Linguifex - User contributions [en]

Fifth Linguifex Relay

2017-06-09T19:30:34Z

Uttrediay:

{{Relay_navigation_sidebar}}
The '''Fifth Linguifex Relay''' was a conlang relay, a game of conlingual telephone, on Linguifex. The relay text was written in [[Tíogall]] by the relaymaster [[User:IlL|IlL]]. The text passed through eleven translations before being retranslated into Tíogall.

==Texts==
The original text was provided by [[User:IlL|IlL]] in his [[Tíogall]] language. The text is a love poem written by a (Tíogall equivalent of a) high school girl, for posting on a fanfiction website to represent her shipping of an original character, Toiréir Gruaid, with the charismatic male scientist character Stearras Seille from the TV show ___. The poem uses the [[w:Burns stanza|Burns stanza]], which is more common in Tíogall poetry than in English poetry.

:''''' Toħdádhéach ''''' - Warming Up to You
:*''[[Fifth Linguifex Relay/Tíogall|Tíogall]]'' by [[User:IlL|IlL]]
:*''[[Fifth Linguifex Relay/Windermere|Windermere]]'' by [[User:Praimhín|Praimhín]]
:*''[[Fifth Linguifex Relay/Dyrel|Dyrel]]'' by [[User:MarloweC|MarloweC]]
:*''[[Fifth Linguifex Relay/Kharrash|Kharrash]]'' by [[User:Araneus|Araneus]]
:*''[[Fifth Linguifex Relay/I Kronurum|I Kronurum]]'' by [[User:Nicolasstraccia|Nicolasstraccia]]
:*''[[Fifth Linguifex Relay/Siyayu Ürüküs|Siyayu Ürüküs]]'' by [[User:Chrysophylax|Chrysophylax]]
:*''[[Fifth Linguifex Relay/Rejistanian|Rejistanian]]'' by [[User:Rejis|Rejis]]
:*''[[Fifth Linguifex Relay/Idaltu|Idaltu]]'' by [[User:Uttrediay|Uttrediay]]
:*''[[Fifth Linguifex Relay/At'ants'as|At'ants'as]]'' by [[User:Sean4gold|Sean4gold]]
:*''[[Fifth Linguifex Relay/Nessanese|Nessanese]]'' by [[User:Ceige|Ceige]]
:*''[[Fifth Linguifex Relay/V|V]]'' by [[User:Prinsessa|Prinsessa]]
:*''[[Fifth Linguifex Relay/kʼmaʔ|kʼmaʔ]]'' by [[User:Zev|Zev]]
:*''[[Fifth Linguifex Relay/Tíogall (Retranslation)|Tíogall retranslated]]'' by [[User:IlL|IlL]]

The relay ran from May 22nd, 2017 until June 7th, 2017, and included 5 languages on the wiki (''[[Tíogall]]'', ''[[Windermere]]'', ''[[Dyrel]]'', ''[[I Kronurum]]'', and ''[[Rejistanian]]'').

==Original text==
<center>
{| border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" align="center"
! Original [[Tíogall]] !! IPA !! English </noinclude>
|- style="vertical-align: top;"
|<poem>
'''''Toħdádhéach'''''
''Toiréir Gruaid''

[...]

''Ós fusta liorna séiltigh snáibh''
''Forádhú ná dean bhfúinn’ lior sóibh,''
''Cuín éasraigh fuínn’ bhóg an ŋatéav,''
''Ímeann an cáidear –''
''Tsáŋód ri mbocaín rús dean traebh''
''Ag romhar féadar.''
</poem>
| <poem>
/tɔhdaːˈðeːx/
/tœɾiːl gɾyəd/

[...]

/ɵːs ˈfʊstə ˈʟɪlnə ˈsiːlti sneːv/
/ˈfɔɾaːðʉː naˈ dɛn vyːn ʟɪl søːv/
/kiːn ˈeːsɾi fyːn vɵːg ən ŋateːv/
/ˈiːmən ən ˈkeːdəl/
/tsaːˈŋɵːd ɾi ˈmɔkiːn ɾʉːs dɛn tɾeːv/
/əg ˈrɵːwəl ˈfeːdəl/
</poem>
|
<poem>
'''Warming Up to You'''
Toiréir Gruaid

[...]

Though I know you will wither as a corpse, [Or: Even when you have withered as a corpse]
I still gladly bask in your warmth, [Or: I would still bask in memories of your warmth]
For the same warmth nurtures curiosity,
The leaves of knowledge -
A garden that you have planted in this plot of land,
and forever will keep.
</poem>
|-
|}
</center>

==Windermere==
<center>
{| border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" align="center"
! [[Windermere]] !! IPA !! English </noinclude>
|- style="vertical-align: top;"
|<poem>
'''''Misithcuar'''''
''Toyril Grüed''

[...]

''Tuach yasnar nga łen hefrăchta mineab,
''rie łobănnea mis hălsieth łen,
''tsin nga sădoan hălsieth łocămșuth sa hălsăchemnar –
''sa imcnul sa hălsnar;
''sa tslües, mong łen tănnăret fe mis ceth snüe,
''te hef'ăloth șa-tăgoa.
</poem>
| <poem>
/mɪsɪθ'kuər/
/'tø:rɪl gry:d/

[...]

/tuəx jɐ'snar ŋɐ ɬe̞n he̞v̥rɘx'ta mɪ'niəp/
/ri: ɬo̞bɨn'niə mɪs hɘl'si:θ ɬe̞n/
/tsɪŋ ŋɐ sɘdo̞ən hɘl'si:θ ɬo̞kɨm'ʃuθ sɐ hɘlsɘxe̞m'nar/
/sɐ ʔɪmknul sɐ hɘl'snar/
/sɐ tsly:s mo̞ŋ ɬe̞n tɨnnɘ're̞t fe̞ mɪs ke̞θ sny:/
/te̞ he̞vʔɘ'lo̞θ ʃɐtɘ'go̞ə/
</poem>
| <poem>
'''Warming Up to You'''
Toiréir Gruaid

[...]

Even knowing that you will die in the end,
I bask in your warmth,
For the same warmth nurtures curiosity,
The leaves of knowledge -
A garden that you have planted in this plot of land,
and will keep forever.
</poem>
|-
|}
</center>

==Dyrel==
<center>
{| border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" align="center"
! [[Dyrel]] !! English </noinclude>
|- style="vertical-align: top;"
|<poem>
Doln Polvy
Doryl +rud
 
''Dovena veŕy veponada na suŕy sene adnar sirsuysarad
''Adyr venu suí eïalanar veympolvy
''Udemi era venuŕy losar eïponadasa dodolnsar
''Iroï ponadaí sodomyl
''Uvesonŕy na suŕy adyr era doma alsualanasar
''Lav na sene imormodan sirdoemeru.
</poem>
| <poem>
More Enjoyment
[dɵɹɪl gɹut]
 
Even though I know that you will die in the end
I so enjoy being in your warmth
Because this warmth increases desire to know
There are leaves of knowledge
A garden that you placed on this earth
And that forever remains
</poem>
|-
|}
</center>

==Kharrash==
<center>
{| border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" align="center"
! [[Kharrash]] !! IPA !! English </noinclude>
|- style="vertical-align: top;"
|<poem>
'''''zhok djayor
''Dorrilj Gorrot

''di hashe helj njarheng rok gadj ngikh
''di zhok djayor hazhad helj falh chalh
''heng falh zhid zhagh hashe djod.
''hashe chogh ghar shogh yang
''ljazh ezh helj tot heng yegh chalh
''hazhad zhod zhogh shogh gadj zhe.
</poem>
|<poem>
[ʒɤkʰ d͡ʒajɤr]
[dɤɹˀiʎ gɤɹˀɤtʰ]

[di haʃe heʎ ɲar̥eŋ rɤkʰ gad͡ʒ ŋiχ
di ʒɤkʰ d͡ʒajɤr haʒad heʎ h̪͆aɬ t͡ʃʰaɬ
heŋ h̪͆aɬ ʒid ʒaʁ haʃe d͡ʒɤd
haʃe t͡ʃʰɤʁ ʁar ʃɤʁ jaŋ
ʎaʒ eʒ heʎ tʰɤtʰ heŋ jeʁ t͡ʃʰaɬ
haʒad ʒɤd ʒɤʁ ʃɤʁ gad͡ʒ ʒe]
</poem>

|<poem>
Much enjoyment
Daryl Garrett

Though I know you die in the end
I much like staying in your fire
Because said fire makes me want to know.
Knowledge-leaves go to
(A) meadow you put in the world
And will stay for ages.
</poem>
|-
|}
</center>

==I Kronurum==
<center>
{| border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" align="center"
! [[I Kronurum]] !! IPA !! English </noinclude>
|- style="vertical-align: top;"
|<poem>
:''Alanni''

:''Náŕa angr nédor, nwo setr wonaftógwartan gar jóstosjet, arajur'' 
:''i-étŕirum ó þetren okrerumaftó alangur'' 
:''as ór okren nédor tró angr arajti ke·aleinåtrur ini,'' 
:''man nwo noraftó farkahirumaftó ór i-arajten nwo bréfeþrum jóhlásánur arajur'' 
:''man won wartaftó tróśenasig étrénu ini'' 

::::::::::::::::::''– Dogrili Gogrot''
</poem>
|<poem>
/ˈʔɑ.la.nːi/

/ˈnɑi̯.rɐ ˈʔɑŋ.gr̩ ˈnei̯.do̞ɾ | ˈnʷo̞ ˈse̞.tr̩ wo̞.naf.tu̹.ˈgʷɑɾ.tɐn ˈgɑɾ ju̹.ˈsto̞j.sje̞t | ˈʔɑ.ɾa.juɾ/
/ʔi.ˈei̯t.ri.ɾum ʔu̹ ˈθe̞.tɾe̞n ʔo̞.kɾɛ.ɾu.maf.ˈtu̹ ʔɑ.ˈlɑŋ.guɾ/
/ˈʔɑs ʔu̹ɾ ˈʔo̞.kɾe̞n ˈnei̯.do̞ɾ ˈtɾu̹ ˈʔɑŋ.gr̩ ˈʔɑ.ɾaj.ti ke̞.ʔɑ.ˈlei̯.nɑ.tɾuɾ ˈʔi.ni | /
/ˈmɑn ˈnʷo̞ nei̯.do̞.ɾaf.ˈtu̹ fɑɾ.ka.hi.ɾu.maf.ˈtu̹ ʔu̹ɾ ʔi.ˈʔɑ.ɾɐj.ten ˈnʷo̞ ˈb̥ɾei̯.fe̞.θɾum ju̹.ˈhlɑi̯.sai̯.nuɾ ˈʔɑ.ɾa.juɾ/
/ˈmɑn ˈwo̞n wɑɾ.tɐf.ˈtu̹ tɾu̜.ˈʃe̞.na.six ˈʔei̯.tɾei̯.nu ˈʔi.ni/

