Linguifex - User contributions [en]

Shoji

2026-05-07T03:04:06Z

Suqi:

== Phonology ==

=== Consonants ===
Pink: onset only

Blue: word-medial onset only

Uncolored: any position
{| class="wikitable"
! colspan="2" |
![[w:Bilabial_consonant|Bilabial]]
![[w:Alveolar_consonant|Alveolar]]
![[w:Palatal_consonant|Palatal]]
![[w:Velar_consonant|Velar]]
![[w:uvular_consonant|Uvular]]
|-
! rowspan="2" |[[w:Nasal_consonant|Nasal]]
![[w:voiceless_consonant|Voiceless]]
|
|
|
| style="background-color: #fde" |[[w:voiceless_velar_nasal|ŋ̊]] nh
|
|-
![[w:voiced_consonant|Voiced]]
|[[w:IPA_m|m]] m
|[[w:IPA_n|n]] n
|
|[[w:voiced_velar_nasal|ŋ]] g
|[[w:voiced_uvular_nasal|ɴ]] gu
|-
! rowspan="2" |[[w:Plosive_consonant|Plosive]]
![[w:Aspirated_consonant|Aspirated]]
|
|
|
| style="background-color: #fde" |[[w:aspirated_consonant|kʰ]] kh
|
|-
![[w:Tenuis_consonant|Tenuis]]
|
| style="background-color: #def" |[[w:IPA_t|t]] t
|
| style="background-color: #fde" |[[w:IPA_k|k]] k
|
|-
! colspan="2" |[[w:Affricate_consonant|Affricate]]
|
|
| style="background-color: #def" |[[w:voiced_alveo-palatal_affricate|dʑʱ]] j
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |[[w:Fricative_consonant|Fricative]]
![[w:Aspirated_consonant|Aspirated]]
|
| style="background-color: #fde" |[[w:aspirated_consonant|sʰ]] sh
| style="background-color: #fde" |[[w:aspirated_consonant|ɕʰ]] ch
|
|
|-
![[w:Tenuis_consonant|Tenuis]]
|[[w:voiceless_bilabial_fricative|ɸ]] f
|[[w:IPA_s|s]] s
|[[w:voiceless_alveo-palatal_fricative|ɕ]] c
| style="background-color: #fde" |[[w:IPA_x|x]] x
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |[[w:Glide_consonant|Glide]]
!Unrounded
|
|[[w:IPA_l|l]] l
|[[w:IPA_j|j]] y
|[[w:voiced_velar_approximant|ɰ]] w
|
|-
![[w:labialization|Rounded]]
|
|
|[[w:voiced_labial-palatal_approximant|ɥ]] yu
|[[w:IPA_w|w]] wu
|
|}

# m > mʲ / _{i,e,a}[–RTR]
# ŋ ɴ k x > ɲ ŋʷ k̟ x̟ / _{i,e}
# kʰ > k̟ʰ / _{i,e,a}
# k x > k̠ x̠ / _{a,o}
# kʰ > k̠ʰ / _o
# l > ɾ / {i,e}_{i,e}
# dʑʱi dʑʱiʱ > dʑʑ̩ dʑʱʑ̩ʱ

=== Vowels ===
{| class="wikitable"
! colspan="2" rowspan="3" |
! colspan="4" |Front
! colspan="4" |Back
|-
! colspan="2" |High
! colspan="2" |Low
! colspan="2" |High
! colspan="2" |Low
|-
!-RTR
!+RTR
!-RTR
!+RTR
!-RTR
!+RTR
!-RTR
!+RTR
|-
! rowspan="3" |Close
!Modal
|í í
|í̙ ír
|i i
|i̙ ir
|
|
|
|
|-
!Breathy
|íʱ íh
|í̙ʱ írh
|iʱ ih
|i̙ʱ irh
|
|
|
|
|-
!Glottalized
|íˀ í'
|í̙ˀ ír'
|iˀ i'
|i̙ˀ ir'
|
|
|
|
|-
! rowspan="3" |Mid
!Modal
|é é
|é̙ ér
|e e
|e̙ er
|ó ó
|ó̙ ór
|o o
|o̙ or
|-
!Breathy
|éʱ éh
|é̙ʱ érh
|eʱ eh
|e̙ʱ erh
|óʱ óh
|ó̙ʱ órh
|oʱ oh
|o̙ʱ orh
|-
!Glottalized
|éˀ é'
|é̙ˀ ér'
|eˀ e'
|e̙ˀ er'
|óˀ ó'
|ó̙ˀ ór'
|oˀ o'
|o̙ˀ or'
|-
! rowspan="3" |Open
!Modal
|
|
|
|
|á á
|á̙ ár
|a a
|a̙ ar
|-
!Breathy
|
|
|
|
|áʱ áh
|á̙ʱ árh
|aʱ ah
|a̙ʱ arh
|-
!Glottalized
|
|
|
|
|áˀ á'
|á̙ˀ ár'
|aˀ a'
|a̙ˀ ar'
|}

# /V́/ cannot occur after /m n ŋ ɴ t k ɸ s ɕ x/
# /V̀/ cannot occur after /ŋ̊ kʰ dʑʱ sʰ ɕʰ/
# /i̙ e̙ a̙ o̙/ cannot occur after /ŋ kʰ k dʑʱ/
# i i̙ e e̙ a a̙ o o̙ > ʑ̩ i ɪ e ɛ a ø o / {ɕ(ʰ),j}_
# i i̙ e e̙ a a̙ o o̙ > ɨ i ə e ɑ a ɔ o / {ɰ,w}_

== Syntax ==

=== Word Order ===
Note to self: Make changes to word order at any point you would like!

TOP - PP - ADJ - TAM - ADV - A1 - A2 - A3 - V1 - B1 - B2 - B3 - V2 - ADJ - AX - PP

* TOP: A topic is op tional, and primarily only included for emphasis, introduction, change of situation, surprise, questions, and answers.
* PP: The posposition following the topic marks its case if it is not the subject (i.e. agent or highly respected object). Postpositions following postverbal nouns mark their case as well.
* ADJ: Adjectives follow a topic or its postposition. Preverbal nouns cannot have adjectives. Adjectives precede postverbal nouns.
* TAM: TAM is a particle or two marking tense, aspect, and/or mood. Usually, the tense marker is separate from the aspect-mood marker, but it's only used if the implied tense from the AM is inaccurate.
* ADV: Adverbs are only distinguished from arguments if there are few arguments mentioned (typically 3-4, no more than 6). When there are many arguments, any adverbial statements must be converted into arguments themselves, following the verbs.
* A1-3: Arguments 1-3 are the subject, indirect object, and direct object, respectively. They are placed in that exact order when preceding the verb. The order for the others remains intact if one is placed in the position of topic. Arguments 1-3 retain their order but are all placed after the verbs if any one of them (that is not the topic) is modified by an adjective. When any of the 3 arguments are omitted, a prefix with the personhood and obviation of the omitted argument(s) is attached to the first verb.
* V1: Verb 1 is the main verb.
* B1-3: These are arguments 1-3 but of Verb 2 rather than Verb 1. These arguments cannot be modified, topicalized, or placed after the verbs.
* V2: Verb 2 is a finite verb, where the order of V1-V2 is a converb. Any arguments beyond the primary three for Verb 2 cannot be included in the same sentence.
* AX: Arguments X are the miscellaneous arguments of Verb 1.

=== Adjectives ===
Adjectives all end in -ó.

Shoji

2026-05-07T02:58:20Z

Suqi:

== Phonology ==

=== Consonants ===
Pink: onset only

Blue: word-medial onset only

Uncolored: any position
{| class="wikitable"
! colspan="2" |
![[w:Bilabial_consonant|Bilabial]]
![[w:Alveolar_consonant|Alveolar]]
![[w:Palatal_consonant|Palatal]]
![[w:Velar_consonant|Velar]]
![[w:uvular_consonant|Uvular]]
|-
! rowspan="2" |[[w:Nasal_consonant|Nasal]]
![[w:voiceless_consonant|Voiceless]]
|
|
|
| style="background-color: #fde" |[[w:voiceless_velar_nasal|ŋ̊]] nh
|
|-
![[w:voiced_consonant|Voiced]]
|[[w:IPA_m|m]] m
|[[w:IPA_n|n]] n
|
|[[w:voiced_velar_nasal|ŋ]] g
|[[w:voiced_uvular_nasal|ɴ]] gu
|-
! rowspan="2" |[[w:Plosive_consonant|Plosive]]
![[w:Aspirated_consonant|Aspirated]]
|
|
|
| style="background-color: #fde" |[[w:aspirated_consonant|kʰ]] kh
|
|-
![[w:Tenuis_consonant|Tenuis]]
|
| style="background-color: #def" |[[w:IPA_t|t]] t
|
| style="background-color: #fde" |[[w:IPA_k|k]] k
|
|-
! colspan="2" |[[w:Affricate_consonant|Affricate]]
|
|
| style="background-color: #def" |[[w:voiced_alveo-palatal_affricate|dʑʱ]] j
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |[[w:Fricative_consonant|Fricative]]
![[w:Aspirated_consonant|Aspirated]]
|
| style="background-color: #fde" |[[w:aspirated_consonant|sʰ]] sh
| style="background-color: #fde" |[[w:aspirated_consonant|ɕʰ]] ch
|
|
|-
![[w:Tenuis_consonant|Tenuis]]
|[[w:voiceless_bilabial_fricative|ɸ]] f
|[[w:IPA_s|s]] s
|[[w:voiceless_alveo-palatal_fricative|ɕ]] c
| style="background-color: #fde" |[[w:IPA_x|x]] x
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |[[w:Glide_consonant|Glide]]
!Unrounded
|
|l l
|[[w:IPA_j|j]] y
|[[w:voiced_velar_approximant|ɰ]] w
|
|-
![[w:labialization|Rounded]]
|
|
|[[w:voiced_labial-palatal_approximant|ɥ]] yu
|[[w:IPA_w|w]] wu
|
|}

# m > mʲ / _{i,e,a}[–RTR]
# ŋ ɴ k x > ɲ ŋʷ k̟ x̟ / _{i,e}
# kʰ > k̟ʰ / _{i,e,a}
# k x > k̠ x̠ / _{a,o}
# kʰ > k̠ʰ / _o
# l > ɾ / {i,e}_{i,e}
# dʑʱi dʑʱiʱ > dʑʑ̩ dʑʱʑ̩ʱ

=== Vowels ===
{| class="wikitable"
! colspan="2" rowspan="3" |
! colspan="4" |Front
! colspan="4" |Back
|-
! colspan="2" |High
! colspan="2" |Low
! colspan="2" |High
! colspan="2" |Low
|-
!-RTR
!+RTR
!-RTR
!+RTR
!-RTR
!+RTR
!-RTR
!+RTR
|-
! rowspan="3" |Close
!Modal
|í í
|í̙ ír
|i i
|i̙ ir
|
|
|
|
|-
!Breathy
|íʱ íh
|í̙ʱ írh
|iʱ ih
|i̙ʱ irh
|
|
|
|
|-
!Glottalized
|íˀ í'
|í̙ˀ ír'
|iˀ i'
|i̙ˀ ir'
|
|
|
|
|-
! rowspan="3" |Mid
!Modal
|é é
|é̙ ér
|e e
|e̙ er
|ó ó
|ó̙ ór
|o o
|o̙ or
|-
!Breathy
|éʱ éh
|é̙ʱ érh
|eʱ eh
|e̙ʱ erh
|óʱ óh
|ó̙ʱ órh
|oʱ oh
|o̙ʱ orh
|-
!Glottalized
|éˀ é'
|é̙ˀ ér'
|eˀ e'
|e̙ˀ er'
|óˀ ó'
|ó̙ˀ ór'
|oˀ o'
|o̙ˀ or'
|-
! rowspan="3" |Open
!Modal
|
|
|
|
|á á
|á̙ ár
|a a
|a̙ ar
|-
!Breathy
|
|
|
|
|áʱ áh
|á̙ʱ árh
|aʱ ah
|a̙ʱ arh
|-
!Glottalized
|
|
|
|
|áˀ á'
|á̙ˀ ár'
|aˀ a'
|a̙ˀ ar'
|}

# /V́/ cannot occur after /m n ŋ ɴ t k ɸ s ɕ x/
# /V̀/ cannot occur after /ŋ̊ kʰ dʑʱ sʰ ɕʰ/
# /i̙ e̙ a̙ o̙/ cannot occur after /ŋ kʰ k dʑʱ/
# i i̙ e e̙ a a̙ o o̙ > ʑ̩ i ɪ e ɛ a ø o / {ɕ(ʰ),j}_
# i i̙ e e̙ a a̙ o o̙ > ɨ i ə e ɑ a ɔ o / {ɰ,w}_

== Syntax ==

=== Word Order ===
Note to self: Make changes to word order at any point you would like!

TOP - PP - ADJ - TAM - ADV - A1 - A2 - A3 - V1 - B1 - B2 - B3 - V2 - ADJ - AX - PP

* TOP: A topic is op tional, and primarily only included for emphasis, introduction, change of situation, surprise, questions, and answers.
* PP: The posposition following the topic marks its case if it is not the subject (i.e. agent or highly respected object). Postpositions following postverbal nouns mark their case as well.
* ADJ: Adjectives follow a topic or its postposition. Preverbal nouns cannot have adjectives. Adjectives precede postverbal nouns.
* TAM: TAM is a particle or two marking tense, aspect, and/or mood. Usually, the tense marker is separate from the aspect-mood marker, but it's only used if the implied tense from the AM is inaccurate.
* ADV: Adverbs are only distinguished from arguments if there are few arguments mentioned (typically 3-4, no more than 6). When there are many arguments, any adverbial statements must be converted into arguments themselves, following the verbs.
* A1-3: Arguments 1-3 are the subject, indirect object, and direct object, respectively. They are placed in that exact order when preceding the verb. The order for the others remains intact if one is placed in the position of topic. Arguments 1-3 retain their order but are all placed after the verbs if any one of them (that is not the topic) is modified by an adjective. When any of the 3 arguments are omitted, a prefix with the personhood and obviation of the omitted argument(s) is attached to the first verb.
* V1: Verb 1 is the main verb.
* B1-3: These are arguments 1-3 but of Verb 2 rather than Verb 1. These arguments cannot be modified, topicalized, or placed after the verbs.
* V2: Verb 2 is a finite verb, where the order of V1-V2 is a converb. Any arguments beyond the primary three for Verb 2 cannot be included in the same sentence.
* AX: Arguments X are the miscellaneous arguments of Verb 1.

=== Adjectives ===
Adjectives all end in -ó.

User:Suqi

2026-05-07T02:52:36Z

Suqi: /* Conlangs */

Hello, I am Suqi or Suq (any pronunciation). I started conlanging in 2018 when I made [[Iskel]]. I enjoy learning about phonetics, space, and the things they be doing in the quantum thingamajigs.

I speak English natively and am like one quarter conversational in Spanish. I am, albeit slowly, trying to learn Japanese and Iskel.

== Conlangs ==
=== Active Development ===
* ''[[Iskel]]'' – [ˈis.kel]
** A personal conlang, partly engelang. It was initially a posteriori with influence from '''I'''talian, '''S'''panish, '''K'''orean, '''E'''nglish, and '''L'''atin, but later iterations make attempts to make it be more a priori. This language is the embodiment of my pedantism and war on ambiguity.
* ''[[Iwáxa Tui]]'' – [iˈwɐ.ʔa ˈtu.i]
** A personal conlang that I'm still figuring out. Likely will have strong connections to sailing.
*''[[Nga]]'' – [ŋɑ]
**A personal conlang with many compound words composed only of monosyllabic roots.
*''[[Mirmio]]'' – [mʲiɽ˨˦˨.mʲi͡o]
**A personal conlang loosely based on cats.
*''[[Hanawo]] –'' [ħaŋ̠aɰ̠o]
*''[[Shoji]] –'' [sʰód͡ʑʑ̩́]

=== Well Developed ===
* ''[[Ketchup]]''
** A cursed joke language designed for user suffering. It has many wild and random features that make fluency for humans dubious, but has a solid population of human-ish speakers in its home universe. I love this language to death but it takes HOURS TO TRANSLATE ANYTHING MORE THAN A WORD PLEASE I'M NOT STRONG ENOUGH TO WORK ON THIS ANYMORE
* ''[[Ndu Biliva]]'' – [ndʉ̆ bĭ̞lĭ̞β̞æ̆]
** A personal minimalist conlang inspired by a [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QwdbFNGCkLw&pp=ygUMaWV2YW4gcG9sa2th nightcore Hatsune Miku cover of Ievan Polkka].

=== Moderately Developed ===
* ''[[Kamogi]]'' – [kaˈmoɡi]
** An artistic language based around the relationship between motion and non-motion in an action.
* ''[[Kyngar]]'' – [ˈkyŋaɾ]
** A conlang that uses morphosyntax and multiple suffix forms to condense concepts into brief words or sentences with simple relationships.
* ''[[Malysá]]'' – [maʎs̪á]
** An artistic language inspired by Japanese and Khoekhoe in which I use non-naturalistic features based on naturalistic features to make a language I find fun to translate things into.

=== Poorly Developed ===
* ''[[Evilllang]]''
** A cursed artistic language with a theme of immoral, illegal, and cartoonishly evil behavior.
* ''[[I language|i]]'' – [i]
** A minimalist international auxiliary language intended to create a manner of communication that involves very little complexity, whether that be phonological, grammatical, semantic, or pragmatic. The intent is to make it easy and intuitive to learn from any linguistic background.
* ''[[KWMs]]'' – [ʷǂ͡ʘs]
** An artistic language with only consonants, mostly clicks, inspired by the [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CkSo0WIVNcw&pp=ygUYbGltYmVyd2lzayBodXNoIGxhbmd1YWdl Hush language].
* ''[[Nllhaa]]'' – [nɬːaː]
** A personal artistic language with phonoaesthetics I mentally associate with Christmas, and somewhat inspired by the Sámi languages.
* ''[[Xui]]'' – [ʂʲʉi]
** An artistic language designed to sound soft and cute.

=== Developed in Communion with the Devil ===
These are languages that I plan to develop further after having been given the starting point by a non-human entity.
* ''[[Australian dream language]] (placeholder name)''
** The initial information on this language was revealed to me in a dream in which I had discovered an Australian Aboriginal language with a rather cursed phonology. Upon waking up, I decided to make this language a reality.
* ''[[Ikai Taa]] and its dialects: [[!Xóõj]], [[!Xõj]], [[!Xõ]], and [[ǁ*ǁ*]]''
** The initial information on this set of languages was generated by the now-defunct [https://inferkit.com/ Inferkit AI] when I asked it for a description of the !Xóõ language. The resulting generation was so funny that I decided I would develop what it generated further into its own cursed language keeping in the spirit of what the AI had written.

Hanawo

2026-05-07T02:52:22Z

Suqi:

'''Hanawo''' [ħaŋ̠aɰ̠o]

== Phonology ==
Pink: coda only

Blue: onset only

Purple: word-medial onset only

Uncolored: any position
{| class="wikitable"
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" |
! colspan="2" |[[w:Bilabial_consonant|Bilabial]]
! colspan="2" |[[w:Alveolar_consonant|Alveolar]]
! colspan="2" |[[w:Palatal_consonant|Palatal]]
! colspan="3" |[[w:Velar_consonant|Velar]]
! rowspan="2" |[[w:Pharyngeal_consonant|Pharyngeal]]
! rowspan="2" |[[w:Glottal_consonant|Glottal]]
|-
!Plain
![[w:Palatalized_consonant|Palatalized]]
!Plain
![[w:Palatalized_consonant|Palatalized]]
!Plain
![[w:Palatalized_consonant|Palatalized]]
!Plain
![[w:Palatalized_consonant|Palatalized]]
![[w:Labialized_consonant|Labialized]]
|-
! colspan="2" |[[w:Nasal_consonant|Nasal]]
|[[w:IPA_m|m]] m
|[[w:palatalized_consonant|mʲ]] mj
|
|
|
|
|[[w:voiced_velar_nasal|ŋ]] n
|[[w:palatalized_consonant|ŋʲ]] nj
|
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |[[w:Plosive_consonant|Plosive]]
![[w:Aspirated_consonant|Aspirated]]
|
|
| style="background-color: #dcf" |[[w:aspirated_consonant|tʰ]] t
| style="background-color: #dcf" |[[w:palatalized_consonant|tʰʲ]] tj
|
|
|[[w:aspirated_consonant|kʰ]] k
|[[w:palatalized_consonant|kʲʰ]] kj
|[[w:labialized_consonant|kʷʰ]] ku
|
|
|-
![[w:Tenuis_consonant|Tenuis]]
|
|
| style="background-color: #dcf" |[[w:IPA_t|t]] d
| style="background-color: #dcf" |[[w:palatalized_consonant|tʲ]] dj
|
|
|[[w:IPA_k|k]] g
|[[w:palatalized_consonant|kʲ]] gj
|[[w:labialized_consonant|kʷ]] gu
|
| style="background-color: #fde" |[[w:voiceless_glottal_plosive|ʔ]] q
|-
! rowspan="2" |[[w:Affricate_consonant|Affricate]]
![[w:Aspirated_consonant|Aspirated]]
|
|
|[[w:aspirated_consonant|t͡sʰ]] c
|[[w:palatalized_consonant|t͡sʲʰ]] cj
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
![[w:Tenuis_consonant|Tenuis]]
|
|
|t͡s z
|[[w:palatalized_consonant|t͡sʲ]] zj
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |[[w:Fricative_consonant|Fricative]]
![[w:short_consonant|Short]]
|[[w:voiceless_bilabial_fricative|ɸ]] f
|[[w:palatalized_consonant|ɸʲ]] fj
| style="background-color: #def" |[[w:IPA_s|s]] s
|[[w:palatalized_consonant|sʲ]] sj
| style="background-color: #dcf" |[[w:voiceless_alveo-palatal_fricative|ɕ]] sjj
|
| style="background-color: #def" |[[w:IPA_x|x]] x
|[[w:palatalized_consonant|xʲ]] xj
|
| style="background-color: #def" |[[w:voiceless_pharyngeal_fricative|ħ]] h
| style="background-color: #fde" |[[w:voiceless_glottal_fricative|h]] '''''<nowiki/>'''''<nowiki/>'
|-
![[w:Long_consonant|Long]]
|
|
| style="background-color: #def" |[[w:long_consonant|sː]] ss
| colspan="2" style="background-color: #dcf" |[[w:long_consonant|ɕ̟ː]] ssj
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
! colspan="2" |[[w:Glide_consonant|Glide]]
|
|
| style="background-color: #def" |[[w:voiced_alveolar_tap|ɾ]] r
|
|[[w:IPA_j|j]] y
|[[w:voiced_labial-palatal_approximant|ɥ]] v
|[[w:voiced_velar_approximant|ɰ]] w
|[[w:palatalized_consonant|ɰʲ]] wj
|[[w:IPA_w|w]] wu
|
|
|}
# /K(ʷ) Kʲ/ = [K̠(ʷ) K̟]
# /j w/ = [e̯ o̯β]
# kʷʰ kʷ w > pʰ p b / _($)(C)o
# /ħ/ can only precede /e(ː)/ or /a(ː)/
{| class="wikitable"
! rowspan="2" |
! colspan="2" |[[w:front_vowel|Front]]
! colspan="2" |[[w:back_vowel|Back]]
|-
![[w:Short_vowel|Short]]
![[w:Long_vowel|Long]]
![[w:Short_vowel|Short]]
![[w:Long_vowel|Long]]
|-
![[w:close_vowel|Close]]
|[[w:IPA_i|i]] i
|[[w:Long_vowel|iː]] ī
|
|
|-
![[w:mid_vowel|Mid]]
|[[w:IPA_e|e]] e
|[[w:Long_vowel|eː]] ē
|[[w:IPA_o|o]] o
|[[w:Long_vowel|oː]] ō
|-
![[w:open_vowel|Open]]
|
|
|[[w:IPA_a|a]] a
|[[w:Long_vowel|aː]] ā
|}

== Noun Class ==
The following are classes for nouns.

# -o: blooming flower (associated with life, vulnerability, singular success, youth, love (all kinds), the self, spirit, soul, novelty, beginnings)
# -ui: withering flower (associated with death, ends, cumulative success, maturity, wisdom, knowledge)
# -enj: day (associated with colors, grandeur, vastness, the sea, water, light)
# -ī: night (associated with darkness, sleep, dreams, black vs. white, simplicity, revelation)

The following are classes for verbs, adjectives, adverbs and particles that agree with nouns. Adverbs agree with the topic noun. Verbs agree with the patient noun when it is animate. Verbs agree with the agent noun if the patient noun is inanimate.

# -i, -e, -yV: cute
# -a, -ā, -akj: beautiful
# -n: alien

Particles for verbs are marked for familiar (cute and beautiful are merged), and alien classes but unpredictably. These agree with the verb.

Hanawo

2026-05-07T02:50:38Z

Suqi:

== Phonology ==
Pink: coda only

Blue: onset only

Purple: word-medial onset only

Uncolored: any position
{| class="wikitable"
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" |
! colspan="2" |[[w:Bilabial_consonant|Bilabial]]
! colspan="2" |[[w:Alveolar_consonant|Alveolar]]
! colspan="2" |[[w:Palatal_consonant|Palatal]]
! colspan="3" |[[w:Velar_consonant|Velar]]
! rowspan="2" |[[w:Pharyngeal_consonant|Pharyngeal]]
! rowspan="2" |[[w:Glottal_consonant|Glottal]]
|-
!Plain
![[w:Palatalized_consonant|Palatalized]]
!Plain
![[w:Palatalized_consonant|Palatalized]]
!Plain
![[w:Palatalized_consonant|Palatalized]]
!Plain
![[w:Palatalized_consonant|Palatalized]]
![[w:Labialized_consonant|Labialized]]
|-
! colspan="2" |[[w:Nasal_consonant|Nasal]]
|[[w:IPA_m|m]] m
|[[w:palatalized_consonant|mʲ]] mj
|
|
|
|
|[[w:voiced_velar_nasal|ŋ]] n
|[[w:palatalized_consonant|ŋʲ]] nj
|
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |[[w:Plosive_consonant|Plosive]]
![[w:Aspirated_consonant|Aspirated]]
|
|
| style="background-color: #dcf" |[[w:aspirated_consonant|tʰ]] t
| style="background-color: #dcf" |[[w:palatalized_consonant|tʰʲ]] tj
|
|
|[[w:aspirated_consonant|kʰ]] k
|[[w:palatalized_consonant|kʲʰ]] kj
|[[w:labialized_consonant|kʷʰ]] ku
|
|
|-
![[w:Tenuis_consonant|Tenuis]]
|
|
| style="background-color: #dcf" |[[w:IPA_t|t]] d
| style="background-color: #dcf" |[[w:palatalized_consonant|tʲ]] dj
|
|
|[[w:IPA_k|k]] g
|[[w:palatalized_consonant|kʲ]] gj
|[[w:labialized_consonant|kʷ]] gu
|
| style="background-color: #fde" |[[w:voiceless_glottal_plosive|ʔ]] q
|-
! rowspan="2" |[[w:Affricate_consonant|Affricate]]
![[w:Aspirated_consonant|Aspirated]]
|
|
|[[w:aspirated_consonant|t͡sʰ]] c
|[[w:palatalized_consonant|t͡sʲʰ]] cj
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
![[w:Tenuis_consonant|Tenuis]]
|
|
|t͡s z
|[[w:palatalized_consonant|t͡sʲ]] zj
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |[[w:Fricative_consonant|Fricative]]
![[w:short_consonant|Short]]
|[[w:voiceless_bilabial_fricative|ɸ]] f
|[[w:palatalized_consonant|ɸʲ]] fj
| style="background-color: #def" |[[w:IPA_s|s]] s
|[[w:palatalized_consonant|sʲ]] sj
| style="background-color: #dcf" |[[w:voiceless_alveo-palatal_fricative|ɕ]] sjj
|
| style="background-color: #def" |[[w:IPA_x|x]] x
|[[w:palatalized_consonant|xʲ]] xj
|
| style="background-color: #def" |[[w:voiceless_pharyngeal_fricative|ħ]] h
| style="background-color: #fde" |[[w:voiceless_glottal_fricative|h]] '''''<nowiki/>'''''<nowiki/>'
|-
![[w:Long_consonant|Long]]
|
|
| style="background-color: #def" |[[w:long_consonant|sː]] ss
| colspan="2" style="background-color: #dcf" |[[w:long_consonant|ɕ̟ː]] ssj
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
! colspan="2" |[[w:Glide_consonant|Glide]]
|
|
| style="background-color: #def" |[[w:voiced_alveolar_tap|ɾ]] r
|
|[[w:IPA_j|j]] y
|[[w:voiced_labial-palatal_approximant|ɥ]] v
|[[w:voiced_velar_approximant|ɰ]] w
|[[w:palatalized_consonant|ɰʲ]] wj
|[[w:IPA_w|w]] wu
|
|
|}
# /K(ʷ) Kʲ/ = [K̠(ʷ) K̟]
# /j w/ = [e̯ o̯β]
# kʷʰ kʷ w > pʰ p b / _($)(C)o
# /ħ/ can only precede /e(ː)/ or /a(ː)/
{| class="wikitable"
! rowspan="2" |
! colspan="2" |[[w:front_vowel|Front]]
! colspan="2" |[[w:back_vowel|Back]]
|-
![[w:Short_vowel|Short]]
![[w:Long_vowel|Long]]
![[w:Short_vowel|Short]]
![[w:Long_vowel|Long]]
|-
![[w:close_vowel|Close]]
|[[w:IPA_i|i]] i
|[[w:Long_vowel|iː]] ī
|
|
|-
![[w:mid_vowel|Mid]]
|[[w:IPA_e|e]] e
|[[w:Long_vowel|eː]] ē
|[[w:IPA_o|o]] o
|[[w:Long_vowel|oː]] ō
|-
![[w:open_vowel|Open]]
|
|
|[[w:IPA_a|a]] a
|[[w:Long_vowel|aː]] ā
|}

== Noun Class ==
The following are classes for nouns.

# -o: blooming flower (associated with life, vulnerability, singular success, youth, love (all kinds), the self, spirit, soul, novelty, beginnings)
# -ui: withering flower (associated with death, ends, cumulative success, maturity, wisdom, knowledge)
# -enj: day (associated with colors, grandeur, vastness, the sea, water, light)
# -ī: night (associated with darkness, sleep, dreams, black vs. white, simplicity, revelation)

The following are classes for verbs, adjectives, adverbs and particles that agree with nouns. Adverbs agree with the topic noun. Verbs agree with the patient noun when it is animate. Verbs agree with the agent noun if the patient noun is inanimate.

# -i, -e, -yV: cute
# -a, -ā, -akj: beautiful
# -n: alien

Particles for verbs are marked for familiar (cute and beautiful are merged), and alien classes but unpredictably. These agree with the verb.

Hanawo

2026-05-07T02:24:10Z

Suqi:

== Phonology ==
Pink: coda only

Blue: onset only

Purple: word-medial onset only

Uncolored: any position
{| class="wikitable"
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" |
! colspan="2" |Labial
! colspan="2" |Alveolar
! colspan="2" |Palatal
! colspan="3" |Velar
! rowspan="2" |Pharyngeal
! rowspan="2" |Glottal
|-
!Plain
!Palatalized
!Plain
!Palatalized
!Plain
!Labialized
!Plain
!Palatalized
!Labialized
|-
! colspan="2" |Nasal
|m m
|mʲ mj
|
|
|
|
|ŋ n
|ŋʲ nj
|
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |Plosive
!Aspirated
|
|
| style="background-color: #dcf" |tʰ t
| style="background-color: #dcf" |tʰʲ tj
|
|
|kʰ k
|kʲʰ kj
|kʷʰ ku
|
|
|-
!Tenuis
|
|
| style="background-color: #dcf" |t d
| style="background-color: #dcf" |tʲ dj
|
|
|k g
|kʲ gj
|kʷ gu
|
| style="background-color: #fde" |ʔ q
|-
! rowspan="2" |Affricate
!Aspirated
|
|
|t͡sʰ c
|t͡sʲʰ cj
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
!Tenuis
|
|
|t͡s z
|t͡sʲ zj
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |Fricative
!Short
|ɸ f
|ɸʲ fj
| style="background-color: #def" |s s
|sʲ sj
| style="background-color: #dcf" |ɕ sjj
|
| style="background-color: #def" |x x
|xʲ xj
|
| style="background-color: #def" |ħ h
| style="background-color: #fde" |h '''''<nowiki/>'''''<nowiki/>'
|-
!Long
|
|
| style="background-color: #def" |sː ss
| colspan="2" style="background-color: #dcf" |ɕ̟ː ssj
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
! colspan="2" |Glide
|
|
| style="background-color: #def" |ɾ r
|
|j y
|ɥ v
|ɰ w
|ɰʲ wj
|w wu
|
|
|}
# /K(ʷ) Kʲ/ = [K̠(ʷ) K̟]
# /j w/ = [e̯ o̯β]
# kʷʰ kʷ w > pʰ p b / _($)(C)o
# /ħ/ can only precede /e(ː)/ or /a(ː)/
{| class="wikitable"
!
! colspan="2" |Front
! colspan="2" |Back
|-
!
!Short
!Long
!Short
!Long
|-
!High
|i i
|iː ī
|
|
|-
!Mid
|e e
|eː ē
|o o
|oː ō
|-
!Low
|
|
|a a
|aː ā
|}

== Noun Class ==
The following are classes for nouns.

