User:Webcloud

2023-12-10T01:42:01Z

Webcloud: rmv

Fruwi

2023-12-10T01:02:45Z

Webcloud: More morphology - update

{{Infobox language
|name = Fruwi
|nativename = oñ Fruwi
|pronunciation = õɴ.ɸr̊ᵝůᵝ.wʷiʷ
|pronunciation_key = IPA for Fruwi
|created = 2022
|familycolor = Fruwi-Poresa
|ancestor1 = Early Proto-Fruwi
|ancestor2 = Late Proto-Fruwi
|creator = Webcloud
|dia1 = Sontrai Ban
|dia2 = Sontrai Tun
|dia3 = Haishi Ban
|dia4 = Haishi Tun
|stand1 = Standard Fruwi
|script1 = Latn
|notice = IPA
}}



==Introduction==

Fruwi is a engineered non-naturalistic a-priori constructed language, that tries to be logical at times.
The language has two main dialects, Haishi and Sontrai. The Haishi dialects may seem easier to humans or much easier to english speakers, because of the base-10 number system, lack of conjugation, and more english-like phonology, though this is a coincidence.

Fruwi is a [https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Sapirs-morphological-classification-of-languages_tbl1_344321331 agglutinative analytic] language, because while verbs may be aggluutinative, and while nouns have one suffix for plurals, the syntax generally has many unbound morphemes. Though the Haishi dialects are more isolating, they are still agglutinative and analytic.
Its allignment is [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Active%E2%80%93stative_alignment active-stative].
Its word order is either SVO or SOV. While SVO is used informally, SOV is used formally.
The head direction is mixed. While the heading of both adpositional and verb phrases is [to do].
===Creation===
I created a language called ol fruwi (sic); which now with a few adjustments has become Proto-Fruwi, in mid 2022. An early version of Fruwi, Standard, then known as oñ Fruwi was published to Conlang Fandom Early 2023.
===Type===
It is a sort of engineered conlang without worldbuilding.
The language is not supposed to be naturalistic, and will veer from most major languages many times.
It is an a-priori language, meaning it does not specifically take any vocabulary from any real life languages, though this is partly false, because it has a second lexicon that has only words borrowed from real languages.
==Evolution==
[[File:Fruwi_Evolution_Tree.png|250px|thumb|left|Tree of the Evolution of Fruwi, starting from Early Proto-Fruwi]]
Early-Proto Fruwi also is made up of 7-Pre fruwi languages, not shown in the image.
The arrows indicate that the languages were not evolved from the language on the other side of the arrow, but have been affected in some way, like borrowing a large amount of vocabulary, or affecting sound changes, or even affecting the name.
===Etymology===
The name of the language Fruwi, comes from Late Proto-Fruwi's own name "(ou) fruwis", which was also derived from Early Proto-Fruwi /poresa/. The word poresa presumably came from the 7 Pre-Fruwi Languages.
the languages derived from it have derived names such as Rfuĳ, but Rfwi also was borowed from the name of Fruwi. Other languages, like Russo, got a new name, but languages like Funris-ox was also derived from Late Proto-Fruwi's name.
===Lexicon===
The language has two lexicons, a priori and a posteriori.
The original, and larger lexicon is called: Lexicon a priori, and the words mostly come from Late Proto-Fruwi.
Though there is a Lexicon a posteriori, for words that come from humans, which will be adopted and evolved into every related language except Funris-ox.
The Lexicon a priori is split into two lexicons: Late Lexicon; for words that could have only emerged in Late Proto-Fruwi, and the Early Lexicon; For words that could have emerged in Early Proto-Fruwi. This is because many words in Fruwi & Russo & Funris do not have a syllable structure that could have evolved from Early Proto-Fruwi, but they could have emerged Late Proto-Fruwi. This is not to say the Early Lexicon words all emerged in Early Proto-Fruwi, as they could have emerged earlier or later, and the words in Late Proto-Fruwi could have also emerged later, but obviously not later.
==Phonology==
===Consonants===
{| class="wikitable" style="width: 50em; text-align: center; border-collapse:collapse;"
! colspan="7" | Phonemes or diaphonemes; biggest phonology of all dialects
|-
| Manner -> Place v || Labial || Coronal || Medial ||Palatal || Dorsal || Radical
|-
| Nasal || m || n || || (ɲ) || ŋ ||
|-
| Lenis Stop || p || t || || (c) || k || ʡ
|-
| Fortis Stop || pʰ || tʰ || || (cʰ) || kʰ || ʡ
|-
| Lenis Fricative || ɸ || s || || || χ || ħ
|-
| Fortis Fricative || β || z || || || ʁ || ħ
|-
| Lenis Affricate || || t̆s || t̆ʃ || || ||
|-
| Fortis Affricate || || d̆z || d̆ʒ || || ||
|-
| Trill || || r || || || ||
|-
| Approximant || ʷ || || (ɹ̠ʲ) || j || w ||
|-
| Lateral Approximant || || l || || (ʎ) || (ʟ) ||
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="width: 50em; text-align: center; border-collapse:collapse;"
! colspan="7" | Transcribers
|-
| Manner -> Place v || Labial || Coronal || Medial ||Palatal || Dorsal || Radical
|-
| Special Lenis Stop || b || d || || (ɟ) || g ||
|-
| Special Fortis Stop || bʰ || dʰ || || (ɟʰ) || gʰ ||
|}
Basic dialectical variation
* Sontrai Ban; Differences from Standard:
** s > θ, z > ð
** t̆ʃ > ʂ, d̆ʒ > ʐ
** χ > x, ʁ > ɣ
* Sontrai Tun; Differences from Standard:
** s > θ, z > ð
** t̆s > s, d̆z > z
** ʡ > k
** χ > x, ʁ > ɣ
** ħ > x, ɣ (depends)
* Haishi Ban; Differences from Standard:
** p, t, k > b, d, g
** TRANSCRIBERS: b, d, g > p, t, k
** ɸ > f , β > v
** t̆ʃ > ʃ , d̆ʒ > ʒ
** χ, ʁ, ʡ, ħ > x
* Haishi Tun; Differences from Standard:
** p, t, k > b̥, d̥, g̊
** ɸ > f , β > v
** t̆ʃ > ʃ , d̆ʒ > ʒ
** t̆s > t̆ʃ, d̆z > d̆ʒ
** χ, ʁ, ʡ, ħ > ɣ

===Vowels===
{| class="wikitable" style="width: 50em; text-align: center; border-collapse:collapse;"
! colspan="6" | Standard Fruwi Phonemes and Diaphonemes
|-
| Placement || Front || Center || Back
|-
| High || i || || u
|-
| Mid || e || ə || o
|-
| Low || || a ||
|}
* ae, ao, ai, au, ʌi, ʌu, ei, eu, oi, ou are the only possible diphthongs 
{| class="wikitable" style="width: 50em; text-align: center; border-collapse:collapse;"
! colspan="17" | Fruwi Vowel Phonemes and Diaphonemes
|-
| Diaphonemes || a || ə || e || o || i || u || ae || ao || ai || au || əi || əu || ei || eu || oi || ou
|-
| Standard || a~ä || ə || e̞ || o̞ || i || u || ɑe || æo || ɑi || æu || ɘi || ɵu || ɛi || ɛu || ɔi || ɔu
|-
| Sontrai Ban || ä || œ || e || o̞ || i || u || äe || äo || äi || äu || œi || œu || ɘi || ɘu || ɔi || ɔu
|-
| Sontrai Tun || a~ä || ɨ || e̞ || o̞ || i || u || äe || ao || äi || au || ɪi || ʊu || ɛi || ɛu || ɔi || ɔu
|-
| Haishi Ban || a~ä || ɑ || e̞ || o̞ || i || u || ɑɛ || äɔ || æi || äu || ɑi || ɑu || ɛi || ɛu || ɔi || ɔu
|-
| Haishi Tun || æ || ʌ || e̞ || o || i || ʉ || ɑe || ao || äi || au || ʌi || ʌu || ei || eu || ɵi || ɵu
|}
===Stress and intonation===
All syllables are pronounced as the same length; there is no Lexical stress. This is similar to French and Georgian.
Though, when prosodic stress is involved, the first syllable of the prosodical word becomes extra stressed.

