Linguifex - User contributions [en]

Hano

2012-11-16T19:01:47Z

Vee:

{{ClassMeter

| Name = Hano
| NativeName = Hánokacip
| Type = Agglutinative/Polysynthetic
| Alignment = Ergative

|adjective = Yes
|adposition = No
|adverb = Yes
|article = No
|relativeclause = No
|nounclause = No
|order = VSO
| Tonal = No
| Declensions = Yes
| Conjugations = No
| Genders = 3
| Nouns decline according to...
| Case = Yes
| Number = No
| Definiteness = No
| Gender = Yes
| Verbs conjugate according to...
| Voice = Yes
| Mood = Yes
| Person = Yes
| Number = No
| Tense = Yes
| Aspect = No
To what degree, from 0 to 100 where 100 is fully completed, is the respective part completed?
|Phonology = 0
|NounCases = 0
|NounDef = 0
|NounNumbers = 0
|NounGender = 0
|VerbPerson = 0
|VerbNumber = 0
|VerbAspect = 0
|VerbTense = 0
|VerbMood = 0
|VerbVoice = 0
|AdjCase = 0
|AdjNumber = 0
|AdjDef = 0
|AdjGen = 0
|AdjComparative = 0
|AdjSuperlative = 0
|AdjGen = 0
|Supine = 0
|Gerund = 0
|Participle = 0
|Infinitive = 0
|Modality = 0
|Words =
}}

==Introduction==
This is my third conlang and the first I've actually begun to develope. It, like all my other conlangs, is inspired by my native language Finnish and Native American languages, especially those of Pacific Northwest.
==General information==
Hano language is a language isolate spoken by the Hano people of Hano archipelago.

==Phonology==
===Consonants===
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="wikitable article-table" style="width: 884px; text-align:center;"
! style="width: 68px; "|
! style="width: 68px; " |Bilabial
! style="width: 68px; " |Labio-dental
! style="width: 68px; " |Dental
! style="width: 68px; " |Alveolar
! style="width: 68px; " |Post-alveolar
! style="width: 68px; " |Retroflex
! style="width: 68px; " |Palatal
! style="width: 68px; " |Velar
! style="width: 68px; " |Uvular
! style="width: 68px; " |Pharyngeal
! style="width: 68px; " |Epiglottal
! style="width: 68px; " |Glottal
|-
! style="" |Nasal
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
! style="" |Plosive
|
|
|
|
|
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|
|
|
|
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|-
! style="" |Fricative
|
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|
|
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|
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|-
! style="" |Affricate
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
! style="" |Approximant
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
! style="" |Trill
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
! style="" |Flap or tap
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
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|-
! style="" |Lateral fric.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
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|-
! style="" |Lateral app.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
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|-
! style="" |Lateral flap
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|}

===Vowels===
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="wikitable article-table" style="width: 540px; text-align:center;"
! style="width: 90px; "|
! style="width: 90px; " |Front
! style="width: 90px; " |Near-front
! style="width: 90px; " |Central
! style="width: 90px; " |Near-back
! style="width: 90px; " |Back
|-
! style="" |Close
|
|
|
|
|
|-
! style="" |Near-close
|
|
|
|
|
|-
! style="" |Close-mid
|
|
|
|
|
|-
! style="" |Mid
|
|
|
|
|
|-
! style="" |Open-mid
|
|
|
|
|
|-
! style="" |Near-open
|
|
|
|
|
|-
! style="" |Open
|
|
|
|
|
|}


===Phonotactics===


==Basic grammar==
Hano can be very agglutinating in its verbs, but less so of adjectives and nouns. It's possible for a sentence to consist of either words with high degree of inflection or words that haven't been inflectled at all, depending on the number, tense etc..

===Noun classes===
Hano includes three grammatical numbers: singular, dual and plural, of which dual exists only in personal pronouns. It has three noun classes: concrete animate, concrete inanimate and abstract. All nouns are plural by default and the singular is marked by adding a suffix to the end of the noun. They are ''-is'' for concrete animate, ''-ic'' for concrete inanimate and ''-ip'' for abstract (for example ''kiál'' means "birds" and ''kiális'' means "a bird"). Words, such as "water", "time" and other material and uncountable nouns of the concrete inanimate and abstract noun classes can be given the singular suffix to denote a small amount. For example "some water" would be ''Gashéic'' in Hano and "a moment" ''Mí'cip'' (could be expressed as "a piece of time")

===Verbs===
In the Hano language verb stems form the core of the verb and suffixes are added to the verb to denote different grammatical functions. Their place within the verb depends on the tense and other suffixes and there is much variation.

There are five tenses, which are future, present, preterite, aorist and perfect. Aorist is used when talking about some already occured event, that's either unique or otherwise special. For example ''T'aétáska'', which uses aorist, means "I swam" (only time doing so or for the first time), while ''Yentás'ka'' means "I swam" (several times before and/or after), as it's preterite. Present isn't marked with an affix while others are.
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 150px; text-align:center;"
!Future
|Me'í
|-
!Present
| -
|-
!Preterite
| Yen
|-
!Aorist
| T'aé
|-
!Perfect
| Qo
|}

There are four grammatical persons: 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th, all of which have got singular, dual and plural forms. 4th person is used when referring to the target of 3rd person's actions: compare ''Yenmálka sán'', which means "I saw her/him" and ''Yenmálksá seik'', which means "she/he saw her/him".

They are as follows:
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 150px; text-align:center;"
!||sg.||dl.||pl
|-
!1st
| A/Aś||At/As||Át/Áś
|-
!2nd
| E/Ell||Et/Éll||Ét/Ét
|-
!3rd
| Sá/Sáŋ||Sat/Saw||Sát/Sall
|-
!4th
| Sé/Seik||Set/Si'ek||Sét/Se'ek
|}

There are two forms of each pronoun. The first ones are used to indicate the agent of the sentence and the latter ones to indicate the patient and, furthermore, when only a pronoun is needed to convey the meaning. The agent pronouns are added to the verb and cannot be on their own. The place of the pronoun depends on the other affixes of the word. In the present tense it's always initial: '''''A'''tás'k'' = "I swim". But in other tenses it's usually the final one and the tense marker is the first: ''Yentás'k'''a''''' = "I swam". It's optional to omit the agent pronoun if the subject of the sentence is something other than a personal pronoun, ie. one can say either ''Tás'k kiál'' or ''Sáttás'k kiál'' for "The birds swim".