# -o: blooming flower (associated with life, vulnerability, singular success, youth, love (all kinds), the self, spirit, soul, novelty, beginnings)
# -ui: withering flower (associated with death, ends, cumulative success, maturity, wisdom, knowledge)
# -enj: day (associated with colors, grandeur, vastness, the sea, water, light)
# -ī: night (associated with darkness, sleep, dreams, black vs. white, simplicity, revelation)

The following are classes for verbs, adjectives, adverbs and particles that agree with nouns. Adverbs agree with the topic noun. Verbs agree with the patient noun when it is animate. Verbs agree with the agent noun if the patient noun is inanimate.

# -i, -e, -yV: cute
# -a, -ā, -akj: beautiful
# -n: alien

Particles for verbs are marked for familiar (cute and beautiful are merged), and alien classes but unpredictably. These agree with the verb.

Hanawo

2026-05-07T02:11:33Z

Suqi:

== Phonology ==
Pink: coda only

Blue: onset only

Purple: word-medial onset only

Uncolored: any position
{| class="wikitable"
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" |
! colspan="2" |Labial
! colspan="2" |Alveolar
! colspan="2" |Palatal
! colspan="3" |Velar
! rowspan="2" |Pharyngeal
! rowspan="2" |Glottal
|-
!Plain
!Palatalized
!Plain
!Palatalized
!Plain
!Labialized
!Plain
!Palatalized
!Labialized
|-
! colspan="2" |Nasal
|m m
|mʲ mj
|
|
|
|
|ŋ n
|ŋʲ nj
|
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |Plosive
!Aspirated
|
|
| style="background-color: #dcf" |tʰ t
| style="background-color: #dcf" |tʰʲ tj
|
|
|kʰ k
|kʲʰ kj
|kʷʰ ku
|
|
|-
!Tenuis
|
|
| style="background-color: #dcf" |t d
| style="background-color: #dcf" |tʲ dj
|
|
|k g
|kʲ gj
|kʷ gu
|
| style="background-color: #fde" |ʔ q
|-
! rowspan="2" |Affricate
!Aspirated
|
|
|t͡sʰ c
|t͡sʲʰ cj
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
!Tenuis
|
|
|t͡s z
|t͡sʲ zj
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |Fricative
!Short
|ɸ f
|ɸʲ fj
| style="background-color: #def" |s s
|sʲ sj
| style="background-color: #dcf" |ɕ sjj
|
| style="background-color: #def" |x x
|xʲ xj
|
| style="background-color: #def" |ħ h
| style="background-color: #fde" |h '''''<nowiki/>'''''<nowiki/>'
|-
!Long
|
|
| style="background-color: #def" |sː ss
| colspan="2" style="background-color: #dcf" |ɕ̟ː ssj
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
! colspan="2" |Glide
|
|
| style="background-color: #def" |ɾ r
|
|j y
|ɥ v
|ɰ w
|ɰʲ wj
|w wu
|
|
|}
# kʷʰ kʷ w > pʰ p b / _($)(C)o
# /K(ʷ) Kʲ/ = [K̠(ʷ) K̟]
# /ħ/ can only precede /e(ː)/ or /a(ː)/
{| class="wikitable"
!
! colspan="2" |Front
! colspan="2" |Back
|-
!
!Short
!Long
!Short
!Long
|-
!High
|i i
|iː ī
|
|
|-
!Mid
|e e
|eː ē
|o o
|oː ō
|-
!Low
|
|
|a a
|aː ā
|}

== Noun Class ==
The following are classes for nouns.

# -o: blooming flower (associated with life, vulnerability, singular success, youth, love (all kinds), the self, spirit, soul, novelty, beginnings)
# -ui: withering flower (associated with death, ends, cumulative success, maturity, wisdom, knowledge)
# -enj: day (associated with colors, grandeur, vastness, the sea, water, light)
# -ī: night (associated with darkness, sleep, dreams, black vs. white, simplicity, revelation)

The following are classes for verbs, adjectives, adverbs and particles that agree with nouns. Adverbs agree with the topic noun. Verbs agree with the patient noun when it is animate. Verbs agree with the agent noun if the patient noun is inanimate.

# -i, -e, -yV: cute
# -a, -ā, -akj: beautiful
# -n: alien

Particles for verbs are marked for familiar (cute and beautiful are merged), and alien classes but unpredictably. These agree with the verb.

Shoji

2026-05-07T02:10:24Z

Suqi:

== Phonology ==

=== Consonants ===
Pink: onset only
Blue: word-medial onset only

Uncolored: any position
{| class="wikitable"
! colspan="2" |
!Bilabial
!Alveolar
!Palatal
!Velar
!Uvular
|-
! rowspan="2" |Plosive
!Voiceless
|
|
|
| style="background-color: #fde" |ŋ̊ nh
|
|-
!Voiced
|m m
|n n
|
|ŋ g
|ɴ gu
|-
! rowspan="2" |Plosive
!Aspirated
|
|
|
| style="background-color: #fde" |kʰ kh
|
|-
!Tenuis
|
| style="background-color: #def" |t t
|
| style="background-color: #fde" |k k
|
|-
! colspan="2" |Affricate
|
|
| style="background-color: #def" |dʑʱ j
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |Fricative
!Aspirated
|
| style="background-color: #fde" |sʰ sh
| style="background-color: #fde" |ɕʰ ch
|
|
|-
!Tenuis
|ɸ f
|s s
|ɕ c
| style="background-color: #fde" |x x
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |Glide
!Unrounded
|
|l l
|j y
|ɰ w
|
|-
!Rounded
|
|
|ɥ yu
|w wu
|
|}

# m > mʲ / _{i,e,a}[–RTR]
# ŋ ɴ k x > ɲ ŋʷ k̟ x̟ / _{i,e}
# kʰ > k̟ʰ / _{i,e,a}
# k x > k̠ x̠ / _{a,o}
# kʰ > k̠ʰ / _o
# l > ɾ / {i,e}_{i,e}
# dʑʱi dʑʱiʱ > dʑʑ̩ dʑʱʑ̩ʱ

=== Vowels ===
{| class="wikitable"
! colspan="2" rowspan="3" |
! colspan="4" |Front
! colspan="4" |Back
|-
! colspan="2" |High
! colspan="2" |Low
! colspan="2" |High
! colspan="2" |Low
|-
!-RTR
!+RTR
!-RTR
!+RTR
!-RTR
!+RTR
!-RTR
!+RTR
|-
! rowspan="3" |Close
!Modal
|i í
|i̙ ír
|i i
|i̙ ir
|
|
|
|
|-
!Breathy
|iʱ íh
|i̙ʱ írh
|iʱ ih
|i̙ʱ irh
|
|
|
|
|-
!Glottalized
|iˀ í'
|i̙ˀ ír'
|iˀ i'
|i̙ˀ ir'
|
|
|
|
|-
! rowspan="3" |Mid
!Modal
|e é
|e̙ ér
|e e
|e̙ er
|o ó
|o̙ ór
|o o
|o̙ or
|-
!Breathy
|eʱ éh
|e̙ʱ érh
|eʱ eh
|e̙ʱ erh
|oʱ óh
|o̙ʱ órh
|oʱ oh
|o̙ʱ orh
|-
!Glottalized
|eˀ é'
|e̙ˀ ér'
|eˀ e'
|e̙ˀ er'
|oˀ ó'
|o̙ˀ ór'
|oˀ o'
|o̙ˀ or'
|-
! rowspan="3" |Open
!Modal
|
|
|
|
|a á
|a̙ ár
|a a
|a̙ ar
|-
!Breathy
|
|
|
|
|aʱ áh
|a̙ʱ árh
|aʱ ah
|a̙ʱ arh
|-
!Glottalized
|
|
|
|
|aˀ á'
|a̙ˀ ár'
|aˀ a'
|a̙ˀ ar'
|}

# /V́/ cannot occur after /m n ŋ ɴ t k ɸ s ɕ x/
# /V̀/ cannot occur after /ŋ̊ kʰ dʑʱ sʰ ɕʰ/
# /i̙ e̙ a̙ o̙/ cannot occur after /ŋ kʰ k dʑʱ/
# i i̙ e e̙ a a̙ o o̙ > ʑ̩ i ɪ e ɛ a ø o / {ɕ(ʰ),j}_
# i i̙ e e̙ a a̙ o o̙ > ɨ i ə e ɑ a ɔ o / {ɰ,w}_

== Syntax ==

=== Word Order ===
Note to self: Make changes to word order at any point you would like!

TOP - PP - ADJ - TAM - ADV - A1 - A2 - A3 - V1 - B1 - B2 - B3 - V2 - ADJ - AX - PP

* TOP: A topic is op tional, and primarily only included for emphasis, introduction, change of situation, surprise, questions, and answers.
* PP: The posposition following the topic marks its case if it is not the subject (i.e. agent or highly respected object). Postpositions following postverbal nouns mark their case as well.
* ADJ: Adjectives follow a topic or its postposition. Preverbal nouns cannot have adjectives. Adjectives precede postverbal nouns.
* TAM: TAM is a particle or two marking tense, aspect, and/or mood. Usually, the tense marker is separate from the aspect-mood marker, but it's only used if the implied tense from the AM is inaccurate.
* ADV: Adverbs are only distinguished from arguments if there are few arguments mentioned (typically 3-4, no more than 6). When there are many arguments, any adverbial statements must be converted into arguments themselves, following the verbs.
* A1-3: Arguments 1-3 are the subject, indirect object, and direct object, respectively. They are placed in that exact order when preceding the verb. The order for the others remains intact if one is placed in the position of topic. Arguments 1-3 retain their order but are all placed after the verbs if any one of them (that is not the topic) is modified by an adjective. When any of the 3 arguments are omitted, a prefix with the personhood and obviation of the omitted argument(s) is attached to the first verb.
* V1: Verb 1 is the main verb.
* B1-3: These are arguments 1-3 but of Verb 2 rather than Verb 1. These arguments cannot be modified, topicalized, or placed after the verbs.
* V2: Verb 2 is a finite verb, where the order of V1-V2 is a converb. Any arguments beyond the primary three for Verb 2 cannot be included in the same sentence.
* AX: Arguments X are the miscellaneous arguments of Verb 1.

=== Adjectives ===
Adjectives all end in -ó.

Shoji

2026-05-07T02:05:25Z

Suqi: Created page with "== Phonology == === Consonants === Pink: onset only Blue: word-medial onset only Uncolored: any position {| class="wikitable" ! colspan="2" | !Bilabial !Alveolar !Palatal !Velar !Uvular |- ! rowspan="2" |Plosive !Voiceless | | | |ŋ̊ nh | |- !Voiced |m m |n n | |ŋ g |ɴ gu |- ! rowspan="2" |Plosive !Aspirated | | | |kʰ kh | |- !Tenuis | |t t | |k k | |- ! colspan="2" |Affricate | | |dʑʱ j | | |- ! rowspan="2" |Fricative !Aspirated | |sʰ sh |ɕʰ ch | | |- !Tenuis..."

== Phonology ==

=== Consonants ===
Pink: onset only
Blue: word-medial onset only

Uncolored: any position
{| class="wikitable"
! colspan="2" |
!Bilabial
!Alveolar
!Palatal
!Velar
!Uvular
|-
! rowspan="2" |Plosive
!Voiceless
|
|
|
|ŋ̊ nh
|
|-
!Voiced
|m m
|n n
|
|ŋ g
|ɴ gu
|-
! rowspan="2" |Plosive
!Aspirated
|
|
|
|kʰ kh
|
|-
!Tenuis
|
|t t
|
|k k
|
|-
! colspan="2" |Affricate
|
|
|dʑʱ j
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |Fricative
!Aspirated
|
|sʰ sh
|ɕʰ ch
|
|
|-
!Tenuis
|ɸ f
|s s
|ɕ c
|x x
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |Glide
!Unrounded
|
|l l
|j y
|ɰ w
|
|-
!Rounded
|
|
|ɥ yu
|w wu
|
|}

# m > mʲ / _{i,e,a}[–RTR]
# ŋ ɴ k x > ɲ ŋʷ k̟ x̟ / _{i,e}
# kʰ > k̟ʰ / _{i,e,a}
# k x > k̠ x̠ / _{a,o}
# kʰ > k̠ʰ / _o
# l > ɾ / {i,e}_{i,e}
# dʑʱi dʑʱiʱ > dʑʑ̩ dʑʱʑ̩ʱ

=== Vowels ===
{| class="wikitable"
! colspan="2" rowspan="3" |
! colspan="4" |Front
! colspan="4" |Back
|-
! colspan="2" |High
! colspan="2" |Low
! colspan="2" |High
! colspan="2" |Low
|-
!-RTR
!+RTR
!-RTR
!+RTR
!-RTR
!+RTR
!-RTR
!+RTR
|-
! rowspan="3" |Close
!Modal
|i í
|i̙ ír
|i i
|i̙ ir
|
|
|
|
|-
!Breathy
|iʱ íh
|i̙ʱ írh
|iʱ ih
|i̙ʱ irh
|
|
|
|
|-
!Glottalized
|iˀ í'
|i̙ˀ ír'
|iˀ i'
|i̙ˀ ir'
|
|
|
|
|-
! rowspan="3" |Mid
!Modal
|e é
|e̙ ér
|e e
|e̙ er
|o ó
|o̙ ór
|o o
|o̙ or
|-
!Breathy
|eʱ éh
|e̙ʱ érh
|eʱ eh
|e̙ʱ erh
|oʱ óh
|o̙ʱ órh
|oʱ oh
|o̙ʱ orh
|-
!Glottalized
|eˀ é'
|e̙ˀ ér'
|eˀ e'
|e̙ˀ er'
|oˀ ó'
|o̙ˀ ór'
|oˀ o'
|o̙ˀ or'
|-
! rowspan="3" |Open
!Modal
|
|
|
|
|a á
|a̙ ár
|a a
|a̙ ar
|-
!Breathy
|
|
|
|
|aʱ áh
|a̙ʱ árh
|aʱ ah
|a̙ʱ arh
|-
!Glottalized
|
|
|
|
|aˀ á'
|a̙ˀ ár'
|aˀ a'
|a̙ˀ ar'
|}

# /V́/ cannot occur after /m n ŋ ɴ t k ɸ s ɕ x/
# /V̀/ cannot occur after /ŋ̊ kʰ dʑʱ sʰ ɕʰ/
# /i̙ e̙ a̙ o̙/ cannot occur after /ŋ kʰ k dʑʱ/
# i i̙ e e̙ a a̙ o o̙ > ʑ̩ i ɪ e ɛ a ø o / {ɕ(ʰ),j}_
# i i̙ e e̙ a a̙ o o̙ > ɨ i ə e ɑ a ɔ o / {ɰ,w}_

== Syntax ==

=== Word Order ===
Note to self: Make changes to word order at any point you would like!

TOP - PP - ADJ - TAM - ADV - A1 - A2 - A3 - V1 - B1 - B2 - B3 - V2 - ADJ - AX - PP

* TOP: A topic is op tional, and primarily only included for emphasis, introduction, change of situation, surprise, questions, and answers.
* PP: The posposition following the topic marks its case if it is not the subject (i.e. agent or highly respected object). Postpositions following postverbal nouns mark their case as well.
* ADJ: Adjectives follow a topic or its postposition. Preverbal nouns cannot have adjectives. Adjectives precede postverbal nouns.
* TAM: TAM is a particle or two marking tense, aspect, and/or mood. Usually, the tense marker is separate from the aspect-mood marker, but it's only used if the implied tense from the AM is inaccurate.
* ADV: Adverbs are only distinguished from arguments if there are few arguments mentioned (typically 3-4, no more than 6). When there are many arguments, any adverbial statements must be converted into arguments themselves, following the verbs.
* A1-3: Arguments 1-3 are the subject, indirect object, and direct object, respectively. They are placed in that exact order when preceding the verb. The order for the others remains intact if one is placed in the position of topic. Arguments 1-3 retain their order but are all placed after the verbs if any one of them (that is not the topic) is modified by an adjective. When any of the 3 arguments are omitted, a prefix with the personhood and obviation of the omitted argument(s) is attached to the first verb.
* V1: Verb 1 is the main verb.
* B1-3: These are arguments 1-3 but of Verb 2 rather than Verb 1. These arguments cannot be modified, topicalized, or placed after the verbs.
* V2: Verb 2 is a finite verb, where the order of V1-V2 is a converb. Any arguments beyond the primary three for Verb 2 cannot be included in the same sentence.
* AX: Arguments X are the miscellaneous arguments of Verb 1.

=== Adjectives ===
Adjectives all end in -ó.

Hanawo

2026-05-07T01:59:43Z

Suqi: Created page with "== Phonology == Pink: coda only Blue: onset only Purple: word-medial onset only Uncolored: any position {| class="wikitable" ! colspan="2" rowspan="2" | ! colspan="2" |Labial ! colspan="2" |Alveolar ! colspan="2" |Palatal ! colspan="3" |Velar ! rowspan="2" |Pharyngeal ! rowspan="2" |Glottal |- !Plain !Palatalized !Plain !Palatalized !Plain !Labialized !Plain !Palatalized !Labialized |- ! colspan="2" |Nasal |m m |mʲ mj | | | | |ŋ n |ŋʲ nj | | | |- ! rowspan="2" |Pl..."

== Phonology ==
Pink: coda only

Blue: onset only

Purple: word-medial onset only

Uncolored: any position
{| class="wikitable"
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" |
! colspan="2" |Labial
! colspan="2" |Alveolar
! colspan="2" |Palatal
! colspan="3" |Velar
! rowspan="2" |Pharyngeal
! rowspan="2" |Glottal
|-
!Plain
!Palatalized
!Plain
!Palatalized
!Plain
!Labialized
!Plain
!Palatalized
!Labialized
|-
! colspan="2" |Nasal
|m m
|mʲ mj
|
|
|
|
|ŋ n
|ŋʲ nj
|
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |Plosive
!Aspirated
|
|
|tʰ t
|tʰʲ tj
|
|
|kʰ k
|kʲʰ kj
|kʷʰ ku
|
|
|-
!Tenuis
|
|
|t d
|tʲ dj
|
|
|k g
|kʲ gj
|kʷ gu
|
|ʔ q
|-
! rowspan="2" |Affricate
!Aspirated
|
|
|t͡sʰ c
|t͡sʲʰ cj
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
!Tenuis
|
|
|t͡s z
|t͡sʲ zj
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |Fricative
!Short
|ɸ f
|ɸʲ fj
|s s
|sʲ sj
|ɕ sjj
|
|x x
|xʲ xj
|
|ħ h
|h '
|-
!Long
|
|
|sː ss
| colspan="2" |ɕ̟ː ssj
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
! colspan="2" |Glide
|
|
|ɾ r
|
|j y
|ɥ v
|ɰ w
|ɰʲ wj
|w wu
|
|
|}
kʷʰ kʷ w > pʰ p b / _($)(C)o

/K(ʷ) Kʲ/ = [K̠(ʷ) K̟]

/ħ/ can only precede /e(ː)/ or /a(ː)/
{| class="wikitable"
!
! colspan="2" |Front
! colspan="2" |Back
|-
!
!Short
!Long
!Short
!Long
|-
!High
|i i
|iː ī
|
|
|-
!Mid
|e e
|eː ē
|o o
|oː ō
|-
!Low
|
|
|a a
|aː ā
|}

== Noun Class ==
The following are classes for nouns.

# -o: blooming flower (associated with life, vulnerability, singular success, youth, love (all kinds), the self, spirit, soul, novelty, beginnings)
# -ui: withering flower (associated with death, ends, cumulative success, maturity, wisdom, knowledge)
# -enj: day (associated with colors, grandeur, vastness, the sea, water, light)
# -ī: night (associated with darkness, sleep, dreams, black vs. white, simplicity, revelation)

The following are classes for verbs, adjectives, adverbs and particles that agree with nouns. Adverbs agree with the topic noun. Verbs agree with the patient noun when it is animate. Verbs agree with the agent noun if the patient noun is inanimate.

# -i, -e, -yV: cute
# -a, -ā, -akj: beautiful
# -n: alien

Particles for verbs are marked for familiar (cute and beautiful are merged), and alien classes but unpredictably. These agree with the verb.

User:Suqi

2026-05-07T01:57:52Z

Suqi:

Hello, I am Suqi or Suq (any pronunciation). I started conlanging in 2018 when I made [[Iskel]]. I enjoy learning about phonetics, space, and the things they be doing in the quantum thingamajigs.

I speak English natively and am like one quarter conversational in Spanish. I am, albeit slowly, trying to learn Japanese and Iskel.

== Conlangs ==
=== Active Development ===
* ''[[Iskel]]'' – [ˈis.kel]
** A personal conlang, partly engelang. It was initially a posteriori with influence from '''I'''talian, '''S'''panish, '''K'''orean, '''E'''nglish, and '''L'''atin, but later iterations make attempts to make it be more a priori. This language is the embodiment of my pedantism and war on ambiguity.
* ''[[Iwáxa Tui]]'' – [iˈwɐ.ʔa ˈtu.i]
** A personal conlang that I'm still figuring out. Likely will have strong connections to sailing.
*''[[Nga]]'' – [ŋɑ]
**A personal conlang with many compound words composed only of monosyllabic roots.
*''[[Mirmio]]'' – [mʲiɽ˨˦˨.mʲi͡o]
**A personal conlang loosely based on cats.
*''[[Hanawo]] –'' [ħaŋ̠aβ̞o]
*''[[Shoji]] –'' [sʰód͡ʑʑ̩́]

=== Well Developed ===
* ''[[Ketchup]]''
** A cursed joke language designed for user suffering. It has many wild and random features that make fluency for humans dubious, but has a solid population of human-ish speakers in its home universe. I love this language to death but it takes HOURS TO TRANSLATE ANYTHING MORE THAN A WORD PLEASE I'M NOT STRONG ENOUGH TO WORK ON THIS ANYMORE
* ''[[Ndu Biliva]]'' – [ndʉ̆ bĭ̞lĭ̞β̞æ̆]
** A personal minimalist conlang inspired by a [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QwdbFNGCkLw&pp=ygUMaWV2YW4gcG9sa2th nightcore Hatsune Miku cover of Ievan Polkka].

=== Moderately Developed ===
* ''[[Kamogi]]'' – [kaˈmoɡi]
** An artistic language based around the relationship between motion and non-motion in an action.
* ''[[Kyngar]]'' – [ˈkyŋaɾ]
** A conlang that uses morphosyntax and multiple suffix forms to condense concepts into brief words or sentences with simple relationships.
* ''[[Malysá]]'' – [maʎs̪á]
** An artistic language inspired by Japanese and Khoekhoe in which I use non-naturalistic features based on naturalistic features to make a language I find fun to translate things into.

=== Poorly Developed ===
* ''[[Evilllang]]''
** A cursed artistic language with a theme of immoral, illegal, and cartoonishly evil behavior.
* ''[[I language|i]]'' – [i]
** A minimalist international auxiliary language intended to create a manner of communication that involves very little complexity, whether that be phonological, grammatical, semantic, or pragmatic. The intent is to make it easy and intuitive to learn from any linguistic background.
* ''[[KWMs]]'' – [ʷǂ͡ʘs]
** An artistic language with only consonants, mostly clicks, inspired by the [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CkSo0WIVNcw&pp=ygUYbGltYmVyd2lzayBodXNoIGxhbmd1YWdl Hush language].
* ''[[Nllhaa]]'' – [nɬːaː]
** A personal artistic language with phonoaesthetics I mentally associate with Christmas, and somewhat inspired by the Sámi languages.
* ''[[Xui]]'' – [ʂʲʉi]
** An artistic language designed to sound soft and cute.

=== Developed in Communion with the Devil ===
These are languages that I plan to develop further after having been given the starting point by a non-human entity.
* ''[[Australian dream language]] (placeholder name)''
** The initial information on this language was revealed to me in a dream in which I had discovered an Australian Aboriginal language with a rather cursed phonology. Upon waking up, I decided to make this language a reality.
* ''[[Ikai Taa]] and its dialects: [[!Xóõj]], [[!Xõj]], [[!Xõ]], and [[ǁ*ǁ*]]''
** The initial information on this set of languages was generated by the now-defunct [https://inferkit.com/ Inferkit AI] when I asked it for a description of the !Xóõ language. The resulting generation was so funny that I decided I would develop what it generated further into its own cursed language keeping in the spirit of what the AI had written.

User:Suqi

2026-05-07T01:26:06Z

Suqi: /* Active Development */

Hello, I am Suqi or Suq (any pronunciation). I started conlanging in 2018 when I made [[Iskel]]. I enjoy learning about phonetics, space, and the things they be doing in the quantum thingamajigs.

I speak English natively and am like one quarter conversational in Spanish. I am, albeit slowly, trying to learn Japanese and Iskel.

== Conlangs ==
=== Active Development ===
* ''[[Iskel]]'' – [ˈis.kel]
** A personal conlang, partly engelang. It was initially a posteriori with influence from '''I'''talian, '''S'''panish, '''K'''orean, '''E'''nglish, and '''L'''atin, but later iterations make attempts to make it be more a priori. This language is the embodiment of my pedantism and war on ambiguity.
* ''[[Iwáxa Tui]]'' – [iˈwɐ.ʔa ˈtu.i]
** A personal conlang that I'm still figuring out. Likely will have strong connections to sailing.
*''[[Nga]]'' – [ŋɑ]
**A personal conlang with many compound words composed only of monosyllabic roots.
*''[[Mirmio]]'' – [mʲiɽ˨˦˨.mʲi͡o]
**A personal conlang loosely based on cats.

=== Well Developed ===
* ''[[Ketchup]]''
** A cursed joke language designed for user suffering. It has many wild and random features that make fluency for humans dubious, but has a solid population of human-ish speakers in its home universe. I love this language to death but it takes HOURS TO TRANSLATE ANYTHING MORE THAN A WORD PLEASE I'M NOT STRONG ENOUGH TO WORK ON THIS ANYMORE
* ''[[Ndu Biliva]]'' – [ndʉ̆ bĭ̞lĭ̞β̞æ̆]
** A personal minimalist conlang inspired by a [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QwdbFNGCkLw&pp=ygUMaWV2YW4gcG9sa2th nightcore Hatsune Miku cover of Ievan Polkka].

=== Moderately Developed ===
* ''[[Kamogi]]'' – [kaˈmoɡi]
** An artistic language based around the relationship between motion and non-motion in an action.
* ''[[Kyngar]]'' – [ˈkyŋaɾ]
** A conlang that uses morphosyntax and multiple suffix forms to condense concepts into brief words or sentences with simple relationships.
* ''[[Malysá]]'' – [maʎs̪á]
** An artistic language inspired by Japanese and Khoekhoe in which I use non-naturalistic features based on naturalistic features to make a language I find fun to translate things into.

=== Poorly Developed ===
* ''[[Evilllang]]''
** A cursed artistic language with a theme of immoral, illegal, and cartoonishly evil behavior.
* ''[[I language|i]]'' – [i]
** A minimalist international auxiliary language intended to create a manner of communication that involves very little complexity, whether that be phonological, grammatical, semantic, or pragmatic. The intent is to make it easy and intuitive to learn from any linguistic background.
* ''[[KWMs]]'' – [ʷǂ͡ʘs]
** An artistic language with only consonants, mostly clicks, inspired by the [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CkSo0WIVNcw&pp=ygUYbGltYmVyd2lzayBodXNoIGxhbmd1YWdl Hush language].
* ''[[Nllhaa]]'' – [nɬːaː]
** A personal artistic language with phonoaesthetics I mentally associate with Christmas, and somewhat inspired by the Sámi languages.
* ''[[Xui]]'' – [ʂʲʉi]
** An artistic language designed to sound soft and cute.

=== Developed in Communion with the Devil ===
These are languages that I plan to develop further after having been given the starting point by a non-human entity.
* ''[[Australian dream language]] (placeholder name)''
** The initial information on this language was revealed to me in a dream in which I had discovered an Australian Aboriginal language with a rather cursed phonology. Upon waking up, I decided to make this language a reality.
* ''[[Ikai Taa]] and its dialects: [[!Xóõj]], [[!Xõj]], [[!Xõ]], and [[ǁ*ǁ*]]''
** The initial information on this set of languages was generated by the now-defunct [https://inferkit.com/ Inferkit AI] when I asked it for a description of the !Xóõ language. The resulting generation was so funny that I decided I would develop what it generated further into its own cursed language keeping in the spirit of what the AI had written.

Magikoe

2026-04-25T23:25:22Z

Suqi: /* Nouns */

'''Magikoe''' [máɟìkó͜e] is a language.

== Phonology ==
{| class="wikitable"
! colspan="2" |
!Labial
!Alveolar
!Palatal
!Velar
!Glottal
|-
! colspan="2" |Nasal
|m '''m'''
|n '''n'''
|ɲ '''ny'''
|
|
|-
! rowspan="3" |Plosive
!Aspirate
|
|tʰ '''t'''
|
|kʰ '''q'''
|
|-
!Tenuis
|p '''p'''
|t '''d'''
|c '''c'''
|k '''k'''
|ʔ '''’'''
|-
!Voiced
|b '''b'''
|
|
|ɡ '''g'''
|
|-
! colspan="2" |Affricate
|
|t͡s '''ts'''
|t͡ʃ '''ch'''
|
|
|-
! colspan="2" |Fricative
|ɸ '''f'''
|
|
|
|h '''h'''
|-
! colspan="2" |Glide
|w̃ '''w'''
|ɾ '''r'''
|j '''y'''
|
|
|}
{| class="wikitable"
!
! colspan="4" |Front
! colspan="4" |Back
|-
!Close
|i '''i'''
|iː '''ī'''
|
|
|u '''u'''
|uː '''ū'''
|ʉi '''ui'''
|uo '''uo'''
|-
!Mid
|e '''e'''
|eː '''ē'''
|ei '''ei'''
|
|o '''o'''
|oː '''ō'''
|oe '''oe'''
|
|-
!Open
|a '''a'''
|aː '''ā'''
|ai '''ai'''
|au '''au'''
|
|
|
|
|}
There is word-initial stress which is high tone.

/j/ is phonetically front mid [e̯]

Vːm > Ṽːʉ̃ / _%

in un en on an > ĩ(ɲ) ʉ̃(n) ẽ(j̃) ɵ̃(ŋ) ãn / _%

n ɡ e̯ > ɲ ɟ i̯ / _i

V̀ > V̄ / {tʰ,kʰ,ɸ,h}_

== Syntax ==
The word order is Place-Verb-Time-Topic-coverb-Noun-CaseNoun.

The topic overlaps strongly with the typical object of a sentence, as it is given much more importance than the agent in most cases outside of when the agent is being emphasized. Verbs with English translations that imply the subject's agency do not necessarily translate as giving the topic agency in the syntax of Magikoe. An example of this being the verb ''rewo'' meaning "to play music". The sentence ''Huru rewori ko''' translates to "The dog is listening to music" even though the direct translation would say "The dog is playing music". The music is being played, but the topic is not the player of the music.

The topic must be any part of speech. When the topic is not a noun, the preceding word receives the clitic ''-re''.

Adjectives follow nouns they modify.

The place word is not inflected for anything and can be any part of speech.

The post-coverb noun denotes whichever noun fulfills a second role implied by the verb, used for transitive statements.

The verb, topic, and coverb are obligatory in complete sentences. Responses, corrections, and statements of surprise can omit any of them, but the coverb cannot be said alone.

== Morphology ==

=== Number ===
Plurals are formed by adding -''i'' after a word. The vowels /e/, /u/, and /o/ become /eː/, /ʉi/, and /oː/ instead. Plurals are placed after grammatical gender, and only on nouns.

=== Modifiers ===
Modifiers are not marked for plurality, but nouns marked as plurals may become modifiers. In those cases, they take on an additional lexical meaning rather than denoting plurality.

Adjectives are formed by adding ''-e'' after a word. The vowels /e/ and /o/ become /ei and /oi/ instead. The consonant /ʔ/ becomes /c/ instead. Coda /m n/ do not undergo allophony and instead become onset [m ɲ] to the prefix.

