Linguifex - User contributions [en]

Contionary:magaze

2025-04-14T21:49:02Z

Tardigrade:

{{nm-header|ˈmagɐzʲə}}
Borrowed from Greek ''[[wikt:μαγαζί#Greek|μαγαζί]]''.
{{nm-noun-mh-0-S|màgaze|màgazn|shop, store
#: Synonym: ''{{term|dukkian#Niemish|dukkián}}''}}
[[Category:Nm:Balkan Sprachbund vocabulary]]
[[Category:Contionary]]

Contionary:magaze

2025-04-14T21:47:29Z

Tardigrade:

{{nm-header|ˈmagɐzʲə}}
Borrowed from Greek ''[[wikt:μαγαζί#Greek|μαγαζί]]''.
{{nm-noun-mh-0-S|mágaze|mágazn|shop, store
#: Synonym: ''{{term|dukkian#Niemish|dukkián}}''}}
[[Category:Nm:Balkan Sprachbund vocabulary]]
[[Category:Contionary]]

Contionary:magaze

2025-04-14T21:46:15Z

Tardigrade:

{{nm-header|ˈmagɐzʲə}}
Borrowed from Greek ''[[wikt:μαγαζί#Greek|μαγαζί]]''.
{{nm-noun-mh-0-S|mágaze|mágazn|shop
#: Synonym: ''{{term|dukkian#Niemish|dukkián}}''}}
[[Category:Nm:Balkan Sprachbund vocabulary]]
[[Category:Contionary]]

Contionary:magaze

2025-04-14T21:45:34Z

Tardigrade: Created page with "{{nm-header|ˈmagɐzʲə}} Borrowed from Greek ''μαγαζί''. {{nm-noun-mh-0-S|mágazn|shop #: Synonym: ''{{term|dukkian#Niemish|dukkián}}''}} Category:Nm:Balkan Sprachbund vocabulary Category:Contionary"

{{nm-header|ˈmagɐzʲə}}
Borrowed from Greek ''[[wikt:μαγαζί#Greek|μαγαζί]]''.
{{nm-noun-mh-0-S|mágazn|shop
#: Synonym: ''{{term|dukkian#Niemish|dukkián}}''}}
[[Category:Nm:Balkan Sprachbund vocabulary]]
[[Category:Contionary]]

Contionary:dukkian

2025-04-14T21:39:30Z

Tardigrade:

{{nm-header|dʊcˈcaːn}}
Borrowed from Ottoman Turkish ''[[wikt:دكان#Ottoman_Turkish|dükkân]]''.
{{nm-noun-mh-0|dukkián|(small) shop
#: Synonym: ''{{term|magaze#Niemish|màgaze}}''}}
[[Category:Nm:Balkan Sprachbund vocabulary]]
[[Category:Contionary]]

Contionary:dukkian

2025-04-14T21:38:25Z

Tardigrade:

{{nm-header|dʊcˈcaːn}}
Borrowed from Ottoman Turkish ''[[wikt:دكان#Ottoman_Turkish|dükkân]]''.
{{nm-noun-mh-0|dukkián|(small) shop
#: Synonym: ''{{term|magaze#Niemish|mágaze}}''}}
[[Category:Nm:Balkan Sprachbund vocabulary]]
[[Category:Contionary]]

Contionary:dukkian

2025-04-14T21:30:21Z

Tardigrade: Created page with "{{nm-header|dʊcˈcaːn}} Borrowed from Ottoman Turkish ''dükkân''. {{nm-noun-mh-0|dukkián|(large) shop, warehouse}} Category:Nm:Balkan Sprachbund vocabulary Category:Contionary"

{{nm-header|dʊcˈcaːn}}
Borrowed from Ottoman Turkish ''[[wikt:دكان#Ottoman_Turkish|dükkân]]''.
{{nm-noun-mh-0|dukkián|(large) shop, warehouse}}
[[Category:Nm:Balkan Sprachbund vocabulary]]
[[Category:Contionary]]

Contionary:rezom

2025-03-08T17:41:00Z

Tardigrade:

{{nm-header|ˈrʲeːzʊm}}
===Etymology===
From Ancient Greek ''[[wikt:χάρισμα|χάρισμα]]'', via Post-Gothic ''*hrizma''.
{{nm-noun-f0h-S|rézom|rèzm|charisma, seductive capability, rizz}}
[[Category:Niemish words of Greek origin]]
[[Category:Contionary]]

Contionary:rezom

2025-03-08T17:40:18Z

Tardigrade:

Contionary:rezom

2025-03-08T17:36:51Z

Tardigrade:

Contionary:rezom

2025-03-08T17:35:02Z

Tardigrade:

Contionary:rezom

2025-03-08T17:34:09Z

Tardigrade:

{{nm-header|ˈrʲeːzʊm}}
===Etymology===
From Ancient Greek ''[[wikt:χᾰ́ρῐσμᾰ|χᾰ́ρῐσμᾰ]]'', via Post-Gothic ''*hrizma''.
{{nm-noun-f0h-S|rézom|rèzm|charisma, seductive capability, rizz}}
[[Category:Niemish terms of Greek origin]]
[[Category:Contionary]]

Contionary:rezom

2025-03-08T17:32:36Z

Tardigrade:

{{nm-header|ˈrʲeːzʊm}}
===Etymology===
From Latin ''[[wikt:charisma|charisma]]'', via Post-Gothic ''*hrizma''.
{{nm-noun-f0h-S|rézom|rèzm|charisma, seductive capability, rizz}}
[[Category:Niemish terms of Latin origin]]
[[Category:Contionary]]

Contionary:rezom

2025-03-08T17:32:06Z

Tardigrade:

{{nm-header|ˈrʲeːzʊm}}
===Etymology===
From Latin ''[[wikt:charisma|charisma]]'', via Post-Gothic ''*hrizma''.
{{nm-noun-f0h-S|rézom|charisma, seductive capability, rizz}}
[[Category:Niemish terms of Latin origin]]
[[Category:Contionary]]