Negation is formed by adding the suffix -yé before the verb stem. The tense and question markers and the person are placed after the verb stem in the order ''tense marker-question-person''. Compare ''Kweyentáska'' "Did I swim?" and ''Yétáskyenkwea'' "Didn't I swim?"

==Vocabulary==

{{Kinship
|PaternalGrandMother=
|PaternalGrandFather=
|MaternalGrandMother=
|MaternalGrandFather=
|PaternalAuntsHusband=
|PaternalAunt=
|PaternalUnclesWife=
|PaternalUncle=
|Father=
|Mother=
|PaternalTwinUnclesWife=
|PaternalTwinUncle=
|PaternalYoungerUnclesWife=
|PaternalYoungerUncle=
|PaternalOlderUnclesWife=
|PaternalOlderUncle=
|PaternalTwinAuntsHusband=
|PaternalTwinAunt=
|PaternalYoungerAuntsHusband=
|PaternalYoungerAunt=
|PaternalOlderAuntsHusband=
|PaternalOlderAunt=
|MaternalTwinUnclesWife=
|MaternalTwinUncle=
|MaternalYoungerUnclesWife=
|MaternalYoungerUncle=
|MaternalOlderUnclesWife=
|MaternalOlderUncle=
|MaternalTwinAuntsHusband=
|MaternalTwinAunt=
|MaternalYoungerAuntsHusband=
|MaternalYoungerAunt=
|MaternalOlderAuntsHusband=
|MaternalOlderAunt=
|PaternalTwinUnclesSon=
|PaternalTwinUnclesDaughter=
|PaternalYoungerUnclesSon=
|PaternalYoungerUnclesDaughter=
|PaternalOlderUnclesSon=
|PaternalOlderUnclesDaughter=
|PaternalTwinAuntsSon=
|PaternalTwinAuntsDaughter=
|PaternalYoungerAuntsSon=
|PaternalYoungerAuntsDaughter=
|PaternalOlderAuntsSon=
|PaternalOlderAuntsDaughter=
|MaternalTwinUnclesSon=
|MaternalTwinUnclesDaughter=
|MaternalYoungerUnclesSon=
|MaternalYoungerUnclesDaughter=
|MaternalOlderUnclesSon=
|MaternalOlderUnclesDaughter=
|MaternalTwinAuntsSon=
|MaternalTwinAuntsDaughter=
|MaternalYoungerAuntsSon=
|MaternalYoungerAuntsDaughter=
|MaternalOlderAuntsSon=
|MaternalOlderAuntsDaughter=
|Sister=
|Self=
|Husband=
|Wife=
|LittleSister=
|TwinSister=
|BigSister=
|BigBrother=
|TwinBrother=
|LittleBrother=
|LittleSistersHusband=
|TwinSistersHusband=
|BigSistersHusband=
|BigBrothersWife=
|TwinBrothersWife=
|LittleBrothersWife=
|MaternalAuntsSon=
|MaternalAuntsDaughter=
|MaternalUnclesSon=
|MaternalUnclesDaughter=
|HusbandSon=
|HusbandDaughter=
|WifeSon=
|WifeDaughter=
|TwinSisterNiece=
|TwinSisterNephew=
|LittleSisterNiece=
|LittleSisterNephew=
|BigSisterNiece=
|BigSisterNephew=
|TwinBrotherNiece=
|TwinBrotherNephew=
|LittleBrotherNiece=
|LittleBrotherNephew=
|BigBrotherNiece=
|BigBrotherNephew=
}}

==Swadesh list==

{{Swadesh
|language= Hano
|nativename= Hánokacip
|I= A
|you (singular)= E
|he= Sá
|we= Át
|you (plural)= Ét
|they= Sát
|this=
|that=
|here=
|there=
|who=
|what=
|where=
|when=
|how=
|not=
|all=
|many=
|some=
|few=
|other=
|one=
|two=
|three=
|four=
|five=
|big=
|long=
|wide=
|thick=
|heavy=
|small=
|short=
|narrow=
|thin=
|woman=
|man (adult male)=
|Man (human being)=
|child=
|wife=
|husband=
|mother=
|father=
|animal=
|fish=
|bird=
|dog=
|louse=
|snake=
|worm=
|tree=
|forest=
|stick=
|fruit=
|seed=
|leaf=
|root=
|bark=
|flower=
|grass=
|rope=
|skin=
|meat=
|blood=
|bone=
|fat (n.)=
|egg=
|horn=
|tail=
|feather=
|hair=
|head=
|ear=
|eye=
|nose=
|mouth=
|tooth=
|tongue=
|fingernail=
|foot=
|leg=
|knee=
|hand=
|wing=
|belly=
|guts=
|neck=
|back=
|breast=
|heart=
|liver=
|drink=
|eat=
|bite=
|suck=
|spit=
|vomit=
|blow=
|breathe=
|laugh=
|see=
|hear=
|know=
|think=
|smell=
|fear=
|sleep=
|live=
|die=
|kill=
|fight=
|hunt=
|hit=
|cut=
|split=
|stab=
|scratch=
|dig=
|swim=
|fly (v.)=
|walk=
|come=
|lie=
|sit=
|stand=
|turn=
|fall=
|give=
|hold=
|squeeze=
|rub=
|wash=
|wipe=
|pull=
|push=
|throw=
|tie=
|sew=
|count=
|say=
|sing=
|play=
|float=
|flow=
|freeze=
|swell=
|sun=
|moon=
|star=
|water=
|rain=
|river=
|lake=
|sea=
|salt=
|stone=
|sand=
|dust=
|earth=
|cloud=
|fog=
|sky=
|wind=
|snow=
|ice=
|smoke=
|fire=
|ashes=
|burn=
|road=
|mountain=
|red=
|green=
|yellow=
|white=
|black=
|night=
|day=
|year=
|warm=
|cold=
|full=
|new=
|old=
|good=
|bad=
|rotten=
|dirty=
|straight=
|round=
|sharp=
|dull=
|smooth=
|wet=
|dry=
|correct=
|near=
|far=
|right=
|left=
|at=
|in=
|with=
|and=
|if=
|because=
|name=}}

==Example texts==
''Kweyenká'hc'aet sascha'm ké'énic ám?''