* The word for what, '''<>''', has a rising intonation /↗︎/,
* Though, if it is the subject of a sentence, everything on from the verb has a falling intonation /↘︎/
* The words for yes and no, '''<>''', both have a falling intonation /↘︎/
* Though, the final "or not", '''<>''', found in yes-no questions, also has a rising intonation /↗︎/
===Phonotactics===
syllable structure is: (C)(C)V(V)(C)(C)
a more specific version is: (CA)V(V)(RC) & GV(V)

A = //w, r, l, j// approximant
R = //r, l//
G = /ʡ, ħ/ radical
C = non-radical, non-approximant Consonants
V = Vowels
//ɸjailm// is CAVVRC, //ħai// is GVV

if the pronounciation is ambigious : then the coda steals the consonant if it is not guttral nor approximant
* /tamlat/:- /tam.lat/ -or /ta.mlat/:- /mam.lat/ is correct
* /talmat/:- /tal.mat/ -or /talm.at/:- /mal.mat/ is correct
* /talmlat/: /tal.mlat/ or /talm.lat/: /talm.lat/ is correct
 
ambigious pronounciation is not ambisyllabic. ambisyllabicity is possibly only when you have one consonant only between vowels 
Syllables starting with glottal consonants may not have codas; ambisyllabic codas (C) are allowed
* banned*: /ħal/ /ħalm/ /ħal.mat/ /ħam/ /ħalm.lat/
* impossible anyways*: /ħaml/ /ħalml/
* ambisyllabic: /ħalat/ /ħamat/
* separate syllable: /ħa.mlat/
===Allophony===
{| class="wikitable"; text-align: center; border-collapse:collapse;"
! colspan="5" | Allophony in Fruwi
|-
|Standard Dialect:
| Sontrai Ban:
| Sontrai Tun:
| Haishi Ban:
| Haishi Tun:
|-
|
* /ŋ, k, kʰ/ → [ɲ, c, cʰ] near /j, i, e/
** /kʰi/ → [cʰi], /ki/ → [ci], /ŋi/ → [ɲĩ]
** /ikʰ/ → [icʰ], /ik/ → [ic], /iŋ/ → [ĩɲ]
** /kʰja/ → [cʰja], /kja/ → [cja], /ŋja/ → [ɲj̃ã]
* /w/ → [ẅ] near /i, e/
* /r/→[ɹ̠ʲ] next to /t̆ʃ, d̆ʒ/
* /l/→[ʎ] near /j, i, e/
* /l/→[ʟ] near /w, u, o/
|
* /ŋ, k, kʰ/ → [ɲ, c, cʰ] near /j, i, e/
** /kʰi/ → [cʰi], /gi/ → [ɟi], /ŋi/ → [ɲĩ]
** /ikʰ/ → [icʰ], /ig/ → [iɟ], /iŋ/ → [ĩɲ]
** /kʰj(V)/ → [cʰj(V)], /gj(V)/ → [ɟj(V)], /ŋj/ → [ɲj̃(Ṽ)]
* /w/ → [ẅ] near /i, e/
* /r/→[ɻ] next to /ʂ, ʐ/
* /l/→[ʎ] near /j, i, e/
* /l/→[ɫ] near /w, u, o/
|
* /ŋ, k, kʰ/ → [ɲ, c, cʰ] near /j, i, e/
** /kʰi/ → [cʰi], /gi/ → [ɟi], /ŋi/ → [ɲĩ]
** /ikʰ/ → [icʰ], /ig/ → [iɟ], /iŋ/ → [ĩɲ]
** /kʰj(V)/ → [cʰj(V)], /gj(V)/ → [ɟj(V)], /ŋj/ → [ɲj̃(Ṽ)]
* /w/ → [ẅ] near /i, e/
* /r/→[ɹ̠ʲ] next to /t̆ʃ, d̆ʒ/
* /l/→[ʎ] near /j, i, e/
* /l/→[ɫ] near /w, u, o/
|
* /ŋ, k, kʰ/ → [ɲ, c, cʰ] near /j, i, e/
** /kʰi/ → [cʰi], /gi/ → [ɟi], /ŋi/ → [ɲĩ]
** /ikʰ/ → [icʰ], /ig/ → [iɟ], /iŋ/ → [ĩɲ]
** /kʰj(V)/ → [cʰj(V)], /gj(V)/ → [ɟj(V)], /ŋj/ → [ɲj̃(Ṽ)]
* /w/ → [ẅ] near /i, e/
* /r/→[ɹ̠ʲ] next to /ʃ, ʒ/
* /l/→[ʎ] near /j, i, e/
* /l/→[ɫ] near /w, u, o/
|
* /ŋ, k, kʰ/ → [ɲ, c, cʰ] near /j, i, e/
** /kʰi/ → [cʰi], /gi/ → [ɟi], /ŋi/ → [ɲĩ]
** /ikʰ/ → [icʰ], /ig/ → [iɟ], /iŋ/ → [ĩɲ]
** /kʰj(V)/ → [cʰj(V)], /gj(V)/ → [ɟj(V)], /ŋj/ → [ɲj̃(Ṽ)]
* /r/→[ɹ̠ʲ] next to /ʃ, ʒ, t̆ʃ, d̆ʒ/
* /l/→[ʎ] near /j, i, e/
* /l/→[o̝] near /w, u, o/
|-
| colspan = "5" |
* /V/→[Ṽ] near /m, n, ŋ/
** /oŋ/→[õŋ], /orŋ/→[õrŋ], /ŋjo/→[ŋjõ]
** but: /oŋtu/→[õŋtu]
* /ŋ/→[ɴ] CODA, except near /j, i, e/
** /oŋ/→[õɴ]
|-
|
* /C, V/→[Cᵝ, Vᵝ] near /m, p, pʰ, ɸ, β/
** /ɸru/→[ɸrᵝuᵝ], but: /ɸruwi/→[ɸrᵝuᵝwi]
* /Vhigh, Approximant/→[Vhighʷ, Aʷ] near /w/, and not already already bilabialized or labiodentalized
** /wi/→[wiʷ], but: /wa/→[wa], /we/→[we], also but: /ɸwi/→[ɸwᵝiᵝ]
* Syllable: /Approximant, Trill, Radical, Vowel/→ same voicing as closest consonant
** /sr/→[sr̊], /zr/→[zr̬], /ɸru/→[ɸr̊ᵝůᵝ]
Notes:
* /V/→[Vᵝ] near /m, p, pʰ, ɸ, β/
** /ɸu/→[ɸuᵝ], /bu/→[buᵝ]
* /V/→[Cᵛ, Vᵛ] near /f, v/
** /fu/→[fɹᵛuᵛ]
* /Vhigh, Approximant/→[Vhighʷ, Aʷ] near /w/, and not already bilabialized or labiodentalized
** /wi/→[wiʷ], but: /wa/→[wa], /we/→[we], also but: /ɸwi/→[ɸwᵝiᵝ], /fwi/→[fwᵛiᵛ],
|
* /C, V/→[Cᵝ, Vᵝ] near /m, p, pʰ, ɸ, β/
** /ɸru/→[ɸrᵝuᵝ], but: /ɸruwi/→[ɸrᵝuᵝwi]
* /Vhigh, Approximant/→[Vhighʷ, Aʷ] near /w/, and not already already bilabialized or labiodentalized
** /wi/→[wiʷ], but: /wa/→[wa], /we/→[we], also but: /ɸwi/→[ɸwᵝiᵝ]
* Syllable: /Approximant, Trill, Radical, Vowel/→ same voicing as closest consonant
** /sr/→[sr̊], /zr/→[zr̬], /ɸru/→[ɸr̊ᵝůᵝ]
|
|
* /C, V/→[Cᵝ, Vᵝ] near /m, b, pʰ/
** /bɹu/→[bɹᵝuᵝ], but: /bɹuwi/→[bɹᵝuᵝwi]
* /C, V/→[Cᵛ, Vᵛ] near /f, v/
** /fɹu/→[fɹᵛuᵛ], but: /fɹuwi/→[fɹᵛuᵛwi]
* /Vhigh, Approximant/→[Vhighʷ, Aʷ] near /w/, and not already bilabialized or labiodentalized
** /wi/→[wiʷ], but: /wa/→[wa], /we/→[we], also but: /fwi/→[fwᵛiᵛ]
* Syllable: /Approximant, Trill, Radical, Vowel/→ same voicing as closest consonant
** /sɹ/→[sɹ̊], /zɹ/→[zɹ̬], /fɹu/→[fɹ̊ᵛůᵛ]
|
|-
| colspan="5" | '''Be careful, rounding is not bilabializing or labiodentalizing!'''
|}
===Morphophonology===
===Morphophonotactics===
Final syllable's onset may only be glottal in uncountable nouns (only I class nouns can be uncountable), this is because uncountable nouns cannot have final codas