Contionary:rezom

2025-03-08T17:30:49Z

Tardigrade: Created page with "{{nm-header|ˈrʲeːzʊm}} ===Etymology=== From Latin ''charisma'', via Post-Gothic ''*hrizma''. {{nm-noun-f0s|rézom|charisma, seductive capability, rizz}} Category:Niemish terms of Latin origin Category:Contionary"

{{nm-header|ˈrʲeːzʊm}}
===Etymology===
From Latin ''[[wikt:charisma|charisma]]'', via Post-Gothic ''*hrizma''.
{{nm-noun-f0s|rézom|charisma, seductive capability, rizz}}
[[Category:Niemish terms of Latin origin]]
[[Category:Contionary]]

Contionary:gush

2025-03-08T17:24:10Z

Tardigrade:

{{nm-header|guːʃ}}
===Etymology===
From Vulgar Latin ''[[wikt:gusia|gusia]]''. See also Albanian ''[[wikt:gushë|gushë]]'' and Romanian ''[[Wiktionary:gușă|gușă]]''.
{{nm-noun-f0h|gúsh|throat, gullet}}
[[Category:Nm:Balkan Sprachbund vocabulary]]
[[Category:Contionary]]

Contionary:gush

2025-03-08T17:23:23Z

Tardigrade:

{{nm-header|guʃ}}
===Etymology===
From Vulgar Latin ''[[wikt:gusia|gusia]]''. See also Albanian ''[[wikt:gushë|gushë]]'' and Romanian ''[[Wiktionary:gușă|gușă]]''.
{{nm-noun-f0h|gúsh|throat, gullet}}
[[Category:Nm:Balkan Sprachbund vocabulary]]
[[Category:Contionary]]

Contionary:gush

2025-03-08T17:21:55Z

Tardigrade:

{{nm-header|guʃ}}
===Etymology===
From Vulgar Latin ''[[wikt:gusia]]''. See also Albanian ''[[wikt:gushë]]'' and Romanian ''[[Wiktionary:gușă]]''.
{{nm-noun-f0|gúsh|throat, gullet}}
[[Category:Nm:Balkan Sprachbund vocabulary]]
[[Category:Contionary]]

Contionary:gush

2025-03-08T17:19:10Z

Tardigrade:

{{nm-header|guʃ}}
===Etymology===
From German ''[[wikt:Soldat#German|Soldat]]''.
{{nm-noun-f-0|gúsh|throat, gullet}}
[[Category:Niemish words borrowed from other Germanic languages]]
[[Category:Contionary]]

Contionary:gush

2025-03-08T17:17:21Z

Tardigrade: Created page with "==Niemish== ===Pronunciation=== * IPA: /{{{1}}}/ <noinclude>Category:Niemish templates</noinclude><includeonly>Category:Contionary</includeonly> ===Etymology=== From German ''Soldat''. {{nm-noun-mh-0|soldát|soldier}} ====See also==== * ''{{term|warden#Niemish|wárden}}'' ("guard, soldier in the Niemish Gardsbewarz") Category:Niemish words borrowed from other Germanic languages Category:Contionary"

==[[Niemish]]==
===Pronunciation===
* [[Guide:IPA|IPA]]: /{{{1}}}/
<noinclude>[[Category:Niemish templates]]</noinclude><includeonly>[[Category:Contionary]]</includeonly>
===Etymology===
From German ''[[wikt:Soldat#German|Soldat]]''.
{{nm-noun-mh-0|soldát|soldier}}
====See also====
* ''{{term|warden#Niemish|wárden}}'' ("guard, soldier in the Niemish Gardsbewarz")
[[Category:Niemish words borrowed from other Germanic languages]]
[[Category:Contionary]]

Contionary:gur

2024-10-05T20:17:14Z

Tardigrade: /* Noun */

==[[Bretonese]]==
===Etymology===
From Proto-Brythonic ''[[wikt:Reconstruction:Proto-Brythonic/gwur|*gwur]]''. Cognate with Welsh ''[[wikt:gŵr|gŵr]]''.

===Noun===
'''{{PAGENAME}}''' ''m.'' (''plural'' '''güer''')
# man
# husband

===Mutations===
{| class="wikitable" style="background:transparent; border:none; text-align:center;"
! colspan=4 | Bretonese mutations
|-
| radical || soft || nasal || spirant
|-
| '''gur''' || vur || ngur || ''unchanged''
|}

Contionary:gur

2024-10-05T20:14:03Z

Tardigrade: Created page with "==Bretonese== ===Etymology=== From Proto-Brythonic ''*gwur''. Cognate with Welsh ''gŵr''. ===Noun=== '''{{PAGENAME}}''' ''m.'' (''plural'' '''güer''') # man ===Mutations=== {| class="wikitable" style="background:transparent; border:none; text-align:center;" ! colspan=4 | Bretonese mutations |- | radical || soft || nasal || spirant |- | '''gur''' || vur || ngur || ''unchanged'' |}"

==[[Bretonese]]==
===Etymology===
From Proto-Brythonic ''[[wikt:Reconstruction:Proto-Brythonic/gwur|*gwur]]''. Cognate with Welsh ''[[wikt:gŵr|gŵr]]''.

===Noun===
'''{{PAGENAME}}''' ''m.'' (''plural'' '''güer''')
# man

===Mutations===
{| class="wikitable" style="background:transparent; border:none; text-align:center;"
! colspan=4 | Bretonese mutations
|-
| radical || soft || nasal || spirant
|-
| '''gur''' || vur || ngur || ''unchanged''
|}

Contionary:gou

2024-10-05T20:10:28Z

Tardigrade: /* Mutations */

==[[Bretonese]]==
===Etymology===
From Proto-Brythonic ''[[wikt:Reconstruction:Proto-Brythonic/goβ|*goβ]]''. Cognate with Welsh ''[[wikt:gof|gof]]''.

