite
|fam6=[[Knench/Ancient|Ancient Knench]]
|fam7=[[Knench/Middle|Middle Knench]]
}}ɵ

'''Knench''' (/nɛntʃ/, from Old Knench ''χnānī'' via [[Old Azalic]] ''{{ng}}noinisχ''; natively ''Xnɪəni'' /xnɪəni/ or ''nɨɨm Xnɪən'' /nɨːm xnɪən) is a Semitic language spoken in the Irta timeline and the closest living relative to Hebrew in Irta. The name of the language comes from Ancient Knench ''kanaȝn'' 'Canaan'. Knench has received strong Azalic influence throughout its history since Ancient Knench times, and genetic studies have shown that the Knench are descendants of Azalic speakers who adopted a Canaanite language. The language descends from a close relative of Biblical Hebrew which was spoken in North Africa (which was spoken instead of our Punic in Irta), but its grammar is far less synthetic than its ancestor: lexical verbs were completely restructured to use constructions with auxiliaries and infinitives instead of the older prefix and suffix conjugations, and it has lost grammatical gender like [[Togarmite]] and [[Far East Semitic]]. Knench has many loanwords from various sources including Greek, Azalic, Coptic, Berber, Arabic, Aramaic, Romance, and English.

A majority of modern Knench people are Muslim; some are Christian, Jewish or neopagan. There is a Judeo-Knench, with Hebrew and Aramaic loanwords.

It's inspired grammatically by Welsh and Irish, and aesthetically by English, Icelandic, [[Naeng]], and Khmer.

== Names ==
=== Native Knench names ===
* Parm (f.) is from baśam
* Þor (m.) 'bull (from Aramaic)'

Hugin and Munin (de novo derived from active participles ''*hūgi'' and ''*mūni'') are modern fantasy characters

==History==

==TODO==
* Focus prominence (like Welsh)
* retain vav consecutive forms of auxiliaries
* vi = "and then" (used for consecutive events; ~ BH ''wayhi'')
* -x > -rh
* A sentence consisting entirely of replacements and compounds?
** I dal bə kpeen pnaarə. = I don't see any wolves. (Heb: Ani lo ro'e ze'evim.)
* Hard mode: a sentence where every content word has a Semitic cranberry morpheme
*Swadesh list
*''bel-, ble-'' is a common prefix (conflation of ben- and ba3al-)
*Many adverbs from infinitive absolute
*Philippi should be weaker: i > e, instead of the TibH i > a (*bint > ''peþ'' 'daughter'; TibH ''baṫ'')
*''Mén fows ta xett kori?'' = Why did you have to die?
* replace a lot of Canaanite vocabulary with other words
===Some sound changes===
* Maghrebi Arabic craziness (happens early on, ca. 9th-10th century)
*-ə (mainly from ACub ''-ō'') becomes silent and lengthens the vowel before it
*non-rhoticity (nonrhoticity has to happen after fem sg ending loss)
*ħ > x; *gt, kt, ᴋt, ħt > ht
*ś > usually x, sometimes f or fl
*d-t, t-t (morpheme boundary) > st
*xr > x
*''Ri ni b žejn i p Mednə Əśidəs'' 'I live in the United States'
* š- > h-
* univerbate like crazy

==Phonology==
===Consonants===
*/m n ʁ̃ʷ l w j ɹ{{ret}}/ {{angbr|m n ł h l w j r}}
*/p b f v t d θ ð k g/ {{angbr|p b f v t d þ ð k g}}
*/s{{den}} z{{den}} t{{den}}{{tiebar}}s{{den}} ʃ ʒ tʃ s{{ret}} t{{ret}}{{tiebar}}s{{ret}} x h/ {{angbr|s z c š ž č ś ć x h}}

/t d/ are alveolar, and /θ ð/ are dental. /θ ð/ may be realized as [t̪ d̪].

/s{{den}} z{{den}} t{{den}}{{tiebar}}s{{den}}/ are lamino-dental, like Basque ''z''.

/s{{ret}} t{{ret}}{{tiebar}}s{{ret}}/ are retracted apico-alveolar, like Greek /s/.

Ancient Knench /l/ became /w/ in some places, especially before C or pausa.

Stops are unaspirated.

Judeo-Knench has final r in borrowed Hebrew and Aramaic vocabulary.

===Vowels===
{{PAGENAME}} has the largest vowel inventory of any Semitic language in Irta. It has many diphthongs.

===Prosody===
====Stress====
Stress tends penultimate or final.

===Intonation===

===Phonotactics===
===Morphophonology===

==Orthography==
Modern Knench has an orthography using an alphabet descended from the Paleo-Hebrew script, where spelling reflects Middle Knench.

==Morphology==
{{PAGENAME}} has lost the verbal inflections and triconsonantal morphology of Ancient Knench.


===Nouns and adjectives===
Nouns inflect for number and definiteness. Like in English, proper nouns don't take the definite article. Attributive adjectives agree with nouns in number, but predicate adjectives do not. Knench has lost grammatical gender and the construct state, although animates still have natural gender.
==== Number and definiteness ====
{{PAGENAME}} has regularized most plurals to ''-ə'' (from a merger of Ancient Knench ''-īn'' > ''*-ī'' and ''-ūδ''). ''-u'' nouns become ''-lə'' in the plural: ''þebu, þeblə'' 'a world, worlds'.

Nouns inflect for definiteness, as follows:
*Singular: -əs (after C), (from haz-ze and haz-zū)
*Plural: -il, replacing the plural suffix ''-ə'' if any (from ha-2ili), -u + -il > -ul
** Plurals must be memorized! For example -u may become -ləs (specifically when the -u comes from a vocalized /-l/).

Words ending in a schwa add an intrusive R between the final vowel and the plural suffix.

Some irregular plurals: ''penš, plenš'' = human

Examples:
*''śadə'' /ˈs{{ret}}adə/ = an apartment/flat
*''śadrəs'' /ˈs{{ret}}adɹəs/ = the flat
*''śadrə'' /ˈs{{ret}}adɹə/ = flats
*''śadril'' /ˈs{{ret}}adɹɪl/ = the flats
*''śadə bušət'' /ˈs{{ret}}adə ˈbʊʃət/ = a big flat
*''śadrəs bušət'' /ˈs{{ret}}adɹəs ˈbʊʃət/ = the big flat
*''śadrə buštə'' /ˈs{{ret}}adɹə ˈbʊʃtə/ = big flats
*''śadril buštə'' /ˈs{{ret}}adɹɪl ˈbʊʃtə/ = the big flats

''-ma'' nouns from Greek become ''-mat'' nouns: ''þemat, þematas, þematə, þematil'' 'topic, theme'.

==== Predicative adjectives ====
The predicative/adverbial marker ''bə'' followed by the bare form is used for predicative adjectives: ''Ri śadrəs bə bušət'' 'The room is big'.

==== Degree ====
*Equative: ''de'' = as X as; equally X (~ BH ''day'' 'enough')
*Comparative/Superlative: ''-ur'' = more X or most X (from *3abūr, infinitive absolute of 'to exceed'); comparandum takes ''prej'' 'than' (from Ancient Knench ''pirūðī'' 'when I see'). The ''-ur'' form is indeclinable.

Example: ''bušət'' 'big', ''de bušət'' 'as big as'; ''buštur'' 'bigger/biggest'

=== Pronouns ===
Knench has a pronoun system similar to European languages, except that there is no grammatical gender and ''se'' "that" is used as an inanimate or gender-neutral pronoun. There is a T-V distinction: the 2nd person plural ''tim'' is also used as a polite pronoun.

''I'' (/i:/ or /ɪ/) is the default form for the 1sg subject pronoun; ''ni'' is used after a vowel or for disambiguation.

For gender-neutral usage, ''tu'' has been proposed as a 2nd person singular neopronoun (inspired by Indo-European languages). This isn't as common as using the 2nd person plural ''tim'' as singular, however.

Knench emphatic pronouns come from a suffixed ''-nna'' (precative).
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="wikitable" style="width: 700px; text-align:center;"
|+ Pronouns in {{PAGENAME}}, basic forms
! style="width: 75px; "| → Person
! style="width: 75px; " | I
! style="width: 75px; " | thou (m)
! style="width: 75px; " | thou (f)
! style="width: 75px; " | he
! style="width: 75px; " | she
! style="width: 75px; " | we
! style="width: 75px; " | ye
! style="width: 75px; " | they
|-
! Basic forms
| ''i, ni''
| ''tə''
| ''ti''
| ''u''
| ''oj''
| ''nu''
| ''tim''
| ''im''
|-
! Emphatic forms
| ''(n)in''
| ''tan''
| ''ten''
| ''un''
| ''ojn, hin''
| ''nun''
| ''temnə''
| ''emnə''
|}

==== Interrogative pronouns ====
* ''da'' = what? (nominal)
** archaic ''ida'' (*hajj dabar 'what thing')
* ''ew'' = who? (*2ajj hū)
** poetic ''mi''
* ''ajšə'' = which?
* ''énə'' = where?
* ''məðé'' = when?
* ''majn'' = why?
** archaic/poetic ''maləx'' (*ma lak 'what's the matter')
* ''xam'' = how many?
* ''xiəlt'' = how?

===Verbs===
Almost all verbs use only one form. For native verbs, this form may be derived from:
* the infinitive construct or the imperative (mostly basic verbs)
* a deverbal noun pattern (most common)
* a univerbation of a verb + noun collocation

The infinitive form may or may not have a prefixed ''l-'', depending on the verb; however, even verbs without l- often display a voicing mutation attesting to the historical lV- (e.g. ''žbuð'' 'to be idle, to lie fallow'). Some verbs instead are derived from other nouns derived from the relevant triconsonantal root rather than the infinitive of a particular verb (e.g. ''benin'' 'to build', cognate to the Hebrew noun ''binyan''; from the root b-n-y)

The infinitive is also used as an imperative: ''ðeht ló oj!'' = 'Give it to her!' Imperatives are negated by placing ''bal'' or ''bawði'' before the verb.
====Inflected verbs====
Knench has only six inflected verbs (i.e. verbs with inflected past and future forms):
*''luð'' 'to be'
*''śuð'' 'to do' (from *ʕaśō, with contamination from *paȝal): used to form past and future perfective tenses
*''buð'' 'to come' (from *bô): sometimes means 'must, have to'. ''bu'' is still used as a directional.
*''leht'' 'to go' (from *halak), also used as a passive auxilliary for dechticaetiative objects
*''kaht'' 'to take' (from *laqaħ): also used for animate patients of ditransitive verbs
*''ðeht'' 'to give' (from *natan, with contamination from *hinīħ 'to leave' and naħħil 'to bequeath'): also used for causatives
Their forms have become more similar to each other due to analogy.

Knench maintains a distinction between independent and dependent forms for finite verbs, like Old Irish. The independent forms come from the Ancient Knench waw-consecutive. Using a preverb such as ''lu'' 'not', ''veə'' '(interrogative form of present marker ''ri'')', ''xaž'' 'relativizer', or ''śu'' 'I'm sure that...' (from the infinitive absolute *3aśū of *3aśō 'to do'; generalized from ''*3aśū ja3śiju'' 'he will indeed do') requires the dependent form. Dependent past forms and future forms are formally identical to independent future forms and past forms, respectively, except for ''luð'' 'to be'.

Even verbs with finite forms are defective verbs, since finite forms are always perfective (except forms of ''luð''). To express the imperfective with these verbs, you still have to use the copula + bə + VN construction. The negator ''lu'' only negates finite verbs.

The present particle ''ri'' comes from ''ru{{aleph}}i'', the imperative of ''ra{{aleph}}ō'' 'to see'. ''Ri'' is not used in subordinate clauses:
*'''''Ri''' Đavíð þaś žin.'' = David is about to sleep.
*'''''Pið''' Đavíð þaś žin, r'u dal bə xapuð uras.'' = When David goes to sleep, he doesn't turn off the lights.
* ''Veə Đavíð þaś žin?'' = Is David going to bed? (neutral)
* '''''Ri''' Đavíð dar þaś žin.'' = David is not going to bed.

