Bemé - Revision history

Jukethatbox: /* Swadesh */

2026-05-19T17:41:51Z

Swadesh

← Older revision		Revision as of 17:41, 19 May 2026
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	\|know=shtan		\|know=shtan
	\|think=tink		\|think=tink
	\|smell=~~padun~~		\|smell=ngos
	\|fear=piyeh		\|fear=piyeh
	\|sleep=slip		\|sleep=slip

Jukethatbox: /* Portuguese-Kabao Pidgin */

2026-05-17T21:02:59Z

Portuguese-Kabao Pidgin

← Older revision		Revision as of 21:02, 17 May 2026
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	==History==		==History==
	===Portuguese-Kabao Pidgin===		===Portuguese-Kabao Pidgin===
	The [[w:Portuguese colonial empire\|Portuguese]] under [[w:Goa\|Goan]] explorer Custódio Cortes initially attempted to colonise the Poccasin Archipelago between 1775 and 1783. On the island of Kabao, native to the [[Kabao]] people, the Portuguese established the colony of '''Santa Maria Cheia de Graça''' at Cape Cristo, and built two churches, the Egreja d'Oeste de Santa Maria Cheia de Graça and the Egreja d'Este de Santa Maria Cheia de Graça; the former would eventually give its name to the Cassim Po ''colonia'' of Westchurch. Initial relations with the indigenous Kabao were tetchy, culminating in a disastrous expedition known as the Death March of the Thousand (''A Marcha da Morte dos Mil'') where Cortes and an an army of 1,000 colonists attempted to route a group of Kabao raiders further north on the island, but ended up in unmapped rainforest and were ambushed, losing about 700 in the process through disease, starvation and violence. After this, relations cooled and Cortes was reassigned to establish new colonies, one of them eventually becoming the city of Patria on [[Saint Columban]]. The expanding Santa Maria Cheia de Graça colony occasionally still came into conflict with the Kabao, but otherwise the two sides were peaceful and regularly exchanged items, which catalysed the development of a '''Portuguese-Kabao pidgin''', the first predecessor of modern Bemé.		The [[w:Portuguese colonial empire\|Portuguese]] under [[w:Goa\|Goan]] explorer Custódio Cortes initially attempted to colonise the Poccasin Archipelago between 1775 and 1783. On the island of Kabao, native to the [[Kabao]] people, the Portuguese established the colony of '''Santa Maria Cheia de Graça''' at Cape Cristo, and built two churches, the Egreja d'Oeste de Santa Maria Cheia de Graça and the Egreja d'Este de Santa Maria Cheia de Graça; the former would eventually give its name to the Cassim Po ''colonia'' of Westchurch. Initial relations with the indigenous Kabao were tetchy, culminating in a disastrous expedition known as the Death March of the Thousand (''A Marcha da Morte dos Mil'') where Cortes and an an army of 1,000 colonists attempted to route a group of Kabao raiders further north on the island, but ended up in unmapped rainforest and were ambushed, losing about 700 in the process through disease, starvation and violence. After this, relations cooled and Cortes was reassigned to establish new colonies, one of them eventually becoming the city of Patria on [[Saint Columban]]. The expanding Santa Maria Cheia de Graça colony occasionally still came into conflict with the Kabao, but otherwise the two sides were peaceful and regularly exchanged items, which catalysed the development of a '''Portuguese-Kabao pidgin''', the first predecessor of modern Bemé. It is named "''Portuguese''-Kabao pidgin" because Portuguese seemed to have been the main [[w:Lexifier\|lexifier]] of the language.