==Orthography==
Fruwi may be written in any any writing system, though it needs to have enough letters for the phonology. The writing system needs not be Bicameral, but it is good to have for determiners and pronouns that are differentiated by case in writing.
===Romanization===
{| class="wikitable" style="width: 50em; text-align: center; border-collapse:collapse;"
! colspan="5" | Consonant Orthography based on Standard Fruwi
|-
| Manner -> Place v || Labial || Coronal || Medial ||Palatal || Dorsal
|-
| Nasal || m || n || || || ñ
|-
| Lenis Stop || b || d || || || g
|-
| Fortis Stop || p || t || || || k
|-
| Lenis Fricative || f || s || || || x
|-
| Fortis Fricative || v || z || || || q
|-
| Lenis Affricate || || c || ch || ||
|-
| Fortis Affricate || || j || jh || ||
|-
| Trill || || r || || ||
|-
| Approximant || || || || y || w
|-
| Lateral Approximant || || l || || ||
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="width: 50em; text-align: center; border-collapse:collapse;"
! colspan="7" | Consonant Orthography based on Standard Fruwi Transcribers
|-
| Manner -> Place v || Labial || Coronal || Medial ||Palatal || Dorsal
|-
| Special Lenis Stop || ʮb || ʮd || || || ʮg
|-
| Special Fortis Stop || ʮp || ʮt || || || ʮk
|}
{| class="wikitable" style="width: 50em; text-align: center; border-collapse:collapse;"
! colspan="7" | Vowel Orthography based on Standard Fruwi
|-
| Closed v. || Open v. || radical s. v. || radical f. v.
|-
| <Ii> //i// || <Īī> //.i// || <Íí> //.ʡi// || <Ìì> //.ħi//
|-
| <Uu> //u// || <Ūū> //.u// || <Úú> //.ʡu// || <Ùù> //.ħu//
|-
| <Ee> //e// || <Ēē> //.e// || <Éé> //.ʡe// || <Èè> //.ħe//
|-
| <Oo> //o// || <Ōō> //.o// || <Óó> //.ʡo// || <Òò> //.ħo//
|-
| <Aa> //a// || <Āā> //.a// || <Áá> //.ʡa// || <Àà> //.ħa//
|-
| <Ʌʌ> //ə// || <Ʌ̄ʌ̄> //.ə// || <Ʌ́ʌ́> //.ʡə// || <Ʌ̀ʌ̀> //.ħə//
|}
Vowels at the start of a word need not have macrons, they are always open unless they have radical in front. 
Vowels with macrons only written after other vowels:
* <alenta> /a.len.ta/ and <alēnta> /al.en.ta/ are the same, but correct spelling is alenta, while the correct pronunciation is /al.en.ta/ (ambigious/ambisyllabic)
* <almenta> /al.men.ta/ and <almēnta> /alm.en.ta/ are the same, but correct spelling is almenta, and the correct pronounciation is /al.men.ta/ (ambigious)
====Punctuation====
{| class="wikitable" style="width: 50em; text-align: center; border-collapse:collapse;"
! colspan="7" | Complete Punctuation
|-
| Use|| Indicative Sentences || Interrogative Sentences || Imperative Sentences
|-
| Name in Fruwi|| Sentence Symbol|| Interrogative Symbol|| Imperative Symbol
|-
| Name in English|| Period || Question Mark || Explanation Mark
|-
| Punctuation || . || ? || !
|}
* ! is not used in the same way as in English, but is used in all Imperative sentences
{| class="wikitable" style="width: 50em; text-align: center; border-collapse:collapse;"
! colspan="7" | Phrasal Punctuation
|-
| Use || Quotations|| Embedded Quotations|| Serial Lists || Coordinating Conjunctions || Interjections || Appositives || Asides
|-
| Name in Fruwi ||Quotation Symbol|| Embedded Quotation Symbol|| List Symbol || Sentence Combining Symbol || Interjection Barrier || Apposition Barrier|| Aside Barrier
|-
| Name in English|| Quotation Mark|| Single Quotation Mark || Comma || Comma || Semicolon || Virgules|| Semicolons
|-
| Punctuation || «TEXT» || «‹TEXT›TEXT» || , || , || ; || /TEXT/ || ;TEXT;
|}
* Appositives are used in this way:
** X is Y. X does Z. => X, Y, does Z; My sister is Alice Smith. My sister likes jelly beans => My sister, Alice Smith, likes jelly beans.
* Interjections go at end of sentence always
* I do not know know how Asides, Appositives, and Interjections will work except for this
{| class="wikitable" style="width: 50em; text-align: center; border-collapse:collapse;"
! colspan="7" | Numeral Punctuation
|-
| Use|| Grouping|| Decimal Point
|-
| Name in Fruwi|| ||
|-
| Name in English|| Comma || Semicolons ||
|-
| Punctuation || 1,234,56789 || 01234;5;67890
|}
* Numbers are written very diffirently: 11,265,353.15464253 => 11,26535;3;15464,253
==Morphology ==



=== Prepositions ===

=== Articles ===
Articles start with /o/, as they combine with prepositions, which end in /o/, similar to how French combines à le into au.

