Linguifex - User contributions [en]

Category:Pages with errors in interlinear text

2026-06-23T03:55:20Z

Shadowlemur:

This is an error generated by {{tl|interlinear}}.
[[Category:Errors]]

Category:Pages with broken file links

2026-06-23T03:53:18Z

Shadowlemur:

This is the category page for {{PAGENAME}}.
[[Category:Errors]]

Category:Errors

2026-06-23T03:49:44Z

Shadowlemur:

Errors: when MediaWiki doesn't do what people want it do. These usually need fixing up.
[[Category:Improvement]]

Category:Errors

2026-06-23T03:49:23Z

Shadowlemur:

Errors: when MediaWiki doesn't do what people want it do.
[[Category:Improvement]]

Category:Pages with script errors

2026-06-23T03:48:57Z

Shadowlemur:

[[Category:Errors]]

Category:Pages with reference errors

2026-06-23T03:48:51Z

Shadowlemur:

[[Category:Errors]]

Category:Errors

2026-06-23T03:48:40Z

Shadowlemur: Created page with "Category:Improvement"

[[Category:Improvement]]

Category:Pages with errors in interlinear text

2026-06-23T03:48:28Z

Shadowlemur:

[[Category:Errors]]

Category:Pages with reference errors

2026-06-23T03:47:56Z

Shadowlemur: this is probably a useful tracking category to have around

[[Category:Improvement]]

User:Shadowlemur/draft/Cife/Ozymandias

2026-06-23T03:22:37Z

Shadowlemur:

{|
|<poem>
I met a traveller from an antique land,
Who said, “Two vast and trunkless legs of stone
Stand in the desert. Near them, on the sand,
Half sunk, a shattered visage lies, whose frown,
And wrinkled lip, and sneer of cold command,
Tell that its sculptor well those passions read,
Which yet survive, stamped on these lifeless things,
The hand that mocked them, and the heart that fed:
And on the pedestal these words appear:
“My name is Ozymandias, King of Kings.
Look on my works ye Mighty, and despair!”
No thing beside remains. Round the decay
Of that Colossal Wreck, boundless and bare,
The lone and level sands stretch far away.
</poem>
|Ëvŷ hıòna aun farztäl scil aun landŷ oqìvȧ,

Res kotwh, "wvŷn jänne an stawh, fastŷ se änstug

sjawv an a règan. <poem></poem>
|I met a traveller from a land antique,
who said, "two legs of stone, vast and trunkless,
stand in the desert.
|-
|}

User:Shadowlemur/draft/Cife/Ozymandias

2026-06-23T03:15:30Z

Shadowlemur: Created page with "{| |<poem> I met a traveller from an antique land, Who said, “Two vast and trunkless legs of stone Stand in the desert. Near them, on the sand, Half sunk, a shattered visage lies, whose frown, And wrinkled lip, and sneer of cold command, Tell that its sculptor well those passions read, Which yet survive, stamped on these lifeless things, The hand that mocked them, and the heart that fed: And on the pedestal these words appear: “My name is Ozymandias, King of Kings. L..."

{|
|<poem>
I met a traveller from an antique land,
Who said, “Two vast and trunkless legs of stone
Stand in the desert. Near them, on the sand,
Half sunk, a shattered visage lies, whose frown,
And wrinkled lip, and sneer of cold command,
Tell that its sculptor well those passions read,
Which yet survive, stamped on these lifeless things,
The hand that mocked them, and the heart that fed:
And on the pedestal these words appear:
“My name is Ozymandias, King of Kings.
Look on my works ye Mighty, and despair!”
No thing beside remains. Round the decay
Of that Colossal Wreck, boundless and bare,
The lone and level sands stretch far away.
</poem>
|Ëvŷ hıòna aun farztal scil aun landŷ oqìvȧ,

Res kotwh, "wvŷn jänne an stawh, fastŷ se änstug

sjawv an a règan. <poem></poem>
|I met a traveller from a land antique,
who said, "two legs of stone, vast and trunkless,
stand in the desert.
|-
|}