===Noun===
'''{{PAGENAME}}''' ''m.'' (''plural'' '''govion''')
# smith

===Mutations===
{| class="wikitable" style="background:transparent; border:none; text-align:center;"
! colspan=4 | Bretonese mutations
|-
| radical || soft || nasal || spirant
|-
| '''gou''' || vou || ngou || ''unchanged''
|}

Contionary:gou

2024-10-05T20:09:30Z

Tardigrade: Created page with "==Bretonese== ===Etymology=== From Proto-Brythonic ''*goβ''. Cognate with Welsh ''gof''. ===Noun=== '''{{PAGENAME}}''' ''m.'' (''plural'' '''govion''') # smith ===Mutations=== {| class="wikitable" style="background:transparent; border:none; text-align:center;" ! colspan=4 | Bretonese mutations |- | radical || soft || nasal || spirant |- | '''gou''' || ou || ngou || ''unchanged'' |}"

Contionary:olveñ

2024-10-05T14:56:22Z

Tardigrade: /* Noun */

==[[Bretonese]]==
===Etymology===
Cognate with Welsh ''[[wikt:olwyn|olwyn]]''.
===Noun===
'''{{PAGENAME}}''' ''f.'' (''plural'' '''olveñon''')
# potter's wheel
# spinning wheel
# steering wheel
# turntable

====Related terms====
* ''[[Contionary:rrod#Bretonese|rrod]]'' (“wheel of a vehicle”)

Contionary:olveñ

2024-10-05T14:54:54Z

Tardigrade: /* Related terms */

==[[Bretonese]]==
===Etymology===
Cognate with Welsh ''[[wikt:olwyn|olwyn]]''.
===Noun===
'''{{PAGENAME}}''' ''f.'' (''plural'' '''olveñon''')
# potter's wheel
# spinning wheel
# turntable

====Related terms====
* ''[[Contionary:rrod#Bretonese|rrod]]'' (“wheel of a vehicle”)

Contionary:rrod

2024-10-05T14:54:36Z

Tardigrade:

==[[Bretonese]]==
===Etymology===
From Proto-Brythonic ''[[wikt:Reconstruction:Proto-Brythonic/rrod|*rrod]]''. Cognate with Welsh ''[[wikt:rhod|rhod]]''.

===Noun===
'''{{PAGENAME}}''' ''f.'' (''plural'' '''rroda''')
# potter's wheel
# spinning wheel
# turntable

===Mutations===
{| class="wikitable" style="background:transparent; border:none; text-align:center;"
! colspan=4 | Bretonese mutations
|-
| radical || soft || nasal || spirant
|-
| '''rrod''' || rod || ''unchanged'' || ''unchanged''
|}

====Related terms====
* ''[[Contionary:olveñ#Bretonese|olveñ]]'' (“potter's wheel, spinning wheel”)

Contionary:olveñ

2024-10-05T14:51:54Z

Tardigrade: /* Noun */

==[[Bretonese]]==
===Etymology===
Cognate with Welsh ''[[wikt:olwyn|olwyn]]''.
===Noun===
'''{{PAGENAME}}''' ''f.'' (''plural'' '''olveñon''')
# potter's wheel
# spinning wheel
# turntable

====Related terms====
* ''[[Contionary:rrod#Niemish|rrod]]'' (“wheel of a vehicle”)

Contionary:rrod

2024-10-05T14:51:31Z

Tardigrade:

==[[Bretonese]]==
===Etymology===
From Proto-Brythonic ''[[wikt:Reconstruction:Proto-Brythonic/rrod|*rrod]]''. Cognate with Welsh ''[[wikt:rhod|rhod]]''.

===Noun===
'''{{PAGENAME}}''' ''f.'' (''plural'' '''rroda''')
# potter's wheel
# spinning wheel
# turntable

===Mutations===
{| class="wikitable" style="background:transparent; border:none; text-align:center;"
! colspan=4 | Bretonese mutations
|-
| radical || soft || nasal || spirant
|-
| '''rrod''' || rod || ''unchanged'' || ''unchanged''
|}

====Related terms====
* ''[[Contionary:olveñ#Niemish|olveñ]]'' (“potter's wheel, spinning wheel”)

Contionary:rrod

2024-10-05T14:50:28Z

Tardigrade: Created page with "==Bretonese== ===Etymology=== From Proto-Brythonic ''*rrod''. Cognate with Welsh ''rhod''. ===Noun=== '''{{PAGENAME}}''' ''m.'' (''plural'' '''olveñon''') # potter's wheel # spinning wheel # turntable ===Mutations=== {| class="wikitable" style="background:transparent; border:none; text-align:center;" ! colspan=4 | Bretonese mutations |- | radical || soft || nasal || spirant |- | '''rrod''' || rod || ''unch..."

==[[Bretonese]]==
===Etymology===
From Proto-Brythonic ''[[wikt:Reconstruction:Proto-Brythonic/rrod|*rrod]]''. Cognate with Welsh ''[[wikt:rhod|rhod]]''.

===Noun===
'''{{PAGENAME}}''' ''m.'' (''plural'' '''olveñon''')
# potter's wheel
# spinning wheel
# turntable

===Mutations===
{| class="wikitable" style="background:transparent; border:none; text-align:center;"
! colspan=4 | Bretonese mutations
|-
| radical || soft || nasal || spirant
|-
| '''rrod''' || rod || ''unchanged'' || ''unchanged''
|}

====Related terms====
* ''[[Contionary:olveñ#Niemish|olveñ]]'' (“potter's wheel, spinning wheel”)

Contionary:olveñ

2024-10-05T14:47:39Z

Tardigrade: Created page with "==Bretonese== ===Etymology=== Cognate with Welsh ''olwyn''. ===Noun=== '''{{PAGENAME}}''' ''m.'' (''plural'' '''olveñon''') # potter's wheel # spinning wheel # turntable ====Related terms==== * ''rrod'' (“wheel of a vehicle”)"