Articles are given the gloss ART.
{|
!
!DEF
!IDEF
|-
!O.Human
|olo
|oño
|-
!A.Living
|ola
|oña
|-
!E.Real
|ole
|oñe
|-
!I.Other
|oli
|oñi
|-
!N.Neuter
|ol
|oñ
|}

=== Determiners & Pronouns ===

=== Collective Nouns/Classifiers ===
CL - means collective for modern, classifier for future (V=Maybe [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Classifier_(linguistics) classifiers] will develop???)

word "kal" (will be in Lexicon)

for example:

* kal mano: a group of people
* kal kal mano: a group of group of people

MAY STACK INFINITELY

=== Nouns ===
Nouns are only declined for number, gender, and dimunitiveness.
{|
!Number(Noun)
!Singular
!Plural
|-
!O.
| -o
| -oñ
|-
!A.
| -a
| -añ
|-
!E.
| -e
| -eñ
|-
!I.
| -i
| -iñ
|}

==== Mass Nouns ====
All nouns are treated as countable nouns, an example of such a language is turkish. The default, like turkish, is also plural.

For example:

* Goàñe, Meaning rice, is a mass noun, but treated as a countable noun
* The singular "Goàñe" may be translated into english as "a grain of rice"
* The plural, "Goàñeñ", may be translated as "rice"

=== Numbers & Numerals ===

=== Adjectives ===

=== Derivational morphology ===

== Syntax ==

=== Word Order ===
The language is SVO in informal registers and SOV in formal registers.

=== Capitalization ===
* all Nouns
* many Pronouns
* all Numbers
* '''NOT''' Start of sentence

=== Alignment ===
The morphosyntactic alignment of the conlang is active-stative. (A=SA, O=SO ) It is fluid-S, having a prefix for volition. The language has many voices, including but not limited to active and stative, though impersonal verbs can’t have a stative voice.

=== Case ===
Nouns do not have case, but have a patientative prepositions. Many pronouns, though, have a a agentstive snd patientative case, which the “patientative” is also used in indirect objects.

=== Roles, Voices, & Cases ===
NP’s have roles, such as instrument, which determine where its position, such as subject, is in a sentence; based on voice, such as the instrumental voice.

While case for nouns doesn’t exist, pronouns have a agentative and a non-agentative case. Prepositions also do some work for showing the roles of the nouns, such as being used for all indirect objects. There’s even an optional preposition for the direct object.

The default voice, active, is null, while the stative voice has a suffix for it. Other more complicated and poetic voices, such as the instrumental, are derived from putting the corresponding preposition before the sentence, included with the stative suffix. Sometimes, stative voice may also be written including the optional direct object preposition with the suffix.

=== Verb types/structures ===
* transitive verbs [A & O]
* intransitive verbs [S]
* unergative verbs [As]
* unaccusative verbs [Os]
* impersonal verbs [avalent]
Many transitive verbs have both unergative and unaccusative versions. While some are unergative when they have no volition prefix (underlyingly), and while some are unaccusative, some may even be ambiguous.

===Constituent order===
====Noun phrase====
====Verb phrase====
====Sentence phrase====
====Dependent clauses====

==Phrasal Stress==
==Example texts==

==Other resources==




[[Category:Fruwi]]
[[Category:Languages]]
[[Category:Conlangs]]

2023-11-19T18:38:24Z

Webcloud: post as my computer seems to be broken, i will come back to it

Fruwi

2023-11-19T17:55:26Z

Webcloud: a little bit more

2023-10-12T02:35:45Z

Webcloud: /* Orthography */ update orthography

{{Infobox language
|name = Fruwi
|nativename = oñ Fruwi
|pronunciation = õɴ.ɸr̊ᵝůᵝ.wʷiʷ
|pronunciation_key = IPA for Fruwi
|created = 2022
|familycolor = Fruwi baro
|fam2 = Fruwi Ban baro
|ancestor1 = Proto-Fruwi
|ancestor2 = Fruwi Ban
|creator = Webcloud
|dia1 = Sontrai Ban
|dia2 = Sontrai Tun
|dia3 = Haishi Ban
|dia4 = Haishi Tun
|stand1 = Standard Fruwi
|stand2 = Standard Sontrai (Ban)
|stand3 = Standard Haishi (Ban)
|script1 = Latn
|notice = IPA
}}




==Introduction==

oñ Fruwi is a language designed for no species in particular.
In-universe, though, it is spoken mostly by humans and a species of tall, twelve-fingered humanoids. The Haishi dialects are mostly spoken by humans, while the Sontrai dialects are mostly spoken by the humanoids. The Haishi dialects may seem easier to humans or much easier to english speakers, because of the base-10 number system, lack of conjugation, and more english-like phonology, though this is a coincidence.
===Creation===
Webcloud created a Pre-oñ Fruwi, called ol fruwi (sic); which has now become Fruwi Ban, in mid 2022 (if they have their dates correct). an early version of, oñ Fruwi Standard was published to Conlang Fandom Early 2023.
===Type===
It is supposed to be a sort of engineered conlang, though Webcloud, late, realized that they need a universe if they want words for times and dates.

It is a ''A priori'' conlang, though many nouns and verbs are just changed versions of real words in languages; they are not borrowed words in-universe unless specified.

===Etymology===
The name of the language oñ Fruwi, comes from Fruwi Ban: ol fruwi meaning a language, though a different word has taken on the meaning of language in the modern language. The word fruwi came from Proto-Fruwi (baro): *ühduɣʷi, probably meaning tongue.