{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="wikitable" style="width: 750px; text-align:center;"
|+ Inflected verbs in {{PAGENAME}}
! colspan=2 style="width: 75px; "| → Person
! style="width: 75px; " | I
! style="width: 75px; " | thou (m)
! style="width: 75px; " | thou (f)
! style="width: 75px; " | he
! style="width: 75px; " | she
! style="width: 75px; " | we
! style="width: 75px; " | you (plural)
! style="width: 75px; " | they
|-
! colspan=2|Present ''ri/r' ''
| ''i, ni''
| ''tə''
| ''ti''
| ''r'u''
| ''r'oj''
| ''nu''
| ''tim''
| ''r'im''
|-
!rowspan=4| ''luð''
! future indep.
| ''wej(ð) i''
| ''wejs tə''
| ''wejs ti''
| ''wii u''
| ''wieþ oj''
| ''wejn nu''
| ''wejs tim''
| ''wilu'm''
|-
! future dep.
| ''jie i''
| ''þies tə''
| ''þies ti''
| ''jie u''
| ''þieþ oj''
| ''nien nu''
| ''þies tim''
| ''juu'm''
|-
! past indep.
| ''waj i''
| ''was tə''
| ''was ti''
| ''waj u''
| ''waþ oj''
| ''wan nu''
| ''was tim''
| ''waju'm''
|-
! past dep.
| ''hej(ð) i''
| ''hejs tə''
| ''hejs ti''
| ''hie u''
| ''hieþ oj''
| ''hejn nu''
| ''hejs tim''
| ''hilu'm''
|-
!rowspan=2| ''śuð''
! future indep.
| ''fow(ð) i''
| ''fows tə''
| ''fows ti''
| ''fow u''
| ''foəþ oj''
| ''fown nu''
| ''fows tim''
| ''folu'm''
|-
! past indep.
| ''woś i''
| ''þoś tə''
| ''þoś ti''
| ''joś u''
| ''þoś oj''
| ''noś nu''
| ''þoś tim''
| ''jośu'm''
|-
!rowspan=2| ''buð''
! future indep.
| ''pow(ð) i''
| ''pows tə''
| ''pows ti''
| ''pow u''
| ''poəþ oj''
| ''pown nu''
| ''pows tim''
| ''polu'm''
|-
! past indep.
| ''pax i''
| ''tpax tə''
| ''tpaj ti''
| ''pax u''
| ''tpax oj''
| ''pax nu''
| ''tpaw tim''
| ''paw'm''
|-
!rowspan=2| ''leht''
! future indep.
| ''law(ð) i''
| ''laws tə''
| ''laws ti''
| ''law u''
| ''laəþ oj''
| ''lawn nu''
| ''laws tim''
| ''lalu'm''
|-
! past indep.
| ''lax i''
| ''tlax tə''
| ''tlej ti''
| ''lax u''
| ''tlax oj''
| ''lax nu''
| ''tlaw tim''
| ''law'm''
|-
!rowspan=2| ''kaht''
! future indep.
| ''kaw(ð) i''
| ''kaws tə''
| ''kaws ti''
| ''kaw u''
| ''kaəþ oj''
| ''kawn nu''
| ''kaws tim''
| ''kalu'm''
|-
! past indep.
| ''kax i''
| ''tkax tə''
| ''tkaj ti''
| ''kax u''
| ''tkax oj''
| ''kax nu''
| ''tkaw tim''
| ''kaw'm''
|-
!rowspan=2| ''ðeht''
! future indep.
| ''naw(ð) i''
| ''naws tə''
| ''naws ti''
| ''naw u''
| ''naəþ oj''
| ''nawn nu''
| ''naws tim''
| ''nalu'm''
|-
! past indep.
| ''nax i''
| ''tnax tə''
| ''tnaj ti''
| ''nax u''
| ''tnax oj''
| ''nax nu''
| ''tnaw tim''
| ''naw'm''
|}

====Regular pa3al verbs====
The regular pattern is *(li)CCuC.

When the historical C1 is a pharyngeal, the ''l-'' usually resurfaces:
* C1 = ayin: ''lubuə'' 'to go past' /lʊˈbuə/
* C1 = heth: ''litul'' 'to cease/stop' /lɪˈtʊl/

This doesn't happen when C1 = aleph/he: ''vuð'' /vʊð/ 'to bake, to fire', ''zuð'' /z{{den}}ʊð/ 'to be crazy, to be cool'.

====*-t verbs====
*leht /lɛht/ = to go by foot
*kaht /kaht/ = to take
*žeht /ʒɛht/ = to go back
*žef /ʒɛf/ = to sit
*les /lɛs{{den}}/ = to be born
*res /ɹɛs{{den}}/ = to go down
*reš /ɹɛʃ/ = to acquire; to get
*ðeht /ðɛht/ = to give
*śeht /s{{ret}}ɛht/ = to carry, to owe, should
*ceht /t{{den}}{{tiebar}}s{{den}}ɛht/ = to go out, to start X-ing
*žoot /ʒoːt/ = (of time) to go by
*goot /goːt/ = to do X correctly
*doot /doːt/ = to know
*toot /toːt/ = to farm, to grow (plants)

===Prepositions===
Prepositions inflect like in Welsh: for pronominal prepositional objects, usually the preposition is inflected and is followed by the independent pronoun. The inflected preposition is stressed unless the emphatic pronoun is used: ''lah tə'' /'lax tə/ 'to you' vs. ''lah tan'' /lax 'tan/ 'to you, specifically'.

example of a {{PAGENAME}} inflected preposition: el "for"; pə/p' 'in, at' is inflected similarly
*1sg: l'i, li ni
*2sg.m: lah tə
*2sg.f: lah ti
*3sg.m: lom u
*3sg.f: l'oj, ló oj
*3sg.n: ləze
*1pl. lon nu
*2pl. lam tim
*3pl. low'm

Other prepositions:
*''men'' = from
*''tubel'' = for
*''jaən'' = because of (also "reason")
*''łaj'' = on, above
*''jaś, jaśəm'' = with (both inst. and com.)
*''pəłee'' = inside, within
**sim. ''ləłee, məłee'' 'into, out of'
*''pəlip'' = amidst
*''wen'' = without
*''mənie'' = before, in front of
*''kodm'' = before (temporally)
*''śni'' = after (Hitsi šeni 'second half')
*''məłææl'' = above
*''məþææl'' = below
*''þaht'' = instead of
*''til'' = like, as
*''śakə'' = until

=== Numbers ===
0-10: sifə, śaa, hniəm/hniə (attributive), hluž, arvu, śami, šeš, šebu, hmɨɨn, þež, łaaś

11-20: štoo, hnajoo, hlužoo, arvoo, śamižoo, šešoo, šeboo, hmɨɨnoo, þežoo, hniə łəəśi

21-30: łəəśi śaa, łəəśi hniəm, ... łəəśi łaaś

31-40: łəəśi štąh, ..., hniə łəəśi

41, 42, ...: hniə łəəśi śaa, hniə łəəśi šném, ...

60: hluž łəəśi

...

100: miə

1000: awv

==Syntax==
===Constituent order===
The order is tense-subject-verb-object.

:'''''R'ižəs ław bloo u abləs.'''''
:''The man is eating the apple.''

:'''''Ri piəð u bə de kruu til stadi.'''''
:''His house is as big as a stadium.''

:'''''Fól oj ðə fluð xawgpéð oj bə ro-múxr.'''''
:''She did her homework too late.''

The negative particle ''dal'' (from ''tabar lū'' 'not anything') comes after the subject pronoun and before the verb.

===Faulty accusative===
{{PAGENAME}} has the faulty accusative (glossed as FA) particle ''ðə'' or ''ð' '', from Ancient Knench ''jūδ ha-''. It is actually not used for direct objects, but only for constituents that are separated from their heads. It also replaces a (TAM-marking) "preposition" in front of a lexical verb, when no preposition is used.

=== Noun phrase ===
Y's X = X Y-DEF: ''šem vaziləs'' = the king's name

To say "this X" or "that X", ''X-DEF fu'' and ''X-DEF feni'' (lit. "the X here" and "the X there") are used. To say "this" and "that", you say ''se fu'' and ''se feni'' (where the ''se'' becomes ''ilə'' in the plural).

''havu, haveni'' = like this, like that

The abstract demonstrative (referring to sentences or facts) is ''suð''.

===Verb phrase===
Knench allows arbitrarily long chains of pseudo-auxiliaries:
: '''''R'oj bə kofstəl* oj gąt latsææg.'''''
: 3SG.F.PRES IPFV never_fail to_do_correctly to_joke
: ''Her jokes never fail to land.''
(*) a loan from an unknown source
====VN constructions====
Knench has a rich tense-aspect system which expresses imperfective/perfective as well as progressive and perfect.
*'''''ri''' Parm '''bə''' leht oj'' = Parm goes
*'''''ri''' Parm '''ław''' leht oj'' = Parm is going
*'''''ri''' Parm '''þax''' leht oj'' = Parm is about to go
*'''''ri''' Parm '''xni''' leht oj'' = Parm has gone
*'''''ri''' Parm '''xni juð oj bə''' leht'' = Parm has been going
*'''''ri''' Parm '''dəž''' leht oj'' = Parm just went
*'''''ri''' Parm '''wen''' leht oj'' = Parm hasn't went
*'''''fól''' Parm '''ðə''' leht'' = Parm went (perfective; cf. AAVE ''She done went'')
*'''''þąf''' Parm '''ðə''' leht'' = Parm will go (perfective)
*'''''han''' Parm '''bə''' leht oj'' = Parm went (imperfective)
*'''''þé''' Parm '''bə''' leht oj'' = Parm will go (imperfective)
*''leht!'' = Go! (number neutral)
*'''''gwenu''' leht!'' (3uqbinu lekt "follow us to go") = Let's go!

In clauses with a copula and a verbal noun, Knench requires the pronoun corresponding to the subject to come right after the verbal noun: ''R'ižəs bø hél u ð'abwəs''. This is etymologically "See the man when he's eating the apple", cf. Biblical and literary Modern Hebrew באכלו את התפוח "when he eats the apple (but tense- and aspect-neutral)".

The clause-initial subject pronoun + bə colloquially tends to be omitted in the present tense when the subject is 1st or 2nd person: ''Ðób tə ð'i nr?'' 'Do you love me?'

==== Passive and causative ====
''Ðett'' 'to give' is used as an auxiliary for the causative:
: ''Nawð i ðə pinxadəs el kapwəs el ąnuj.''
: I made the horse bore the farmer to death.
: (lit. I gave the horse the farmer to inflict boredom)
In a ''ðett''-causative construction, the more animate object takes the dative preposition ''el''. This connects ditransitives which are causatives of transitives to the basic ditransitive verb 'give'.

To form passives two different auxiliaries are used:
* ''Kaht'' 'to take' is used as an auxiliary to raise the animate object of a ditransitive verb.
* ''leht'' 'to go' is used to raise the inanimate object of both monotransitive and ditransitive verbs (as well as the object of the original verb which is causativized).

: ''Kawð u đə ląbur mitəs rup məšólə.''
: 'He was made to suffer so many things.'

: ''Lawð łeśwəs đə hél men kapwəs.''
: 'The grass was fed to the horse.'

=== Balancing vs deranking conjunctions ===
Balancing conjunctions take full finite clauses (clauses with a finite verb or an auxiliary):
* ''ej'' "and"
* ''ow'' "or"
* ''mur'' (complementizer)
* ''łeþr'' "when"
* ''wí'' "if" (< *wa-kī)
* ''jern'' "because"

Deranking conjunctions replace finite forms of the copula ''juð'' and thus are also called ''copula-replacing conjunctions'' (e.g. by Hrafn). Some CRCs are:
* ''prí'' "than"
* ''jið'' (complementizer)
* ''pið'' "when"

=== Time clauses ===
==== ''pið''-clauses ====
A ''pið''-clause is in the same tense as the clause it's embedded in. ''Pið''-clauses denote states, things that can be marked with ''re'' + tense markers in the present tense), rather than completed actions.
==== ''łeþr''-clauses ====
''łeþr'' are used for clauses with auxiliaries other than the present tense copula.

===Complementizer===
There is a complementizer ''mur'' (from ''lēmūr'') or ''jið'' (from conflation of ''hajūδ'' 'to be' and ''jūδ'' accusative marker) depending on dialect.

===Relativizer===
In most cases, relative clauses use the relativizer ''xaž'' (from ''*χa-ʔašir'' 'like that which'). ''n'' may appear after the resumptive pronoun if one is used.

Subject of a copula auxiliary:
: '''''paras xaž hie __ bə gri u "pnar"'''''
: the boy who cried (would cry) wolf

Subject with a non-copula auxiliary:
: '''''paras xaž fow __ gri "pnar"'''''
: the boy who cried wolf (once)

Direct object:
: '''''vivlias xaž fown nu ðə gru (se (n))'''''
: the book that we read

Oblique object:
: '''''péðas xaž hieþ oj bə xun oj pəze (n)'''''
: the house she used to live in

To relativise the subject of a ''present'' copula, ''łom'' (from hā-3ūmid 'that is standing') is used:

: R' abwas pə śadə i. -> '''''abwas łom pə śadə i'''''
: the apple in my flat

: Ri plenžil śni leht im. -> '''''plenžil łom xni leht im'''''
: the people who have gone

=== Serial verb construction ===
Serial verbs are also very common in Knench:

: '''''Pow Móšé ðə kaht vdųś prið u. / Fow Móšé ðə buð kaht vdųś prið u. '''''
: come.PST.3SG.M Moshe FA take.INF open.INF gift 3sg.m / PST.3SG.M Moshe FA come.INF take.INF open.INF gift 3SG.M
:Moshe came, took, and opened his gift.

Directionals derived from verbs, such as ''leht'' '(t)hence', ''bu'' '(t)hither' and ''kub'' 'movement together with another person' are also common and may replace pronouns.

=== Wh-questions ===
No special treatment is observed unless the wh-word is the subject, in which case ''łom'' is used after the wh-word. However, ''łom'' is not used in a question in the form of a nominal sentence. (As always, ''ri'' is dropped in questions.)

:'''''Dar Petə bə fluð?'''''
:''What's Peter doing?''

:'''''Dar łom bə gruð?'''''
:''What's happening?''

:'''''Dar se fu? (*Dar łom se fu?)'''''
:''What's this?''

:'''''Énr ti?'''''
:''Where are you?''

:'''''Énr fows tə ðə leht?''''' / '''''Énr laws tr?'''''
:''Where have you been?''

==Vocabulary==
Knench has the following vocabulary layers:

# Most of the common words are inherited from the Semitic common ancestor of Ancient Knench and Biblical Hebrew, however they often show drastic semantic drift or univerbation. Example: ''šłúd'' 'a lot' comes from ''saȝudō'' 'feast'. Cranberry morphemes are not uncommon in Semito-Knench.
# Azalic substrate
# Ancient Greek, Aramaic
# Latin, Romance, Arabic, Turkic and Modern Greek

Although it is attested in Ancient Knench, the *CaCīCō verbal noun pattern is not as productive as the corresponding pattern in Mishnaic and Modern Hebrew.