Didn't you two give it to me yesterday?
[[Category:Conlangs]]

<noinclude>
[[Category:Templates]]
</noinclude>

Hano

2012-11-14T19:45:40Z

Vee: /* Verbs */

{{NewArrival|2012|09|26|08:38}}


{{ClassMeter

| Name = Hano
| NativeName = Hánokacip
| Type = Agglutinative/Polysynthetic
| Alignment = Ergative

|adjective = Yes
|adposition = No
|adverb = Yes
|article = No
|relativeclause = No
|nounclause = No
|order = VSO
| Tonal = No
| Declensions = Yes
| Conjugations = No
| Genders = 3
| Nouns decline according to...
| Case = Yes
| Number = No
| Definiteness = No
| Gender = Yes
| Verbs conjugate according to...
| Voice = Yes
| Mood = Yes
| Person = Yes
| Number = No
| Tense = Yes
| Aspect = No
To what degree, from 0 to 100 where 100 is fully completed, is the respective part completed?
|Phonology = 0
|NounCases = 0
|NounDef = 0
|NounNumbers = 0
|NounGender = 0
|VerbPerson = 0
|VerbNumber = 0
|VerbAspect = 0
|VerbTense = 0
|VerbMood = 0
|VerbVoice = 0
|AdjCase = 0
|AdjNumber = 0
|AdjDef = 0
|AdjGen = 0
|AdjComparative = 0
|AdjSuperlative = 0
|AdjGen = 0
|Supine = 0
|Gerund = 0
|Participle = 0
|Infinitive = 0
|Modality = 0
|Words =
}}

==Introduction==
This is my third conlang and the first I've actually begun to develope. It, like all my other conlangs, is inspired by my native language Finnish and Native American languages, especially those of Pacific Northwest.
==General information==
Hano language is a language isolate spoken by the Hano people of Hano archipelago.

==Phonology==
===Consonants===
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="wikitable article-table" style="width: 884px; text-align:center;"
! style="width: 68px; "|
! style="width: 68px; " |Bilabial
! style="width: 68px; " |Labio-dental
! style="width: 68px; " |Dental
! style="width: 68px; " |Alveolar
! style="width: 68px; " |Post-alveolar
! style="width: 68px; " |Retroflex
! style="width: 68px; " |Palatal
! style="width: 68px; " |Velar
! style="width: 68px; " |Uvular
! style="width: 68px; " |Pharyngeal
! style="width: 68px; " |Epiglottal
! style="width: 68px; " |Glottal
|-
! style="" |Nasal
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
! style="" |Plosive
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
! style="" |Fricative
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
! style="" |Affricate
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
! style="" |Approximant
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
! style="" |Trill
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
! style="" |Flap or tap
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
! style="" |Lateral fric.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
! style="" |Lateral app.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
! style="" |Lateral flap
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|}

===Vowels===
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="wikitable article-table" style="width: 540px; text-align:center;"
! style="width: 90px; "|
! style="width: 90px; " |Front
! style="width: 90px; " |Near-front
! style="width: 90px; " |Central
! style="width: 90px; " |Near-back
! style="width: 90px; " |Back
|-
! style="" |Close
|
|
|
|
|
|-
! style="" |Near-close
|
|
|
|
|
|-
! style="" |Close-mid
|
|
|
|
|
|-
! style="" |Mid
|
|
|
|
|
|-
! style="" |Open-mid
|
|
|
|
|
|-
! style="" |Near-open
|
|
|
|
|
|-
! style="" |Open
|
|
|
|
|
|}


===Phonotactics===


==Basic grammar==
Hano can be very agglutinating in its verbs, but less so of adjectives and nouns. It's possible for a sentence to consist of either words with high degree of inflection or words that haven't been inflectled at all, depending on the number, tense etc..

===Noun classes===
Hano includes three grammatical numbers: singular, dual and plural, of which dual exists only in personal pronouns. It has three noun classes: concrete animate, concrete inanimate and abstract. All nouns are plural by default and the singular is marked by adding a suffix to the end of the noun. They are ''-is'' for concrete animate, ''-ic'' for concrete inanimate and ''-ip'' for abstract (for example ''kiál'' means "birds" and ''kiális'' means "a bird"). Words, such as "water", "time" and other material and uncountable nouns of the concrete inanimate and abstract noun classes can be given the singular suffix to denote a small amount. For example "some water" would be ''Gashéic'' in Hano and "a moment" ''Mí'cip'' (could be expressed as "a piece of time")

===Verbs===
In the Hano language verb stems form the core of the verb and suffixes are added to the verb to denote different grammatical functions. Their place within the verb depends on the tense and other suffixes and there is much variation.

There are five tenses, which are future, present, preterite, aorist and perfect. Aorist is used when talking about some already occured event, that's either unique or otherwise special. For example ''T'aétáska'', which uses aorist, means "I swam" (only time doing so or for the first time), while ''Yentás'ka'' means "I swam" (several times before and/or after), as it's preterite. Present isn't marked with an affix while others are.
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 150px; text-align:center;"
!Future
|Me'í
|-
!Present
| -
|-
!Preterite
| Yen
|-
!Aorist
| T'aé
|-
!Perfect
| Qo
|}

There are four grammatical persons: 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th, all of which have got singular, dual and plural forms. 4th person is used when referring to the target of 3rd person's actions: compare ''Yenmálka sán'', which means "I saw her/him" and ''Yenmálksá seik'', which means "she/he saw her/him".

They are as follows:
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 150px; text-align:center;"
!||sg.||dl.||pl
|-
!1st
| A/Aś||At/As||Át/Áś
|-
!2nd
| E/Ell||Et/Éll||Ét/Ét
|-
!3rd
| Sá/Sáŋ||Sat/Saw||Sát/Sall
|-
!4th
| Sé/Seik||Set/Si'ek||Sét/Se'ek
|}

There are two forms of each pronoun. The first ones are used to indicate the agent of the sentence and the latter ones to indicate the patient and, furthermore, when only a pronoun is needed to convey the meaning. The agent pronouns are added to the verb and cannot be on their own. The place of the pronoun depends on the other affixes of the word. In the present tense it's always initial: '''''A'''tás'k'' = "I swim". But in other tenses it's usually the final one and the tense marker is the first: ''Yentás'k'''a''''' = "I swam". It's optional to omit the agent pronoun if the subject of the sentence is something other than a personal pronoun, ie. one can say either ''Tás'k kiál'' or ''Sáttás'k kiál'' for "The birds swim".