	A manuscript penned by a colonist only known by the name of "António Filipe" details a vocabulary list of this pidgin, probably spoken between 1780-1799:		A manuscript penned by a colonist only known by the name of "António Filipe" details a vocabulary list of this pidgin, probably spoken between 1780-1799:
Line 59:		Line 59:
	! Pidginised Kabao glossary !! Modern Kabao !! Portuguese glossary !! Bemé translation !! English translation		! Pidginised Kabao glossary !! Modern Kabao !! Portuguese glossary !! Bemé translation !! English translation
	\|-		\|-
	\| ''~~Esecutato~~'' \|\| ''Darwgisa'' \|\| ''Escutá'' \|\| ''Lis eh'' \|\| Listen		\| ''Esecuta tu'' \|\| ''Darwgisa'' \|\| ''Escutá'' \|\| ''Lis eh'' \|\| Listen
	\|-		\|-
	\| ''~~Babó~~'' \|\| ''Badbo'' \|\| ''Quanto custa'' \|\| ''Wa pis dis'' \|\| How much is that		\| ''Babô'' \|\| ''Badbo'' \|\| ''Quanto custa'' \|\| ''Wa pis dis'' \|\| How much is that
			\|-
			\| ''Bô que-que ao me'' \|\|
			\|-
			\| ''Dude ao tu'' \|\| ''Dwdinongo'' \|\| ''Vai-te foder'' \|\| ''Duj eh yu'' \|\| F*ck you
			\|-
			\| ''Nin-nin me kompraguí'' \|\| ''Ajun kambariki'' \|\| ''Não vou comprar nada'' \|\| ''Mi neh wan beyin tingting'' \|\| I won't buy anything
	\|-		\|-
	\| ''amãga'' \|\| ''amanga'' / ''baribwa'' \|\| {{l\|pt\|manga}} \|\| {{l\|beme\|mega}} \|\| mango		\| ''amãga'' \|\| ''amanga'' / ''baribwa'' \|\| {{l\|pt\|manga}} \|\| {{l\|beme\|mega}} \|\| mango

Jukethatbox: /* Portuguese-Kabao Pidgin */

2026-05-17T17:08:51Z

Portuguese-Kabao Pidgin

← Older revision		Revision as of 17:08, 17 May 2026
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	\| ''Babó'' \|\| ''Badbo'' \|\| ''Quanto custa'' \|\| ''Wa pis dis'' \|\| How much is that		\| ''Babó'' \|\| ''Badbo'' \|\| ''Quanto custa'' \|\| ''Wa pis dis'' \|\| How much is that
	\|-		\|-
	\| ''amãga'' \|\| ''amanga'' / ''baribwa'' \|\| {{l\|pt\|manga}} \|\| {{l\|beme\|~~menga~~}} \|\| mango		\| ''amãga'' \|\| ''amanga'' / ''baribwa'' \|\| {{l\|pt\|manga}} \|\| {{l\|beme\|mega}} \|\| mango
	\|-		\|-
	\| ''lima'' \|\| ''lima'' \|\| {{l\|pt\|lima}} \|\| {{l\|beme\|lima}} \|\| lime		\| ''lima'' \|\| ''lima'' \|\| {{l\|pt\|lima}} \|\| {{l\|beme\|lima}} \|\| lime

Jukethatbox: /* Portuguese-Kabao Pidgin */

2026-05-17T10:23:31Z

Portuguese-Kabao Pidgin

← Older revision		Revision as of 10:23, 17 May 2026
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	! Pidginised Kabao glossary !! Modern Kabao !! Portuguese glossary !! Bemé translation !! English translation		! Pidginised Kabao glossary !! Modern Kabao !! Portuguese glossary !! Bemé translation !! English translation
	\|-		\|-
	\| ''~~Isecutato~~'' \|\| ''~~Darwgiza~~'' \|\| ''Escutá'' \|\| ''Lis eh'' \|\| Listen		\| ''Esecutato'' \|\| ''Darwgisa'' \|\| ''Escutá'' \|\| ''Lis eh'' \|\| Listen
	\|-		\|-
	\| ''Babó'' \|\| ''Badbo'' \|\| ''Quanto custa'' \|\| ''Wa pis dis'' \|\| How much is that		\| ''Babó'' \|\| ''Badbo'' \|\| ''Quanto custa'' \|\| ''Wa pis dis'' \|\| How much is that
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	\| ''bako'', ''bakoko'' \|\| ''bako'' \|\| {{l\|pt\|coco}} \|\| {{l\|beme\|bakoko}} \|\| coconut		\| ''bako'', ''bakoko'' \|\| ''bako'' \|\| {{l\|pt\|coco}} \|\| {{l\|beme\|bakoko}} \|\| coconut
	\|}		\|}