Many words are formed from earlier construct state or verb + object combinations, and are sometimes unrecognizable as such:
*''əmbein'' 'brick' from ''*habanē binjan'' 'building stones'
*''həvgom'' 'massacre; (slang) debacle, fiasco; a mess' from ''*šafx dam'' 'spilling of blood'
*''łienəm'' 'source' from ''ʕēn mayim'' 'spring of water'
*''xifin'' 'to like' from ''*śe'θ fin'' lit. 'lift the face of' meaning 'to favor'
*''xihniem (el)'' 'to look at' from ''*śe'θ 3ēnajim'' 'lift eyes'
*''krəlieb'' 'conscience' from ''*qūl hal-lēbb'' lit. 'voice of the heart'

Some productive affixes are:
*pen-/ple- = agentive, -ling
** ''pnar'' 'wolf' comes from older *ben harr 'mountainling'; a euphemism replacing Ancient Knench ''zēb'', which had become taboo by Old Knench
*peδ- = place noun
*pəd-/pd- = associated inanimate, esp. singulative of a collective noun (from peθθ 'daughter')
** ''pdoo'' = tree (*pett ja3r)
** ''pdam'' = wave (*pett jamm)
** ''pdəəm'' = word (irreg. metathesis from *pett himrō)
** ''pdeš'' = flame
** ''pled'' = echo
** ''pədnə'' = stream
** ''pəmtaa'' = dew (from ''mtaa'' 'rain')
** ''pədkažəm'' = (''poetic'') petrichor
*''-l'' = transitivizer or causative of verbs (from a -w ~ -ul alternation in some intransitive-transitive verb pairs)
** ''hamžəl'' 'to dry' < ''hamž'' '(archaic) sun'
* -is: -ess (from Greek)
** ''vazilis'' 'queen' < ''vazil'' 'king'
** ''mææšivis'' 'witch' < ''mææšiv'' 'mage, wizard'
* ''lið-'' = mediopassive
* ''məð-'' is more productive and is used to form verbal adjectives, serving the role of passive participles
** ''luri'' 'to amaze'; ''muri'' 'amazing'; ''məðuri'' 'amazed'

==Example texts==
===UDHR, Article 1===
:'''''Law xol plææžil ðə les im bə śraa ej bə haw łaj hogləs ej rejtil. Kalu'm ðə lugud jaś režən ej krəliəb, ej r'im bə śeht im liðali śad jaśəm hɨɨv p nažəm axə.'''''
:PASS.PST.3SG.NF all human/PL-DEF.PL be_born 3PL PRED free and PRED equal on dignity-DEF.SG and right-DEF.PL. PASS.PRES-3PL endow with reason and conscience, and PRES.3PL PRES carry 3PL behave with one_another LOC spirit brotherhood.
:''All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act toward one another in a spirit of brotherhood.''

===Schleicher's Fable===

==Phrasebook==
When three forms are given, the forms are respectively for addressing one man (informally), one woman (informally), and politely/gender-neutrally respectively.
*''Hlum!'' = Hello! / Goodbye!
* ''Matin tub!'' = Good morning!
* ''Śnitsoə tub!'' = Good afternoon!
* ''Łaab tub!'' = Good evening!
* ''Liəl tub!'' = Good night!
*''Śakə!'' = See you!
*''Bu də/di/dim!'' = Welcome!
*''Praw lah tə/ti [lam tim]!'' = Thank you!
*''Im tsəśiəm tə/ti/tim'' = Please (etym. ''himm jimtsā Hinn ba3ēnēxa'' 'if it finds favor in your eyes')
**also ''pləiz'' (from English)
*''łeþ tub'' = have fun
* ''Ajžə heməs kaws tə/ti [kawðu tim]?'' = What's your name?
*''Kawð i ðə [NAME].'' = My name is [NAME].
*''Powð i men...'' = I'm from...
*''Lawð i les pə...'' = I was born in...
*''I bə fu.'' = I'm here.
*''(I bə) ðuəb i ðah tə/ti [ðam tim].'' = I love you.

[[Category:{{PAGENAME}}]]
[[Category:Languages]]
[[Category:Semitic languages]]
[[Category:Stem-Hebrew]]

Bhẉĉĉāṇa

2023-04-20T10:26:28Z

Praimhín:

'''Bhẉĉĉāṇa''' /bʙ̣!:a:ɳa/ is a language of Tricin. It's part of the Berctanic language family.

==Phylogeny==
*Proto-Berctanic
**Bhẉĉĉāṇa
**Verthanic
**??

Vruxma

2023-04-20T10:19:31Z

Praimhín: /* Verbs */

'''Vruxma''' /ˈvruxma/ is a classical language of Tricin and a significant source of loanwords in Gussnish and Cuam.

= Phonology =
a e i o u ə ɨ y (''a e i o u ə î ü'')

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! !! Labial !! Dental !! Alveolar !! Lateral !! Postalveolar !! Palatal !! Velar !! Glottal
|-
| Nasal || m /m/|| n /n/|| || || || || ŋ /ŋ/ ||
|-
| Aspirated Stop/Affricate || p /p/ || t /t/ || c /ts/ || tł /tɬ/ || č /tʃ/ || || k /k/ ||
|-
| Unaspirated Stop/Affricate || b /b/ || d /d/ || dz /dz/ || dλ /dɮ/ || dž /dʒ/|| || g /g/||
|-
| Voiceless Fricative || f /f/ || θ /θ/|| s /s/ || ł /ɬ/|| š /ʃ/ || || x /x/ || h /h/
|-
| Voiced Fricative || v /v/ || δ /ð/|| z /z/|| λ /ɮ/ || ž /ʒ/|| || γ /ɣ/||
|-
| Voiceless Trill || || || rh /r̥/ || || || || ||
|-
| Voiced Trill || || || r /r/ || || || || ||
|-
| Approximant || || || || l /l/|| || y /j/|| w /w/||
|}

In some accents, the trill /r/ is merged with /l/, the voiceless trill is merged with /h/, and /r/ is eliminated in Cr- clusters.

=Morphology=
General idea: "a synthetic fusional language with Thai pragmatics"
==Nouns==

Vruxma nouns occur in four cases: topical, direct, oblique, vocative; as well as absolute, definite, and construct states.

Notably, number marking in Vruxma occurs only in the construct state. Vruxma has a system of classifiers like Thai, and plural marking generally occurs only on classifiers -- otherwise nouns are plurality-neutral.

Vruxma has no grammatical gender.

==Pronouns==

Pronouns are generally optional in Vruxma, and are often substituted with titles or kinship terms. These are generally used to specify age, gender, and other attributes.

Vruxma has a three-way system of demonstratives which cause nominal referents to show up in the definite or construct state.

==Verbs==
Vruxma verbs include what would be considered verbs, adjectives, and prepositions in Indo-European languages.

[[Category:In-universe conlangs]]

Vruxma

2023-04-20T10:16:17Z

Praimhín: /* Pronouns */

Vruxma

2023-04-20T10:16:05Z

Praimhín: /* Nouns */

'''Vruxma''' /ˈvruxma/ is a classical language of Tricin and a significant source of loanwords in Gussnish and Cuam.

= Phonology =
a e i o u ə ɨ y (''a e i o u ə î ü'')

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! !! Labial !! Dental !! Alveolar !! Lateral !! Postalveolar !! Palatal !! Velar !! Glottal
|-
| Nasal || m /m/|| n /n/|| || || || || ŋ /ŋ/ ||
|-
| Aspirated Stop/Affricate || p /p/ || t /t/ || c /ts/ || tł /tɬ/ || č /tʃ/ || || k /k/ ||
|-
| Unaspirated Stop/Affricate || b /b/ || d /d/ || dz /dz/ || dλ /dɮ/ || dž /dʒ/|| || g /g/||
|-
| Voiceless Fricative || f /f/ || θ /θ/|| s /s/ || ł /ɬ/|| š /ʃ/ || || x /x/ || h /h/
|-
| Voiced Fricative || v /v/ || δ /ð/|| z /z/|| λ /ɮ/ || ž /ʒ/|| || γ /ɣ/||
|-
| Voiceless Trill || || || rh /r̥/ || || || || ||
|-
| Voiced Trill || || || r /r/ || || || || ||
|-
| Approximant || || || || l /l/|| || y /j/|| w /w/||
|}

In some accents, the trill /r/ is merged with /l/, the voiceless trill is merged with /h/, and /r/ is eliminated in Cr- clusters.

=Morphology=
General idea: "a synthetic fusional language with Thai pragmatics"
==Nouns==

Vruxma nouns occur in four cases: topical, direct, oblique, vocative; as well as absolute, definite, and construct states.

Notably, number marking in Vruxma occurs only in the construct state. Vruxma has a system of classifiers like Thai, and plural marking generally occurs only on classifiers -- otherwise nouns are plurality-neutral.

Vruxma has no grammatical gender.

==Pronouns==

Pronouns are generally optional in Vruxma, and are often substituted with titles or kinship terms. These are generally used to specify age, gender, and other attributes.

Vruxma has a three-way system of demonstratives which cause nominal referents to show up in the definite state.

==Verbs==

[[Category:In-universe conlangs]]

Vruxma

2023-04-20T10:13:09Z

Praimhín: /* Nouns */

Vruxma

2023-04-20T10:10:17Z

Praimhín: /* Nouns */

Vruxma

2023-04-20T10:09:56Z

Praimhín: /* Phonology */

Vruxma

2023-04-20T10:09:41Z

Praimhín: /* Phonology */

'''Vruxma''' /ˈvruxma/ is a classical language of Tricin and a significant source of loanwords in Gussnish and Cuam.

== Phonology ==
a e i o u ə ɨ y (''a e i o u ə î ü'')

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! !! Labial !! Dental !! Alveolar !! Lateral !! Postalveolar !! Palatal !! Velar !! Glottal
|-
| Nasal || m /m/|| n /n/|| || || || || ŋ /ŋ/ ||
|-
| Aspirated Stop/Affricate || p /p/ || t /t/ || c /ts/ || tł /tɬ/ || č /tʃ/ || || k /k/ ||
|-
| Unaspirated Stop/Affricate || b /b/ || d /d/ || dz /dz/ || dλ /dɮ/ || dž /dʒ/|| || g /g/||
|-
| Voiceless Fricative || f /f/ || θ /θ/|| s /s/ || ł /ɬ/|| š /ʃ/ || || x /x/ || h /h/
|-
| Voiced Fricative || v /v/ || δ /ð/|| z /z/|| λ /ɮ/ || ž /ʒ/|| || γ /ɣ/||
|-
| Voiceless Trill || || || rh /r̥/ || || || || ||
|-
| Voiced Trill || || || r /r/ || || || || ||
|-
| Approximant || || || || l /l/|| || y /j/|| w /w/||
|}

In some accents, the trill /r/ is merged with /l/, the voiceless trill is merged with /h/, and /r/ is eliminated in Cr- clusters.

=Morphology=
General idea: "a synthetic fusional language with Thai pragmatics"
==Nouns==

Vruxma nouns occur in five cases: topical, direct, oblique, vocative; as well as absolute, definite, and construct states.

==Verbs==

[[Category:In-universe conlangs]]

Vruxma

2023-04-20T10:05:58Z

Praimhín: /* Phonology */

Vruxma

2023-04-20T10:04:42Z

Praimhín: /* Phonology */

'''Vruxma''' /ˈvruxma/ is a classical language of Tricin and a significant source of loanwords in Gussnish and Cuam.

== Phonology ==
a e i o u ə ɨ y (''a e i o u ə î ü'')

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! !! Labial !! Dental !! Alveolar !! Lateral !! Postalveolar !! Palatal !! Velar !! Glottal
|-
| Nasal || m /m/|| n /n/|| || || || || ŋ /ŋ/ ||
|-
| Aspirated Stop/Affricate || p /p/ || t /t/ || c /ts/ || tł /tɬ/ || č /tʃ/ || || k /k/ ||
|-
| Unaspirated Stop/Affricate || b /b/ || d /d/ || dz /dz/ || dλ /dɮ/ || dž /dʒ/|| || g /g/||
|-
| Voiceless Fricative || f /f/ || θ /θ/|| s /s/ || ł /ɬ/|| š /ʃ/ || || x /x/ || h /h/
|-
| Voiced Fricative || v /v/ || δ /ð/|| z /z/|| λ /ɮ/ || ž /ʒ/|| || γ /ɣ/||
|-
| Voiceless Trill || || || rh /r̥/ || || || || ||
|-
| Voiced Trill || || || r /r/ || || || || ||
|-
| Approximant || || || || l /l/|| || y /j/|| w /w/||
|}

In some accents, the trill /r/ is merged with /l/, and the voiceless trill is merged with /h/.

