{{privatelang}}{{construction}}

The '''Lax-An''' language (LA) is the linguistic reconstruction of the first language spoken by those (Humans) first brought into (the Void). Scholars hypothesize that LA was the result of a merging of Proto-Indo-European and Proto-Afro-Asiatic languages and estimate that it was spoken as a simple language until (year) (era), when the language was split into (Proto-Scholar) and (Proto-Dev-Merc-Polit) due to cultural isolation and exposure to both new cultures and new vocabulary.

The existence of LA was first proved in the (*** century) by (name), who observed the use of a unique, well-defined language used by the first (wave) of (Humans) while researching historical records held by (the First). Efforts have since been made to continue analysis and documentation of both the culture and the language used by this first era of (Humans) whenever possible.

==Phonology==

===Consonants===

PIE
Labiovelar consonants include [kw, gw, xw, ngw] which are pronounced like [k, g, x, ng] but with rounded lips.
Velars are consonants articulated with the back part of the tongue (the dorsum) against the soft palate (the back part of the roof of the mouth, known also as the velum). They include [k, g, x, ng].
Palatovelar consonants are articulated with the back part of the tongue against the hard palate. They include [k', g', x', ng']. For example, [k'] is pronounced as the k in keen.

voiced and voiceless pharyngeal fricatives;
a glottal stop that is used to distinguish word meaning;
a three-way contrast between voiced, voiceless, and emphatic consonants which may be realized as velarized, glottalized, pharyngealized, ejective, orimplosive.
use of semivowels /w/ and /j/ in the role of consonants

'''Alternative notations:''' The aspirated stops are sometimes written as {{PIE|*bh, *dh, *ǵh, *gh, *gʷh}}; for the palatals, {{PIE|*k̑, *g̑}} are often used; and {{PIE|*i̯, *u̯}} can replace {{PIE|*y, *w}}.

The following are the main characteristics of PIE consonants:
*PIE had a large number of [[stop consonant|stop]]s, but few [[fricative]]s. The traditional (pre-laryngeal) reconstruction included only one fricative, {{PIE|*s}}; however, the modern theory includes three additional fricatives, commonly known as [[laryngeal theory|laryngeals]] and assumed to have been pronounced far back in the mouth (i.e. [[Fricative consonant#Central non-sibilant fricatives|velar]], [[uvular fricative|uvular]]{{disambiguation needed|date=March 2013}}, [[pharyngeal consonant|pharyngeal]] and/or [[glottal fricative|glottal]]{{disambiguation needed|date=March 2013}}). Laryngeals disappeared from all PIE languages except (to some extent) the [[Anatolian language]]s, but reveal themselves in their effects on nearby sounds. For example, short {{PIE|*e}} adjacent to {{PIE|*h₂}} and {{PIE|*h₃}} is colored to {{PIE|*a}} and {{PIE|*o}}, respectively, and short vowels preceding a laryngeal are usually lengthened. The exact [[Laryngeal theory#Pronunciation|pronunciation of the laryngeals]] is disputed; some linguists have even asserted that {{PIE|*h₁}} might not have been a fricative at all, but a [[glottal stop]].

(th = h3) (X = h1) (ɣ = h2)...

{| class="wikitable IPA"
|+ Correspondences in Afro-Asian languages
! Proto-Afroasiatic
! Proto-Semitic
! Egyptian
! Berber
|-
| *ṭ
| *ṭ
| d(~t)
| *ḍ [dˁ] / *ṭ (→ *ṭṭ [tˁː])
|-
|
| *ð
| ?? d
| *z
|-
|
| *θ
| s, ?? š}}
| *s
|-
|
| *θ̣
| ḏ-
| *ẓ [zˁ]
|-
|
| *ṣ [(t)sʼ]
| ḏ
| *ẓ [zˤ]
|-
|
| *ɣ
| χ-, ʕ- ?
| *h
|-
|
| *ʕ
| ʕ
| *H-
|-
! Proto-Afroasiatic
! Proto-Semitic
! Egyptian
! Berber
|}

{|class="wikitable"
|-
!rowspan="2" colspan="2"|
!rowspan="2"|Labial
!rowspan="2"|Coronal
!rowspan="2"|Palatal
!colspan="2"|Dorsal
!rowspan="2"|Laryngeal
!rowspan="2"|Pharyngeal
|-
!"plain velar"
!"labiovelar"
|-
!colspan="2"|Nasal
|align=center|[[w:Bilabial_nasal|m]]
|align=center|[[w:Alveolar_nasal|n]]
|
|
|
|
|
|-
!rowspan="3"|Plosive||
voiceless
|align=center|[[w:Voiceless_bilabial_stop|p]]
|align=center|[[w:Voiceless_alveolar_stop|t]]
|
|align=center|[[w:Voiceless_velar_stop|k]]
|align=center|[[w:Q|kʷ]]
|
| 
|-
!Voiced
|align=center|[[w:Voiced_bilabial_stop|b]]
|align=center|[[w:Voiced_alveolar_stop|d]]
|
|align=center|[[w:Voiced_velar_stop|g]]
|align=center|*gʷ
|
| 
|-
!Aspirated
|align=center|*bʰ
|align=center|*dʰ
|
|align=center|*gʰ
|align=center|*gʷʰ
|
| 
|-
!colspan="2"|Fricative
|
|align=center|[[w:Voiceless_alveolar_sibilant|s]]
|align=center|[[w:Voiceless_palatal_fricative|h₁]]
|
|
|align=center|*h₃
|align=center|[[w:Voiceless_pharyngeal_fricative|h₂]]
|-
!colspan="2"|Liquid
|
|align=center|[[w:Alveolar_trill|r]], [[w:Alveolar_lateral_approximant|l]]
|
|
|
|
|
|-
!colspan="2"|Semivowel
|
|
|align=center|[[w:Palatal_approximant|y]]
|
|align=center|[[w:Labio-velar_approximant|w]]
|
|
|}

===Vowels===
Lax An used an seven-vowel system which consisted of the short vowels /a/, /i/, /u/ and long /e/, /ii/, /o/, /uu/

{| class="wikitable" border="1" style="text-align:center"
|+ Vowels
! rowspan="2" |  
! colspan="2" | [[w:Front vowel|Front]]
! colspan="2" | [[w:Central vowel|Central]]
! colspan="2" | [[w:Back vowel|Back]]
|-
! short !! long
! short !! long
! short !! long
|-
! [[w:Close vowel|High]]
| [[w:Near-close_near-front_unrounded_vowel|/ɪ/]] || [[w:Close_front_unrounded_vowel|/iː/]]
| colspan="2" |  
| [[w:Near-close_near-back_rounded_vowel|/ʊ/]] || [[w:Close_back_rounded_vowel|/uː/]]
|-
! [[w:Mid vowel|Mid]]
| || [[w:Close-mid_front_unrounded_vowel|/eː/]]
| colspan="2"| 
| || [[w:Close-mid_back_rounded_vowel|/oː/]]
|-
! [[w:Open vowel|Low]]
| colspan="2" |  
| [[w:Open_front_unrounded_vowel|/a/]] ||
| colspan="2" |  
|}