User:Shadowlemur/draft/Cife/Conjugation

2026-06-23T03:03:42Z

Shadowlemur: Created page with "The vast majority (85%) of Cife verbs belong to the "ŷ-group" regular verbs; some others (12%) belong to the "p-group" regular verbs; and the remaining minority, mainly fundamental verbs such as "to be", are conjugated irregularly. Cife distinguishes between the ''singular'' (one), the ''paucal'' (few), and the ''plural'' (many), and the learner is immediately confronted with this when attempting to learn the commonly used subject and object pronouns. Consider the follo..."

The vast majority (85%) of Cife verbs belong to the "ŷ-group" regular verbs; some others (12%) belong to the "p-group" regular verbs; and the remaining minority, mainly fundamental verbs such as "to be", are conjugated irregularly. Cife distinguishes between the ''singular'' (one), the ''paucal'' (few), and the ''plural'' (many), and the learner is immediately confronted with this when attempting to learn the commonly used subject and object pronouns. Consider the following summary table, which contains the most commonly used pronouns in Cife:
{| class="wikitable"
|+
! rowspan="3" |Person
! colspan="6" |Subject pronouns
! colspan="6" |Object pronouns
|-
| colspan="2" |Singular
| colspan="2" |Paucal
| colspan="2" |Plural
| colspan="2" |Singular
| colspan="2" |Paucal
| colspan="2" |Plural
|-
|En.
|Ci.
|En.
|Ci.
|En.
|Ci.
|En.
|Ci.
|En.
|Ci.
|En.
|Ci.
|-
|1st
|I
|''Ëvŷ''
|We
|''Efem''
|We
|''Awem''
|Me
|''Adar''
|Us
|''Ogr''
|Us
|''Ogrı''
|-
|2nd
|You
|''Ÿvo''
|You
|''Ỳfo''
|You
|''Awo''
|You
|''Eìda''
|You
|''Sàwvas''
|You
|''Sàwvas''
|-
|3rd
|He/she/they
|''Wi''
|They
|''Fje''
|They
|''Wie''
|Him/her/them
|''Wid''
|Them
|''Fjel''
|Them
|''Fjedi''
|}
This is obviously a lot to take in; we strongly advise you practise using these, especially the subject pronouns, which are used most frequently. Read the following sentences, using the irregular verb ''beqiwv,'' which is conjugated identically for each number of subject pronouns:
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!English
!Cife
|-
|I like apples [plural].
|''Ëvŷ beqow karòne.''
|-
|You [s.] like these apples [paucal].
|''Ÿvo beqow amaj karònit.''
|-
|We all [plural] like this apple.
|''Awem beqom aj karòna.''
|-
|Ja and Sılrŷ [paucal] like these apples [paucal]
|''Ja se Sılrŷ beqis amaj karònit.''
|-
|You and I [paucal] like apples.
|''Efem beqis karòne.''
|-
|She likes him.
|''Wi beqow wid.''
|-
|I like them [paucal].
|''Ëvŷ beqow fjel.''
|-
|You [plural] like us [paucal].
|''Awo beqom ogr.''
|}

User:Shadowlemur/draft/Cife

2026-06-22T03:03:08Z

Shadowlemur:

Cife vowels are classed in two groups, called the ‘strong’ (''ìmsy'') and ‘weak’ (''rŷknŷ'') vowels. There are six ‘basic’ vowel lettrs – a, e, ı, o, u, and y, as is normal in Latin orthography – and of these, a, ı, and o are ‘strong’ whilst e, y, and u are considered to be their respective ‘weak’ counterparts. Cife employs two diacritic marks: the ''indı'', applied to strong vowels, and the ''ùrna'', applied to weak ones. The pronunciation of the basic vowels varies slightly by dialect (of which more discussion later on), but the generally accepted, proper pronunciations are as follows:
{| class="wikitable"
!Letter
!Name
!Sound
!Diacritic modification
|-
|''a''
|''ara''
|/ä/ to /a/
|''ȧ'' – /ɑ/
|-
|''ı''
|''ımno''
|/ɪ/
|''i'' – /i/
|-
|''o''
|''od''
|/o/
|''ȯ –'' /ɔ/
|-
|''e''
|''emnê''
|/ɛ/
|''ê –'' /e/
|-
|''y''
|''yrde''
|/ə/ (unstressed)