[[Category:In-universe conlangs]]

Vruxma

2023-04-20T10:03:47Z

Praimhín:

Clofabosin

2023-04-19T02:21:15Z

Praimhín: /* Some noun clitics */

{{Infobox language
|image = Script_Clofabosin.png
|creator = [[User:IlL|IlL]], [[User:Praimhín|Praimhín]]
|setting = [[Verse:Tricin]]
|name = {{PAGENAME}}
|nativename = ƎΠΔꙞΛỺΔᖵꝨИ clofabosin
|pronunciation= 'kl{{den}}ofabosin{{den}}
|setting = [[Verse:Tricin/Etalocin|Etalocin]]
|familycolor=isolate
|ancestor=[[Clofabosin/Middle|Middle Clofabosin]]
|scripts=* Clofabian alphabet
|nation=Clofabolocin Dodellia Quelocin
|agency=''Ativa-luxedanasnusulfan'' (ALA)
|notice=IPA
}}
[[{{PAGENAME}}/Lexicon|Rebotaxin (Lexicon)]] 
[[{{PAGENAME}}/Swadesh list|Swadesh list]] 
[[{{PAGENAME}}/Phrasebook|Phrasebook]] 
[[{{PAGENAME}}/Names|Names]] 
[[{{PAGENAME}}/Periodic table|Periodic table]] 
[[{{PAGENAME}}/Clofabosin|cefspirine clofabosib conacin]]

'''{{PAGENAME}}''' or '''Clofabian''' (English /kloʊˈfæbəsɪn/ ''kloh-FAB-ə-sin''; {{PAGENAME}}: ƎΠΔꙞΛỺΔᖵꞰⱵΔLꝨИ ''clo·fabo·serotin'' /klofaboˈseɾotin/ 'AUG-river-language', ''clofaboluxedan'' /klofaboˈluksedan/ or simply ƎΠΔꙞΛỺΔᖵꝨИ ''clofabosin'' /'klofabosin/ [ˈklōfábōsìn] 'Clofabian [thing]') is a conlang inspired by drug generic names (international nonproprietary names, such as ''sertraline'' for Zoloft). It seeks to answer the question "What if drug names were a language?"

Clofabosin is an agglutinative, fusional-ish language with a consistently head-final grammar. It is the most prominent language in the Clofabic dialect continuum, which also includes the closely related Asvasiran language. Clofabosin is the official language of [[Verse:Tricin/Clofabolocin|Clofabolocin]] ('Clofabian land') and [[Verse:Tricin/Dodellia|Dodellia]] (Clofabosin: ''dodellocridan'') in [[Verse:Tricin/Etalocin|Etalocin]].

==Todo==

[https://cdn.who.int/media/docs/default-source/international-nonproprietary-names-(inn)/stembook-2018.pdf?sfvrsn=32a51b3c_6&download=true 2018 stem book]

[https://cdn.who.int/media/docs/default-source/international-nonproprietary-names-(inn)/addendum-stembook2018-202210.pdf?sfvrsn=842c90_3&download=true 2022 addendum]

[https://cdn.who.int/media/docs/default-source/international-nonproprietary-names-(inn)/prestem_suffixes_202210.pdf?sfvrsn=dbe56fc8_3&download=true 2022 prestems]

Goal: Duolingo course
*platin, poetin
*''clofabosine nibucin futivir'' or ''clofabosin nibustim futivir'' = clofabosin is easy to learn
*classifier ''-fos''
*''-pred'': the entire...
*''-flapon, -filcon''
*''-nefa-''
*''-pamil'': 'full of'
*''-tiazem'': place names
*''-(x)antrone'' (''exantrin'')
*more suffixes: ''-butan, -casan, -fiban, -fentanil, -etanide, -flurane, -ganan, -osuran, -tant, -zotan, -sonan, -xaban'' <-
some of those affixes should be dialectal
* Paliperidin (paliperidone) = a Clofabian religious text made up of poetry (palin = line, peridin = collection)

==Orthography==
[[File:Clofabian_script.png|thumbnail|Clofabian script|750px]]

Clofabosin uses a script known as ''ativasabatin'' in Clofabosin, a case-less LTR alphabet, but speakers write in a style of cursive handwriting. It was invented by the lexicographer and poet Ativan Tdap.

The full letter name is used for declining, and the short form (omit the parenthesized part) is used for spelling out words. The alphabetical order is as follows:

*X: D (''do'')
*Ⱶ: R (''re'')
*Ŧ: M (''mi'')
*Ꙟ: F (''fa'')
*ᖵ: S (''sol'')
*Π: L (''la'')
*L: T (''ti'')
*Σ: G (''go'')
*H: CH (''che'')
*Ш: P (''pe'')
*И: N (''nar'')
*Ⳙ: V (''vi'')
*Ꝟ: TH (''tha'')
*Ỻ: B (''ba'')
*Ǝ: C (''ce'')
*Џ: Z (''zu'')
*Ɥ: H (''ha'')
*Ꝩ: I (''i'')
*Ʞ: E (''e'')
*Λ: A (''a'')
*Δ: O (''o'')
*Ξ: U (''u'')
*ᒣ: Y (''y'')
*Ɐ: X (''ces'') (a ligature of C and S)

For sake of aesthetics, in the romanization only personal names are capitalized.
===Alphabet Song (spidexostilin)===
<poem>
''Do re mi fa sol la ti,''
''go pe nar vi ba ce zu.''
''I, e, a o u,''
''spidexine nibuzole.''
</poem>

===Numerals===
Clofabosin uses a base-12 positional numeral system. The digits are as follows:

ɔ ı ʎ ɺ ħ ʕ ʑ ɛ ɴ κ ə ʋ = 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 X E

duodecimal point: :

1728's separator (optional): ·

Examples:

2017 = 1,201dd = ı·ʎɔı

π = 3.184809493b918...dd = ɺ:ıɴħ·ɴɔк·ħкɺ·кʋı·ɴ...

==Phonology==
Clofabosin has a small phonemic inventory of 14 consonants and 5 vowels.
===Stress===
Stress is weak and word-initial.

===Consonants===
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="wikitable" style="width: 500px; text-align:center;"
|+ '''{{PAGENAME}} consonants'''
! colspan="2" |
! |Labial
! |Dental/Alveolar
! |Velar
! |Glottal
|-
! colspan="2" style="" |Nasal
| '''m''' /m/
| '''n''' /n/
|[ŋ]
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |Plosive
! |voiceless
| '''p''' /p/
| '''t, th''' /t/
| '''c, ch, k''' /k/
|
|-
! |voiced
| '''b''' /b/
| '''d''' /d/
| '''g''' /g/
|
|-
! rowspan="2" style="" |Fricative
! |voiceless
| '''f, ph''' /f/
| '''s''' /s/
| [x]
| ('''h''' /h/)
|-
! |voiced
|rowspan="2"|'''v''' /v~ʋ~w/
| '''z, (j)''' /z/
|
|
|-
! colspan="2" |Approximant
| '''l, ll''' /l/
|
|
|-
! colspan="2" |Flap
|
| '''r''' /ɾ/
|
|
|}

*The letter '''x''' is used for the common sequence /ks/.
*'''h''' /h/ occurs only in loanwords.
*'''j''' occurs only in loans and is pronounced identically to '''z'''.
*The spellings '''th, ch''' occur in proper names and loans.
;Notes
*Syllable-initial /p, t, k/ are lightly aspirated like in Japanese. However, they are unaspirated after /s/.
*Word-final /b, d, g/ are devoiced to [p, t{{den}}, k]: ''ustekinumab'' [ustekinumap] 'welcome'.
*/n, t, d, l/ are dental.
*/ɾ/ is normally alveolar [ɾ] or retracted alveolar [ɾ̠], but may be reduced to [ɹ~ɻ] when word-final. It is pronounced as [ʀ~ʁ] in some dialects.
*/s, z/ are laminal alveolar in standard Clofabosin.
**/z/ has more dialectal variance: [z ~ dz ~ ʒ ~ dʒ ~ ʐ ~ ɻ ~ j ~ ʝ ~ h].
*[ŋ] is an allophone of /n/ before velars.
*/v/ is a labiodental fricative [v] or approximant [ʋ].
**[w] is an allophone of /v/ after velars /k, g/. It is transliterated '''qu, gu''' in this case.
*/k/ is lenited to [x] after /e, o, a/.
*In colloquial speech intervocalic /b/ is often deleted or lenited to [w]: ''clofabosin'' becomes [klofaosi] or [klofawosi]. The ending ''-mab'' is also often pronounced [ma].

===Vowels===

{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
|+ '''{{PAGENAME}} vowels'''
|-
! style="width: 60px; "|
! style="width: 60px; " |Front
! style="width: 60px; " |Central
! style="width: 60px; " |Back
|-
! style="" |Close
| '''i, y''' /i/
|
| '''u''' /u/
|-
! style="" |Mid
| '''e''' /e/
|
| '''o''' /o/
|-
! style="" |Open
|
| '''a''' /a/
|
|}

;Notes
*Word-initial syllables traditionally also had vowel length (marked with an underdot under the vowel in dictionaries), not distinguished by most younger speakers.
*/u/ is often slightly fronted or compressed. However, in singing it is always fully back rounded [u].
*/i, u/ are lowered to [ɪ, ʊ] before /ɾ/.
*/e, o/ are mid [e̞, o̞].
*/a/ is central [ä].
===Phonotactics===
Clofabosin initial clusters are similar to Latin:

*XR: pl pr bl br fl fr tr dr cl cr gl gr
*sC: sp st spr (str is very rare)
*Others: x (rare)

Historically most instances of me- have changed to ma- or mo-.

==Dialectology==
===Streptomycin accent===
*In the colloquial Streptomycin accent /ɾC/ sequences assimilate into geminates [Cː]: ''riconercept'' [ɾikonekkept] 'goodbye'. /n, t, d/ in this position become apical [ɳ, ʈ, ɖ].
*/z/ may be pronounced [j].
*Final /n/ is often dropped.
===Dodellian accent===

===Eevo accent===
*/l/ may be realized as [ɴ], [ʀ] or nasalization.
===Southern Dodellian accent===
*v = [w]
*f = [x]
*z = [ɦ] or dropped entirely
*e o = [ɛ ɔ]

==Morphology==
===Nouns===
Clofabian nouns can take one of many case clitics, which are not true suffixes. Suffixes for "cases" other than the nominative and the accusative are attached to the combining form of the noun. Plurals are marked with ''-(a)zin'', ''-(a)z(o)-'' (e.g. ''amp·in'' person, ''ampazin'' 'people'; ''acti·n'' 'day', ''actizin'' 'days'); pluralization is usually reserved for animates, and are never used with numbers or quantifiers.
====Consonant stems====
{| class="wikitable" style="width: 220px; text-align: center;"
|-
! colspan="3"| '''''efast·in'' - medicine'''
|-
!scope="row"|Nominative
|colspan="2"|''efastin''
|-
!scope="row"|Accusative
|colspan="2"|''efastine''
|-
!scope="row"|Combining form
|colspan="2"|''efast(o)-''
|}

====i-stems====
{| class="wikitable" style="width: 220px; text-align: center;"
|-
! colspan="3"| '''''nepi·n'' - work'''
|-
!scope="row"|Nominative
|colspan="2"|''nepin''
|-
!scope="row"|Accusative
|colspan="2"|''nepine''
|-
!scope="row"|Combining form
|colspan="2"|''nepi(n)-''
|}

====e-stems====
{| class="wikitable" style="width: 220px; text-align: center;"
|-
! colspan="3"| '''''torcafen'' - poet'''
|-
!scope="row"|Nominative
|colspan="2"|''torcafen''
|-
!scope="row"|Accusative
|colspan="2"|''torcafene''
|-
!scope="row"|Combining form
|colspan="2"|''torcafe(n)-''
|}

====a-stems====
Nouns from Asvasiran
{| class="wikitable" style="width: 220px; text-align: center;"
|-
! colspan="3"| '''''atazan'' - story'''
|-
!scope="row"|Nominative
|colspan="2"|''atazan''
|-
!scope="row"|Accusative
|colspan="2"|''atazane''
|-
!scope="row"|Combining form
|colspan="2"|''ataza(n)-''
|}

====Some noun clitics====
*''-fulven'' = 'until, up to'
*''-setron'' = 'throughout'
*''-cidib'' = 'like the X it is'
*''es-'' = 'only an/the X'
*''-pred'' = 'X and all, the likes of X'
*''-ribin'' = 'a couple of', 'an X or two'
*''-ol, -olol'' = genitive
*''-abine'' = 'in front of, before'
*''-acetam'' = 'behind, after'
*''-anserin'' = 'around'
*''-azepam'' = 'by means of'
*''-ib'' = 'in', 'at'
**Normatively, ''-ib'' is not used with weekdays or months - ''-in'' is used instead.
*''-one'' = 'to'
*''-isant'' = 'from'
*''-ase'' = 'with'
*''aril-'' = 'the only X'
*''-arit'' = 'without', '-less'
*''-adox, -ox'' = benefactive
*''-stat'' = 'like'
*''-ast, -ium'' = 'and'
**Both ''-ase'' and ''-ast'' are commonly shortened to ''-as'' in the spoken language.
*''-conast'' = 'than' (< see-CONJ, "after seeing")
*''-imod'' = emphatic, 'X itself'
*''-coxib'' = 'between'
*''-cogin'' = 'inside, amidst'
*''-imex'' = 'among'
*''-protafib'' = 'about' (lit. "at the tree-trunk of")
*''-nabant'' = 'about, regarding, with respect to'
*''-dutant'' = 'above'
*''-nertant'' = 'below'
*''-pitant'' = 'because of'
*''-lubant'' = 'despite'
*''-tibant'' = 'through, via'
*''-stinel'' = 'on behalf of'
*''-antel'' = 'against'
*''-ampanel/-ampator'' = 'including'
*''-berel'' = 'except'
*''-apsel'' = 'instead of, rather than'
*''-grel, -grelor'' = 'following, according to"
*''-ac'' = 'as'
*''-ibat'' = 'each'
*''-gatran'' = 'thanks to'
*''-estrant'' = 'to the right of'
*''-pafant'' = 'to the left of'
*''-asvir'' = (bookish) 'by means of', used to mark agent in passive sentences
*''-lisib'' = outside
*''-pladib'' = inside
*''-pladone'' = into
*''alfa, -al'': 'X also'
*''-stim'' = translative, becoming X
*''-xantrone'' = near
*''-fusp'' = as X as, used with the equative