==Morphology==

==Syntax==

==Vocabulary==

{| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width: 700px; text-align: center;"
|+Lax An Vocabulary
|-
! Number !! Lax An Word !! Lax An Word Meaning !! Proto-Afroasiatic Word !! Proto-AA Word Meaning !! Proto-Indoeuropean Word !! Proto-IE Word Meaning
|-
| 1 || ama || I || ʾanā || I || me || I
|-
| 2 || atuu || you (sing) || atta || you || túh₂ || you
|-
| 3 || huu || he || hú || he || * || *
|-
| 4 || wuva || we || nəħna || we || wéy || we
|-
| 5 || uuton || you (pl) || attōn || you || yū || you
|-
| 6 || hum || they || hum || they || * || *
|-
| 7 || kad || this || hāðē || this || kod || this
|-
| 8 || tad || that || hāhu || that || tód || that
|-
| 9 || uuna || here || hunā || here || * || *
|-
| 10 || uunag || there || hunāka || there || * || *
|-
| 11 || manus || who || mannu || who || kʷis || who
|-
| 12 || me || what || mā || what || * || *
|-
| 13 || egu || where || ʾaykā || where || * || *
|-
| 14 || mofe || when || mâθay || when || * || *
|-
| 15 || egun || how || ʾaykan || how || * || *
|-
| 16 || na || not || ma || not || ne || not
|-
| 17 || duum || all || tVm || all || * || *
|-
| 18 || hal || many || HawVl || many || * || *
|-
| 19 || kalo || some || kmā || some || kaylo, solwo || some
|-
| 20 || adat || few || ḫədāṭ || few || * || *
|-
| 21 || elfru || other || ʾaħér || other || h₂el-yó || other
|-
| 22 || vonuu || one, 1 || ʾaħadu || one || (H)óynos || one
|-
| 23 || bwash || two, 2 || baʕiĉ̣ || two || dwóh₁ || two
|-
| 24 || xeyas || three, 3 || šalāš || three || tréyes || three
|-
| 25 || tworba || four, 4 || ʾarbaʿ || four || kʷetwóres || four
|-
| 26 || uubun || five, 5 || ḫ/ḥup/bin || five || pénkʷe || five
|-
| 27 || kof || big || kabVr || big || * || *
|-
| 28 || luug || long || ĉaʔd || long || dluh₂gʰós || long
|-
| 29 || leufo || wide || rəħub || wide || * || *
|-
| 30 || fun || thick || ʿvīṭā || thick || bʰenǵʰ || thick
|-
| 31 || jaluu || heavy || ɣaluč̣ || heavy || gʷer(h₂) || heavy
|-
| 32 || gus || small || kus || small || mey || small
|-
| 33 || rugos || short || qâṣâr || short || mreǵʰú || short
|-
| 34 || hunga || narrow || qatnu || narrow || h₂enǵʰ || narrow
|-
| 35 || tanuus || thin || rVḳ || thin || ténh₂us || thin
|-
| 36 || gamun || female || ʔamin || woman || gʷḗn || woman
|-
| 37 || xuro || male || ʒ/ǯa || man || wiHrós || man
|-
| 38 || manica || human being || ga/ič(-aʔ) || human being || mánus || human being
|-
| 39 || puwuud || child || w/yVd || child || nepeh₃t || grandson/nephew
|-
| 40 || uxo || wife || ʾiššâ || wife || snúsos || daugter-in-law
|-
| 41 || dawa || husband || ḥawVy || husband || *daywe || husband's brother
|-
| 42 || mamu || mother || ʔVma || mother || méh₂tēr || mother
|-
| 43 || papu || father || bab || father || ph₂tḗr || father
|-
| 44 || oneum || animal || ʕum-ʕam || animal || * || *
|-
| 45 || kuu || fish || bus || fish || dʰǵʰu || fish
|-
| 46 || suwa || bird || sabaḥ || bird || h₂éwis || bird
|-
| 47 || kor || dog || kayar || dog || ḱwṓ || dog
|-
| 48 || niin || louse || ʔint || louse || knid || louse
|-
| 49 || sufan || snake || sVf || snake || h₂engwi || snake
|-
| 50 || rom || worm || dVm || worm || wr̥mi || worm
|-
| 51 || dowuu || tree || rVwVy || tree || dóru || tree
|-
| 52 || cuur || forest || suʕVr || forest || * || *
|-
| 53 || gadso || stick || guʕad || stick || ǵhasto || stick
|-
| 54 || bar || fruit || pi/ar || fruit || * || *
|-
| 55 || xul || seed || či/ul || seed || * || *
|-
| 56 || sup || leaf || ĉap || leaf || * || *
|-
| 57 || sura || root || ĉVr || root || wréh₂ds || root
|-
| 58 || gog || bark || ḳaw(ḳ) || bark of tree || * || *
|-
| 59 || uumpa || flower || ʔanbab || flower || * || *
|-
| 60 || sen || grass || sayam || grass || koino || grass
|-
| 61 || suul || rope || sur || rope || * || *
|-
| 62 || apu || skin || ʔad-Vm || skin || pel || skin
|-
| 63 || mux || meat || fVʔ || meat || mēms || meat
|-
| 64 || uxa || blood || dam || blood || h₁ésh₂r̥ || blood
|-
| 65 || gas || bone || ḳ(ʷ)as || bone || kost || bone
|-
| 66 || taruu || fat || pidar || fat || smeru || fat
|-
| 67 || zaho || egg || sawVḥ || egg || h₂ōwyóm || egg
|-
| 68 || ko || horn || ḳar || horn || koru || horn
|-
| 69 || cu || tail || č̣ihr || tail || * || *
|-
| 70 || sa || feather || ŝakʷ || feather || * || *
|-
| 71 || fol || hair || sVʔVm || hair || pulh₂ || hair
|-
| 72 || kal || head || gVl(gVl) || head || kaput || head
|-
| 73 || os || ear || sim || ear || h₂ows || ear
|-
| 74 || ehuuk || eye || ʕayVn || eye || h₃ekʷ || eye
|-
| 75 || niiha || nose || naḫVr || nose || hnéh₂s || nose
|-
| 76 || ufas || mouth || ʔa-pay || mouth || h₁oh₁s || mouth
|-
| 77 || aduus || tooth || kV(ʔ)Vs || tooth || h₃dónts || tooth
|-
| 78 || lax || tongue || lis || tongue || dn̥ǵʰwéh₂s || tongue
|-
| 79 || nak || fingernail || gu/iĉ || fingernail || h₃nógʰ(r)o || fingernail
|-
| 80 || gob || foot || ĉayṗ || foot || pṓds || foot
|-
| 81 || rosgo || leg || wa(ʕ)r || leg || kroksko || leg
|-
| 82 || kuna || knee || g(ʷ)inʒ || knee || ǵónu || knee
|-
| 83 || tepa || hand || ṭapiḥ || hand || man || hand
|-
| 84 || gam || wing || ganVḥ || wing || * || *
|-
| 85 || huuduu || belly || hun || belly || udero || belly
|-
| 86 || iita || guts || * || * || eh₁ter || guts
|-
| 87 || gad || neck || ḳard || neck || mon || neck
|-
| 88 || ya || back || yiʔ || back || * || *
|-
| 89 || sdam || breast || ʔa-nwan || breast || psten || breast
|-
| 90 || kiil || heart || li/ubb || heart || ḱḗr || heart
|-
| 91 || uhiiwa || liver || tiraw/ʔ || liver || yeh₁kwr̥ || liver
|-
| 92 || ag || drink || ʕab || drink || h₁egʷʰ || to drink
|-
| 93 || ud || eat || birVh || eat || h₁ed || to eat
|-
| 94 || kuk || bite || ḳVḳ || bite || denḱ || to bite
|-
| 95 || ok || suck || ni/uḳ || suck || dʰeh₁(i) || to suck
|-
| 96 || piix || spit || pičw || to spit || sp(y)eu || to spit
|-
| 97 || gun || vomit || ḳ(ʷ)VʔVʕ || vomit || wem || to vomit
|-
| 98 || suwu || blow || fiwaq || blow || weh₁ || to blow
|-
| 99 || nuusu || breathe || nVsVp || breathe || pneu || to breathe
|-
| 100 || mi || laugh || * || * || (s)mei || to laugh
|-
| 101 || no || see || naʔ || see || weyd || to see
|-
| 102 || gluu || hear || * || * || ḱlew || to hear
|-
| 103 || uwa || know || siwan || know || ǵneh₃ || to know
|-
| 104 || rag || think || lak || think || tong || to think
|-
| 105 || sune || smell || sVn || smell || h₃ed || to smell
|-
| 106 || fuuru || fear || furVh || fear || * || *
|-
| 107 || wam || sleep || wiʕan || sleep || drem || to sleep
|-
| 108 || guw || live || gir || live || gʷeiH₃w || to live
|-
| 109 || mat || die || mawVt || die || mer || to die
|-
| 110 || kun || kill || ɣVwar || kill || gʷʰen || to kill
|-
| 111|| lam || fight || laḥm || fight || * || *
|-
| 112 || xohu || hunt || c̣ayad || hunt || * || *
|-
| 113 || plu || hit || nig(ʕ) || strike || pleh₂k || to hit
|-
| 114 || tag || cut || dac || cut || * || *
|-
| 115 || fudak || split || fVṭVḳ || split || * || *
|-
| 116 || taka || stab || dagwaṣa || stab || * || *
|-
| 117 || kolb || scratch || ʔakul || scratch || gerbʰ || to scratch
|-
| 118 || hot || dig || hut || dig || * || *
|-
| 119 || nuhuu || swim || nVbVy || swim || néh₂-u || to swim
|-
| 120 || pur || fly || pVr || fly || pet || to fly
|-
| 121 || krod || walk || ŝVʔŝVʔ || walk || gʰredʰ || to walk
|-
| 122 || jam || come || may || come || gʷem || to come
|-
| 123 || luk || lie || * || * || legʰ || to lie
|-
| 124 || sdus || sit || tis || sit || sed || to sit
|-
| 125 || sta || stand|| ĉawVʔ || stand || steh₂ || to stand
|-
| 126 || han || turn || ʕVn || turn || * || *
|-
| 127 || du || fall || diḥ || fall || * || *
|-
| 128 || bula || give || barVʕ || give || deh₃ || to give
|-
| 129 || suk || hold || kum || hold || segʰ || to hold
|-
| 130 || xad || squeeze || ĉVḥaṭ || squeeze || * || *
|-
| 131 || malu || rub || ʕVruk || rub || melh₁ || to rub
|-
| 132 || luw || wash || waʕab || wash || leh₂w || to wash
|-
| 133 || fut || wipe || fVtt || wipe || * || *
|-
| 134 || ta || pull || ʔitaḥ || pull || * || *
|-
| 135 || tuu || push || tur || push || * || *
|-
| 136 || fup || throw || ĉVl || throw || swep || to throw
|-
| 137 || kanuu || tie || ḳanVw || tie || * || *
|-
| 138 || siihuup || sew || ʕVḳVp || sew || syuh₁ || to sew
|-
| 139 || uud || count || ʕud || count || * || *
|-
| 140 || ka || say || kaw || say || * || *
|-
| 141 || gan || sing || gaʔ || sing || kan || to sing
|-
| 142 || ruh || play || riw || play || * || *
|-
| 143 || daf || float || ṭaf || float || * || *
|-
| 144 || balal || flow || bVl(Vl) || flow || * || *
|-
| 145 || gurux || freeze || ḳVrVs || freeze || * || *
|-
| 146 || ba || swell || bVʕ || swell || * || *
|-
| 147 || azo || sun || ʔaǯ || sun || sóh₂wl̥ || sun
|-
| 148 || muhiin || moon || ḳiḥ || moon || mḗh₁n̥s || moon
|-
| 149 || ustiir || star || suhw || star || h₂stḗr || star
|-
| 150 || ma || water || maʔ || water || h₂ekʷeh₂ || water
|-
| 151 || muun || rain || buʕun || rain || h₂ekmon || rain
|-
| 152 || uke || river || siw/ʔVn || river || h₂ekw-eh₂ || river
|-
| 153 || hup || lake || wVʕVr || lake || h₂ep || lake
|-
| 154 || uam || sea || yam || sea || * || *
|-
| 155 || ham || salt || ḥamʕ/ʔ || salt || sal || salt
|-
| 156 || akmo || stone || ḥak || stone || h₂ekmon || stone
|-
| 157 || bor || sand || bur || sand || * || *
|-
| 158 || fe || dust || fay/ʔ || sand || pers || dust
|-
| 159 || aric || earth || ʔariĉ̣ || earth || dʰéǵʰōm || earth
|-
| 160 || nebo || cloud || ɣay/wb || cloud || nébʰos || cloud
|-
| 161 || snuuf || fog || luf || fog || sneudh || fog
|-
| 162 || ra || sky || raw || sky || * || *
|-
| 163 || sawa || wind || sa(w/yV)ḥ || wind || ḱewero || wind
|-
| 164 || snu || snow || * || * || sneigwh || snow
|-
| 165 || uk || ice || * || * || yeg || ice
|-
| 166 || damo || smoke || daʕar || smoke || dʰuh₁mós || smoke
|-
| 167 || jur || fire || gir || fire || h₁égnis || fire
|-
| 168 || juur || ash || gur || ash || h₃és-i || ash
|-
| 169 || iir || burn || ʔu/ir || burn || swel || to burn
|-
| 170 || pan || road || darib || road || pent || road
|-
| 171 || wuur || mountain || ḫurs || mountain || gʷerh₃ || mountain
|-
| 172 || ton || red || dVm || red || h₁rewdʰós || red
|-
| 173 || uurug || green || wVraḳ || green || * || *
|-
| 174 || kam || yellow || caḥm || yellow || k(e)nhkos || yellow
|-
| 175 || abos || white || c̣aḥ || white || h₂elbʰós || white
|-
| 176 || cum || black || č̣ilam || black || h₂ems || black
|-
| 177 || naku || night || naw/yn || night || nókʷts || night
|-
| 178 || ura || day || hVraw/y || day || h₂eǵh || day
|-
| 179 || san || year || san || year || yeHr || year
|-
| 180 || surs || warm || sirVf || warm || tep || warm
|-
| 181 || juuwa || cold || ḥVwas || cold || gel || cold
|-
| 182 || uuro || full || ḫVr || full || pl̥h₁nós || full
|-
| 183 || meho || new || may/ʔ || new || néwos || new
|-
| 184 || hasun || old || yas || old || senh₁ó || old
|-
| 185 || mor || good || mVr || good || h₁su || good
|-
| 186 || awab || bad || yaway || bad || h₂wap || bad
|-
| 187 || pog || rotten || buḳ || be rotten || * || *
|-
| 188 || suud || dirty || suʔit || be dirty || * || *
|-
| 189 || iisar || straight || yasar || straight || * || *
|-
| 190 || topol || round || dVbVl || round || * || *
|-
| 191 || zud || sharp || ħadd || sharp || h₂eḱ || sharp
|-
| 192 || bwado || dull || pVṭVs || flatten || * || *
|-
| 193 || ulak || smooth || ḥalaḳ || be smooth || * || *
|-
| 194 || uda || wet || daʔ || wet || wed || wet
|-
| 195 || tuuz || dry || kVʒ || dry || ters || dry
|-
| 196 || maro || correct || marVʕ || be true || * || *
|-
| 197 || kerf || near || qâróv || near || * || *
|-
| 198 || wu || far || way || far || wi || far
|-
| 199 || duluum || right || walyam || right || deḱs || right
|-
| 200 || xuwas || left || šimāl || left || sewyós || left
|-
| 201 || apii || at || ba || at || opi || at
|-
| 202 || pun || in || bi || in || (h₁?)en || in
|-
| 203 || bu || with || bi || with || pe || with
|-
| 204 || kwa || and || wa || and || kʷe || and
|-
| 205 || am || if || ʾim, || if || * || *
|-
| 206 || budal || because || biğlal || because || * || *
|-
| 207 || xiinam || name || sim || name || h₁nómn̥ || name
|-
| * || an || ancestor || * || * || h₂en- || ancestor
|-
| * || dudar || brother || di/ad || brother || bʰréh₂tēr || brother
|-
| * || susar || sister || si/ut || sister || swésōr || sister
|-
| * || zanuu || son || ʒ/ǯaʔ || son || suHnús || son
|-
| * || datu || daughter || si/ut || daughter || dʰugh₂tḗr || daughter
|-
| * || * || * || * || * || * || *
|-
| * || * || * || * || * || * || *
|-
| * || * || * || * || * || * || *
|}