==Phonology==
===Consonants===
{| class="wikitable" style="width: 50em; text-align: center; border-collapse:collapse;"
! colspan="7" | Standard Fruwi Phonemes, and diaphonemes
|-
| Manner -> Place v || Labial || Coronal || Medial ||Palatal || Dorsal || Radical
|-
| Nasal || m || n || || (ɲ) || ŋ ||
|-
| Lenis Stop || p || t || || (c) || k || ʡ
|-
| Fortis Stop || pʰ || tʰ || || (cʰ) || kʰ || ʡ
|-
| Lenis Fricative || ɸ || s || || || χ || ħ
|-
| Fortis Fricative || β || z || || || ʁ || ħ
|-
| Lenis Affricate || || t̆s || t̆ʃ || || ||
|-
| Fortis Affricate || || d̆z || d̆ʒ || || ||
|-
| Trill || || r || || || ||
|-
| Approximant || ʷ || || (ɹ̠ʲ) || j || w ||
|-
| Lateral Approximant || || l || || (ʎ) || (ʟ) ||
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="width: 50em; text-align: center; border-collapse:collapse;"
! colspan="7" | Standard Fruwi Transcribers
|-
| Manner -> Place v || Labial || Coronal || Medial ||Palatal || Dorsal || Radical
|-
| Special Lenis Stop || b || d || || (ɟ) || g ||
|-
| Special Fortis Stop || bʰ || dʰ || || (ɟʰ) || gʰ ||
|}
Notes:
* /ŋ, k, kʰ/→[ɲ, c, cʰ] before /i, e/
* /r/→[ɹ̠ʲ] next to /t̆ʃ, d̆ʒ/
* /l/→[ʎ] near /j, i, e/
* /l/→[ʟ] near /w, u, o/
* /V/→[Ṽ] near /m, n, ŋ/
** /oŋ/→[õŋ], /orŋ/→[õrŋ], /ŋjo/→[ŋjõ], but: /oŋfu/→[õŋfu]
* /ŋ/→[ɴ] CODA
** /oŋ/→[õɴ]
* /C, V/→[Cᵝ, Vᵝ] near /m, p, pʰ, ɸ, β/
** /ɸru/→[ɸrᵝuᵝ], but: /ɸruwi/→[ɸrᵝuᵝwi]
* /Vhigh, Approximant/→[Vhighʷ, Aʷ] near /w/, and not already already bilabialized or labiodentalized
** /wi/→[wiʷ], but: /wa/→[wa], /we/→[we], also but: /ɸwi/→[ɸwᵝiᵝ]
* Syllable: /Approximant, Trill, Radical, Vowel/→ same voicing as closest consonant
** /sr/→[sr̊], /zr/→[zr̬], /ɸru/→[ɸr̊ᵝůᵝ]
'''Be careful, rounding is not bilabializing or labiodentalizing!'''
{| class="wikitable" style="width: 50em; text-align: center; border-collapse:collapse;"
! colspan="7" | Standard Sontrai (Ban) Phonemes
|-
| Manner -> Place v || Labial || Coronal || Medial ||Palatal || Dorsal || Radical
|-
| Nasal || m || n̪ || || (ɲ) || ŋ ||
|-
| Lenis Stop || p || t || || (c) || k || ʡ
|-
| Fortis Stop || pʰ || tʰ || || (cʰ) || kʰ || ʡ
|-
| Lenis Fricative || ɸ || θ || ʂ || || x || ħ
|-
| Fortis Fricative || β || ð || ʐ || || ɣ || ħ
|-
| Lenis Affricate || || t̆s || || || ||
|-
| Fortis Affricate || || d̆z || || || ||
|-
| Trill || || r || || || ||
|-
| Approximant || ʷ || || (ɻ) || j || w ||
|-
| Lateral Approximant || || l || || (ʎ) || (ʟ) ||
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="width: 50em; text-align: center; border-collapse:collapse;"
! colspan="7" | Standard Sontrai Transcribers
|-
| Manner -> Place v || Labial || Coronal || Medial ||Palatal || Dorsal || Radical
|-
| Special Lenis Stop || b || d || || (ɟ) || g ||
|-
| Special Fortis Stop || bʰ || dʰ || || (ɟʰ) || gʰ ||
|}
Notes:
* /ŋ, g, kʰ/→[ɲ, ɟ, cʰ] before /i, e/
* /r/→[ɻ] next to /ʂ, ʐ/
* /l/→[ʎ] near /j, i, e/
* /l/→[ɫ] near /w, u, o/
* /V/→[Ṽ] near /m, n, ŋ/
** /oŋ/→[õŋ], /orŋ/→[õrŋ], /ŋjo/→[ŋjõ], but: /oŋfu/→[õŋfu]
* /ŋ/→[ɴ] CODA
** /oŋ/→[õɴ]
* /C, V/→[Cᵝ, Vᵝ] near /m, p, pʰ, ɸ, β/
** /ɸru/→[ɸrᵝuᵝ], but: /ɸruwi/→[ɸrᵝuᵝwi]
* /Vhigh, Approximant/→[Vhighʷ, Aʷ] near /w/, and not already already bilabialized or labiodentalized
** /wi/→[wiʷ], but: /wa/→[wa], /we/→[we], also but: /ɸwi/→[ɸwᵝiᵝ]
* Syllable: /Approximant, Trill, Radical, Vowel/→ same voicing as closest consonant
** /sr/→[sr̊], /zr/→[zr̬], /ɸru/→[ɸr̊ᵝůᵝ]
'''Be careful, rounding is not bilabializing or labiodentalizing!'''

Changes:
* s > θ, z > ð
* t̆ʃ > ʂ, d̆ʒ > ʐ
* χ > x, ʁ > ɣ
* Vvoiceless > Vvoiced
{| class="wikitable" style="width: 50em; text-align: center; border-collapse:collapse;"
! colspan="7" | Standard Haishi (Ban) Phonemes
|-
| Manner -> Place v || Labial || Coronal || Medial ||Palatal || Dorsal || Radical
|-
| Nasal || m || n || || (ɲ) || ŋ ||
|-
| Lenis Stop || b || d || || (ɟ) || g || ʡ
|-
| Fortis Stop || pʰ || tʰ || || (cʰ) || kʰ || ʡ
|-
| Lenis Fricative || f || s || ʃ || || x || ħ
|-
| Fortis Fricative || v || z || ʒ || || || ħ
|-
| Lenis Affricate || || || t̆ʃ || || ||
|-
| Fortis Affricate || || || d̆ʒ || || ||
|-
| Approximant || ʷ || ɹ || (ɹ̠ʲ) || j || w ||
|-
| Lateral Approximant || || l || || (ʎ) || (ɫ) ||
|}
{| class="wikitable" style="width: 50em; text-align: center; border-collapse:collapse;"
! colspan="7" | Standard Haishi (Ban) Transcribers
|-
| Manner -> Place v || Labial || Coronal || Medial ||Palatal || Dorsal || Radical
|-
| Special Lenis Stop || p || t || || (c) || k ||
|-
| Special Fortis Stop || bʰ || dʰ || || (ɟʰ) || gʰ ||
|}
Notes:
* /ŋ, g, kʰ/→[ɲ, ɟ, cʰ] before /i, e/
* /ɹ/→[ɹ̠ʲ] next to /t̆ʃ, d̆ʒ, ʃ, ʒ/
* /l/→[ʎ] near /j, i, e/
* /l/→[ɫ] near /w, u, o/
* /V/→[Ṽ] near /m, n, ŋ/
** /oŋ/→[õŋ], /oɹŋ/→[õɹŋ], /ŋjo/→[ŋjõ], but: /oŋfu/→[õŋfu]
* /ŋ/→[ɴ] CODA
** /oŋ/→[õɴ]
* /C, V/→[Cᵝ, Vᵝ] near /m, b, pʰ/
** /bɹu/→[bɹᵝuᵝ], but: /bɹuwi/→[bɹᵝuᵝwi]
* /C, V/→[Cᵛ, Vᵛ] near /f, v/
** /fɹu/→[fɹᵛuᵛ], but: /fɹuwi/→[fɹᵛuᵛwi]
* /Vhigh, Approximant/→[Vhighʷ, Aʷ] near /w/, and not already bilabialized or labiodentalized
** /wi/→[wiʷ], but: /wa/→[wa], /we/→[we], also but: /fwi/→[fwᵛiᵛ]
* Syllable: /Approximant, Trill, Radical, Vowel/→ same voicing as closest consonant
** /sɹ/→[sɹ̊], /zɹ/→[zɹ̬], /fɹu/→[fɹ̊ᵛůᵛ]
'''Be careful, rounding is not bilabializing or labiodentalizing!'''

Changes:
* ɸ > f , β > v
* t̆ʃ > ʃ , d̆ʒ > ʒ
* t̆s > t̆ʃ, d̆z > d̆ʒ
* χ > x , ʁ > x
* χ > ɣ , ʁ > ɣ (Tun)
* Vvoiceless > Vvoiced
===Vowels===
{| class="wikitable" style="width: 50em; text-align: center; border-collapse:collapse;"
! colspan="6" | Standard Fruwi Phonemes and Diaphonemes
|-
| Placement || Front || Center || Back
|-
| High || i || || u
|-
| Mid || e || ə || o
|-
| Low || || a ||
|}
Notes:
* /V/→[Vᵝ] near /m, p, pʰ, ɸ, β/
** /ɸu/→[ɸuᵝ], /bu/→[buᵝ]
* /V/→[Cᵛ, Vᵛ] near /f, v/
** /fu/→[fɹᵛuᵛ]
* /Vhigh, Approximant/→[Vhighʷ, Aʷ] near /w/, and not already bilabialized or labiodentalized
** /wi/→[wiʷ], but: /wa/→[wa], /we/→[we], also but: /ɸwi/→[ɸwᵝiᵝ], /fwi/→[fwᵛiᵛ],
Dialects:
* Standard; //ə, e, o//→/ə, e̞, o̞/
* Sontrai; -//ə, e, o//→/œ, e, o̞/(Ban)
* Sontrai; -//ə, e, o//→/ɨ, e̞, o̞/(Tun)
* Haishi; --//ə, e, o//→/ɑ, e̞, o̞/(Ban)
* Haishi; --//ə, e, o//→/ʌ, e̞, o/(Tun)
===Stress and intonation===
All syllables are pronounced as the same length; there is no Lexical stress. This is similar to French and Georgian.
Though, when prosodic stress is involved, the first syllable of the prosodical word becomes extra stressed.