/ˈdo̞.ɣɾi.li ˈgo̞.ɣɾo̞t/
</poem>
| <poem>
Loving

Even though I know you'll be dead when it is the end
I love staying by your fire
Because this fire makes me want to know,
and I know that the leaves of knowledge will bloom in this world
and remain in time forever
</poem>
|-
|}
</center>

==Siyayu Ürüküs==
<center>
{| border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" align="center"
! [[Fifth Linguifex Relay/Siyayu Ürüküs|Siyayu Ürüküs]] !! English </noinclude>
|- style="vertical-align: top;"
|<poem>
'''''guyudu'''''
''Duguril Guyurus''

''Mirindi qar sume ge uyusdümür ge nuzunud''
''uyusdimidi subu buyunu qiduzum kurum kurum''
''eʒek subu dimiste uuds ćüggüsdüü''
''kurum sume ge ürgündi gayan zinisme müüzürüqüm ge nuzunud''
''utusdi duzume buunuqum kurum kurum''
</poem>
| <poem>
'''''Enjoy'''''
''Duguril Guyurus''

I know that in the end you shall die
Staying in your fire is always good to me
because this fire's (existence) makes me wish for wisdom
Again I know that in this world the leaves of knowing shall bloom
(and) they shall remain forever in time.
</poem>
|-

|}
</center>

==Rejistanian==
<center>
{| border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" align="center"
! [[Rejistanian]] !! English </noinclude>
|- style="vertical-align: top;"
|<poem>
'''''Sek'xen
''Duk~huril K~huyus

''Xe'ki ,xe'ki'ixunus il'han ut'jet, het.
''Xe'seve 'kelda ariv'het'ra sjiki ,ki'tan'mi mi'lija 'esinaxalvu xe'tes jilih'han, het.
''Xe'ki ,vesa'het'ny min'ki'meshi'idjenus xures tekne'het'ra, het.
''Ninak'het mi'kidhi ji min'ki'kelda sjiki.

</poem>
| <poem>
Let us enjoy
Duk~huril K~huyus

I know that I will die for you in the end.
I use, remaining in the fire, from here on so that its wisdom makes me yearn for this.
I know that leaves will likely bloom again in the world.
Time passes and I will remain forever.
</poem>
|-
|}
</center>

==Idaltu==
<center>
{| border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" align="center"
! [[Idaltu]] !! IPA !! English </noinclude>
|- style="vertical-align: top;"
|<poem>
'''''bajuljuceqebaja!
''Duɡuxi Guaijuz

''maxarirsumeqetedaqechulu
''njarqapemeqeshuxuhawnaxzamexzashuda
''majbanarsulapfachymnubxa
''qfekajeturgu manirshunuhilu

</poem>
|<poem>
'''''/bajuljuçeqebaja/
''/duɡuxi Guaijuz/

''/maxarirsumeqetedaqeχulu/
''/njarqapemeqeʃuxuhawnaxzamexzaʃuda/
''/majbanarsulapfaχymnubxa/
''/qfekajeturgu manirʃunuhilu/

</poem>
| <poem>
'''''May you(all) find joy!
''Duɡuxi Guaijuz

''I know that I will die for you in the end.
''I'm in the habit of maintaining that it is wise to desire it.
''I know that the leaves will spring out again in the world.
''Time goes on and on. It will remain forever.

</poem>
|-
|}
</center>

==At'ants'as==
<center>
{| border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" align="center"
! [[At'ants'as]] !! English </noinclude>
|- style="vertical-align: top;"
|
''Mes msomi ak'alwoym hewop'ami.'' 
''At'ay plohu mes a-posi morhes,'' 
''Nur pnetewi msom hets'oymi.'' 
''Nu atsʼanohi,'' 
''Ye at'elosh hs-wot pesti ap'oymt,'' 
''Nu hoyu-nur hots'atis hoyi,'' 
''A-hte hsi at'awosi.'' 
'''''Ulopyat'omtrosk'''''
| <poem>
I want me and you to find joy.
And even though we both will die in the end (of my) beloved,
I still want us to exist this way.
And I know,
that the leaves will spring in the world again,
and the time will still go,
this feeling will always remain.
~The wolf tamer
</poem>
|-
|}
</center>

==Nessanese==
<center>
{| border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" align="center"
! [[Nessanese]] !! English </noinclude>
|- style="vertical-align: top;"
|<poem>
''Ηθάσπη παινἐνόναση πας χυίλλη ἑνόυση καιπή,
''πάχα ύδεςμαι αθάσση.

''Λαι βαζήα: ἱναι, πάζι ιντυκόσον θαλόςκαι δαώνι,
''λαι παςμα παιλώ ήια λαι βυλόνι λαι θαυίσι
''– ἱα μαζήυα πασθαδάς.

'''''– ναι Παιναζόυθαι Άωβύαἰ, Υλόψα θόυρροξ'''
</poem>
|<poem>
''I want to make us happy like I had us happy in past,
''nevertheless we will later die.

''And understand: that where the fallowlands will be made green with sprouting leaves,
''and like the days and months and years go:
''that breath as in ancient times.

''- by Tamer of Wild-dogs, Ylopsa Thurrhox''
</poem>
|-
|}
</center>

==V==
<center>
{| border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" align="center"
! [[V]] !! English </noinclude>
|- style="vertical-align: top;"
|<poem>
''imou uqqu uigaisuq, you yuqŋeis,
''yuu qou taagaisua.
''nu ei iyũi: ou meedau haaḥısmuq, haada qou ṭou,
''ou quuvuq vandavi qeenayu quunayu;
''unau nuuhausuq.

— sıtousasuhhus, pau hıquuḍahuq
</poem>
| <poem>

</poem>
| <poem>
''May we, who were once content/grateful, be content/grateful again,
''even though we'll eventually die.
''And consider/understand this: the one in the barren soil where leaves will grow,
''the one who moves by like the day and the night and the passing of time;
''that's the spirit of old.

— Tousasuhhus, tamer of dogs
</poem>
|-
|}
</center>

==k’maʔ==
<center>
{| border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" align="center"
! k’maʔ !! English </noinclude>
|- style="vertical-align: top;"
|<poem>
''pʼtáɓ mut ɾikʼ ʔɗupʼ kʼmoʔ pʼtáɓs ʔɗuʔpʼ,
''ŋaʔ kʼmoʔ pʼtáɓ ʔʃúʔ.
''ʔaʔntʃʼ tʼíʔ pʼtsʼuʔ kʼámiɓw pʼkʼuʔl ɓjáŋ
''ɓɾóh ʔkʼoŋ ʔɗuts ʔŋáʔ júɓ mɓál ŋ̍ʔ nɗikʼ ŋ̍ʔ táɓ nɗuts.

— towsaʔsuhus, pwáʔ ʔtʼuʔiɓw
</poem>
| <poem>
''When a person gives thanks, again should he give thanks
''Though he may one day die.
''He may think that on the barren soil there grow leaves.
''The old souls pass by like the sun shines and sets and time passes.

— towsaʔsuhus, the tame dog
</poem>
|-
|}
</center>

==Retranslated text==
<center>
{| border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" align="center"
! [[Tíogall]] retranslated !! IPA !! English </noinclude>
|- style="vertical-align: top;"
|<poem>
''Ar sŋímeachadh ag moileadh fígin, aonúr hú tiortar ag tiortar!''
''Asaiŋŋt asŋataigh hú cré chiamh,''
''Ach aru le tnáigh bhfá mar le taimhear gil bólaí máslaeŋa le sonaiŋŋt.''
''Cuín arfásaigh an Saichte gúine; ''
''Réisí réanmataigh ag blóstaigh hú, ag réisí h-oithitigh an rách.''

''— Tomhsásuħus, Lisnóiŋeadh na Saoibh''
</poem>
|<poem>
/al ˈsŋiːməxəθ əg ˈmœʟəθ ˈfiːdʒiːn, ˈɵːnʉːl hʉː ˈtɪltəl əg ˈtɪltəl/
/ˈasɨŋt ˈasŋətɨ hʉː kɾeː ʃiəw/
/ax ˈaɾʊ ʀə ˈtnɛːj vaː mal ʀə ˈtɛwəl gɪʟ boʟiː ˈmaːsʀeːŋə ʀə ˈsɔnɨŋt/
/kiːn ˈalfaːsɨ ə ˈsɛxtə ˈgyːnə/
/ˈɾiːsiː ˈɾeːnmətɨ əg ˈbʀɵːstɨ hʉː əg ˈɾiːsiː ˈhœθɨtɨ ə ˈɾaːx/

/tɵːsaːsʊˈhʊs, ˈʀɪsnøːŋəθ nə ˈsøːv/
</poem>
|<poem>
When a man gives praise and thanks, let him do so repeatedly!
Die he will one day,
but he must have faith that leaves can sprout from barren soil.
For the spirit-complex is ever actively present,
so long as it dawns and dusks, and so long as time passes.

— towsaʔsuhus, Tamer of Dogs
</poem>

[[Category:Relays]][[Category:Linguifex relays]]
{{archive}}

Fifth Linguifex Relay

2017-06-07T09:10:43Z

Uttrediay:

{{Relay_navigation_sidebar}}
The '''Fifth Linguifex Relay''' was a conlang relay, a game of conlingual telephone, on Linguifex. The relay text was written in [[Tíogall]] by the relaymaster [[User:IlL|IlL]]. The text passed through eleven translations before being retranslated into Tíogall.

==Texts==
The original text was provided by [[User:IlL|IlL]] in his [[Tíogall]] language. The text is a love poem written by a (Tíogall equivalent of a) high school girl, for posting on a fanfiction website to represent her shipping of an original character, Toiréir Gruaid, with the charismatic male scientist character Stearras Nátsa from the TV show ___. The poem uses the [[w:Burns stanza|Burns stanza]], which is more common in Tíogall poetry than in English poetry.