[[Category:Languages]] [[Category:Conlangs]] [[Category:A posteriori]] [[Nanyse]]

Lax An

2014-06-10T21:12:29Z

Zomborgs: /* Consonants */

{{privatelang}}{{construction}}

The '''Lax-An''' language (LA) is the linguistic reconstruction of the first language spoken by those (Humans) first brought into (the Void). Scholars hypothesize that LA was the result of a merging of Proto-Indo-European and Proto-Afro-Asiatic languages and estimate that it was spoken as a simple language until (year) (era), when the language was split into (Proto-Scholar) and (Proto-Dev-Merc-Polit) due to cultural isolation and exposure to both new cultures and new vocabulary.

The existence of LA was first proved in the (*** century) by (name), who observed the use of a unique, well-defined language used by the first (wave) of (Humans) while researching historical records held by (the First). Efforts have since been made to continue analysis and documentation of both the culture and the language used by this first era of (Humans) whenever possible.

==Phonology==

===Consonants===

PIE
Labiovelar consonants include [kw, gw, xw, ngw] which are pronounced like [k, g, x, ng] but with rounded lips.
Velars are consonants articulated with the back part of the tongue (the dorsum) against the soft palate (the back part of the roof of the mouth, known also as the velum). They include [k, g, x, ng].
Palatovelar consonants are articulated with the back part of the tongue against the hard palate. They include [k', g', x', ng']. For example, [k'] is pronounced as the k in keen.

voiced and voiceless pharyngeal fricatives;
a glottal stop that is used to distinguish word meaning;
a three-way contrast between voiced, voiceless, and emphatic consonants which may be realized as velarized, glottalized, pharyngealized, ejective, orimplosive.
use of semivowels /w/ and /j/ in the role of consonants

'''Alternative notations:''' The aspirated stops are sometimes written as {{PIE|*bh, *dh, *ǵh, *gh, *gʷh}}; for the palatals, {{PIE|*k̑, *g̑}} are often used; and {{PIE|*i̯, *u̯}} can replace {{PIE|*y, *w}}.

The following are the main characteristics of PIE consonants:
*PIE had a large number of [[stop consonant|stop]]s, but few [[fricative]]s. The traditional (pre-laryngeal) reconstruction included only one fricative, {{PIE|*s}}; however, the modern theory includes three additional fricatives, commonly known as [[laryngeal theory|laryngeals]] and assumed to have been pronounced far back in the mouth (i.e. [[Fricative consonant#Central non-sibilant fricatives|velar]], [[uvular fricative|uvular]]{{disambiguation needed|date=March 2013}}, [[pharyngeal consonant|pharyngeal]] and/or [[glottal fricative|glottal]]{{disambiguation needed|date=March 2013}}). Laryngeals disappeared from all PIE languages except (to some extent) the [[Anatolian language]]s, but reveal themselves in their effects on nearby sounds. For example, short {{PIE|*e}} adjacent to {{PIE|*h₂}} and {{PIE|*h₃}} is colored to {{PIE|*a}} and {{PIE|*o}}, respectively, and short vowels preceding a laryngeal are usually lengthened. The exact [[Laryngeal theory#Pronunciation|pronunciation of the laryngeals]] is disputed; some linguists have even asserted that {{PIE|*h₁}} might not have been a fricative at all, but a [[glottal stop]].