* The word for what, '''<>''', has a rising intonation /↗︎/,
* Though, if it is the subject of a sentence, everything on from the verb has a falling intonation /↘︎/
* The words for yes and no, '''<>''', both have a falling intonation /↘︎/
* Though, the final "or not", '''<>''', found in yes-no questions, also has a rising intonation /↗︎/
===Phonotactics===
syllable structure is: (C)(C)V(V)(C)(C)
a more specific version is: (CA)V(V)(RC) & GV(V)

A = //w, r, l, j// approximant
R = //r, l//
G = /ʡ, ħ/ radical
C = non-radical, non-approximant Consonants
V = Vowels
//ɸjailm// is CAVVRC, //ħai// is GVV

if the pronounciation is ambigious : then the coda steals the consonant if it is not guttral nor approximant
* /tamlat/:- /tam.lat/ -or /ta.mlat/:- /mam.lat/ is correct
* /talmat/:- /tal.mat/ -or /talm.at/:- /mal.mat/ is correct
* /talmlat/: /tal.mlat/ or /talm.lat/: /talm.lat/ is correct
 
ambigious pronounciation is not ambisyllabic. ambisyllabicity is possibly only when you have one consonant only between vowels 
Syllables starting with glottal consonants may not have codas; ambisyllabic codas (C) are allowed
* banned*: /ħal/ /ħalm/ /ħal.mat/ /ħam/ /ħalm.lat/
* impossible anyways*: /ħaml/ /ħalml/
* ambisyllabic: /ħalat/ /ħamat/
* separate syllable: /ħa.mlat/

ae, ao, ai, au, ʌi, ʌu, ei, eu, oi, ou are the only possible diphthongs 

===Morphophonology===
===Morphophonotactics===
Final syllable's onset may only be glottal in uncountable nouns (only I class nouns can be uncountable), this is because uncountable nouns cannot have final codas
==Orthography==
{| class="wikitable" style="width: 50em; text-align: center; border-collapse:collapse;"
! colspan="7" | Consonant Orthography based on Standard Fruwi
|-
| Manner -> Place v || Labial || Coronal || Medial ||Palatal || Dorsal
|-
| Nasal || m || n || || || ñ
|-
| Lenis Stop || b || d || || || g
|-
| Fortis Stop || p || t || || || k
|-
| Lenis Fricative || f || s || || || x
|-
| Fortis Fricative || v || z || || || q
|-
| Lenis Affricate || || c || ch || ||
|-
| Fortis Affricate || || j || jh || ||
|-
| Trill || || r || || ||
|-
| Approximant || || || || y || w
|-
| Lateral Approximant || || l || || ||
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="width: 50em; text-align: center; border-collapse:collapse;"
! colspan="7" | Consonant Orthography based on Standard Fruwi Transcribers
|-
| Manner -> Place v || Labial || Coronal || Medial ||Palatal || Dorsal
|-
| Special Lenis Stop || ʮb || ʮd || || || ʮg
|-
| Special Fortis Stop || ʮp || ʮt || || || ʮk
|}
{| class="wikitable" style="width: 50em; text-align: center; border-collapse:collapse;"
! colspan="7" | Vowel Orthography based on Standard Fruwi
|-
| Closed v. || Open v. || radical s. v. || radical f. v.
|-
| <Ii> //i// || <Īī> //.i// || <Íí> //.ʡi// || <Ìì> //.ħi//
|-
| <Uu> //u// || <Ūū> //.u// || <Úú> //.ʡu// || <Ùù> //.ħu//
|-
| <Ee> //e// || <Ēē> //.e// || <Éé> //.ʡe// || <Èè> //.ħe//
|-
| <Oo> //o// || <Ōō> //.o// || <Óó> //.ʡo// || <Òò> //.ħo//
|-
| <Aa> //a// || <Āā> //.a// || <Áá> //.ʡa// || <Àà> //.ħa//
|-
| <Ʌʌ> //ə// || <Ʌ̄ʌ̄> //.ə// || <Ʌ́ʌ́> //.ʡə// || <Ʌ̀ʌ̀> //.ħə//
|}
Vowels at the start of a word need not have macrons, they are always open unless they have radical in front. 
Vowels with macrons only written after other vowels:
* <alenta> /a.len.ta/ and <alēnta> /al.en.ta/ are the same, but correct spelling is alenta, while correct pronunciation is /al.en.ta/ (ambigious/ambisyllabic)
* <almenta> /al.men.ta/ and <almēnta> /alm.en.ta/ are the same, but correct spelling is almenta, while correct pronunciation is /al.men.ta/ (ambigious)
* <amlenta> /am.len.ta/ or /a.mlen.ta/ but <amlēnta> /aml.en.ta/ is not even possible by previous rules; and /am.len.ta/ is the correct pronounciation (ambigious)
* <almlenta> /al.mlen.ta/ or /alm.len.ta/ but <almlēnta> /alml.en.ta/ is not even possible by previous rules; and /alm.len.ta/ is the correct pronounciation (ambigious)

==Morphology==



==Syntax==
===Constituent order===
===Noun phrase===
===Verb phrase===
===Sentence phrase===
===Dependent clauses===

==Phrasal Stress==
==Example texts==

==Other resources==




[[Category:Fruwi]]
[[Category:Languages]]
[[Category:Conlangs]]

Fruwi

2023-10-12T02:26:23Z

Webcloud: /* Orthography */ promote orthography, fix vowel chart

{{Infobox language
|name = Fruwi
|nativename = oñ Fruwi
|pronunciation = õɴ.ɸr̊ᵝůᵝ.wʷiʷ
|pronunciation_key = IPA for Fruwi
|created = 2022
|familycolor = Fruwi baro
|fam2 = Fruwi Ban baro
|ancestor1 = Proto-Fruwi
|ancestor2 = Fruwi Ban
|creator = Webcloud
|dia1 = Sontrai Ban
|dia2 = Sontrai Tun
|dia3 = Haishi Ban
|dia4 = Haishi Tun
|stand1 = Standard Fruwi
|stand2 = Standard Sontrai (Ban)
|stand3 = Standard Haishi (Ban)
|script1 = Latn
|notice = IPA
}}




==Introduction==

oñ Fruwi is a language designed for no species in particular.
In-universe, though, it is spoken mostly by humans and a species of tall, twelve-fingered humanoids. The Haishi dialects are mostly spoken by humans, while the Sontrai dialects are mostly spoken by the humanoids. The Haishi dialects may seem easier to humans or much easier to english speakers, because of the base-10 number system, lack of conjugation, and more english-like phonology, though this is a coincidence.
===Creation===
Webcloud created a Pre-oñ Fruwi, called ol fruwi (sic); which has now become Fruwi Ban, in mid 2022 (if they have their dates correct). an early version of, oñ Fruwi Standard was published to Conlang Fandom Early 2023.
===Type===
It is supposed to be a sort of engineered conlang, though Webcloud, late, realized that they need a universe if they want words for times and dates.

It is a ''A priori'' conlang, though many nouns and verbs are just changed versions of real words in languages; they are not borrowed words in-universe unless specified.