:''''' Toħdádhéach ''''' - Warming Up to You
:*''[[Fifth Linguifex Relay/Tíogall|Tíogall]]''
:*''[[Fifth Linguifex Relay/Windermere|Windermere]]''
:*''[[Fifth Linguifex Relay/Dyrel|Dyrel]]''
:*''[[Fifth Linguifex Relay/Kharrash|Kharrash]]''
:*''[[Fifth Linguifex Relay/I Kronurum|I Kronurum]]''
:*''[[Fifth Linguifex Relay/Siyayu Ürüküs|Siyayu Ürüküs]]''
:*''[[Fifth Linguifex Relay/Rejistanian|Rejistanian]]''
:*''[[Fifth Linguifex Relay/Idaltu|Idaltu]]''
:*''[[Fifth Linguifex Relay/At'ants'as|At'ants'as]]''
:*''[[Fifth Linguifex Relay/Nessanese|Nessanese]]''
:*''[[Fifth Linguifex Relay/V|V]]''
:*''[[Fifth Linguifex Relay/kʼmaʔ|kʼmaʔ]]''
:*''[[Fifth Linguifex Relay/Tíogall (Retranslation)|Tíogall retranslated]]''

The relay ran from May 22nd, 2017 until June 7th, 2017, and included 5 languages on the wiki (''[[Tíogall]]'', ''[[Windermere]]'', ''[[Dyrel]]'', ''[[I Kronurum]]'', and ''[[Rejistanian]]'').

==Original text==
<center>
{| border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" align="center"
! Original [[Tíogall]] !! IPA !! English </noinclude>
|- style="vertical-align: top;"
|<poem>
'''''Toħdádhéach'''''
''Toiréir Gruaid''

[...]

''Ós fusta liorna séiltigh snáibh''
''Forádhú ná dean bhfúinn’ lior sóibh,''
''Cuín éasraigh fuínn’ bhóg an ŋatéav,''
''Ímeann an cáidear –''
''Tsáŋód ri mbocaín rús dean traebh''
''Ag romhar féadar.''
</poem>
| <poem>
/tɔhdaːˈðeːx/
/tœɾiːl gɾyəd/

[...]

/ɵːs ˈfʊstə ˈʟɪlnə ˈsiːlti sneːv/
/ˈfɔɾaːðʉː naˈ dɛn vyːn ʟɪl søːv/
/kiːn ˈeːsɾi fyːn vɵːg ən ŋateːv/
/ˈiːmən ən ˈkeːdəl/
/tsaːˈŋɵːd ɾi ˈmɔkiːn ɾʉːs dɛn tɾeːv/
/əg ˈrɵːwəl ˈfeːdəl/
</poem>
|
<poem>
'''Warming Up to You'''
Toiréir Gruaid

[...]

Though I know you will wither as a corpse, [Or: Even when you have withered as a corpse]
I still gladly bask in your warmth, [Or: I would still bask in memories of your warmth]
For the same warmth nurtures curiosity,
The leaves of knowledge -
A garden that you have planted in this plot of land,
and forever will keep.
</poem>
|-
|}
</center>

==Windermere==
<center>
{| border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" align="center"
! [[Windermere]] !! IPA !! English </noinclude>
|- style="vertical-align: top;"
|<poem>
'''''Misithcuar'''''
''Toyril Grüed''

[...]

''Tuach yasnar nga łen hefrăchta mineab,
''rie łobănnea mis hălsieth łen,
''tsin nga sădoan hălsieth łocămșuth sa hălsăchemnar –
''sa imcnul sa hălsnar;
''sa tslües, mong łen tănnăret fe mis ceth snüe,
''te hef'ăloth șa-tăgoa.
</poem>
| <poem>
/mɪsɪθ'kuər/
/'tø:rɪl gry:d/

[...]

/tuəx jɐ'snar ŋɐ ɬe̞n he̞v̥rɘx'ta mɪ'niəp/
/ri: ɬo̞bɨn'niə mɪs hɘl'si:θ ɬe̞n/
/tsɪŋ ŋɐ sɘdo̞ən hɘl'si:θ ɬo̞kɨm'ʃuθ sɐ hɘlsɘxe̞m'nar/
/sɐ ʔɪmknul sɐ hɘl'snar/
/sɐ tsly:s mo̞ŋ ɬe̞n tɨnnɘ're̞t fe̞ mɪs ke̞θ sny:/
/te̞ he̞vʔɘ'lo̞θ ʃɐtɘ'go̞ə/
</poem>
| <poem>
'''Warming Up to You'''
Toiréir Gruaid

[...]

Even knowing that you will die in the end,
I bask in your warmth,
For the same warmth nurtures curiosity,
The leaves of knowledge -
A garden that you have planted in this plot of land,
and will keep forever.
</poem>
|-
|}
</center>

==Dyrel==
<center>
{| border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" align="center"
! [[Dyrel]] !! English </noinclude>
|- style="vertical-align: top;"
|<poem>
Doln Polvy
Doryl +rud
 
''Dovena veŕy veponada na suŕy sene adnar sirsuysarad
''Adyr venu suí eïalanar veympolvy
''Udemi era venuŕy losar eïponadasa dodolnsar
''Iroï ponadaí sodomyl
''Uvesonŕy na suŕy adyr era doma alsualanasar
''Lav na sene imormodan sirdoemeru.
</poem>
| <poem>
More Enjoyment
[dɵɹɪl gɹut]
 
Even though I know that you will die in the end
I so enjoy being in your warmth
Because this warmth increases desire to know
There are leaves of knowledge
A garden that you placed on this earth
And that forever remains
</poem>
|-
|}
</center>

==Kharrash==
<center>
{| border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" align="center"
! [[Kharrash]] !! IPA !! English </noinclude>
|- style="vertical-align: top;"
|<poem>
'''''zhok djayor
''Dorrilj Gorrot

''di hashe helj njarheng rok gadj ngikh
''di zhok djayor hazhad helj falh chalh
''heng falh zhid zhagh hashe djod.
''hashe chogh ghar shogh yang
''ljazh ezh helj tot heng yegh chalh
''hazhad zhod zhogh shogh gadj zhe.
</poem>
|<poem>
[ʒɤkʰ d͡ʒajɤr]
[dɤɹˀiʎ gɤɹˀɤtʰ]

[di haʃe heʎ ɲar̥eŋ rɤkʰ gad͡ʒ ŋiχ
di ʒɤkʰ d͡ʒajɤr haʒad heʎ h̪͆aɬ t͡ʃʰaɬ
heŋ h̪͆aɬ ʒid ʒaʁ haʃe d͡ʒɤd
haʃe t͡ʃʰɤʁ ʁar ʃɤʁ jaŋ
ʎaʒ eʒ heʎ tʰɤtʰ heŋ jeʁ t͡ʃʰaɬ
haʒad ʒɤd ʒɤʁ ʃɤʁ gad͡ʒ ʒe]
</poem>

|<poem>
Much enjoyment
Daryl Garrett

Though I know you die in the end
I much like staying in your fire
Because said fire makes me want to know.
Knowledge-leaves go to
(A) meadow you put in the world
And will stay for ages.
</poem>
|-
|}
</center>

==I Kronurum==
<center>
{| border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" align="center"
! [[I Kronurum]] !! IPA !! English </noinclude>
|- style="vertical-align: top;"
|<poem>
:''Alanni''

:''Náŕa angr nédor, nwo setr wonaftógwartan gar jóstosjet, arajur'' 
:''i-étŕirum ó þetren okrerumaftó alangur'' 
:''as ór okren nédor tró angr arajti ke·aleinåtrur ini,'' 
:''man nwo noraftó farkahirumaftó ór i-arajten nwo bréfeþrum jóhlásánur arajur'' 
:''man won wartaftó tróśenasig étrénu ini'' 

::::::::::::::::::''– Dogrili Gogrot''
</poem>
|<poem>
/ˈʔɑ.la.nːi/

/ˈnɑi̯.rɐ ˈʔɑŋ.gr̩ ˈnei̯.do̞ɾ | ˈnʷo̞ ˈse̞.tr̩ wo̞.naf.tu̹.ˈgʷɑɾ.tɐn ˈgɑɾ ju̹.ˈsto̞j.sje̞t | ˈʔɑ.ɾa.juɾ/
/ʔi.ˈei̯t.ri.ɾum ʔu̹ ˈθe̞.tɾe̞n ʔo̞.kɾɛ.ɾu.maf.ˈtu̹ ʔɑ.ˈlɑŋ.guɾ/
/ˈʔɑs ʔu̹ɾ ˈʔo̞.kɾe̞n ˈnei̯.do̞ɾ ˈtɾu̹ ˈʔɑŋ.gr̩ ˈʔɑ.ɾaj.ti ke̞.ʔɑ.ˈlei̯.nɑ.tɾuɾ ˈʔi.ni | /
/ˈmɑn ˈnʷo̞ nei̯.do̞.ɾaf.ˈtu̹ fɑɾ.ka.hi.ɾu.maf.ˈtu̹ ʔu̹ɾ ʔi.ˈʔɑ.ɾɐj.ten ˈnʷo̞ ˈb̥ɾei̯.fe̞.θɾum ju̹.ˈhlɑi̯.sai̯.nuɾ ˈʔɑ.ɾa.juɾ/
/ˈmɑn ˈwo̞n wɑɾ.tɐf.ˈtu̹ tɾu̜.ˈʃe̞.na.six ˈʔei̯.tɾei̯.nu ˈʔi.ni/

/ˈdo̞.ɣɾi.li ˈgo̞.ɣɾo̞t/
</poem>
| <poem>
Loving

Even though I know you'll be dead when it is the end
I love staying by your fire
Because this fire makes me want to know,
and I know that the leaves of knowledge will bloom in this world
and remain in time forever
</poem>
|-
|}
</center>

==Siyayu Ürüküs==
<center>
{| border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" align="center"
! [[Siyayu Ürüküs]] !! English </noinclude>
|- style="vertical-align: top;"
|<poem>
'''''guyudu
''Duguril Guyurus

''Mirindi qar sume ge uyusdümür ge nuzunud
''uyusdimidi subu buyunu qiduzum kurum kurum
''eʒek subu dimiste uuds ćüggüsdüü
''kurum sume ge ürgündi gayan zinisme müüzürüqüm ge nuzunud
''utusdi duzume buunuqum kurum kurum
</poem>
| <poem>

</poem>
|-
|}
</center>

==Rejistanian==
<center>
{| border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" align="center"
! [[Rejistanian]] !! English </noinclude>
|- style="vertical-align: top;"
|<poem>
'''''Sek'xen
''Duk~huril K~huyus

''Xe'ki ,xe'ki'ixunus il'han ut'jet, het.
''Xe'seve 'kelda ariv'het'ra sjiki ,ki'tan'mi mi'lija 'esinaxalvu xe'tes jilih'han, het.
''Xe'ki ,vesa'het'ny min'ki'meshi'idjenus xures tekne'het'ra, het.
''Ninak'het mi'kidhi ji min'ki'kelda sjiki.