{| class="wikitable IPA"
|+ Correspondences in Afro-Asian languages
! Proto-Afroasiatic
! Proto-Semitic
! Egyptian
! Berber
|-
| *ṭ
| *ṭ
| d(~t)
| *ḍ [dˁ] / *ṭ (→ *ṭṭ [tˁː])
|-
|
| *ð
| ?? d
| *z
|-
|
| *θ
| s, ?? š}}
| *s
|-
|
| *θ̣
| ḏ-
| *ẓ [zˁ]
|-
|
| *ṣ [(t)sʼ]
| ḏ
| *ẓ [zˤ]
|-
|
| *ɣ
| χ-, ʕ- ?
| *h
|-
|
| *ʕ
| ʕ
| *H-
|-
! Proto-Afroasiatic
! Proto-Semitic
! Egyptian
! Berber
|}

{|class="wikitable"
|-
!rowspan="2" colspan="2"|
!rowspan="2"|Labial
!rowspan="2"|Coronal
!rowspan="2"|Palatal
!colspan="2"|Dorsal
!rowspan="2"|Laryngeal
!rowspan="2"|Pharyngeal
|-
!"plain velar"
!"labiovelar"
|-
!colspan="2"|Nasal
|align=center|[[w:Bilabial_nasal|m]]
|align=center|[[w:Alveolar_nasal|n]]
|
|
|
|
|
|-
!rowspan="3"|Plosive||
voiceless
|align=center|[[w:Voiceless_bilabial_stop|p]]
|align=center|[[w:Voiceless_alveolar_stop|t]]
|
|align=center|[[w:Voiceless_velar_stop|k]]
|align=center|[[w:Q|kʷ]]
|
| 
|-
!Voiced
|align=center|[[w:Voiced_bilabial_stop|b]]
|align=center|[[w:Voiced_alveolar_stop|d]]
|
|align=center|[[w:Voiced_velar_stop|g]]
|align=center|*gʷ
|
| 
|-
!Aspirated
|align=center|*bʰ
|align=center|*dʰ
|
|align=center|*gʰ
|align=center|*gʷʰ
|
| 
|-
!colspan="2"|Fricative
|
|align=center|[[w:Voiceless_alveolar_sibilant|s]]
|align=center|[[w:Voiceless_palatal_fricative|h₁]]
|
|
|align=center|*h₃
|align=center|[[w:Voiceless_pharyngeal_fricative|h₂]]
|-
!colspan="2"|Liquid
|
|align=center|[[w:Alveolar_trill|r]], [[w:Alveolar_lateral_approximant|l]]
|
|
|
|
|
|-
!colspan="2"|Semivowel
|
|
|align=center|[[w:Palatal_approximant|y]]
|
|align=center|[[w:Labio-velar_approximant|w]]
|
|
|}

===Vowels===
Lax An used an seven-vowel system which consisted of the short vowels /a/, /i/, /u/ and long /e/, /ii/, /o/, /uu/

{| class="wikitable" border="1" style="text-align:center"
|+ Vowels
! rowspan="2" |  
! colspan="2" | [[w:Front vowel|Front]]
! colspan="2" | [[w:Central vowel|Central]]
! colspan="2" | [[w:Back vowel|Back]]
|-
! short !! long
! short !! long
! short !! long
|-
! [[w:Close vowel|High]]
| [[w:Near-close_near-front_unrounded_vowel|/ɪ/]] || [[w:Close_front_unrounded_vowel|/iː/]]
| colspan="2" |  
| [[w:Near-close_near-back_rounded_vowel|/ʊ/]] || [[w:Close_back_rounded_vowel|/uː/]]
|-
! [[w:Mid vowel|Mid]]
| || [[w:Close-mid_front_unrounded_vowel|/eː/]]
| colspan="2"| 
| || [[w:Close-mid_back_rounded_vowel|/oː/]]
|-
! [[w:Open vowel|Low]]
| colspan="2" |  
| [[w:Open_front_unrounded_vowel|/a/]] ||
| colspan="2" |  
|}

