Chlouvānem/Phonology - Revision history

Lili21: /* Voiced stops */

2021-09-02T13:17:32Z

Voiced stops

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:17, 2 September 2021
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	: ''buneya'' "female's older sister" {{IPA\|/bunejä/}} – Std., Hiy., Cam. {{IPA\|[bunejä]}}, Līl. {{IPA\|[bunejɐ]}}		: ''buneya'' "female's older sister" {{IPA\|/bunejä/}} – Std., Hiy., Cam. {{IPA\|[bunejä]}}, Līl. {{IPA\|[bunejɐ]}}
	: ''bhaišā'' "drop [of water or other liquids]" {{IPA\|/bʱaɪ̯ɕäː/}} – Std., Hiy. {{IPA\|[bʱaɪ̯ɕäː]}}, Līl. {{IPA\|[bʱæɪ̯ɕɑː]}}, Cam. {{IPA\|[bʱæɪ̯ɕäː]}}		: ''bhaišā'' "drop [of water or other liquids]" {{IPA\|/bʱaɪ̯ɕäː/}} – Std., Hiy. {{IPA\|[bʱaɪ̯ɕäː]}}, Līl. {{IPA\|[bʱæɪ̯ɕɑː]}}, Cam. {{IPA\|[bʱæɪ̯ɕäː]}}
	: ''~~dehām~~'' "mouth" {{IPA\|/~~deɦäːm~~/}} – Std., ~~Līl~~., ~~Hiy~~., ~~Cam~~. {{IPA\|[~~deɦãːm~~]}}		: ''deham'' "mouth" {{IPA\|/deɦäm/}} – Std., Hiy., Cam. {{IPA\|[deɦäm]}}, Līl. {{IPA\|[deɦɐm]}}
	: ''dhāna'' "hand" {{IPA\|/dʱäːnä/}} – Std., Hiy., Cam. {{IPA\|[dʱäːnä]}}, Līl. {{IPA\|[dʱäːnɐ]}}		: ''dhāna'' "hand" {{IPA\|/dʱäːnä/}} – Std., Hiy., Cam. {{IPA\|[dʱäːnä]}}, Līl. {{IPA\|[dʱäːnɐ]}}
	: ''ḍuya'' "okra" {{IPA\|/ɖujä/}} — Std., Hiy., Cam. {{IPA\|[ɖujä]}}, Līl. {{IPA\|[ɖujɐ]}}		: ''ḍuya'' "okra" {{IPA\|/ɖujä/}} — Std., Hiy., Cam. {{IPA\|[ɖujä]}}, Līl. {{IPA\|[ɖujɐ]}}

Lili21: /* Consonants */

2021-09-02T13:16:45Z

Consonants

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:16, 2 September 2021
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	* ''aṣṭrūkas'' — dental consonant (note that Chl. {{IPA\|/n s/}} are actually alveolar)		* ''aṣṭrūkas'' — dental consonant (note that Chl. {{IPA\|/n s/}} are actually alveolar)
	* ''āḍhyāṣūkas'' — retroflex consonant		* ''āḍhyāṣūkas'' — retroflex consonant
	* ''~~dehāṃlūdvūkas~~'' – palatal consonant		* ''dehaṃlūdvūkas'' – palatal consonant
	* ''bhyodilūdvūkas'' — velar consonant		* ''bhyodilūdvūkas'' — velar consonant
	* ''diṇḍhūkas'' — laryngeal consonant ({{IPA\|/Ɂ ɦ/}} are glottal, {{IPA\|/ʀ ɴ ɴ̆/}} uvular, and {{IPA\|/ħ/}} pharyngeal)		* ''diṇḍhūkas'' — laryngeal consonant ({{IPA\|/Ɂ ɦ/}} are glottal, {{IPA\|/ʀ ɴ ɴ̆/}} uvular, and {{IPA\|/ħ/}} pharyngeal)