=== Gender ===
There are two genders, masculine and feminine, though they do not correspond to masculinity and feminity when applied to humans. They are marked on nouns, verbs, and coverbs.

The first noun (topic) and second noun always have their own gender. Nouns that follow the second noun always agree with the second noun. Nouns in a clause modifying the topic agree with the gender of the topic. Nouns in a clause modifying a non-topic noun or other word agree with the opposite gender of the word they're modifying, a feature called "gender disagreement". Although adjectives are not marked for gender, adjectives are still said to agree with nouns because in clauses modifying an adjective, it's the noun's gender that is disagreed with.

On nouns modified by an adjective, the noun is suffixed by ''-n'' for the feminine and ''-a'' for the masculine. If the feminine suffix follows /n/, it becomes /no/; if it follows /m/, it replaces it and becomes /nne/; and if it follows /ʔ/, it replaces it and becomes /na/. The masculine suffix replaces preceding /ai/ and monophthongs except for /e/ and /u/. When following /a/ or /oe/, the masculine suffix becomes /ja/.

On nouns not modified by an adjective, masculine and feminine nouns are prefixed or dysfixed near the beginning of the word in the following ways:
{| class="wikitable"
!
! colspan="20" |Word-Initial Consonant
|-
!Unmarked
!/Ø/
!/m/
!/n/
!/ɲ/
!/tʰ/
!/kʰ/
!/p/
!/t/
!/c/
!/k/
!/ʔ/
!/b/
!/ɡ/
!/t͡s/
!/t͡ʃ/
!/ɸ/
!/h/
!/w̃/
!/ɾ/
!/j/
|-
!Feminine
|/m/
|/b/
|/ɾ/
|/ɡ/
|/kʰ/
|/k/
|/ɸ/
|/tʰ/
|/t͡ʃ/
|/kʰ/
|/h/
|/w̃/
|/j/
|/kʰ/
|/t͡ʃi/
|/h/
|/ɸ/
|/o/
|/Ø/
|/ej/
|-
!Masculine
|/h/
|/w̃/
|/t/
|/t͡ʃ/
|/h/
|/ɡ/
|/m/
|/n/
|/ɲ/
|/ʔ/
|/k/
|/w̃/
|/kʰ/
|/tʰ/
|/c/
|/m/
|/ʔ/
|/b/
|/j/
|/Ø/
|}
Verbs agree with the gender of the topic. On vebs, feminine gender is marked with the suffix -''ri'', which elides any preceding consonant, postvocalic /i/, or postnasal /u/, and raises preceding /o/ to [u] if the /o/ after a nasal. The masculine gender is marked with the suffix ''-am'' which combines with word-final vowels /i e u o a/ to make /jaːm eːm oːm aːm am/.

Coverbs agree with the gender of the noun following them. If there is no noun, they are not inflected for gender. The feminine gender is marked with the suffix -''ya'', replacing the preceding vowel or consonant, and the masculine gender is marked with the suffix ''-ta'', which becomes ''-da'' after /m n ʔ/, with /m n/ being deleted.

=== Cases ===
There are no syntactic role-marking cases as these are always defined by the semantics of a verb. Cases are marked with suffixes that fuse with gender markers.
{| class="wikitable"
! colspan="3" |
!Instrumental
!Lative
!Vocative
!Benefactive
!Translative
|-
! rowspan="10" |Basic
! rowspan="4" |Singular
!-Ø
| -de
| -ki
| -u
| -ō
| -tse
|-
!-m
| -mbe
| -mbi
| -mon
| -mō
| -mde
|-
!-n
| -nre
| -ngi
| -non
| -nō
| -nhe
|-
!-'
| -'e
| -'ke
| -'u
| -o
| -'te
|-
! rowspan="6" |Plural
!-i
| -e
| -i'i
| -yu
| -yo
| -iche
|-
!-ē
| -ēi
| -ē'
| -ēm
| -ēu
| -ēhe
|-
!-ō
| -ōe
| -ō'
| -ōm
| -ōwo
| -ōfe
|-
!-mi
| -mie
| -mi'
| -mun
| -miu
| -ntse
|-
!-ni
| -nye
| -nki
| -nun
| -nyu
| -nche
|-
!-'i
| -ce
| -'ki
| -cun
| -cu
| -itse
|-
! rowspan="8" |Feminine
! rowspan="4" |Singular
!-n
| -ne
| -ni
| -m
| -mo
| -chi
|-
!-no
| -no'
| -noi
| -nōn
| -nō
| -node
|-
!-ne
| -ne'
| -nei
| -neon
| -neo
| -nechi
|-
!-na
| -na'
| -na'i
| -nam
| -nau
| -nae
|-
! rowspan="4" |Plural
!-ni
| -ni'
| -nī
| -nyum
| -yō
| -ite
|-
!-nō
| -nōe
| -nō'i
| -nūm
| -nōu
| -ote
|-
!-nē
| -nēyi
| -nē'i
| -nēum
| -nēo
| -ete
|-
!-nai
| -naye
| -nahi
| -naun
| -nayu
| -aite
|-
! rowspan="2" |Masculine
!Singular
!-a
| -a'
| -ayi
| -ām
| -ā
| -ate
|-
!Plural
!-ai
| -ae
| -eyi
| -aun
| -ayo
| -eite
|}

== Lexicon ==

=== Pronouns ===
{| class="wikitable"
! colspan="2" rowspan="3" |
! colspan="5" |1P
! colspan="3" |2P
! colspan="2" |3P
! rowspan="3" |Generic
|-
! rowspan="2" |Numberless
! rowspan="2" |Semiplural
! colspan="3" |Plural
! rowspan="2" |Numberless
! rowspan="2" |Semiplural
!Plural
! rowspan="2" |Numberless
! rowspan="2" |Semiplural
|-
!Narrow Inclusive
!Broad Inclusive
!Exclusive
!Broad Inclusive
|-
! rowspan="2" |Feminine
!Typical
| rowspan="2" |men
|en ka'
|aen qi
|aen te
|aon te
| rowspan="2" |ki
|qin ka'
|qin ho
| rowspan="2" |go
|nyon ka'
|no nyo
|-
!Rapid
|enga
|enki
|ende
|ande
|qinga
|qinyo
|nyonga
|noyo
|-
! rowspan="2" |Masculine
!Typical
| rowspan="2" |hen
|ma ka'
|ara qi
|ara te
|ā te
| rowspan="2" |gi
|qa ka'
|qa ho
| rowspan="2" |cho
|nya ka'
|na nyo
|-
!Rapid
|maga
|raki
|rade
|ade
|qaga
|qao
|nyaga
|nayo
|}

==== Number ====
Numberless pronouns can be used for both singular and plural contexts, but not if the plurality extends into another personhood category. Semiplurals are generic pronouns but with an emphasis on a specific personhood (e.g. the first person semiplural is a generic pronoun with an emphasis on the speaker).

==== Generic Pronouns ====
Feminine generic pronouns are more aptly described animate generic pronouns, and the masculine generic pronouns inanimate generic pronouns. The former refers only to people or willing agents, while the latter refers only to non-living things, patients, or unwilling agents.

==== Clusivity ====
When the plurality extends into another personhood category, the pronoun is marked for clusivity. There are three types of clusivity: narrow inclusive, broad inclusive, and exclusive. Narrow inclusivity refers to the exclusion of third person. Broad inclusivity refers to the inclusion of third person. Exclusivity refers to the exclusion of second person.

==== Formality ====
First person semiplural is used most often in formal speech. Second person semiplural is used most often by a social superior to a social inferior. Third person semiplural is most often used in informal speech.

Rapid pronoun forms only occur in informal or neutral formality speech, not formal or very informal speech.

Very informal speech, regardless of speech speed, uses only one pronoun ''ka'' for all semiplurals.

=== Nouns ===
arm: batso (matso, F)

cat: māchi (pāchi, M)

chest: ofu (rofu, F)

cloud: ōfe (yōfe, M)

dawn: amwai (ramwai, F)

day: eo (reo, F)

[[Dochiroe]]: [[Contionary:Dochiroe#Magikoe|Dochiroe]] (Nochiroe, M)

dog: furu (puru, F)

dusk: 'ohoe (hohoe, M)

ear: hemyi (emyi, M)

elbow: hanro (fanro, F)

eye: kui (qui, F)

face: hapi (api, M)

foot: mami (ami, F)

hair: mochi (ochi, F)

hand: tatsi (datsi, F)

head: ita (yita, M)

hips: hoedai (oedai, M)

human: magi (agi, F)

knee: toko (doko, F)

lake: 'egi (hegi, M)

leg: awa (rawa, F)

'''Magikoe''': [[Contionary:Magikoe#Magikoe|Magikoe]] (Agikoe, F)

moon: kōm (F)

neck: hamdo (M)

night: ie (M)

nose: imu (M)

page: ka'a (F)

paper: magu (F)

pen: noede (F)

rain: imai (F)

river: ūrei (F)

sea: tanga (M)

shoulder: omuo (M)

stars: ipari (F)

sun: heo (F)

tongue: koe ('oe, M)

waist: onī (M)

=== Verb ===
come: abu (as a coverb, denotes futureness or purpose)

give: ene (as a coverb, denotes benefit or positivity)

have: a'da (as a coverb, denotes pastness, completion, or experience)

leave: tetso (as a coverb, denotes purpose, unknown outcome or freedom)

lie down: funui (as a coverb, denotes ease, ability, or willingness)

play music: rewo

see: mei

sit: ko' (as a coverb, denotes presentness or focus)

speak: watsai (as a coverb, denotes hearsay, hypotheticals, or concepts)

stay: qoi (as a coverb, denotes simultaneity)

write: tamu

Contionary:Magikoe

2026-04-25T23:24:21Z

Suqi: Created page with "== Magikoe == <includeonly><onlyinclude> === Alternative forms === </includeonly></onlyinclude> === Etymology === From ''magi'' (“person”) + ''koe'' (“tongue”). === Pronunciation === * IPA: {{IPA|/maɡikoe/ [má.ɟì.kòe̯]}} === Noun === '''Magikoe''' {{sc|fem}} (''uninflected'' '''Agikoe''', ''masculine'' '''Hagikoe''') # The Magikoe language. #: ''Enchō watsari '''Magikoe'''..."

== Magikoe ==
<includeonly><onlyinclude>
=== Alternative forms ===
</includeonly></onlyinclude>
=== Etymology ===
From ''[[contionary:magi#Magikoe|magi]]'' (“person”) + ''[[contionary:koe#Magikoe|koe]]'' (“tongue”).

=== Pronunciation ===
* [[Guide:IPA|IPA]]: {{IPA|/maɡikoe/ [má.ɟì.kòe̯]}}

=== Noun ===
'''Magikoe''' {{sc|fem}} (''uninflected'' '''[[Agikoe]]''', ''masculine'' '''[[Hagikoe]]''')

# The [[Magikoe]] language.
#: ''Enchō watsari '''Magikoe''' koya magī.''
#:: '''''Magikoe''' is spoken on Earth by humans.''
<includeonly><onlyinclude>
==== Usage notes ====

==== Derived terms ====
</includeonly></onlyinclude>
==== Inflection ====
{{User:Suqi/Template:Magikoe A-e decl|giko}}
<includeonly><onlyinclude>
==== Synonyms ====

==== Related terms ====
</includeonly></onlyinclude>
[[Category:Magikoe lemmas]]
[[Category:Magikoe nouns]]
[[Category:Magikoe words]]

Magikoe

2026-04-25T23:13:31Z

Suqi: /* Gender */

'''Magikoe''' [máɟìkó͜e] is a language.

== Phonology ==
{| class="wikitable"
! colspan="2" |
!Labial
!Alveolar
!Palatal
!Velar
!Glottal
|-
! colspan="2" |Nasal
|m '''m'''
|n '''n'''
|ɲ '''ny'''
|
|
|-
! rowspan="3" |Plosive
!Aspirate
|
|tʰ '''t'''
|
|kʰ '''q'''
|
|-
!Tenuis
|p '''p'''
|t '''d'''
|c '''c'''
|k '''k'''
|ʔ '''’'''
|-
!Voiced
|b '''b'''
|
|
|ɡ '''g'''
|
|-
! colspan="2" |Affricate
|
|t͡s '''ts'''
|t͡ʃ '''ch'''
|
|
|-
! colspan="2" |Fricative
|ɸ '''f'''
|
|
|
|h '''h'''
|-
! colspan="2" |Glide
|w̃ '''w'''
|ɾ '''r'''
|j '''y'''
|
|
|}
{| class="wikitable"
!
! colspan="4" |Front
! colspan="4" |Back
|-
!Close
|i '''i'''
|iː '''ī'''
|
|
|u '''u'''
|uː '''ū'''
|ʉi '''ui'''
|uo '''uo'''
|-
!Mid
|e '''e'''
|eː '''ē'''
|ei '''ei'''
|
|o '''o'''
|oː '''ō'''
|oe '''oe'''
|
|-
!Open
|a '''a'''
|aː '''ā'''
|ai '''ai'''
|au '''au'''
|
|
|
|
|}
There is word-initial stress which is high tone.

/j/ is phonetically front mid [e̯]

Vːm > Ṽːʉ̃ / _%

in un en on an > ĩ(ɲ) ʉ̃(n) ẽ(j̃) ɵ̃(ŋ) ãn / _%

n ɡ e̯ > ɲ ɟ i̯ / _i

V̀ > V̄ / {tʰ,kʰ,ɸ,h}_

== Syntax ==
The word order is Place-Verb-Time-Topic-coverb-Noun-CaseNoun.

The topic overlaps strongly with the typical object of a sentence, as it is given much more importance than the agent in most cases outside of when the agent is being emphasized. Verbs with English translations that imply the subject's agency do not necessarily translate as giving the topic agency in the syntax of Magikoe. An example of this being the verb ''rewo'' meaning "to play music". The sentence ''Huru rewori ko''' translates to "The dog is listening to music" even though the direct translation would say "The dog is playing music". The music is being played, but the topic is not the player of the music.

The topic must be any part of speech. When the topic is not a noun, the preceding word receives the clitic ''-re''.

Adjectives follow nouns they modify.

The place word is not inflected for anything and can be any part of speech.

The post-coverb noun denotes whichever noun fulfills a second role implied by the verb, used for transitive statements.

The verb, topic, and coverb are obligatory in complete sentences. Responses, corrections, and statements of surprise can omit any of them, but the coverb cannot be said alone.

== Morphology ==

=== Number ===
Plurals are formed by adding -''i'' after a word. The vowels /e/, /u/, and /o/ become /eː/, /ʉi/, and /oː/ instead. Plurals are placed after grammatical gender, and only on nouns.

=== Modifiers ===
Modifiers are not marked for plurality, but nouns marked as plurals may become modifiers. In those cases, they take on an additional lexical meaning rather than denoting plurality.

Adjectives are formed by adding ''-e'' after a word. The vowels /e/ and /o/ become /ei and /oi/ instead. The consonant /ʔ/ becomes /c/ instead. Coda /m n/ do not undergo allophony and instead become onset [m ɲ] to the prefix.

=== Gender ===
There are two genders, masculine and feminine, though they do not correspond to masculinity and feminity when applied to humans. They are marked on nouns, verbs, and coverbs.

The first noun (topic) and second noun always have their own gender. Nouns that follow the second noun always agree with the second noun. Nouns in a clause modifying the topic agree with the gender of the topic. Nouns in a clause modifying a non-topic noun or other word agree with the opposite gender of the word they're modifying, a feature called "gender disagreement". Although adjectives are not marked for gender, adjectives are still said to agree with nouns because in clauses modifying an adjective, it's the noun's gender that is disagreed with.

On nouns modified by an adjective, the noun is suffixed by ''-n'' for the feminine and ''-a'' for the masculine. If the feminine suffix follows /n/, it becomes /no/; if it follows /m/, it replaces it and becomes /nne/; and if it follows /ʔ/, it replaces it and becomes /na/. The masculine suffix replaces preceding /ai/ and monophthongs except for /e/ and /u/. When following /a/ or /oe/, the masculine suffix becomes /ja/.

On nouns not modified by an adjective, masculine and feminine nouns are prefixed or dysfixed near the beginning of the word in the following ways:
{| class="wikitable"
!
! colspan="20" |Word-Initial Consonant
|-
!Unmarked
!/Ø/
!/m/
!/n/
!/ɲ/
!/tʰ/
!/kʰ/
!/p/
!/t/
!/c/
!/k/
!/ʔ/
!/b/
!/ɡ/
!/t͡s/
!/t͡ʃ/
!/ɸ/
!/h/
!/w̃/
!/ɾ/
!/j/
|-
!Feminine
|/m/
|/b/
|/ɾ/
|/ɡ/
|/kʰ/
|/k/
|/ɸ/
|/tʰ/
|/t͡ʃ/
|/kʰ/
|/h/
|/w̃/
|/j/
|/kʰ/
|/t͡ʃi/
|/h/
|/ɸ/
|/o/
|/Ø/
|/ej/
|-
!Masculine
|/h/
|/w̃/
|/t/
|/t͡ʃ/
|/h/
|/ɡ/
|/m/
|/n/
|/ɲ/
|/ʔ/
|/k/
|/w̃/
|/kʰ/
|/tʰ/
|/c/
|/m/
|/ʔ/
|/b/
|/j/
|/Ø/
|}
Verbs agree with the gender of the topic. On vebs, feminine gender is marked with the suffix -''ri'', which elides any preceding consonant, postvocalic /i/, or postnasal /u/, and raises preceding /o/ to [u] if the /o/ after a nasal. The masculine gender is marked with the suffix ''-am'' which combines with word-final vowels /i e u o a/ to make /jaːm eːm oːm aːm am/.

Coverbs agree with the gender of the noun following them. If there is no noun, they are not inflected for gender. The feminine gender is marked with the suffix -''ya'', replacing the preceding vowel or consonant, and the masculine gender is marked with the suffix ''-ta'', which becomes ''-da'' after /m n ʔ/, with /m n/ being deleted.

=== Cases ===
There are no syntactic role-marking cases as these are always defined by the semantics of a verb. Cases are marked with suffixes that fuse with gender markers.
{| class="wikitable"
! colspan="3" |
!Instrumental
!Lative
!Vocative
!Benefactive
!Translative
|-
! rowspan="10" |Basic
! rowspan="4" |Singular
!-Ø
| -de
| -ki
| -u
| -ō
| -tse
|-
!-m
| -mbe
| -mbi
| -mon
| -mō
| -mde
|-
!-n
| -nre
| -ngi
| -non
| -nō
| -nhe
|-
!-'
| -'e
| -'ke
| -'u
| -o
| -'te
|-
! rowspan="6" |Plural
!-i
| -e
| -i'i
| -yu
| -yo
| -iche
|-
!-ē
| -ēi
| -ē'
| -ēm
| -ēu
| -ēhe
|-
!-ō
| -ōe
| -ō'
| -ōm
| -ōwo
| -ōfe
|-
!-mi
| -mie
| -mi'
| -mun
| -miu
| -ntse
|-
!-ni
| -nye
| -nki
| -nun
| -nyu
| -nche
|-
!-'i
| -ce
| -'ki
| -cun
| -cu
| -itse
|-
! rowspan="8" |Feminine
! rowspan="4" |Singular
!-n
| -ne
| -ni
| -m
| -mo
| -chi
|-
!-no
| -no'
| -noi
| -nōn
| -nō
| -node
|-
!-ne
| -ne'
| -nei
| -neon
| -neo
| -nechi
|-
!-na
| -na'
| -na'i
| -nam
| -nau
| -nae
|-
! rowspan="4" |Plural
!-ni
| -ni'
| -nī
| -nyum
| -yō
| -ite
|-
!-nō
| -nōe
| -nō'i
| -nūm
| -nōu
| -ote
|-
!-nē
| -nēyi
| -nē'i
| -nēum
| -nēo
| -ete
|-
!-nai
| -naye
| -nahi
| -naun
| -nayu
| -aite
|-
! rowspan="2" |Masculine
!Singular
!-a
| -a'
| -ayi
| -ām
| -ā
| -ate
|-
!Plural
!-ai
| -ae
| -eyi
| -aun
| -ayo
| -eite
|}

== Lexicon ==

=== Pronouns ===
{| class="wikitable"
! colspan="2" rowspan="3" |
! colspan="5" |1P
! colspan="3" |2P
! colspan="2" |3P
! rowspan="3" |Generic
|-
! rowspan="2" |Numberless
! rowspan="2" |Semiplural
! colspan="3" |Plural
! rowspan="2" |Numberless
! rowspan="2" |Semiplural
!Plural
! rowspan="2" |Numberless
! rowspan="2" |Semiplural
|-
!Narrow Inclusive
!Broad Inclusive
!Exclusive
!Broad Inclusive
|-
! rowspan="2" |Feminine
!Typical
| rowspan="2" |men
|en ka'
|aen qi
|aen te
|aon te
| rowspan="2" |ki
|qin ka'
|qin ho
| rowspan="2" |go
|nyon ka'
|no nyo
|-
!Rapid
|enga
|enki
|ende
|ande
|qinga
|qinyo
|nyonga
|noyo
|-
! rowspan="2" |Masculine
!Typical
| rowspan="2" |hen
|ma ka'
|ara qi
|ara te
|ā te
| rowspan="2" |gi
|qa ka'
|qa ho
| rowspan="2" |cho
|nya ka'
|na nyo
|-
!Rapid
|maga
|raki
|rade
|ade
|qaga
|qao
|nyaga
|nayo
|}

==== Number ====
Numberless pronouns can be used for both singular and plural contexts, but not if the plurality extends into another personhood category. Semiplurals are generic pronouns but with an emphasis on a specific personhood (e.g. the first person semiplural is a generic pronoun with an emphasis on the speaker).

==== Generic Pronouns ====
Feminine generic pronouns are more aptly described animate generic pronouns, and the masculine generic pronouns inanimate generic pronouns. The former refers only to people or willing agents, while the latter refers only to non-living things, patients, or unwilling agents.

==== Clusivity ====
When the plurality extends into another personhood category, the pronoun is marked for clusivity. There are three types of clusivity: narrow inclusive, broad inclusive, and exclusive. Narrow inclusivity refers to the exclusion of third person. Broad inclusivity refers to the inclusion of third person. Exclusivity refers to the exclusion of second person.

==== Formality ====
First person semiplural is used most often in formal speech. Second person semiplural is used most often by a social superior to a social inferior. Third person semiplural is most often used in informal speech.

Rapid pronoun forms only occur in informal or neutral formality speech, not formal or very informal speech.

Very informal speech, regardless of speech speed, uses only one pronoun ''ka'' for all semiplurals.

=== Nouns ===
arm: batso (matso, F)

cat: māchi (pāchi, M)

chest: ofu (rofu, F)

cloud: ōfe (yōfe, M)

dawn: amwai (ramwai, F)

day: eo (reo, F)

[[Dochiroe]]: [[Contionary:Dochiroe|Dochiroe]] (Nochiroe, M)

dog: furu (puru, F)

dusk: 'ohoe (hohoe, M)

ear: hemyi (emyi, M)

elbow: hanro (fanro, F)

eye: kui (qui, F)

face: hapi (api, M)

foot: mami (ami, F)

hair: mochi (ochi, F)

hand: tatsi (datsi, F)

head: ita (yita, M)

hips: hoedai (oedai, M)

human: magi (agi, F)

knee: toko (doko, F)

lake: 'egi (hegi, M)

leg: awa (rawa, F)

'''Magikoe''': [[Contionary:Magikoe|Magikoe]] (Agikoe, F)

moon: kōm (F)

neck: hamdo (M)

night: ie (M)

nose: imu (M)

page: ka'a (F)

paper: magu (F)

pen: noede (F)

rain: imai (F)

river: ūrei (F)

sea: tanga (M)

shoulder: omuo (M)

stars: ipari (F)

sun: heo (F)

tongue: koe ('oe, M)

waist: onī (M)

=== Verb ===
come: abu (as a coverb, denotes futureness or purpose)

give: ene (as a coverb, denotes benefit or positivity)

have: a'da (as a coverb, denotes pastness, completion, or experience)

leave: tetso (as a coverb, denotes purpose, unknown outcome or freedom)

lie down: funui (as a coverb, denotes ease, ability, or willingness)

play music: rewo

see: mei

sit: ko' (as a coverb, denotes presentness or focus)

speak: watsai (as a coverb, denotes hearsay, hypotheticals, or concepts)

stay: qoi (as a coverb, denotes simultaneity)

write: tamu

User:Suqi/Template:Magikoe A-e decl

2026-04-25T23:06:36Z

Suqi:

{| class="mw-collapsed mw-collapsible bluetable"
! colspan="100%" |Declension
|-
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" |
! colspan="2" |[[w:grammatical_gender|Masculine]]
! colspan="2" |[[w:grammatical_gender|Feminine]]
|-
!Unmodified
!Modifiee
!Unmodified
!Modifiee
|-
! rowspan="2" |Basic
![[w:singular number|Singular]]
|Ha{{{1}}}e
|A{{{1}}}eya
|Ma{{{1}}}e
|A{{{1}}}en
|-
![[w:plural number|Plural]]
|Ha{{{1}}}ē
|A{{{1}}}eyai
|Ma{{{1}}}ē
|A{{{1}}}eni
|-
! rowspan="2" |[[w:Instrumental_case|Instrumental]]
![[w:singular number|Singular]]
|Ha{{{1}}}ede
|A{{{1}}}eya'
|Ma{{{1}}}ede
|A{{{1}}}ene
|-
![[w:plural number|Plural]]
|Ha{{{1}}}ēi
|A{{{1}}}eyae
|Ma{{{1}}}ēi
|A{{{1}}}eni'
|-
! rowspan="2" |[[w:Lative_case|Lative]]
![[w:singular number|Singular]]
|Ha{{{1}}}eki
|A{{{1}}}eyayi
|Ma{{{1}}}eki
|A{{{1}}}eni
|-
![[w:plural number|Plural]]
|Ha{{{1}}}ē'
|A{{{1}}}eyeyi
|Ma{{{1}}}ē'
|A{{{1}}}enī
|-
! rowspan="2" |[[w:Vocative_case|Vocative]]
![[w:singular number|Singular]]
|Ha{{{1}}}eu
|A{{{1}}}eyām
|Ma{{{1}}}eu
|A{{{1}}}em
|-
![[w:plural number|Plural]]
|Ha{{{1}}}ēm
|A{{{1}}}eyaun
|Ma{{{1}}}ēm
|A{{{1}}}enyum
|-
! rowspan="2" |[[w:Benefactive_case|Benefactive]]
![[w:singular number|Singular]]
|Ha{{{1}}}eō
|A{{{1}}}eyā
|Ma{{{1}}}eō
|A{{{1}}}emo
|-
![[w:plural number|Plural]]
|Ha{{{1}}}ēu
|A{{{1}}}eyayo
|Ma{{{1}}}ēu
|A{{{1}}}eyō
|-
! rowspan="2" |[[w:Translative_case|Translative]]
![[w:singular number|Singular]]
|Ha{{{1}}}etse
|A{{{1}}}eyate
|Ma{{{1}}}etse
|A{{{1}}}echi
|-
![[w:plural number|Plural]]
|Ha{{{1}}}ēhe
|A{{{1}}}eyeite
|Ma{{{1}}}ēhe
|A{{{1}}}eite
|-
|}

User:Suqi/Template:Magikoe n-e decl

2026-04-25T22:54:36Z

Suqi:

{| class="mw-collapsed mw-collapsible bluetable"
! colspan="100%" |Declension
|-
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" |
! colspan="2" |[[w:grammatical_gender|Masculine]]
! colspan="2" |[[w:grammatical_gender|Feminine]]
|-
!Unmodified
!Modifiee
!Unmodified
!Modifiee
|-
! rowspan="2" |Basic
![[w:singular number|Singular]]
|d{{{1}}}e
|n{{{1}}}eya
|r{{{1}}}e
|n{{{1}}}en
|-
![[w:plural number|Plural]]
|d{{{1}}}ē
|n{{{1}}}eyai
|r{{{1}}}ē
|n{{{1}}}eni
|-
! rowspan="2" |[[w:Instrumental_case|Instrumental]]
![[w:singular number|Singular]]
|d{{{1}}}ede
|n{{{1}}}eya'
|r{{{1}}}ede
|n{{{1}}}ene
|-
![[w:plural number|Plural]]
|d{{{1}}}ēi
|n{{{1}}}eyae
|r{{{1}}}ēi
|n{{{1}}}eni'
|-
! rowspan="2" |[[w:Lative_case|Lative]]
![[w:singular number|Singular]]
|d{{{1}}}eki
|n{{{1}}}eyayi
|r{{{1}}}eki
|n{{{1}}}eni
|-
![[w:plural number|Plural]]
|d{{{1}}}ē'
|n{{{1}}}eyeyi
|r{{{1}}}ē'
|n{{{1}}}enī
|-
! rowspan="2" |[[w:Vocative_case|Vocative]]
![[w:singular number|Singular]]
|d{{{1}}}eu
|n{{{1}}}eyām
|r{{{1}}}eu
|n{{{1}}}em
|-
![[w:plural number|Plural]]
|d{{{1}}}ēm
|n{{{1}}}eyaun
|r{{{1}}}ēm
|n{{{1}}}enyum
|-
! rowspan="2" |[[w:Benefactive_case|Benefactive]]
![[w:singular number|Singular]]
|d{{{1}}}eō
|n{{{1}}}eyā
|r{{{1}}}eō
|n{{{1}}}emo
|-
![[w:plural number|Plural]]
|d{{{1}}}ēu
|n{{{1}}}eyayo
|r{{{1}}}ēu
|n{{{1}}}eyō
|-
! rowspan="2" |[[w:Translative_case|Translative]]
![[w:singular number|Singular]]
|d{{{1}}}etse
|n{{{1}}}eyate
|r{{{1}}}etse
|n{{{1}}}echi
|-
![[w:plural number|Plural]]
|d{{{1}}}ēhe
|n{{{1}}}eyeite
|r{{{1}}}ēhe
|n{{{1}}}eite
|-
|}

User:Suqi/Template:Magikoe N-e decl

2026-04-25T22:54:17Z

Suqi:

{| class="mw-collapsed mw-collapsible bluetable"
! colspan="100%" |Declension
|-
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" |
! colspan="2" |[[w:grammatical_gender|Masculine]]
! colspan="2" |[[w:grammatical_gender|Feminine]]
|-
!Unmodified
!Modifiee
!Unmodified
!Modifiee
|-
! rowspan="2" |Basic
![[w:singular number|Singular]]
|D{{{1}}}e
|N{{{1}}}eya
|R{{{1}}}e
|N{{{1}}}en
|-
![[w:plural number|Plural]]
|D{{{1}}}ē
|N{{{1}}}eyai
|R{{{1}}}ē
|N{{{1}}}eni
|-
! rowspan="2" |[[w:Instrumental_case|Instrumental]]
![[w:singular number|Singular]]
|D{{{1}}}ede
|N{{{1}}}eya'
|R{{{1}}}ede
|N{{{1}}}ene
|-
![[w:plural number|Plural]]
|D{{{1}}}ēi
|N{{{1}}}eyae
|R{{{1}}}ēi
|N{{{1}}}eni'
|-
! rowspan="2" |[[w:Lative_case|Lative]]
![[w:singular number|Singular]]
|D{{{1}}}eki
|N{{{1}}}eyayi
|R{{{1}}}eki
|N{{{1}}}eni
|-
![[w:plural number|Plural]]
|D{{{1}}}ē'
|N{{{1}}}eyeyi
|R{{{1}}}ē'
|N{{{1}}}enī
|-
! rowspan="2" |[[w:Vocative_case|Vocative]]
![[w:singular number|Singular]]
|D{{{1}}}eu
|N{{{1}}}eyām
|R{{{1}}}eu
|N{{{1}}}em
|-
![[w:plural number|Plural]]
|D{{{1}}}ēm
|N{{{1}}}eyaun
|R{{{1}}}ēm
|N{{{1}}}enyum
|-
! rowspan="2" |[[w:Benefactive_case|Benefactive]]
![[w:singular number|Singular]]
|D{{{1}}}eō
|N{{{1}}}eyā
|R{{{1}}}eō
|N{{{1}}}emo
|-
![[w:plural number|Plural]]
|D{{{1}}}ēu
|N{{{1}}}eyayo
|R{{{1}}}ēu
|N{{{1}}}eyō
|-
! rowspan="2" |[[w:Translative_case|Translative]]
![[w:singular number|Singular]]
|D{{{1}}}etse
|N{{{1}}}eyate
|R{{{1}}}etse
|N{{{1}}}echi
|-
![[w:plural number|Plural]]
|D{{{1}}}ēhe
|N{{{1}}}eyeite
|R{{{1}}}ēhe
|N{{{1}}}eite
|-
|}

User:Suqi/Template:Magikoe A-e decl

2026-04-25T22:53:54Z

Suqi: Created page with "{| class="mw-collapsed mw-collapsible bluetable" ! colspan="100%" |Declension |- ! colspan="2" rowspan="2" | ! colspan="2" |Masculine ! colspan="2" |Feminine |- !Unmodified !Modifiee !Unmodified !Modifiee |- ! rowspan="2" |Basic !Singular |H{{{1}}}e |A{{{1}}}eya |M{{{1}}}e |A{{{1}}}en |- !Plural |H{{{1}}}ē |A{{{1}}}eyai |M{{{1}}}ē |A{{{1}}}eni |- ! rowspan="2" |w:Instrumental_..."