==[[Bretonese]]==
===Etymology===
Cognate with Welsh ''[[wikt:olwyn|olwyn]]''.
===Noun===
'''{{PAGENAME}}''' ''m.'' (''plural'' '''olveñon''')
# potter's wheel
# spinning wheel
# turntable

====Related terms====
* ''[[Contionary:rrod#Niemish|rrod]]'' (“wheel of a vehicle”)

Bretonese

2024-09-21T18:46:11Z

Tardigrade:

{{Private}}

{{Infobox language
|name = Bretonese
|nativename = breçoneix
|pronunciation = breˈθoneʃ
|creator = Tardigrade
|states = Spain, Portugal
|familycolor = Indo-European
|fam2= [[w:Celtic languages|Celtic]]
|fam3= [[w:Insular Celtic|Insular Celtic]]
|fam4= [[w:Brythonic|Brythonic]]
|ancestor= [[w:Common Brythonic|Common Brythonic]]
|script1 = Latn
}}

Bretonese (''breçoneix'') {{IPA|/breˈθoneʃ/}} is a Brittonic Celtic tongue spoken in the Spanish autonomous communities of Galicia, Asturias and in northern Portugal. It is spoken by 30% of the population in these areas. Of these, 75% are in Spain and the remainder in Portugal and in diaspora communities.

==Phonology and Orthography==
===Bretonese Consonants===
The consonant inventory for Bretonese is as follows:

{| class="wikitable" style="width: 660px; text-align: center;"
|-
! colspan=2 |
! [[w:Bilabial consonant|Bilabial]]
! [[w:Labiodental consonant|Labiodental]]
! [[w:Dental_consonant|Dental]]
! [[w:Alveolar_consonant|Alveolar]]
! [[w:Palatal consonant|Palatal]]
! [[w:Velar consonant|Velar]]
|-
! colspan=2 | [[w:Nasal consonant|Nasal]]
| [[w:Voiced_bilabial_nasal|m]] ⟨m⟩
| rowspan=3 style=border-right:0; |
| style=border-left:0; |
| [[w:Voiced_dental,_alveolar_and_postalveolar_nasals|n]] ⟨n⟩
| [[w:ɲ|ɲ]] ⟨ñ⟩
| [[w:ŋ|ŋ]] ⟨ng, ngu⟩
|-
! rowspan=2 | [[w:Stop consonant|Plosive]] !! <small>[[w:voice (phonetics)|voiceless]]</small>
| [[w:Voiceless_bilabial_plosive|p]] ⟨p⟩
| [[w:Voiceless_dental_plosive|t]] ⟨t⟩
| rowspan=2 |
| [[w:t͡ʃ|t͡ʃ]] ⟨ch⟩
| [[w:/k/|k]] ⟨c, qu⟩
|-
! <small>[[w:voice (phonetics)|voiced]]</small>
| rowspan=2 | [[w:Voiced_bilabial_plosive|b]]~[[w:/β/|β]] ⟨b⟩
| rowspan=2 | [[w:Voiced_dental_plosive|d]]~[[w:/ð/|ð]] ⟨d⟩
| rowspan=2 | [[w:d͡ʒ|d͡ʒ]]~[[w:ʒ|ʒ]] ⟨g, j⟩
| rowspan=2 | [[w:Voiced_velar_plosive|ɡ]]~[[w:/ɣ/|ɣ]] ⟨g, gu⟩
|-
! rowspan=2 | [[w:Fricative consonant|Fricative]] !! <small>[[w:voice (phonetics)|voiced]]</small>
| [[w:Voiced_labial_fricative|v]] ⟨v⟩
| [[w:Voiced_alveolar_sibilant|z]] ⟨z⟩
|-
! <small>[[w:voice (phonetics)|voiceless]]</small>
|
| [[w:Voiceless_labial_fricative|f]] ⟨f⟩
| [[w:Voiceless_dental_fricative|θ]] ⟨ç⟩
| [[w:Voiceless_alveolar_sibilant|s]] ⟨s⟩
| [[w:ʃ|ʃ]] ⟨x⟩
| [[w:Voiceless_velar_fricative|x]] ⟨h⟩
|-
! rowspan=2 | [[w:Approximant|Approximant]] !! <small>[[w:Central consonant|central]]</small>
| rowspan=4 colspan=3 style=border-right:0; |
| style=border-left:0; |
| [[w:/j/|j]] ⟨y⟩
| [[w:/w/|w]] ⟨u⟩
|-
! <small>[[w:Lateral consonant|lateral]]</small>
| [[w:/l/|l]] ⟨l⟩
| [[w:/ʎ/|ʎ]] ⟨ll⟩
| rowspan=3 style=border-left:0; |
|-
! colspan=2 | [[w:Trill|Trill]]
| [[w:/r/|r]] ⟨rr⟩
|-
! colspan=2 | [[w:Tap|Tap]]
| [[w:/ɾ/|ɾ]] ⟨r⟩
|-
|}

===Vowels & Diphthongs===
The monophthongs are represented by the following inventory:

{|class="wikitable"
!|
! scope="col" | [[Front vowel|Front]]
! scope="col" | [[w:Central vowel|Central]]
! scope="col" | [[Back vowel|Back]]
|- align=center
! scope="row" | [[Close vowel|Close]]
| /i/ 〈i, í〉
|
| /u/ 〈u, ú〉
|- align=center
! scope="row" | [[w:Close-mid vowel|Close-mid]]
| /e/ 〈e, é〉
|
| /o/ 〈o, ó〉
|- align=center
! scope="row" | [[w:Open-mid vowel|Open-mid]]
| /ɛ/ 〈e, è〉
|
| /ɔ/ 〈o, ò〉
|- align=center
! scope="row" | [[Open vowel|Open]]
|
| /a/ 〈a, á〉
|
|}

All of Bretonese's true diphthongs are falling and consist of a vowel + either /i̯/ or /u̯/.