Lili21: /* /ʋ/ and /j/ */

2021-01-22T09:37:11Z

/ʋ/ and /j/

← Older revision		Revision as of 09:37, 22 January 2021
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	===/ʋ/ and /j/===		===/ʋ/ and /j/===
	{{IPA\|/ʋ/}} has a number of different allophones - {{IPA\|[ʋ v w ʊ̯ f ɸ β]}} being the most common ones - whose presence varies regionally; in some pronunciations, the {{IPA\|[ʋ]}} allophone is not even present. In Standard Chlouvānem, it is {{IPA\|[ʋ]}} all the time except when in an onset and preceding {{IPA\|/ʀ/}} (the only consonant it can e followed by), where it is realized as {{IPA\|[v]}}. This contextual allophone is present in virtually every pronunciation, except for Southern ones, where it is realized in this context as {{IPA\|[w]}}, often followed by an extra-short {{IPA\|[ŭ]}} vowel, except Kælšamīṇṭa and neighboring areas, where the beginning {{IPA\|/ʋʀ/}} cluster is realized as {{IPA\|[ɻ]}}. In the onset, most of the Chlouvānem-speaking world has the same pattern as the Standard, but the Near and Far East use the {{IPA\|[v]}} allophone when preceded by a consonant in the same syllable; the inland Jade Coast (but only sporadically in Līlasuṃghāṇa, where it is typical of young people), meanwhile, uses the {{IPA\|[w]}} allophone when intervocalic.<br/>In the Northern Far East (Kaitajaša, or the historical Toyubeshian lands), prevocalic {{IPA\|/ʋ/}} merges with {{IPA\|/j/}}: the merger is complete in the areas surrounding the Kakuhai Gulf (eastern Kainomatā and northern Hirakaṣṭē), most of Hirakaṣṭē and northeastern Moyukaitā, while the merger only occurs before front vowels in the rest of Kainomatā and Moyukaitā, in Haikamotē (excluding the Outlying Islands), and northern Naitontā.<br/>The {{IPA\|[ʋ]}} allophone is absent in the parts of the Southern Far East (including, notably, Līlekhaitē), which use {{IPA\|[v]}} when adjacent to a consonant and {{IPA\|[w]}} otherwise.<br/>Coda {{IPA\|/ʋ/}} is realized differently across the Chlouvānem world: while it is, for most people, an approximant, as in the Standard, in the Jade Coast and parts of the lower Plain (but not the Nīmbaṇḍhāra delta) it forms a diphthong with the preceding vowel, meaning that the {{IPA\|/äʋ/}} sequence merges with {{IPA\|/äʊ̯/}}. In the Far East, it is realized as a fricative agreeing in voicing with the following consonant, and also in PoA if it is labial.<br/>The {{IPA\|/aɪ̯ʋ/}} sequence, before another consonant, is commonly realized as {{IPA\|[aju]}} in those pronunciations where {{IPA\|/ʋ/}} is not fricativized in codas.<br/>{{IPA\|/j/}}, meanwhile, is consistently realized as {{IPA\|[j]}} in the whole Chlouvānem-speaking world.		