	==''Tak'' vs ''kriyal''==		==''Tak'' vs ''kriyal''==
	Bemé incorporates a [[w:Post-creole continuum\|creole continuum]], but unlike other creole continua such as that of [[w:Jamaican Patois\|Jamaican Patois]], Bemé speakers do not consider the continuum to have '''mesolectal''' levels, instead only distinguishing between acrolectal ''tak'' and basilectal ''kriyal''. ''Tak'' is often described as the official government Bemé, used on street signs, government buildings and in most Bemé literature, while ''kriyal'' is often described as the vernacular forms of Bemé spoken outside of the contexts of ''Tak''. For example, the vernacular Bemé of young people can be considered ''kriyal''; but the use of Bemé by older, illiterate speakers may also be considered ''kriyal''.		Bemé incorporates a [[w:Post-creole continuum\|creole continuum]], but unlike other creole continua such as that of [[w:Jamaican Patois\|Jamaican Patois]], Bemé speakers do not consider the continuum to have '''mesolectal''' levels, instead only distinguishing between acrolectal ''tak'' and basilectal ''kriyal''. ''Tak'' is often described as the official government Bemé, used on street signs, government buildings and in most Bemé literature, while ''kriyal'' is often described as the vernacular forms of Bemé spoken outside of the contexts of ''Tak''. For example, the vernacular Bemé of young people can be considered ''kriyal''; but the use of Bemé by older, illiterate speakers may also be considered ''kriyal''.

Jukethatbox at 00:18, 14 May 2026

2026-05-14T00:18:58Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 00:18, 14 May 2026
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	===''Kriyal''===		===''Kriyal''===
	''[[Contionary:kriyal\|Kriyal]]'' ([[IPA for Bemé\|[kɹ̥ijal]]], [[IPA for Bemé\|[tɹ̥ijal]]] or [[IPA for Bemé\|[tʃɹ̥ijal]]]) is a less commonly used term, and is derived from ~~the English word~~ {{l\|en\|~~creole~~}}. Although originally referring to the entire language in the same manner as ''Bemé''/''Bemeh'', nowadays it is mostly used to refer to [[w:Basilect\|basilectal]] varieties of the language, though older speakers may still refer to the language as a whole as ''kriyal''.		''[[Contionary:kriyal\|Kriyal]]'' ([[IPA for Bemé\|[kɹ̥ijal]]], [[IPA for Bemé\|[tɹ̥ijal]]] or [[IPA for Bemé\|[tʃɹ̥ijal]]]) is a less commonly used term, and is derived from {{mn\|en\|Creole}}, originally from {{mn\|pt\|crioulo}} and ultimately derived from {{mn\|la\|creō}}. Although originally referring to the entire language in the same manner as ''Bemé''/''Bemeh'', nowadays it is mostly used to refer to [[w:Basilect\|basilectal]] varieties of the language, though older speakers may still refer to the language as a whole as ''kriyal''.

	The word ''kriyal'' (sometimes spelt ''kriyel'' in [[Columbé\|Columban]]) is also used by [[Columbé]] and [[Bijun Creole]] speakers to refer to their own varieties of Bemé.		The word ''kriyal'' (sometimes spelt ''kriyel'' in [[Columbé\|Columban]]) is also used by [[Columbé]] and [[Bijun Creole]] speakers to refer to their own varieties of Bemé.

			==History==
			===Portuguese-Kabao Pidgin===
			The [[w:Portuguese colonial empire\|Portuguese]] under [[w:Goa\|Goan]] explorer Custódio Cortes initially attempted to colonise the Poccasin Archipelago between 1775 and 1783. On the island of Kabao, native to the [[Kabao]] people, the Portuguese established the colony of '''Santa Maria Cheia de Graça''' at Cape Cristo, and built two churches, the Egreja d'Oeste de Santa Maria Cheia de Graça and the Egreja d'Este de Santa Maria Cheia de Graça; the former would eventually give its name to the Cassim Po ''colonia'' of Westchurch. Initial relations with the indigenous Kabao were tetchy, culminating in a disastrous expedition known as the Death March of the Thousand (''A Marcha da Morte dos Mil'') where Cortes and an an army of 1,000 colonists attempted to route a group of Kabao raiders further north on the island, but ended up in unmapped rainforest and were ambushed, losing about 700 in the process through disease, starvation and violence. After this, relations cooled and Cortes was reassigned to establish new colonies, one of them eventually becoming the city of Patria on [[Saint Columban]]. The expanding Santa Maria Cheia de Graça colony occasionally still came into conflict with the Kabao, but otherwise the two sides were peaceful and regularly exchanged items, which catalysed the development of a '''Portuguese-Kabao pidgin''', the first predecessor of modern Bemé.