{| class="mw-collapsed mw-collapsible bluetable"
! colspan="100%" |Declension
|-
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" |
! colspan="2" |[[w:grammatical_gender|Masculine]]
! colspan="2" |[[w:grammatical_gender|Feminine]]
|-
!Unmodified
!Modifiee
!Unmodified
!Modifiee
|-
! rowspan="2" |Basic
![[w:singular number|Singular]]
|H{{{1}}}e
|A{{{1}}}eya
|M{{{1}}}e
|A{{{1}}}en
|-
![[w:plural number|Plural]]
|H{{{1}}}ē
|A{{{1}}}eyai
|M{{{1}}}ē
|A{{{1}}}eni
|-
! rowspan="2" |[[w:Instrumental_case|Instrumental]]
![[w:singular number|Singular]]
|H{{{1}}}ede
|A{{{1}}}eya'
|M{{{1}}}ede
|A{{{1}}}ene
|-
![[w:plural number|Plural]]
|H{{{1}}}ēi
|A{{{1}}}eyae
|M{{{1}}}ēi
|A{{{1}}}eni'
|-
! rowspan="2" |[[w:Lative_case|Lative]]
![[w:singular number|Singular]]
|H{{{1}}}eki
|A{{{1}}}eyayi
|M{{{1}}}eki
|A{{{1}}}eni
|-
![[w:plural number|Plural]]
|H{{{1}}}ē'
|A{{{1}}}eyeyi
|M{{{1}}}ē'
|A{{{1}}}enī
|-
! rowspan="2" |[[w:Vocative_case|Vocative]]
![[w:singular number|Singular]]
|H{{{1}}}eu
|A{{{1}}}eyām
|M{{{1}}}eu
|A{{{1}}}em
|-
![[w:plural number|Plural]]
|H{{{1}}}ēm
|A{{{1}}}eyaun
|M{{{1}}}ēm
|A{{{1}}}enyum
|-
! rowspan="2" |[[w:Benefactive_case|Benefactive]]
![[w:singular number|Singular]]
|H{{{1}}}eō
|A{{{1}}}eyā
|M{{{1}}}eō
|A{{{1}}}emo
|-
![[w:plural number|Plural]]
|H{{{1}}}ēu
|A{{{1}}}eyayo
|M{{{1}}}ēu
|A{{{1}}}eyō
|-
! rowspan="2" |[[w:Translative_case|Translative]]
![[w:singular number|Singular]]
|H{{{1}}}etse
|A{{{1}}}eyate
|M{{{1}}}etse
|A{{{1}}}echi
|-
![[w:plural number|Plural]]
|H{{{1}}}ēhe
|A{{{1}}}eyeite
|M{{{1}}}ēhe
|A{{{1}}}eite
|-
|}

Magikoe

2026-04-25T22:45:57Z

Suqi:

'''Magikoe''' [máɟìkó͜e] is a language.

== Phonology ==
{| class="wikitable"
! colspan="2" |
!Labial
!Alveolar
!Palatal
!Velar
!Glottal
|-
! colspan="2" |Nasal
|m '''m'''
|n '''n'''
|ɲ '''ny'''
|
|
|-
! rowspan="3" |Plosive
!Aspirate
|
|tʰ '''t'''
|
|kʰ '''q'''
|
|-
!Tenuis
|p '''p'''
|t '''d'''
|c '''c'''
|k '''k'''
|ʔ '''’'''
|-
!Voiced
|b '''b'''
|
|
|ɡ '''g'''
|
|-
! colspan="2" |Affricate
|
|t͡s '''ts'''
|t͡ʃ '''ch'''
|
|
|-
! colspan="2" |Fricative
|ɸ '''f'''
|
|
|
|h '''h'''
|-
! colspan="2" |Glide
|w̃ '''w'''
|ɾ '''r'''
|j '''y'''
|
|
|}
{| class="wikitable"
!
! colspan="4" |Front
! colspan="4" |Back
|-
!Close
|i '''i'''
|iː '''ī'''
|
|
|u '''u'''
|uː '''ū'''
|ʉi '''ui'''
|uo '''uo'''
|-
!Mid
|e '''e'''
|eː '''ē'''
|ei '''ei'''
|
|o '''o'''
|oː '''ō'''
|oe '''oe'''
|
|-
!Open
|a '''a'''
|aː '''ā'''
|ai '''ai'''
|au '''au'''
|
|
|
|
|}
There is word-initial stress which is high tone.

/j/ is phonetically front mid [e̯]

Vːm > Ṽːʉ̃ / _%

in un en on an > ĩ(ɲ) ʉ̃(n) ẽ(j̃) ɵ̃(ŋ) ãn / _%

n ɡ e̯ > ɲ ɟ i̯ / _i

V̀ > V̄ / {tʰ,kʰ,ɸ,h}_

== Syntax ==
The word order is Place-Verb-Time-Topic-coverb-Noun-CaseNoun.

The topic overlaps strongly with the typical object of a sentence, as it is given much more importance than the agent in most cases outside of when the agent is being emphasized. Verbs with English translations that imply the subject's agency do not necessarily translate as giving the topic agency in the syntax of Magikoe. An example of this being the verb ''rewo'' meaning "to play music". The sentence ''Huru rewori ko''' translates to "The dog is listening to music" even though the direct translation would say "The dog is playing music". The music is being played, but the topic is not the player of the music.

The topic must be any part of speech. When the topic is not a noun, the preceding word receives the clitic ''-re''.

Adjectives follow nouns they modify.

The place word is not inflected for anything and can be any part of speech.

The post-coverb noun denotes whichever noun fulfills a second role implied by the verb, used for transitive statements.

The verb, topic, and coverb are obligatory in complete sentences. Responses, corrections, and statements of surprise can omit any of them, but the coverb cannot be said alone.

== Morphology ==

=== Number ===
Plurals are formed by adding -''i'' after a word. The vowels /e/, /u/, and /o/ become /eː/, /ʉi/, and /oː/ instead. Plurals are placed after grammatical gender, and only on nouns.

=== Modifiers ===
Modifiers are not marked for plurality, but nouns marked as plurals may become modifiers. In those cases, they take on an additional lexical meaning rather than denoting plurality.

Adjectives are formed by adding ''-e'' after a word. The vowels /e/ and /o/ become /ei and /oi/ instead. The consonant /ʔ/ becomes /c/ instead. Coda /m n/ do not undergo allophony and instead become onset [m ɲ] to the prefix.

=== Gender ===
There are two genders, masculine and feminine, though they do not correspond to masculinity and feminity when applied to humans. They are marked on nouns, verbs, and coverbs.

The first noun (topic) and second noun always have their own gender. Nouns that follow the second noun always agree with the second noun. Nouns in a clause modifying the topic agree with the gender of the topic. Nouns in a clause modifying a non-topic noun or other word agree with the opposite gender of the word they're modifying, a feature called "gender disagreement". Although adjectives are not marked for gender, adjectives are still said to agree with nouns because in clauses modifying an adjective, it's the noun's gender that is disagreed with.

On nouns modified by an adjective, the noun is suffixed by ''-n'' for the feminine and ''-a'' for the masculine. If the feminine suffix follows /n/, it becomes /no/; if it follows /m/, it replaces it and becomes /nne/; and if it follows /ʔ/, it replaces it and becomes /na/. The masculine suffix replaces preceding /ai/ and monophthongs except for /e/ and /u/. When following /a/ or /oe/, the masculine suffix becomes /ja/.

On nouns not modified by an adjective, masculine and feminine nouns are prefixed or dysfixed near the beginning of the word in the following ways:
{| class="wikitable"
!
! colspan="20" |Word-Initial Consonant
|-
!Unmarked
!/Ø/
!/m/
!/n/
!/ɲ/
!/tʰ/
!/kʰ/
!/p/
!/t/
!/c/
!/k/
!/ʔ/
!/b/
!/ɡ/
!/t͡s/
!/t͡ʃ/
!/ɸ/
!/h/
!/w̃/
!/ɾ/
!/j/
|-
!Feminine
|/m/
|/b/
|/ɾ/
|/ɡ/
|/kʰ/
|/k/
|/ɸ/
|/tʰ/
|/t͡ʃ/
|/kʰ/
|/h/
|/w̃/
|/j/
|/kʰ/
|/t͡ʃi/
|/h/
|/ɸ/
|/o/
|/Ø/
|/ej/
|-
!Masculine
|/h/
|/w̃/
|/t/
|/t͡ʃ/
|/h/
|/ɡ/
|/m/
|/n/
|/ɲ/
|/ʔ/
|/k/
|/w̃/
|/kʰ/
|/tʰ/
|/c/
|/m/
|/ʔ/
|/b/
|/j/
|/Ø/
|}
Verbs agree with the gender of the topic. On vebs, feminine gender is marked with the suffix -''ri'', which elides any preceding consonant and /u/ after a nasal, and raises preceding /o/ to [u] if the /o/ after a nasal. The masculine gender is marked with the suffix ''-am'' which combines with word-final vowels /i e u o a/ to make /jaːm eːm oːm aːm am/.

Coverbs agree with the gender of the noun following them. If there is no noun, they are not inflected for gender. The feminine gender is marked with the suffix -''ya'', replacing the preceding vowel or consonant, and the masculine gender is marked with the suffix ''-ta'', which becomes ''-da'' after /m n ʔ/, with /m n/ being deleted.

=== Cases ===
There are no syntactic role-marking cases as these are always defined by the semantics of a verb. Cases are marked with suffixes that fuse with gender markers.
{| class="wikitable"
! colspan="3" |
!Instrumental
!Lative
!Vocative
!Benefactive
!Translative
|-
! rowspan="10" |Basic
! rowspan="4" |Singular
!-Ø
| -de
| -ki
| -u
| -ō
| -tse
|-
!-m
| -mbe
| -mbi
| -mon
| -mō
| -mde
|-
!-n
| -nre
| -ngi
| -non
| -nō
| -nhe
|-
!-'
| -'e
| -'ke
| -'u
| -o
| -'te
|-
! rowspan="6" |Plural
!-i
| -e
| -i'i
| -yu
| -yo
| -iche
|-
!-ē
| -ēi
| -ē'
| -ēm
| -ēu
| -ēhe
|-
!-ō
| -ōe
| -ō'
| -ōm
| -ōwo
| -ōfe
|-
!-mi
| -mie
| -mi'
| -mun
| -miu
| -ntse
|-
!-ni
| -nye
| -nki
| -nun
| -nyu
| -nche
|-
!-'i
| -ce
| -'ki
| -cun
| -cu
| -itse
|-
! rowspan="8" |Feminine
! rowspan="4" |Singular
!-n
| -ne
| -ni
| -m
| -mo
| -chi
|-
!-no
| -no'
| -noi
| -nōn
| -nō
| -node
|-
!-ne
| -ne'
| -nei
| -neon
| -neo
| -nechi
|-
!-na
| -na'
| -na'i
| -nam
| -nau
| -nae
|-
! rowspan="4" |Plural
!-ni
| -ni'
| -nī
| -nyum
| -yō
| -ite
|-
!-nō
| -nōe
| -nō'i
| -nūm
| -nōu
| -ote
|-
!-nē
| -nēyi
| -nē'i
| -nēum
| -nēo
| -ete
|-
!-nai
| -naye
| -nahi
| -naun
| -nayu
| -aite
|-
! rowspan="2" |Masculine
!Singular
!-a
| -a'
| -ayi
| -ām
| -ā
| -ate
|-
!Plural
!-ai
| -ae
| -eyi
| -aun
| -ayo
| -eite
|}

== Lexicon ==

=== Pronouns ===
{| class="wikitable"
! colspan="2" rowspan="3" |
! colspan="5" |1P
! colspan="3" |2P
! colspan="2" |3P
! rowspan="3" |Generic
|-
! rowspan="2" |Numberless
! rowspan="2" |Semiplural
! colspan="3" |Plural
! rowspan="2" |Numberless
! rowspan="2" |Semiplural
!Plural
! rowspan="2" |Numberless
! rowspan="2" |Semiplural
|-
!Narrow Inclusive
!Broad Inclusive
!Exclusive
!Broad Inclusive
|-
! rowspan="2" |Feminine
!Typical
| rowspan="2" |men
|en ka'
|aen qi
|aen te
|aon te
| rowspan="2" |ki
|qin ka'
|qin ho
| rowspan="2" |go
|nyon ka'
|no nyo
|-
!Rapid
|enga
|enki
|ende
|ande
|qinga
|qinyo
|nyonga
|noyo
|-
! rowspan="2" |Masculine
!Typical
| rowspan="2" |hen
|ma ka'
|ara qi
|ara te
|ā te
| rowspan="2" |gi
|qa ka'
|qa ho
| rowspan="2" |cho
|nya ka'
|na nyo
|-
!Rapid
|maga
|raki
|rade
|ade
|qaga
|qao
|nyaga
|nayo
|}

==== Number ====
Numberless pronouns can be used for both singular and plural contexts, but not if the plurality extends into another personhood category. Semiplurals are generic pronouns but with an emphasis on a specific personhood (e.g. the first person semiplural is a generic pronoun with an emphasis on the speaker).

==== Generic Pronouns ====
Feminine generic pronouns are more aptly described animate generic pronouns, and the masculine generic pronouns inanimate generic pronouns. The former refers only to people or willing agents, while the latter refers only to non-living things, patients, or unwilling agents.

==== Clusivity ====
When the plurality extends into another personhood category, the pronoun is marked for clusivity. There are three types of clusivity: narrow inclusive, broad inclusive, and exclusive. Narrow inclusivity refers to the exclusion of third person. Broad inclusivity refers to the inclusion of third person. Exclusivity refers to the exclusion of second person.

==== Formality ====
First person semiplural is used most often in formal speech. Second person semiplural is used most often by a social superior to a social inferior. Third person semiplural is most often used in informal speech.

Rapid pronoun forms only occur in informal or neutral formality speech, not formal or very informal speech.

Very informal speech, regardless of speech speed, uses only one pronoun ''ka'' for all semiplurals.

=== Nouns ===
arm: batso (matso, F)

cat: māchi (pāchi, M)

chest: ofu (rofu, F)

cloud: ōfe (yōfe, M)

dawn: amwai (ramwai, F)

day: eo (reo, F)

[[Dochiroe]]: [[Contionary:Dochiroe|Dochiroe]] (Nochiroe, M)

dog: furu (puru, F)

dusk: 'ohoe (hohoe, M)

ear: hemyi (emyi, M)

elbow: hanro (fanro, F)

eye: kui (qui, F)

face: hapi (api, M)

foot: mami (ami, F)

hair: mochi (ochi, F)

hand: tatsi (datsi, F)

head: ita (yita, M)

hips: hoedai (oedai, M)

human: magi (agi, F)

knee: toko (doko, F)

lake: 'egi (hegi, M)

leg: awa (rawa, F)

'''Magikoe''': [[Contionary:Magikoe|Magikoe]] (Agikoe, F)

moon: kōm (F)

neck: hamdo (M)

night: ie (M)

nose: imu (M)

page: ka'a (F)

paper: magu (F)

pen: noede (F)

rain: imai (F)

river: ūrei (F)

sea: tanga (M)

shoulder: omuo (M)

stars: ipari (F)

sun: heo (F)

tongue: koe ('oe, M)

waist: onī (M)

=== Verb ===
come: abu (as a coverb, denotes futureness or purpose)

give: ene (as a coverb, denotes benefit or positivity)

have: a'da (as a coverb, denotes pastness, completion, or experience)

leave: tetso (as a coverb, denotes purpose, unknown outcome or freedom)

lie down: funui (as a coverb, denotes ease, ability, or willingness)

play music: rewo

see: mei

sit: ko' (as a coverb, denotes presentness or focus)

speak: watsai (as a coverb, denotes hearsay, hypotheticals, or concepts)

stay: qoi (as a coverb, denotes simultaneity)

write: tamu

Magikoe

2026-04-25T22:25:04Z

Suqi:

'''Magikoe''' [máɟìkó͜e] is a language.

== Phonology ==
{| class="wikitable"
! colspan="2" |
!Labial
!Alveolar
!Palatal
!Velar
!Glottal
|-
! colspan="2" |Nasal
|m '''m'''
|n '''n'''
|ɲ '''ny'''
|
|
|-
! rowspan="3" |Plosive
!Aspirate
|
|tʰ '''t'''
|
|kʰ '''q'''
|
|-
!Tenuis
|p '''p'''
|t '''d'''
|c '''c'''
|k '''k'''
|ʔ '''’'''
|-
!Voiced
|b '''b'''
|
|
|ɡ '''g'''
|
|-
! colspan="2" |Affricate
|
|t͡s '''ts'''
|t͡ʃ '''ch'''
|
|
|-
! colspan="2" |Fricative
|ɸ '''f'''
|
|
|
|h '''h'''
|-
! colspan="2" |Glide
|w̃ '''w'''
|ɾ '''r'''
|j '''y'''
|
|
|}
{| class="wikitable"
!
! colspan="4" |Front
! colspan="4" |Back
|-
!Close
|i '''i'''
|iː '''ī'''
|
|
|u '''u'''
|uː '''ū'''
|ʉi '''ui'''
|uo '''uo'''
|-
!Mid
|e '''e'''
|eː '''ē'''
|ei '''ei'''
|
|o '''o'''
|oː '''ō'''
|oe '''oe'''
|
|-
!Open
|a '''a'''
|aː '''ā'''
|ai '''ai'''
|au '''au'''
|
|
|
|
|}
There is word-initial stress which is high tone.

/j/ is phonetically front mid [e̯]

Vːm > Ṽːʉ̃ / _%

in un en on an > ĩ(ɲ) ʉ̃(n) ẽ(j̃) ɵ̃(ŋ) ãn / _%

n ɡ e̯ > ɲ ɟ i̯ / _i

V̀ > V̄ / {tʰ,kʰ,ɸ,h}_

== Syntax ==
The word order is Place-Verb-Time-Topic-coverb-Noun-CaseNoun.

The topic overlaps strongly with the typical object of a sentence, as it is given much more importance than the agent in most cases outside of when the agent is being emphasized. Verbs with English translations that imply the subject's agency do not necessarily translate as giving the topic agency in the syntax of Magikoe. An example of this being the verb ''rewo'' meaning "to play music". The sentence ''Huru rewori ko''' translates to "The dog is listening to music" even though the direct translation would say "The dog is playing music". The music is being played, but the topic is not the player of the music.

The topic must be any part of speech. When the topic is not a noun, the preceding word receives the clitic ''-re''.

Adjectives follow nouns they modify.

The place word is not inflected for anything and can be any part of speech.

The post-coverb noun denotes whichever noun fulfills a second role implied by the verb, used for transitive statements.

The verb, topic, and coverb are obligatory in complete sentences. Responses, corrections, and statements of surprise can omit any of them, but the coverb cannot be said alone.

== Morphology ==

=== Number ===
Plurals are formed by adding -''i'' after a word. The vowels /e/, /u/, and /o/ become /eː/, /ʉi/, and /oː/ instead. Plurals are placed after grammatical gender, and only on nouns.

=== Modifiers ===
Modifiers are not marked for plurality, but nouns marked as plurals may become modifiers. In those cases, they take on an additional lexical meaning rather than denoting plurality.

Adjectives are formed by adding ''-e'' after a word. The vowels /e/ and /o/ become /ei and /oi/ instead. The consonant /ʔ/ becomes /c/ instead. Coda /m n/ do not undergo allophony and instead become onset [m ɲ] to the prefix.

=== Gender ===
There are two genders, masculine and feminine, though they do not correspond to masculinity and feminity when applied to humans. They are marked on nouns, verbs, and coverbs.

The first noun (topic) and second noun always have their own gender. Nouns that follow the second noun always agree with the second noun. Nouns in a clause modifying the topic agree with the gender of the topic. Nouns in a clause modifying a non-topic noun or other word agree with the opposite gender of the word they're modifying, a feature called "gender disagreement". Although adjectives are not marked for gender, adjectives are still said to agree with nouns because in clauses modifying an adjective, it's the noun's gender that is disagreed with.

On nouns modified by an adjective, the noun is suffixed by ''-n'' for the feminine and ''-a'' for the masculine. If the feminine suffix follows /n/, it becomes /no/; if it follows /m/, it replaces it and becomes /nne/; and if it follows /ʔ/, it replaces it and becomes /na/. The masculine suffix replaces preceding /ai/ and monophthongs except for /e/ and /u/. When following /a/ or /oe/, the masculine suffix becomes /ja/.

On nouns not modified by an adjective, masculine and feminine nouns are prefixed or dysfixed near the beginning of the word in the following ways:
{| class="wikitable"
!
! colspan="20" |Word-Initial Consonant
|-
!Unmarked
!/Ø/
!/m/
!/n/
!/ɲ/
!/tʰ/
!/kʰ/
!/p/
!/t/
!/c/
!/k/
!/ʔ/
!/b/
!/ɡ/
!/t͡s/
!/t͡ʃ/
!/ɸ/
!/h/
!/w̃/
!/ɾ/
!/j/
|-
!Feminine
|/m/
|/b/
|/ɾ/
|/ɡ/
|/kʰ/
|/k/
|/ɸ/
|/tʰ/
|/t͡ʃ/
|/kʰ/
|/h/
|/w̃/
|/j/
|/kʰ/
|/t͡ʃi/
|/h/
|/ɸ/
|/o/
|/Ø/
|/ej/
|-
!Masculine
|/h/
|/w̃/
|/t/
|/t͡ʃ/
|/h/
|/ɡ/
|/m/
|/n/
|/ɲ/
|/ʔ/
|/k/
|/w̃/
|/kʰ/
|/tʰ/
|/c/
|/m/
|/ʔ/
|/b/
|/j/
|/Ø/
|}
Verbs agree with the gender of the topic. On vebs, feminine gender is marked with the suffix -''ri'', which elides any preceding consonant and /u/ after a nasal, and raises preceding /o/ to [u] if the /o/ after a nasal. The masculine gender is marked with the suffix ''-am'' which combines with word-final vowels /i e u o a/ to make /jaːm eːm oːm aːm am/.

Coverbs agree with the gender of the noun following them. If there is no noun, they are not inflected for gender. The feminine gender is marked with the suffix -''ya'', replacing the preceding vowel or consonant, and the masculine gender is marked with the suffix ''-ta'', which becomes ''-da'' after /m n ʔ/, with /m n/ being deleted.

=== Cases ===
There are no syntactic role-marking cases as these are always defined by the semantics of a verb. Cases are marked with suffixes that fuse with gender markers.
{| class="wikitable"
! colspan="3" |
!Instrumental
!Lative
!Vocative
!Benefactive
!Translative
|-
! rowspan="10" |Basic
! rowspan="4" |Singular
!-Ø
| -de
| -ki
| -u
| -ō
| -tse
|-
!-m
| -mbe
| -mbi
| -mon
| -mō
| -mde
|-
!-n
| -nre
| -ngi
| -non
| -nō
| -nhe
|-
!-'
| -'e
| -'ke
| -'u
| -o
| -'te
|-
! rowspan="6" |Plural
!-i
| -e
| -i'i
| -yu
| -yo
| -iche
|-
!-ē
| -ēi
| -ē'
| -ēm
| -ēu
| -ēhe
|-
!-ō
| -ōe
| -ō'
| -ōm
| -ōwo
| -ōfe
|-
!-mi
| -mie
| -mi'
| -mun
| -miu
| -ntse
|-
!-ni
| -nye
| -nki
| -nun
| -nyu
| -nche
|-
!-'i
| -ce
| -'ki
| -cun
| -cu
| -itse
|-
! rowspan="8" |Feminine
! rowspan="4" |Singular
!-n
| -ne
| -ni
| -m
| -mo
| -chi
|-
!-no
| -no'
| -noi
| -nōn
| -nō
| -node
|-
!-ne
| -ne'
| -nei
| -neon
| -neo
| -nechi
|-
!-na
| -na'
| -na'i
| -nam
| -nau
| -nae
|-
! rowspan="4" |Plural
!-ni
| -ni'
| -nī
| -nyum
| -yō
| -ite
|-
!-nō
| -nōe
| -nō'i
| -nūm
| -nōu
| -ote
|-
!-nē
| -nēyi
| -nē'i
| -nēum
| -nēo
| -ete
|-
!-nai
| -naye
| -nahi
| -naun
| -nayu
| -aite
|-
! rowspan="2" |Masculine
!Singular
!-a
| -a'
| -ayi
| -ām
| -ā
| -ate
|-
!Plural
!-ai
| -ae
| -eyi
| -aun
| -ayo
| -eite
|}

== Lexicon ==

=== Pronouns ===
{| class="wikitable"
! colspan="2" rowspan="3" |
! colspan="5" |1P
! colspan="3" |2P
! colspan="2" |3P
! rowspan="3" |Generic
|-
! rowspan="2" |Numberless
! rowspan="2" |Semiplural
! colspan="3" |Plural
! rowspan="2" |Numberless
! rowspan="2" |Semiplural
!Plural
! rowspan="2" |Numberless
! rowspan="2" |Semiplural
|-
!Narrow Inclusive
!Broad Inclusive
!Exclusive
!Broad Inclusive
|-
! rowspan="2" |Feminine
!Typical
| rowspan="2" |men
|en ka'
|aen qi
|aen te
|aon te
| rowspan="2" |ki
|qin ka'
|qin ho
| rowspan="2" |go
|nyon ka'
|no nyo
|-
!Rapid
|enga
|enki
|ende
|ande
|qinga
|qinyo
|nyonga
|noyo
|-
! rowspan="2" |Masculine
!Typical
| rowspan="2" |hen
|ma ka'
|ara qi
|ara te
|ā te
| rowspan="2" |gi
|qa ka'
|qa ho
| rowspan="2" |cho
|nya ka'
|na nyo
|-
!Rapid
|maga
|raki
|rade
|ade
|qaga
|qao
|nyaga
|nayo
|}

==== Number ====
Numberless pronouns can be used for both singular and plural contexts, but not if the plurality extends into another personhood category. Semiplurals are generic pronouns but with an emphasis on a specific personhood (e.g. the first person semiplural is a generic pronoun with an emphasis on the speaker).

==== Generic Pronouns ====
Feminine generic pronouns are more aptly described animate generic pronouns, and the masculine generic pronouns inanimate generic pronouns. The former refers only to people or willing agents, while the latter refers only to non-living things, patients, or unwilling agents.

==== Clusivity ====
When the plurality extends into another personhood category, the pronoun is marked for clusivity. There are three types of clusivity: narrow inclusive, broad inclusive, and exclusive. Narrow inclusivity refers to the exclusion of third person. Broad inclusivity refers to the inclusion of third person. Exclusivity refers to the exclusion of second person.

==== Formality ====
First person semiplural is used most often in formal speech. Second person semiplural is used most often by a social superior to a social inferior. Third person semiplural is most often used in informal speech.

Rapid pronoun forms only occur in informal or neutral formality speech, not formal or very informal speech.

Very informal speech, regardless of speech speed, uses only one pronoun ''ka'' for all semiplurals.

=== Nouns ===
arm: matso (F)

cat: māchi (M)

chest: ofu (F)

cloud: ōfe (M)

dawn: amwai (F)

day: eo (F)

[[Dochiroe]]: [[Contionary:Dochiroe|Dochiroe]] (M)

dog: furu (F)

dusk: 'ohoe (M)

ear: emyi (M)

elbow: hanro (F)

eye: kui (F)

face: hapi (M)

foot: ami (F)

hair: mochi (F)

hand: tatsi (F)

head: ita (M)

hips: oedai (M)

human: magi (F)

knee: doko (F)

lake: hegi (M)

leg: awa (F)

'''Magikoe''': [[Contionary:Magikoe|Magikoe]] (M)

moon: kōm (F)

neck: hamdo (M)

night: ie (M)

nose: imu (M)

page: ka'a (F)

paper: magu (F)

pen: noede (F)

rain: imai (F)

river: ūrei (F)

sea: tanga (M)

shoulder: omuo (M)

stars: ipari (F)

sun: heo (F)

tongue: koe (M)

waist: onī (M)

=== Verb ===
come: abu (as a coverb, denotes futureness or purpose)

give: ene (as a coverb, denotes benefit or positivity)

have: a'da (as a coverb, denotes pastness, completion, or experience)

leave: tetso (as a coverb, denotes purpose, unknown outcome or freedom)

lie down: funui (as a coverb, denotes ease, ability, or willingness)

play music: rewo

see: mei

sit: ko' (as a coverb, denotes presentness or focus)

speak: watsai (as a coverb, denotes hearsay, hypotheticals, or concepts)

stay: qoi (as a coverb, denotes simultaneity)

write: tamu

Contionary:Dochiroe

2026-04-25T22:21:37Z

Suqi: /* Magikoe */

== Magikoe ==
<includeonly><onlyinclude>
=== Alternative forms ===

=== Etymology ===
</includeonly></onlyinclude>
=== Pronunciation ===
* [[Guide:IPA|IPA]]: {{IPA|/tot͡ʃiɾoe/ [tó.t͡ʃì.ɾòe̯]}}

=== Noun ===
'''Dochiroe''' {{sc|masc}} (''uninflected'' '''[[Nochiroe]]''', ''feminine'' '''[[Rochiroe]]''')

# [[Dochiroe]], the logographic writing system of [[Magikoe]].
#: ''Chi meyām '''Dochiroe''' funuya men.''
#:: ''I can tell this is '''Dochiroe''' here.''
<includeonly><onlyinclude>
==== Usage notes ====

==== Derived terms ====
</includeonly></onlyinclude>
==== Inflection ====
{{User:Suqi/Template:Magikoe N-e decl|ochiro}}
<includeonly><onlyinclude>
==== Synonyms ====

==== Related terms ====
</includeonly></onlyinclude>
[[Category:Magikoe lemmas]]
[[Category:Magikoe nouns]]
[[Category:Magikoe words]]

Contionary:Dochiroe

2026-04-25T22:15:25Z

Suqi:

== Magikoe ==
<includeonly><onlyinclude>
=== Alternative forms ===

=== Etymology ===
</includeonly></onlyinclude>
=== Pronunciation ===
* [[Guide:IPA|IPA]]: {{IPA|/tot͡ʃiɾoe/ [tó.t͡ʃì.ɾòe̯]}}

=== Noun ===
'''Dochiroe''' {{sc|masc}} (''uninflected'' '''[[Nochiroe]]''', ''feminine'' '''[[Rochiroe]]''')

# [[Dochiroe]], the logographic writing system of [[Magikoe]].
#: ''Chi meyām '''Dochiroe''' funuya men.''
#:: ''I can tell this is '''Dochiroe'''.''
<includeonly><onlyinclude>
==== Usage notes ====

==== Derived terms ====
</includeonly></onlyinclude>
==== Inflection ====
{{User:Suqi/Template:Magikoe N-e decl|ochiro}}
<includeonly><onlyinclude>
==== Synonyms ====

==== Related terms ====
</includeonly></onlyinclude>
[[Category:Magikoe lemmas]]
[[Category:Magikoe nouns]]
[[Category:Magikoe words]]

User:Suqi/Template:Magikoe n-e decl

2026-04-25T22:15:07Z

Suqi:

{| class="mw-collapsed mw-collapsible bluetable"
! colspan="100%" |Declension
|-
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" |
! colspan="2" |Primary Gender ([[w:grammatical_gender|Masculine]])
! colspan="2" |Secondary Gender ([[w:grammatical_gender|Feminine]])
|-
!Unmodified
!Modifiee
!Unmodified
!Modifiee
|-
! rowspan="2" |Basic
![[w:singular number|Singular]]
|d{{{1}}}e
|n{{{1}}}eya
|r{{{1}}}e
|n{{{1}}}en
|-
![[w:plural number|Plural]]
|d{{{1}}}ē
|n{{{1}}}eyai
|r{{{1}}}ē
|n{{{1}}}eni
|-
! rowspan="2" |[[w:Instrumental_case|Instrumental]]
![[w:singular number|Singular]]
|d{{{1}}}ede
|n{{{1}}}eya'
|r{{{1}}}ede
|n{{{1}}}ene
|-
![[w:plural number|Plural]]
|d{{{1}}}ēi
|n{{{1}}}eyae
|r{{{1}}}ēi
|n{{{1}}}eni'
|-
! rowspan="2" |[[w:Lative_case|Lative]]
![[w:singular number|Singular]]
|d{{{1}}}eki
|n{{{1}}}eyayi
|r{{{1}}}eki
|n{{{1}}}eni
|-
![[w:plural number|Plural]]
|d{{{1}}}ē'
|n{{{1}}}eyeyi
|r{{{1}}}ē'
|n{{{1}}}enī
|-
! rowspan="2" |[[w:Vocative_case|Vocative]]
![[w:singular number|Singular]]
|d{{{1}}}eu
|n{{{1}}}eyām
|r{{{1}}}eu
|n{{{1}}}em
|-
![[w:plural number|Plural]]
|d{{{1}}}ēm
|n{{{1}}}eyaun
|r{{{1}}}ēm
|n{{{1}}}enyum
|-
! rowspan="2" |[[w:Benefactive_case|Benefactive]]
![[w:singular number|Singular]]
|d{{{1}}}eō
|n{{{1}}}eyā
|r{{{1}}}eō
|n{{{1}}}emo
|-
![[w:plural number|Plural]]
|d{{{1}}}ēu
|n{{{1}}}eyayo
|r{{{1}}}ēu
|n{{{1}}}eyō
|-
! rowspan="2" |[[w:Translative_case|Translative]]
![[w:singular number|Singular]]
|d{{{1}}}etse
|n{{{1}}}eyate
|r{{{1}}}etse
|n{{{1}}}echi
|-
![[w:plural number|Plural]]
|d{{{1}}}ēhe
|n{{{1}}}eyeite
|r{{{1}}}ēhe
|n{{{1}}}eite
|-
|}

User:Suqi/Template:Magikoe N-e decl

2026-04-25T22:13:50Z

Suqi: Created page with "{| class="mw-collapsed mw-collapsible bluetable" ! colspan="100%" |Declension |- ! colspan="2" rowspan="2" | ! colspan="2" |Primary Gender (Masculine) ! colspan="2" |Secondary Gender (Feminine) |- !Unmodified !Modifiee !Unmodified !Modifiee |- ! rowspan="2" |Basic !Singular |D{{{1}}}e |N{{{1}}}eya |R{{{1}}}e |N{{{1}}}en |- !Plural |D{{{1}}}ē |N{{{1}}}eyai |R{{{1}}}ē |N{{{1}}}eni..."