{{IPA\|/ʋ/}} has a number of different allophones - {{IPA\|[ʋ v w ʊ̯ f ɸ β]}} being the most common ones - whose presence varies regionally; in some pronunciations, the {{IPA\|[ʋ]}} allophone is not even present. In Standard Chlouvānem, it is {{IPA\|[ʋ]}} all the time except when in an onset and preceding {{IPA\|/ʀ/}} (the only consonant it can e followed by), where it is realized as {{IPA\|[v]}}. This contextual allophone is present in virtually every pronunciation, except for Southern ones, where it is realized in this context as {{IPA\|[w]}}, often followed by an extra-short {{IPA\|[ŭ]}} vowel, except Kælšamīṇṭa and neighboring areas, where the beginning {{IPA\|/ʋʀ/}} cluster is realized as {{IPA\|[ɻ]}}. In the onset, most of the Chlouvānem-speaking world has the same pattern as the Standard, but the Near and Far East use the {{IPA\|[v]}} allophone when preceded by a consonant in the same syllable; the inland Jade Coast (but only sporadically in Līlasuṃghāṇa, where it is typical of young people), meanwhile, uses the {{IPA\|[w]}} allophone when intervocalic.<br/>In the Northern Far East (Kaitajaša, or the historical Toyubeshian lands), prevocalic {{IPA\|/ʋ/}} merges with {{IPA\|/j/}}: the merger is complete in the areas surrounding the Kakuhai Gulf (eastern Kainomatā and northern Hirakaṣṭē), most of Hirakaṣṭē and northeastern Moyukaitā, while the merger only occurs before front vowels in the rest of Kainomatā and Moyukaitā, in Haikamotē (excluding the Outlying Islands), and northern Naitontā. In the areas with the incomplete merger, except for the northern coast of Kainomatā, the merger does also not occur when {{IPA\|/ʋ/}} is preceded by a sibilant.<br/>The {{IPA\|[ʋ]}} allophone is absent in the parts of the Southern Far East (including, notably, Līlekhaitē), which use {{IPA\|[v]}} when adjacent to a consonant and {{IPA\|[w]}} otherwise.<br/>Coda {{IPA\|/ʋ/}} is realized differently across the Chlouvānem world: while it is, for most people, an approximant, as in the Standard, in the Jade Coast and parts of the lower Plain (but not the Nīmbaṇḍhāra delta) it forms a diphthong with the preceding vowel, meaning that the {{IPA\|/äʋ/}} sequence merges with {{IPA\|/äʊ̯/}}. In the Far East, it is realized as a fricative agreeing in voicing with the following consonant, and also in PoA if it is labial.<br/>The {{IPA\|/aɪ̯ʋ/}} sequence, before another consonant, is commonly realized as {{IPA\|[aju]}} in those pronunciations where {{IPA\|/ʋ/}} is not fricativized in codas.<br/>{{IPA\|/j/}}, meanwhile, is consistently realized as {{IPA\|[j]}} in the whole Chlouvānem-speaking world.
	: ''vāṇa'' "plant" {{IPA\|/ʋäːɳä/}} – Std., Hiy., Cam. {{IPA\|[ʋäːɳä]}}, Līl. {{IPA\|[ʋäːɳɐ]}}, Līkh. {{IPA\|[wäːɳä]}}		: ''vāṇa'' "plant" {{IPA\|/ʋäːɳä/}} – Std., Hiy., Cam. {{IPA\|[ʋäːɳä]}}, Līl. {{IPA\|[ʋäːɳɐ]}}, Līkh. {{IPA\|[wäːɳä]}}
	: ''vi'' "3SG is" {{IPA\|/ʋi/}} – Std., Līl., Hiy. {{IPA\|[ʋi]}}, Cam. {{IPA\|[ji]}}, Līkh. {{IPA\|[wi]}}		: ''vi'' "3SG is" {{IPA\|/ʋi/}} – Std., Līl., Hiy. {{IPA\|[ʋi]}}, Cam. {{IPA\|[ji]}}, Līkh. {{IPA\|[wi]}}