</poem>
| <poem>
Let us enjoy

I know that I will die for you in the end.
I use, remaining in the fire, from here on so that its wisdom makes me yearn for this.
I know that leaves will likely bloom again in the world.
Time passes and I will remain forever.
</poem>
|-
|}
</center>

==Idaltu==
<center>
{| border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" align="center"
! [[Idaltu]] !! IPA !! English </noinclude>
|- style="vertical-align: top;"
|<poem>
'''''bajuljuceqebaja!
''Duɡuxi Guaijuz

''maxarirsumeqetedaqechulu
''njarqapemeqeshuxuhawnaxzamexzashuda
''majbanarsulapfachymnubxa
''qfekajeturgu manirshunuhilu

</poem>
|<poem>
'''''/bajuljuçeqebaja/
''/duɡuxi Guaijuz/

''/maxarirsumeqetedaqeχulu/
''/njarqapemeqeʃuxuhawnaxzamexzaʃuda/
''/majbanarsulapfaχymnubxa/
''/qfekajeturgu manirʃunuhilu/

</poem>
| <poem>
'''''May you(all) find joy!
''Duɡuxi Guaijuz

''I know that I will die for you in the end.
''I use to maintain that it is wise to desire it.
''I know that the leaves will spring out again in the world.
''Time goes on and on. It will remain forever.

</poem>
|-
|}
</center>

==At'ants'as==
<center>
{| border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" align="center"
! [[At'ants'as]] !! English </noinclude>
|- style="vertical-align: top;"
|
''Mes msomi ak'alwoym hewop'ami.'' 
''At'ay plohu mes a-posi morhes,'' 
''Nur pnetewi msom hets'oymi.'' 
''Nu atsʼanohi,'' 
''Ye at'elosh hs-wot pesti ap'oymt,'' 
''Nu hoyu-nur hots'atis hoyi,'' 
''A-hte hsi at'awosi.'' 
'''''Ulopyat'omtrosk'''''
| <poem>
</poem>
|-
|}
</center>

==Nessanese==
<center>
{| border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" align="center"
! [[Nessanese]] !! English </noinclude>
|- style="vertical-align: top;"
|<poem>
''Ηθάσπη παινἐνόναση πας χυίλλη ἑνόυση καιπή,
''πάχα ύδεςμαι αθάσση.

''Λαι βαζήα: ἱναι, πάζι ιντυκόσον θαλόςκαι δαώνι,
''λαι παςμα παιλώ ήια λαι βυλόνι λαι θαυίσι
''– ἱα μαζήυα πασθαδάς.

'''''– ναι Παιναζόυθαι Άωβύαἰ, Υλόψα θόυρροξ'''
</poem>
|<poem>
''I want to make us happy like I had us happy in past,
''nevertheless we will later die.

''And understand: that where the fallowlands will be made green with sprouting leaves,
''and like the days and months and years go:
''that breath as in ancient times.

''- by Tamer of Wild-dogs, Ylopsa Thurrhox''
</poem>
|-
|}
</center>

==V==
<center>
{| border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" align="center"
! [[V]] !! English </noinclude>
|- style="vertical-align: top;"
|<poem>
''imou uqqu uigaisuq, you yuqŋeis,
''yuu qou taagaisua.
''nu ei iyũi: ou meedau haaḥısmuq, haada qou ṭou,
''ou quuvuq vandavi qeenayu quunayu;
''unau nuuhausuq.

— sıtousasuhhus, pau hıquuḍahuq
</poem>
| <poem>

</poem>
| <poem>
''May we, who once were content/grateful, be content/grateful again,
''even though we'll eventually die.
''And consider/understand this: the one in the barren soil where leaves will grow,
''the one who moves by like the day and the night and the passing of time;
''that's the spirit of old.

— Tousasuhhus, tamer of dogs
</poem>
|-
|}
</center>

==k’maʔ==
<center>
{| border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" align="center"
! [[k’maʔ]] !! English </noinclude>
|- style="vertical-align: top;"
|<poem>
''pʼtáɓ mut ɾikʼ ʔɗupʼ kʼmoʔ pʼtáɓs ʔɗuʔpʼ,
''ŋaʔ kʼmoʔ pʼtáɓ ʔʃúʔ.
''ʔaʔntʃʼ tʼíʔ pʼtsʼuʔ kʼámiɓw pʼkʼuʔl ɓjáŋ
''ɓɾóh ʔkʼoŋ ʔɗuts ʔŋáʔ júɓ mɓál ŋ̍ʔ nɗikʼ ŋ̍ʔ táɓ nɗuts.

— towsaʔsuhus, pwáʔ ʔtʼuʔiɓw
</poem>
| <poem>

</poem>
|-
|}
</center>

==Retranslated text==
<center>
{| border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" align="center"
! [[Tíogall]] retranslated !! IPA !! English </noinclude>
|- style="vertical-align: top;"
|<poem>
''Ar sŋímeachadh ag moileadh fígin, aonúr hú tiortar ag tiortar!''
''Asaiŋŋt asŋataigh hú cré chiamh,''
''Ach aru le tnáigh bhfá mar le taimhear gil bólaí máslaeŋa le sonaiŋŋt.''
''Cuín arfásaigh an Saichte gúine; ''
''Réisí réanmataigh ag blóstaigh hú, ag réisí h-oithitigh an rách.''

''— Tomhsásuħus, Lisnóiŋeadh na Saoibh''
</poem>
|<poem>
/al ˈsŋiːməxəθ əg ˈmœʟəθ ˈfiːdʒiːn, ˈɵːnʉːl hʉː ˈtɪltəl əg ˈtɪltəl/
/ˈasɨŋt ˈasŋətɨ hʉː kɾeː ʃiəw/
/ax ˈaɾʊ ʀə ˈtnɛːj vaː mal ʀə ˈtɛwəl gɪʟ boʟiː ˈmaːsʀeːŋə ʀə ˈsɔnɨŋt/
/kiːn ˈalfaːsɨ ə ˈsɛxtə ˈgyːnə/
/ˈɾiːsiː ˈɾeːnmətɨ əg ˈbʀɵːstɨ hʉː əg ˈɾiːsiː ˈhœθɨtɨ ə ˈɾaːx/

/tɵːsaːsʊˈhʊs, ˈʀɪsnøːŋəθ nə ˈsøːv/
</poem>
|<poem>
When a man gives praise and thanks, let him do so repeatedly!
Die he will one day,
but he must have faith that leaves can sprout from barren soil.
For the spirit-complex is ever actively present,
so long as it dawns and dusks, and so long as time passes.

— towsaʔsuhus, Tamer of Dogs
</poem>

[[Category:Relays]][[Category:Linguifex relays]]
{{archive}}

Fifth Linguifex Relay/Idaltu

2017-06-01T10:04:16Z

Uttrediay:

== Text in Idaltu ==

'''bajuljuceqebaja!'''

maxarirsumeqetedaqechulu
 njarqapemeqeshuxuhawnaxzamexzashuda
 majbanarsulapfachymnubxa
 qfekajeturgu manirshunuhilu
 
 
Duɡuxi Guaijuz

== Some grammar notes ==

Idaltu is designed to be a non-recursive language. It has been theorised that recursion is the only feature of language unique to humans (Hauser, M., Chomsky, N. & Fitch, W. T. 2002. The Language Faculty: What is it, who has it, and how did it evolve? Science, 298, 1569-1579), which I interpret to mean that it was the last major innovation of human speech before we reached the condition we have today, a modern, flexible language with full freedom of expression. Recursion probably is hard-wired in us, because it is a reasonable guess that features that are universal or near universal in human language (or human characteristics in general) are hard-wired. Many of the other universals (or near-universals) that do not depend on recursion are present in Idaltu. However, it does not, by definition, have statements and clauses like normal human language. Instead, I will refer to them as calls. They are more structured than usual animal calls, and the structural elements are similar to the ones of modern language, thus I will mostly use commonplace terminology when referring to them. Each call has this structure:

<aspect>-VERB-<tense>-<mood>-<evidentiality>-<subject>-<voice>-<object>-<other arguments>, where only the VERB is mandatory.

Which looks pretty commonplace for a polysynthetic language at first glance. In my model of language history the languages were polysynthetic at first when they reached the recursive stage, and have been evolving towards more analytic structures since, though not necessarily in a linear fashion.

In place of a complex syntax, Idaltu has complex semantics. The things we can say just by adjusting the syntax a little, or a lot – in principle there's no limit – Idaltu has to invent new words for. It has been suggested (http://www.sciencemag.org/content/332/6027/346.abstract) that there is a correlation between the size of a language's phoneme inventory and its geographical distance from the site of the origin of the human species. This indicates that pre-human language had rich phoneme inventories, which is an advantage if you need such a large vocabulary. But the evolution of logical structures like the above probably reduced the need for huge inventories a bit, as before them you had to invent new words for each logical distinction. The phonetic ability of humans probably evolved to its full extent before this logical structure evolved. Then the need for it declined, and modern languages get by with just a small fraction of the sounds that it's actually possible for us to make. For Idaltu, I propose a comparatively rich inventory, which I will represent by the reasonably close Latin letters and digraphs to save me from too much work. I'm not a natural IPA typist.

Each of the subject, object or other arguments above are nominal items. They are declined for singular, dual and plural number and for a large number of cases. Pronouns are not in principle different from other nouns and work in the same way. Since the nominal arguments are marked, they can switch places for emphasis. The scheme above is the neutral one. All nouns as well as verbs have theme vowels, and attribute markers can be inserted between them and the roots. The structure of a nominal argument is as follows:

NOUN-<attribute>-<theme>-<number>-<case>, where only the NOUN is mandatory.

There is a large number of verbal aspects, plenty of moods and a number of voices, but only 3 tenses, past, present and future.

For the vocabulary below I have used Bengtson's and Ruhlen's 27 Proto-World reconstructions (http://www.jdbengt.net/articles/Global.pdf) as my main inspiration. Not because I believe they have reached an accurate description of what language was like before it started to diverge, but because I like them and think they are a nice starting point for this experiment. I think however that the freedom of word invention, which amounts to the starting point for divergence, was evolved long before the invention of recursion, so Proto-World belongs to a much earlier stage than Idaltu. But the 27 of B & R have a moderately rich phoneme inventory which is suitable for my purpose. Sergei Starostin's online database (http://starling.rinet.ru/cgi-bin/query.cgi?root=config&morpho=0&basename=\data\eura\globet) has been useful for the rest.

Idaltu is currently rather experimental and so far I have done away with all verbal and nominal class distinctions. But I can foresee that something will crystallise out of the theme vowel system if I ever have time to work further on it.

As for pronunciation, the letters have their IPA values, except c = /ç/, ch = /χ/, sh = /ʃ/ and ng = /ŋ/.