{| class="mw-collapsed mw-collapsible bluetable"
! colspan="100%" |Declension
|-
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" |
! colspan="2" |Primary Gender ([[w:grammatical_gender|Masculine]])
! colspan="2" |Secondary Gender ([[w:grammatical_gender|Feminine]])
|-
!Unmodified
!Modifiee
!Unmodified
!Modifiee
|-
! rowspan="2" |Basic
![[w:singular number|Singular]]
|D{{{1}}}e
|N{{{1}}}eya
|R{{{1}}}e
|N{{{1}}}en
|-
![[w:plural number|Plural]]
|D{{{1}}}ē
|N{{{1}}}eyai
|R{{{1}}}ē
|N{{{1}}}eni
|-
! rowspan="2" |[[w:Instrumental_case|Instrumental]]
![[w:singular number|Singular]]
|D{{{1}}}ede
|N{{{1}}}eya'
|R{{{1}}}ede
|N{{{1}}}ene
|-
![[w:plural number|Plural]]
|D{{{1}}}ēi
|N{{{1}}}eyae
|R{{{1}}}ēi
|N{{{1}}}eni'
|-
! rowspan="2" |[[w:Lative_case|Lative]]
![[w:singular number|Singular]]
|D{{{1}}}eki
|N{{{1}}}eyayi
|R{{{1}}}eki
|N{{{1}}}eni
|-
![[w:plural number|Plural]]
|D{{{1}}}ē'
|N{{{1}}}eyeyi
|R{{{1}}}ē'
|N{{{1}}}enī
|-
! rowspan="2" |[[w:Vocative_case|Vocative]]
![[w:singular number|Singular]]
|D{{{1}}}eu
|N{{{1}}}eyām
|R{{{1}}}eu
|N{{{1}}}em
|-
![[w:plural number|Plural]]
|D{{{1}}}ēm
|N{{{1}}}eyaun
|R{{{1}}}ēm
|N{{{1}}}enyum
|-
! rowspan="2" |[[w:Benefactive_case|Benefactive]]
![[w:singular number|Singular]]
|D{{{1}}}eō
|N{{{1}}}eyā
|R{{{1}}}eō
|N{{{1}}}emo
|-
![[w:plural number|Plural]]
|D{{{1}}}ēu
|N{{{1}}}eyayo
|R{{{1}}}ēu
|N{{{1}}}eyō
|-
! rowspan="2" |[[w:Translative_case|Translative]]
![[w:singular number|Singular]]
|D{{{1}}}etse
|N{{{1}}}eyate
|R{{{1}}}etse
|N{{{1}}}echi
|-
![[w:plural number|Plural]]
|D{{{1}}}ēhe
|N{{{1}}}eyeite
|R{{{1}}}ēhe
|N{{{1}}}eite
|-
|}

Contionary:Dochiroe

2026-04-25T22:08:19Z

Suqi:

== Magikoe ==
<includeonly><onlyinclude>
=== Alternative forms ===

=== Etymology ===
</includeonly></onlyinclude>
=== Pronunciation ===
* [[Guide:IPA|IPA]]: {{IPA|/tot͡ʃiɾoe/ [tó.t͡ʃì.ɾòe̯]}}

=== Noun ===
'''Dochiroe''' {{sc|masc}} (''uninflected'' '''[[Nochiroe]]''', ''feminine'' '''[[Rochiroe]]''')

# [[Dochiroe]], the logographic writing system of [[Magikoe]].
#: ''Chi meyām '''Dochiroe''' funuya men.''
#:: ''I can tell this is '''Dochiroe'''.''
<includeonly><onlyinclude>
==== Usage notes ====

==== Derived terms ====
</includeonly></onlyinclude>
==== Inflection ====
{{User:Suqi/Template:Magikoe n-e decl|ochiro}}
<includeonly><onlyinclude>
==== Synonyms ====

==== Related terms ====
</includeonly></onlyinclude>
[[Category:Magikoe lemmas]]
[[Category:Magikoe nouns]]
[[Category:Magikoe words]]

User:Suqi/Template:n-e decl

2026-04-25T21:59:51Z

Suqi:

User:Suqi/Template:n-e decl

2026-04-25T21:59:42Z

Suqi:

User:Suqi/Template:n-e decl

2026-04-25T21:59:31Z

Suqi: Replaced content with "{{speedy|failed to title correctly}}"

User:Suqi/Template:Magikoe n-e decl

2026-04-25T21:58:54Z

{| class="mw-collapsed mw-collapsible bluetable"
! colspan="100%" |Declension
|-
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" |
! colspan="2" |Primary Gender ([[w:grammatical_gender|Masculine]])
! colspan="2" |Secondary Gender ([[w:grammatical_gender|Feminine]])
|-
!Unmodified
!Modifiee
!Unmodified
!Modifiee
|-
! rowspan="2" |Basic
![[w:singular number|Singular]]
|D{{{1}}}e
|N{{{1}}}eya
|R{{{1}}}e
|N{{{1}}}en
|-
![[w:plural number|Plural]]
|D{{{1}}}ē
|N{{{1}}}eyai
|R{{{1}}}ē
|N{{{1}}}eni
|-
! rowspan="2" |[[w:Instrumental_case|Instrumental]]
![[w:singular number|Singular]]
|D{{{1}}}ede
|N{{{1}}}eya'
|R{{{1}}}ede
|N{{{1}}}ene
|-
![[w:plural number|Plural]]
|D{{{1}}}ēi
|N{{{1}}}eyae
|R{{{1}}}ēi
|N{{{1}}}eni'
|-
! rowspan="2" |[[w:Lative_case|Lative]]
![[w:singular number|Singular]]
|D{{{1}}}eki
|N{{{1}}}eyayi
|R{{{1}}}eki
|N{{{1}}}eni
|-
![[w:plural number|Plural]]
|D{{{1}}}ē'
|N{{{1}}}eyeyi
|R{{{1}}}ē'
|N{{{1}}}enī
|-
! rowspan="2" |[[w:Vocative_case|Vocative]]
![[w:singular number|Singular]]
|D{{{1}}}eu
|N{{{1}}}eyām
|R{{{1}}}eu
|N{{{1}}}em
|-
![[w:plural number|Plural]]
|D{{{1}}}ēm
|N{{{1}}}eyaun
|R{{{1}}}ēm
|N{{{1}}}enyum
|-
! rowspan="2" |[[w:Benefactive_case|Benefactive]]
![[w:singular number|Singular]]
|D{{{1}}}eō
|N{{{1}}}eyā
|R{{{1}}}eō
|N{{{1}}}emo
|-
![[w:plural number|Plural]]
|D{{{1}}}ēu
|N{{{1}}}eyayo
|R{{{1}}}ēu
|N{{{1}}}eyō
|-
! rowspan="2" |[[w:Translative_case|Translative]]
![[w:singular number|Singular]]
|D{{{1}}}etse
|N{{{1}}}eyate
|R{{{1}}}etse
|N{{{1}}}echi
|-
![[w:plural number|Plural]]
|D{{{1}}}ēhe
|N{{{1}}}eyeite
|R{{{1}}}ēhe
|N{{{1}}}eite
|-
|}

Contionary:Dochiroe

2026-04-25T21:58:01Z

Suqi:

== Magikoe ==
<includeonly><onlyinclude>
=== Alternative forms ===

=== Etymology ===
</includeonly></onlyinclude>
=== Pronunciation ===
* [[Guide:IPA|IPA]]: {{IPA|/tot͡ʃiɾoe/ [tó.t͡ʃì.ɾòe̯]}}

=== Noun ===
'''Dochiroe''' {{sc|masc}} (''uninflected'' '''[[Nochiroe]]''', ''feminine'' '''[[Rochiroe]]''')

# [[Dochiroe]], the logographic writing system of [[Magikoe]].
#: ''Chi meyām '''Dochiroe''' funuya men.''
#:: ''I can tell this is '''Dochiroe'''.''
<includeonly><onlyinclude>
==== Usage notes ====

==== Derived terms ====
</includeonly></onlyinclude>
==== Inflection ====
{{User:Suqi/Template:Magikoe n-e decl|ochiro}}
<includeonly><onlyinclude>
==== Synonyms ====

==== Related terms ====
</includeonly></onlyinclude>
[[Category:Iwáxa Tui lemmas]]
[[Category:Iwáxa Tui nouns]]
[[Category:Iwáxa Tui words]]

Iwá-a Tui

2026-04-25T21:54:27Z

Suqi: Removed redirect to Iwáxa Tui

Iwá'a Tui

2026-04-25T21:54:07Z

Suqi: Removed redirect to Iwáxa Tui

User:Suqi/Template:Dochiroe conj

2026-04-25T21:53:21Z

Suqi:

User:Suqi/Template:Dochiroe conj

2026-04-25T21:51:48Z

Suqi: Replaced content with "{{Delete}}"

User:Suqi/Template:n-e decl

2026-04-25T21:51:03Z

{| class="mw-collapsed mw-collapsible bluetable"
! colspan="100%" |Declension
|-
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" |
! colspan="2" |Primary Gender ([[w:grammatical_gender|Masculine]])
! colspan="2" |Secondary Gender ([[w:grammatical_gender|Feminine]])
|-
!Unmodified
!Modifiee
!Unmodified
!Modifiee
|-
! rowspan="2" |Basic
![[w:singular number|Singular]]
|D{{{1}}}e
|N{{{1}}}eya
|R{{{1}}}e
|N{{{1}}}en
|-
![[w:plural number|Plural]]
|D{{{1}}}ē
|N{{{1}}}eyai
|R{{{1}}}ē
|N{{{1}}}eni
|-
! rowspan="2" |[[w:Instrumental_case|Instrumental]]
![[w:singular number|Singular]]
|D{{{1}}}ede
|N{{{1}}}eya'
|R{{{1}}}ede
|N{{{1}}}ene
|-
![[w:plural number|Plural]]
|D{{{1}}}ēi
|N{{{1}}}eyae
|R{{{1}}}ēi
|N{{{1}}}eni'
|-
! rowspan="2" |[[w:Lative_case|Lative]]
![[w:singular number|Singular]]
|D{{{1}}}eki
|N{{{1}}}eyayi
|R{{{1}}}eki
|N{{{1}}}eni
|-
![[w:plural number|Plural]]
|D{{{1}}}ē'
|N{{{1}}}eyeyi
|R{{{1}}}ē'
|N{{{1}}}enī
|-
! rowspan="2" |[[w:Vocative_case|Vocative]]
![[w:singular number|Singular]]
|D{{{1}}}eu
|N{{{1}}}eyām
|R{{{1}}}eu
|N{{{1}}}em
|-
![[w:plural number|Plural]]
|D{{{1}}}ēm
|N{{{1}}}eyaun
|R{{{1}}}ēm
|N{{{1}}}enyum
|-
! rowspan="2" |[[w:Benefactive_case|Benefactive]]
![[w:singular number|Singular]]
|D{{{1}}}eō
|N{{{1}}}eyā
|R{{{1}}}eō
|N{{{1}}}emo
|-
![[w:plural number|Plural]]
|D{{{1}}}ēu
|N{{{1}}}eyayo
|R{{{1}}}ēu
|N{{{1}}}eyō
|-
! rowspan="2" |[[w:Translative_case|Translative]]
![[w:singular number|Singular]]
|D{{{1}}}etse
|N{{{1}}}eyate
|R{{{1}}}etse
|N{{{1}}}echi
|-
![[w:plural number|Plural]]
|D{{{1}}}ēhe
|N{{{1}}}eyeite
|R{{{1}}}ēhe
|N{{{1}}}eite
|-
|}

User:Suqi/Template:Dochiroe conj

2026-04-25T21:48:15Z

Suqi:

{|class="mw-collapsed mw-collapsible bluetable"
|-
! colspan="100%"|Declension
|-
! colspan="2" rowspan="2"|
! colspan="2" | Primary Gender ([[w:grammatical_gender|Masculine]])
! colspan="2" | Secondary Gender ([[w:grammatical_gender|Feminine]])
|-
! Unmodified
! Modifiee
! Unmodified
! Modifiee
|-
! rowspan="2" |Basic
! [[w:singular number|Singular]]
| D{{{1}}}e
| N{{{1}}}eya
| R{{{1}}}e
| N{{{1}}}en
|-
![[w:plural number|Plural]]
|D{{{1}}}ē
|N{{{1}}}eyai
|R{{{1}}}ē
|N{{{1}}}eni
|-
! rowspan="2" |[[w:Instrumental_case|Instrumental]]
! [[w:singular number|Singular]]
| D{{{1}}}ede
| N{{{1}}}eya'
| R{{{1}}}ede
| N{{{1}}}ene
|-
![[w:plural number|Plural]]
|D{{{1}}}ēi
|N{{{1}}}eyae
|R{{{1}}}ēi
|N{{{1}}}eni'
|-
! rowspan="2" |[[w:Lative_case|Lative]]
! [[w:singular number|Singular]]
| D{{{1}}}eki
| N{{{1}}}eyayi
| R{{{1}}}eki
| N{{{1}}}eni
|-
![[w:plural number|Plural]]
|D{{{1}}}ē'
|N{{{1}}}eyeyi
|R{{{1}}}ē'
|N{{{1}}}enī
|-
! rowspan="2" |[[w:Vocative_case|Vocative]]
! [[w:singular number|Singular]]
| D{{{1}}}eu
| N{{{1}}}eyām
| R{{{1}}}eu
| N{{{1}}}em
|-
![[w:plural number|Plural]]
|D{{{1}}}ēm
|N{{{1}}}eyaun
|R{{{1}}}ēm
|N{{{1}}}enyum
|-
! rowspan="2" |[[w:Benefactive_case|Benefactive]]
! [[w:singular number|Singular]]
| D{{{1}}}eō
| N{{{1}}}eyā
| R{{{1}}}eō
| N{{{1}}}emo
|-
![[w:plural number|Plural]]
|D{{{1}}}ēu
|N{{{1}}}eyayo
|R{{{1}}}ēu
|N{{{1}}}eyō
|-
! rowspan="2" |[[w:Translative_case|Translative]]
! [[w:singular number|Singular]]
| D{{{1}}}etse
| N{{{1}}}eyate
| R{{{1}}}etse
| N{{{1}}}echi
|-
![[w:plural number|Plural]]
|D{{{1}}}ēhe
|N{{{1}}}eyeite
|R{{{1}}}ēhe
|N{{{1}}}eite
|-
|}

User:Suqi/Template:Dochiroe conj

2026-04-25T21:47:33Z

Suqi:

{|class="mw-collapsed mw-collapsible bluetable"
|-
! colspan="100%"|Declension
|-
! colspan="2" rowspan="2"|
! colspan="2" | Primary Gender ([[w:grammatical_gender|Masculine]])
! colspan="2" | Secondary Gender ([[w:grammatical_gender|Feminine]])
|-
! Unmodified
! Modifiee
! Unmodified
! Modifiee
|-
! rowspan="2" |Basic
! [[w:singular number|Singular]]
| D{{{1}}}e
| N{{{1}}}eya
| R{{{1}}}e
| N{{{1}}}en
|-
![[w:plural number|Plural]]
|D{{{1}}}ē
|N{{{1}}}eyai
|R{{{1}}}ē
|N{{{1}}}eni
|-
! rowspan="2" |[[w:Instrumental_case|Instrumental]]
! [[w:singular number|Singular]]
| D{{{1}}}ede
| N{{{1}}}eya'
| R{{{1}}}ede
| N{{{1}}}ene
|-
![[w:plural number|Plural]]
|D{{{1}}}ēi
|N{{{1}}}eyae
|R{{{1}}}ēi
|N{{{1}}}eni'
|-
! rowspan="2" |[[w:Allative_case|Allative]]
! [[w:singular number|Singular]]
| D{{{1}}}eki
| N{{{1}}}eyayi
| R{{{1}}}eki
| N{{{1}}}eni
|-
![[w:plural number|Plural]]
|D{{{1}}}ē'
|N{{{1}}}eyeyi
|R{{{1}}}ē'
|N{{{1}}}enī
|-
! rowspan="2" |[[w:Vocative_case|Vocative]]
! [[w:singular number|Singular]]
| D{{{1}}}eu
| N{{{1}}}eyām
| R{{{1}}}eu
| N{{{1}}}em
|-
![[w:plural number|Plural]]
|D{{{1}}}ēm
|N{{{1}}}eyaun
|R{{{1}}}ēm
|N{{{1}}}enyum
|-
! rowspan="2" |[[w:Benefactive_case|Benefactive]]
! [[w:singular number|Singular]]
| D{{{1}}}eō
| N{{{1}}}eyā
| R{{{1}}}eō
| N{{{1}}}emo
|-
![[w:plural number|Plural]]
|D{{{1}}}ēu
|N{{{1}}}eyayo
|R{{{1}}}ēu
|N{{{1}}}eyō
|-
! rowspan="2" |[[w:Translative_case|Translative]]
! [[w:singular number|Singular]]
| D{{{1}}}etse
| N{{{1}}}eyate
| R{{{1}}}etse
| N{{{1}}}echi
|-
![[w:plural number|Plural]]
|D{{{1}}}ēhe
|N{{{1}}}eyeite
|R{{{1}}}ēhe
|N{{{1}}}eite
|-
|}

Contionary:Dochiroe

2026-04-25T21:47:20Z

Suqi: Created page with "== Magikoe == <includeonly><onlyinclude> === Alternative forms === === Etymology === </includeonly></onlyinclude> === Pronunciation === * IPA: {{IPA|/tot͡ʃiɾoe/ [tó.t͡ʃì.ɾòe̯]}} === Noun === '''Dochiroe''' {{sc|masc}} (''uninflected'' '''Nochiroe''', ''feminine'' '''Rochiroe''') # Dochiroe, the logographic writing system of Magikoe. #: ''Chi meyām '''Dochiroe''' funuya men.'' #:: ''I can tell this is '''Dochiroe'''.'' <includeo..."

== Magikoe ==
<includeonly><onlyinclude>
=== Alternative forms ===

=== Etymology ===
</includeonly></onlyinclude>
=== Pronunciation ===
* [[Guide:IPA|IPA]]: {{IPA|/tot͡ʃiɾoe/ [tó.t͡ʃì.ɾòe̯]}}

=== Noun ===
'''Dochiroe''' {{sc|masc}} (''uninflected'' '''[[Nochiroe]]''', ''feminine'' '''[[Rochiroe]]''')

# [[Dochiroe]], the logographic writing system of [[Magikoe]].
#: ''Chi meyām '''Dochiroe''' funuya men.''
#:: ''I can tell this is '''Dochiroe'''.''
<includeonly><onlyinclude>
==== Usage notes ====

==== Derived terms ====
</includeonly></onlyinclude>
==== Inflection ====
{{User:Suqi/Template:Dochiroe_conj|ochiro}}
<includeonly><onlyinclude>
==== Synonyms ====

==== Related terms ====
</includeonly></onlyinclude>
[[Category:Iwáxa Tui lemmas]]
[[Category:Iwáxa Tui nouns]]
[[Category:Iwáxa Tui words]]

User:Suqi/Template:Dochiroe conj

2026-04-25T21:41:32Z

Suqi:

{|class="mw-uncollapsed mw-collapsible bluetable"
|-
! colspan="100%"|Declension
|-
! colspan="2" rowspan="2"|
! colspan="2" | Primary Gender ([[w:grammatical_gender|Masculine]])
! colspan="2" | Secondary Gender ([[w:grammatical_gender|Feminine]])
|-
! Unmodified
! Modifiee
! Unmodified
! Modifiee
|-
! rowspan="2" |Basic
! [[w:singular number|Singular]]
| D{{{1}}}e
| N{{{1}}}eya
| R{{{1}}}e
| N{{{1}}}en
|-
![[w:plural number|Plural]]
|D{{{1}}}ē
|N{{{1}}}eyai
|R{{{1}}}ē
|N{{{1}}}eni
|-
! rowspan="2" |[[w:Instrumental_case|Instrumental]]
! [[w:singular number|Singular]]
| D{{{1}}}ede
| N{{{1}}}eya'
| R{{{1}}}ede
| N{{{1}}}ene
|-
![[w:plural number|Plural]]
|D{{{1}}}ēi
|N{{{1}}}eyae
|R{{{1}}}ēi
|N{{{1}}}eni'
|-
! rowspan="2" |[[w:Allative_case|Allative]]
! [[w:singular number|Singular]]
| D{{{1}}}eki
| N{{{1}}}eyayi
| R{{{1}}}eki
| N{{{1}}}eni
|-
![[w:plural number|Plural]]
|D{{{1}}}ē'
|N{{{1}}}eyeyi
|R{{{1}}}ē'
|N{{{1}}}enī
|-
! rowspan="2" |[[w:Vocative_case|Vocative]]
! [[w:singular number|Singular]]
| D{{{1}}}eu
| N{{{1}}}eyām
| R{{{1}}}eu
| N{{{1}}}em
|-
![[w:plural number|Plural]]
|D{{{1}}}ēm
|N{{{1}}}eyaun
|R{{{1}}}ēm
|N{{{1}}}enyum
|-
! rowspan="2" |[[w:Benefactive_case|Benefactive]]
! [[w:singular number|Singular]]
| D{{{1}}}eō
| N{{{1}}}eyā
| R{{{1}}}eō
| N{{{1}}}emo
|-
![[w:plural number|Plural]]
|D{{{1}}}ēu
|N{{{1}}}eyayo
|R{{{1}}}ēu
|N{{{1}}}eyō
|-
! rowspan="2" |[[w:Translative_case|Translative]]
! [[w:singular number|Singular]]
| D{{{1}}}etse
| N{{{1}}}eyate
| R{{{1}}}etse
| N{{{1}}}echi
|-
![[w:plural number|Plural]]
|D{{{1}}}ēhe
|N{{{1}}}eyeite
|R{{{1}}}ēhe
|N{{{1}}}eite
|-
|}

User:Suqi/Template:Dochiroe conj

2026-04-25T21:37:45Z

Suqi:

{|class="mw-uncollapsed mw-collapsible bluetable"
|-
! colspan="100%"|Conjugation
|-
! colspan="2" rowspan="2"|
! colspan="2" | Primary Gender ([[w:grammatical_gender|Masculine]])
! colspan="2" | Secondary Gender ([[w:grammatical_gender|Feminine]])
|-
! Unmodified
! Modifiee
! Unmodified
! Modifiee
|-
! rowspan="2" |Basic
! [[w:singular number|Singular]]
| D{{{1}}}e
| N{{{1}}}eya
| R{{{1}}}e
| N{{{1}}}en
|-
![[w:plural number|Plural]]
|D{{{1}}}ē
|N{{{1}}}eyai
|R{{{1}}}ē
|N{{{1}}}eni
|-
! rowspan="2" |[[w:Instrumental_case|Instrumental]]
! [[w:singular number|Singular]]
| D{{{1}}}ede
| N{{{1}}}eya'
| R{{{1}}}ede
| N{{{1}}}ene
|-
![[w:plural number|Plural]]
|D{{{1}}}ēi
|N{{{1}}}eyae
|R{{{1}}}ēi
|N{{{1}}}eni'
|-
! rowspan="2" |[[w:Allative_case|Allative]]
! [[w:singular number|Singular]]
| D{{{1}}}eki
| N{{{1}}}eyayi
| R{{{1}}}eki
| N{{{1}}}eni
|-
![[w:plural number|Plural]]
|D{{{1}}}ē'
|N{{{1}}}eyeyi
|R{{{1}}}ē'
|N{{{1}}}enī
|-
! rowspan="2" |[[w:Vocative_case|Vocative]]
! [[w:singular number|Singular]]
| D{{{1}}}eu
| N{{{1}}}eyām
| R{{{1}}}eu
| N{{{1}}}em
|-
![[w:plural number|Plural]]
|D{{{1}}}ēm
|N{{{1}}}eyaun
|R{{{1}}}ēm
|N{{{1}}}enyum
|-
! rowspan="2" |[[w:Benefactive_case|Benefactive]]
! [[w:singular number|Singular]]
| D{{{1}}}eō
| N{{{1}}}eyā
| R{{{1}}}eō
| N{{{1}}}emo
|-
![[w:plural number|Plural]]
|D{{{1}}}ēu
|N{{{1}}}eyayo
|R{{{1}}}ēu
|N{{{1}}}eyō
|-
! rowspan="2" |[[w:Translative_case|Translative]]
! [[w:singular number|Singular]]
| D{{{1}}}etse
| N{{{1}}}eyate
| R{{{1}}}etse
| N{{{1}}}echi
|-
![[w:plural number|Plural]]
|D{{{1}}}ēhe
|N{{{1}}}eyeite
|R{{{1}}}ēhe
|N{{{1}}}eite
|-
|}

User:Suqi/Template:Dochiroe conj

2026-04-25T21:25:37Z

Suqi:

{|class="mw-uncollapsed mw-collapsible bluetable"
|-
! colspan="100%"|Conjugation
|-
! colspan="2" rowspan="2"|
! colspan="2" | Primary Gender ([[w:grammatical_gender|Masculine]])
! colspan="2" | Secondary Gender ([[w:grammatical_gender|Feminine]])
|-
! Unmodified
! Modifiee
! Unmodified
! Modifiee
|-
! rowspan="2" |Basic
! [[w:singular number|Singular]]
| D{{{1}}}
| N{{{1}}}ya
| R{{{1}}}
| N{{{1}}}n
|-
![[w:plural number|Plural]]
|D{{{1}}}e
|N{{{1}}}yai
|R{{{1}}}e
|N{{{1}}}ni
|-
! rowspan="2" |[[w:Instrumental_case|Instrumental]]
! [[w:singular number|Singular]]
| D{{{1}}}de
| N{{{1}}}ya'
| R{{{1}}}de
| N{{{1}}}ne
|-
![[w:plural number|Plural]]
|D{{{1}}}ede
|N{{{1}}}yae
|R{{{1}}}ede
|N{{{1}}}ni'
|-
! rowspan="2" |[[w:Allative_case|Allative]]
! [[w:singular number|Singular]]
| D{{{1}}}ki
| N{{{1}}}yayi
| R{{{1}}}ki
| N{{{1}}}ni
|-
![[w:plural number|Plural]]
|D{{{1}}}i'i
|N{{{1}}}yeyi
|R{{{1}}}i'i
|N{{{1}}}nī
|-
! rowspan="2" |[[w:Vocative_case|Vocative]]
! [[w:singular number|Singular]]
| D{{{1}}}u
| N{{{1}}}yām
| R{{{1}}}u
| N{{{1}}}m
|-
![[w:plural number|Plural]]
|D{{{1}}}yu
|N{{{1}}}yaun
|R{{{1}}}yu
|N{{{1}}}nyum
|-
! rowspan="2" |[[w:Benefactive_case|Benefactive]]
! [[w:singular number|Singular]]
| D{{{1}}}ō
| N{{{1}}}yā
| R{{{1}}}ō
| N{{{1}}}mo
|-
![[w:plural number|Plural]]
|D{{{1}}}yo
|N{{{1}}}yayo
|R{{{1}}}yo
|N{{{1}}}yō
|-
! rowspan="2" |[[w:Translative_case|Translative]]
! [[w:singular number|Singular]]
| D{{{1}}}tse
| N{{{1}}}yate
| R{{{1}}}tse
| N{{{1}}}chi
|-
![[w:plural number|Plural]]
|D{{{1}}}iche
|N{{{1}}}yeite
|R{{{1}}}iche
|N{{{1}}}ite
|-
|}

User:Suqi/Template:Dochiroe conj

2026-04-25T21:23:53Z

Suqi:

{|class="mw-uncollapsed mw-collapsible bluetable"
|-
! colspan="100%"|Conjugation
|-
! colspan="2" rowspan="2"|
! colspan="2" | Primary Gender (Masculine)
! colspan="2" | Secondary Gender (Feminine)
|-
! Unmodified
! Modifiee
! Unmodified
! Modifiee
|-
! rowspan="2" |Basic
! [[w:singular number|Singular]]
| D{{{1}}}
| N{{{1}}}ya
| R{{{1}}}
| N{{{1}}}n
|-
![[w:plural number|Plural]]
|D{{{1}}}e
|N{{{1}}}yai
|R{{{1}}}e
|N{{{1}}}ni
|-
! rowspan="2" |[[w:Instrumental_case|Instrumental]]
! [[w:singular number|Singular]]
| D{{{1}}}de
| N{{{1}}}ya'
| R{{{1}}}de
| N{{{1}}}ne
|-
![[w:plural number|Plural]]
|D{{{1}}}ede
|N{{{1}}}yae
|R{{{1}}}ede
|N{{{1}}}ni'
|-
! rowspan="2" |[[w:Allative_case|Allative]]
! [[w:singular number|Singular]]
| D{{{1}}}ki
| N{{{1}}}yayi
| R{{{1}}}ki
| N{{{1}}}ni
|-
![[w:plural number|Plural]]
|D{{{1}}}i'i
|N{{{1}}}yeyi
|R{{{1}}}i'i
|N{{{1}}}nī
|-
! rowspan="2" |[[w:Vocative_case|Vocative]]
! [[w:singular number|Singular]]
| D{{{1}}}u
| N{{{1}}}yām
| R{{{1}}}u
| N{{{1}}}m
|-
![[w:plural number|Plural]]
|D{{{1}}}yu
|N{{{1}}}yaun
|R{{{1}}}yu
|N{{{1}}}nyum
|-
! rowspan="2" |[[w:Benefactive_case|Benefactive]]
! [[w:singular number|Singular]]
| D{{{1}}}ō
| N{{{1}}}yā
| R{{{1}}}ō
| N{{{1}}}mo
|-
![[w:plural number|Plural]]
|D{{{1}}}yo
|N{{{1}}}yayo
|R{{{1}}}yo
|N{{{1}}}yō
|-
! rowspan="2" |[[w:Translative_case|Translative]]
! [[w:singular number|Singular]]
| D{{{1}}}tse
| N{{{1}}}yate
| R{{{1}}}tse
| N{{{1}}}chi
|-
![[w:plural number|Plural]]
|D{{{1}}}iche
|N{{{1}}}yeite
|R{{{1}}}iche
|N{{{1}}}ite
|-
|}

User:Suqi/Template:Dochiroe conj

2026-04-25T21:08:05Z

Suqi: Created page with "{|class="mw-uncollapsed mw-collapsible bluetable" |- ! colspan="100%"|Conjugation |- ! colspan="100%"| Perfect |- ! colspan="2" rowspan="2"| ! colspan="2" | Primary Gender (Masculine) ! colspan="2" | Secondary Gender (Feminine) |- ! Unmodified ! Modifiee ! Unmodified ! Modifiee |- ! rowspan="4"| ! present | {{{1}}}at | {{{1}}}as | {{{1}}}aten | {{{1}}}asen |- ! future | {{{1}}}lyat | {{{1}}}lyas | {{{1}}}lyaten | {{{1}}}lyasen |- ! past | {{{1}}}tát | {{{1}}}tás | {{{1..."