===Pronouns===
====Personal pronouns====
*''endin, valin'' = 1st, 2nd person singular.
**It is common to shorten the nominative and accusative forms: ''endin, endine'' > ''en, ene'' and ''valin, valine'' > ''van, vane''.
*''ezin, vazin'' = 1st, 2nd person plural
*''dapsin, -dapsin'' = reflexive pronoun

====Correlatives====
*''cef-, cesin, cerin'' = this X, this (thing), this (person); colloquially shortened to ''cen'', which also means 'yes'
*''flu-, flusin, flurin'' = that X, that (thing), that (person); colloquially shortened to ''flin''
*''gli-, glisin, glirin'' = what X?, what? who? colloquially shortened to ''glin''
*''cef(pa)stat, flu(pa)stat, gli(pa)stat'' = like this, like that, how
*''cefstavir, flustavir, glistavir'' = is like this, is like that, how is.../what is it like
*''pred-, presin, prerin'' = all X, everything, everyone
*''nal-, nasin, narin'' = many
*''som-, somosin, somorin'' = some
*''vin-, visin, virin'' = few
*''rifa-, rifasin, rifarin'' = another, more, other
*''dex-, dexosin, dexorin'' = any
*''glirtib, glisertib'' = when?
*''certib, cefsertib'' = now
*''flurtib, flusertib'' = then
*''cefib, flufib, glifib'' = here, there, where?
**predicative forms: ''cefivir, flufivir, glifivir''
*''-sin'' and ''-rin'' are used to nominalize genitives and ordinal numbers as well: ''rivasin'' = second (thing), ''rivarin'' = second (person), ''amposin'' = of the person; even the name of the language ''clofabosin'' is derived from this construction
*''cef-'', ''flu-'', and ''gli-'' can be used as object affixes on verbs: for example, ''fluconazole!'' means '(I) saw that!' or '(I) saw that person/thing!'
**''cefpavir, flupavir, glipavir'' = say this, say that, say what

===Verbs===
====Tense and mood====
{{PAGENAME}} verbs are completely regular and inflect for tense and mood. Subjects may be omitted, as in Japanese and Korean. In tables below, affixes in parentheses denote non-standard or dialectal forms.

Consonant-stem verbs have the following endings:
*''-avir''
*''-umab''
*''-azole''
For V + b, c, d, g, l, m, n, p, r, s, t + suffix beginning with t:
*''-ptinib, -ctinib, -tinib, -ctinib-, -ltinib, -mtinib, -ntinib, -ptinib, -rtinib, -stinib, -tinib''
*''-ptu-, -ctu-, -tu, -ctu-, -ltu-, -mtu-, -ntu-, -ptu-, -rtu-, -stu-, -tu-''
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! !! Indicative !! Subjunctive !! "If" !! "Only if" !! "When" !! "While" !! Conjunctive !! Adverbial !! Resultative !! Optative !! "Because" / Quotative
|-
! Past
| ''-(a)zole'' [-(a)zol] || ''-(a)zumab'' || ''-(a)zosartan'', ''-(a)zartan'' || ''-(a)zobactam'' || ''-(a)zosertib'', ''-(a)zertib'', ''-(a)zokalant''&dagger; || ''-sermin'' || ''-(a)zolast''
|rowspan="4"| ''-(o)stat''
|rowspan="4"| ''-(o)stim'', ''-mostim''
|rowspan="4"| ''-(a)mer'' || ''-pirdine'' [-piɾdin]
|-
! Present
| ''-(a)vir'' || ''-(u)mab'', ''-mumab'', ''-momab'', ''-virumab'' || ''-sartan''
|rowspan="3"| ''-bactam''
|rowspan="3"| ''-sertib'', ''-kalant''&dagger; || ''-fermin'' || ''-lukast''
|| ''-(a)vudine'', ''-(a)virdine'', ''-fenadine''
|-
! Timeless
| ''-tinib'' || ''-vetmab'' [vemab] or [veɾmab] || ''-tisartan'', ''-tartan'' || ''-termin'' ||''-trodast'' || ''-tadine'', ''-tidine'' [-tidin]
|-
! Future
| ''-cept'', ''-vircept'' || ''-ximab'', ''-viximab'' || ''-cisartan'', ''-xartan'' || ''-xermin'' || ''-lukast'' || ''-clidine'' [-klidin]
|}

&dagger; somewhat high register; connotes "in view of the fact that..."

The present tense may be optionally inflected for person as follows (though pronouns in the subject force the verb to be in the third person):

{| class="wikitable " style=" text-align: center;"
|-
!colspan="3" | Present subject affixes
|-
!|
!style="width: 125px; "|Singular
!style="width: 125px; "|Plural
|-
!|1
|''-virenz'' [-viɾens]
|''-viroc''
|-
!|2
|''-virsen''
|''-virine''
|-
!|3
|colspan="2"|''-vir''
|}

(The present tense also has a mirative form, ''-virimat''.)

Analogously the past tense may be inflected as follows:

{| class="wikitable " style=" text-align: center;"
|-
!colspan="3" | Past subject affixes
|-
!|
!style="width: 125px; "|Singular
!style="width: 125px; "|Plural
|-
!|1
|''-(a)zolam, -(a)zam''
|''-(a)zole''
|-
!|2
|''-(a)zole''
|''-(a)zoline''
|-
!|3
|colspan="2"|''-(a)zole''
|}

The subjunctive is used like the infinitive and imperative in other languages (e.g. ''stilocamab!'' 'Sing!'). It can also be used to indicate uncertainty, like "may" or "might".

Yes-no questions are formed by adding the question particle ''pegol'' to the subjunctive: ''zenazumab pegol?'' (Did he go?). In spoken Clofabosin ''-mab pegol'' is often shortened to ''-mapel'' or ''-pel''. Wh-questions do ''not'' use this ending: ''cesin gliserotin(avir)?'' = What language is this?

For realis forms (e.g. indicative, attributive, "when", "while", conjunctive), the negative marker is ''-fo-'': ''sabafovir'' 'he does not write'. For irrealis forms (e.g. subjunctive, conditional, optative, verbal noun), the negative marker is ''-tu(mo)-'': ''sabatumab!'', ''sabatumumab!'' or ''sabatumomab!'' means 'Don't write!'

*'can' (ability) uses ''-tecan'' (inflected as if it were ''-tecavir''; the attributive is ''-taxel'')
**For the related sense "can do X [noun]" or "know how to do X", use ''X atevir'' (dative-stative; cf. Japanese ''dekiru'').
*'must' uses ''-mab tiuxetan'' (spoken Clofabosin: ''-matixan''); the subject is put into the dative.
**Interrogative: usually ''-mab tiuxetanupel?'' or ''-matixapel?''
**''-tumab tiuxetan'' means 'must not'.
*'should' uses ''-mab cituxetan'' (spoken Clofabosin: ''-macituxan'' or ''-macixan'')
*'may' (permission) uses ''-mab vedotin'' (spoken Clofabosin: ''-mavertin'')
**Interrogative: usually ''-mab vedotinupel?'' or ''-mavertipel?''
**''-tumab vedotin'' means 'doesn't have to'.
*'is worth' uses ''-xaban''
*'probably' uses ''-mab merpentan''
*'right when' uses ''-fingol'' or ''-zofingol''
*Emphasis or agreement uses ''-toxa-''/''-toxu-'': ''Ene nelcatoxaximab pegol?'' means 'Will he really love me?'
*There is an archaic imperative ''-kinra''.
*"regardless of" uses ''-mab elucaine''.

The verbal noun uses the suffix ''-cin''/''-kin''/''-kiren''. For negating verbal nouns, ''-tucin'' is used: ''Gositucin guancumavir'' 'Not giving is worse'.

The desiderative uses the following suffixes:

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! !! Indicative !! Subjunctive
|-
! Past
| ''-prazole'', (-''prozole'', ''-prole'') || ''-prazumab''
|-
! Present
| ''-profen'', ''-previr'', (''-provir'') || ''-promab''
|-
! Timeless
| ''-protinib'' || ''-provetmab''
|-
! Future
| ''-procept'' || ''-proximab''
|}

For example, ''raxin plocaprofen.'' = 'I want to drink water.'

For "I want [noun]", the verb used depends on the context: for example, "I want a car" is translated as ''fusnan ibuprofen'' ("I want to have a car"), and "I want an apple" is rendered ''olpan spoprofen'' ("I want to eat an apple").

The desiderative can also be used for ''dative-stative'' (the "logical subject" is in the dative) verbs with 1st person logical subjects:

*''endone clofabosinatecaprofen.'' = 'I want to be able to speak Clofabosin.'

Predicate nouns can fill in for both ''cytavir'' (copula) and ''keravir'' (to exist). The predicative is formed by replacing the final -n in the nominative case of a noun with the following suffixes (which can be omitted):

{| class="wikitable"
|+ '''Predicative suffixes'''
|-
! !! Affirmative indicative !! Negative indicative !! Affirmative subjunctive !! Negative subjunctive
|-
! Past
| ''-nazole'' || ''-fozole'' || ''-nazumab'' || ''-tuzumab''
|-
! Present
| ''-navir'' || ''-fovir'' || ''-numab'' || ''-tumab''
|-
! Timeless
| ''-natinib'' || ''-fotinib'' || ''-navetmab'' || ''-tuvetmab''
|-
! Future
| ''-nercept'', ''-navircept'' || ''-focept'' || ''-naximab'' || ''-tuximab''
|}

The copular verb ''cytavir'' (often shortened to ''tavir'' in colloquial Clofabosin) may also be used. For example: ''endin voprafenavir'' and ''endin voprafen cytavir'' both mean "I am a teacher". Using ''cytavir'' is necessary when using an oblique case NP as a predicate: ''Endin funanetamib cytavir.'' 'I am in my bedroom.'

The predicative and desiderative suffixes may be fused as follows:

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! !! Indicative !! Subjunctive
|-
! Past
| ''-noprazole'' || ''-noprazumab''
|-
! Present
| ''-noprofen'' || ''-nopromab''
|-
! Timeless
| ''-noprotinib'' || ''-noprovetmab''
|-
! Future
| ''-noprocept'' || ''-noproximab''
|}

For example: ''endin voprafenoprofen'' means "I want to be a teacher".

====Attributive verbs====
Attributive verbs are used to form relative clauses. They may be formed with the following suffixes:

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! !! Indicative !! Desiderative
|-
! Past
| ''-zil'' (''-pidil'') || ''-prozil''
|-
! Present
| ''-dil'' || ''-pril''
|-
! Timeless
| ''-tril, -til'' || ''-protil''
|-
! Future
| ''-cil'' || ''-pracil''
|}

For example, ''clorodil taxin'' means 'a big book'; ''endin drepazil taxin'' means 'the book that I've read'.

Nominalized attributives have the following forms:

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! !! Indicative !! Desiderative
|-
! Past
| ''-zil·in'' || ''-prozil·in''
|-
! Present
| ''-dil·in'' || ''-pril·in''
|-
! Timeless
| ''-tril·in'' || ''-protil·in''
|-
! Future
| ''-cil·in'' || ''-pracil·in''
|-
! Tenseless
| ''-(a)n·in'' || ''-pran·in''
|}

====Derivational suffixes====
The suffix ''-tin, -t(o)-'' is used as a patientive: ''spovir'' 'eat' → ''spotin'' 'food', ''inosivir'' 'dwell, inhabit' → ''inositin'' 'apartment'

The suffix ''-(o)cavir'' 'do' may be used to "verb" nouns or borrowed words: for example, ''spuisocavir'' means 'He plays the ''sbwiþ'' (a Talmic plucked instrument with sympathetic strings)'.

====Voice====
The suffixes ''-li'' and ''-ca'' are used to form the passive resp. causative forms. (e.g. ''spovir'' 'eat' > ''spolivir'' 'is eaten').

There is also a less productive causative affix ''-si'', which causes umlaut. (e.g. ''spesivir'' 'to feed' from ''spovir'')

====Degree====
*''bol-'' = 'too much'
*''clo-'' = 'very'
*''luta-'' = equative ("as X as"); also a suffective ("sufficiently X")
**"X like Y" uses ''Y-ac (luta-)X''
**"as X as Y" uses ''Y-filcon (luta-)X''
**"X enough for Y" uses ''Y-one luta-X''
*''guan-'' = comparative (optional when there is a comparandum, which is marked with ''-conast'')
*''peg-'' = superlative

''gadovir'' 'good' has an irregular comparative and superlative: ''adip.avir'' and ''dip.avir''.

For example, ''Scelasin tricib pegnibulidil serotinavir.'' means '[[Skellan]] is the world's most studied language.'