==Morphology==

==Syntax==

==Vocabulary==

{| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width: 700px; text-align: center;"
|+Lax An Vocabulary
|-
! Number !! Lax An Word !! Lax An Word Meaning !! Proto-Afroasiatic Word !! Proto-AA Word Meaning !! Proto-Indoeuropean Word !! Proto-IE Word Meaning
|-
| 1 || ama || I || ʾanā || I || me || I
|-
| 2 || atuu || you (sing) || atta || you || túh₂ || you
|-
| 3 || huu || he || hú || he || * || *
|-
| 4 || wuva || we || nəħna || we || wéy || we
|-
| 5 || uuton || you (pl) || attōn || you || yū || you
|-
| 6 || hum || they || hum || they || * || *
|-
| 7 || kad || this || hāðē || this || kod || this
|-
| 8 || tad || that || hāhu || that || tód || that
|-
| 9 || uuna || here || hunā || here || * || *
|-
| 10 || uunag || there || hunāka || there || * || *
|-
| 11 || manus || who || mannu || who || kʷis || who
|-
| 12 || me || what || mā || what || * || *
|-
| 13 || egu || where || ʾaykā || where || * || *
|-
| 14 || mofe || when || mâθay || when || * || *
|-
| 15 || egun || how || ʾaykan || how || * || *
|-
| 16 || na || not || ma || not || ne || not
|-
| 17 || duum || all || tVm || all || * || *
|-
| 18 || hal || many || HawVl || many || * || *
|-
| 19 || kalo || some || kmā || some || kaylo, solwo || some
|-
| 20 || adat || few || ḫədāṭ || few || * || *
|-
| 21 || elfru || other || ʾaħér || other || h₂el-yó || other
|-
| 22 || vonuu || one, 1 || ʾaħadu || one || (H)óynos || one
|-
| 23 || bwash || two, 2 || baʕiĉ̣ || two || dwóh₁ || two
|-
| 24 || xeyas || three, 3 || šalāš || three || tréyes || three
|-
| 25 || tworba || four, 4 || ʾarbaʿ || four || kʷetwóres || four
|-
| 26 || uubun || five, 5 || ḫ/ḥup/bin || five || pénkʷe || five
|-
| 27 || kof || big || kabVr || big || * || *
|-
| 28 || luug || long || ĉaʔd || long || dluh₂gʰós || long
|-
| 29 || leufo || wide || rəħub || wide || * || *
|-
| 30 || fun || thick || ʿvīṭā || thick || bʰenǵʰ || thick
|-
| 31 || jaluu || heavy || ɣaluč̣ || heavy || gʷer(h₂) || heavy
|-
| 32 || gus || small || kus || small || mey || small
|-
| 33 || rugos || short || qâṣâr || short || mreǵʰú || short
|-
| 34 || hunga || narrow || qatnu || narrow || h₂enǵʰ || narrow
|-
| 35 || tanuus || thin || rVḳ || thin || ténh₂us || thin
|-
| 36 || gamun || female || ʔamin || woman || gʷḗn || woman
|-
| 37 || xuro || male || ʒ/ǯa || man || wiHrós || man
|-
| 38 || manica || human being || ga/ič(-aʔ) || human being || mánus || human being
|-
| 39 || puwuud || child || w/yVd || child || nepeh₃t || grandson/nephew
|-
| 40 || uxo || wife || ʾiššâ || wife || snúsos || daugter-in-law
|-
| 41 || dawa || husband || ḥawVy || husband || *daywe || husband's brother
|-
| 42 || mamu || mother || ʔVma || mother || méh₂tēr || mother
|-
| 43 || papu || father || bab || father || ph₂tḗr || father
|-
| 44 || oneum || animal || ʕum-ʕam || animal || * || *
|-
| 45 || kuu || fish || bus || fish || dʰǵʰu || fish
|-
| 46 || suwa || bird || sabaḥ || bird || h₂éwis || bird
|-
| 47 || kor || dog || kayar || dog || ḱwṓ || dog
|-
| 48 || niin || louse || ʔint || louse || knid || louse
|-
| 49 || sufan || snake || sVf || snake || h₂engwi || snake
|-
| 50 || rom || worm || dVm || worm || wr̥mi || worm
|-
| 51 || dowuu || tree || rVwVy || tree || dóru || tree
|-
| 52 || cuur || forest || suʕVr || forest || * || *
|-
| 53 || gadso || stick || guʕad || stick || ǵhasto || stick
|-
| 54 || bar || fruit || pi/ar || fruit || * || *
|-
| 55 || xul || seed || či/ul || seed || * || *
|-
| 56 || sup || leaf || ĉap || leaf || * || *
|-
| 57 || sura || root || ĉVr || root || wréh₂ds || root
|-
| 58 || gog || bark || ḳaw(ḳ) || bark of tree || * || *
|-
| 59 || uumpa || flower || ʔanbab || flower || * || *
|-
| 60 || sen || grass || sayam || grass || koino || grass
|-
| 61 || suul || rope || sur || rope || * || *
|-
| 62 || apu || skin || ʔad-Vm || skin || pel || skin
|-
| 63 || mux || meat || fVʔ || meat || mēms || meat
|-
| 64 || uxa || blood || dam || blood || h₁ésh₂r̥ || blood
|-
| 65 || gas || bone || ḳ(ʷ)as || bone || kost || bone
|-
| 66 || taruu || fat || pidar || fat || smeru || fat
|-
| 67 || zaho || egg || sawVḥ || egg || h₂ōwyóm || egg
|-
| 68 || ko || horn || ḳar || horn || koru || horn
|-
| 69 || cu || tail || č̣ihr || tail || * || *
|-
| 70 || sa || feather || ŝakʷ || feather || * || *
|-
| 71 || fol || hair || sVʔVm || hair || pulh₂ || hair
|-
| 72 || kal || head || gVl(gVl) || head || kaput || head
|-
| 73 || os || ear || sim || ear || h₂ows || ear
|-
| 74 || ehuuk || eye || ʕayVn || eye || h₃ekʷ || eye
|-
| 75 || niiha || nose || naḫVr || nose || hnéh₂s || nose
|-
| 76 || ufas || mouth || ʔa-pay || mouth || h₁oh₁s || mouth
|-
| 77 || aduus || tooth || kV(ʔ)Vs || tooth || h₃dónts || tooth
|-
| 78 || lax || tongue || lis || tongue || dn̥ǵʰwéh₂s || tongue
|-
| 79 || nak || fingernail || gu/iĉ || fingernail || h₃nógʰ(r)o || fingernail
|-
| 80 || gob || foot || ĉayṗ || foot || pṓds || foot
|-
| 81 || rosgo || leg || wa(ʕ)r || leg || kroksko || leg
|-
| 82 || kuna || knee || g(ʷ)inʒ || knee || ǵónu || knee
|-
| 83 || tepa || hand || ṭapiḥ || hand || man || hand
|-
| 84 || gam || wing || ganVḥ || wing || * || *
|-
| 85 || huuduu || belly || hun || belly || udero || belly
|-
| 86 || iita || guts || * || * || eh₁ter || guts
|-
| 87 || gad || neck || ḳard || neck || mon || neck
|-
| 88 || ya || back || yiʔ || back || * || *
|-
| 89 || sdam || breast || ʔa-nwan || breast || psten || breast
|-
| 90 || kiil || heart || li/ubb || heart || ḱḗr || heart
|-
| 91 || uhiiwa || liver || tiraw/ʔ || liver || yeh₁kwr̥ || liver
|-
| 92 || ag || drink || ʕab || drink || h₁egʷʰ || to drink
|-
| 93 || ud || eat || birVh || eat || h₁ed || to eat
|-
| 94 || kuk || bite || ḳVḳ || bite || denḱ || to bite
|-
| 95 || ok || suck || ni/uḳ || suck || dʰeh₁(i) || to suck
|-
| 96 || piix || spit || pičw || to spit || sp(y)eu || to spit
|-
| 97 || gun || vomit || ḳ(ʷ)VʔVʕ || vomit || wem || to vomit
|-
| 98 || suwu || blow || fiwaq || blow || weh₁ || to blow
|-
| 99 || nuusu || breathe || nVsVp || breathe || pneu || to breathe
|-
| 100 || mi || laugh || * || * || (s)mei || to laugh
|-
| 101 || no || see || naʔ || see || weyd || to see
|-
| 102 || gluu || hear || * || * || ḱlew || to hear
|-
| 103 || uwa || know || siwan || know || ǵneh₃ || to know
|-
| 104 || rag || think || lak || think || tong || to think
|-
| 105 || sune || smell || sVn || smell || h₃ed || to smell
|-
| 106 || fuuru || fear || furVh || fear || * || *
|-
| 107 || wam || sleep || wiʕan || sleep || drem || to sleep
|-
| 108 || guw || live || gir || live || gʷeiH₃w || to live
|-
| 109 || mat || die || mawVt || die || mer || to die
|-
| 110 || kun || kill || ɣVwar || kill || gʷʰen || to kill
|-
| 111|| lam || fight || laḥm || fight || * || *
|-
| 112 || xohu || hunt || c̣ayad || hunt || * || *
|-
| 113 || plu || hit || nig(ʕ) || strike || pleh₂k || to hit
|-
| 114 || tag || cut || dac || cut || * || *
|-
| 115 || fudak || split || fVṭVḳ || split || * || *
|-
| 116 || taka || stab || dagwaṣa || stab || * || *
|-
| 117 || kolb || scratch || ʔakul || scratch || gerbʰ || to scratch
|-
| 118 || hot || dig || hut || dig || * || *
|-
| 119 || nuhuu || swim || nVbVy || swim || néh₂-u || to swim
|-
| 120 || pur || fly || pVr || fly || pet || to fly
|-
| 121 || krod || walk || ŝVʔŝVʔ || walk || gʰredʰ || to walk
|-
| 122 || jam || come || may || come || gʷem || to come
|-
| 123 || luk || lie || * || * || legʰ || to lie
|-
| 124 || sdus || sit || tis || sit || sed || to sit
|-
| 125 || sta || stand|| ĉawVʔ || stand || steh₂ || to stand
|-
| 126 || han || turn || ʕVn || turn || * || *
|-
| 127 || du || fall || diḥ || fall || * || *
|-
| 128 || bula || give || barVʕ || give || deh₃ || to give
|-
| 129 || suk || hold || kum || hold || segʰ || to hold
|-
| 130 || xad || squeeze || ĉVḥaṭ || squeeze || * || *
|-
| 131 || malu || rub || ʕVruk || rub || melh₁ || to rub
|-
| 132 || luw || wash || waʕab || wash || leh₂w || to wash
|-
| 133 || fut || wipe || fVtt || wipe || * || *
|-
| 134 || ta || pull || ʔitaḥ || pull || * || *
|-
| 135 || tuu || push || tur || push || * || *
|-
| 136 || fup || throw || ĉVl || throw || swep || to throw
|-
| 137 || kanuu || tie || ḳanVw || tie || * || *
|-
| 138 || siihuup || sew || ʕVḳVp || sew || syuh₁ || to sew
|-
| 139 || uud || count || ʕud || count || * || *
|-
| 140 || ka || say || kaw || say || * || *
|-
| 141 || gan || sing || gaʔ || sing || kan || to sing
|-
| 142 || ruh || play || riw || play || * || *
|-
| 143 || daf || float || ṭaf || float || * || *
|-
| 144 || balal || flow || bVl(Vl) || flow || * || *
|-
| 145 || gurux || freeze || ḳVrVs || freeze || * || *
|-
| 146 || ba || swell || bVʕ || swell || * || *
|-
| 147 || azo || sun || ʔaǯ || sun || sóh₂wl̥ || sun
|-
| 148 || muhiin || moon || ḳiḥ || moon || mḗh₁n̥s || moon
|-
| 149 || ustiir || star || suhw || star || h₂stḗr || star
|-
| 150 || ma || water || maʔ || water || h₂ekʷeh₂ || water
|-
| 151 || muun || rain || buʕun || rain || h₂ekmon || rain
|-
| 152 || uke || river || siw/ʔVn || river || h₂ekw-eh₂ || river
|-
| 153 || hup || lake || wVʕVr || lake || h₂ep || lake
|-
| 154 || uam || sea || yam || sea || * || *
|-
| 155 || ham || salt || ḥamʕ/ʔ || salt || sal || salt
|-
| 156 || akmo || stone || ḥak || stone || h₂ekmon || stone
|-
| 157 || bor || sand || bur || sand || * || *
|-
| 158 || fe || dust || fay/ʔ || sand || pers || dust
|-
| 159 || aric || earth || ʔariĉ̣ || earth || dʰéǵʰōm || earth
|-
| 160 || nebo || cloud || ɣay/wb || cloud || nébʰos || cloud
|-
| 161 || snuuf || fog || luf || fog || sneudh || fog
|-
| 162 || ra || sky || raw || sky || * || *
|-
| 163 || sawa || wind || sa(w/yV)ḥ || wind || ḱewero || wind
|-
| 164 || snu || snow || * || * || sneigwh || snow
|-
| 165 || uk || ice || * || * || yeg || ice
|-
| 166 || damo || smoke || daʕar || smoke || dʰuh₁mós || smoke
|-
| 167 || jur || fire || gir || fire || h₁égnis || fire
|-
| 168 || juur || ash || gur || ash || h₃és-i || ash
|-
| 169 || iir || burn || ʔu/ir || burn || swel || to burn
|-
| 170 || pan || road || darib || road || pent || road
|-
| 171 || wuur || mountain || ḫurs || mountain || gʷerh₃ || mountain
|-
| 172 || ton || red || dVm || red || h₁rewdʰós || red
|-
| 173 || uurug || green || wVraḳ || green || * || *
|-
| 174 || kam || yellow || caḥm || yellow || k(e)nhkos || yellow
|-
| 175 || abos || white || c̣aḥ || white || h₂elbʰós || white
|-
| 176 || cum || black || č̣ilam || black || h₂ems || black
|-
| 177 || naku || night || naw/yn || night || nókʷts || night
|-
| 178 || ura || day || hVraw/y || day || h₂eǵh || day
|-
| 179 || san || year || san || year || yeHr || year
|-
| 180 || surs || warm || sirVf || warm || tep || warm
|-
| 181 || juuwa || cold || ḥVwas || cold || gel || cold
|-
| 182 || uuro || full || ḫVr || full || pl̥h₁nós || full
|-
| 183 || meho || new || may/ʔ || new || néwos || new
|-
| 184 || hasun || old || yas || old || senh₁ó || old
|-
| 185 || mor || good || mVr || good || h₁su || good
|-
| 186 || awab || bad || yaway || bad || h₂wap || bad
|-
| 187 || pog || rotten || buḳ || be rotten || * || *
|-
| 188 || suud || dirty || suʔit || be dirty || * || *
|-
| 189 || iisar || straight || yasar || straight || * || *
|-
| 190 || topol || round || dVbVl || round || * || *
|-
| 191 || zud || sharp || ħadd || sharp || h₂eḱ || sharp
|-
| 192 || bwado || dull || pVṭVs || flatten || * || *
|-
| 193 || ulak || smooth || ḥalaḳ || be smooth || * || *
|-
| 194 || uda || wet || daʔ || wet || wed || wet
|-
| 195 || tuuz || dry || kVʒ || dry || ters || dry
|-
| 196 || maro || correct || marVʕ || be true || * || *
|-
| 197 || kerf || near || qâróv || near || * || *
|-
| 198 || wu || far || way || far || wi || far
|-
| 199 || duluum || right || walyam || right || deḱs || right
|-
| 200 || xuwas || left || šimāl || left || sewyós || left
|-
| 201 || apii || at || ba || at || opi || at
|-
| 202 || pun || in || bi || in || (h₁?)en || in
|-
| 203 || bu || with || bi || with || pe || with
|-
| 204 || kwa || and || wa || and || kʷe || and
|-
| 205 || am || if || ʾim, || if || * || *
|-
| 206 || budal || because || biğlal || because || * || *
|-
| 207 || xiinam || name || sim || name || h₁nómn̥ || name
|-
| * || an || ancestor || * || * || h₂en- || ancestor
|-
| * || dudar || brother || di/ad || brother || bʰréh₂tēr || brother
|-
| * || susar || sister || si/ut || sister || swésōr || sister
|-
| * || zanuu || son || ʒ/ǯaʔ || son || suHnús || son
|-
| * || datu || daughter || si/ut || daughter || dʰugh₂tḗr || daughter
|-
| * || * || * || * || * || * || *
|-
| * || * || * || * || * || * || *
|-
| * || * || * || * || * || * || *
|}