Negation is formed by adding the suffix -yé before the verb stem. The tense and question markers and the person are placed after the verb stem in the order ''tense marker-question-person''. Compare ''Kweyentáská'' "Did I swim?" and ''Yétáskyenkweá'' "Didn't I swim?"

==Vocabulary==

{{Kinship
|PaternalGrandMother=
|PaternalGrandFather=
|MaternalGrandMother=
|MaternalGrandFather=
|PaternalAuntsHusband=
|PaternalAunt=
|PaternalUnclesWife=
|PaternalUncle=
|Father=
|Mother=
|PaternalTwinUnclesWife=
|PaternalTwinUncle=
|PaternalYoungerUnclesWife=
|PaternalYoungerUncle=
|PaternalOlderUnclesWife=
|PaternalOlderUncle=
|PaternalTwinAuntsHusband=
|PaternalTwinAunt=
|PaternalYoungerAuntsHusband=
|PaternalYoungerAunt=
|PaternalOlderAuntsHusband=
|PaternalOlderAunt=
|MaternalTwinUnclesWife=
|MaternalTwinUncle=
|MaternalYoungerUnclesWife=
|MaternalYoungerUncle=
|MaternalOlderUnclesWife=
|MaternalOlderUncle=
|MaternalTwinAuntsHusband=
|MaternalTwinAunt=
|MaternalYoungerAuntsHusband=
|MaternalYoungerAunt=
|MaternalOlderAuntsHusband=
|MaternalOlderAunt=
|PaternalTwinUnclesSon=
|PaternalTwinUnclesDaughter=
|PaternalYoungerUnclesSon=
|PaternalYoungerUnclesDaughter=
|PaternalOlderUnclesSon=
|PaternalOlderUnclesDaughter=
|PaternalTwinAuntsSon=
|PaternalTwinAuntsDaughter=
|PaternalYoungerAuntsSon=
|PaternalYoungerAuntsDaughter=
|PaternalOlderAuntsSon=
|PaternalOlderAuntsDaughter=
|MaternalTwinUnclesSon=
|MaternalTwinUnclesDaughter=
|MaternalYoungerUnclesSon=
|MaternalYoungerUnclesDaughter=
|MaternalOlderUnclesSon=
|MaternalOlderUnclesDaughter=
|MaternalTwinAuntsSon=
|MaternalTwinAuntsDaughter=
|MaternalYoungerAuntsSon=
|MaternalYoungerAuntsDaughter=
|MaternalOlderAuntsSon=
|MaternalOlderAuntsDaughter=
|Sister=
|Self=
|Husband=
|Wife=
|LittleSister=
|TwinSister=
|BigSister=
|BigBrother=
|TwinBrother=
|LittleBrother=
|LittleSistersHusband=
|TwinSistersHusband=
|BigSistersHusband=
|BigBrothersWife=
|TwinBrothersWife=
|LittleBrothersWife=
|MaternalAuntsSon=
|MaternalAuntsDaughter=
|MaternalUnclesSon=
|MaternalUnclesDaughter=
|HusbandSon=
|HusbandDaughter=
|WifeSon=
|WifeDaughter=
|TwinSisterNiece=
|TwinSisterNephew=
|LittleSisterNiece=
|LittleSisterNephew=
|BigSisterNiece=
|BigSisterNephew=
|TwinBrotherNiece=
|TwinBrotherNephew=
|LittleBrotherNiece=
|LittleBrotherNephew=
|BigBrotherNiece=
|BigBrotherNephew=
}}

==Swadesh list==

{{Swadesh
|language=
|nativename=
|I=
|you (singular)=
|he=
|we=
|you (plural)=
|they=
|this=
|that=
|here=
|there=
|who=
|what=
|where=
|when=
|how=
|not=
|all=
|many=
|some=
|few=
|other=
|one=
|two=
|three=
|four=
|five=
|big=
|long=
|wide=
|thick=
|heavy=
|small=
|short=
|narrow=
|thin=
|woman=
|man (adult male)=
|Man (human being)=
|child=
|wife=
|husband=
|mother=
|father=
|animal=
|fish=
|bird=
|dog=
|louse=
|snake=
|worm=
|tree=
|forest=
|stick=
|fruit=
|seed=
|leaf=
|root=
|bark=
|flower=
|grass=
|rope=
|skin=
|meat=
|blood=
|bone=
|fat (n.)=
|egg=
|horn=
|tail=
|feather=
|hair=
|head=
|ear=
|eye=
|nose=
|mouth=
|tooth=
|tongue=
|fingernail=
|foot=
|leg=
|knee=
|hand=
|wing=
|belly=
|guts=
|neck=
|back=
|breast=
|heart=
|liver=
|drink=
|eat=
|bite=
|suck=
|spit=
|vomit=
|blow=
|breathe=
|laugh=
|see=
|hear=
|know=
|think=
|smell=
|fear=
|sleep=
|live=
|die=
|kill=
|fight=
|hunt=
|hit=
|cut=
|split=
|stab=
|scratch=
|dig=
|swim=
|fly (v.)=
|walk=
|come=
|lie=
|sit=
|stand=
|turn=
|fall=
|give=
|hold=
|squeeze=
|rub=
|wash=
|wipe=
|pull=
|push=
|throw=
|tie=
|sew=
|count=
|say=
|sing=
|play=
|float=
|flow=
|freeze=
|swell=
|sun=
|moon=
|star=
|water=
|rain=
|river=
|lake=
|sea=
|salt=
|stone=
|sand=
|dust=
|earth=
|cloud=
|fog=
|sky=
|wind=
|snow=
|ice=
|smoke=
|fire=
|ashes=
|burn=
|road=
|mountain=
|red=
|green=
|yellow=
|white=
|black=
|night=
|day=
|year=
|warm=
|cold=
|full=
|new=
|old=
|good=
|bad=
|rotten=
|dirty=
|straight=
|round=
|sharp=
|dull=
|smooth=
|wet=
|dry=
|correct=
|near=
|far=
|right=
|left=
|at=
|in=
|with=
|and=
|if=
|because=
|name=}}

==Example texts==
''Kweyenká'hc'aet sascha'm ké'énic ám?''