====Auxiliary verbs====
*''-bendavir'' 'to inadvertently X, to end up X-ing, to finish X-ing' (< 'to fall')
*''-conavir'' 'to try X-ing' (< 'to see')
*''-ciclovir'' 'to receive someone's X-ing; to benefit from someone's X-ing' (< 'to receive')
*''-floxavir'' 'to refuse to X'
*''-gosivir'' 'to X for someone' (< 'to give')
*''-nidavir'' 'to X in advance' (< 'to place')
*''-spovir'' 'to X for one's own benefit' (< 'to eat')
*''-codavir'' 'to out-X' (< 'to surpass')

====Other affixes====
*''-campator'' 'instead of (verb)-ing'
*''-cillin'': 'let alone'
*''-cixafor'' 'for fear that'
*''-cog'': cohortative
**''Ilocog!'' 'Let's play!'
**''En alfa spocog!'' 'Let me eat it too!'
*''ri-'': 'again, re-'
*''-trexed'': 'the more...'
*''-nesib'': 'by X-ing'
*''-parin'': like -vudine eparin
*''-ro-'' = perfect tense, ''-xi-'' = future in the present/...

===Numerals===
{{PAGENAME}} uses a base-10 numeral system. For attributive numerals the ''-in'' is replaced with the classifier suffix ''-fos'': for example, ''esin'' becomes ''esofos''. The ''-avir'' suffix is used to build ordinals; -il is also an ordinal suffix but is used in compounds.

The counting numbers:
*0: ''viuzan''
*1: ''esin'' (inanimate), ''erin'' (animate)
**"first" is ''sulcavir'', ''sulcil''
*2: ''ribin''
*3: ''salin''
*4: ''lopin''
*5: ''orfin''
*6: ''quibin''/''quin''
*7: ''zolin''
*8: ''tixin''
*9: ''vadin''
*10: ''clutin''
*11: ''clutesin''
*12: ''cluribin''
*13: ''clusalin''
*14: ''clulopin''
*15: ''clutorfin''
*16: ''cluquibin''/''cluquin''
*17: ''cluzolin''
*18: ''clutixin''
*19: ''cluvadin''
*20: ''resvin''
*30: ''tebin''
*40: ''prolin''
*50: ''aruzin''
*60: ''quidin''
*70: ''zoledin''
*80: ''tixedin''
*90: ''varedin''
*100: ''sanin''
*1000: ''ictin''

Short attributive forms: efos, rifos, salfos, lofos, orfos, quifos, zofos, tifos, vafos, clufos

==Syntax==
{{PAGENAME}} is almost completely head-final, and has SOV as the unmarked word order.

:'''''endol maximaxine nelcavir.'''''
:''I love my grandmother.''

Conjunctions:
*''beta'' = but
===Existence clauses===
For expressing existence the verb ''kera-'' "to exist" is used.

:'''''etamib suxitin keravir.'''''
:''There is a picture on the wall.''
===Liking and wanting===
Clofabosin expresses "I like Y" by the construction ''Y dasavir''.

:'''''olpan dasavir.'''''
:''I like apples.'' (cf. Japanese ''Ringo ga suki da.'')

"I like to do Y" can similarly be expressed with ''Y-cin dasavir''.

:'''''faldicin dasavir.'''''
:''I like swimming.''

For "X likes Y" the construction ''X-NOM Y-ACC dasabuvir'' is used.

:'''''Lunesta olpane dasabuvir.'''''
:''Lunesta likes apples.''

Similarly for desideratives:
:'''''olpan spoprofen.'''''
:''I want an apple.'' (cf. Japanese ''Ringo ga tabetai.'')

:'''''Lunesta olpan spoprobuvir.''
:''Lunesta wants an apple.''

===Cause clauses===
Cause clauses are formed with the quotative.
===Complement clauses===
Complement clauses ("''that'' + [statement]" in English) are formed using the quotative. The bare quotative is enough when using it with a "quoting" verb such as ''epavir'' 'say' or ''atrivir'' 'believe'. To use the complement clause as a noun ''eparin'', the verbal noun of ''epavir'', is often used: ''Felavudine eparin vocivir.'' 'I don't like the fact that it's cold'.

===Purpose clauses===
Purpose clauses can be formed with -DESID + -QUOT (''-provudine'' in the present tense and ''-propirdine'' in the past tense). Colloquially -RES (''-stim''/''-mostim'') can be used.

:'''''drepatine clofabosinaprovudine fumazole.'''''
:''drepa-t-ine clofab-osi-na-pro-vudine fuma-zole''
:read-PAT-ACC Clofabian-ATT.INAN-PRED-DES-PRES.QUOT buy-PAST.IND
:''He bought the book in order to be able to speak Clofabosin.'' (lit. ''... saying "I want to be able to speak Clofabosin"'')

In the first person -DESID + -CONJ can be used (''-prolukast'' in the present tense and ''-prazolast'' in the past tense).

===Tense agreement===
Tense agreement states that dependent clauses must have the same tense as the main clause.

:'''''endozopin obinutu{{blue|zu}}mab, predsertib dirali{{blue|zole}}.'''''
:''So that my body might not be dirty, I always got washed.''

==Derivational morphology==
*''-bendan'': '-ization'
*''-cavir'': verbs nouns, like Japanese ''suru''
*''bol-, -bol-'': too much
*''-ici·n'': diminutive
*''clo-'': augmentative
*''des-'': apart, dis-
*''-entan'': -liness, -ability
*''-myci·n'': -ability
*''-stat·in'': abstract noun
**''rovastat·in'' 'knowledge' < ''rovavir'' 'be known'
*''-t·in'': patient noun
*''-ax·in'': instrument
*''-st·in'': instrument
*''-fen'': agentive
*''-siban'': agentive
*''-dan'': nominalizer
*''-prazan'': place noun
*''-sulfan'': institutions
*''-fluran'': agentive
*''gado-'': eu-, well
*''mito-'': dys-, mis-
*''-ex·in'': collective
*''-fax·in'': collective (< ''afaxin'' 'forest')
*''iod-/io-'': ur-
*''-triptan'': -ness (degree)
*''-pivir'': adjectivizer
*''-amivir'': full of, frequentative
*''-fravir'': tending to do/be X
*''-luvir'': made of X
*''-vaptan'': method
*''-lesovir'': X-less
*''ar-'': un-
===Compounds===
Compound nouns can be of the form noun+noun or verb+noun.
===Foreign words===
Loaned nouns and names are declined as follows:
*nom: ''Aleve'', ''Lipitor''
*acc: ''Aleve''':ne''''', ''Lipitor''':ine''''' (colloquially ''Lipitor''':e''')
*gen: ''Aleve''':nol''''', ''Lipitor''':ol'''
*"except": ''Aleve''':berel''''', ''Lipitor''':oberel'''''

==Sample texts==
===Saturday Night Live skit===
...

''2004-procib rufiporfib cefsulfan "Seasonique" 'dine efastine ceprazole. Flufabine 1997-procib endin cibine ibuzole. Seasonique:one abacamab dapivirenz!''

...

''cefoxitin Tylenol:ine savtuprazanib irinostim minzatinercept!''

===''cefditoren'' (national anthem of Clofabolocin)===
{{col-begin}}
{{col-break}}
<poem>
'''cefditoren'''

''cefditoren rupalimab,''
''ziruvenin conalimab, ''
''apizanol vactolepin, ''
''boracenol seprabuctan, ''
''soxaplatril pelonosvan, ''
''Clofabol campotril raxin, ''
''Picumenol empalocib ''
''predampafib butilimab.''
</poem>
{{col-break}}
<poem>
'''May This ''Ditoren'''''

May this ''ditoren'' (an instrument) be heard,
The beautiful ''enin'' (a bird) be seen,
The sweetness of the ''apizan'' (a fruit),
The fragrant ''buctan'' (a flower) of the rainforest,
The gentle breezes of the north,
The cooling waters of the Clofabin (the river),
Be felt by every soul in the homeland of Picumen (a historical figure).
</poem>
{{col-end}}

===Hippocratic Oath===

''Novartis efafenium GlaxoSmithKline:ium Astrazeneca:nium Amgen:ium pretropazone adrovirenz. fluvolazine conasibastim calukast, atecium bixocogrelor cefadrotium cefsapacium trimavirenz.''

''endorosnifene cefblisib zocrafestat conalukast; moctib pristinalukast; minzatin tenosartan flurase tazelukast; flurupline dapsoruxizac conalukast uplone cefblisine nibuprosartan minzatine levo sapacine medofolukast nibucalukast; aril-dapsoblosazonium rosnifenol blosazonium cefadrotine demazil derotranazone, enilarbene alfa rebasium predrifastat rosnicine gosivirenz; beta dexrifarazone cefcafovirenz.''

===Tower of Babel===

#''sertib pretricib ampazone esofos luxedanium esofos serotinazole.''
#''ampazin docelone distusermin, Sinar:ib elcalocine pidezolast flufib letazole.''
#''ampazin aferone epazilin: "capline galelukast gadotovacacog." fluzin capline uldac epsozolast cispine braxistac epsozole.''
#''cefast epazilin: "benzine fexolukast cesopladib vexafulven mixicil piroline fexocog. ezastiline rupacalukast pretricosetron amitilitucog."''
#''beta tropin ampazin fexozil benzium piroline carsapropirdine binizole.''
#''tropin epazilin: "esofos metin esofos luxedane serolukast cefcastim draxorovir. cefkalant fluzin glicapromab elucaine octatecaforcept."''
#''binilukast fluluxedane nivalukast, fluzin aferine mavritumab cacog."''
#''cefast tropin flufisant fluzine pretricosetron amitizolast, fluzin benzine fexocine idozole.''
#''cefase flubenzone "Bavel" epatinib. calan tropin flufib pretricol luxedane nivarotidine eparin. flufisant tropin fluzine pretricosetron amitizole.''

:''sertib pretricib ampazone esofos luxedanium esofos serotinazole.''
:sertib pre-tric-ib amp-az-one esofos luxedan-ium esofos sero-t-ina-zole
:time-LOC all-world-LOC person-PL-DAT one language-and one speak-NOMZ-COP-PST.IND

:''ampazin docelone distusermin, Sinar:ib elcalocine pidezolast flufib letazole.''
:amp-az-in docel-one distu-sermin, Sinar-ib elca-loc-ine pide-zolast fluf-ib let-azole
:person-PL-NOM east-DAT move-PST.while Shinar-LOC flat-land-ACC find-PST.CONJ there-LOC settle-PST.IND

:''ampazin aferone epazilin: "capline galelukast gadotovacacog." fluzin capline uldac epsozolast cispine braxistac epsozole.''
:amp-az-in afer-one epa-zil-in: capl-ine gale-lukast gado-tovaca-cog. fluz-in capl-ine uld-ac epso-zolast cisp-ine braxist-ac epso-zole
:person-PL-NOM each_other-DAT say-PST.ATTR-NOM brick-ACC make-PRES.CONJ well-fire-COHORT that.PL-NOM brick-ACC stone-as use-PST.CONJ tar-ACC cement-CONJ use-PST.IND

:''cefast epazilin: "benzine fexolukast cesopladib vexafulven mixicil piroline fexocog. ezastiline rupacalukast pretricosetron amitilitucog."''
:cefast epa=zil-in: benz-ine fexo-lukast ceso-pladib vexa-fulven mixi-cil pirol-ine fexo-cog ez-astili-ne rupa-ca-lukast pre-trico-setron amiti-li-tu-cog
:then say-PST.ATTR-NOM city-ACC build-PRES.CONJ that.SG.INAN-inside sky-until rise-FUT.ATTR tower-ACC build-COHORT 1PL-name-ACC hear-CAUS-FUT.CONJ whole-world-throughout scatter-PASS-NEG.IRR-COHORT

:''beta tropin ampazin fexozil benzium piroline carsapropirdine binizole.''
:beta trop-in amp-az-in fexo-zil benz-ium pirol-ine carsa-pro-pirdine bini-zole
:but god-NOM person-PL-NOM build-PST.ATTR city-and tower-ACC observe-DES-PST.QUOT descend-PST.IND

:''tropin epazilin: "esofos metin esofos luxedane serolukast cefcastim draxorovir. cefkalant fluzin glicapromab elucaine octatecaforcept."''
:trop-in epa-zil-in eso-fos met-in eso-fos luxeda-ne sero-lukast cef-ca-stim draxo-ro-vir cef-kalant fluz-in gli-ca-promab elucaine octa-teca-for-cept
:god-NOM say-PST.ATTR-NOM one-CLF tribe-NOM one-CLF language-ACC speak-PRES.CONJ this-do-RES start-PERF-PRES.IND this-in_view_of that.PL-NOM what-do-DES.PRES.SUBJ regardless_of that.PL-ACC prevent-can-NEG-FUT

:''binilukast fluluxedane nivalukast, fluzin aferine mavritumab cacog."''
:bini-lukast flu-luxeda-ne niva-lukast fluz-in afer-ine mavri-tu-mab cacog
:descend-PRES.CONJ their-language-ACC confuse-PRES.CONJ that.PL-NOM each_other-ACC understand-NEG.IRR-SUBJ do-COHORT

:''cefast tropin flufisant fluzine pretricosetron amitizolast, fluzin benzine fexocine idozole.''
:cefast trop-in fluf-isant fluz-ine pre-trico-setron amiti-zolast fluz-in benz-ine fexo-cine ido-zole
:then god-NOM there-from that.PL-ACC whole-world-throughout scatter-PST.CONJ that.PL-NOM city-ACC build-VN-ACC stop-PST.IND

:''cefase flubenzone "Bavel" epatinib. calan tropin flufib pretricol luxedane nivarotidine eparin. flufisant tropin fluzine pretricosetron amitizole.''
:cefase flu-benz-one B. epa-tinib cala-n trop-in fluf-ib pre-tric-ol luxeda-ne niva-ro-tidine epar-in fluf-isant trop-in fluz-ine pre-trico-setron amiti-zole
:hence that-city-DAT B. say-GNOM.IND reason-NOM god-NOM there-LOC whole-world-GEN language-ACC confuse-PERF-GNOM.QUOT saying-NOM there-from god-NOM whole-world-throughout scatter-PST.IND

===VENI, VIDI, VICI===
''tibazolam, conazolam, urazolam.''