{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 270px; text-align:center;"
! style="width: 90px; "|
! style="width: 70px; " |+ i̯
! style="width: 70px; " |+ u̯
|-
! style="" |Near-close
|
| ɪu̯
|-
! style="" |Mid
| əi̯
|
|-
! style="" |Open-mid
| ɛi̯    ɔi̯
| ɛu̯    ɔu̯
|-
! style="" |Open
|
| au̯
|}

===Sound Changes===
====Consonant Mutations====
As with all modern Celtic languages, Bretonese makes extensive use of initial consonant mutations to help signal grammatical and syntactic information. Bretonese has three main mutations: '''lenis''' (''[[Contionary:meyel|meyel]]''), '''spirant''' (''[[Contionary:cravel|cravel]]'') and '''nasal''' (''[[Contionary:troinel|troinel]]'').

The changes caused by the mutations are summarised in the following table.

{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center;"
! style="width: 90px; " |Radical
! style="width: 90px; " |Nasal
! style="width: 90px; " |Lenis
! style="width: 90px; " |Spirant
|-
| ''p'' /p/
|
| ''b'' /b/
| ''f'' /f/
|-
| ''t'' /t/
|
| ''d'' /d/
| ''ç'' /θ/
|-
| ''c, qu'' /k/
|
| ''g, gu'' /g/
| ''h'' /x/
|-
| ''ch'' /t͡ʃ/
|
| ''j, g'' /d͡ʒ/
| ''x'' /ʃ/
|-
| ''b'' /b/
| ''m'' /m/
| ''v'' /v/
|
|-
| ''d'' /d/
| ''n'' /n/
| ∅
|
|-
| ''z'' /z/
| ''ñ'' /ɲ/
| ''y'' /j/
|
|-
| ''g, gu'' /ɡ/
| ''ng, ngu'' /ŋ/
| ∅
|
|-
| ''gu, gü'' /ɡw/
| ''ngu, ngü'' /ŋw/
| ''v'' /v/
|
|-
| ''j, g'' /d͡ʒ/
| ''ñ'' /ɲ/
| ''y'' /j/
|
|-
| ''f'' /f/
|
| ∅
|
|-
| ''ll'' /ʎ/
|
| ''l'' /l/
|
|-
| ''m'' /m/
|
| ''v'' /ṽ/
|
|-
| ''ñ'' /ɲ/
|
| ''n'' /n/
|
|-
| ''rr'' /r/
|
| ''r'' /ɾ/
|
|}

Lenited ''g'' becomes ''v'' before words in ''go-, gu-'', e.g. ''[[Contionary:gou|gou]]'' "smith" → ''i vou'' "his smith", ''[[Contionary:gur|gur]]'' "man, husband" → ''i vur'' "his husband".

Lenited ''d'' becomes ''y'' before words in ''de-, di-'', e.g. ''[[Contionary:dey|dey]]'' "day" → ''i yey'' "his day", ''[[Contionary:dill|dill]]'' "method, way" → ''i yill'' "his method".

Examples:
* Lenition: ''i beñ'' "his head", ''di dad'' "your dad", ''i gi'' "his dog", ''a reg'' "the woman", ''de Varselen'' "to Barcelona".
* Spirantisation: ''i feñ'' "her head", ''tri çad'' "three dads", ''ter haç'' "three cats".
* Nasalisation: ''no ngreg'' "nine women", ''i Marselen'' "in Barcelona"

[[Category:Languages]]
[[Category:Conlangs]]
[[Category:A posteriori]]
[[Category:Indo-European languages]]
[[Category:Celtic languages]]

Contionary:frud

2024-09-21T18:45:44Z

Tardigrade:

==[[Bretonese]]==
===Etymology===
From Proto-Brythonic ''[[wikt:Reconstruction:Proto-Brythonic/frud|*frud]]''. Cognate with Welsh ''[[wikt:ffrwd|ffrwd]]''.
===Noun===
'''{{PAGENAME}}''' ''m.'' (''plural'' '''friza''')
# brook, stream
# stream, flow, current

===Mutations===
{| class="wikitable" style="background:transparent; border:none; text-align:center;"
! colspan=4 | Bretonese mutations
|-
| radical || soft || nasal || spirant
|-
| '''frud''' || rud || ''unchanged'' || ''unchanged''
|}

{{nm-header|fruːd}}
{{nm-got|𐍆𐍂𐍉𐌸𐍃|frōþs}}
{{nm-adj-0|frúd|wise}}

===Antonyms===
* ''[[Contionary:ųfrud|ųfrúd]]'' ("unwise, foolish")
===Derived terms===
* ''[[Contionary:frude|frúde]]'' ("wisdom")

[[Category:Contionary]]

Brittonica

2024-09-21T18:44:08Z

Tardigrade: /* Syntax */

'''Brittonica''' (''Brittoníca'') is a reconstructed form of late Common Brythonic dating to about the early 6th century, the time of King Arthur, shortly before the loss of final syllables led to the development of the earliest daughter languages (ancestors of Welsh, Breton and Cornish).

=Phonology=
===Vowels===
{| class="IPA" cellspacing="0px" cellpadding="0" style="text-align:center; background:none;"
|- style="text-align:center; font-size:smaller;"
|style="padding-bottom:3px;"|  
| style="width: 60px;" | '''Front'''
| style="width: 60px; word-spacing: -.3em;" | '''Near- front'''
| style="width: 60px;" | '''Central'''
| style="width: 60px;word-spacing: -.3em;" | '''Near- back'''
| style="width: 60px;" | '''Back'''
|-
| style="height: 30px; font-size: smaller; text-align: right;" | '''Close'''
| style="height: 210px;" colspan=5 rowspan=7 | <div style="position: relative;">[[File:Blank vowel trapezoid.svg|300px|link=]]<div style="background:none; position:absolute; top:0; left:0;">
{| style="position:relative; width:300px; height:210px; text-align:center; background:none;"
|-
| style="width:300px; height:210px; text-align:center; background:none; font-size:120%;"|


<div style="position: absolute; left: 5%; width: 2.3em; top: 2%; background: white;">iː</div>
<div style="position: absolute; left: 43%; width: 3.1em; top: 2%; background: white;">ʉː</div>
<div style="position: absolute; left: 85%; width: 2.3em; top: 2%; background: white;"></div>