Didn't you two give it to me yesterday?
[[Category:Conlangs]]

<noinclude>
[[Category:Templates]]
</noinclude>

Hano

2012-11-14T19:42:51Z

Vee:

{{NewArrival|2012|09|26|08:38}}


{{ClassMeter

| Name = Hano
| NativeName = Hánokacip
| Type = Agglutinative/Polysynthetic
| Alignment = Ergative

|adjective = Yes
|adposition = No
|adverb = Yes
|article = No
|relativeclause = No
|nounclause = No
|order = VSO
| Tonal = No
| Declensions = Yes
| Conjugations = No
| Genders = 3
| Nouns decline according to...
| Case = Yes
| Number = No
| Definiteness = No
| Gender = Yes
| Verbs conjugate according to...
| Voice = Yes
| Mood = Yes
| Person = Yes
| Number = No
| Tense = Yes
| Aspect = No
To what degree, from 0 to 100 where 100 is fully completed, is the respective part completed?
|Phonology = 0
|NounCases = 0
|NounDef = 0
|NounNumbers = 0
|NounGender = 0
|VerbPerson = 0
|VerbNumber = 0
|VerbAspect = 0
|VerbTense = 0
|VerbMood = 0
|VerbVoice = 0
|AdjCase = 0
|AdjNumber = 0
|AdjDef = 0
|AdjGen = 0
|AdjComparative = 0
|AdjSuperlative = 0
|AdjGen = 0
|Supine = 0
|Gerund = 0
|Participle = 0
|Infinitive = 0
|Modality = 0
|Words =
}}

==Introduction==
This is my third conlang and the first I've actually begun to develope. It, like all my other conlangs, is inspired by my native language Finnish and Native American languages, especially those of Pacific Northwest.
==General information==
Hano language is a language isolate spoken by the Hano people of Hano archipelago.

==Phonology==
===Consonants===
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="wikitable article-table" style="width: 884px; text-align:center;"
! style="width: 68px; "|
! style="width: 68px; " |Bilabial
! style="width: 68px; " |Labio-dental
! style="width: 68px; " |Dental
! style="width: 68px; " |Alveolar
! style="width: 68px; " |Post-alveolar
! style="width: 68px; " |Retroflex
! style="width: 68px; " |Palatal
! style="width: 68px; " |Velar
! style="width: 68px; " |Uvular
! style="width: 68px; " |Pharyngeal
! style="width: 68px; " |Epiglottal
! style="width: 68px; " |Glottal
|-
! style="" |Nasal
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
! style="" |Plosive
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
! style="" |Fricative
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
! style="" |Affricate
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
! style="" |Approximant
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
! style="" |Trill
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
! style="" |Flap or tap
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
! style="" |Lateral fric.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
! style="" |Lateral app.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
! style="" |Lateral flap
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|}

===Vowels===
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="wikitable article-table" style="width: 540px; text-align:center;"
! style="width: 90px; "|
! style="width: 90px; " |Front
! style="width: 90px; " |Near-front
! style="width: 90px; " |Central
! style="width: 90px; " |Near-back
! style="width: 90px; " |Back
|-
! style="" |Close
|
|
|
|
|
|-
! style="" |Near-close
|
|
|
|
|
|-
! style="" |Close-mid
|
|
|
|
|
|-
! style="" |Mid
|
|
|
|
|
|-
! style="" |Open-mid
|
|
|
|
|
|-
! style="" |Near-open
|
|
|
|
|
|-
! style="" |Open
|
|
|
|
|
|}


===Phonotactics===


==Basic grammar==
Hano can be very agglutinating in its verbs, but less so of adjectives and nouns. It's possible for a sentence to consist of either words with high degree of inflection or words that haven't been inflectled at all, depending on the number, tense etc..

===Noun classes===
Hano includes three grammatical numbers: singular, dual and plural, of which dual exists only in personal pronouns. It has three noun classes: concrete animate, concrete inanimate and abstract. All nouns are plural by default and the singular is marked by adding a suffix to the end of the noun. They are ''-is'' for concrete animate, ''-ic'' for concrete inanimate and ''-ip'' for abstract (for example ''kiál'' means "birds" and ''kiális'' means "a bird"). Words, such as "water", "time" and other material and uncountable nouns of the concrete inanimate and abstract noun classes can be given the singular suffix to denote a small amount. For example "some water" would be ''Gashéic'' in Hano and "a moment" ''Mí'cip'' (could be expressed as "a piece of time")

===Verbs===
In the Hano language verb stems form the core of the verb and suffixes are added to the verb to denote different grammatical functions. Their place within the verb depends on other suffixes and there is much variation.

There are five tenses, which are future, present, preterite, aorist and perfect. Aorist is used when talking about some already occured event, that's either unique or otherwise special. For example ''T'aétáska'', which uses aorist, means "I swam" (only time doing so or for the first time), while ''Yentás'ka'' means "I swam" (several times before and/or after), as it's preterite. Present isn't marked with an affix while others are.
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 150px; text-align:center;"
!Future
|Me'í
|-
!Present
| -
|-
!Preterite
| Yen
|-
!Aorist
| T'aé
|-
!Perfect
| Qo
|}

There are four grammatical persons: 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th, all of which have got singular, dual and plural forms. 4th person is used when referring to the target of 3rd person's actions: compare ''Yenmálka sán'', which means "I saw her/him" and ''Yenmálksá seik'', which means "she/he saw her/him".

They are as follows:
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 150px; text-align:center;"
!||sg.||dl.||pl
|-
!1st
| A/Aś||At/As||Át/Áś
|-
!2nd
| E/Ell||Et/Éll||Ét/Ét
|-
!3rd
| Sá/Sáŋ||Sat/Saw||Sát/Sall
|-
!4th
| Sé/Seik||Set/Si'ek||Sét/Se'ek
|}

There are two forms of each pronoun. The first ones are used to indicate the agent of the sentence and the latter ones to indicate the patient and, furthermore, when only a pronoun is needed to convey the meaning. The agent pronouns are added to the verb and cannot be on their own. The place of the pronoun depends on the other affixes of the word. In the present tense it's always initial: '''''A'''tás'k'' = "I swim". But in other tenses it's usually the final one and the tense marker is the first: ''Yentás'k'''a''''' = "I swam". It's optional to omit the agent pronoun if the subject of the sentence is something other than a personal pronoun, ie. one can say either ''Tás'k kiál'' or ''Sáttás'k kiál'' for "The birds swim".