			A manuscript penned by a colonist only known by the name of "António Filipe" details a vocabulary list of this pidgin, probably spoken between 1780-1799:
			{\| class=wikitable style="text-align: center;"
			! Pidginised Kabao glossary !! Modern Kabao !! Portuguese glossary !! Bemé translation !! English translation
			\|-
			\| ''Isecutato'' \|\| ''Darwgiza'' \|\| ''Escutá'' \|\| ''Lis eh'' \|\| Listen
			\|-
			\| ''Babó'' \|\| ''Badbo'' \|\| ''Quanto custa'' \|\| ''Wa pis dis'' \|\| How much is that
			\|-
			\| ''amãga'' \|\| ''amanga'' / ''baribwa'' \|\| {{l\|pt\|manga}} \|\| {{l\|beme\|menga}} \|\| mango
			\|-
			\| ''lima'' \|\| ''lima'' \|\| {{l\|pt\|lima}} \|\| {{l\|beme\|lima}} \|\| lime
			\|-
			\| ''bako'', ''bakoko'' \|\| ''bako'' \|\| {{l\|pt\|coco}} \|\| {{l\|beme\|bakoko}} \|\| coconut
			\|}
	==''Tak'' vs ''kriyal''==		==''Tak'' vs ''kriyal''==
	Bemé incorporates a [[w:Post-creole continuum\|creole continuum]], but unlike other creole continua such as that of [[w:Jamaican Patois\|Jamaican Patois]], Bemé speakers do not consider the continuum to have '''mesolectal''' levels, instead only distinguishing between acrolectal ''tak'' and basilectal ''kriyal''. ''Tak'' is often described as the official government Bemé, used on street signs, government buildings and in most Bemé literature, while ''kriyal'' is often described as the vernacular forms of Bemé spoken outside of the contexts of ''Tak''. For example, the vernacular Bemé of young people can be considered ''kriyal''; but the use of Bemé by older, illiterate speakers may also be considered ''kriyal''.		Bemé incorporates a [[w:Post-creole continuum\|creole continuum]], but unlike other creole continua such as that of [[w:Jamaican Patois\|Jamaican Patois]], Bemé speakers do not consider the continuum to have '''mesolectal''' levels, instead only distinguishing between acrolectal ''tak'' and basilectal ''kriyal''. ''Tak'' is often described as the official government Bemé, used on street signs, government buildings and in most Bemé literature, while ''kriyal'' is often described as the vernacular forms of Bemé spoken outside of the contexts of ''Tak''. For example, the vernacular Bemé of young people can be considered ''kriyal''; but the use of Bemé by older, illiterate speakers may also be considered ''kriyal''.
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	: Vincent: ''Ah, so kas dat risun, ey pok dan ab gud peson, im grag eh bi deti edag.''		: Vincent: ''Ah, so kas dat risun, ey pok dan ab gud peson, im grag eh bi deti edag.''
	: Jules: ''Eh, wi la mos takin eh wan neys teting pok, yameh, im mos bi teng tey pro neys den dat Arnold ni Green Acres!''		: Jules: ''Eh, wi la mos takin eh wan neys teting pok, yameh, im mos bi teng tey pro neys den dat Arnold ni Green Acres!''

	~~===Seventh Linguifex Relay===~~
	~~<small>'''''Bemé''' is taking part in the [[Seventh Linguifex Relay]] in seat 10. This section will be filled in once the relay ends.''</small><br>~~

	==See also==		==See also==
	* [[:Category:Bemé ~~words~~]]		* [[:Category:Bemé lemmas]]
	* [[Caine orthography]]		* [[Caine orthography]]
	[[Category:Bemé language]] [[Category:Conlangs]] [[Category:Languages]] [[Category:Creole languages]]		[[Category:Bemé language]] [[Category:Conlangs]] [[Category:Languages]] [[Category:Creole languages]]