<div style="position: absolute; left: 28%; width: 2.33em; top: 17%; background: white;">ɪ</div>
<div style="position: absolute; left: 44%; width: 4em; top: 17%; background: white;"></div>
<div style="position: absolute; left: 74%; width: 1.5em; top: 17%; background: white;">ʊ</div>


<div style="position: absolute; left: 16%; width: 2.7em; top: 30%; background: white;">eː</div>
<div style="position: absolute; left: 50%; width: 2.7em; top: 30%; background: white;"></div>
<div style="position: absolute; left: 84%; width: 2.7em; top: 30%; background: white;"></div>


<div style="position: absolute; left: 24%; width: 2.7em; top: 44%; background: white;"></div>
<div style="position: absolute; left: 57%; width: 1em; top: 44%; background: white;"></div>
<div style="position: absolute; left: 83%; width: 2.7em; top: 44%; background: white;"></div>


<div style="position: absolute; left: 30%; width: 3em; top: 58%; background: white;">ɛ(ː)</div>
<div style="position: absolute; left: 57%; width: 2.7em; top: 58%; background: white;"></div>
<div style="position: absolute; left: 83%; width: 2.7em; top: 58%; background: white;">ɔ(ː)</div>


<div style="position: absolute; left: 37%; width: 1.3em; top: 73%;"></div>
<div style="position: absolute; left: 64%; width: 1em; top: 73%; background: white;"></div>


<div style="position: absolute; left: 44%; width: 3em; top: 86%; background: white;">a</div>
<div style="position: absolute; left: 68%; width: 1em; top: 86%; background: white;"></div>
<div style="position: absolute; left: 85%; width: 2em; top: 86%; background: white;"></div>
|}
</div></div>
|-
| style="height: 30px; font-size: smaller; text-align: right;" |   '''Near-close'''
|-
| style="height: 30px; font-size: smaller; text-align: right;" | '''Close-mid'''
|-
| style="height: 30px; font-size: smaller; text-align: right;" | '''Mid'''
|-
| style="height: 30px; font-size: smaller; text-align: right;" | '''Open-mid'''
|-
| style="height: 30px; font-size: smaller; text-align: right;" | '''Near-open'''
|-
| style="height: 30px; font-size: smaller; text-align: right;" | '''Open'''
|}

===Consonants===
{|class="wikitable" border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1;" style="text-align:center;"
! style="width: 100px; "|
! style="width: 80px; " |Bilabial
! style="width: 80px; " |Alveolar
! style="width: 80px; " |Palatal
! style="width: 80px; " |Velar
! style="width: 80px; " |Glottal
|-
! style="" |Nasal
|        m
|        n
|
|        ŋ
|
|-
! style="" |Plosive
| p      b
| t      d
|
| k      g
|
|-
! style="" |Fricative
|   ɸ   (β, μ)
| s     (ð)
|
| x     (ɣ)
| h       
|-
! style="" |Approximant
|        w
|
|        j
|
|
|-
! style="" |Trill
|
|        r
|
|
|
|-
! style="" |Lateral app.
|
|        l
|
|
|
|-
|}

Notes:
* All consonants except /w, j, ɸ, x, h/ may be geminate between vowels.
* The fricatives [β, ð, ɣ] and [μ] (representing a nasalised /β/) are allophones of /b, d, g/ and /m/ respectively, occuring between vowels or between /l, r/ and a vowel.

===Stress===
Primary stress is routinely placed on the penultimate syllable of polysyllabic words, with secondary stress on the pre-antepenult.

Prefixes and proclitics, such as pronouns and prepositions, do not take stress.

===Orthography===
The orthography of Brittonica is based on the Latin alphabet, which was adopted during the Roman occupation of Britain. As a result of long usage, the pronunciation of words is not entirely phonemic (though it is predictable) as spelling has remained relatively conservative as pronunciation has changed.

The alphabet consists of the following letters:

:: ''Aa Áá Ææ Bb Cc Dd Ee Éé Ff Gg Hh Ii Íí Ll Mm Nn Oo Pp Rr Ss Tt Uu Úú Vv Xx''

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
|-
! Graph !! width="50px;" | IPA !! width="300px;" | Notes !! width="150px;" | Example
|-
| '''A a''' || /a/ || || ''catta''
|-
| '''Á á''' || /ɔː/ || || ''máro''
|-
| '''Æ æ''' || /ɛː/ || || ''cæto''
|-
| rowspan="2;" | '''B b''' || /b/ || style="text-align:left;" | initially || ''bena''
|-
| [β] || style="text-align:left;" | between vowels, before or after ''r, l'' || ''abona''
|-
| rowspan="2;" | '''C c''' || /k/ || style="text-align:left;" | initially || ''catta''
|-
| [g] || style="text-align:left;" | between vowels || ''teca''
|-
| rowspan="2;" | '''D d''' || /d/ || style="text-align:left;" | initially || ''druco''
|-
| [ð] || style="text-align:left;" | between vowels, before or after ''r, l'' || ''monido''
|-a
| '''E e''' || /ɛ/ || || ''mercess''
|-
| '''É é''' || /eː/ || || ''ecléssia''
|-
| '''F f''' || /ɸ/ || || ''fonna''
|-
| rowspan="2;" | '''G g''' || /g/ || style="text-align:left;" | initially || ''gabro''
|-
| [ɣ] || style="text-align:left;" | between vowels, before or after ''r, l'' || ''dago''
|-
| '''H h''' || /h/ || || ''henton''
|-
| '''I i''' || /ɪ/ || || ''viro''
|-
| '''Í í''' || /iː/ || || ''híro''
|-
| '''L l''' || /l/ || || ''láma''
|-
| rowspan="2;" | '''M m''' || /m/ || style="text-align:left;" | initially || ''merkess''
|-
| [μ] || style="text-align:left;" | between vowels, before or after ''r, l'' || ''láma''
|-
| '''N n''' || /n/ || || ''nanton''
|-
| '''O o''' || /ɔ/ || || ''cotto''
|-
| rowspan="2;" | '''P p''' || /p/ || style="text-align:left;" | initially || ''pempe''
|-
| [b] || style="text-align:left;" | between vowels, before ''r, l'' || ''mapo''
|-
| '''R r''' || /r/ || || ''ríma''
|-
| '''S s''' || /s/ || || ''priston''
|-
| rowspan="2;" | '''T t''' || /t/ || style="text-align:left;" | initially || ''teca''
|-
| [d] || style="text-align:left;" | between vowels, before ''r, l'' || ''cenetlon''
|-
| '''U u''' || || ||
|-
| '''Ú ú''' || || ||
|-
| '''V v''' || || ||
|-
| '''X x''' || || ||
|}