{|class="mw-uncollapsed mw-collapsible bluetable"
|-
! colspan="100%"|Conjugation
|-
! colspan="100%"| Perfect
|-
! colspan="2" rowspan="2"|
! colspan="2" | Primary Gender (Masculine)
! colspan="2" | Secondary Gender (Feminine)
|-
! Unmodified
! Modifiee
! Unmodified
! Modifiee
|-
! rowspan="4"|
! present
| {{{1}}}at
| {{{1}}}as
| {{{1}}}aten
| {{{1}}}asen
|-
! future
| {{{1}}}lyat
| {{{1}}}lyas
| {{{1}}}lyaten
| {{{1}}}lyasen
|-
! past
| {{{1}}}tát
| {{{1}}}tás
| {{{1}}}táten
| {{{1}}}tásen
|-
! historical past
| {{{1}}}yáté
| {{{1}}}yásé
| {{{1}}}yátén
| {{{1}}}yásén
|-
! rowspan="4" |passive
! present
| {{{1}}}nutal
| {{{1}}}nusal
| {{{1}}}nutenal
| {{{1}}}nusenal
|-
! future
| {{{1}}}lyanutal
| {{{1}}}lyanusal
| {{{1}}}lyanutenal
| {{{1}}}lyanusenal
|-
! past
| {{{1}}}tánutal
| {{{1}}}tánusal
| {{{1}}}tánutenal
| {{{1}}}tánusenal
|-
! historical past
| {{{1}}}yátél
| {{{1}}}yásél
| {{{1}}}yáténal
| {{{1}}}yásénal
|-
! colspan="2" rowspan="2"| negative indicative
! colspan="2" | [[w:singular number|singular]]
! colspan="2" | [[w:plural number|plural]]
|-
! [[w:first person|first]]
! [[w:second person|second]]
! [[w:first person|first]]
! [[w:second person|second]]
|-
! rowspan="4" | active
! present
| {{{1}}}arat
| {{{1}}}aras
| {{{1}}}araten
| {{{1}}}arasen
|-
! future
| {{{1}}}lyarat
| {{{1}}}lyaras
| {{{1}}}lyaraten
| {{{1}}}lyarasen
|-
! past
| {{{1}}}tárat
| {{{1}}}táras
| {{{1}}}tárten
| {{{1}}}társen
|-
! historical past
| {{{1}}}yárté
| {{{1}}}yársé
| {{{1}}}yártén
| {{{1}}}yársén
|-
! rowspan="4" | passive
! present
| {{{1}}}artal
| {{{1}}}arsal
| {{{1}}}artenal
| {{{1}}}arsenal
|-
! future
| {{{1}}}alyartal
| {{{1}}}alyarsal
| {{{1}}}alyartenal
| {{{1}}}alyarsenal
|-
! past
| {{{1}}}tártal
| {{{1}}}társal
| {{{1}}}tártenal
| {{{1}}}társenal
|-
! historical past
| {{{1}}}yártél
| {{{1}}}yársél
| {{{1}}}yárténal
| {{{1}}}yársénal
|-
! colspan="100%" | Imperfect
|-
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" | positive indicative
! colspan="2" | [[w:singular number|singular]]
! colspan="2" | [[w:plural number|plural]]
|-
! [[w:first person|first]]
! [[w:second person|second]]
! [[w:first person|first]]
! [[w:second person|second]]
|-
! rowspan="4" | active
! | present
| {{{2}}}at
| {{{2}}}as
| {{{2}}}aten
| {{{2}}}asen
|-
! | future
| {{{2}}}alyat
| {{{2}}}alyas
| {{{2}}}alyaten
| {{{2}}}alyasen
|-
! | past
| {{{2}}}tát
| {{{2}}}tás
| {{{2}}}táten
| {{{2}}}tásen
|-
! historical past
| {{{2}}}yáté
| {{{2}}}yásé
| {{{2}}}yátén
| {{{2}}}yásén
|-
! rowspan="4" | passive
! present
| {{{2}}}nutal
| {{{2}}}nusal
| {{{2}}}nutenal
| {{{2}}}nusenal
|-
! future
| {{{2}}}lyanutal
| {{{2}}}lyanusal
| {{{2}}}lyanutenal
| {{{2}}}lyanusenal
|-
! past
| {{{2}}}tánutal
| {{{2}}}tánusal
| {{{2}}}tánutenal
| {{{2}}}tánusenal
|-
! historical past
| {{{2}}}yátél
| {{{2}}}yásél
| {{{2}}}yáténal
| {{{2}}}yásénal
|-
|}

Magikoe

2026-04-25T19:17:10Z

Suqi: /* Clusivity */

'''Magikoe''' [máɟìkó͜e] is a language.

== Phonology ==
{| class="wikitable"
! colspan="2" |
!Labial
!Alveolar
!Palatal
!Velar
!Glottal
|-
! colspan="2" |Nasal
|m '''m'''
|n '''n'''
|ɲ '''ny'''
|
|
|-
! rowspan="3" |Plosive
!Aspirate
|
|tʰ '''t'''
|
|kʰ '''q'''
|
|-
!Tenuis
|p '''p'''
|t '''d'''
|c '''c'''
|k '''k'''
|ʔ '''’'''
|-
!Voiced
|b '''b'''
|
|
|ɡ '''g'''
|
|-
! colspan="2" |Affricate
|
|t͡s '''ts'''
|t͡ʃ '''ch'''
|
|
|-
! colspan="2" |Fricative
|ɸ '''f'''
|
|
|
|h '''h'''
|-
! colspan="2" |Glide
|w̃ '''w'''
|ɾ '''r'''
|j '''y'''
|
|
|}
{| class="wikitable"
!
! colspan="4" |Front
! colspan="4" |Back
|-
!Close
|i '''i'''
|iː '''ī'''
|
|
|u '''u'''
|uː '''ū'''
|ʉi '''ui'''
|uo '''uo'''
|-
!Mid
|e '''e'''
|eː '''ē'''
|ei '''ei'''
|
|o '''o'''
|oː '''ō'''
|oe '''oe'''
|
|-
!Open
|a '''a'''
|aː '''ā'''
|ai '''ai'''
|au '''au'''
|
|
|
|
|}
There is word-initial stress which is high tone.

/j/ is phonetically front mid [e̯]

Vːm > Ṽːʉ̃ / _%

in un en on an > ĩ(ɲ) ʉ̃(n) ẽ(j̃) ɵ̃(ŋ) ãn / _%

n ɡ e̯ > ɲ ɟ i̯ / _i

V̀ > V̄ / {tʰ,kʰ,ɸ,h}_

== Syntax ==
The word order is Place-Verb-Time-Topic-coverb-Noun-CaseNoun.

The topic overlaps strongly with the typical object of a sentence, as it is given much more importance than the agent in most cases outside of when the agent is being emphasized. Verbs with English translations that imply the subject's agency do not necessarily translate as giving the topic agency in the syntax of Magikoe. An example of this being the verb ''rewo'' meaning "to play music". The sentence ''Huru rewori ko''' translates to "The dog is listening to music" even though the direct translation would say "The dog is playing music". The music is being played, but the topic is not the player of the music.

The topic must be any part of speech. When the topic is not a noun, the preceding word receives the clitic ''-re''.

Adjectives follow nouns they modify.

The place word is not inflected for anything and can be any part of speech.

The post-coverb noun denotes whichever noun fulfills a second role implied by the verb, used for transitive statements.

The verb, topic, and coverb are obligatory in complete sentences. Responses, corrections, and statements of surprise can omit any of them, but the coverb cannot be said alone.

== Morphology ==

=== Number ===
Plurals are formed by adding -''i'' after a word. The vowels /e/, /u/, and /o/ become /eː/, /ʉi/, and /oː/ instead. Plurals are placed after grammatical gender, and only on nouns.

=== Modifiers ===
Modifiers are not marked for plurality, but nouns marked as plurals may become modifiers. In those cases, they take on an additional lexical meaning rather than denoting plurality.

Adjectives are formed by adding ''-e'' after a word. The vowels /e/ and /o/ become /ei and /oi/ instead. The consonant /ʔ/ becomes /c/ instead. Coda /m n/ do not undergo allophony and instead become onset [m ɲ] to the prefix.

=== Gender ===
There are two genders, masculine and feminine, though they do not correspond to masculinity and feminity when applied to humans. They are marked on nouns, verbs, and coverbs.

The first noun (topic) and second noun always have their own gender. Nouns that follow the second noun always agree with the second noun. Nouns in a clause modifying the topic agree with the gender of the topic. Nouns in a clause modifying a non-topic noun or other word agree with the opposite gender of the word they're modifying, a feature called "gender disagreement". Although adjectives are not marked for gender, adjectives are still said to agree with nouns because in clauses modifying an adjective, it's the noun's gender that is disagreed with.

On nouns modified by an adjective, the noun is suffixed by ''-n'' for the feminine and ''-a'' for the masculine. If the feminine suffix follows /n/, it becomes /no/; if it follows /m/, it replaces it and becomes /nne/; and if it follows /ʔ/, it replaces it and becomes /na/. The masculine suffix replaces preceding /ai/ and monophthongs except for /e/ and /u/. When following /a/ or /oe/, the masculine suffix becomes /ja/.

On nouns not modified by an adjective, masculine and feminine nouns are prefixed or dysfixed near the beginning of the word in the following ways:
{| class="wikitable"
!
! colspan="20" |Word-Initial Consonant
|-
!Unmarked
!/Ø/
!/m/
!/n/
!/ɲ/
!/tʰ/
!/kʰ/
!/p/
!/t/
!/c/
!/k/
!/ʔ/
!/b/
!/ɡ/
!/t͡s/
!/t͡ʃ/
!/ɸ/
!/h/
!/w̃/
!/ɾ/
!/j/
|-
!Feminine
|/m/
|/b/
|/ɾ/
|/ɡ/
|/kʰ/
|/k/
|/ɸ/
|/tʰ/
|/t͡ʃ/
|/kʰ/
|/h/
|/w̃/
|/j/
|/kʰ/
|/t͡ʃi/
|/h/
|/ɸ/
|/o/
|/Ø/
|/ej/
|-
!Masculine
|/h/
|/w̃/
|/t/
|/t͡ʃ/
|/h/
|/ɡ/
|/m/
|/n/
|/ɲ/
|/ʔ/
|/k/
|/w̃/
|/kʰ/
|/tʰ/
|/c/
|/m/
|/ʔ/
|/b/
|/j/
|/Ø/
|}
Verbs agree with the gender of the topic. On vebs, feminine gender is marked with the suffix -''ri'', which elides any preceding consonant and /u/ after a nasal, and raises preceding /o/ to [u] if the /o/ after a nasal. The masculine gender is marked with the suffix ''-am'' which combines with word-final vowels /i e u o a/ to make /jaːm eːm oːm aːm am/.

coverbs agree with the gender of the noun following them. If there is no noun, they are not inflected for gender. The feminine gender is marked with the suffix -''ya'', replacing the preceding vowel or consonant, and the masculine gender is marked with the suffix ''-ta'', which becomes ''-da'' after /m n ʔ/, with /m n/ being deleted.

=== Cases ===
There are no syntactic role-marking cases as these are always defined by the semantics of a verb. Cases are marked with suffixes that fuse with gender markers.
{| class="wikitable"
! colspan="3" |
!Instrumental
!Vocative
!Benefactive
!Allative
!Translative
|-
! rowspan="10" |Basic
! rowspan="4" |Singular
!-Ø
| -de
| -u
| -ō
| -ki
| -tse
|-
!-m
| -mbe
| -mon
| -mō
| -mbi
| -mde
|-
!-n
| -nre
| -non
| -nō
| -ngi
| -nhe
|-
!-'
| -'e
| -'u
| -o
| -'ke
| -'te
|-
! rowspan="6" |Plural
!-i
| -e
| -yu
| -yo
| -i'i
| -iche
|-
!-ē
| -ēi
| -ēm
| -ēu
| -ē'
| -ēhe
|-
!-ō
| -ōe
| -ōm
| -ōwo
| -ō'
| -ōfe
|-
!-mi
| -mie
| -mun
| -miu
| -mi'
| -ntse
|-
!-ni
| -nye
| -nun
| -nyu
| -nki
| -nche
|-
!-'i
| -ce
| -cun
| -cu
| -'ki
| -itse
|-
! rowspan="8" |Feminine
! rowspan="4" |Singular
!-n
| -ne
| -m
| -mo
| -ni
| -chi
|-
!-no
| -no'
| -nōn
| -nō
| -noi
| -node
|-
!-ne
| -ne'
| -neon
| -neo
| -nei
| -nechi
|-
!-na
| -na'
| -nam
| -nau
| -na'i
| -nae
|-
! rowspan="4" |Plural
!-ni
| -ni'
| -nyum
| -yō
| -nī
| -ite
|-
!-nō
| -nōe
| -nūm
| -nōu
| -nō'i
| -ote
|-
!-nē
| -nēyi
| -nēum
| -nēo
| -nē'i
| -ete
|-
!-nai
| -naye
| -naun
| -nayu
| -nahi
| -aite
|-
! rowspan="2" |Masculine
!Singular
!-a
| -a'
| -ām
| -ā
| -ayi
| -ate
|-
!Plural
!-ai
| -ae
| -aun
| -ayo
| -eyi
| -eite
|}

== Lexicon ==

=== Pronouns ===
{| class="wikitable"
! colspan="2" rowspan="3" |
! colspan="5" |1P
! colspan="3" |2P
! colspan="2" |3P
! rowspan="3" |Generic
|-
! rowspan="2" |Numberless
! rowspan="2" |Semiplural
! colspan="3" |Plural
! rowspan="2" |Numberless
! rowspan="2" |Semiplural
!Plural
! rowspan="2" |Numberless
! rowspan="2" |Semiplural
|-
!Narrow Inclusive
!Broad Inclusive
!Exclusive
!Broad Inclusive
|-
! rowspan="2" |Feminine
!Typical
| rowspan="2" |men
|en ka'
|aen qi
|aen te
|aon te
| rowspan="2" |ki
|qin ka'
|qin ho
| rowspan="2" |go
|nyon ka'
| -
|-
!Rapid
|enga
|enki
|ende
|ande
|qinga
|qinyo
|nyonga
| -
|-
! rowspan="2" |Masculine
!Typical
| rowspan="2" |hen
|ma ka'
|ara qi
|ara te
|ā te
| rowspan="2" |gi
|qa ka'
|qa ho
| rowspan="2" |cho
|nya ka'
| -
|-
!Rapid
|maga
|raki
|rade
|ade
|qaga
|qao
|nyaga
| -
|-
!Neuter
!Typical
|em
|em ka'
|ari qi
|ari te
|ao te
|qi
|qi ka'
|qi ho
|nyo
|nyo ka'
|en nyo
|}

==== Number ====
Numberless pronouns can be used for both singular and plural contexts, but not if the plurality extends into another personhood category. Semiplurals are generic pronouns but with an emphasis on a specific personhood (e.g. the first person semiplural is a generic pronoun with an emphasis on the speaker).

==== Clusivity ====
When the plurality extends into another personhood category, the pronoun is marked for clusivity. There are three types of clusivity: narrow inclusive, broad inclusive, and exclusive. Narrow inclusivity refers to the exclusion of third person. Broad inclusivity refers to the inclusion of third person. Exclusivity refers to the exclusion of second person.

==== Gender ====
Neuter non-generic pronouns can be used interchangeably with their gendered variants. The gender of a plural pronoun is dependent on the gender of the addressee for inclusive pronouns and the gender of the non-speaker referent for exclusive pronouns.

==== Formality ====
First person semiplural is used most often in formal speech. Second person semiplural is used most often by a social superior to a social inferior. Third person semiplural is most often used in informal speech.

Neuter gender is favored more than feminine or masculine gender in formal speech.

Rapid pronoun forms only occur in informal or neutral formality speech, not formal or very informal speech.

Very informal speech, regardless of speech speed, uses only one pronoun ''ka'' for all semiplurals.

=== Nouns ===
arm: matso (F)

cat: māchi (M)

chest: ofu (F)

cloud: ōfe (M)

dawn: amwai (F)

day: eo (F)

dog: furu (F)

dusk: 'ohoe (M)

ear: emyi (M)

elbow: hanro (F)

eye: kui (F)

face: hapi (M)

foot: ami (F)

hair: mochi (F)

hand: tatsi (F)

head: ita (M)

hips: oedai (M)

human: magi (F)

knee: doko (F)

lake: hegi (M)

leg: awa (F)

moon: kōm (F)

neck: hamdo (M)

night: ie (M)

nose: imu (M)

page: ka'a (F)

paper: magu (F)

pen: noede (F)

rain: imai (F)

river: ūrei (F)

sea: tanga (M)

shoulder: omuo (M)

stars: ipari (F)

sun: heo (F)

tongue: koe (M)

waist: onī (M)

=== Verb ===
come: abu (as a coverb, denotes futureness or purpose)

give: ene (as a coverb, denotes benefit or positivity)

have: a'da (as a coverb, denotes pastness, completion, or experience)

leave: tetso (as a coverb, denotes purpose, unknown outcome or freedom)

lie down: funui (as a coverb, denotes ease or willingness)

play music: rewo

see: mei

sit: ko' (as a coverb, denotes presentness or focus)

speak: watsai (as a coverb, denotes hearsay, hypotheticals, or concepts)

stay: qoi (as a coverb, denotes simultaneity)

write: tamu

Magikoe

2026-04-25T19:00:15Z

Suqi: /* Formality */

'''Magikoe''' [máɟìkó͜e] is a language.

== Phonology ==
{| class="wikitable"
! colspan="2" |
!Labial
!Alveolar
!Palatal
!Velar
!Glottal
|-
! colspan="2" |Nasal
|m '''m'''
|n '''n'''
|ɲ '''ny'''
|
|
|-
! rowspan="3" |Plosive
!Aspirate
|
|tʰ '''t'''
|
|kʰ '''q'''
|
|-
!Tenuis
|p '''p'''
|t '''d'''
|c '''c'''
|k '''k'''
|ʔ '''’'''
|-
!Voiced
|b '''b'''
|
|
|ɡ '''g'''
|
|-
! colspan="2" |Affricate
|
|t͡s '''ts'''
|t͡ʃ '''ch'''
|
|
|-
! colspan="2" |Fricative
|ɸ '''f'''
|
|
|
|h '''h'''
|-
! colspan="2" |Glide
|w̃ '''w'''
|ɾ '''r'''
|j '''y'''
|
|
|}
{| class="wikitable"
!
! colspan="4" |Front
! colspan="4" |Back
|-
!Close
|i '''i'''
|iː '''ī'''
|
|
|u '''u'''
|uː '''ū'''
|ʉi '''ui'''
|uo '''uo'''
|-
!Mid
|e '''e'''
|eː '''ē'''
|ei '''ei'''
|
|o '''o'''
|oː '''ō'''
|oe '''oe'''
|
|-
!Open
|a '''a'''
|aː '''ā'''
|ai '''ai'''
|au '''au'''
|
|
|
|
|}
There is word-initial stress which is high tone.

/j/ is phonetically front mid [e̯]

Vːm > Ṽːʉ̃ / _%

in un en on an > ĩ(ɲ) ʉ̃(n) ẽ(j̃) ɵ̃(ŋ) ãn / _%

n ɡ e̯ > ɲ ɟ i̯ / _i

V̀ > V̄ / {tʰ,kʰ,ɸ,h}_

== Syntax ==
The word order is Place-Verb-Time-Topic-coverb-Noun-CaseNoun.

The topic overlaps strongly with the typical object of a sentence, as it is given much more importance than the agent in most cases outside of when the agent is being emphasized. Verbs with English translations that imply the subject's agency do not necessarily translate as giving the topic agency in the syntax of Magikoe. An example of this being the verb ''rewo'' meaning "to play music". The sentence ''Huru rewori ko''' translates to "The dog is listening to music" even though the direct translation would say "The dog is playing music". The music is being played, but the topic is not the player of the music.

The topic must be any part of speech. When the topic is not a noun, the preceding word receives the clitic ''-re''.

Adjectives follow nouns they modify.

The place word is not inflected for anything and can be any part of speech.

The post-coverb noun denotes whichever noun fulfills a second role implied by the verb, used for transitive statements.

The verb, topic, and coverb are obligatory in complete sentences. Responses, corrections, and statements of surprise can omit any of them, but the coverb cannot be said alone.

== Morphology ==

=== Number ===
Plurals are formed by adding -''i'' after a word. The vowels /e/, /u/, and /o/ become /eː/, /ʉi/, and /oː/ instead. Plurals are placed after grammatical gender, and only on nouns.

=== Modifiers ===
Modifiers are not marked for plurality, but nouns marked as plurals may become modifiers. In those cases, they take on an additional lexical meaning rather than denoting plurality.

Adjectives are formed by adding ''-e'' after a word. The vowels /e/ and /o/ become /ei and /oi/ instead. The consonant /ʔ/ becomes /c/ instead. Coda /m n/ do not undergo allophony and instead become onset [m ɲ] to the prefix.

=== Gender ===
There are two genders, masculine and feminine, though they do not correspond to masculinity and feminity when applied to humans. They are marked on nouns, verbs, and coverbs.

The first noun (topic) and second noun always have their own gender. Nouns that follow the second noun always agree with the second noun. Nouns in a clause modifying the topic agree with the gender of the topic. Nouns in a clause modifying a non-topic noun or other word agree with the opposite gender of the word they're modifying, a feature called "gender disagreement". Although adjectives are not marked for gender, adjectives are still said to agree with nouns because in clauses modifying an adjective, it's the noun's gender that is disagreed with.

On nouns modified by an adjective, the noun is suffixed by ''-n'' for the feminine and ''-a'' for the masculine. If the feminine suffix follows /n/, it becomes /no/; if it follows /m/, it replaces it and becomes /nne/; and if it follows /ʔ/, it replaces it and becomes /na/. The masculine suffix replaces preceding /ai/ and monophthongs except for /e/ and /u/. When following /a/ or /oe/, the masculine suffix becomes /ja/.

On nouns not modified by an adjective, masculine and feminine nouns are prefixed or dysfixed near the beginning of the word in the following ways:
{| class="wikitable"
!
! colspan="20" |Word-Initial Consonant
|-
!Unmarked
!/Ø/
!/m/
!/n/
!/ɲ/
!/tʰ/
!/kʰ/
!/p/
!/t/
!/c/
!/k/
!/ʔ/
!/b/
!/ɡ/
!/t͡s/
!/t͡ʃ/
!/ɸ/
!/h/
!/w̃/
!/ɾ/
!/j/
|-
!Feminine
|/m/
|/b/
|/ɾ/
|/ɡ/
|/kʰ/
|/k/
|/ɸ/
|/tʰ/
|/t͡ʃ/
|/kʰ/
|/h/
|/w̃/
|/j/
|/kʰ/
|/t͡ʃi/
|/h/
|/ɸ/
|/o/
|/Ø/
|/ej/
|-
!Masculine
|/h/
|/w̃/
|/t/
|/t͡ʃ/
|/h/
|/ɡ/
|/m/
|/n/
|/ɲ/
|/ʔ/
|/k/
|/w̃/
|/kʰ/
|/tʰ/
|/c/
|/m/
|/ʔ/
|/b/
|/j/
|/Ø/
|}
Verbs agree with the gender of the topic. On vebs, feminine gender is marked with the suffix -''ri'', which elides any preceding consonant and /u/ after a nasal, and raises preceding /o/ to [u] if the /o/ after a nasal. The masculine gender is marked with the suffix ''-am'' which combines with word-final vowels /i e u o a/ to make /jaːm eːm oːm aːm am/.

coverbs agree with the gender of the noun following them. If there is no noun, they are not inflected for gender. The feminine gender is marked with the suffix -''ya'', replacing the preceding vowel or consonant, and the masculine gender is marked with the suffix ''-ta'', which becomes ''-da'' after /m n ʔ/, with /m n/ being deleted.

=== Cases ===
There are no syntactic role-marking cases as these are always defined by the semantics of a verb. Cases are marked with suffixes that fuse with gender markers.
{| class="wikitable"
! colspan="3" |
!Instrumental
!Vocative
!Benefactive
!Allative
!Translative
|-
! rowspan="10" |Basic
! rowspan="4" |Singular
!-Ø
| -de
| -u
| -ō
| -ki
| -tse
|-
!-m
| -mbe
| -mon
| -mō
| -mbi
| -mde
|-
!-n
| -nre
| -non
| -nō
| -ngi
| -nhe
|-
!-'
| -'e
| -'u
| -o
| -'ke
| -'te
|-
! rowspan="6" |Plural
!-i
| -e
| -yu
| -yo
| -i'i
| -iche
|-
!-ē
| -ēi
| -ēm
| -ēu
| -ē'
| -ēhe
|-
!-ō
| -ōe
| -ōm
| -ōwo
| -ō'
| -ōfe
|-
!-mi
| -mie
| -mun
| -miu
| -mi'
| -ntse
|-
!-ni
| -nye
| -nun
| -nyu
| -nki
| -nche
|-
!-'i
| -ce
| -cun
| -cu
| -'ki
| -itse
|-
! rowspan="8" |Feminine
! rowspan="4" |Singular
!-n
| -ne
| -m
| -mo
| -ni
| -chi
|-
!-no
| -no'
| -nōn
| -nō
| -noi
| -node
|-
!-ne
| -ne'
| -neon
| -neo
| -nei
| -nechi
|-
!-na
| -na'
| -nam
| -nau
| -na'i
| -nae
|-
! rowspan="4" |Plural
!-ni
| -ni'
| -nyum
| -yō
| -nī
| -ite
|-
!-nō
| -nōe
| -nūm
| -nōu
| -nō'i
| -ote
|-
!-nē
| -nēyi
| -nēum
| -nēo
| -nē'i
| -ete
|-
!-nai
| -naye
| -naun
| -nayu
| -nahi
| -aite
|-
! rowspan="2" |Masculine
!Singular
!-a
| -a'
| -ām
| -ā
| -ayi
| -ate
|-
!Plural
!-ai
| -ae
| -aun
| -ayo
| -eyi
| -eite
|}

== Lexicon ==

=== Pronouns ===
{| class="wikitable"
! colspan="2" rowspan="3" |
! colspan="5" |1P
! colspan="3" |2P
! colspan="2" |3P
! rowspan="3" |Generic
|-
! rowspan="2" |Numberless
! rowspan="2" |Semiplural
! colspan="3" |Plural
! rowspan="2" |Numberless
! rowspan="2" |Semiplural
!Plural
! rowspan="2" |Numberless
! rowspan="2" |Semiplural
|-
!Narrow Inclusive
!Broad Inclusive
!Exclusive
!Broad Inclusive
|-
! rowspan="2" |Feminine
!Typical
| rowspan="2" |men
|en ka'
|aen qi
|aen te
|aon te
| rowspan="2" |ki
|qin ka'
|qin ho
| rowspan="2" |go
|nyon ka'
| -
|-
!Rapid
|enga
|enki
|ende
|ande
|qinga
|qinyo
|nyonga
| -
|-
! rowspan="2" |Masculine
!Typical
| rowspan="2" |hen
|ma ka'
|ara qi
|ara te
|ā te
| rowspan="2" |gi
|qa ka'
|qa ho
| rowspan="2" |cho
|nya ka'
| -
|-
!Rapid
|maga
|raki
|rade
|ade
|qaga
|qao
|nyaga
| -
|-
!Neuter
!Typical
|em
|em ka'
|ari qi
|ari te
|ao te
|qi
|qi ka'
|qi ho
|nyo
|nyo ka'
|en nyo
|}

==== Number ====
Numberless pronouns can be used for both singular and plural contexts, but not if the plurality extends into another personhood category. Semiplurals are generic pronouns but with an emphasis on a specific personhood (e.g. the first person semiplural is a generic pronoun with an emphasis on the speaker).

==== Clusivity ====
When the plurality extends into another personhood category, the pronoun is marked for clusivity. There are three types of clusivity: narrow inclusive, broad inclusive, and exclusive. Narrow inclusivity refers to the exclusion of third person. Broad inclusivity refers to the inclusion of third person. Exclusivity refers to the exclusivity of second person.

==== Gender ====
Neuter non-generic pronouns can be used interchangeably with their gendered variants. The gender of a plural pronoun is dependent on the gender of the addressee for inclusive pronouns and the gender of the non-speaker referent for exclusive pronouns.

==== Formality ====
First person semiplural is used most often in formal speech. Second person semiplural is used most often by a social superior to a social inferior. Third person semiplural is most often used in informal speech.

Neuter gender is favored more than feminine or masculine gender in formal speech.

Rapid pronoun forms only occur in informal or neutral formality speech, not formal or very informal speech.

Very informal speech, regardless of speech speed, uses only one pronoun ''ka'' for all semiplurals.

=== Nouns ===
arm: matso (F)

cat: māchi (M)

chest: ofu (F)

cloud: ōfe (M)

dawn: amwai (F)

day: eo (F)

dog: furu (F)

dusk: 'ohoe (M)

ear: emyi (M)

elbow: hanro (F)

eye: kui (F)

face: hapi (M)

foot: ami (F)

hair: mochi (F)

hand: tatsi (F)

head: ita (M)

hips: oedai (M)

human: magi (F)

knee: doko (F)

lake: hegi (M)

leg: awa (F)

moon: kōm (F)

neck: hamdo (M)

night: ie (M)

nose: imu (M)

page: ka'a (F)

paper: magu (F)

pen: noede (F)

rain: imai (F)

river: ūrei (F)

sea: tanga (M)

shoulder: omuo (M)

stars: ipari (F)

sun: heo (F)

tongue: koe (M)

waist: onī (M)

=== Verb ===
come: abu (as a coverb, denotes futureness or purpose)

give: ene (as a coverb, denotes benefit or positivity)

have: a'da (as a coverb, denotes pastness, completion, or experience)

leave: tetso (as a coverb, denotes purpose, unknown outcome or freedom)

lie down: funui (as a coverb, denotes ease or willingness)

play music: rewo

see: mei

sit: ko' (as a coverb, denotes presentness or focus)

speak: watsai (as a coverb, denotes hearsay, hypotheticals, or concepts)

stay: qoi (as a coverb, denotes simultaneity)

write: tamu

Magikoe

2026-04-25T18:57:51Z

Suqi:

'''Magikoe''' [máɟìkó͜e] is a language.

== Phonology ==
{| class="wikitable"
! colspan="2" |
!Labial
!Alveolar
!Palatal
!Velar
!Glottal
|-
! colspan="2" |Nasal
|m '''m'''
|n '''n'''
|ɲ '''ny'''
|
|
|-
! rowspan="3" |Plosive
!Aspirate
|
|tʰ '''t'''
|
|kʰ '''q'''
|
|-
!Tenuis
|p '''p'''
|t '''d'''
|c '''c'''
|k '''k'''
|ʔ '''’'''
|-
!Voiced
|b '''b'''
|
|
|ɡ '''g'''
|
|-
! colspan="2" |Affricate
|
|t͡s '''ts'''
|t͡ʃ '''ch'''
|
|
|-
! colspan="2" |Fricative
|ɸ '''f'''
|
|
|
|h '''h'''
|-
! colspan="2" |Glide
|w̃ '''w'''
|ɾ '''r'''
|j '''y'''
|
|
|}
{| class="wikitable"
!
! colspan="4" |Front
! colspan="4" |Back
|-
!Close
|i '''i'''
|iː '''ī'''
|
|
|u '''u'''
|uː '''ū'''
|ʉi '''ui'''
|uo '''uo'''
|-
!Mid
|e '''e'''
|eː '''ē'''
|ei '''ei'''
|
|o '''o'''
|oː '''ō'''
|oe '''oe'''
|
|-
!Open
|a '''a'''
|aː '''ā'''
|ai '''ai'''
|au '''au'''
|
|
|
|
|}
There is word-initial stress which is high tone.

/j/ is phonetically front mid [e̯]

Vːm > Ṽːʉ̃ / _%

in un en on an > ĩ(ɲ) ʉ̃(n) ẽ(j̃) ɵ̃(ŋ) ãn / _%

n ɡ e̯ > ɲ ɟ i̯ / _i

V̀ > V̄ / {tʰ,kʰ,ɸ,h}_

== Syntax ==
The word order is Place-Verb-Time-Topic-coverb-Noun-CaseNoun.