Sware at 15:35, 6 May 2026

2026-05-06T15:35:27Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:35, 6 May 2026
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	* [[:Category:Bemé words]]		* [[:Category:Bemé words]]
	* [[Caine orthography]]		* [[Caine orthography]]
	[[Category:Bemé]] [[Category:Conlangs]] [[Category:Languages]] [[Category:Creole languages]]		[[Category:Bemé language]] [[Category:Conlangs]] [[Category:Languages]] [[Category:Creole languages]]

Jukethatbox: /* "Pigs are filthy animals" */

2026-05-05T16:55:26Z

"Pigs are filthy animals"

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:55, 5 May 2026
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	: Jules: ''Neh mang, mi na itin pok.''		: Jules: ''Neh mang, mi na itin pok.''
	: Vincent: ''Yu bi yudim?''		: Vincent: ''Yu bi yudim?''
	: Jules: ''Neh mang, mi na yudim, mi jis na ~~digin~~ pok, lalo.''		: Jules: ''Neh mang, mi na yudim, mi jis na lekin pok, lalo.''
	: Vincent: ''~~Wa lek~~ neh?''		: Vincent: ''Wanyu neh?''
	: Jules: ''Pok bi deti edag. Mi na itin deti edag.''		: Jules: ''Pok bi deti edag. Mi na itin deti edag.''
	: Vincent: ''Yeh, ba bekon tes gud. Pok chop tes gud.''		: Vincent: ''Yeh, ba bekon tes gud. Pok chop tes gud.''

Jukethatbox: /* Verbs */

2026-05-03T12:50:42Z

Verbs

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:50, 3 May 2026
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	\|-		\|-
	! Present		! Present
	\| ''it'' \|\| ''itin'' \|\| ''~~eh it~~'' \|\| ''~~eh itin~~'' \|\| ''la it'' \|\| ''la itin''		\| ''it'' \|\| ''itin'' \|\| ''itit'' \|\| ''ititin'' \|\| ''la it'' \|\| ''la itin''
	\|-		\|-
	! Past		! Past
	\| ''dan it'' \|\| ''dan itin'' \|\| ''eh dan it'' \|\| ''eh dan ~~itin~~'' \|\| ''la dan it'' \|\| ''la dan itin''		\| ''dan it'' \|\| ''dan itin'' \|\| ''dan itit'' \|\| ''dan ititin'' \|\| ''la dan it'' \|\| ''la dan itin''
	\|-		\|-
	! Future		! Future
	\| ''wan it'' \|\| ''wan itin'' \|\| ''eh wan it'' \|\| ''eh wan ~~itin~~'' \|\| ''la wan it'' \|\| ''la wan itin''		\| ''wan it'' \|\| ''wan itin'' \|\| ''wan itit'' \|\| ''wan ititin'' \|\| ''la wan it'' \|\| ''la wan itin''
	\|}		\|}
	====Transitivity====		====Transitivity====
	Similarly to [[w:Tok Pisin\|Tok Pisin]], verbs are made transitive by the suffix ''-in''. The suffix is only not placed after a transitive verb when the verb is imperative.		Similarly to [[w:Tok Pisin\|Tok Pisin]], verbs are made transitive by the suffix ''-in''. The suffix is only not placed after a transitive verb when the verb is imperative.
	====Tense, aspect and mood====		====Tense, aspect and mood====
	The completive aspect is shown by the lemma {{l\|beme\|dampini}} (from English ''*done finish''), as in ''im wak '''dampini''''' "he worked", while the continuous aspect is shown with ~~''eh'' before~~ the verb, as in ''im '''eh''' ~~wak~~'' "he is working". ''Dampini'' also means "finished, completed" as an adjective, and is one of few postpositional adjectives in Bemé, as in ''ombewak '''dampini''''' "finished homework".		The completive aspect is shown by the lemma {{l\|beme\|dampini}} (from English ''*done finish''), as in ''im wak '''dampini''''' "he worked", while the continuous aspect is shown with [[w:Reduplication\|reduplication]] of the verb, as in ''im '''wakwak''''' "he is working". ''Dampini'' also means "finished, completed" as an adjective, and is one of few postpositional adjectives in Bemé, as in ''ombewak '''dampini''''' "finished homework".

	Bemé has two officially marked tenses: past and future, marked by the particles ''dan'' and ''wan'' respectively, as in ''mi dan itin bitel'' "I ate food" vs ''mi wan itin bitel'' "I will eat food".		Bemé has two officially marked tenses: past and future, marked by the particles ''dan'' and ''wan'' respectively, as in ''mi dan itin bitel'' "I ate food" vs ''mi wan itin bitel'' "I will eat food".