Negation is formed by adding the suffix -yé before the verb stem. The tense and question markers and the person are placed after the verb stem in the order ''tense marker-question-person''. Compare ''Kweyentáská'' "Did I swim?" and ''Yétáskyenkweá'' "Didn't I swim?"

==Vocabulary==

{{Kinship
|PaternalGrandMother=
|PaternalGrandFather=
|MaternalGrandMother=
|MaternalGrandFather=
|PaternalAuntsHusband=
|PaternalAunt=
|PaternalUnclesWife=
|PaternalUncle=
|Father=
|Mother=
|PaternalTwinUnclesWife=
|PaternalTwinUncle=
|PaternalYoungerUnclesWife=
|PaternalYoungerUncle=
|PaternalOlderUnclesWife=
|PaternalOlderUncle=
|PaternalTwinAuntsHusband=
|PaternalTwinAunt=
|PaternalYoungerAuntsHusband=
|PaternalYoungerAunt=
|PaternalOlderAuntsHusband=
|PaternalOlderAunt=
|MaternalTwinUnclesWife=
|MaternalTwinUncle=
|MaternalYoungerUnclesWife=
|MaternalYoungerUncle=
|MaternalOlderUnclesWife=
|MaternalOlderUncle=
|MaternalTwinAuntsHusband=
|MaternalTwinAunt=
|MaternalYoungerAuntsHusband=
|MaternalYoungerAunt=
|MaternalOlderAuntsHusband=
|MaternalOlderAunt=
|PaternalTwinUnclesSon=
|PaternalTwinUnclesDaughter=
|PaternalYoungerUnclesSon=
|PaternalYoungerUnclesDaughter=
|PaternalOlderUnclesSon=
|PaternalOlderUnclesDaughter=
|PaternalTwinAuntsSon=
|PaternalTwinAuntsDaughter=
|PaternalYoungerAuntsSon=
|PaternalYoungerAuntsDaughter=
|PaternalOlderAuntsSon=
|PaternalOlderAuntsDaughter=
|MaternalTwinUnclesSon=
|MaternalTwinUnclesDaughter=
|MaternalYoungerUnclesSon=
|MaternalYoungerUnclesDaughter=
|MaternalOlderUnclesSon=
|MaternalOlderUnclesDaughter=
|MaternalTwinAuntsSon=
|MaternalTwinAuntsDaughter=
|MaternalYoungerAuntsSon=
|MaternalYoungerAuntsDaughter=
|MaternalOlderAuntsSon=
|MaternalOlderAuntsDaughter=
|Sister=
|Self=
|Husband=
|Wife=
|LittleSister=
|TwinSister=
|BigSister=
|BigBrother=
|TwinBrother=
|LittleBrother=
|LittleSistersHusband=
|TwinSistersHusband=
|BigSistersHusband=
|BigBrothersWife=
|TwinBrothersWife=
|LittleBrothersWife=
|MaternalAuntsSon=
|MaternalAuntsDaughter=
|MaternalUnclesSon=
|MaternalUnclesDaughter=
|HusbandSon=
|HusbandDaughter=
|WifeSon=
|WifeDaughter=
|TwinSisterNiece=
|TwinSisterNephew=
|LittleSisterNiece=
|LittleSisterNephew=
|BigSisterNiece=
|BigSisterNephew=
|TwinBrotherNiece=
|TwinBrotherNephew=
|LittleBrotherNiece=
|LittleBrotherNephew=
|BigBrotherNiece=
|BigBrotherNephew=
}}

==Swadesh list==

{{Swadesh
|language=
|nativename=
|I=
|you (singular)=
|he=
|we=
|you (plural)=
|they=
|this=
|that=
|here=
|there=
|who=
|what=
|where=
|when=
|how=
|not=
|all=
|many=
|some=
|few=
|other=
|one=
|two=
|three=
|four=
|five=
|big=
|long=
|wide=
|thick=
|heavy=
|small=
|short=
|narrow=
|thin=
|woman=
|man (adult male)=
|Man (human being)=
|child=
|wife=
|husband=
|mother=
|father=
|animal=
|fish=
|bird=
|dog=
|louse=
|snake=
|worm=
|tree=
|forest=
|stick=
|fruit=
|seed=
|leaf=
|root=
|bark=
|flower=
|grass=
|rope=
|skin=
|meat=
|blood=
|bone=
|fat (n.)=
|egg=
|horn=
|tail=
|feather=
|hair=
|head=
|ear=
|eye=
|nose=
|mouth=
|tooth=
|tongue=
|fingernail=
|foot=
|leg=
|knee=
|hand=
|wing=
|belly=
|guts=
|neck=
|back=
|breast=
|heart=
|liver=
|drink=
|eat=
|bite=
|suck=
|spit=
|vomit=
|blow=
|breathe=
|laugh=
|see=
|hear=
|know=
|think=
|smell=
|fear=
|sleep=
|live=
|die=
|kill=
|fight=
|hunt=
|hit=
|cut=
|split=
|stab=
|scratch=
|dig=
|swim=
|fly (v.)=
|walk=
|come=
|lie=
|sit=
|stand=
|turn=
|fall=
|give=
|hold=
|squeeze=
|rub=
|wash=
|wipe=
|pull=
|push=
|throw=
|tie=
|sew=
|count=
|say=
|sing=
|play=
|float=
|flow=
|freeze=
|swell=
|sun=
|moon=
|star=
|water=
|rain=
|river=
|lake=
|sea=
|salt=
|stone=
|sand=
|dust=
|earth=
|cloud=
|fog=
|sky=
|wind=
|snow=
|ice=
|smoke=
|fire=
|ashes=
|burn=
|road=
|mountain=
|red=
|green=
|yellow=
|white=
|black=
|night=
|day=
|year=
|warm=
|cold=
|full=
|new=
|old=
|good=
|bad=
|rotten=
|dirty=
|straight=
|round=
|sharp=
|dull=
|smooth=
|wet=
|dry=
|correct=
|near=
|far=
|right=
|left=
|at=
|in=
|with=
|and=
|if=
|because=
|name=}}

==Example texts==
''Kweyenká'hc'aet sascha'm ké'énic ám?''