[[Category:Languages]] [[Category:Conlangs]] [[Category:A posteriori]] [[Nanyse]]

Lax An

2014-06-10T21:06:31Z

Zomborgs: /* Consonants */

{{privatelang}}{{construction}}

The '''Lax-An''' language (LA) is the linguistic reconstruction of the first language spoken by those (Humans) first brought into (the Void). Scholars hypothesize that LA was the result of a merging of Proto-Indo-European and Proto-Afro-Asiatic languages and estimate that it was spoken as a simple language until (year) (era), when the language was split into (Proto-Scholar) and (Proto-Dev-Merc-Polit) due to cultural isolation and exposure to both new cultures and new vocabulary.

The existence of LA was first proved in the (*** century) by (name), who observed the use of a unique, well-defined language used by the first (wave) of (Humans) while researching historical records held by (the First). Efforts have since been made to continue analysis and documentation of both the culture and the language used by this first era of (Humans) whenever possible.

==Phonology==

===Consonants===

PIE
Labiovelar consonants include [kw, gw, xw, ngw] which are pronounced like [k, g, x, ng] but with rounded lips.
Velars are consonants articulated with the back part of the tongue (the dorsum) against the soft palate (the back part of the roof of the mouth, known also as the velum). They include [k, g, x, ng].
Palatovelar consonants are articulated with the back part of the tongue against the hard palate. They include [k', g', x', ng']. For example, [k'] is pronounced as the k in keen.

voiced and voiceless pharyngeal fricatives;
a glottal stop that is used to distinguish word meaning;
a three-way contrast between voiced, voiceless, and emphatic consonants which may be realized as velarized, glottalized, pharyngealized, ejective, orimplosive.
use of semivowels /w/ and /j/ in the role of consonants

'''Alternative notations:''' The aspirated stops are sometimes written as {{PIE|*bh, *dh, *ǵh, *gh, *gʷh}}; for the palatals, {{PIE|*k̑, *g̑}} are often used; and {{PIE|*i̯, *u̯}} can replace {{PIE|*y, *w}}.

The following are the main characteristics of PIE consonants:
*PIE had a large number of [[stop consonant|stop]]s, but few [[fricative]]s. The traditional (pre-laryngeal) reconstruction included only one fricative, {{PIE|*s}}; however, the modern theory includes three additional fricatives, commonly known as [[laryngeal theory|laryngeals]] and assumed to have been pronounced far back in the mouth (i.e. [[Fricative consonant#Central non-sibilant fricatives|velar]], [[uvular fricative|uvular]]{{disambiguation needed|date=March 2013}}, [[pharyngeal consonant|pharyngeal]] and/or [[glottal fricative|glottal]]{{disambiguation needed|date=March 2013}}). Laryngeals disappeared from all PIE languages except (to some extent) the [[Anatolian language]]s, but reveal themselves in their effects on nearby sounds. For example, short {{PIE|*e}} adjacent to {{PIE|*h₂}} and {{PIE|*h₃}} is colored to {{PIE|*a}} and {{PIE|*o}}, respectively, and short vowels preceding a laryngeal are usually lengthened. The exact [[Laryngeal theory#Pronunciation|pronunciation of the laryngeals]] is disputed; some linguists have even asserted that {{PIE|*h₁}} might not have been a fricative at all, but a [[glottal stop]].

{| class="wikitable IPA"
|+ Correspondences in Afro-Asian languages
! Proto-Afroasiatic
! Proto-Semitic
! Egyptian
! Berber
|-
| *ṭ
| *ṭ
| d(~t)
| *ḍ [dˁ] / *ṭ (→ *ṭṭ [tˁː])
|-
|
| *ð
| ?? d
| *z
|-
|
| *θ
| s, ?? š}}
| *s
|-
|
| *θ̣
| ḏ-
| *ẓ [zˁ]
|-
|
| *ṣ [(t)sʼ]
| ḏ
| *ẓ [zˤ]
|-
|
| *ɣ
| χ-, ʕ- ?
| *h
|-
|
| *χ
| χ, ẖ, ħ
| *H-
|-
|
| *ʕ
| ʕ
| *H-
|-
|
| *h
| ı͗-
| *h, *h
|-
! Proto-Afroasiatic
! Proto-Semitic
! Egyptian
! Berber
|}

{|class="wikitable"
|-
!rowspan="2" colspan="2"|
!rowspan="2"|Labial
!rowspan="2"|Coronal
!rowspan="2"|Palatal
!colspan="2"|Dorsal
!rowspan="2"|Laryngeal
!rowspan="2"|Pharyngeal
|-
!"plain velar"
!"labiovelar"
|-
!colspan="2"|Nasal
|align=center|[[w:Bilabial_nasal|m]]
|align=center|[[w:Alveolar_nasal|n]]
|
|
|
|
|
|-
!rowspan="3"|Plosive||
voiceless
|align=center|[[w:Voiceless_bilabial_stop|p]]
|align=center|[[w:Voiceless_alveolar_stop|t]]
|
|align=center|[[w:Voiceless_velar_stop|k]]
|align=center|[[w:Q|kʷ]]
|
| 
|-
!Voiced
|align=center|[[w:Voiced_bilabial_stop|b]]
|align=center|[[w:Voiced_alveolar_stop|d]]
|
|align=center|[[w:Voiced_velar_stop|g]]
|align=center|*gʷ
|
| 
|-
!Aspirated
|align=center|*bʰ
|align=center|*dʰ
|
|align=center|*gʰ
|align=center|*gʷʰ
|
| 
|-
!colspan="2"|Fricative
|
|align=center|[[w:Voiceless_alveolar_sibilant|s]]
|
|
|
|align=center|*h₁, *h₃
|align=center|[[w:Voiceless_pharyngeal_fricative|h₂]]
|-
!colspan="2"|Liquid
|
|align=center|[[w:Alveolar_trill|r]], [[w:Alveolar_lateral_approximant|l]]
|
|
|
|
|
|-
!colspan="2"|Semivowel
|
|
|align=center|[[w:Palatal_approximant|y]]
|
|align=center|[[w:Labio-velar_approximant|w]]
|
|
|}

===Vowels===
Lax An used an seven-vowel system which consisted of the short vowels /a/, /i/, /u/ and long /e/, /ii/, /o/, /uu/