/ɤ/ (stressed)
|''ŷ –'' /ɘ/ (unstressed)

/eĩ/ (stressed)
|-
|''u''
|''undry''
|/ʌ/ (unstressed)

/ʊ/ (stressed)
|''û'' – /u/
|}
Stress on a given word is determined by a schematic list of sorts, which is reproduced below. The most important element is the ''stress diacritic'' (`), the only other diacritic used in Cife. Start at the top; if the syllable described is not in the word, continue down until you find a condition that does apply. If two syllables meet the condition described, apply the stress to the one that appears first in the word.

# The syllable with a stress diacritic takes the emphasis, e.g. ˈ''rùkogzŷ (''to know innately)
# The syllable with an unaccented strong vowel takes the emphasis, e.g. ''ketˈoni (''bread)
# The syllable with an unaccented weak vowel takes the emphasis, e.g. ˈ''devrŷ'' (to make music)
# The syllable with an accented weak vowel takes the emphasis, e.g. ''ȧpˈrêtwh'' (brandy)
# The first syllable takes the emphasis, e.g. ''ˈidzgȯ'' (oak)

The stress diacritic cannot be applied to a vowel which already has a diacritic mark. For combined diacritics, two symbols are used: the ''mirȧn'' (¨), to represented a stressed, modified vowel, either strong or weak: e.g. ''qänŷ'' (rock depression) or ''üngra'' (hollow).

Consonant letters in Cife are usually pronounced similar to European Latin-script languages, while consonant digraphs are somewhat idiosyncratic. The native English speaker should note the following aspects:
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Letter
!Name
!Sound
|-
|''b''
|''bënı''
|/pj/
|-
|''c''
|''cigo''
|/s˕/
|-
|''d''
|''di''
|/tj/
|-
|''j''
|''jerŷ''
|/j/
|-
|''r''
|''rota''
|/{{IPA|r}}/
|-
|''p''
|''pjore''
|/pʰ/
|-
|''q''
|''qe''
|/tʃ/
|-
|''t''
|''tilön''
|/tʰ/
|-
|''w''
|''wê''
|/ɸ/
|-
|’
|''cirotco mer''
|/ʔ/
|}
Most diagraphic consonants have a trigraphic form used when the sound is at the end of a word.
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Digraph
!Trigraph
!Sound
|-
|''wv''
|—
|/β/
|-
|''ssc''
|''chw''
|/ʃ/
|-
|''tw''
|''twh''
|/θ/
|-
|''zt''
|''tzw''
|/ð/
|-
|''gz''
|—
|/ʒ/
|-
|''dg''
|''dzg''
|/dʒ/
|}
The most common consonant sounds occurring in Cife are ''r, k'', ''t'', ''c'', ''d'', and ''p;'' the rarest are ''j, zt,'' and ''gz''. Note that in some dialects, ''dg'' is virtually unvoiced, and is almost indistinguishable from ''q''.