Didn't you two give it to me yesterday?
[[Category:Conlangs]]

<noinclude>
[[Category:Templates]]
</noinclude>

Hano

2012-10-15T19:48:20Z

Vee: /* Verbs */

{{NewArrival|2012|09|26|08:38}}


{{ClassMeter

| Name = Hano
| NativeName = Hánokacip
| Type = Agglutinative/Polysynthetic
| Alignment = Ergative

|adjective = Yes
|adposition = No
|adverb = Yes
|article = No
|relativeclause = No
|nounclause = No
|order = VSO
| Tonal = No
| Declensions = Yes
| Conjugations = No
| Genders = 3
| Nouns decline according to...
| Case = Yes
| Number = No
| Definiteness = No
| Gender = Yes
| Verbs conjugate according to...
| Voice = Yes
| Mood = Yes
| Person = Yes
| Number = No
| Tense = Yes
| Aspect = No
To what degree, from 0 to 100 where 100 is fully completed, is the respective part completed?
|Phonology = 0
|NounCases = 0
|NounDef = 0
|NounNumbers = 0
|NounGender = 0
|VerbPerson = 0
|VerbNumber = 0
|VerbAspect = 0
|VerbTense = 0
|VerbMood = 0
|VerbVoice = 0
|AdjCase = 0
|AdjNumber = 0
|AdjDef = 0
|AdjGen = 0
|AdjComparative = 0
|AdjSuperlative = 0
|AdjGen = 0
|Supine = 0
|Gerund = 0
|Participle = 0
|Infinitive = 0
|Modality = 0
|Words =
}}

==Introduction==
This is my third conlang and the first I've actually begun to develope. It, like all my other conlangs, is inspired by my native language Finnish and Native American languages, especially those of Pacific Northwest.
==General information==
Hano language is a language isolate spoken by the Hano people of Hano archipelago.

==Phonology==
===Consonants===
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="wikitable article-table" style="width: 884px; text-align:center;"
! style="width: 68px; "|
! style="width: 68px; " |Bilabial
! style="width: 68px; " |Labio-dental
! style="width: 68px; " |Dental
! style="width: 68px; " |Alveolar
! style="width: 68px; " |Post-alveolar
! style="width: 68px; " |Retroflex
! style="width: 68px; " |Palatal
! style="width: 68px; " |Velar
! style="width: 68px; " |Uvular
! style="width: 68px; " |Pharyngeal
! style="width: 68px; " |Epiglottal
! style="width: 68px; " |Glottal
|-
! style="" |Nasal
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
! style="" |Plosive
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
! style="" |Fricative
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
! style="" |Affricate
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
! style="" |Approximant
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
! style="" |Trill
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
! style="" |Flap or tap
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
! style="" |Lateral fric.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
! style="" |Lateral app.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
! style="" |Lateral flap
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|}

===Vowels===
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="wikitable article-table" style="width: 540px; text-align:center;"
! style="width: 90px; "|
! style="width: 90px; " |Front
! style="width: 90px; " |Near-front
! style="width: 90px; " |Central
! style="width: 90px; " |Near-back
! style="width: 90px; " |Back
|-
! style="" |Close
|
|
|
|
|
|-
! style="" |Near-close
|
|
|
|
|
|-
! style="" |Close-mid
|
|
|
|
|
|-
! style="" |Mid
|
|
|
|
|
|-
! style="" |Open-mid
|
|
|
|
|
|-
! style="" |Near-open
|
|
|
|
|
|-
! style="" |Open
|
|
|
|
|
|}


===Phonotactics===


==Basic grammar==
Hano can be very agglutinating in its verbs, but less so of adjectives and nouns. It's possible for a sentence to consist of either words with high degree of inflection or words that haven't been inflectled at all, depending on the number, tense etc..

===Noun classes===
Hano includes three grammatical numbers: singular, dual and plural, of which dual exists only in personal pronouns. It has three noun classes: concrete animate, concrete inanimate and abstract. All nouns are plural by default and the singular is marked by adding a suffix to the end of the noun. They are ''-is'' for concrete animate, ''-ic'' for concrete inanimate and ''-ip'' for abstract (for example ''kiál'' means "birds" and ''kiális'' means "a bird"). Words, such as "water", "time" and other material and uncountable nouns of the concrete inanimate and abstract noun classes can be given the singular suffix to denote a small amount. For example "some water" would be ''Gashéic'' in Hano and "a moment" ''Mí'cip'' (could be expressed as "a piece of time")

===Verbs===
There are five tenses, which are future, present, preterite, aorist and perfect. Aorist is used when talking about some already occured event, that's either unique or otherwise special. For example ''T'aétáska'', which uses aorist, means "I swam" (only time doing so or for the first time), while ''Yentás'ka'' means "I swam" (several times before and/or after), as it's preterite. Present isn't marked with an affix while others are.
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 150px; text-align:center;"
!Future
|Me'í
|-
!Present
| -
|-
!Preterite
| Yen
|-
!Aorist
| T'aé
|-
!Perfect
| Qo
|}

There are four grammatical persons: 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th, all of which have got singular, dual and plural forms. 4th person is used when referring to the target of 3rd person's actions: compare ''Yenmálka sán'', which means "I saw her/him" and ''Yenmálksá seik'', which means "she/he saw her/him".

They are as follows:
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 150px; text-align:center;"
!||sg.||dl.||pl
|-
!1st
| A/Aś||At/As||Át/Áś
|-
!2nd
| E/Ell||Et/Éll||Ét/Ét
|-
!3rd
| Sá/Sáŋ||Sat/Saw||Sát/Sall
|-
!4th
| Sé/Seik||Set/Si'ek||Sét/Se'ek
|}

There are two forms of each pronoun. The first ones are used to indicate the agent of the sentence and the latter ones to indicate the patient and, furthermore, when only a pronoun is needed to convey the meaning. The agent pronouns are added to the verb and cannot be on their own. The place of the pronoun depends on the other affixes of the word. In the present tense it's always initial: '''''A'''tás'k'' = "I swim". But in other tenses it's usually the final one and the tense marker is the first: ''Yentás'k'''a''''' = "I swam". It's optional to omit the agent pronoun if the subject of the sentence is something other than a personal pronoun, ie. one can say either ''Tás'k kiál'' or ''Sáttás'k kiál'' for "The birds swim".