Jukethatbox at 18:36, 1 May 2026

2026-05-01T18:36:27Z

Jukethatbox: /* Tense, aspect and mood */

2026-05-01T18:32:51Z

Tense, aspect and mood

← Older revision		Revision as of 18:32, 1 May 2026
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	Similarly to [[w:Tok Pisin\|Tok Pisin]], verbs are made transitive by the suffix ''-in''. The suffix is only not placed after a transitive verb when the verb is imperative.		Similarly to [[w:Tok Pisin\|Tok Pisin]], verbs are made transitive by the suffix ''-in''. The suffix is only not placed after a transitive verb when the verb is imperative.
	====Tense, aspect and mood====		====Tense, aspect and mood====
	The completive aspect is shown by the lemma ''dampini''(from English ''*done finish''), as in ''im wak '''dampini''''' "he worked", while the continuous aspect is shown with ''eh'' before the verb, as in ''im '''eh''' wak'' "he is working". ''Dampini'' also means "finished, completed" as an adjective, and is one of few postpositional adjectives in Bemé, as in ''ombewak '''dampini''''' "finished homework".		The completive aspect is shown by the lemma {{l\|beme\|dampini}} (from English ''*done finish''), as in ''im wak '''dampini''''' "he worked", while the continuous aspect is shown with ''eh'' before the verb, as in ''im '''eh''' wak'' "he is working". ''Dampini'' also means "finished, completed" as an adjective, and is one of few postpositional adjectives in Bemé, as in ''ombewak '''dampini''''' "finished homework".

	Bemé has two officially marked tenses: past and future, marked by the particles ''dan'' and ''wan'' respectively, as in ''mi dan itin bitel'' "I ate food" vs ''mi wan itin bitel'' "I will eat food".		Bemé has two officially marked tenses: past and future, marked by the particles ''dan'' and ''wan'' respectively, as in ''mi dan itin bitel'' "I ate food" vs ''mi wan itin bitel'' "I will eat food".

	The [[w:Imperative mood\|imperative mood]] is expressed by placing ''eh'' after the verb, which cannot take the [[#Transitivity\|transitive suffix]] ''-in'' or a [[#Personal pronouns\|personal pronoun]].		The [[w:Imperative mood\|imperative mood]] is expressed by placing ''eh'' after the verb, which cannot take the [[#Transitivity\|transitive suffix]] ''-in'' or a [[#Personal pronouns\|personal pronoun]].

	====Negation====		====Negation====
	Negation on verbs is done by putting ''na'' or ''neh'' before the verb. ''Tak eh Bemeh!'' states that ''na'' should be used for intransitive verbs, while ''neh'' should be used with transitive verbs, a pattern which is typical of most first-language speakers in Cassim Po. However, elsewhere, in ''kriyal'' varieties, ''na'' and ''neh'' are virtually interchangeable.		Negation on verbs is done by putting ''na'' or ''neh'' before the verb. ''Tak eh Bemeh!'' states that ''na'' should be used for intransitive verbs, while ''neh'' should be used with transitive verbs, a pattern which is typical of most first-language speakers in Cassim Po. However, elsewhere, in ''kriyal'' varieties, ''na'' and ''neh'' are virtually interchangeable.

← Older revision		Revision as of 18:36, 1 May 2026
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	''[[Contionary:kriyal\|Kriyal]]'' ([[IPA for Bemé\|[kɹ̥ijal]]], [[IPA for Bemé\|[tɹ̥ijal]]] or [[IPA for Bemé\|[tʃɹ̥ijal]]]) is a less commonly used term, and is derived from the English word {{l\|en\|creole}}. Although originally referring to the entire language in the same manner as ''Bemé''/''Bemeh'', nowadays it is mostly used to refer to [[w:Basilect\|basilectal]] varieties of the language, though older speakers may still refer to the language as a whole as ''kriyal''.		''[[Contionary:kriyal\|Kriyal]]'' ([[IPA for Bemé\|[kɹ̥ijal]]], [[IPA for Bemé\|[tɹ̥ijal]]] or [[IPA for Bemé\|[tʃɹ̥ijal]]]) is a less commonly used term, and is derived from the English word {{l\|en\|creole}}. Although originally referring to the entire language in the same manner as ''Bemé''/''Bemeh'', nowadays it is mostly used to refer to [[w:Basilect\|basilectal]] varieties of the language, though older speakers may still refer to the language as a whole as ''kriyal''.