=Morphology=
==Nouns==
Nouns are marked for three genders (masculine, feminine and neuter), three numbers (singular, dual and plural) and five cases (nominative, accusative, genitive, dative and vocative). As with other ancient Indo-European languages, nouns belonged to one of several stem classes.

===O-Stems===
All o-stem nouns are either masculine or neuter.

{| class="wikitable"
! rowspan="2;" style="width: 60px;" | !! colspan="3;" | Masculine <br/> ''mapoh'' "boy" !! colspan="3;" | Neuter <br/> ''dínon'' "fort"
|-
! style="width: 80px;" | Sg. !! style="width: 80px;" | Du. !! style="width: 80px;" | Pl. !! style="width: 80px;" | Sg. !! style="width: 80px;" | Du. !! style="width: 80px;" | Pl.
|-
| Nom. || ''mapoh'' || rowspan="3;" | ''mapú'' || ''mapí'' || rowspan="3;" | ''dínon'' || rowspan="3;" | ''dínú'' || rowspan="3;" | ''díná''
|-
| Voc. || ''mape'' || rowspan="2;" | ''mapíh''
|-
| Acc. || ''mapon''
|-
| Gen. || rowspan="2;" | ''mapí'' || ''mapíh'' || ''mapon'' || rowspan="2;" | ''díní'' || ''díníh'' || ''dínon''
|-
| Dat. || ''mapobon'' || ''mapobo'' || ''dínobon'' || ''dínobo''
|}

==Adjectives==
==Numerals==
==Verbs==
==Prepositions==
==Conjunctions==
=Syntax=

[[Category:Languages]]
[[Category:Conlangs]]
[[Category:A posteriori]]
[[Category:Indo-European languages]]
[[Category:Celtic languages]]

Contionary:oga

2024-06-15T14:00:25Z

Tardigrade: /* See also */

{{nm-header|ˈoːgɐ}}
===Etymology===
From Gothic ''[[wikt:𐌰𐌿𐌲𐌰𐌳𐌰𐌿𐍂𐍉#Gothic|áugadaúrō]]'' (lit. "eye-door"). The shortening was likely enabled by the shift in meaning of ''{{term|liuth#Niemish|liúth}}'' ("light") to also mean "eye".
{{nm-noun-fNh|óg|window}}
====See also====
* ''[[Contionary:fnestor#Niemish|fnèstor]]'' (gap, opening)
[[Category:Contionary]]

Contionary:fnestor

2024-06-15T13:59:24Z

Tardigrade: Created page with "{{nm-header|ˈfʲnʲɛstʊr}} ===Etymology=== From Post-Gothic ''*fnistra'', in turn from Latin ''fenestra''. Category:Niemish words of Latin origin {{Nm-noun-f0h-S|fnèstor|frèstr|opening, gap in a wall, doorway # opportunity # (''anatomy'') opening in a body, sometimes with a membrane}} ====See also==== * ''óga'' ("window") Category:Contionary"

{{nm-header|ˈfʲnʲɛstʊr}}
===Etymology===
From Post-Gothic ''[[Contionary:fnistra|*fnistra]]'', in turn from Latin ''[[wikt:fenestra#Latin|fenestra]]''.
[[Category:Niemish words of Latin origin]]

{{Nm-noun-f0h-S|fnèstor|frèstr|opening, gap in a wall, doorway
# opportunity
# (''anatomy'') opening in a body, sometimes with a membrane}}
====See also====
* ''[[Contionary:oga#Niemish|óga]]'' ("window")
[[Category:Contionary]]

Contionary:fręstor

2024-06-15T13:58:33Z

Tardigrade: Blanked the page

Contionary:fręstor

2024-06-15T13:54:53Z

Tardigrade: /* Etymology */

{{nm-header|ˈfʲrʲɛ̃stʊr}}
===Etymology===
From Post-Gothic ''[[Contionary:fnistra|*fnistra]]'', in turn from Latin ''[[wikt:fenestra#Latin|fenestra]]''.
[[Category:Niemish words of Latin origin]]

{{Nm-noun-f0h-S|frę̀stor|frę̀str|opening, gap in a wall, doorway
# opportunity
# (''anatomy'') opening in a body, sometimes with a membrane}}
====See also====
* ''[[Contionary:oga#Niemish|óga]]'' ("window")
[[Category:Contionary]]

Contionary:fręstor

2024-06-15T13:52:41Z

Tardigrade: /* Etymology */

{{nm-header|ˈfʲrʲɛ̃stʊr}}
===Etymology===
From Post-Gothic ''[[Contionary:fnistra|*fnistra]]'', in turn from Latin ''[[wikt:fenstra#Latin|fenestra]]''.
[[Category:Niemish words of Latin origin]]

{{Nm-noun-f0h-S|frę̀stor|frę̀str|opening, gap in a wall, doorway
# opportunity
# (''anatomy'') opening in a body, sometimes with a membrane}}
====See also====
* ''[[Contionary:oga#Niemish|óga]]'' ("window")
[[Category:Contionary]]