== Vocabulary ==

akud (a) last
 arj (a) wild
 awyasi (v) be
 baja (n) joy
 baju (v) find
 bana (v) bloom, spring out
 bau (interj.) dog’s bark
 bawa (v) bark
 bele (v) fear
 beng (n) news
 buqi (n) wildness, madness
 ce (pron) 2p
 cheha (n) hunger
 chuk (a) strange, bent, crooked
 chym (n) land
 chymnu (n) world
 dagu (v) show
 diru (n) tree
 dawa (n) day
 efal (a) many
 faxe (v) break
 faza (n) pot
 Federfann (n) personal name
 gar (v) bring
 hafa (v) kick
 hala (n) food
 hamnetu (n) journey
 hantu (n) front
 haqe (v) see
 hara (v) trade, exchange, switch
 harahamnetu (n) trading journey
 haramano (n) merchant
 hawa (n) river
 hawna (n) desire
 heri (v) destroy
 hiwkul (n) gold (yellow stone)
 hule (v) eat
 hurxura (n) wagon
 huxu (n) brother
 hwy (v) love
 Idaltu (n) place name
 jen (v) speak
 kaje (v) go
 kame (v) grasp
 kamo (n) family, parents
 kanu (v) tie
 katse (v) hold, keep
 kocha (n) basket
 kole (v) fall
 kolu (n) fall
 koza (n) house
 kuna (n) woman
 kurku (n) cage
 kwano (n) male dog
 lapu (n) leaf
 laxa (v) loosen
 loqi (v) jump
 makaq (n) word
 makaqware (n) story
 mako (n) boy
 mani (v) stay, remain
 mano (n) man
 mari (v) walk
 Marwalla (n) place name
 maxari (v) die
 me (pron) 1s
 miro (n) ruler, king
 mora (n) mare, female horse
 nawahi (v) wait, expect
 nguki (v) be shocked, surprised
 nuhi (n) indefinite time
 oh (interj.) surprise
 p (a) near, proximate
 pajar (n) princess
 para (n) edge, side, shore
 purch (v) beg
 qabaw (v) weave
 qape (v) hold on to, maintain
 qaich (n) animal
 qarto (n) knot
 qazu (n) piece
 qechu (n) end
 qiru (n) door
 qudu (n) inside
 qurduni (v) be insufficient
 quxa (v) look, look for
 sayam (n) grass
 Sento (n) personal name
 sha (pron) 3s, fem.
 Shambara (n) place name
 shi (pron) 3s, neut.
 Shinnerell (n) personal name
 sho (pron) 3s, masc.
 shu (pron) 3s, inanim.
 shule (v) liberate, get free
 shulu (n) freedom
 shuxu (n) wisdom
 siha (n) fight
 sihte (v) fight
 sto (pron) 3p
 tano (v) pull, draw
 tanxane (v) harness (a draft animal) to something
 te (pron) 2s
 tinu (v) sit
 tuku (v) show, display
 turgu (n) walk, time
 tyak (v) steal
 wiltengu (v) not will
 ware (n) rope
 weda (v) hit
 wola (n) greatness, bigness, muchness
 wæri (v) make, prepare
 xogu (v) be hurt, feel bad
 xur (a) young
 za (pron) demonstrative
 zahe (v) put, set
 zeqe (v) run
 zuhe (v) appear, turn up

== Formants ==

- (null) unmarked: present tense, indicative mood, active voice, punctual-stative aspect, singular number, absolutive case
 a (a) progressive - emphasising progress in action
 ad (t) past
 ara (a) contrary - indicating contrariness to the previous statement
 bxa (c) locative - indicates place
 da (c) benefactive - what an action is done for the benefit of
 dbe (m) jussive - indicates an order
 de (m) optative - indicates wish or hope
 dxa (c) dative - marks indirect object
 esmu (a) simultaeous - indicates simultaneous action
 etse (a) terminative - marks finalising action
 fa (n) plural
 hi (c) allative - indicates movement towards
 hnu (a) intensive - intensifying the action
 iqe (a) inceptive - marks start of action
 iqne (a) inchoative - marks start of state change
 jo (t) past
 kaja (v) potential - marks ability to do the verb
 kla (c) circumferential (around, about)
 lju (m) desiderative - indicates wish
 lu (c) instrumental - means, manner (adverbial) or time
 maj (a) resumptive - marks resumed action
 mi (m) conditional - verb states a condition for another actio
 mne (a) iterative - marks repetition
 na (nom) active participle
 ngme (c) ablative - movement or action away from, out of
 ngo (v) middle - allows the subject of a transitive action to be marked other than by the ergative, for example to act upon itself.
 njar (a) habitual - marks habit
 ptu (m) speculative - marks speculative statement
 pu (c) adessive - marks adjacent location
 qe (c) ergative - marks the subject in a transitive action
 qfe (a) protractive - marks action that goes on and on
 qqa (c) superessive - marks location on top of something
 r (t) future
 she (a) continuous - marks continued action
 so (c) illative - movement into
 su (m) declarative mood - indicates more emphasis than the indicative mood but less than the energetic mood
 tli (c) prosecutive - movement along, across
 ur (t) future
 wke (e) quotative - marks a statement that the subject has been told
 xa (c) comitative - marks accompaniment, togetherness
 xza (c) genitive - possession
 yatin (a) episodic - marks a particular episode
 yne (e) reportative - marks the reporting of unwitnessed events
 za (c) translative - marks turning from one state to another
 zfe (c) pertingent - marks something that touches another thing
 æki (a) delimitative - indicates finite extent

== Abbreviations ==

1S - 1st person singular
 2P - 2nd person plural
 2S - 2nd person singular
 3S - 3rd person singular
 a - aspect, or attribute
 BENE - benefactive
 c - case
 DECL - declarative
 DES - desiderative
 e - evidentiality
 ERG - ergative
 FUT - future
 GEN - genitive
 HAB - habitual
 INST - instrumental
 LOC - locative
 m - mood
 n - number, or noun
 nom - nominaliser
 PL - plural
 PROT - protractive
 RES - resumptive
 t - tense
 v - verb, or voice

== Interlinear ==

bajuljuceqebaja
 find-DES-2P-ERG-joy

maxarirsumeqetedaqechulu
 die-FUT-DECL-1S-ERG-2S-BENE-end-INST

njarqapemeqeshuxuhawnaxzamexzashuda
 HAB-maintain-1S-ERG-wisdom-desire-GEN-1S-GEN-3S-BENE

majbanarsulapfachymnubxa
 RES-spring_out-FUT-DECL-leaf-PL-world-LOC

qfekajeturgu
 PROT-go-time

manirshunuhilu
 remain-FUT-3S-indefinite_time-INST

Duɡuxi Guaijuz
 personal name

Happy translating!

Fifth Linguifex Relay/Idaltu

2017-06-01T10:03:37Z

Uttrediay:

== Text in Idaltu ==

'''bajuljuceqebaja!'''

maxarirsumeqetedaqechulu
 njarqapemeqeshuxuhawnaxzamexzashuda
 majbanarsulapfachymnubxa
 qfekajeturgu manirshunuhilu
 
 
Duɡuxi Guaijuz

== Some grammar notes ==

Idaltu is designed to be a non-recursive language. It has been theorised that recursion is the only feature of language unique to humans (Hauser, M., Chomsky, N. & Fitch, W. T. 2002. The Language Faculty: What is it, who has it, and how did it evolve? Science, 298, 1569-1579), which I interpret to mean that it was the last major innovation of human speech before we reached the condition we have today, a modern, flexible language with full freedom of expression. Recursion probably is hard-wired in us, because it is a reasonable guess that features that are universal or near universal in human language (or human characteristics in general) are hard-wired. Many of the other universals (or near-universals) that do not depend on recursion are present in Idaltu. However, it does not, by definition, have statements and clauses like normal human language. Instead, I will refer to them as calls. They are more structured than usual animal calls, and the structural elements are similar to the ones of modern language, thus I will mostly use commonplace terminology when referring to them. Each call has this structure:

<aspect>-VERB-<tense>-<mood>-<evidentiality>-<subject>-<voice>-<object>-<other arguments>, where only the VERB is mandatory.

Which looks pretty commonplace for a polysynthetic language at first glance. In my model of language history the languages were polysynthetic at first when they reached the recursive stage, and have been evolving towards more analytic structures since, though not necessarily in a linear fashion.

In place of a complex syntax, Idaltu has complex semantics. The things we can say just by adjusting the syntax a little, or a lot – in principle there's no limit – Idaltu has to invent new words for. It has been suggested (http://www.sciencemag.org/content/332/6027/346.abstract) that there is a correlation between the size of a language's phoneme inventory and its geographical distance from the site of the origin of the human species. This indicates that pre-human language had rich phoneme inventories, which is an advantage if you need such a large vocabulary. But the evolution of logical structures like the above probably reduced the need for huge inventories a bit, as before them you had to invent new words for each logical distinction. The phonetic ability of humans probably evolved to its full extent before this logical structure evolved. Then the need for it declined, and modern languages get by with just a small fraction of the sounds that it's actually possible for us to make. For Idaltu, I propose a comparatively rich inventory, which I will represent by the reasonably close Latin letters and digraphs to save me from too much work. I'm not a natural IPA typist.

Each of the subject, object or other arguments above are nominal items. They are declined for singular, dual and plural number and for a large number of cases. Pronouns are not in principle different from other nouns and work in the same way. Since the nominal arguments are marked, they can switch places for emphasis. The scheme above is the neutral one. All nouns as well as verbs have theme vowels, and attribute markers can be inserted between them and the roots. The structure of a nominal argument is as follows:

NOUN-<attribute>-<theme>-<number>-<case>, where only the NOUN is mandatory.

There is a large number of verbal aspects, plenty of moods and a number of voices, but only 3 tenses, past, present and future.

For the vocabulary below I have used Bengtson's and Ruhlen's 27 Proto-World reconstructions (http://www.jdbengt.net/articles/Global.pdf) as my main inspiration. Not because I believe they have reached an accurate description of what language was like before it started to diverge, but because I like them and think they are a nice starting point for this experiment. I think however that the freedom of word invention, which amounts to the starting point for divergence, was evolved long before the invention of recursion, so Proto-World belongs to a much earlier stage than Idaltu. But the 27 of B & R have a moderately rich phoneme inventory which is suitable for my purpose. Sergei Starostin's online database (http://starling.rinet.ru/cgi-bin/query.cgi?root=config&morpho=0&basename=\data\eura\globet) has been useful for the rest.

Idaltu is currently rather experimental and so far I have done away with all verbal and nominal class distinctions. But I can foresee that something will crystallise out of the theme vowel system if I ever have time to work further on it.

As for pronunciation, the letters have their IPA values, except c = /ç/, ch = /χ/, sh = /ʃ/ and ng = /ŋ/.