	The word ''kriyal''(sometimes spelt ''kriyel'' in [[Columbé\|Columban]]) is also used by [[Columbé]] and [[Bijun Creole]] speakers to refer to their own varieties of Bemé.		The word ''kriyal'' (sometimes spelt ''kriyel'' in [[Columbé\|Columban]]) is also used by [[Columbé]] and [[Bijun Creole]] speakers to refer to their own varieties of Bemé.

	==''Tak'' vs ''kriyal''==		==''Tak'' vs ''kriyal''==
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	The distinction between /kr tr tʃr/, as well as between /gr dʒr/, has been historically neutralised, leading to a varying pronunciation:		The distinction between /kr tr tʃr/, as well as between /gr dʒr/, has been historically neutralised, leading to a varying pronunciation:
	* ⟨kr⟩ may be heard as /tɹ̥ kɹ̥ tʃɹ̥/;		* ⟨kr⟩ may be heard as /tɹ̥ kɹ̥ tʃɹ̥/;
	* In the most [[w:Basilect\|basilectal]](''Kriyal'') varieties, the stop may be simply [[w:Aspirated consonant\|strongly aspirated]], leaving /tʰː kʰː tʃʰː/;		* In the most [[w:Basilect\|basilectal]] (''Kriyal'') varieties, the stop may be simply [[w:Aspirated consonant\|strongly aspirated]], leaving /tʰː kʰː tʃʰː/;
	* The realisation may be aspirated [[w:Retroflex consonant\|retroflex]] /ʈʰ/, and similarly [[w:Voiceless retroflex affricate\|affricated]] to /ʈʂ ʈʂʰ/.		* The realisation may be aspirated [[w:Retroflex consonant\|retroflex]] /ʈʰ/, and similarly [[w:Voiceless retroflex affricate\|affricated]] to /ʈʂ ʈʂʰ/.
	The pronunciation of ⟨gr⟩ is less variable; there still exists a distinction between /gr~dʒr/ and /dr/, though /dr/ is extremely rare and only exists in certain words, such as '''''gr'''ag'' "stop (v.)" and '''''dr'''ag'' "drag queen".		The pronunciation of ⟨gr⟩ is less variable; there still exists a distinction between /gr~dʒr/ and /dr/, though /dr/ is extremely rare and only exists in certain words, such as '''''gr'''ag'' "stop (v.)" and '''''dr'''ag'' "drag queen".
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	\| colspan=2 \| /n/ \|\| colspan=2 \| /ɲ/ \|\| -		\| colspan=2 \| /n/ \|\| colspan=2 \| /ɲ/ \|\| -
	\|}		\|}
	The placement of /n/ before /h/ only occurs in one word: {{l\|beme\|Anhara}}, a girl's name of Sasubi origin ([[Sasubi]]: انخارا); the /n/ is pronounced as a [[w:Voiced bilabial nasal\|bilabial nasal]] [m] in standard Bemé and [[Bijun]] but not pronounced whatsoever in [[Columbé]], instead giving /ahaɾa/ or /aːhaɾa/(the first /a/ may be lengthened to compensate for a lack of a /n/). In the original [[Sasubi]], the name is pronounced [[Help:IPA\|[ɐŋxɐˈra]]].		The placement of /n/ before /h/ only occurs in one word: {{l\|beme\|Anhara}}, a girl's name of Sasubi origin ([[Sasubi]]: انخارا); the /n/ is pronounced as a [[w:Voiced bilabial nasal\|bilabial nasal]] [m] in standard Bemé and [[Bijun]] but not pronounced whatsoever in [[Columbé]], instead giving /ahaɾa/ or /aːhaɾa/ (the first /a/ may be lengthened to compensate for a lack of a /n/). In the original [[Sasubi]], the name is pronounced [[Help:IPA\|[ɐŋxɐˈra]]].