==Vocabulary==

{{Kinship
|PaternalGrandMother=
|PaternalGrandFather=
|MaternalGrandMother=
|MaternalGrandFather=
|PaternalAuntsHusband=
|PaternalAunt=
|PaternalUnclesWife=
|PaternalUncle=
|Father=
|Mother=
|PaternalTwinUnclesWife=
|PaternalTwinUncle=
|PaternalYoungerUnclesWife=
|PaternalYoungerUncle=
|PaternalOlderUnclesWife=
|PaternalOlderUncle=
|PaternalTwinAuntsHusband=
|PaternalTwinAunt=
|PaternalYoungerAuntsHusband=
|PaternalYoungerAunt=
|PaternalOlderAuntsHusband=
|PaternalOlderAunt=
|MaternalTwinUnclesWife=
|MaternalTwinUncle=
|MaternalYoungerUnclesWife=
|MaternalYoungerUncle=
|MaternalOlderUnclesWife=
|MaternalOlderUncle=
|MaternalTwinAuntsHusband=
|MaternalTwinAunt=
|MaternalYoungerAuntsHusband=
|MaternalYoungerAunt=
|MaternalOlderAuntsHusband=
|MaternalOlderAunt=
|PaternalTwinUnclesSon=
|PaternalTwinUnclesDaughter=
|PaternalYoungerUnclesSon=
|PaternalYoungerUnclesDaughter=
|PaternalOlderUnclesSon=
|PaternalOlderUnclesDaughter=
|PaternalTwinAuntsSon=
|PaternalTwinAuntsDaughter=
|PaternalYoungerAuntsSon=
|PaternalYoungerAuntsDaughter=
|PaternalOlderAuntsSon=
|PaternalOlderAuntsDaughter=
|MaternalTwinUnclesSon=
|MaternalTwinUnclesDaughter=
|MaternalYoungerUnclesSon=
|MaternalYoungerUnclesDaughter=
|MaternalOlderUnclesSon=
|MaternalOlderUnclesDaughter=
|MaternalTwinAuntsSon=
|MaternalTwinAuntsDaughter=
|MaternalYoungerAuntsSon=
|MaternalYoungerAuntsDaughter=
|MaternalOlderAuntsSon=
|MaternalOlderAuntsDaughter=
|Sister=
|Self=
|Husband=
|Wife=
|LittleSister=
|TwinSister=
|BigSister=
|BigBrother=
|TwinBrother=
|LittleBrother=
|LittleSistersHusband=
|TwinSistersHusband=
|BigSistersHusband=
|BigBrothersWife=
|TwinBrothersWife=
|LittleBrothersWife=
|MaternalAuntsSon=
|MaternalAuntsDaughter=
|MaternalUnclesSon=
|MaternalUnclesDaughter=
|HusbandSon=
|HusbandDaughter=
|WifeSon=
|WifeDaughter=
|TwinSisterNiece=
|TwinSisterNephew=
|LittleSisterNiece=
|LittleSisterNephew=
|BigSisterNiece=
|BigSisterNephew=
|TwinBrotherNiece=
|TwinBrotherNephew=
|LittleBrotherNiece=
|LittleBrotherNephew=
|BigBrotherNiece=
|BigBrotherNephew=
}}

==Swadesh list==

{{Swadesh
|language=
|nativename=
|I=
|you (singular)=
|he=
|we=
|you (plural)=
|they=
|this=
|that=
|here=
|there=
|who=
|what=
|where=
|when=
|how=
|not=
|all=
|many=
|some=
|few=
|other=
|one=
|two=
|three=
|four=
|five=
|big=
|long=
|wide=
|thick=
|heavy=
|small=
|short=
|narrow=
|thin=
|woman=
|man (adult male)=
|Man (human being)=
|child=
|wife=
|husband=
|mother=
|father=
|animal=
|fish=
|bird=
|dog=
|louse=
|snake=
|worm=
|tree=
|forest=
|stick=
|fruit=
|seed=
|leaf=
|root=
|bark=
|flower=
|grass=
|rope=
|skin=
|meat=
|blood=
|bone=
|fat (n.)=
|egg=
|horn=
|tail=
|feather=
|hair=
|head=
|ear=
|eye=
|nose=
|mouth=
|tooth=
|tongue=
|fingernail=
|foot=
|leg=
|knee=
|hand=
|wing=
|belly=
|guts=
|neck=
|back=
|breast=
|heart=
|liver=
|drink=
|eat=
|bite=
|suck=
|spit=
|vomit=
|blow=
|breathe=
|laugh=
|see=
|hear=
|know=
|think=
|smell=
|fear=
|sleep=
|live=
|die=
|kill=
|fight=
|hunt=
|hit=
|cut=
|split=
|stab=
|scratch=
|dig=
|swim=
|fly (v.)=
|walk=
|come=
|lie=
|sit=
|stand=
|turn=
|fall=
|give=
|hold=
|squeeze=
|rub=
|wash=
|wipe=
|pull=
|push=
|throw=
|tie=
|sew=
|count=
|say=
|sing=
|play=
|float=
|flow=
|freeze=
|swell=
|sun=
|moon=
|star=
|water=
|rain=
|river=
|lake=
|sea=
|salt=
|stone=
|sand=
|dust=
|earth=
|cloud=
|fog=
|sky=
|wind=
|snow=
|ice=
|smoke=
|fire=
|ashes=
|burn=
|road=
|mountain=
|red=
|green=
|yellow=
|white=
|black=
|night=
|day=
|year=
|warm=
|cold=
|full=
|new=
|old=
|good=
|bad=
|rotten=
|dirty=
|straight=
|round=
|sharp=
|dull=
|smooth=
|wet=
|dry=
|correct=
|near=
|far=
|right=
|left=
|at=
|in=
|with=
|and=
|if=
|because=
|name=}}

==Example texts==
''Kweyenká'hc'aet sascha'm ké'énic ám?''

Didn't you two give it to me yesterday?
[[Category:Conlangs]]

<noinclude>
[[Category:Templates]]
</noinclude>