== Vocabulary ==

akud (a) last
 arj (a) wild
 awyasi (v) be
 baja (n) joy
 baju (v) find
 bana (v) bloom, spring out
 bau (interj.) dog’s bark
 bawa (v) bark
 bele (v) fear
 beng (n) news
 buqi (n) wildness, madness
 ce (pron) 2p
 cheha (n) hunger
 chuk (a) strange, bent, crooked
 chym (n) land
 chymnu (n) world
 dagu (v) show
 diru (n) tree
 dawa (n) day
 efal (a) many
 faxe (v) break
 faza (n) pot
 Federfann (n) personal name
 gar (v) bring
 hafa (v) kick
 hala (n) food
 hamnetu (n) journey
 hantu (n) front
 haqe (v) see
 hara (v) trade, exchange, switch
 harahamnetu (n) trading journey
 haramano (n) merchant
 hawa (n) river
 hawna (n) desire
 heri (v) destroy
 hiwkul (n) gold (yellow stone)
 hule (v) eat
 hurxura (n) wagon
 huxu (n) brother
 hwy (v) love
 Idaltu (n) place name
 jen (v) speak
 kaje (v) go
 kame (v) grasp
 kamo (n) family, parents
 kanu (v) tie
 katse (v) hold, keep
 kocha (n) basket
 kole (v) fall
 kolu (n) fall
 koza (n) house
 kuna (n) woman
 kurku (n) cage
 kwano (n) male dog
 lapu (n) leaf
 laxa (v) loosen
 loqi (v) jump
 makaq (n) word
 makaqware (n) story
 mako (n) boy
 mani (v) stay, remain
 mano (n) man
 mari (v) walk
 Marwalla (n) place name
 maxari (v) die
 me (pron) 1s
 miro (n) ruler, king
 mora (n) mare, female horse
 nawahi (v) wait, expect
 nguki (v) be shocked, surprised
 nuhi (n) indefinite time
 oh (interj.) surprise
 p (a) near, proximate
 pajar (n) princess
 para (n) edge, side, shore
 purch (v) beg
 qabaw (v) weave
 qape (v) hold on to, maintain
 qaich (n) animal
 qarto (n) knot
 qazu (n) piece
 qechu (n) end
 qiru (n) door
 qudu (n) inside
 qurduni (v) be insufficient
 quxa (v) look, look for
 sayam (n) grass
 Sento (n) personal name
 sha (pron) 3s, fem.
 Shambara (n) place name
 shi (pron) 3s, neut.
 Shinnerell (n) personal name
 sho (pron) 3s, masc.
 shu (pron) 3s, inanim.
 shule (v) liberate, get free
 shulu (n) freedom
 shuxu (n) wisdom
 siha (n) fight
 sihte (v) fight
 sto (pron) 3p
 tano (v) pull, draw
 tanxane (v) harness (a draft animal) to something
 te (pron) 2s
 tinu (v) sit
 tuku (v) show, display
 turgu (n) walk, time
 tyak (v) steal
 wiltengu (v) not will
 ware (n) rope
 weda (v) hit
 wola (n) greatness, bigness, muchness
 wæri (v) make, prepare
 xogu (v) be hurt, feel bad
 xur (a) young
 za (pron) demonstrative
 zahe (v) put, set
 zeqe (v) run
 zuhe (v) appear, turn up

== Formants ==

- (null) unmarked: present tense, indicative mood, active voice, punctual-stative aspect, singular number, absolutive case
 a (a) progressive - emphasising progress in action
 ad (t) past
 ara (a) contrary - indicating contrariness to the previous statement
 bxa (c) locative - indicates place
 da (c) benefactive - what an action is done for the benefit of
 dbe (m) jussive - indicates an order
 de (m) optative - indicates wish or hope
 dxa (c) dative - marks indirect object
 esmu (a) simultaeous - indicates simultaneous action
 etse (a) terminative - marks finalising action
 fa (n) plural
 hi (c) allative - indicates movement towards
 hnu (a) intensive - intensifying the action
 iqe (a) inceptive - marks start of action
 iqne (a) inchoative - marks start of state change
 jo (t) past
 kaja (v) potential - marks ability to do the verb
 kla (c) circumferential (around, about)
 lju (m) desiderative - indicates wish
 lu (c) instrumental - means, manner (adverbial) or time
 maj (a) resumptive - marks resumed action
 mi (m) conditional - verb states a condition for another actio
 mne (a) iterative - marks repetition
 na (nom) active participle
 ngme (c) ablative - movement or action away from, out of
 ngo (v) middle - allows the subject of a transitive action to be marked other than by the ergative, for example to act upon itself.
 njar (a) habitual - marks habit
 ptu (m) speculative - marks speculative statement
 pu (c) adessive - marks adjacent location
 qe (c) ergative - marks the subject in a transitive action
 qfe (a) protractive - marks action that goes on and on
 qqa (c) superessive - marks location on top of something
 r (t) future
 she (a) continuous - marks continued action
 so (c) illative - movement into
 su (m) declarative mood - indicates more emphasis than the indicative mood but less than the energetic mood
 tli (c) prosecutive - movement along, across
 ur (t) future
 wke (e) quotative - marks a statement that the subject has been told
 xa (c) comitative - marks accompaniment, togetherness
 xza (c) genitive - possession
 yatin (a) episodic - marks a particular episode
 yne (e) reportative - marks the reporting of unwitnessed events
 za (c) translative - marks turning from one state to another
 zfe (c) pertingent - marks something that touches another thing
 æki (a) delimitative - indicates finite extent

== Abbreviations ==

1S - 1st person singular
 2P - 2nd person plural
 2S - 2nd person singular
 3S - 3rd person singular
 a - aspect, or attribute
 BENE - benefactive
 c - case
 DECL - declarative
 DES - desiderative
 e - evidentiality
 ERG - ergative
 FUT - future
 GEN - genitive
 HAB - habitual
 INST - instrumental
 LOC - locative
 m - mood
 n - number, or noun
 nom - nominaliser
 PL - plural
 PROT - protractive
 RES - resumptive
 t - tense
 v - verb, or voice

== Interlinear ==

bajuljuceqebaja
 find-DES-2P-ERG-joy

maxarirsumeqetedaqechulu
 die-FUT-DECL-1S-ERG-2S-BENE-end-INST

njarqapemeqeshuxuhawnaxzamexzashuda
 HAB-maintain-1S-ERG-wisdom-desire-GEN-1S-GEN-3S-BENE

majbanarsulapfachymnubxa
 RES-spring_out-FUT-DECL-leaf-PL-world-LOC

qfekajeturgu
 PROT-go-time

manirshunuhilu
 remain-FUT-3S-indefinite_time-INST

Duɡuxi Guaijuz
 personal name

Happy translating!

Fifth Linguifex Relay/Idaltu

2017-06-01T07:50:59Z

Uttrediay:

== Text in Idaltu ==

'''bajuljuceqebaja!'''

maxarirsumeqetedaqechulu
 njarqapemeqeshuxuhawnaxzamexzashuda
 majbanarsulapfachymnubxa
 qfekajeturgu manirshunuhilu
 
 
Duɡuxi Guaijuz

== Some grammar notes ==

Idaltu is designed to be a non-recursive language. It has been theorised that recursion is the only feature of language unique to humans (Hauser, M., Chomsky, N. & Fitch, W. T. 2002. The Language Faculty: What is it, who has it, and how did it evolve? Science, 298, 1569-1579), which I interpret to mean that it was the last major innovation of human speech before we reached the condition we have today, a modern, flexible language with full freedom of expression. Recursion probably is hard-wired in us, because it is a reasonable guess that features that are universal or near universal in human language (or human characteristics in general) are hard-wired. Many of the other universals (or near-universals) that do not depend on recursion are present in Idaltu. However, it does not, by definition, have statements and clauses like normal human language. Instead, I will refer to them as calls. They are more structured than usual animal calls, and the structural elements are similar to the ones of modern language, thus I will mostly use commonplace terminology when referring to them. Each call has this structure:

<aspect>-VERB-<tense>-<mood>-<evidentiality>-<subject>-<voice>-<object>-<other arguments>, where only the VERB is mandatory.

Which looks pretty commonplace for a polysynthetic language at first glance. In my model of language history the languages were polysynthetic at first when they reached the recursive stage, and have been evolving towards more analytic structures since, though not necessarily in a linear fashion.

In place of a complex syntax, Idaltu has complex semantics. The things we can say just by adjusting the syntax a little, or a lot – in principle there's no limit – Idaltu has to invent new words for. It has been suggested (http://www.sciencemag.org/content/332/6027/346.abstract) that there is a correlation between the size of a language's phoneme inventory and its geographical distance from the site of the origin of the human species. This indicates that pre-human language had rich phoneme inventories, which is an advantage if you need such a large vocabulary. But the evolution of logical structures like the above probably reduced the need for huge inventories a bit, as before them you had to invent new words for each logical distinction. The phonetic ability of humans probably evolved to its full extent before this logical structure evolved. Then the need for it declined, and modern languages get by with just a small fraction of the sounds that it's actually possible for us to make. For Idaltu, I propose a comparatively rich inventory, which I will represent by the reasonably close Latin letters and digraphs to save me from too much work. I'm not a natural IPA typist.

Each of the subject, object or other arguments above are nominal items. They are declined for singular, dual and plural number and for a large number of cases. Pronouns are not in principle different from other nouns and work in the same way. Since the nominal arguments are marked, they can switch places for emphasis. The scheme above is the neutral one. All nouns as well as verbs have theme vowels, and attribute markers can be inserted between them and the roots. The structure of a nominal argument is as follows:

NOUN-<attribute>-<theme>-<number>-<case>, where only the NOUN is mandatory.

There is a large number of verbal aspects, plenty of moods and a number of voices, but only 3 tenses, past, present and future.

For the vocabulary below I have used Bengtson's and Ruhlen's 27 Proto-World reconstructions (http://www.jdbengt.net/articles/Global.pdf) as my main inspiration. Not because I believe they have reached an accurate description of what language was like before it started to diverge, but because I like them and think they are a nice starting point for this experiment. I think however that the freedom of word invention, which amounts to the starting point for divergence, was evolved long before the invention of recursion, so Proto-World belongs to a much earlier stage than Idaltu. But the 27 of B & R have a moderately rich phoneme inventory which is suitable for my purpose. Sergei Starostin's online database (http://starling.rinet.ru/cgi-bin/query.cgi?root=config&morpho=0&basename=\data\eura\globet) has been useful for the rest.

Idaltu is currently rather experimental and so far I have done away with all verbal and nominal class distinctions. But I can foresee that something will crystallise out of the theme vowel system if I ever have time to work further on it.