{| class="wikitable" border="1" style="text-align:center"
|+ Vowels
! rowspan="2" |  
! colspan="2" | [[w:Front vowel|Front]]
! colspan="2" | [[w:Central vowel|Central]]
! colspan="2" | [[w:Back vowel|Back]]
|-
! short !! long
! short !! long
! short !! long
|-
! [[w:Close vowel|High]]
| [[w:Near-close_near-front_unrounded_vowel|/ɪ/]] || [[w:Close_front_unrounded_vowel|/iː/]]
| colspan="2" |  
| [[w:Near-close_near-back_rounded_vowel|/ʊ/]] || [[w:Close_back_rounded_vowel|/uː/]]
|-
! [[w:Mid vowel|Mid]]
| || [[w:Close-mid_front_unrounded_vowel|/eː/]]
| colspan="2"| 
| || [[w:Close-mid_back_rounded_vowel|/oː/]]
|-
! [[w:Open vowel|Low]]
| colspan="2" |  
| [[w:Open_front_unrounded_vowel|/a/]] ||
| colspan="2" |  
|}

==Morphology==

==Syntax==

==Vocabulary==

{| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width: 700px; text-align: center;"
|+Lax An Vocabulary
|-
! Number !! Lax An Word !! Lax An Word Meaning !! Proto-Afroasiatic Word !! Proto-AA Word Meaning !! Proto-Indoeuropean Word !! Proto-IE Word Meaning
|-
| 1 || ama || I || ʾanā || I || me || I
|-
| 2 || atuu || you (sing) || atta || you || túh₂ || you
|-
| 3 || huu || he || hú || he || * || *
|-
| 4 || wuva || we || nəħna || we || wéy || we
|-
| 5 || uuton || you (pl) || attōn || you || yū || you
|-
| 6 || hum || they || hum || they || * || *
|-
| 7 || kad || this || hāðē || this || kod || this
|-
| 8 || tad || that || hāhu || that || tód || that
|-
| 9 || uuna || here || hunā || here || * || *
|-
| 10 || uunag || there || hunāka || there || * || *
|-
| 11 || manus || who || mannu || who || kʷis || who
|-
| 12 || me || what || mā || what || * || *
|-
| 13 || egu || where || ʾaykā || where || * || *
|-
| 14 || mofe || when || mâθay || when || * || *
|-
| 15 || egun || how || ʾaykan || how || * || *
|-
| 16 || na || not || ma || not || ne || not
|-
| 17 || duum || all || tVm || all || * || *
|-
| 18 || hal || many || HawVl || many || * || *
|-
| 19 || kalo || some || kmā || some || kaylo, solwo || some
|-
| 20 || adat || few || ḫədāṭ || few || * || *
|-
| 21 || elfru || other || ʾaħér || other || h₂el-yó || other
|-
| 22 || vonuu || one, 1 || ʾaħadu || one || (H)óynos || one
|-
| 23 || bwash || two, 2 || baʕiĉ̣ || two || dwóh₁ || two
|-
| 24 || xeyas || three, 3 || šalāš || three || tréyes || three
|-
| 25 || tworba || four, 4 || ʾarbaʿ || four || kʷetwóres || four
|-
| 26 || uubun || five, 5 || ḫ/ḥup/bin || five || pénkʷe || five
|-
| 27 || kof || big || kabVr || big || * || *
|-
| 28 || luug || long || ĉaʔd || long || dluh₂gʰós || long
|-
| 29 || leufo || wide || rəħub || wide || * || *
|-
| 30 || fun || thick || ʿvīṭā || thick || bʰenǵʰ || thick
|-
| 31 || jaluu || heavy || ɣaluč̣ || heavy || gʷer(h₂) || heavy
|-
| 32 || gus || small || kus || small || mey || small
|-
| 33 || rugos || short || qâṣâr || short || mreǵʰú || short
|-
| 34 || hunga || narrow || qatnu || narrow || h₂enǵʰ || narrow
|-
| 35 || tanuus || thin || rVḳ || thin || ténh₂us || thin
|-
| 36 || gamun || female || ʔamin || woman || gʷḗn || woman
|-
| 37 || xuro || male || ʒ/ǯa || man || wiHrós || man
|-
| 38 || manica || human being || ga/ič(-aʔ) || human being || mánus || human being
|-
| 39 || puwuud || child || w/yVd || child || nepeh₃t || grandson/nephew
|-
| 40 || uxo || wife || ʾiššâ || wife || snúsos || daugter-in-law
|-
| 41 || dawa || husband || ḥawVy || husband || *daywe || husband's brother
|-
| 42 || mamu || mother || ʔVma || mother || méh₂tēr || mother
|-
| 43 || papu || father || bab || father || ph₂tḗr || father
|-
| 44 || oneum || animal || ʕum-ʕam || animal || * || *
|-
| 45 || kuu || fish || bus || fish || dʰǵʰu || fish
|-
| 46 || suwa || bird || sabaḥ || bird || h₂éwis || bird
|-
| 47 || kor || dog || kayar || dog || ḱwṓ || dog
|-
| 48 || niin || louse || ʔint || louse || knid || louse
|-
| 49 || sufan || snake || sVf || snake || h₂engwi || snake
|-
| 50 || rom || worm || dVm || worm || wr̥mi || worm
|-
| 51 || dowuu || tree || rVwVy || tree || dóru || tree
|-
| 52 || cuur || forest || suʕVr || forest || * || *
|-
| 53 || gadso || stick || guʕad || stick || ǵhasto || stick
|-
| 54 || bar || fruit || pi/ar || fruit || * || *
|-
| 55 || xul || seed || či/ul || seed || * || *
|-
| 56 || sup || leaf || ĉap || leaf || * || *
|-
| 57 || sura || root || ĉVr || root || wréh₂ds || root
|-
| 58 || gog || bark || ḳaw(ḳ) || bark of tree || * || *
|-
| 59 || uumpa || flower || ʔanbab || flower || * || *
|-
| 60 || sen || grass || sayam || grass || koino || grass
|-
| 61 || suul || rope || sur || rope || * || *
|-
| 62 || apu || skin || ʔad-Vm || skin || pel || skin
|-
| 63 || mux || meat || fVʔ || meat || mēms || meat
|-
| 64 || uxa || blood || dam || blood || h₁ésh₂r̥ || blood
|-
| 65 || gas || bone || ḳ(ʷ)as || bone || kost || bone
|-
| 66 || taruu || fat || pidar || fat || smeru || fat
|-
| 67 || zaho || egg || sawVḥ || egg || h₂ōwyóm || egg
|-
| 68 || ko || horn || ḳar || horn || koru || horn
|-
| 69 || cu || tail || č̣ihr || tail || * || *
|-
| 70 || sa || feather || ŝakʷ || feather || * || *
|-
| 71 || fol || hair || sVʔVm || hair || pulh₂ || hair
|-
| 72 || kal || head || gVl(gVl) || head || kaput || head
|-
| 73 || os || ear || sim || ear || h₂ows || ear
|-
| 74 || ehuuk || eye || ʕayVn || eye || h₃ekʷ || eye
|-
| 75 || niiha || nose || naḫVr || nose || hnéh₂s || nose
|-
| 76 || ufas || mouth || ʔa-pay || mouth || h₁oh₁s || mouth
|-
| 77 || aduus || tooth || kV(ʔ)Vs || tooth || h₃dónts || tooth
|-
| 78 || lax || tongue || lis || tongue || dn̥ǵʰwéh₂s || tongue
|-
| 79 || nak || fingernail || gu/iĉ || fingernail || h₃nógʰ(r)o || fingernail
|-
| 80 || gob || foot || ĉayṗ || foot || pṓds || foot
|-
| 81 || rosgo || leg || wa(ʕ)r || leg || kroksko || leg
|-
| 82 || kuna || knee || g(ʷ)inʒ || knee || ǵónu || knee
|-
| 83 || tepa || hand || ṭapiḥ || hand || man || hand
|-
| 84 || gam || wing || ganVḥ || wing || * || *
|-
| 85 || huuduu || belly || hun || belly || udero || belly
|-
| 86 || iita || guts || * || * || eh₁ter || guts
|-
| 87 || gad || neck || ḳard || neck || mon || neck
|-
| 88 || ya || back || yiʔ || back || * || *
|-
| 89 || sdam || breast || ʔa-nwan || breast || psten || breast
|-
| 90 || kiil || heart || li/ubb || heart || ḱḗr || heart
|-
| 91 || uhiiwa || liver || tiraw/ʔ || liver || yeh₁kwr̥ || liver
|-
| 92 || ag || drink || ʕab || drink || h₁egʷʰ || to drink
|-
| 93 || ud || eat || birVh || eat || h₁ed || to eat
|-
| 94 || kuk || bite || ḳVḳ || bite || denḱ || to bite
|-
| 95 || ok || suck || ni/uḳ || suck || dʰeh₁(i) || to suck
|-
| 96 || piix || spit || pičw || to spit || sp(y)eu || to spit
|-
| 97 || gun || vomit || ḳ(ʷ)VʔVʕ || vomit || wem || to vomit
|-
| 98 || suwu || blow || fiwaq || blow || weh₁ || to blow