===Qui bibit, sanctus est===
<poem>
''plocatrilin certolitinib.''
''certolutrilin surnacafotinib.''
''surnacafotrilin profitinib.''
''cefase plocatrilin profitinib.''

Qui bibit, dormit;
Qui dormit, non peccat;
Qui non peccat, sanctus est;
Ergo qui bibit, sanctus est.
</poem>

===Hamlet soliloquy===
:'''''moxicin levo moxifloxacin, flusimod frunecin.'''''
:''To be or not to be (lit. to live or to refuse to live), that is the question.''

===The North Wind and the Sun===
'''''peloclevinast grian'''''

''peloclevinast grian aferin dapsimod guanorlitidine cecroxazosertib dacizil pevuxazepam fidozil ilpefen lacufizole. fluribin ilpefenol pevuxine sulcib nilpacazil flurin guanorlitidine lepsolizumab sumacazole. peloclevin predcoxine grebimostim olmezole beta olmezartan olmetrexed ilpefen zopinanserin pevuxine guanfamizole. cefoxitin peloclevin tiabendazole. flusertib grian dacizil varine mocazofingol ilpefen pevuxine nilpazole. flukalant peloclevin grianimod guanorlitidine stiunizumab quinulizole.''

====Gloss====
{{Gloss
|phrase = peloclevinast grian
|pinyin =
|IPA = [peloklevinast gɾian]
| morphemes = pelo-clevin-ast gria-n
| gloss = north-wind-and sun-NOM
| translation = The North Wind and the Sun
| index =
}}

{{Gloss
|phrase = peloclevinast grian aferin dapsimod guanorlitidine croxazosertib dacizil pevuxazepam fidozil ilpefen lacufizole.
|pinyin =
|IPA = [peloxlevinast grian afeɾin dapsimot gwanoɾlitidine kɾoksazoseɾtip daxizil pevuksazepam fidozil ilpefen laxufizol]
| morphemes = pelo-clevin-ast gria-n afer-in daps-imod guan-orli-tidine croxa-zosertib, daci-zil pevu-st-azepam fido-zil ilpe-fe-n lacufi-zole
| gloss = north-wind-and sun-NOM each_other-NOM self-EMPH COMP-strong-GNOM.QUOT have_an_argument-PST.when warm-PAST.ATTR cover-INSTRUMENT-INST wear-PST.ATTR travel-AGT-NOM run_into-PST.IND
| translation = The north wind and the sun were arguing, each claiming to be the stronger one, when a traveler wearing a warm cloak happened upon the scene.
| index =
}}

{{Gloss
|phrase = fluribin ilpefenol pevuxine sulcib nilpacazil flurin guanorlitidine lepsolizumab sumacazole.
|pinyin =
|IPA = [fluɾibin ilpefenol pevuksine sulkip nilpaxazil fluɾin gwanoɾlitidine lepsolizumap sumaxazol]
| morphemes = flu-ribin ilpefen-ol pevux-ine sulcib nilpa-ca-zil flur-in guan-orli-tidine lepso-li-zumab sumaca-zole.
| gloss = that-two-NOM traveler-GEN cloak-ACC first take_off-CAUS-PST.ATTR that-NOM COMP-strong-GNOM.QUOT consider-PASS-PST.SBJV unite-PST.IND
| translation = The two agreed that the one who first made the traveler take off his cloak should be considered stronger.
| index =
}}

{{Gloss
|phrase = peloclevin predcoxine grebimostim olmezole beta olmezartan olmetrexed ilpefen zopinanserin pevuxine guanfamizole.
|pinyin =
|IPA = [peloxlevin pɾetkoxsine gɾebimostim olmezol beta olmezaɾtan olmetɾekset ilpefen zopinanseɾin pevuksine gwanfamizol]
| morphemes = Pelo-clevi-n pred-cox-ine grebi-mostim olme-zole beta olm-azartan olme-trexed ilpefe-n zopin-anserin pevux-ine guan-fami-zole.
| gloss = north-wind-NOM all-strength-ACC put_in-RES blow-PST.IND but blow-PST.COND blow-the_more traveler-NOM body-around cloak-ACC more-wrap-PST.IND
| translation = The north wind blew with all his strength, but the more he blew the more did the traveler wrapped his cloak around his body.
| index =
}}

{{Gloss
|phrase = cefoxitin peloclevin tiabendazole.
|pinyin =
|IPA = [kefoxsitin peloxlevin tiabendazol]
| morphemes = cef-oxit-in pelo-clevi-n tia-benda-zole
| gloss = this-end-NOM north-wind-NOM let_go-end_up-PAST
| translation = In the end, the north wind gave up.
| index =
}}

{{Gloss
|phrase = flusertib grian dacizil varine mocazofingol ilpefen pevuxine nilpazole.
|pinyin =
|IPA = [fluseɾtip grian daxizil vaɾine moxazofingol ilpefen pevuksine nilpazol]
| morphemes = flu-sertib gria-n daci-zil vari-ne moca-zofingol ilpefe-n pevux-ine nilpa-zole
| gloss = that-when sun-NOM warm-PST.ATTR light-ACC radiate-PST.moment traveler-NOM cloak-ACC take_off-PST.IND
| translation = Then, right when the sun shone out warm light, the traveler took off his cloak.
| index =
}}

{{Gloss
|phrase = flukalant peloclevin grianimod guanorlitidine stiunizumab quinulizole.
|pinyin =
|IPA = [flukalant peloxlevin grianimot gwanoɾlitidine stiunizumap kwinulizol]
| morphemes = flu-kalant pelo-clevi-n grian-imod guan-orli-tidine stiuni-zumab quinu-li-zole
| gloss = that-in_view_of north-wind-NOM sun-EMPH COMP-strong-GNOM.QUOT confess-PST.SBJV constrain-PASS-PST.IND
| translation = Thus the north wind was forced to acknowledge that it was the sun who is stronger.
| index =
}}

===UDHR, Article 1===
''predampin zocralitril sertisant coplitrodast tulcast pitanabant inflitinib. ampin ziudixisant cetirizast dapsolopritine ciclotrodast, aferone ruxinelol temazepam evicovetmab tiuxetan.''
{{Gloss
|phrase = predampin zocralitril sertisant coplitrodast tulcast pitanabant inflitinib.
|pinyin =
|IPA = [pɾedampin zokɾalitril seɾtisant koplitɾodast tulkast pitanabant inflitinip]
| morphemes = pred-amp-in zocra-li-tril sert-imod copli-trodast tulc-ast pita-nabant infli-tinib
| gloss = all-human-NOM give_birth-PASS-GNOM.ATT time-ABL free-GNOM.CONJ worth-and entitlement-regarding equal-GNOM.IND
| translation = All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights.
| index =
}}

{{Gloss
|phrase = ampin ziudixisant cetirizast dapsolopritine ciclotrodast, aferone ruxinelol temazepam evicovetmab tiuxetan.
|pinyin =
|IPA = [ampin ziudiksisant ketiɾizast dapsolopɾitine kiklotɾodast ǀ afeɾon ɾuksinelol temazepam evikovemap tiuksetan]
| morphemes = amp-in ziudix-imod cetiriz-ast dapso-lopri-t-ine ciclo-trodast, afer-one ruxi-nel-ol tem-azepam evico-tumab tiuxetan
| gloss = human-NOM nature-ABL rationality-and self-control-NOMZ-ACC receive-GNOM.CONJ, each_other-DAT brother-love-GEN spirit-PL.INST act-GNOM.SUBJ must
| translation = They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood.
| index =
}}

===Featured banner===
{{Gloss
|phrase = cefluxedan esertib natalizole.
|pinyin =
|IPA = [kefluksedan eseɾtip natalizol]
| morphemes = cef-lukseda-n e-sert-ib nata-li-zole
| gloss = this-language-NOM one-time-LOC display-PASS-PST.IND
| translation = This language was once featured.
| index =
}}

{{Gloss
|phrase = fedostatium darusentanium epsostogatran, natalizumab procalizole.
|pinyin =
|IPA = [fedostatium daɾusentanium epsostogatɾan, natalizumap pɾoxalizol]
| morphemes = fedo-stat-ium darusentan-ium epso-sto-gatɾan, nata-li-zumab proca-li-zole
| gloss = fine-ABS-and realism-and use-INST-thanks_to, display-PASS-PAST.SBJV choose-PASS-PST.IND
| translation = Thanks to its quality, plausibility and usage features, it was voted to be featured.
| index =
}}

==Other resources==

[[Category:{{PAGENAME}}|*]]
[[Category:Clofabic languages]]
[[Category:Tricin]]
[[Category:Languages]]

Clofabosin/Lexicon

2023-04-15T07:49:34Z

Praimhín:

[[Clofabosin/Swadesh list|Swadesh list]] [[Clofabosin/Phrasebook|Phrasebook]]

;Notes

*''-·in'' denotes nouns that take the combining form ''-(o)-''; ''-i·n'' denotes nouns that take the combining form ''-i(n)-''.
*''-·avir'' denotes verbs whose stem ends in a consonant; ''-a·vir'' denotes verbs whose stem ends in ''a''.