As for pronunciation, the letters have their IPA values, except c = /ç/, ch = /χ/, sh = /ʃ/ and ng = /ŋ/.

== Vocabulary ==

akud (a) last
 arj (a) wild
 awyasi (v) be
 baja (n) joy
 baju (v) find
 bana (v) bloom, spring out
 bau (interj.) dog’s bark
 bawa (v) bark
 bele (v) fear
 beng (n) news
 buqi (n) wildness, madness
 ce (pron) 2p
 cheha (n) hunger
 chuk (a) strange, bent, crooked
 chym (n) land
 chymnu (n) world
 dagu (v) show
 diru (n) tree
 dawa (n) day
 efal (a) many
 faxe (v) break
 faza (n) pot
 Federfann (n) personal name
 gar (v) bring
 hafa (v) kick
 hala (n) food
 hamnetu (n) journey
 hantu (n) front
 haqe (v) see
 hara (v) trade, exchange, switch
 harahamnetu (n) trading journey
 haramano (n) merchant
 hawa (n) river
 hawna (n) desire
 heri (v) destroy
 hiwkul (n) gold (yellow stone)
 hule (v) eat
 hurxura (n) wagon
 huxu (n) brother
 hwy (v) love
 Idaltu (n) place name
 jen (v) speak
 kaje (v) go
 kame (v) grasp
 kamo (n) family, parents
 kanu (v) tie
 katse (v) hold, keep
 kocha (n) basket
 kole (v) fall
 kolu (n) fall
 koza (n) house
 kuna (n) woman
 kurku (n) cage
 kwano (n) male dog
 lapu (n) leaf
 laxa (v) loosen
 loqi (v) jump
 makaq (n) word
 makaqware (n) story
 mako (n) boy
 mani (v) stay, remain
 mano (n) man
 mari (v) walk
 Marwalla (n) place name
 maxari (v) die
 me (pron) 1s
 miro (n) ruler, king
 mora (n) mare, female horse
 nawahi (v) wait, expect
 nguki (v) be shocked, surprised
 nuhi (n) indefinite time
 oh (interj.) surprise
 p (a) near, proximate
 pajar (n) princess
 para (n) edge, side, shore
 purch (v) beg
 qabaw (v) weave
 qape (v) hold on to, maintain
 qaich (n) animal
 qarto (n) knot
 qazu (n) piece
 qechu (n) end
 qiru (n) door
 qudu (n) inside
 qurduni (v) be insufficient
 quxa (v) look, look for
 sayam (n) grass
 Sento (n) personal name
 sha (pron) 3s, fem.
 Shambara (n) place name
 shi (pron) 3s, neut.
 Shinnerell (n) personal name
 sho (pron) 3s, masc.
 shu (pron) 3s, inanim.
 shule (v) liberate, get free
 shulu (n) freedom
 shuxu (n) wisdom
 siha (n) fight
 sihte (v) fight
 sto (pron) 3p
 tano (v) pull, draw
 tanxane (v) harness (a draft animal) to something
 te (pron) 2s
 tinu (v) sit
 tuku (v) show, display
 turgu (n) walk, time
 tyak (v) steal
 wiltengu (v) not will
 ware (n) rope
 weda (v) hit
 wola (n) greatness, bigness, muchness
 wæri (v) make, prepare
 xogu (v) be hurt, feel bad
 xur (a) young
 za (pron) demonstrative
 zahe (v) put, set
 zeqe (v) run
 zuhe (v) appear, turn up

== Formants ==

- (null) unmarked: present tense, indicative mood, active voice, punctual-stative aspect, singular number, absolutive case
 a (a) progressive - emphasising progress in action
 ad (t) past
 ara (a) contrary - indicating contrariness to the previous statement
 bxa (c) locative - indicates place
 da (c) benefactive - what an action is done for the benefit of
 dbe (m) jussive - indicates an order
 de (m) optative - indicates wish or hope
 dxa (c) dative - marks indirect object
 esmu (a) simultaeous - indicates simultaneous action
 etse (a) terminative - marks finalising action
 fa (n) plural
 hi (c) allative - indicates movement towards
 hnu (a) intensive - intensifying the action
 iqe (a) inceptive - marks start of action
 iqne (a) inchoative - marks start of state change
 jo (t) past
 kaja (v) potential - marks ability to do the verb
 kla (c) circumferential (around, about)
 lju (m) desiderative - indicates wish
 lu (c) instrumental - means, manner (adverbial) or time
 maj (a) resumptive - marks resumed action
 mi (m) conditional - verb states a condition for another actio
 mne (a) iterative - marks repetition
 na (nom) active participle
 ngme (c) ablative - movement or action away from, out of
 ngo (v) middle - allows the subject of a transitive action to be marked other than by the ergative, for example to act upon itself.
 njar (a) habitual - marks habit
 ptu (m) speculative - marks speculative statement
 pu (c) adessive - marks adjacent location
 qe (c) ergative - marks the subject in a transitive action
 qfe (a) protractive - marks action that goes on and on
 qqa (c) superessive - marks location on top of something
 r (t) future
 she (a) continuous - marks continued action
 so (c) illative - movement into
 su (m) declarative mood - indicates more emphasis than the indicative mood but less than the energetic mood
 tli (c) prosecutive - movement along, across
 ur (t) future
 wke (e) quotative - marks a statement that the subject has been told
 xa (c) comitative - marks accompaniment, togetherness
 xza (c) genitive - possession
 yatin (a) episodic - marks a particular episode
 yne (e) reportative - marks the reporting of unwitnessed events
 za (c) translative - marks turning from one state to another
 zfe (c) pertingent - marks something that touches another thing
 æki (a) delimitative - indicates finite extent

== Abbreviations ==

1S - 1st person singular
 2P - 2nd person plural
 2S - 2nd person singular
 3S - 3rd person singular
 a - aspect, or attribute
 BENE - benefactive
 c - case
 DECL - declarative
 DES - desiderative
 e - evidentiality
 ERG - ergative
 FUT - future
 GEN - genitive
 HAB - habitual
 INST - instrumental
 LOC - locative
 m - mood
 n - number, or noun
 nom - nominaliser
 PL - plural
 PROT - protractive
 RES - resumptive
 t - tense
 v - verb, or voice

== Interlinear ==

bajuljuceqebaja
 find-DES-2P-ERG-joy

maxarirsumeqetedaqechulu
 die-FUT-DECL-1S-ERG-2S-BENE-end-INST

njarqapemeqeshuxuhawnaxzamexzashuda
 HAB-maintain-1S-ERG-wisdom-desire-GEN-1S-GEN-3S-BENE

majbanarsulapfachymnubxa
 RES-spring_out-FUT-DECL-leaf-PL-world-LOC

qfekajeturgu
 PROT-go-time

manirshunuhilu
 remain-FUT-3S-indefinite_time-INST

Duɡuxi Guaijuz
 personal name

Happy translating!

User talk:Sean4gold

2017-05-31T23:59:10Z

Uttrediay: /* Fifth Linguifex relay */ new section

== Fifth Linguifex relay ==

Go and look up your torch at: https://linguifex.com/wiki/Fifth_Linguifex_Relay/Idaltu

Fifth Linguifex Relay/Idaltu

2017-05-31T23:56:42Z

Uttrediay: Created page with "== Text in Idaltu == '''bajuljuceqebaja!''' maxarirsumeqetedaqechulu njarqapemeqeshuxuhawnaxzamexzashuda majbanarsulapfachymnubxa qfekajeturgu manirshunuhilu..."

== Text in Idaltu ==

'''bajuljuceqebaja!'''

maxarirsumeqetedaqechulu
 njarqapemeqeshuxuhawnaxzamexzashuda
 majbanarsulapfachymnubxa
 qfekajeturgu manirshunuhilu

== Some grammar notes ==

Idaltu is designed to be a non-recursive language. It has been theorised that recursion is the only feature of language unique to humans (Hauser, M., Chomsky, N. & Fitch, W. T. 2002. The Language Faculty: What is it, who has it, and how did it evolve? Science, 298, 1569-1579), which I interpret to mean that it was the last major innovation of human speech before we reached the condition we have today, a modern, flexible language with full freedom of expression. Recursion probably is hard-wired in us, because it is a reasonable guess that features that are universal or near universal in human language (or human characteristics in general) are hard-wired. Many of the other universals (or near-universals) that do not depend on recursion are present in Idaltu. However, it does not, by definition, have statements and clauses like normal human language. Instead, I will refer to them as calls. They are more structured than usual animal calls, and the structural elements are similar to the ones of modern language, thus I will mostly use commonplace terminology when referring to them. Each call has this structure:

<aspect>-VERB-<tense>-<mood>-<evidentiality>-<subject>-<voice>-<object>-<other arguments>, where only the VERB is mandatory.

Which looks pretty commonplace for a polysynthetic language at first glance. In my model of language history the languages were polysynthetic at first when they reached the recursive stage, and have been evolving towards more analytic structures since, though not necessarily in a linear fashion.

In place of a complex syntax, Idaltu has complex semantics. The things we can say just by adjusting the syntax a little, or a lot – in principle there's no limit – Idaltu has to invent new words for. It has been suggested (http://www.sciencemag.org/content/332/6027/346.abstract) that there is a correlation between the size of a language's phoneme inventory and its geographical distance from the site of the origin of the human species. This indicates that pre-human language had rich phoneme inventories, which is an advantage if you need such a large vocabulary. But the evolution of logical structures like the above probably reduced the need for huge inventories a bit, as before them you had to invent new words for each logical distinction. The phonetic ability of humans probably evolved to its full extent before this logical structure evolved. Then the need for it declined, and modern languages get by with just a small fraction of the sounds that it's actually possible for us to make. For Idaltu, I propose a comparatively rich inventory, which I will represent by the reasonably close Latin letters and digraphs to save me from too much work. I'm not a natural IPA typist.

Each of the subject, object or other arguments above are nominal items. They are declined for singular, dual and plural number and for a large number of cases. Pronouns are not in principle different from other nouns and work in the same way. Since the nominal arguments are marked, they can switch places for emphasis. The scheme above is the neutral one. All nouns as well as verbs have theme vowels, and attribute markers can be inserted between them and the roots. The structure of a nominal argument is as follows:

NOUN-<attribute>-<theme>-<number>-<case>, where only the NOUN is mandatory.

There is a large number of verbal aspects, plenty of moods and a number of voices, but only 3 tenses, past, present and future.