|-
| 99 || nuusu || breathe || nVsVp || breathe || pneu || to breathe
|-
| 100 || mi || laugh || * || * || (s)mei || to laugh
|-
| 101 || no || see || naʔ || see || weyd || to see
|-
| 102 || gluu || hear || * || * || ḱlew || to hear
|-
| 103 || uwa || know || siwan || know || ǵneh₃ || to know
|-
| 104 || rag || think || lak || think || tong || to think
|-
| 105 || sune || smell || sVn || smell || h₃ed || to smell
|-
| 106 || fuuru || fear || furVh || fear || * || *
|-
| 107 || wam || sleep || wiʕan || sleep || drem || to sleep
|-
| 108 || guw || live || gir || live || gʷeiH₃w || to live
|-
| 109 || mat || die || mawVt || die || mer || to die
|-
| 110 || kun || kill || ɣVwar || kill || gʷʰen || to kill
|-
| 111|| lam || fight || laḥm || fight || * || *
|-
| 112 || xohu || hunt || c̣ayad || hunt || * || *
|-
| 113 || plu || hit || nig(ʕ) || strike || pleh₂k || to hit
|-
| 114 || tag || cut || dac || cut || * || *
|-
| 115 || fudak || split || fVṭVḳ || split || * || *
|-
| 116 || taka || stab || dagwaṣa || stab || * || *
|-
| 117 || kolb || scratch || ʔakul || scratch || gerbʰ || to scratch
|-
| 118 || hot || dig || hut || dig || * || *
|-
| 119 || nuhuu || swim || nVbVy || swim || néh₂-u || to swim
|-
| 120 || pur || fly || pVr || fly || pet || to fly
|-
| 121 || krod || walk || ŝVʔŝVʔ || walk || gʰredʰ || to walk
|-
| 122 || jam || come || may || come || gʷem || to come
|-
| 123 || luk || lie || * || * || legʰ || to lie
|-
| 124 || sdus || sit || tis || sit || sed || to sit
|-
| 125 || sta || stand|| ĉawVʔ || stand || steh₂ || to stand
|-
| 126 || han || turn || ʕVn || turn || * || *
|-
| 127 || du || fall || diḥ || fall || * || *
|-
| 128 || bula || give || barVʕ || give || deh₃ || to give
|-
| 129 || suk || hold || kum || hold || segʰ || to hold
|-
| 130 || xad || squeeze || ĉVḥaṭ || squeeze || * || *
|-
| 131 || malu || rub || ʕVruk || rub || melh₁ || to rub
|-
| 132 || luw || wash || waʕab || wash || leh₂w || to wash
|-
| 133 || fut || wipe || fVtt || wipe || * || *
|-
| 134 || ta || pull || ʔitaḥ || pull || * || *
|-
| 135 || tuu || push || tur || push || * || *
|-
| 136 || fup || throw || ĉVl || throw || swep || to throw
|-
| 137 || kanuu || tie || ḳanVw || tie || * || *
|-
| 138 || siihuup || sew || ʕVḳVp || sew || syuh₁ || to sew
|-
| 139 || uud || count || ʕud || count || * || *
|-
| 140 || ka || say || kaw || say || * || *
|-
| 141 || gan || sing || gaʔ || sing || kan || to sing
|-
| 142 || ruh || play || riw || play || * || *
|-
| 143 || daf || float || ṭaf || float || * || *
|-
| 144 || balal || flow || bVl(Vl) || flow || * || *
|-
| 145 || gurux || freeze || ḳVrVs || freeze || * || *
|-
| 146 || ba || swell || bVʕ || swell || * || *
|-
| 147 || azo || sun || ʔaǯ || sun || sóh₂wl̥ || sun
|-
| 148 || muhiin || moon || ḳiḥ || moon || mḗh₁n̥s || moon
|-
| 149 || ustiir || star || suhw || star || h₂stḗr || star
|-
| 150 || ma || water || maʔ || water || h₂ekʷeh₂ || water
|-
| 151 || muun || rain || buʕun || rain || h₂ekmon || rain
|-
| 152 || uke || river || siw/ʔVn || river || h₂ekw-eh₂ || river
|-
| 153 || hup || lake || wVʕVr || lake || h₂ep || lake
|-
| 154 || uam || sea || yam || sea || * || *
|-
| 155 || ham || salt || ḥamʕ/ʔ || salt || sal || salt
|-
| 156 || akmo || stone || ḥak || stone || h₂ekmon || stone
|-
| 157 || bor || sand || bur || sand || * || *
|-
| 158 || fe || dust || fay/ʔ || sand || pers || dust
|-
| 159 || aric || earth || ʔariĉ̣ || earth || dʰéǵʰōm || earth
|-
| 160 || nebo || cloud || ɣay/wb || cloud || nébʰos || cloud
|-
| 161 || snuuf || fog || luf || fog || sneudh || fog
|-
| 162 || ra || sky || raw || sky || * || *
|-
| 163 || sawa || wind || sa(w/yV)ḥ || wind || ḱewero || wind
|-
| 164 || snu || snow || * || * || sneigwh || snow
|-
| 165 || uk || ice || * || * || yeg || ice
|-
| 166 || damo || smoke || daʕar || smoke || dʰuh₁mós || smoke
|-
| 167 || jur || fire || gir || fire || h₁égnis || fire
|-
| 168 || juur || ash || gur || ash || h₃és-i || ash
|-
| 169 || iir || burn || ʔu/ir || burn || swel || to burn
|-
| 170 || pan || road || darib || road || pent || road
|-
| 171 || wuur || mountain || ḫurs || mountain || gʷerh₃ || mountain
|-
| 172 || ton || red || dVm || red || h₁rewdʰós || red
|-
| 173 || uurug || green || wVraḳ || green || * || *
|-
| 174 || kam || yellow || caḥm || yellow || k(e)nhkos || yellow
|-
| 175 || abos || white || c̣aḥ || white || h₂elbʰós || white
|-
| 176 || cum || black || č̣ilam || black || h₂ems || black
|-
| 177 || naku || night || naw/yn || night || nókʷts || night
|-
| 178 || ura || day || hVraw/y || day || h₂eǵh || day
|-
| 179 || san || year || san || year || yeHr || year
|-
| 180 || surs || warm || sirVf || warm || tep || warm
|-
| 181 || juuwa || cold || ḥVwas || cold || gel || cold
|-
| 182 || uuro || full || ḫVr || full || pl̥h₁nós || full
|-
| 183 || meho || new || may/ʔ || new || néwos || new
|-
| 184 || hasun || old || yas || old || senh₁ó || old
|-
| 185 || mor || good || mVr || good || h₁su || good
|-
| 186 || awab || bad || yaway || bad || h₂wap || bad
|-
| 187 || pog || rotten || buḳ || be rotten || * || *
|-
| 188 || suud || dirty || suʔit || be dirty || * || *
|-
| 189 || iisar || straight || yasar || straight || * || *
|-
| 190 || topol || round || dVbVl || round || * || *
|-
| 191 || zud || sharp || ħadd || sharp || h₂eḱ || sharp
|-
| 192 || bwado || dull || pVṭVs || flatten || * || *
|-
| 193 || ulak || smooth || ḥalaḳ || be smooth || * || *
|-
| 194 || uda || wet || daʔ || wet || wed || wet
|-
| 195 || tuuz || dry || kVʒ || dry || ters || dry
|-
| 196 || maro || correct || marVʕ || be true || * || *
|-
| 197 || kerf || near || qâróv || near || * || *
|-
| 198 || wu || far || way || far || wi || far
|-
| 199 || duluum || right || walyam || right || deḱs || right
|-
| 200 || xuwas || left || šimāl || left || sewyós || left
|-
| 201 || apii || at || ba || at || opi || at
|-
| 202 || pun || in || bi || in || (h₁?)en || in
|-
| 203 || bu || with || bi || with || pe || with
|-
| 204 || kwa || and || wa || and || kʷe || and
|-
| 205 || am || if || ʾim, || if || * || *
|-
| 206 || budal || because || biğlal || because || * || *
|-
| 207 || xiinam || name || sim || name || h₁nómn̥ || name
|-
| * || an || ancestor || * || * || h₂en- || ancestor
|-
| * || dudar || brother || di/ad || brother || bʰréh₂tēr || brother
|-
| * || susar || sister || si/ut || sister || swésōr || sister
|-
| * || zanuu || son || ʒ/ǯaʔ || son || suHnús || son
|-
| * || datu || daughter || si/ut || daughter || dʰugh₂tḗr || daughter
|-
| * || * || * || * || * || * || *
|-
| * || * || * || * || * || * || *
|-
| * || * || * || * || * || * || *
|}

[[Category:Languages]] [[Category:Conlangs]] [[Category:A posteriori]] [[Nanyse]]