===Etymology===
The name of the language oñ Fruwi, comes from Fruwi Ban: ol fruwi meaning a language, though a different word has taken on the meaning of language in the modern language. The word fruwi came from Proto-Fruwi (baro): *ühduɣʷi, probably meaning tongue.

==Phonology==
===Consonants===
{| class="wikitable" style="width: 50em; text-align: center; border-collapse:collapse;"
! colspan="7" | Standard Fruwi Phonemes, and diaphonemes
|-
| Manner -> Place v || Labial || Coronal || Medial ||Palatal || Dorsal || Radical
|-
| Nasal || m || n || || (ɲ) || ŋ ||
|-
| Lenis Stop || p || t || || (c) || k || ʡ
|-
| Fortis Stop || pʰ || tʰ || || (cʰ) || kʰ || ʡ
|-
| Lenis Fricative || ɸ || s || || || χ || ħ
|-
| Fortis Fricative || β || z || || || ʁ || ħ
|-
| Lenis Affricate || || t̆s || t̆ʃ || || ||
|-
| Fortis Affricate || || d̆z || d̆ʒ || || ||
|-
| Trill || || r || || || ||
|-
| Approximant || ʷ || || (ɹ̠ʲ) || j || w ||
|-
| Lateral Approximant || || l || || (ʎ) || (ʟ) ||
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="width: 50em; text-align: center; border-collapse:collapse;"
! colspan="7" | Standard Fruwi Transcribers
|-
| Manner -> Place v || Labial || Coronal || Medial ||Palatal || Dorsal || Radical
|-
| Special Lenis Stop || b || d || || (ɟ) || g ||
|-
| Special Fortis Stop || bʰ || dʰ || || (ɟʰ) || gʰ ||
|}
Notes:
* /ŋ, k, kʰ/→[ɲ, c, cʰ] before /i, e/
* /r/→[ɹ̠ʲ] next to /t̆ʃ, d̆ʒ/
* /l/→[ʎ] near /j, i, e/
* /l/→[ʟ] near /w, u, o/
* /V/→[Ṽ] near /m, n, ŋ/
** /oŋ/→[õŋ], /orŋ/→[õrŋ], /ŋjo/→[ŋjõ], but: /oŋfu/→[õŋfu]
* /ŋ/→[ɴ] CODA
** /oŋ/→[õɴ]
* /C, V/→[Cᵝ, Vᵝ] near /m, p, pʰ, ɸ, β/
** /ɸru/→[ɸrᵝuᵝ], but: /ɸruwi/→[ɸrᵝuᵝwi]
* /Vhigh, Approximant/→[Vhighʷ, Aʷ] near /w/, and not already already bilabialized or labiodentalized
** /wi/→[wiʷ], but: /wa/→[wa], /we/→[we], also but: /ɸwi/→[ɸwᵝiᵝ]
* Syllable: /Approximant, Trill, Radical, Vowel/→ same voicing as closest consonant
** /sr/→[sr̊], /zr/→[zr̬], /ɸru/→[ɸr̊ᵝůᵝ]
'''Be careful, rounding is not bilabializing or labiodentalizing!'''
{| class="wikitable" style="width: 50em; text-align: center; border-collapse:collapse;"
! colspan="7" | Standard Sontrai (Ban) Phonemes
|-
| Manner -> Place v || Labial || Coronal || Medial ||Palatal || Dorsal || Radical
|-
| Nasal || m || n̪ || || (ɲ) || ŋ ||
|-
| Lenis Stop || p || t || || (c) || k || ʡ
|-
| Fortis Stop || pʰ || tʰ || || (cʰ) || kʰ || ʡ
|-
| Lenis Fricative || ɸ || θ || ʂ || || x || ħ
|-
| Fortis Fricative || β || ð || ʐ || || ɣ || ħ
|-
| Lenis Affricate || || t̆s || || || ||
|-
| Fortis Affricate || || d̆z || || || ||
|-
| Trill || || r || || || ||
|-
| Approximant || ʷ || || (ɻ) || j || w ||
|-
| Lateral Approximant || || l || || (ʎ) || (ʟ) ||
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="width: 50em; text-align: center; border-collapse:collapse;"
! colspan="7" | Standard Sontrai Transcribers
|-
| Manner -> Place v || Labial || Coronal || Medial ||Palatal || Dorsal || Radical
|-
| Special Lenis Stop || b || d || || (ɟ) || g ||
|-
| Special Fortis Stop || bʰ || dʰ || || (ɟʰ) || gʰ ||
|}
Notes:
* /ŋ, g, kʰ/→[ɲ, ɟ, cʰ] before /i, e/
* /r/→[ɻ] next to /ʂ, ʐ/
* /l/→[ʎ] near /j, i, e/
* /l/→[ɫ] near /w, u, o/
* /V/→[Ṽ] near /m, n, ŋ/
** /oŋ/→[õŋ], /orŋ/→[õrŋ], /ŋjo/→[ŋjõ], but: /oŋfu/→[õŋfu]
* /ŋ/→[ɴ] CODA
** /oŋ/→[õɴ]
* /C, V/→[Cᵝ, Vᵝ] near /m, p, pʰ, ɸ, β/
** /ɸru/→[ɸrᵝuᵝ], but: /ɸruwi/→[ɸrᵝuᵝwi]
* /Vhigh, Approximant/→[Vhighʷ, Aʷ] near /w/, and not already already bilabialized or labiodentalized
** /wi/→[wiʷ], but: /wa/→[wa], /we/→[we], also but: /ɸwi/→[ɸwᵝiᵝ]
* Syllable: /Approximant, Trill, Radical, Vowel/→ same voicing as closest consonant
** /sr/→[sr̊], /zr/→[zr̬], /ɸru/→[ɸr̊ᵝůᵝ]
'''Be careful, rounding is not bilabializing or labiodentalizing!'''

Changes:
* s > θ, z > ð
* t̆ʃ > ʂ, d̆ʒ > ʐ
* χ > x, ʁ > ɣ
* Vvoiceless > Vvoiced
{| class="wikitable" style="width: 50em; text-align: center; border-collapse:collapse;"
! colspan="7" | Standard Haishi (Ban) Phonemes
|-
| Manner -> Place v || Labial || Coronal || Medial ||Palatal || Dorsal || Radical
|-
| Nasal || m || n || || (ɲ) || ŋ ||
|-
| Lenis Stop || b || d || || (ɟ) || g || ʡ
|-
| Fortis Stop || pʰ || tʰ || || (cʰ) || kʰ || ʡ
|-
| Lenis Fricative || f || s || ʃ || || x || ħ
|-
| Fortis Fricative || v || z || ʒ || || || ħ
|-
| Lenis Affricate || || || t̆ʃ || || ||
|-
| Fortis Affricate || || || d̆ʒ || || ||
|-
| Approximant || ʷ || ɹ || (ɹ̠ʲ) || j || w ||
|-
| Lateral Approximant || || l || || (ʎ) || (ɫ) ||
|}
{| class="wikitable" style="width: 50em; text-align: center; border-collapse:collapse;"
! colspan="7" | Standard Haishi (Ban) Transcribers
|-
| Manner -> Place v || Labial || Coronal || Medial ||Palatal || Dorsal || Radical
|-
| Special Lenis Stop || p || t || || (c) || k ||
|-
| Special Fortis Stop || bʰ || dʰ || || (ɟʰ) || gʰ ||
|}
Notes:
* /ŋ, g, kʰ/→[ɲ, ɟ, cʰ] before /i, e/
* /ɹ/→[ɹ̠ʲ] next to /t̆ʃ, d̆ʒ, ʃ, ʒ/
* /l/→[ʎ] near /j, i, e/
* /l/→[ɫ] near /w, u, o/
* /V/→[Ṽ] near /m, n, ŋ/
** /oŋ/→[õŋ], /oɹŋ/→[õɹŋ], /ŋjo/→[ŋjõ], but: /oŋfu/→[õŋfu]
* /ŋ/→[ɴ] CODA
** /oŋ/→[õɴ]
* /C, V/→[Cᵝ, Vᵝ] near /m, b, pʰ/
** /bɹu/→[bɹᵝuᵝ], but: /bɹuwi/→[bɹᵝuᵝwi]
* /C, V/→[Cᵛ, Vᵛ] near /f, v/
** /fɹu/→[fɹᵛuᵛ], but: /fɹuwi/→[fɹᵛuᵛwi]
* /Vhigh, Approximant/→[Vhighʷ, Aʷ] near /w/, and not already bilabialized or labiodentalized
** /wi/→[wiʷ], but: /wa/→[wa], /we/→[we], also but: /fwi/→[fwᵛiᵛ]
* Syllable: /Approximant, Trill, Radical, Vowel/→ same voicing as closest consonant
** /sɹ/→[sɹ̊], /zɹ/→[zɹ̬], /fɹu/→[fɹ̊ᵛůᵛ]
'''Be careful, rounding is not bilabializing or labiodentalizing!'''