For the vocabulary below I have used Bengtson's and Ruhlen's 27 Proto-World reconstructions (http://www.jdbengt.net/articles/Global.pdf) as my main inspiration. Not because I believe they have reached an accurate description of what language was like before it started to diverge, but because I like them and think they are a nice starting point for this experiment. I think however that the freedom of word invention, which amounts to the starting point for divergence, was evolved long before the invention of recursion, so Proto-World belongs to a much earlier stage than Idaltu. But the 27 of B & R have a moderately rich phoneme inventory which is suitable for my purpose. Sergei Starostin's online database (http://starling.rinet.ru/cgi-bin/query.cgi?root=config&morpho=0&basename=\data\eura\globet) has been useful for the rest.

Idaltu is currently rather experimental and so far I have done away with all verbal and nominal class distinctions. But I can foresee that something will crystallise out of the theme vowel system if I ever have time to work further on it.

As for pronunciation, the letters have their IPA values, except c = /ç/, ch = /χ/ and sh = /ʃ/.

== Vocabulary ==

akud (a) last
 arj (a) wild
 awyasi (v) be
 baja (n) joy
 baju (v) find
 bana (v) bloom, spring out
 bau (interj.) dog’s bark
 bawa (v) bark
 bele (v) fear
 beng (n) news
 buqi (n) wildness, madness
 ce (pron) 2p
 cheha (n) hunger
 chuk (a) strange, bent, crooked
 chym (n) land
 chymnu (n) world
 dagu (v) show
 diru (n) tree
 dawa (n) day
 efal (a) many
 faxe (v) break
 faza (n) pot
 Federfann (n) personal name
 gar (v) bring
 hafa (v) kick
 hala (n) food
 hamnetu (n) journey
 hantu (n) front
 haqe (v) see
 hara (v) trade, exchange, switch
 harahamnetu (n) trading journey
 haramano (n) merchant
 hawa (n) river
 hawna (n) desire
 heri (v) destroy
 hiwkul (n) gold (yellow stone)
 hule (v) eat
 hurxura (n) wagon
 huxu (n) brother
 hwy (v) love
 Idaltu (n) place name
 jen (v) speak
 kaje (v) go
 kame (v) grasp
 kamo (n) family, parents
 kanu (v) tie
 katse (v) hold, keep
 kocha (n) basket
 kole (v) fall
 kolu (n) fall
 koza (n) house
 kuna (n) woman
 kurku (n) cage
 kwano (n) male dog
 lapu (n) leaf
 laxa (v) loosen
 loqi (v) jump
 makaq (n) word
 makaqware (n) story
 mako (n) boy
 mani (v) stay, remain
 mano (n) man
 mari (v) walk
 Marwalla (n) place name
 maxari (v) die
 me (pron) 1s
 miro (n) ruler, king
 mora (n) mare, female horse
 nawahi (v) wait, expect
 nguki (v) be shocked, surprised
 nuhi (n) indefinite time
 oh (interj.) surprise
 p (a) near, proximate
 pajar (n) princess
 para (n) edge, side, shore
 purch (v) beg
 qabaw (v) weave
 qape (v) hold on to, maintain
 qaich (n) animal
 qarto (n) knot
 qazu (n) piece
 qechu (n) end
 qiru (n) door
 qudu (n) inside
 qurduni (v) be insufficient
 quxa (v) look, look for
 sayam (n) grass
 Sento (n) personal name
 sha (pron) 3s, fem.
 Shambara (n) place name
 shi (pron) 3s, neut.
 Shinnerell (n) personal name
 sho (pron) 3s, masc.
 shu (pron) 3s, inanim.
 shule (v) liberate, get free
 shulu (n) freedom
 shuxu (n) wisdom
 siha (n) fight
 sihte (v) fight
 sto (pron) 3p
 tano (v) pull, draw
 tanxane (v) harness (a draft animal) to something
 te (pron) 2s
 tinu (v) sit
 tuku (v) show, display
 turgu (n) walk, time
 tyak (v) steal
 wiltengu (v) not will
 ware (n) rope
 weda (v) hit
 wola (n) greatness, bigness, muchness
 wæri (v) make, prepare
 xogu (v) be hurt, feel bad
 xur (a) young
 za (pron) demonstrative
 zahe (v) put, set
 zeqe (v) run
 zuhe (v) appear, turn up

== Formants ==

- (null) unmarked: present tense, indicative mood, active voice, punctual-stative aspect, singular number, absolutive case
 a (a) progressive - emphasising progress in action
 ad (t) past
 ara (a) contrary - indicating contrariness to the previous statement
 bxa (c) locative - indicates place
 da (c) benefactive - what an action is done for the benefit of
 dbe (m) jussive - indicates an order
 de (m) optative - indicates wish or hope
 dxa (c) dative - marks indirect object
 esmu (a) simultaeous - indicates simultaneous action
 etse (a) terminative - marks finalising action
 fa (n) plural
 hi (c) allative - indicates movement towards
 hnu (a) intensive - intensifying the action
 iqe (a) inceptive - marks start of action
 iqne (a) inchoative - marks start of state change
 jo (t) past
 kaja (v) potential - marks ability to do the verb
 kla (c) circumferential (around, about)
 lju (m) desiderative - indicates wish
 lu (c) instrumental - means, manner (adverbial) or time
 maj (a) resumptive - marks resumed action
 mi (m) conditional - verb states a condition for another actio
 mne (a) iterative - marks repetition
 na (nom) active participle
 ngme (c) ablative - movement or action away from, out of
 ngo (v) middle - allows the subject of a transitive action to be marked other than by the ergative, for example to act upon itself.
 njar (a) habitual - marks habit
 ptu (m) speculative - marks speculative statement
 pu (c) adessive - marks adjacent location
 qe (c) ergative - marks the subject in a transitive action
 qfe (a) protractive - marks action that goes on and on
 qqa (c) superessive - marks location on top of something
 r (t) future
 she (a) continuous - marks continued action
 so (c) illative - movement into
 su (m) declarative mood - indicates more emphasis than the indicative mood but less than the energetic mood
 tli (c) prosecutive - movement along, across
 ur (t) future
 wke (e) quotative - marks a statement that the subject has been told
 xa (c) comitative - marks accompaniment, togetherness
 xza (c) genitive - possession
 yatin (a) episodic - marks a particular episode
 yne (e) reportative - marks the reporting of unwitnessed events
 za (c) translative - marks turning from one state to another
 zfe (c) pertingent - marks something that touches another thing
 æki (a) delimitative - indicates finite extent

== Abbreviations ==

1S - 1st person singular
 2P - 2nd person plural
 2S - 2nd person singular
 3S - 3rd person singular
 a - aspect, or attribute
 BENE - benefactive
 c - case
 DECL - declarative
 DES - desiderative
 e - evidentiality
 ERG - ergative
 FUT - future
 GEN - genitive
 HAB - habitual
 INST - instrumental
 LOC - locative
 m - mood
 n - number, or noun
 nom - nominaliser
 PL - plural
 PROT - protractive
 RES - resumptive
 t - tense
 v - verb, or voice

== Interlinear ==

bajuljuceqebaja
 find-DES-2P-ERG-joy

maxarirsumeqetedaqechulu
 die-FUT-DECL-1S-ERG-2S-BENE-end-INST

njarqapemeqeshuxuhawnaxzamexzashuda
 HAB-maintain-1S-ERG-wisdom-desire-GEN-1S-GEN-3S-BENE

majbanarsulapfachymnubxa
 RES-spring_out-FUT-DECL-leaf-PL-world-LOC

qfekajeturgu
 PROT-go-time

manirshunuhilu
 remain-FUT-3S-indefinite_time-INST

Happy translating!

Fifth Linguifex Relay/1

2017-05-20T16:37:33Z

Uttrediay:

The '''Fifth Linguifex Relay''' is an upcoming conlang relay, a game of conlingual telephone, on Linguifex. Succeeding the [[Fourth Linguifex Relay|''ei! jån' kähne Jündemruoger'']] relay, starting in [[Classical Wiobian|Classical Wiobian]], the fifth relay will be started by [[User:IlL|IlL]] in his [[Tíogall]] language.

SIGNUP IS OPEN. TO SIGN UP, PLEASE ADD YOUR SEAT DIRECTLY BELOW THE LAST SEAT ADDED. For example, if the last seat added is numbered Seat 8, your new seat should be Seat 9. If no one has signed up yet, number your seat Seat 1.
==Rules==
The game is similar to [[w:Chinese whispers|Chinese whispers]]. The procedure is simple: you will receive a conlang text, a ''whisper'' or ''torch'', from the previous ''seat'' with an interlinear/gloss which you are to translate into your own conlang and add information so that the next person can decipher it and make a new translation. You will have '''48''' hours from the time of having received the whisper to prepare a translation of it into your conlang, gloss it and then send it to the next person in the chain. You are free to include either a glossary and grammar notes or an interlinear (or both!). The choice is up to you, but it is always recommended to at least add an interlinear.

In the event that you fail to whisper within your allotted 48 hours, the turn will skip your seat and go to the next participant.

The relaymaster will determine at their own discretion when a relay is to start. Everyone is welcome to partake, but for reasons of convenience, an account on Linguifex is required. Every person is restricted to one entry, but the choice of conlang is up to them. In the case that two people chose the same language, a first-come first-served basis will be adopted (unless, say, the language creator chooses to join in).

==Signup==
===Seats===

The final seat will be a retranslation into the source conlang, as well as the first translation into English. In conjunction, the original text will be published in English.
*'''Seat 0''' - [[User:IlL|IlL]], relaymaster, with ''[[Tíogall]]''.
*'''Seat 1''' - [[User:Praimhín|Praimhín]], with ''[[Windermere]]''.
*'''Seat 2''' - [[User:MarloweC|MarloweC]], with ''[[Dyrel]]''.
*'''Seat 3''' - [[User:Araneus|Araneus]], with ''Kharrash''.
*'''Seat 4''' - [[User:Nicolasstraccia|Nicolas Straccia]], with ''[[I Kronurum]]''.
*'''Seat 5''' - [[User:Chrysophylax|Chrysophylax]] with '''TBA'''.
*'''Seat 6''' - [[User:Rejis‎|Rejis]] with ''[[Rejistanian]]''.
*'''Seat 7''' - [[User:Zev‎|The Dark Lord]] with '''TBA'''.
*'''Seat 8''' - [[User:Uttrediay‎|Lars Finsen]] with '''Idaltu'''.
*'''Final seat''' - Retranslation into ''[[Tíogall]]'' and English. The English version of the original text will be published as well.

==How-to==
Once you've received the conlang text with glosses and all, create a page called "Fifth Linguifex Relay/X", where X is your language. Translate and gloss the text into your conlang (try to include an interlinear gloss), and check the '''Seats''' list on this page: Take a look who's next after you and go to their talk page and create a new topic called "Fifth Linguifex Relay"; and link the page where you keep your translation.
[[Category:Relays]]