	===Vowels===		===Vowels===
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	''im'', although derived from the gendered English word {{l\|en\|him}}, is ungendered and can be roughly translated to "he", "she", "it" or singular "they" depending on context. Older speakers may use {{l\|beme\|shi}} or {{l\|beme\|shya}}/{{l\|beme\|shiya}} (all from English {{l\|en\|she}}) in the same way as ''she'' is used in English, but this word is functionally obsolete in modern Bemé (at best archaic in [[#Patois\|patois]]).		''im'', although derived from the gendered English word {{l\|en\|him}}, is ungendered and can be roughly translated to "he", "she", "it" or singular "they" depending on context. Older speakers may use {{l\|beme\|shi}} or {{l\|beme\|shya}}/{{l\|beme\|shiya}} (all from English {{l\|en\|she}}) in the same way as ''she'' is used in English, but this word is functionally obsolete in modern Bemé (at best archaic in [[#Patois\|patois]]).

	"Paucal" pronouns refer to groups of people, as in ''wi kri'' would mean "some of us", ''yu kri'' means "some of you all", etc. Paucal pronouns are thought to have been borrowed from [[Dadaareg]], constructed by a combination of pronoun + ''kri'' (lit. "three"), as is typical for paucal pronouns in Dadaareg(''tanuk'', ''penuk'', ''lolonuk''). The third-person paucal pronoun, ''imim''/''emem'', is thought to have been derived via [[Ketaserang]] reduplication, a feature typical of Ketaserang for forming plural pronouns.		"Paucal" pronouns refer to groups of people, as in ''wi kri'' would mean "some of us", ''yu kri'' means "some of you all", etc. Paucal pronouns are thought to have been borrowed from [[Dadaareg]], constructed by a combination of pronoun + ''kri'' (lit. "three"), as is typical for paucal pronouns in Dadaareg (''tanuk'', ''penuk'', ''lolonuk''). The third-person paucal pronoun, ''imim''/''emem'', is thought to have been derived via [[Ketaserang]] reduplication, a feature typical of Ketaserang for forming plural pronouns.

	''Tuka'', ''ka'', ''tukeh'' and ''keh'' are all taken from the [[Yabo]] languages, all of which have pronouns along the lines of ''toka'' or ''tokeq''.		''Tuka'', ''ka'', ''tukeh'' and ''keh'' are all taken from the [[Yabo]] languages, all of which have pronouns along the lines of ''toka'' or ''tokeq''.
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	===Word derivation===		===Word derivation===
	Bemé only has specific word derivation rules when deriving a word from an already existing word of a different class; for example, from a verb to a noun. In that case, the prefix ''e-''(possibly derived from English indefinite article ''a'') is added, as in ''shwim'' "to swim" > ''eshwim'' "pool".		Bemé only has specific word derivation rules when deriving a word from an already existing word of a different class; for example, from a verb to a noun. In that case, the prefix ''e-'' (possibly derived from English indefinite article ''a'') is added, as in ''shwim'' "to swim" > ''eshwim'' "pool".
	==Swadesh==		==Swadesh==
	The following table shows the official [[w:Swadesh list\|Swadesh list]] provided by ''Tak eh Bemeh!''.		The following table shows the official [[w:Swadesh list\|Swadesh list]] provided by ''Tak eh Bemeh!''.
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	: Vincent: ''Wa dan eh dag? Dag itin im eh pyuk.''		: Vincent: ''Wa dan eh dag? Dag itin im eh pyuk.''
	: Jules: ''Mi na itin dag nebla.''		: Jules: ''Mi na itin dag nebla.''
	: Vincent: ''Yeh, ba yu tink dag bi deti edag la?''<br>(''Beat''.)		: Vincent: ''Yeh, ba yu tink dag bi deti edag la?''<br> (''Beat''.)
	: Jules: ''Mi na la wan inyeh po kalin dag deti edag, ba erili na pokres edag; ba, dag ab peson. Peson wan long weh.''		: Jules: ''Mi na la wan inyeh po kalin dag deti edag, ba erili na pokres edag; ba, dag ab peson. Peson wan long weh.''
	: Vincent: ''Ah, so kas dat risun, ey pok dan ab gud peson, im grag eh bi deti edag.''		: Vincent: ''Ah, so kas dat risun, ey pok dan ab gud peson, im grag eh bi deti edag.''