The topic overlaps strongly with the typical object of a sentence, as it is given much more importance than the agent in most cases outside of when the agent is being emphasized. Verbs with English translations that imply the subject's agency do not necessarily translate as giving the topic agency in the syntax of Magikoe. An example of this being the verb ''rewo'' meaning "to play music". The sentence ''Huru rewori ko''' translates to "The dog is listening to music" even though the direct translation would say "The dog is playing music". The music is being played, but the topic is not the player of the music.

The topic must be any part of speech. When the topic is not a noun, the preceding word receives the clitic ''-re''.

Adjectives follow nouns they modify.

The place word is not inflected for anything and can be any part of speech.

The post-coverb noun denotes whichever noun fulfills a second role implied by the verb, used for transitive statements.

The verb, topic, and coverb are obligatory in complete sentences. Responses, corrections, and statements of surprise can omit any of them, but the coverb cannot be said alone.

== Morphology ==

=== Number ===
Plurals are formed by adding -''i'' after a word. The vowels /e/, /u/, and /o/ become /eː/, /ʉi/, and /oː/ instead. Plurals are placed after grammatical gender, and only on nouns.

=== Modifiers ===
Modifiers are not marked for plurality, but nouns marked as plurals may become modifiers. In those cases, they take on an additional lexical meaning rather than denoting plurality.

Adjectives are formed by adding ''-e'' after a word. The vowels /e/ and /o/ become /ei and /oi/ instead. The consonant /ʔ/ becomes /c/ instead. Coda /m n/ do not undergo allophony and instead become onset [m ɲ] to the prefix.

=== Gender ===
There are two genders, masculine and feminine, though they do not correspond to masculinity and feminity when applied to humans. They are marked on nouns, verbs, and coverbs.

The first noun (topic) and second noun always have their own gender. Nouns that follow the second noun always agree with the second noun. Nouns in a clause modifying the topic agree with the gender of the topic. Nouns in a clause modifying a non-topic noun or other word agree with the opposite gender of the word they're modifying, a feature called "gender disagreement". Although adjectives are not marked for gender, adjectives are still said to agree with nouns because in clauses modifying an adjective, it's the noun's gender that is disagreed with.

On nouns modified by an adjective, the noun is suffixed by ''-n'' for the feminine and ''-a'' for the masculine. If the feminine suffix follows /n/, it becomes /no/; if it follows /m/, it replaces it and becomes /nne/; and if it follows /ʔ/, it replaces it and becomes /na/. The masculine suffix replaces preceding /ai/ and monophthongs except for /e/ and /u/. When following /a/ or /oe/, the masculine suffix becomes /ja/.

On nouns not modified by an adjective, masculine and feminine nouns are prefixed or dysfixed near the beginning of the word in the following ways:
{| class="wikitable"
!
! colspan="20" |Word-Initial Consonant
|-
!Unmarked
!/Ø/
!/m/
!/n/
!/ɲ/
!/tʰ/
!/kʰ/
!/p/
!/t/
!/c/
!/k/
!/ʔ/
!/b/
!/ɡ/
!/t͡s/
!/t͡ʃ/
!/ɸ/
!/h/
!/w̃/
!/ɾ/
!/j/
|-
!Feminine
|/m/
|/b/
|/ɾ/
|/ɡ/
|/kʰ/
|/k/
|/ɸ/
|/tʰ/
|/t͡ʃ/
|/kʰ/
|/h/
|/w̃/
|/j/
|/kʰ/
|/t͡ʃi/
|/h/
|/ɸ/
|/o/
|/Ø/
|/ej/
|-
!Masculine
|/h/
|/w̃/
|/t/
|/t͡ʃ/
|/h/
|/ɡ/
|/m/
|/n/
|/ɲ/
|/ʔ/
|/k/
|/w̃/
|/kʰ/
|/tʰ/
|/c/
|/m/
|/ʔ/
|/b/
|/j/
|/Ø/
|}
Verbs agree with the gender of the topic. On vebs, feminine gender is marked with the suffix -''ri'', which elides any preceding consonant and /u/ after a nasal, and raises preceding /o/ to [u] if the /o/ after a nasal. The masculine gender is marked with the suffix ''-am'' which combines with word-final vowels /i e u o a/ to make /jaːm eːm oːm aːm am/.

coverbs agree with the gender of the noun following them. If there is no noun, they are not inflected for gender. The feminine gender is marked with the suffix -''ya'', replacing the preceding vowel or consonant, and the masculine gender is marked with the suffix ''-ta'', which becomes ''-da'' after /m n ʔ/, with /m n/ being deleted.

=== Cases ===
There are no syntactic role-marking cases as these are always defined by the semantics of a verb. Cases are marked with suffixes that fuse with gender markers.
{| class="wikitable"
! colspan="3" |
!Instrumental
!Vocative
!Benefactive
!Allative
!Translative
|-
! rowspan="10" |Basic
! rowspan="4" |Singular
!-Ø
| -de
| -u
| -ō
| -ki
| -tse
|-
!-m
| -mbe
| -mon
| -mō
| -mbi
| -mde
|-
!-n
| -nre
| -non
| -nō
| -ngi
| -nhe
|-
!-'
| -'e
| -'u
| -o
| -'ke
| -'te
|-
! rowspan="6" |Plural
!-i
| -e
| -yu
| -yo
| -i'i
| -iche
|-
!-ē
| -ēi
| -ēm
| -ēu
| -ē'
| -ēhe
|-
!-ō
| -ōe
| -ōm
| -ōwo
| -ō'
| -ōfe
|-
!-mi
| -mie
| -mun
| -miu
| -mi'
| -ntse
|-
!-ni
| -nye
| -nun
| -nyu
| -nki
| -nche
|-
!-'i
| -ce
| -cun
| -cu
| -'ki
| -itse
|-
! rowspan="8" |Feminine
! rowspan="4" |Singular
!-n
| -ne
| -m
| -mo
| -ni
| -chi
|-
!-no
| -no'
| -nōn
| -nō
| -noi
| -node
|-
!-ne
| -ne'
| -neon
| -neo
| -nei
| -nechi
|-
!-na
| -na'
| -nam
| -nau
| -na'i
| -nae
|-
! rowspan="4" |Plural
!-ni
| -ni'
| -nyum
| -yō
| -nī
| -ite
|-
!-nō
| -nōe
| -nūm
| -nōu
| -nō'i
| -ote
|-
!-nē
| -nēyi
| -nēum
| -nēo
| -nē'i
| -ete
|-
!-nai
| -naye
| -naun
| -nayu
| -nahi
| -aite
|-
! rowspan="2" |Masculine
!Singular
!-a
| -a'
| -ām
| -ā
| -ayi
| -ate
|-
!Plural
!-ai
| -ae
| -aun
| -ayo
| -eyi
| -eite
|}

== Lexicon ==

=== Pronouns ===
{| class="wikitable"
! colspan="2" rowspan="3" |
! colspan="5" |1P
! colspan="3" |2P
! colspan="2" |3P
! rowspan="3" |Generic
|-
! rowspan="2" |Numberless
! rowspan="2" |Semiplural
! colspan="3" |Plural
! rowspan="2" |Numberless
! rowspan="2" |Semiplural
!Plural
! rowspan="2" |Numberless
! rowspan="2" |Semiplural
|-
!Narrow Inclusive
!Broad Inclusive
!Exclusive
!Broad Inclusive
|-
! rowspan="2" |Feminine
!Typical
| rowspan="2" |men
|en ka'
|aen qi
|aen te
|aon te
| rowspan="2" |ki
|qin ka'
|qin ho
| rowspan="2" |go
|nyon ka'
| -
|-
!Rapid
|enga
|enki
|ende
|ande
|qinga
|qinyo
|nyonga
| -
|-
! rowspan="2" |Masculine
!Typical
| rowspan="2" |hen
|ma ka'
|ara qi
|ara te
|ā te
| rowspan="2" |gi
|qa ka'
|qa ho
| rowspan="2" |cho
|nya ka'
| -
|-
!Rapid
|maga
|raki
|rade
|ade
|qaga
|qao
|nyaga
| -
|-
!Neuter
!Typical
|em
|em ka'
|ari qi
|ari te
|ao te
|qi
|qi ka'
|qi ho
|nyo
|nyo ka'
|en nyo
|}

==== Number ====
Numberless pronouns can be used for both singular and plural contexts, but not if the plurality extends into another personhood category. Semiplurals are generic pronouns but with an emphasis on a specific personhood (e.g. the first person semiplural is a generic pronoun with an emphasis on the speaker).

==== Clusivity ====
When the plurality extends into another personhood category, the pronoun is marked for clusivity. There are three types of clusivity: narrow inclusive, broad inclusive, and exclusive. Narrow inclusivity refers to the exclusion of third person. Broad inclusivity refers to the inclusion of third person. Exclusivity refers to the exclusivity of second person.

==== Gender ====
Neuter non-generic pronouns can be used interchangeably with their gendered variants. The gender of a plural pronoun is dependent on the gender of the addressee for inclusive pronouns and the gender of the non-speaker referent for exclusive pronouns.

==== Formality ====
First person semiplural is used most often in formal speech. Second person semiplural is used most often by a social superior to a social inferior. Third person semiplural is most often used in informal speech.

Neuter gender is favored more than feminine or masculine gender in formal speech. Because of this, feminine and masculine forms are more often subject to rapid speech, in which they change into their "rapid" variants.

Very informal speech, regardless of speech speed, uses only one pronoun ''ka'' for all semiplurals.

=== Nouns ===
arm: matso (F)

cat: māchi (M)

chest: ofu (F)

cloud: ōfe (M)

dawn: amwai (F)

day: eo (F)

dog: furu (F)

dusk: 'ohoe (M)

ear: emyi (M)

elbow: hanro (F)

eye: kui (F)

face: hapi (M)

foot: ami (F)

hair: mochi (F)

hand: tatsi (F)

head: ita (M)

hips: oedai (M)

human: magi (F)

knee: doko (F)

lake: hegi (M)

leg: awa (F)

moon: kōm (F)

neck: hamdo (M)

night: ie (M)

nose: imu (M)

page: ka'a (F)

paper: magu (F)

pen: noede (F)

rain: imai (F)

river: ūrei (F)

sea: tanga (M)

shoulder: omuo (M)

stars: ipari (F)

sun: heo (F)

tongue: koe (M)

waist: onī (M)

=== Verb ===
come: abu (as a coverb, denotes futureness or purpose)

give: ene (as a coverb, denotes benefit or positivity)

have: a'da (as a coverb, denotes pastness, completion, or experience)

leave: tetso (as a coverb, denotes purpose, unknown outcome or freedom)

lie down: funui (as a coverb, denotes ease or willingness)

play music: rewo

see: mei

sit: ko' (as a coverb, denotes presentness or focus)

speak: watsai (as a coverb, denotes hearsay, hypotheticals, or concepts)

stay: qoi (as a coverb, denotes simultaneity)

write: tamu

Magikoe

2026-04-24T01:22:44Z

Suqi: /* Verb */

'''Magikoe''' [máɟìkó͜e] is a language.

== Phonology ==
{| class="wikitable"
! colspan="2" |
!Labial
!Alveolar
!Palatal
!Velar
!Glottal
|-
! colspan="2" |Nasal
|m '''m'''
|n '''n'''
|ɲ '''ny'''
|
|
|-
! rowspan="3" |Plosive
!Aspirate
|
|tʰ '''t'''
|
|kʰ '''q'''
|
|-
!Tenuis
|p '''p'''
|t '''d'''
|c '''c'''
|k '''k'''
|ʔ '''’'''
|-
!Voiced
|b '''b'''
|
|
|ɡ '''g'''
|
|-
! colspan="2" |Affricate
|
|t͡s '''ts'''
|t͡ʃ '''ch'''
|
|
|-
! colspan="2" |Fricative
|ɸ '''f'''
|
|
|
|h '''h'''
|-
! colspan="2" |Glide
|w̃ '''w'''
|ɾ '''r'''
|j '''y'''
|
|
|}
{| class="wikitable"
!
! colspan="4" |Front
! colspan="4" |Back
|-
!Close
|i '''i'''
|iː '''ī'''
|
|
|u '''u'''
|uː '''ū'''
|ʉi '''ui'''
|uo '''uo'''
|-
!Mid
|e '''e'''
|eː '''ē'''
|ei '''ei'''
|
|o '''o'''
|oː '''ō'''
|oe '''oe'''
|
|-
!Open
|a '''a'''
|aː '''ā'''
|ai '''ai'''
|au '''au'''
|
|
|
|
|}
There is word-initial stress which is high tone.

/j/ is phonetically front mid [e̯]

Vːm > Ṽːʉ̃ / _%

in un en on an > ĩ(ɲ) ʉ̃(n) ẽ(j̃) ɵ̃(ŋ) ãn / _%

n ɡ e̯ > ɲ ɟ i̯ / _i

V̀ > V̄ / {tʰ,kʰ,ɸ,h}_

== Syntax ==
The word order is Place-Verb-Time-Topic-coverb-Noun-CaseNoun.

The topic overlaps strongly with the typical object of a sentence, as it is given much more importance than the agent in most cases outside of when the agent is being emphasized. Verbs with English translations that imply the subject's agency do not necessarily translate as giving the topic agency in the syntax of Magikoe. An example of this being the verb ''rewo'' meaning "to play music". The sentence ''Huru rewori ko''' translates to "The dog is listening to music" even though the direct translation would say "The dog is playing music". The music is being played, but the topic is not the player of the music.

The topic must be any part of speech. When the topic is not a noun, the preceding word receives the clitic ''-re''.

Adjectives follow nouns they modify.

The place word is not inflected for anything and can be any part of speech.

The post-coverb noun denotes whichever noun fulfills a second role implied by the verb, used for transitive statements.

The verb, topic, and coverb are obligatory in complete sentences. Responses, corrections, and statements of surprise can omit any of them, but the coverb cannot be said alone.

== Morphology ==

=== Number ===
Plurals are formed by adding -''i'' after a word. The vowels /e/, /u/, and /o/ become /eː/, /ʉi/, and /oː/ instead. Plurals are placed after grammatical gender, and only on nouns.

=== Modifiers ===
Modifiers are not marked for plurality, but nouns marked as plurals may become modifiers. In those cases, they take on an additional lexical meaning rather than denoting plurality.

Adjectives are formed by adding ''-e'' after a word. The vowels /e/ and /o/ become /ei and /oi/ instead. The consonant /ʔ/ becomes /c/ instead. Coda /m n/ do not undergo allophony and instead become onset [m ɲ] to the prefix.

=== Gender ===
There are two genders, masculine and feminine, though they do not correspond to masculinity and feminity when applied to humans. They are marked on nouns, verbs, and coverbs.

The first noun (topic) and second noun always have their own gender. Nouns that follow the second noun always agree with the second noun. Nouns in a clause modifying the topic agree with the gender of the topic. Nouns in a clause modifying a non-topic noun or other word agree with the opposite gender of the word they're modifying, a feature called "gender disagreement". Although adjectives are not marked for gender, adjectives are still said to agree with nouns because in clauses modifying an adjective, it's the noun's gender that is disagreed with.

On nouns modified by an adjective, the noun is suffixed by ''-n'' for the feminine and ''-a'' for the masculine. If the feminine suffix follows /n/, it becomes /no/; if it follows /m/, it replaces it and becomes /nne/; and if it follows /ʔ/, it replaces it and becomes /na/. The masculine suffix replaces preceding /ai/ and monophthongs except for /e/ and /u/. When following /a/ or /oe/, the masculine suffix becomes /ja/.

On nouns not modified by an adjective, masculine and feminine nouns are prefixed or dysfixed near the beginning of the word in the following ways:
{| class="wikitable"
!
! colspan="20" |Word-Initial Consonant
|-
!Unmarked
!/Ø/
!/m/
!/n/
!/ɲ/
!/tʰ/
!/kʰ/
!/p/
!/t/
!/c/
!/k/
!/ʔ/
!/b/
!/ɡ/
!/t͡s/
!/t͡ʃ/
!/ɸ/
!/h/
!/w̃/
!/ɾ/
!/j/
|-
!Feminine
|/m/
|/b/
|/ɾ/
|/ɡ/
|/kʰ/
|/k/
|/ɸ/
|/tʰ/
|/t͡ʃ/
|/kʰ/
|/h/
|/w̃/
|/j/
|/kʰ/
|/t͡ʃi/
|/h/
|/ɸ/
|/o/
|/Ø/
|/ej/
|-
!Masculine
|/h/
|/w̃/
|/t/
|/t͡ʃ/
|/h/
|/ɡ/
|/m/
|/n/
|/ɲ/
|/ʔ/
|/k/
|/w̃/
|/kʰ/
|/tʰ/
|/c/
|/m/
|/ʔ/
|/b/
|/j/
|/Ø/
|}
Verbs agree with the gender of the topic. On vebs, feminine gender is marked with the suffix -''ri'', which elides any preceding consonant and /u/ after a nasal, and raises preceding /o/ to [u] if the /o/ after a nasal. The masculine gender is marked with the suffix ''-am'' which combines with word-final vowels /i e u o a/ to make /jaːm eːm oːm aːm am/.

coverbs agree with the gender of the noun following them. If there is no noun, they are not inflected for gender. The feminine gender is marked with the suffix -''ya'', replacing the preceding vowel or consonant, and the masculine gender is marked with the suffix ''-ta'', which becomes ''-da'' after /m n ʔ/, with /m n/ being deleted.

=== Cases ===
There are no syntactic role-marking cases as these are always defined by the semantics of a verb. Cases are marked with suffixes that fuse with gender markers.
{| class="wikitable"
! colspan="3" |
!Instrumental
!Vocative
!Benefactive
!Allative
!Translative
|-
! rowspan="10" |Basic
! rowspan="4" |Singular
!-Ø
| -de
| -u
| -ō
| -ki
| -tse
|-
!-m
| -mbe
| -mon
| -mō
| -mbi
| -mde
|-
!-n
| -nre
| -non
| -nō
| -ngi
| -nhe
|-
!-'
| -'e
| -'u
| -o
| -'ke
| -'te
|-
! rowspan="6" |Plural
!-i
| -e
| -yu
| -yo
| -i'i
| -iche
|-
!-ē
| -ēi
| -ēm
| -ēu
| -ē'
| -ēhe
|-
!-ō
| -ōe
| -ōm
| -ōwo
| -ō'
| -ōfe
|-
!-mi
| -mie
| -mun
| -miu
| -mi'
| -ntse
|-
!-ni
| -nye
| -nun
| -nyu
| -nki
| -nche
|-
!-'i
| -ce
| -cun
| -cu
| -'ki
| -itse
|-
! rowspan="8" |Feminine
! rowspan="4" |Singular
!-n
| -ne
| -m
| -mo
| -ni
| -chi
|-
!-no
| -no'
| -nōn
| -nō
| -noi
| -node
|-
!-ne
| -ne'
| -neon
| -neo
| -nei
| -nechi
|-
!-na
| -na'
| -nam
| -nau
| -na'i
| -nae
|-
! rowspan="4" |Plural
!-ni
| -ni'
| -nyum
| -yō
| -nī
| -ite
|-
!-nō
| -nōe
| -nūm
| -nōu
| -nō'i
| -ote
|-
!-nē
| -nēyi
| -nēum
| -nēo
| -nē'i
| -ete
|-
!-nai
| -naye
| -naun
| -nayu
| -nahi
| -aite
|-
! rowspan="2" |Masculine
!Singular
!-a
| -a'
| -ām
| -ā
| -ayi
| -ate
|-
!Plural
!-ai
| -ae
| -aun
| -ayo
| -eyi
| -eite
|}

== Lexicon ==

=== Nouns ===
arm: matso (F)

cat: māchi (M)

chest: ofu (F)

cloud: ōfe (M)

dawn: amwai (F)

day: eo (F)

dog: furu (F)

dusk: 'ohoe (M)

ear: emyi (M)

elbow: hanro (F)

eye: kui (F)

face: hapi (M)

foot: ami (F)

hair: mochi (F)

hand: tatsi (F)

head: ita (M)

hips: oedai (M)

human: magi (F)

knee: doko (F)

lake: hegi (M)

leg: awa (F)

moon: kōm (F)

neck: hamdo (M)

night: ie (M)

nose: imu (M)

page: ka'a (F)

paper: magu (F)

pen: noede (F)

rain: imai (F)

river: ūrei (F)

sea: tanga (M)

shoulder: omuo (M)

stars: ipari (F)

sun: heo (F)

tongue: koe (M)

waist: onī (M)

=== Verb ===
come: abu (as a coverb, denotes futureness or purpose)

give: ene (as a coverb, denotes benefit or positivity)

have: a'da (as a coverb, denotes pastness, completion, or experience)

leave: tetso (as a coverb, denotes purpose, unknown outcome or freedom)

lie down: funui (as a coverb, denotes ease or willingness)

play music: rewo

see: mei

sit: ko' (as a coverb, denotes presentness or focus)

speak: watsai (as a coverb, denotes hearsay, hypotheticals, or concepts)

stay: qoi (as a coverb, denotes simultaneity)

write: tamu

Magikoe

2026-04-21T17:55:18Z

Suqi: Created page with "'''Magikoe''' [máɟìkó͜e] is a language. == Phonology == {| class="wikitable" ! colspan="2" | !Labial !Alveolar !Palatal !Velar !Glottal |- ! colspan="2" |Nasal |m '''m''' |n '''n''' |ɲ '''ny''' | | |- ! rowspan="3" |Plosive !Aspirate | |tʰ '''t''' | |kʰ '''q''' | |- !Tenuis |p '''p''' |t '''d''' |c '''c''' |k '''k''' |ʔ '''’''' |- !Voiced |b '''b''' | | |ɡ '''g''' | |- ! colspan="2" |Affricate | |t͡s '''ts''' |t͡ʃ '''ch''' | | |- ! colspan="2" |Fricative..."

'''Magikoe''' [máɟìkó͜e] is a language.

== Phonology ==
{| class="wikitable"
! colspan="2" |
!Labial
!Alveolar
!Palatal
!Velar
!Glottal
|-
! colspan="2" |Nasal
|m '''m'''
|n '''n'''
|ɲ '''ny'''
|
|
|-
! rowspan="3" |Plosive
!Aspirate
|
|tʰ '''t'''
|
|kʰ '''q'''
|
|-
!Tenuis
|p '''p'''
|t '''d'''
|c '''c'''
|k '''k'''
|ʔ '''’'''
|-
!Voiced
|b '''b'''
|
|
|ɡ '''g'''
|
|-
! colspan="2" |Affricate
|
|t͡s '''ts'''
|t͡ʃ '''ch'''
|
|
|-
! colspan="2" |Fricative
|ɸ '''f'''
|
|
|
|h '''h'''
|-
! colspan="2" |Glide
|w̃ '''w'''
|ɾ '''r'''
|j '''y'''
|
|
|}
{| class="wikitable"
!
! colspan="4" |Front
! colspan="4" |Back
|-
!Close
|i '''i'''
|iː '''ī'''
|
|
|u '''u'''
|uː '''ū'''
|ʉi '''ui'''
|uo '''uo'''
|-
!Mid
|e '''e'''
|eː '''ē'''
|ei '''ei'''
|
|o '''o'''
|oː '''ō'''
|oe '''oe'''
|
|-
!Open
|a '''a'''
|aː '''ā'''
|ai '''ai'''
|au '''au'''
|
|
|
|
|}
There is word-initial stress which is high tone.

/j/ is phonetically front mid [e̯]

Vːm > Ṽːʉ̃ / _%

in un en on an > ĩ(ɲ) ʉ̃(n) ẽ(j̃) ɵ̃(ŋ) ãn / _%

n ɡ e̯ > ɲ ɟ i̯ / _i

V̀ > V̄ / {tʰ,kʰ,ɸ,h}_

== Syntax ==
The word order is Place-Verb-Time-Topic-Converb-Noun-CaseNoun.

The topic overlaps strongly with the typical object of a sentence, as it is given much more importance than the agent in most cases outside of when the agent is being emphasized. Verbs with English translations that imply the subject's agency do not necessarily translate as giving the topic agency in the syntax of Magikoe. An example of this being the verb ''rewo'' meaning "to play music". The sentence ''Huru rewori ko''' translates to "The dog is listening to music" even though the direct translation would say "The dog is playing music". The music is being played, but the topic is not the player of the music.

The topic must be any part of speech. When the topic is not a noun, the preceding word receives the clitic ''-re''.

Adjectives follow nouns they modify.

The place word is not inflected for anything and can be any part of speech.

The post-converb noun denotes whichever noun fulfills a second role implied by the verb, used for transitive statements.

The verb, topic, and converb are obligatory in complete sentences. Responses, corrections, and statements of surprise can omit any of them, but the converb cannot be said alone.

== Morphology ==

=== Number ===
Plurals are formed by adding -''i'' after a word. The vowels /e/, /u/, and /o/ become /eː/, /ʉi/, and /oː/ instead. Plurals are placed after grammatical gender, and only on nouns.

=== Modifiers ===
Modifiers are not marked for plurality, but nouns marked as plurals may become modifiers. In those cases, they take on an additional lexical meaning rather than denoting plurality.

Adjectives are formed by adding ''-e'' after a word. The vowels /e/ and /o/ become /ei and /oi/ instead. The consonant /ʔ/ becomes /c/ instead. Coda /m n/ do not undergo allophony and instead become onset [m ɲ] to the prefix.

=== Gender ===
There are two genders, masculine and feminine, though they do not correspond to masculinity and feminity when applied to humans. They are marked on nouns, verbs, and converbs.

The first noun (topic) and second noun always have their own gender. Nouns that follow the second noun always agree with the second noun. Nouns in a clause modifying the topic agree with the gender of the topic. Nouns in a clause modifying a non-topic noun or other word agree with the opposite gender of the word they're modifying, a feature called "gender disagreement". Although adjectives are not marked for gender, adjectives are still said to agree with nouns because in clauses modifying an adjective, it's the noun's gender that is disagreed with.

On nouns modified by an adjective, the noun is suffixed by ''-n'' for the feminine and ''-a'' for the masculine. If the feminine suffix follows /n/, it becomes /no/; if it follows /m/, it replaces it and becomes /nne/; and if it follows /ʔ/, it replaces it and becomes /na/. The masculine suffix replaces preceding /ai/ and monophthongs except for /e/ and /u/. When following /a/ or /oe/, the masculine suffix becomes /ja/.

On nouns not modified by an adjective, masculine and feminine nouns are prefixed or dysfixed near the beginning of the word in the following ways:
{| class="wikitable"
!
! colspan="20" |Word-Initial Consonant
|-
!Unmarked
!/Ø/
!/m/
!/n/
!/ɲ/
!/tʰ/
!/kʰ/
!/p/
!/t/
!/c/
!/k/
!/ʔ/
!/b/
!/ɡ/
!/t͡s/
!/t͡ʃ/
!/ɸ/
!/h/
!/w̃/
!/ɾ/
!/j/
|-
!Feminine
|/m/
|/b/
|/ɾ/
|/ɡ/
|/kʰ/
|/k/
|/ɸ/
|/tʰ/
|/t͡ʃ/
|/kʰ/
|/h/
|/w̃/
|/j/
|/kʰ/
|/t͡ʃi/
|/h/
|/ɸ/
|/o/
|/Ø/
|/ej/
|-
!Masculine
|/h/
|/w̃/
|/t/
|/t͡ʃ/
|/h/
|/ɡ/
|/m/
|/n/
|/ɲ/
|/ʔ/
|/k/
|/w̃/
|/kʰ/
|/tʰ/
|/c/
|/m/
|/ʔ/
|/b/
|/j/
|/Ø/
|}
Verbs agree with the gender of the topic. On vebs, feminine gender is marked with the suffix -''ri'', which elides any preceding consonant and /u/ after a nasal, and raises preceding /o/ to [u] if the /o/ after a nasal. The masculine gender is marked with the suffix ''-am'' which combines with word-final vowels /i e u o a/ to make /jaːm eːm oːm aːm am/.

Converbs agree with the gender of the noun following them. If there is no noun, they are not inflected for gender. The feminine gender is marked with the suffix -''ya'', replacing the preceding vowel or consonant, and the masculine gender is marked with the suffix ''-ta'', which becomes ''-da'' after /m n ʔ/, with /m n/ being deleted.

=== Cases ===
There are no syntactic role-marking cases as these are always defined by the semantics of a verb. Cases are marked with suffixes that fuse with gender markers.
{| class="wikitable"
! colspan="3" |
!Instrumental
!Vocative
!Benefactive
!Allative
!Translative
|-
! rowspan="10" |Basic
! rowspan="4" |Singular
!-Ø
| -de
| -u
| -ō
| -ki
| -tse
|-
!-m
| -mbe
| -mon
| -mō
| -mbi
| -mde
|-
!-n
| -nre
| -non
| -nō
| -ngi
| -nhe
|-
!-'
| -'e
| -'u
| -o
| -'ke
| -'te
|-
! rowspan="6" |Plural
!-i
| -e
| -yu
| -yo
| -i'i
| -iche
|-
!-ē
| -ēi
| -ēm
| -ēu
| -ē'
| -ēhe
|-
!-ō
| -ōe
| -ōm
| -ōwo
| -ō'
| -ōfe
|-
!-mi
| -mie
| -mun
| -miu
| -mi'
| -ntse
|-
!-ni
| -nye
| -nun
| -nyu
| -nki
| -nche
|-
!-'i
| -ce
| -cun
| -cu
| -'ki
| -itse
|-
! rowspan="8" |Feminine
! rowspan="4" |Singular
!-n
| -ne
| -m
| -mo
| -ni
| -chi
|-
!-no
| -no'
| -nōn
| -nō
| -noi
| -node
|-
!-ne
| -ne'
| -neon
| -neo
| -nei
| -nechi
|-
!-na
| -na'
| -nam
| -nau
| -na'i
| -nae
|-
! rowspan="4" |Plural
!-ni
| -ni'
| -nyum
| -yō
| -nī
| -ite
|-
!-nō
| -nōe
| -nūm
| -nōu
| -nō'i
| -ote
|-
!-nē
| -nēyi
| -nēum
| -nēo
| -nē'i
| -ete
|-
!-nai
| -naye
| -naun
| -nayu
| -nahi
| -aite
|-
! rowspan="2" |Masculine
!Singular
!-a
| -a'
| -ām
| -ā
| -ayi
| -ate
|-
!Plural
!-ai
| -ae
| -aun
| -ayo
| -eyi
| -eite
|}

== Lexicon ==

=== Nouns ===
arm: matso (F)

cat: māchi (M)

chest: ofu (F)

cloud: ōfe (M)

dawn: amwai (F)

day: eo (F)

dog: furu (F)

dusk: 'ohoe (M)

ear: emyi (M)

elbow: hanro (F)

eye: kui (F)

face: hapi (M)

foot: ami (F)

hair: mochi (F)

hand: tatsi (F)

head: ita (M)

hips: oedai (M)

human: magi (F)

knee: doko (F)

lake: hegi (M)

leg: awa (F)

moon: kōm (F)

neck: hamdo (M)

night: ie (M)

nose: imu (M)

page: ka'a (F)

paper: magu (F)

pen: noede (F)

rain: imai (F)

river: ūrei (F)

sea: tanga (M)

shoulder: omuo (M)

stars: ipari (F)

sun: heo (F)

tongue: koe (M)

waist: onī (M)

=== Verb ===
come: abu (as a converb, denotes futureness or purpose)

give: ene (as a converb, denotes benefit or positivity)

have: a'da (as a converb, denotes pastness, completion, or experience)

leave: tetso (as a converb, denotes purpose, unknown outcome or freedom)

lie down: funui (as a converb, denotes ease or willingness)

play music: rewo

see: mei

sit: ko' (as a converb, denotes presentness or focus)

speak: watsai (as a converb, denotes hearsay, hypotheticals, or concepts)

stay: qoi (as a converb, denotes simultaneity)

write: tamu

Iskel

2026-04-20T23:16:11Z

Suqi: /* Lanikel */

{{Infobox language
|image =
|imagesize =
|imagecaption =
|name = Iskel
|nativename =
|pronunciation = ís.kel
|pronunciation_key =
|state = Iskeland, [https://mc.nguh.org/wiki/Juya_Gwaña Juya Gwaña]
|setting =
|created = 2019
|familycolor = isolate
|creator = User:Suqi
|era =
|script = Iskel, Latin
|nation = Iskeland
|map =
|mapsize =
|mapcaption =
|notice = IPA
}}

'''Iskel''', pronounced [ískel] natively or /ˈɪskəl/ in English, is [[User:Suqi|Suqi's]] first and most developed conlang. It was originally heavily based on Italian, Spanish, Korean, English, and Latin (creating the acronym ISKEL), but has been leaning much more ''a priori'' as development has progressed. Iskel first originated from a much more relex-like, or even code-like language called Lanesil, which only combined elements of English and Spanish in a transparently jumbled way, but was quickly replaced with a new language structure as Suqi learned more about linguistics. Some remnants of Lanesil still exist in Iskel, such as the word ''kire'' (to want) based on the Spanish word ''quiere'' (he/she/it wants), or the word ''to'' (two) based on the English word ''two''.