The following is a simple parallel text which emphasis grammatical forms. Don't expect to be able to learn all the words and grammar used here: just use it as a pronunciation exercise, and acclimatize yourself to the "mouthfeel" of Cife.
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!English
!Cife
!Notes
|-
| rowspan="2" |Pava went to the store yesterday to buy pork.
|''Favrea Pava mi a kenratwh, andê, ae kenbrŷ hangre.''
| rowspan="2" |Note the distinction between ''mi'' (physical destination) and ''ae'' (goal; so as to), which are both translated as "to" in English.
|-
|Went Pava to the store, yesterday, to buy pork.
|-
| rowspan="2" |Today, he goes to the store to buy a box of apples.
|''Fabre wi amdga mi a kenratwh ae kenbrŷ aun ȯcta'an karòne.''
| rowspan="2" |Word order in Cife is somewhat flexible (this will be discussed in detail later), but for now, it is worth noting that this sentence could also be written "''amagda, fabre wi mi..."'' [today, goes she to...] or ''"fabre wi mi a kenratwh amagda"'' [goes she to the store today]
|-
|Goes she today to the store to buy a box of apples.
|-
| rowspan="2" |Tomorrow, he will go to buy some herbs and spices.
|''Ekta, favrien wi ae kenbrŷ scal migrade se wästorse.''
| rowspan="2" |Note how the omission of "to the store" does not significantly change the sentence structure. Note also how plurals are constructed.
|-
|Tomorrow, will go she to buy some herbs and spices.
|-
| rowspan="2" |Jadga has a train ticket to New Sydney.
|''Kes Jadga aun êlenti mi New Sydney.''
| rowspan="2" |
|-
|Has Jadga a trainticket to New Sydney.
|-
| rowspan="2" |The trip is about two hours; he leaves at noon.
|''Cel a pömadga qın sèla; emwabre wi ben awva.''
| rowspan="2" |The reader who has not already noticed the relation between ''fabre wi'' (they go) and ''emwabre'' (they leave) is encouraged to do so. The infinitive roots are ''fabrŷ'' and ''emwabrŷ''.
|-
|Is the trip about two hours; leaves he at noon.
|}
{{Right|''Next lessons'': 
➫ '''[[/Conjugation/]]''' 
➫ '''[[/Greetings/]]'''}}

User:Shadowlemur/draft/Cife

2026-06-21T02:48:42Z

Shadowlemur: Created page with " Cife vowels are classed in two groups, called the ‘strong’ (''ìmsy'') and ‘weak’ (''rŷknŷ'') vowels. There are six ‘basic’ vowel lettrs – a, e, ı, o, u, and y, as is normal in Latin orthography – and of these, a, ı, and o are ‘strong’ whilst e, y, and u are considered to be their respective ‘weak’ counterparts. Cife employs two diacritic marks: the ''indı'', applied to strong vowels, and the ''ùrna'', applied to weak ones. The pronunciatio..."

Cife vowels are classed in two groups, called the ‘strong’ (''ìmsy'') and ‘weak’ (''rŷknŷ'') vowels. There are six ‘basic’ vowel lettrs – a, e, ı, o, u, and y, as is normal in Latin orthography – and of these, a, ı, and o are ‘strong’ whilst e, y, and u are considered to be their respective ‘weak’ counterparts. Cife employs two diacritic marks: the ''indı'', applied to strong vowels, and the ''ùrna'', applied to weak ones. The pronunciation of the basic vowels varies slightly by dialect (of which more discussion later on), but the generally accepted, proper pronunciations are as follows:
{| class="wikitable"
!Letter
!Name
!Sound
!Diacritic modification
|-
|''a''
|''ara''
|/ä/ to /a/
|''ȧ'' – /ɑ/
|-
|''ı''
|''ımno''
|/ɪ/
|''i'' – /i/
|-
|''o''
|''od''
|/o/
|''ȯ –'' /ɔ/
|-
|''e''
|''emnê''
|/ɛ/
|''ê –'' /e/
|-
|''y''
|''yrde''
|/ə/ (unstressed)

/ɤ/ (stressed)
|''ŷ –'' /ɘ/ (unstressed)

/eĩ/ (stressed)
|-
|''u''
|''undry''
|/ʌ/ (unstressed)

/ʊ/ (stressed)
|''û'' – /u/
|}
Stress on a given word is determined by a schematic list of sorts, which is reproduced below. The most important element is the ''stress diacritic'' (`), the only other diacritic used in Cife. Start at the top; if the syllable described is not in the word, continue down until you find a condition that does apply. If two syllables meet the condition described, apply the stress to the one that appears first in the word.