Contionary:fręstor

2024-06-15T13:52:30Z

Tardigrade: /* Etymology */

{{nm-header|ˈfʲrʲɛ̃stʊr}}
===Etymology===
From Post-Gothic [[Contionary:fnistra|*fnistra]], in turn from Latin ''[[wikt:fenstra#Latin|fenestra]]''.
[[Category:Niemish words of Latin origin]]

{{Nm-noun-f0h-S|frę̀stor|frę̀str|opening, gap in a wall, doorway
# opportunity
# (''anatomy'') opening in a body, sometimes with a membrane}}
====See also====
* ''[[Contionary:oga#Niemish|óga]]'' ("window")
[[Category:Contionary]]

Contionary:oga

2024-06-15T13:52:04Z

Tardigrade: /* See also */

{{nm-header|ˈoːgɐ}}
===Etymology===
From Gothic ''[[wikt:𐌰𐌿𐌲𐌰𐌳𐌰𐌿𐍂𐍉#Gothic|áugadaúrō]]'' (lit. "eye-door"). The shortening was likely enabled by the shift in meaning of ''{{term|liuth#Niemish|liúth}}'' ("light") to also mean "eye".
{{nm-noun-fNh|óg|window}}
====See also====
* ''[[Contionary:fręstor#Niemish|frę̀stor]]'' (gap, opening)
[[Category:Contionary]]

Contionary:fręstor

2024-06-15T13:51:43Z

Tardigrade:

{{nm-header|ˈfʲrʲɛ̃stʊr}}
===Etymology===
From Post-Gothic *[[Contionary:fnistra|fnistra]], in turn from Latin ''[[wikt:fenstra#Latin|fenestra]]''.
[[Category:Niemish words of Latin origin]]

{{Nm-noun-f0h-S|frę̀stor|frę̀str|opening, gap in a wall, doorway
# opportunity
# (''anatomy'') opening in a body, sometimes with a membrane}}
====See also====
* ''[[Contionary:oga#Niemish|óga]]'' ("window")
[[Category:Contionary]]

Contionary:fręstor

2024-06-15T13:50:23Z

Tardigrade:

{{nm-header|ˈfʲrʲɛ̃stʊr}}
From Post-Gothic *[[Contionary:fnistra|fnistra]]. {{nm-lat|fenestra}}.
{{Nm-noun-f0h-S|frę̀stor|frę̀str|opening, gap in a wall, doorway
# opportunity
# (''anatomy'') opening in a body, sometimes with a membrane}}
====See also====
* ''[[Contionary:oga#Niemish|óga]]'' ("window")
[[Category:Contionary]]

Template:Nm-lat

2024-06-15T13:49:56Z

Tardigrade:

===Etymology===
From Latin ''[[wikt:{{{1}}}#Latin|{{{1}}}]]''
<noinclude>[[Category:Niemish templates]]</noinclude>
<includeonly>[[Category:Niemish words of Latin origin]]</includeonly>

Template:Nm-lat

2024-06-15T13:49:41Z

Tardigrade: /* Etymology */

===Etymology===
From Post-Gothic *[[Contionary:fnistra|fnistra]], from Latin ''[[wikt:{{{1}}}#Latin|{{{1}}}]]''
<noinclude>[[Category:Niemish templates]]</noinclude>
<includeonly>[[Category:Niemish words of Latin origin]]</includeonly>

Contionary:fręstor

2024-06-15T13:48:53Z

Tardigrade: Created page with "{{nm-header|ˈfʲrʲɛ̃stʊr}} {{nm-lat|fenestra}} {{Nm-noun-f0h-S|frę̀stor|frę̀str|opening, gap in a wall, doorway # opportunity # (''anatomy'') opening in a body, sometimes with a membrane}} ====See also==== * ''óga'' ("window") Category:Contionary"

{{nm-header|ˈfʲrʲɛ̃stʊr}}
{{nm-lat|fenestra}}
{{Nm-noun-f0h-S|frę̀stor|frę̀str|opening, gap in a wall, doorway
# opportunity
# (''anatomy'') opening in a body, sometimes with a membrane}}
====See also====
* ''[[Contionary:oga#Niemish|óga]]'' ("window")
[[Category:Contionary]]

Contionary:fęstor

2024-06-15T13:48:08Z

Tardigrade: Blanked the page

Contionary:senop

2024-05-06T22:03:30Z

Tardigrade:

{{nm-header-pic|Senf-Variationen|Sénop na [[Contionary:spyn|spíns]]|sʲeːnʊp}}
{{nm-got|𐍃𐌹𐌽𐌰𐍀𐌹𐍃|sināps}}
{{Nm-noun-mh-0|sénop|mustard}}
[[Category:Nm:Botany and Mycology]]
[[Category:Contionary]]

Contionary:pyparmusz

2024-04-25T00:47:12Z

Tardigrade: Created page with "{{nm-header|ˈpɨːpɐrˌmuːʃ}} ===Etymology=== From ''{{term|pypar#Niemish|pýpar}}'' ("whistler") + ''{{term|musz#Niemish|músz}}'' ("mouse"). {{nm-noun-mh-0|pýparmúsz|marmot}} Category:Contionary"

{{nm-header|ˈpɨːpɐrˌmuːʃ}}
===Etymology===
From ''{{term|pypar#Niemish|pýpar}}'' ("whistler") + ''{{term|musz#Niemish|músz}}'' ("mouse").
{{nm-noun-mh-0|pýparmúsz|marmot}}
[[Category:Contionary]]

Contionary:musz

2024-04-25T00:46:24Z

Tardigrade: /* Derived terms */

==Niemish==
===Pronunciation===
* [[Guide:IPA|IPA]]: /muːʃ/

===Etymology===
From Proto-Germanic ''[[wikt:Proto-Germanic/mūs|*mūs]]''.

{{Nm-noun-f0h-Z|músz|mùsz|mouse}}
====Derived terms====
* [[Contionary:lithurmusz#Niemish|líthurmúsz]] ("bat")
* [[Contionary:pyparmusz#Niemish|pýparmúsz]] ("marmot")
[[Category:Contionary]]