Changes:
* ɸ > f , β > v
* t̆ʃ > ʃ , d̆ʒ > ʒ
* t̆s > t̆ʃ, d̆z > d̆ʒ
* χ > x , ʁ > x
* χ > ɣ , ʁ > ɣ (Tun)
* Vvoiceless > Vvoiced
===Vowels===
{| class="wikitable" style="width: 50em; text-align: center; border-collapse:collapse;"
! colspan="6" | Standard Fruwi Phonemes and Diaphonemes
|-
| Placement || Front || Center || Back
|-
| High || i || || u
|-
| Mid || e || ə || o
|-
| Low || || a ||
|}
Notes:
* /V/→[Vᵝ] near /m, p, pʰ, ɸ, β/
** /ɸu/→[ɸuᵝ], /bu/→[buᵝ]
* /V/→[Cᵛ, Vᵛ] near /f, v/
** /fu/→[fɹᵛuᵛ]
* /Vhigh, Approximant/→[Vhighʷ, Aʷ] near /w/, and not already bilabialized or labiodentalized
** /wi/→[wiʷ], but: /wa/→[wa], /we/→[we], also but: /ɸwi/→[ɸwᵝiᵝ], /fwi/→[fwᵛiᵛ],
Dialects:
* Standard; //ə, e, o//→/ə, e̞, o̞/
* Sontrai; -//ə, e, o//→/œ, e, o̞/(Ban)
* Sontrai; -//ə, e, o//→/ɨ, e̞, o̞/(Tun)
* Haishi; --//ə, e, o//→/ɑ, e̞, o̞/(Ban)
* Haishi; --//ə, e, o//→/ʌ, e̞, o/(Tun)
===Stress and intonation===
All syllables are pronounced as the same length; there is no Lexical stress. This is similar to French and Georgian.
Though, when prosodic stress is involved, the first syllable of the prosodical word becomes extra stressed.

* The word for what, '''<>''', has a rising intonation /↗︎/,
* Though, if it is the subject of a sentence, everything on from the verb has a falling intonation /↘︎/
* The words for yes and no, '''<>''', both have a falling intonation /↘︎/
* Though, the final "or not", '''<>''', found in yes-no questions, also has a rising intonation /↗︎/
===Phonotactics===
syllable structure is: (C)(C)V(V)(C)(C)
a more specific version is: (CA)V(V)(RC) & GV(V)

A = //w, r, l, j// approximant
R = //r, l//
G = /ʡ, ħ/ radical
C = non-radical, non-approximant Consonants
V = Vowels
//ɸjailm// is CAVVRC, //ħai// is GVV

if the pronounciation is ambigious : then the coda steals the consonant if it is not guttral nor approximant
* /tamlat/:- /tam.lat/ -or /ta.mlat/:- /mam.lat/ is correct
* /talmat/:- /tal.mat/ -or /talm.at/:- /mal.mat/ is correct
* /talmlat/: /tal.mlat/ or /talm.lat/: /talm.lat/ is correct
 
ambigious pronounciation is not ambisyllabic. ambisyllabicity is possibly only when you have one consonant only between vowels 
Syllables starting with glottal consonants may not have codas; ambisyllabic codas (C) are allowed
* banned*: /ħal/ /ħalm/ /ħal.mat/ /ħam/ /ħalm.lat/
* impossible anyways*: /ħaml/ /ħalml/
* ambisyllabic: /ħalat/ /ħamat/
* separate syllable: /ħa.mlat/

ae, ao, ai, au, ʌi, ʌu, ei, eu, oi, ou are the only possible diphthongs 

===Morphophonology===
===Morphophonotactics===
Final syllable's onset may only be glottal in uncountable nouns (only I class nouns can be uncountable), this is because uncountable nouns cannot have final codas
==Orthography==
{| class="wikitable" style="width: 50em; text-align: center; border-collapse:collapse;"
! colspan="7" | Consonant Orthography based on Standard Fruwi
|-
| Manner -> Place v || Labial || Coronal || Medial ||Palatal || Dorsal
|-
| Nasal || m || n || || || ñ
|-
| Lenis Stop || b || d || || || g
|-
| Fortis Stop || p || t || || || k
|-
| Lenis Fricative || f || s || || || x
|-
| Fortis Fricative || v || z || || || q
|-
| Lenis Affricate || || c || ch || ||
|-
| Fortis Affricate || || j || jh || ||
|-
| Trill || || r || || ||
|-
| Approximant || || || || y || w
|-
| Lateral Approximant || || l || || ||
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="width: 50em; text-align: center; border-collapse:collapse;"
! colspan="7" | Consonant Orthography based on Standard Fruwi Transcribers
|-
| Manner -> Place v || Labial || Coronal || Medial ||Palatal || Dorsal
|-
| Special Lenis Stop || ʮb || ʮd || || || ʮg
|-
| Special Fortis Stop || ʮp || ʮt || || || ʮk
|}
{| class="wikitable" style="width: 50em; text-align: center; border-collapse:collapse;"
! colspan="7" | Vowel Orthography based on Standard Fruwi
|-
| Closed v. || Open v. || radical s. v. || radical f. v.
|-
| <Ii> //i// || <Īī> //.i// || <Íí> //.ʡi// || <Ìì> //.ħi//
|-
| <Uu> //u// || <Ūū> //.u// || <Úú> //.ʡu// || <Ùù> //.ħu//
|-
| <Ee> //e// || <Ēē> //.e// || <Éé> //.ʡe// || <Èè> //.ħe//
|-
| <Oo> //o// || <Ōō> //.o// || <Óó> //.ʡo// || <Òò> //.ħo//
|-
| <Aa> //a// || <Āā> //.a// || <Áá> //.ʡa// || <Àà> //.ħa//
|-
| <Ʌʌ> //ə// || <Ʌ̄ʌ̄> //.ə// || <Ʌ́ʌ́> //.ʡə// || <Ʌ̀ʌ̀> //.ħə//
|}
Vowels with macrons only written after other vowels: alenta and *alēnta are the same

==Morphology==



==Syntax==
===Constituent order===
===Noun phrase===
===Verb phrase===
===Sentence phrase===
===Dependent clauses===

==Phrasal Stress==
==Example texts==

==Other resources==




[[Category:Fruwi]]
[[Category:Languages]]
[[Category:Conlangs]]