# The syllable with a stress diacritic takes the emphasis, e.g. ˈ''rùkogzŷ (''to know innately)
# The syllable with an unaccented strong vowel takes the emphasis, e.g. ''ketˈoni (''bread)
# The syllable with an unaccented weak vowel takes the emphasis, e.g. ˈ''devrŷ'' (to make music)
# The syllable with an accented weak vowel takes the emphasis, e.g. ''ȧpˈrêct'' (brandy)
# The first syllable takes the emphasis, e.g. ''ˈidzgȯ'' (oak)

The stress diacritic cannot be applied to a vowel which already has a diacritic mark. For combined diacritics, two symbols are used: the ''mirȧn'' (¨), to represented a stressed, modified vowel, either strong or weak: e.g. ''qänŷ'' (rock depression) or ''üngra'' (hollow).

Consonant letters in Cife are usually pronounced similar to European Latin-script languages, while consonant digraphs are somewhat idiosyncratic. The native English speaker should note the following aspects:
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Letter
!Name
!Sound
|-
|''b''
|''bënı''
|/pj/
|-
|''c''
|''cigo''
|/s˕/
|-
|''d''
|''di''
|/tj/
|-
|''j''
|''jerŷ''
|/j/
|-
|''r''
|''rota''
|/{{IPA|r}}/
|-
|''p''
|''pjore''
|/pʰ/
|-
|''q''
|''qe''
|/tʃ/
|-
|''t''
|''tilön''
|/tʰ/
|-
|''w''
|''wê''
|/ɸ/
|-
|’
|''cirotco mer''
|/ʔ/
|}
Most diagraphic consonants have a trigraphic form used when the sound is at the end of a word.
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Digraph
!Trigraph
!Sound
|-
|''wv''
|—
|/β/
|-
|''ssc''
|''chw''
|/ʃ/
|-
|''ct''
|''tcw''
|/θ/
|-
|''zt''
|''tzw''
|/ð/
|-
|''gz''
|—
|/ʒ/
|-
|''dg''
|''dzg''
|/dʒ/
|}
The most common consonant sounds occurring in Cife are ''r, k'', ''t'', ''c'', ''d'', and ''p;'' the rarest are ''j, zt,'' and ''gz''. Note that in some dialects, ''dg'' is virtually unvoiced, and is almost indistinguishable from ''q''.

The following is a simple parallel text which emphasis grammatical forms. Don't expect to be able to learn all the words and grammar used here: just use it as a pronunciation exercise, and acclimatize yourself to the "mouthfeel" of Cife.
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!English
!Cife
!Notes
|-
| rowspan="2" |Pava went to the store yesterday to buy pork.
|''Favrea Pava mi a kenratcw, andê, ae hangre kenbrŷ.''
| rowspan="2" |Note the distinction between ''mi'' (physical destination) and ''ae'' (goal; so as to), which are both translated as "to" in English.
|-
|Went Pava to the store, yesterday, to pork buy.
|-
| rowspan="2" |Today, she goes to the store to buy a box of apples.
|''Fabre wi amdga mi a kenratcw ae aun ȯcta'an karòne kenbrŷ.''
| rowspan="2" |Word order in Cife is somewhat flexible (this will be discussed in detail later), but for now, it is worth noting that this sentence could also be written "''amagda, fabre wi mi..."'' [today, goes she to...] or ''"fabre wi mi a kenratcw amagda"'' [goes she to the store today]
|-
|Goes she today to the store to a box of apples buy.
|-
| rowspan="2" |Tomorrow, she will go to buy some herbs and spices.
|''Ekta, favren wi mi a kenratcw scal migrad sin tostorsa.''
| rowspan="2" |
|-
|
|}