<poem>
abaca·vir: greet
aban: greeting (from Dodellian ''ıbın'' 'father', which was also an honorific); aban!: (formal greeting)
acetam: later (in time)
aclan: sugar
aclarubic·in: diabetes
acti·n: day
ada·vir: destroy
adrovir: swear
aglen: team
agleprist·in: teammate
alfa: and
alteplase: of course
alufin: uncle
amaxi.n: mother
ambri.n: poetry
amp·in: human
ampaf·in: soul
anivot·in: celebration
anivovir: bless, celebrate
apaxi.n: father
apidan: range
aptica·vir: lay, put
aptilivir: lie down
aptivir: be lying somewhere
arben: rule
artabine: ante meridiem
artacetam: post meridiem
artacti·n: noon, midday
arteflen: middle ground
artelt·in: lunch
arten: middle, interval
artenimi·n: middle class
asnudan: science
asnusiban: scientist
asnusulfan: academy
asovir: late
astil·in: name
astilici·n: nickname
atacivir: leave
atamestan: foreigner (from Dodellian; ata- is cognate with Etalocin)
atazaca·vir: narrate, recount
atazan: story
atazasiban: narrator
atevir: can, to be able to
atran: belief; faith
atrivir: believe
axovir: stand
baci·n: half
bacifors·in: estuary
bacitrac·in: peninsula
baclofen: actor
baclovir: to act out
balivir: visit
baruca·vir: kill
barusiban: mortal
baruvir: die
becand·in: copper
Becand·in: Bjeheond
bel·avir: dream
beloran: channel
bendavir: fall
benz·in: city
beta: but
bex·in: store
bicivir: help
binivir: go/come down
bisavir: wake up
biuzan: ego, self
bixovir: judge
blis·in: art
blos·in: child
bolcuvir: to backstab
bradi·n: flower
briavir: be patient
brinase: already
brom·in: foot
burivir: sink
busuvir: slow
butivir: feel
butrin: daughter
ca·vir: do, make
cabadan: agriculture
cabafen: farmer
cabavir: cultivate
calan: reason
calca·vir: thank
cam·in: leg
canavir: forgive
caran: crow
carluvir: to beware
carsa.vir: to observe
casan: table (diagram)
cedovir: to think (engage in cognition)
cefacti.n: today
cefan: today
cefoxitin: in the end
cel.in: lip
cen: this; yes
cepra·vir: create
certoburivir: fall asleep
certoc·in: sleep (noun)
certolivir: sleep
cetacti.n: the day after tomorrow
cetan: the day after tomorrow
cibi·n: child
ciclovir: receive
cin·in: ear
clofabos·in: Clofabosin
clorovir: big
clotrimazole: good job!
colivir: to sway, vibrate
cona·vir: see
corsat·in: eternity
cracan: raven
cravir: to be painful
cridan: kingdom, realm
crizovir: dissolve
crus·in: evening
cruselt·in: dinner
cacan: shit
dabi·n: gift
dacivir: warm
daclovir: important
dalf.in: womb
dalfoprist.in: sibling
danuvir: to stay
dapivir: to invite
daps·in: self, oneself
dapsumenintedan: Independence Day
dapsumestatin: independence
dasa·vir: to be pleasing
dastuvir: to close
deb.avir: white
dec.avir: simple
del.avir: old
dem·avir: take
dembr·in: key
dembrex·in: keyboard
depluvir: run
derotran: student
des.avir: different
desmerpan: disagreement, dissent
dex-: any
difen: (''obsolete'') carpenter
dir·avir: wash
dirman: group
distusiban: machine
distuvir: move
docel·in: east
domavir: mix
domorel·in: Saturday
doran: level
doxer·in: potato
dranavir: thin
draxovir: start
drepavir: read
dumica·vir: hang sth/so
dumivir: be hanging; (''idiomatic'') something feels...
dusp·in: soap
efa·vir: heal
efafen: doctor, physician
efast·in: medicine
efen, efe: path
efeprist·in: companion
elivir: become
elt·in: meal
elzi·n: maple tree
end·in: I
enemavir: to shit
enil·in: ethics
enteca·vir: to burn (transitive)
entevir: to burn (intransitive)
epavir: to say
epsovir: to use (dative-stative)
erid·in: animal, beast
erub·in: ice
espivir: straight
estran: right (direction)
etam·in: wall
exevir: to be in bloom
fab·in: river
famivir: wrap
famorel·in: Tuesday
faravir: be exalted, raised
fasuvir: blue
febuvir: to record, etch
febuxin: pencil, pen
fedovir: fine, high quality
felavir: cold
fend·in: color, paint
fendoca·vir: to paint
fesbuvir: to Facebook
fexovir: to build
filcon: at __ o'clock
filcon·in: hour
filgevir: to know (''conocer'')
fili·n: card, tag
filibuvir: dyed-in-the-wool, card-carrying
filidemac·in: inauguration
fingol·in: moment
fingolib (or just fingol?): at the moment, right now
fletivir: hard
flidevir: sad
floxavir: to stop
fors·in: sea
fost·avir: black
froxavir: to fit, be appropriate; OK
fudevir: to open
fumavir: to buy
funan: bed
fura·vir: ripe
furi·n: peace
fusil·in: hat
futivir: easy; (slang) consenting readily to sex or dates
futran: order (arrangement)
gabar·in: ten
gadovir: good
galevir: to make (manufacture, produce)
gam·in: south
gaptan: member
gativir: to clap
glasdegin: nonsense
glasp·in: rice
glican: why
glicerol, glice-: how many
glifos: how many (specifically countable)
glitazar: how much, to what extent
glitazone: how much, to what extent
gluta-: how much (of a thing), how many
glutasin: how much of it
gosivir: to give
grian: sun
gubi·n: thirst
ibacavir: influence
ibrivir: to grow
ibuvir: to carry, to have
icatibant: by means of...
ic·avir: to build
idovir: to block, to prevent
ilsan: hawk
inflivir: equal
inovir: to be worth it
ipamorel·in: (''slang'') fictional day of the week; when pigs fly
ipavir: ???
irinovir: to send
it.avir: low
itr·in: wheat
ixevir: think (be of the opinion)
kerat·in: thing, existence
keravir: exist
lagavul.in: whiskey
lamivir: hold
lamorel·in: Thursday
landevir: bind
lani·n: fog
lanibuvir: foggy
lapsivir: (''vulgar'') have sex
lasmiditan: pharmacy
lasmisiban: pharmacist
leprican: (''Earth, CF Tricin'') leprechaun
lequi·n: sister
lesovir: to lack
levo: xor
lifavir: to bake
litivir: finish
lofavir: (''vulgar'') to rot, to perish
lorin: tongue
loxavir: to kill
lucrifen: bodyguard
lucrivir: to watch
lumevir: to fry, sauté
lumexin: frying pan
lusevir: bitter
maloc·in: fever
malovir: hot
maman: mom
maravir: to belong
mavrivir: understand
maximaxi·n: mother's mother
maxipaxi·n: mother's father
mec.in: hate
mecl·in: flag
med·in: hand
medovir: demand
mefen: shape, form
merpentan: probability (-mab merpentan: probably)
mevir: to hate
mifen: back
mifepristin: best friend
miglustat: exactly
migluvir: exact
mimorel·in: Monday
minzafen: merchant
minzavir: exchange
mir·avir: young
mirvevir: laugh
mitovir: bad
moca.vir: radiate (light, sound)
moctin: life
morel·in: day of the week
moxivir: to live
mudan: occasion, opportunity
nabconavir: to look for
nabdrepafen: student
nabdrepavir: to study
nabitavir: to remember
nabovir: to call
nadivir: to return, go back
nafevir: to drift
napsivir: to be flat
nasarupl·in: a man's in-laws
nata.vir: to display
neflivir: practice
nel·in: love
nelca·vir: to love
neman: aunt
nepi·n: work
nepica·vir: to work
nesan: office
nesapivir: official
nesuvir: to swell; to exaggerate
nevtan: spice
nibuca·vir: to teach
nibuvir: to learn
nid.avir: to place
nifurserotin: conlang
nimi·n: stratum, class
nintecavir: celebrate a holiday
nintedan: festival
nipti·n: garden
nit.in: statement
nocuvir: thick
nusmadan: administration, executive branch
nusmasiban: president (of a nation or an organization), CEO
nusmavir: to preside
nuxi·n: west
obinuvir: dirty
ocrase: still, yet
ocrevir: to ask
oduvir: to invite
ọlen: town square
olid·in: morning
olidelt·in: breakfast
olpan: apple
opavir: new
orlivir: strong
osel.in: proud
oseltamivir: proud
otetan: period of time
pad·in: autumn
pafan: left (direction)
pali.n: line of poetry
paluvir: to obey, to submit
papan: dad
pastruvir: determine, rule
paximaxi·n: father's mother
paxipaxi·n: father's father
pefet·in: cake
pel·in: north
pẹr·in: cloud
perid.in: collection
petivir: to hope
pevuvir: to cover, to hide
pevuxin: cloak
pezadan: eclipse
pidevir: find
pilavir: similar
pimacti.n: yesterday
piman: yesterday
pin·in: mouth
pingavir: (''slang'') to understand
piravir: add
pirmitiz·in: flights of fancy
pitan: rights
plad·in: belly
platacti.n: the day before yesterday
platan: the day before yesterday
plex·in: chain
ploc·avir: drink
poet·in: mountain pass
pona·vir: be attracted to
poptin: (vulgar pejorative)
pot·avir: high
prantan: cape gooseberry
prazan: space, room
prema.vir: to bloom
pren·in: pine tree
pricol·in: metal
prist·in: mate, friend
privir: to bring
probut·in: will
proca·vir: choose
proctivir: holy
prot·in: tree
protaf·in: tree trunk
provol·in: honorific 2nd person pronoun
quab·in: rainbow
quacartuvir: narrow
quetivir: cool, great
quinupristin: frenemy
quinuvir: to happen by fate, to be forced/determined
quix.in: blanket
rab·in: star
ranivir: sour
raxin: water
rebin, rebo-: word
rebotaxin: dictionary
ref·in: glass
remorel·in: Sunday
repsivir: be surprised
rib·in: two
riduvir (-ase): fight
rifaponadilin: a straight person
riftavir: to mean
rituvir: to count
rixavir: to kick
rosnivir: to teach
rotam·in: squash
rovastat·in: knowledge
rovavir: know (dative-stative)
rubic·in: disease
rubivir: sick
rupaca·vir: announce; advertise; causative of rupa- (hear)
rupakac·in: advertising
rupintrivir: perfect
ruxi·n: brother
saba·vir: write
sapa·vir: agree by contract
sapran: poison
sapt·in: persimmon
saqu·in: kite
sarbovir: collect
sartan: condition
sarupl·in: a woman's in-laws
satavaptan: morphology
savinoteplin: Halloween
savtuprazan: university
savtuvir: to study
sebuvir: wish
selacti.n: tomorrow
selan: tomorrow
sepovir: brown
serotin: language
serotonin: dialect
serovir: to speak
sert·in: time
-setron: towards
setrobuvir: to turn towards
sevoren: piano
sifavir: melt
sifli·n: woman
siguazovir: marry
silase: soon
silpavir: early
simendan: class (''learning'')
sirpec·in: question
sirpevir: to ask
sita.vir: sad
solmorel·in: Wednesday
sontacavir: to be painful
sontan: pain
sop·in: fish; euphemism for ''soptin''
soptin: (vulgar pejorative)
sorbivir: to post
spacti·n: hunger
spaluvir: busy
spar·in: horse
spid·in: letter (character)
spidex·in: alphabet, writing system
spot·in: food
spoter·in: restaurant
spovir: to eat
sta·vir: same
staponadilin: a gay person
stat·in: quality, trait
stil·in: song
stiloca·vir: to sing
stilofen: singer
sturan: cat
sul·in: eye
sulfan: institution
surnan: vice, sin
suxitin: picture
suxivir: draw
tacivir: happy
talbi·n: bread
tanuvir: to fear
tax·in: book
tazevir: share
tegra·vir: to answer
tenofovir: there is no need
tenovir: there is a need
tepl.in: night
ter·in: house
teravir: knock
tia·vir: abandon, give up (?)
tibavir: come
til·avir: blow
timorel·in: Friday
tir·avir: bite
tivozacavir: pronounce
tivozan: sound
tixavir: purple
tixuvir: cry
ton·in: variety, kind
topti.n: bed
-toran: -ism (ideology), theory of...
tosivir: forget
tox·avir: to be right
trabuc·in: magic, incantation
trabuvir: to summon, to conjure
trac·in: island
tric·in: world
trim·avir: make an effort
trips·in: king
trop.in: god
trox·in: snow
tulc·in: worth, value
tupevir: green (natural things)
tur·in: salt
turobuvir: salty
tuxovir: difficult
uld·in: stone
umivir: deep
upl·in: family
ur·avir: to win, to defeat
vacl.in: lid
vactovir: sweet
vadadustat: falteringly (onomatopoeic)
vanc·in: gold
vaptan: method
vari·n: light
vatiran: quinoa
vecrivir: to leave (transitive)
veli·n: noun
veravir: to realize
vesti·n: man
vet.avir: to continue
vexan: sky
vigid·in: spouse (gender neutral)
vipr·in: blood
viquivir: gray
viuzan: zero
vol·in: place
vorivir: to push, to press
vorpan: sword
vul·in: alcoholic drink
zacevir: knock
zanamivir: play
zantupi·n: religion
zardan: oak tree
zef·in: heart
zenat·in: way, path
zenavir: go, walk
zepavir: change
zetovir: to be clear
zinovir: follow
ziruvir: beautiful
zob·in: nose
zocracti·n: birthday
zocravir: give birth
zolof·in: fox
zopi·n: body
zoxil·in: bean
zupsevir: steal
-axovir: perfect tense
-dar: emphatic particle
</poem>

==Dodello-Clofabosin morphemes and native counterparts==

<poem>
-mestan = -orin, ampin
-siban = -fen
-dan/-tan = -cin (the -tan allomorph is used after voiceless C)
-bendan = -cacin
ditan = terin
-poetin = ?
-prazan/-siran/-osuran = -mycin/benzin (mycin is an early Quame loan, from smukʷ-; Naquian ''muqui'' 'house')
</poem>

[[Category:Dictionaries]]

Verse:Irta/Remonitionism

2023-04-04T22:00:41Z

Praimhín:

== Irtan Remonitionist legacy ==
=== Scientific revolution ===
Something other than the industrial revolution as we know it?

=== Prominent figures ===
*Jacob '''Wellwise''' (1397-1460), critic and author, founder of Remonitionism
*Benedict '''Newstream''' (1412-1508), chemist, optician, mathematician, essayist and composer; joint author of a treatise on ethics in science along with Kenfast Hivant-Cohen
*Mercy '''Brook''' (1445-1517), composer of several cantatas
**Various winter solstice-themed oratorios
**Often considered the most prolific composer in Irtan Europe
*Kenfast '''Hivant-Cohen''' (1410-1492), explorer, Classicist, Hebrew and Arabic scholar
**Famous for translating scientific works from the Irtan Middle East
*Litfair '''Portman''', geneticist and linguist
*Winbert '''Easton''', explorer and author of ''Memoirs of the Galápagos''
*Gudisa '''Tesfaye''' (1750-1852), author, musician and advocate of GMO's and "experimental farming"; discoverer of various new musical scales which were implemented through stone sculpture instruments
*Patacong '''Starwise''', friend of Tesfaye, music theorist
*Ybdwllag '''Gruffudd''', food scientist
*Knwien '''Drigharve''' (''Nguyễn Rơiơrv''), Maghrebi Azalic literary reformist
*Ed '''Nguyễn''', Vietnamese theoretical physicist, Irtan analogue of Ed Witten

Proto-Pulchric

2023-04-01T07:01:44Z

Praimhín:

'''Proto-Pulchric''' is one of the major proto-languages of Tricin and also one of the best reconstructed. Its main inspirations are Proto-Austronesian, Proto-Semitic and Lithuanian.

==Phylogeny==
Most Pulchric languages come from the Etalocian subbranch, which descends from Proto-Etalocian (oddly named because Etalocin is the Pulchric Urheimat). There are however, a few Pulchric languages spoken in Whāso Island to the north which are a separate subfamily, and that also includes Crockartoot, spoken in Cualand.

==Phonology==

Proto-Pulchric has six vowels: ''a e i o u ə'', and the following consonants:
* stops: ''p t ṭ k q b d ḍ g''
* fricatives: ''f v s z S h''
* resonants: ''m n N ŋ l r L w y''

The exact realizations of ''S L N'' are not fully known in universe; the linguist Cimaterol Pradaxa reconstructed them as retroflexes, which is consistent with the Proto-Pulchric reflexes but data from Crockartoot, discovered much later, hints that these could have been palatal instead. This theory is also borne by phonotactics -- ''s l n'' do not turn into ''S L N'' before retroflex consonants, as in ''malṭə'' (presumably /maɭʈə/) "bone", and the absence of an *R corresponding to *r, even though clusters of *r and retroflexes exist.

Vowel hiatus in Proto-Pulchric is generally rare, showing up in the directional trigger suffix ''-ao'', but consonant clusters are extremely common, as in ''pelstrə'' (bear), ''temblipsas'' (mushroom), and ''mirnutə'' (rod).