== Dialects ==
There are three dialects spoken in Iskel which have different significance depending on which setting they're spoken in. The dialects are '''Lanikel''' [lánikel], [[Kliqel]] [k͡ǁíqel], and [[Duskel]] [ɽʌʂʼkʼɛɭ] (also spelled Drâŝkkel). They differ primarily in phoneme inventory. Outside of the phonology section, this article uses only the Lanikel dialect since it is the most dominant.

== Setting ==
There are three settings where Iskel is spoken that canonically have no knowledge of each other. One setting is the real world, where it is Suqi's personal constructed language. Another setting is in an alternate history Earth, as the native language of the inhabitants of Iskeland, a moderately-sized island west of Africa overlapping with the coordinates 0,0. The third setting is in an archipelago called [https://mc.nguh.org/wiki/Juya_Gwaña Juya Gwaña] which exists on the Agma Schwa Minecraft server, [https://mc.nguh.org/wiki/Nguhcraft Nguhcraft]. The primary structure of Iskel is determined by its real-world setting, with it being a personal conlang, however there are sometimes influences from its alternate history setting. There are no influences from Nguhcraft, however.

=== Real-World ===
In the real world, Lanikel and Kliqel are interchangeable forms of Iskel stemming from two different stages in the language's creation process, meanwhile Duskel is a rarely used form of the language most distinct for having an appalling phoneme inventory for no reason. Duskel can be interchanged for Lanikel and Kliqel, but any use of it would have a purpose which is not the case for the other two.

=== Iskeland ===
In the alternate-history Iskeland is a part of, the island used to be colonized by the French Empire and its multiple dialects are a result of that colonization.

Lanikel is the most common form of Iskel in Iskeland. Its phonology was heavily influenced by French during the colonial period, though native features like clicks remained. After decolonization, language leaders reformed Lanikel to remove French-influenced vocabulary.

Kliqel is the least common form of the language. It was created to modify the phonology of Lanikel to remove French influence, drawing inspiration from the neighboring dialect Duskel, which went almost untouched by French influence. Kliqel is only used by elites and did not catch on for every-day people due to the changes they'd have to make.

Duskel is a variety of Iskel that predates French colonization, spoken by a group on the island that repelled French invasion on their region of Iskeland. The dialect is not spoken much, however, because its speakers are heavily outnumbered on the island. Duskel does not use the Latin script unlike Lanikel and Kliqel, it uses a fusion of several phonecian-derived scripts, including Latin, Greek, Cyrillic, Devanagari, and Armenian. Duskel does not mark diacritics.

=== Juya Gwaña ===
Juya Gwaña only has the Lanikel dialect spoken on it. The other two do not exist in the world of Nguhcraft.

== Phonology ==
Each dialect has the exact same number of phonemes, as their only phonological differences are phoneme pronunciation, except for Duskel where the Lanikel phonemes /əː ɲ̩ j̩̃/ (Kliqel phonemes /ɛː ɲ̩ ɲ̩ʷ/) merge with Duskel's /ɯ̰̤̃́ːː c ʂʼ/ phonemes, respectively. They do not differ in allophony or phonotactics.

=== Pitch Accent ===
All dialects have the same pitch accent, which includes three tones and tonelessness. The three tones are high, mid, and low. Words can be entirely atonal or entirely tonal, but most often they are a mix of both. All tones are phonemic. Mid tones can occur in words with high, low, or no other tones. Pitch accent can be applied to vowels and phonemically syllabic consonants, but not allophonically syllabic consonants.

The high tone is the most common and occurs in most words, usually once.

The mid tone is the second most common, and most often occurs in words with many syllables, but can occur in words with few syllables as well. The mid tone appears usually once as well, but occurs twice in a word more often than the high tone.

The low tone is the rarest and is more characterized by extratonal articulations like stronger airflow, slight devoicing, length across every sound in the syllable, and a visible, non-audible scrunching of the philtrum. The degree of scrunching in the philtrium is directly proportional to the intensity of the other extratonal articulations. A root word with a low tone cannot also contain a high tone, implying a mutual contrast. A low tone only ever occurs once in a root word.

=== Phonotactics ===
The phonotactics in all Iskel dialects are the same. There is a (C)(C)(C)V(V)(V)(C)(C)(C)(ʰ) syllable structure (where C excludes /ʰ/), with only 3 consonants and 3 vowels (triphthongs or three nuclei) being able to be adjacent at a time. All phonemes can be adjacent to one another except for Lanikel and Kliqel's /ɾ/s and Duskel's /r/. Geminate consonants or long vowels count as one instead of two. No phoneme can occur three times in a row. Long vowels cannot be part of polypthongs. Syllabic consonants cannot be adjacent to a vowel or another syllabic nucleus.

==== Kaḥpíḥpaḥ ====
An unusual suprasegmental feature occurs in all dialects and is known as ''kaḥpíḥpaḥ'' [kaʰ.píʰ.paʰ] in Lanikel (''qaḥpíḥpaḥ'' [qaʰ.píʰ.paʰ] in Kliqel and ''kaḥphíḥphaḥ'' [kʼɑʰ.pʰɪ́ʰ.pʰɑʰ] in Duskel). It is transcribed as aspiration in IPA /ʰ/, and ⟨ḥ⟩ in romanization for all dialects. Some authors choose to transcribe this as a subscript /ₕ/ instead, which also replaces syllable breaks.

Phonetically, it is a very brief period of voicelessness, but with the notable absence of any frication, a voiceless glottal approximant if it were a consonant. Its behavior, however, warrants an analysis as a suprasegmental feature rather than a phoneme, although it is phonemic.

The ''kaḥpíḥpaḥ'' is very unusual in that not only is its position in a syllable mutually exclusive from the position of any other phoneme, but when a syllable is expanded due to the addition of a morpheme, the ''kaḥpíḥpaḥ'' moves to the end of the new syllable instead of remaining in its original position.

=== Allophony ===
In all dialects, plosives preceding other plosives (besides themselves) or a word boundary, always have an audible release. /ʔ/, in the dialects that have it, has no audible release word finally if preceded by a vowel.

When the ''kaḥpíḥpaḥ'' occurs after a vowel, the vowel is shortened to approximately half its typical length. After a consonant, the consonant becomes allophonically syllabic on account of being detached from any following vowel.

=== Phoneme Inventories ===

==== Lanikel ====
''See [[Lanikel orthography]] for more information about the romanization.''

Lanikel's phonology is the oldest, though slight modifications have been made over time. It resembles Lanesil's parent languages English and Spanish more than the other dialects.

All consonants can be long except for /ɾ/.
{| class="wikitable"
! colspan="2" |
![[w:Labial_consonant|Labial]]
![[w:dental_consonant|Dental]]
![[w:alveolar_consonant|Alveolar]]
![[w:postalveolar_consonant|Postalveolar]]
![[w:palatal_consonant|Palatal]]
![[w:dorsal_consonant|Dorsal]]
![[w:glottal_consonant|Glottal]]
|-
! colspan="2" |[[w:nasal_consonant|Nasal]]
|[[w:Voiced_labiodental_nasal|ɱ]] '''m'''
|
|[[w:Voiced_alveolar_nasal|n]] '''n'''
|
|[[w:Voiced_palatal_nasal|ɲ]] '''ny, ñ'''
|[[w:Voiced_velar_nasal|ŋ]] '''ng, ŋ'''
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |[[w:stop_consonant|Stop]]
![[w:voicelessness|Voiceless]]
|[[w:voiceless_bilabial_plosive|p]] '''p'''
|
|[[w:Voiceless_alveolar_plosive|t]] '''t'''
|[[w:Voiceless_palato-alveolar_affricate|t͡ʃ]] '''ch, č'''
|
|[[w:IPA_k|k]] '''k'''
|[[w:glottal_stop|ʔ]] '''q'''
|-
![[w:Voicedness|Voiced]]
|[[w:IPA_b|b]] '''b'''
|
|[[w:Voiced_alveolar_affricate|d͡z]] '''dz, ẑ'''
|[[w:Voiced_palato-alveolar_affricate|d͡ʒ]] '''j'''
|
|[[w:IPA_g|ɡ]] '''g'''
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |[[w:Fricative|Fricative]]
![[w:voicelessness|Voiceless]]
|[[w:IPA_f|f]] '''f'''
|[[w:voiceless_dental_fricative|θ]] '''th, þ'''
|[[w:IPA_s|s]] '''s'''
|[[w:voiceless_palato-alveolar_fricative|ʃ]] '''sh, š'''
|[[w:voiceless_palatal_lateral_fricative|ʎ̝̊]] '''lh, ç'''
|[[w:IPA_x|x]] '''x'''
|[[w:IPA_h|h]] '''h'''
|-
![[w:Voicedness|Voiced]]
|[[w:IPA_v|v]] '''v'''
|[[w:voiced_dental_fricative|ð]] '''d'''
|[[w:IPA_z|z]] '''z'''
|[[w:voiced_palato-alveolar_fricative|ʒ]] '''zh, ž'''
|
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |[[w:Approximant|Approximant]]
![[w:oral_consonant|Oral]]
|[[w:IPA_w|w]] '''w'''
|
|[[w:IPA_l|l]] '''l'''
|
|[[w:IPA_j|j]] '''y'''
|
|
|-
![[w:nasal_consonant|Nasal]]
|[[w:nasalized_consonant|w̃]] '''wm, ṽ'''
|
|[[w:nasalized_consonant|l̃]] '''ln, ł'''
|
|[[w:nasalized_consonant|j̃]] '''yn,''' '''ỹ'''
|
|
|-
! colspan="2" |[[w:vibrant_consonant|Vibrant]]
|
|
|[[w:voiced_alveolar_tap|ɾ]] '''r'''
|
|
|[[w:voiced_uvular_trill|ʀ]] '''rr, ř'''
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |[[w:click_consonant|Click]]
![[w:nasal_click|Nasal]]
|
|[[w:dental_nasal_click|ŋ͡ʇ]] '''cn'''
|[[w:nasal_alveolar_click|ŋ͡ǃ¡]] '''cnl, cł'''
|
|[[w:nasal_palatal_click|ŋ͡ǂ]] '''cny, cñ'''
|
|
|-
![[w:tenuis_consonant|Tenuis]]
|
|[[w:tenuis_dental_click|k͡ʇ]] '''ct'''
|[[w:tenuis_alveolar_click|k͡ǃ¡]] '''cl'''
|
|[[w:tenuis_palatal_click|k͡ǂ]] '''cy'''
|
|
|}
All syllabic consonants can be long except for /ɾ̩/.
{| class="wikitable"
! colspan="2" |
![[w:Labial_consonant|Labial]]
![[w:dental_consonant|Dental]]
![[w:alveolar_consonant|Alveolar]]
![[w:palatal_consonant|Palatal]]
![[w:dorsal_consonant|Dorsal]]
|-
! colspan="2" |[[w:nasal_consonant|Nasal]]
|[[w:Syllabic_consonant|ɱ̩]] '''ẏm'''
|
|[[w:Syllabic_consonant|n̩]] '''ẏn'''
|[[w:Syllabic_consonant|ɲ̩]] '''ẏñ'''
|[[w:Syllabic_consonant|ŋ̩]] '''ẏŋ'''
|-
! colspan="2" |[[w:Fricative|Fricative]]
|[[w:Syllabic_consonant|v̩]] '''ẏv'''
|[[w:Syllabic_consonant|ð̩]] '''ẏd'''
|[[w:Syllabic_consonant|z̩]] '''ẏz'''
|[[w:Syllabic_consonant|ʒ̍]] '''ẏž'''
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |[[w:Approximant|Approximant]]
![[w:oral_consonant|Oral]]
|[[w:Syllabic_consonant|w̩]] '''ẏw'''
|
|[[w:Syllabic_consonant|l̩]] '''ẏl'''
|[[w:Syllabic_consonant|j̍]] '''ẏy'''
|
|-
![[w:nasal_consonant|Nasal]]
|[[w:Syllabic_consonant|w̩̃]] '''wṅ'''
|
|[[w:Syllabic_consonant|l̩̃]] '''lṅ'''
|[[w:Syllabic_consonant|j̩̃]] '''yṅ'''
|
|-
! colspan="2" |[[w:vibrant_consonant|Vibrant]]
|
|
|[[w:Syllabic_consonant|ɾ̩]] '''ẏr'''
|
|[[w:Syllabic_consonant|ʀ̩]] '''ẏř'''
|}
All vowels can be long.
{| class="wikitable"
!
![[w:Front_vowel|Front]]
![[w:Near-Front_vowel|Near-Front]]
![[w:Near-Back_vowel|Near-Back]]
![[w:Back_vowel|Back]]
|-
![[w:Close_vowel|Close]]
|[[w:IPA_i|i]] '''i'''
|[[w:near-close_near-front_unrounded_vowel|ɪ]] '''î'''
|[[w:near-close_near-back_rounded_vowel|ʊ]] '''û'''
|[[w:IPA_u|u]] '''u'''
|-
![[w:Mid_vowel|Mid]]
|[[w:IPA_e|e]] '''e'''
|[[w:mid_central_vowel|ə]] '''ê'''
|[[w:open-mid_back_unrounded_vowel|ʌ]] '''ô'''
|[[w:IPA_o|o]] '''o'''
|-
![[w:Open_vowel|Open]]
|[[w:IPA_a|a]] '''a'''
|
|
|[[w:open_back_unrounded_vowel|ɑ]] '''â'''
|}

==== Kliqel ====
''See [[Kliqel orthography]] for more information about the romanization.''

Kliqel was created for two purposes: 1) in order to reduce the amount of words that sounded like they came from English and Spanish, and 2) for Suqi to practice pronunciation of unfamiliar clusters. Many of the phonemes were shifted to different values, but kept the same place in their words.

All consonants can be long except for /ɾ/.
{| class="wikitable"
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" |
! rowspan="2" |[[w:Labial_consonant|Labial]]
! rowspan="2" |[[w:dental_consonant|Dental]]
! colspan="2" |[[w:alveolar_consonant|Alveolar]]
! rowspan="2" |[[w:palatal_consonant|Palatal]]
! rowspan="2" |[[w:Uvular_consonant|Uvular]]
! rowspan="2" |[[w:glottal_consonant|Glottal]]
|-
![[w:median_consonant|Median]]
![[w:Lateral_consonant|Lateral]]
|-
! rowspan="2" |[[w:nasal_consonant|Nasal]]
!Plain
|[[w:IPA_m|m]] '''m'''
|
|[[w:Voiced_alveolar_nasal|n]] '''n'''
|
|[[w:Voiced_palatal_nasal|ɲ]] '''ny, ñ'''
|[[w:voiced_uvular_nasal|ɴ]] '''ng, ŋ'''
|
|-
![[w:labialization|Labialized]]
|[[w:labialization|mʷ]] '''mů'''
|
|[[w:labialization|nʷ]] '''nů'''
|
|[[w:labialization|ɲʷ]] '''nẙ'''
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |[[w:Plosive_consonant|Plosive]]
![[w:voicelessness|Voiceless]]
|[[w:voiceless_bilabial_plosive|p]] '''p'''
|
|[[w:Voiceless_alveolar_plosive|t]] '''t'''
|
|
|[[w:voiceless_uvular_plosive|q]] '''q'''
|
|-
![[w:Voicedness|Voiced]]
|[[w:IPA_b|b]] '''b'''
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |[[w:Affricate_consonant|Affricate]]
![[w:voicelessness|Voiceless]]
|
|
|[[w:voiceless_alveolar_affricate|t͡s]] '''ts, ĉ'''
|
|
|
|
|-
![[w:Voicedness|Voiced]]
|
|
|[[w:Voiced_alveolar_affricate|d͡z]] '''dz, ẑ'''
|
|
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |[[w:Fricative|Fricative]]
![[w:voicelessness|Voiceless]]
|[[w:voiceless_bilabial_fricative|ɸ]] '''f'''
|[[w:voiceless_dental_fricative|θ]] '''th, þ'''
|[[w:IPA_s|s]] '''s'''
|[[w:voiceless_alveolar_lateral_fricative|ɬ]] '''lh, ł'''
|[[w:voiceless_palatal_fricative|ç]] '''ch, ç'''
|[[w:voiceless_uvular_fricative|χ]] '''x'''
|[[w:IPA_h|h]] '''h'''
|-
![[w:Voicedness|Voiced]]
|[[w:voiced_bilabial_fricative|β]] '''v'''
|[[w:voiced_dental_fricative|ð]] '''d'''
|[[w:IPA_z|z]] '''z'''
|
|[[w:voiced_palatal_fricative|ʝ]] '''j'''
|
|
|-
! colspan="2" |[[w:glide_consonant|Glide]]
|[[w:IPA_w|w]] '''w'''
|
|[[w:voiced_alveolar_tap|ɾ]] '''r'''
|[[w:IPA_l|l]] '''l'''
|[[w:IPA_j|j]] '''y'''
|
|
|-
! colspan="2" |[[w:Trill_consonant|Trill]]
|
|
|[[w:voiced_alveolar_trill|r]] '''rr'''
|
|
|[[w:voiced_uvular_trill|ʀ]] '''g'''
|
|-
! rowspan="3" |[[w:click_consonant|Click]]
![[w:nasal_click|Nasal]]
|
|[[w:dental_nasal_click|ŋ͡ʇ]] '''cn'''
|[[w:nasal_alveolar_click|ŋ͡ǃ¡]] '''kn'''
|
|[[w:nasal_palatal_click|ŋ͡ǂ]] '''kñ'''
|
|
|-
![[w:Aspirated_consonant|Aspirated]]
|
|[[w:aspirated_consonant|k͡ʇʰ]] '''cs'''
|
|
|
|
|
|-
![[w:tenuis_consonant|Tenuis]]
|
|[[w:tenuis_dental_click|k͡ʇ]] '''ct'''
|[[w:tenuis_alveolar_click|k͡ǃ¡]] '''kr'''
|[[w:tenuis_lateral_click|k͡ǁ]] '''kl'''
|[[w:tenuis_palatal_click|k͡ǂ]] '''ky'''
|
|
|}
All syllabic consonants can be long except for /ɾ̩/.
{| class="wikitable"
! colspan="2" |
![[w:Labial_consonant|Labial]]
![[w:dental_consonant|Dental]]
![[w:alveolar_consonant|Alveolar]]
![[w:palatal_consonant|Palatal]]
![[w:dorsal_consonant|Uvular]]
|-
! rowspan="2" |[[w:nasal_consonant|Nasal]]
!Plain
|[[w:Syllabic_consonant|m̩]] '''ṃ'''
|
|[[w:Syllabic_consonant|n̩]] '''ṇ'''
|[[w:Syllabic_consonant|ɲ̩]] '''ṇy'''
|[[w:Syllabic_consonant|ɴ̩]] '''ṇg'''
|-
![[w:labialization|Labialized]]
|[[w:Syllabic_consonant|m̩ʷ]] '''ṃů'''
|
|[[w:Syllabic_consonant|n̩ʷ]] '''ṇů'''
|[[w:Syllabic_consonant|ɲ̩ʷ]] '''ṇẙ'''
|
|-
! colspan="2" |[[w:Fricative|Fricative]]
|[[w:Syllabic_consonant|β̩]] '''ṿ'''
|[[w:Syllabic_consonant|ð̩]] '''ḍ'''
|[[w:Syllabic_consonant|z̩]] '''ẓ'''
|[[w:Syllabic_consonant|ʝ̍]] '''ẏh'''
|
|-
! colspan="2" |[[w:Approximant|Approximant]]
|[[w:Syllabic_consonant|w̩]] '''ẉ'''
|
|[[w:Syllabic_consonant|l̩]] '''ḷ'''
|[[w:Syllabic_consonant|j̍]] '''ẏ'''
|
|-
! colspan="2" |[[w:vibrant_consonant|Vibrant]]
|
|
|[[w:Syllabic_consonant|ɾ̩]] '''ṛ'''
|
|[[w:Syllabic_consonant|ʀ̩]] '''ṛr'''
|}
All vowels can be long.
{| class="wikitable"
! rowspan="2" |
! rowspan="2" |[[w:Front_vowel|Front]]
! colspan="2" |[[w:Back_vowel|Back]]
|-
!Unrounded
![[w:Rounded_vowel|Rounded]]
|-
![[w:Close_vowel|Close]]
|[[w:IPA_i|i]] '''i'''
|[[w:close_back_unrounded_vowel|ɯ]] '''î'''
|[[w:IPA_u|u]] '''u'''
|-
![[w:close-mid_vowel|Close-Mid]]
|[[w:IPA_e|e]] '''e'''
|[[w:close-mid_back_unrounded_vowel|ɤ]] '''û'''
|[[w:IPA_o|o]] '''o'''
|-
![[w:open-mid_vowel|Open-Mid]]
|[[w:open-mid_front_unrounded_vowel|ɛ]] '''ê'''
|
|[[w:open-mid_back_rounded_vowel|ɔ]] '''ô'''
|-
![[w:Open_vowel|Open]]
|[[w:IPA_a|a]] '''a'''
|
|[[w:open_back_unrounded_vowel|ɑ]] '''â'''
|}

==== Duskel ====
''.See [[Duskel orthography]] for more information about the romanization.''

Duskel is the second oldest, created much closer to Lanesil than Lanikel's current phonology. It was created to be an "evil" version of Iskel, but only for aesthetics. Duskel was never prioritized, so it only changed once after it was created, which was upon the creation of this wiki when it was finally updated to have sounds corresponding to all the new Iskel phonemes that have been added.

All consonants can be long except for /r/.
{| class="wikitable"
! colspan="2" |
![[w:Bilabial_consonant|Bilabial]]
![[w:Bidental_consonant|Bidental]]
![[w:alveolar_consonant|Alveolar]]
![[w:retroflex_consonant|Retroflex]]
![[w:palatal_consonant|Palatal]]
![[w:Guttural_consonant|Guttural]]
|-
! colspan="2" |[[w:nasal_consonant|Nasal]]
|[[w:IPA_m|m]] '''m'''
|
|
|[[w:voiced_retroflex_nasal|ɳ]] '''n'''
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |[[w:stop_consonant|Stop]]
![[w:voicelessness|Voiceless]]
|[[w:aspirated_consonant|pʰ]] '''ph'''
|
|[[w:voiceless_alveolar_affricate|t͡s]] '''ts'''
|
|[[w:IPA_c|c]] '''c'''
|[[w:glottal_stop|ʔ]] '''q'''
|-
![[w:Voicedness|Voiced]]
|
|
|[[w:Voiced_alveolar_affricate|d͡z]] '''dz'''
|
|[[w:voiced_palatal_plosive|ɟ]] '''dy'''
|[[w:voiced_uvular_plosive|ɢ]] '''gr'''
|-
! rowspan="2" |[[w:Fricative|Fricative]]
![[w:voicelessness|Voiceless]]
|[[w:voiceless_bilabial_fricative|ɸ]] '''f'''
|
|[[w:IPA_s|s]] '''s'''
|[[w:voiceless_retroflex_fricative|ʂ]] '''sr, ṡ'''
|[[w:voiceless_palato-alveolar_fricative|ʃ]] '''sh, š'''
|[[w:IPA_x|x]] '''kh'''
|-
![[w:Voicedness|Voiced]]
|[[w:voiced_bilabial_fricative|β]] '''v'''
|
|[[w:IPA_z|z]] '''z'''
|[[w:voiced_retroflex_fricative|ʐ]] '''zr, ż'''
|[[w:voiced_palatal_fricative|ʝ]] '''j'''
|[[w:voiced_velar_fricative|ɣ]] '''gh, ǧ'''
|-
! colspan="2" |[[w:Approximant|Approximant]]
|
|
|[[w:voiced_alveolar_approximant|ɹ]] '''rh'''
|[[w:voiced_retroflex_lateral_approximant|ɭ]] '''l'''
|[[w:voiced_palatal_approximant|j]] '''y'''
|[[w:voiced_velar_approximant|ɰ]] '''w'''
|-
! colspan="2" |[[w:Trill_consonant|Trill]]
|[[w:voiced_bilabial_trill|ʙ]] '''b'''
|
|[[w:voiced_alveolar_trill|r]] '''rr, ř'''
|
|
|
|-
! colspan="2" |[[w:tap_consonant|Tap]]
|
|
|[[w:voiced_alveolar_tap|ɾ]] '''dh'''
|[[w:voiced_retroflex_flap|ɽ]] '''dr'''
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |[[w:Glottalic_consonant|Glottalic]]
![[w:voicelessness|Voiceless]]
|[[w:bilabial_ejective|pʼ]] '''p'''
|
|
|[[w:retroflex_ejective_fricative|ʂʼ]] '''ŝ'''
|
|[[w:velar_ejective|kʼ]] '''kk'''
|-
![[w:Voicedness|Voiced]]
|
|
|
|
|
|[[w:voiced_uvular_implosive|ʛ]] '''gg'''
|-
! rowspan="2" |[[w:click_consonant|Click]]
![[w:nasal_click|Nasal]]
|
|
|[[w:nasal_lateral_click|ŋ͡ǁ]] '''gl'''
|[[w:nasal_alveolar_click|ŋ͡ǃ]] '''kn'''
|
|[[w:nasal_velar_click|m͡ʞ]] '''km'''
|-
![[w:tenuis_consonant|Tenuis]]
|
|
|[[w:tenuis_lateral_click|k͡ǁ]] '''kl'''
|[[w:tenuis_alveolar_click|k͡ǃ]] '''kt'''
|
|[[w:velar_click|m̥͡ʞ]] '''kp'''
|-
! colspan="2" |[[w:Percussive_consonant|Percussive]]
|
|[[w:bidental_percussive|ʭ]] '''x'''
|
|
|
|
|}
All syllabic consonants can be long except for /r̩/.
{| class="wikitable"
!
![[w:Bilabial_consonant|Bilabial]]
![[w:alveolar_consonant|Alveolar]]
![[w:retroflex_consonant|Retroflex]]
![[w:palatal_consonant|Palatal]]
![[w:Guttural_consonant|Guttural]]
|-
![[w:nasal_consonant|Nasal]]
|[[w:Syllabic_consonant|m̩]] '''ṃ'''
|
|[[w:Syllabic_consonant|n̩]] '''ṇ'''
|
|
|-
![[w:stop_consonant|Stop]]
|
|
|
|[[w:syllabic_consonant|ɟ̩]] '''ḍy'''
|[[w:syllabic_consonant|ɢ̩]] '''ġr'''
|-
![[w:Fricative|Fricative]]
|[[w:Syllabic_consonant|β̩]] '''ṿ'''
|[[w:Syllabic_consonant|z̩]] '''ẓ'''
|[[w:syllabic_consonant|ʐ̩]] '''ẓr'''
|[[w:Syllabic_consonant|ʝ̍]] '''ẏh'''
|[[w:syllabic_consonant|ɣ̍]] '''ġh'''
|-
![[w:Approximant|Approximant]]
|
|[[w:syllabic_consonant|ɹ̩]] '''ṛh'''
|[[w:syllabic_consonant|ɭ̍]] '''ḷ'''
|[[w:Syllabic_consonant|j̍]] '''ẏ'''
|[[w:syllabic_consonant|ɰ̍]] '''ẉ'''
|-
![[w:vibrant_consonant|Vibrant]]
|
|[[w:syllabic_consonant|r̩]] '''ṛr'''
|[[w:syllabic_consonant|ɽ̍]] '''ḍr'''
|
|
|}
All vowels can be long except for /ɯ̰̤̃́ːː/.
{| class="wikitable"
! rowspan="2" |
! rowspan="2" |[[w:Front_vowel|Front]]
! rowspan="2" |[[w:Central_vowel|Central]]
! colspan="2" |[[w:Back_vowel|Back]]
|-
!Unrounded
![[w:Rounded_vowel|Rounded]]
|-
![[w:nasal_vowel|Nasal]]
|
|
|[[w:nasal_vowel|ɯ̰̤̃́ːː]] '''î'''
|
|-
![[w:High_vowel|High]]
|[[w:near-close_near-front_unrounded_vowel|ɪ]] '''i'''
|[[w:mid_central_vowel|ə]] '''ê'''
|[[w:close_back_unrounded_vowel|ɯ]] '''û'''
|[[w:near-close_near-back_rounded_vowel|ʊ]] '''u'''
|-
![[w:mid_vowel|Mid]]
|[[w:open-mid_front_unrounded_vowel|ɛ]] '''e'''
|[[w:open-mid_front_rounded_vowel|œ]] '''ô'''
|[[w:open-mid_back_unrounded_vowel|ʌ]] '''â'''
|[[w:open-mid_back_rounded_vowel|ɔ]] '''o'''
|-
![[w:Low_vowel|Low]]
|
|
|[[w:open_back_unrounded_vowel|ɑ]] '''a'''
|
|}

== Syntax ==

=== Semantic Roles ===
There are four primary semantic roles in Iskel, which determine the syntactic structure of the language. They are referred to as the sender (S, {{Sc|snd}}), the message (M, {{Sc|mss}}), the receiver (R, {{Sc|rcv}}), and the transfer (T, {{Sc|trf}}). They loosely overlap with the more commonly known roles of agent, instrument, patient, and verb, respectively, but are distinct and can have any part of speech.

The sender is whatever sets the transfer (or action) in motion in a sentence. Without the sender, the action cannot begin.

The message is whatever is causally transferred from the sender to the receiver in the action. Without the message, steps can be taken to initiate the action, but it cannot manifest.

The receiver is whatever the message affects as a direct consequence of its sending. Without the receiver, the action can begin, but not end.

The transfer is the process by which the message is directed from the sender to the receiver. Without the transfer, nothing happens at all despite everything being there to make it happen.

Iskel uses the word order SRTM. The sender is often omitted, only being included when specification is necessary. The receiver and message may also be omitted, but this is rare. When the receiver is omitted but the sender isn't, the sender must be marked. A word of any part of speech may play any semantic role, but the semantic role must be marked on whichever word is not the typical part of speech that it is, i.e. S, R, and M as nouns, and T as a verb.

=== Role Descriptors ===
Combining with the semantic roles are five role descriptors which are cliticized to the end of the semantic roles. These descriptors detail different relationships a word can have to the semantic role cliticized onto it. They may also be cliticized to the end of the word or another clitic to apply their meaning onto that other morpheme instead. The role descriptors are the present actor ({{Sc|prac}}), that which fills the role in that instance; the potential actor ({{Sc|poac}}), that which can fill the role; the performance ({{Sc|pfmc}}), the filling of the role; the identity ({{Sc|idty}}), the role itself; and the condition ({{Sc|cdtn}}), that which makes it possible to fill the role.

== Morphology ==
Most bound morphemes in Iskel are clitics rather than affixes, since their placement in a word and relative to other clitics is highly variable. Morphemes will be listed in sets of three, reflecting their Lanikel, Kliqel, and Duskel forms, respectively.

Parts of speech:

* Noun ({{Sc|n}}): -''a''
** Nouns are words denoting a certain concept existing within a larger relationship. That relationship is typically with a verb, adjunct, or both. A noun may also exist as a standalone sentence in Iskel, denoting mere existence.
* Verb ({{Sc|v}}): -''e''
** Verbs are words denoting a certain quality that their receiver is stated to change into having.
* Adjunct ({{Sc|adj}}): -''o''
** Adjuncts are words denoting a certain quality that their modifyee has.

Semantic roles:

* Sender ({{Sc|snd}}): ''žâ-''
** ''IyaR žâkíleS setaM.''
** (Knowledge sends this to me.)
** “I know this from knowing it.”
* Receiver ({{Sc|rcv}}): ''šâ-''
** ''IyaS šâkíleR setaM.''
** (I send this to knowledge.)
** “I know/teach more from this.”
* Transfer ({{Sc|trf}}): ''sč(î)-''
** ''IyaR kíleT setaM.''
** (I know this.)
** “I know this.”
* Message ({{Sc|mss}}): ''ii-''
** ''IyaS iikíleM setaR.''
** (I send knowledge to this.)
** “I teach this (student).”

The semantic roles of receiver, transfer, and message are not marked if their position in a word has not changed from the base SRTM order and they are a noun, verb, and noun repsectively.

Role descriptors:

* Present Actor ({{Sc|prac}}): unmarked
* Potential Actor ({{Sc|poac}}): ''-''(''o'')''y''
* Performance ({{Sc|pfmc}}): ''-êl''
* Identity ({{Sc|idty}}): ''-rî''
* Condition ({{Sc|cdtn}}): -(''ẏ'')''ss''