Lili21: /* Fricatives */

2021-01-22T09:33:43Z

Fricatives

← Older revision		Revision as of 09:33, 22 January 2021
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	: ''šumilkoe'' "theory" {{IPA\|/ɕuminkɔə̯~ɕumiɴkɔə̯~ɕumiɴ̆kɔə̯/}} – Std. {{IPA\|[ɕumiŋkɔə̯~ɔɒ̯]}}, Līl. {{IPA\|[ɕumiɴqʌɜ̯]}}, Cam. {{IPA\|[ɕumiŋkɔɪ̯]}}, Līt. {{IPA\|[ʃumiɴqɔɒ̯~ɔɪ̯]}}, Hiy. {{IPA\|[ʃʉmiŋkɔɒ̯]}}		: ''šumilkoe'' "theory" {{IPA\|/ɕuminkɔə̯~ɕumiɴkɔə̯~ɕumiɴ̆kɔə̯/}} – Std. {{IPA\|[ɕumiŋkɔə̯~ɔɒ̯]}}, Līl. {{IPA\|[ɕumiɴqʌɜ̯]}}, Cam. {{IPA\|[ɕumiŋkɔɪ̯]}}, Līt. {{IPA\|[ʃumiɴqɔɒ̯~ɔɪ̯]}}, Hiy. {{IPA\|[ʃʉmiŋkɔɒ̯]}}
	While saṃdhi makes any two adjacent sibilants (except for {{IPA\|/ss/}}) transform into {{IPA\|/kʂ/}}, Jade Coastal dialects have developed phonetic {{IPA\|[ʂː]}} from the common sequence {{IPA\|/ʂj/}}:		While saṃdhi makes any two adjacent sibilants (except for {{IPA\|/ss/}}) transform into {{IPA\|/kʂ/}}, Jade Coastal dialects have developed phonetic {{IPA\|[ʂː]}} from the common sequence {{IPA\|/ʂj/}}:
	: ''naviṣya'' "book" {{IPA\|/näʋiʂjä/}} – Std~~., Cam~~. {{IPA\|[näʋiʂjä]}}, Līl., Lṭh. {{IPA\|[nɐʋiʂːɐ]}}		: ''naviṣya'' "book" {{IPA\|/näʋiʂjä/}} – Std. {{IPA\|[näʋiʂjä]}}, Līl., Lṭh. {{IPA\|[nɐʋiʂːɐ]}}, Cam. {{IPA\|[näjiʂjä]}}
	: ''Lūṣya'' (given name) {{IPA\|/ɴ̆uːʂjä/}} – Std., Cam. {{IPA\|[ɴ̆uːʂjä]}}, Līl., Lṭh. {{IPA\|[ɴ̆uːʂːɐ]}}		: ''Lūṣya'' (given name) {{IPA\|/ɴ̆uːʂjä/}} – Std., Cam. {{IPA\|[ɴ̆uːʂjä]}}, Līl., Lṭh. {{IPA\|[ɴ̆uːʂːɐ]}}
	This also happens, unlike all other phonetic geminates, after consonants:		This also happens, unlike all other phonetic geminates, after consonants:

Lili21: /* /ʋ/ and /j/ */

2021-01-22T09:32:29Z

/ʋ/ and /j/

← Older revision		Revision as of 09:32, 22 January 2021
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	===/ʋ/ and /j/===		===/ʋ/ and /j/===
	{{IPA\|/ʋ/}} has a number of different allophones - {{IPA\|[ʋ v w ʊ̯ f ɸ β]}} being the most common ones - whose presence varies regionally; in some pronunciations, the {{IPA\|[ʋ]}} allophone is not even present. In Standard Chlouvānem, it is {{IPA\|[ʋ]}} all the time except when in an onset and preceding {{IPA\|/ʀ/}} (the only consonant it can e followed by), where it is realized as {{IPA\|[v]}}. This contextual allophone is present in virtually every pronunciation, except for Southern ones, where it is realized in this context as {{IPA\|[w]}}, often followed by an extra-short {{IPA\|[ŭ]}} vowel, except Kælšamīṇṭa and neighboring areas, where the beginning {{IPA\|/ʋʀ/}} cluster is realized as {{IPA\|[ɻ]}}. In the onset, most of the Chlouvānem-speaking world has the same pattern as the Standard, but the Near and Far East use the {{IPA\|[v]}} allophone when preceded by a consonant in the same syllable; the inland Jade Coast (but only sporadically in Līlasuṃghāṇa, where it is typical of young people), meanwhile, uses the {{IPA\|[w]}} allophone when intervocalic. The {{IPA\|[ʋ]}} allophone is absent in the parts of the Southern Far East (including, notably, Līlekhaitē), which use {{IPA\|[v]}} when adjacent to a consonant and {{IPA\|[w]}} otherwise. Coda {{IPA\|/ʋ/}} is realized differently across the Chlouvānem world: while it is, for most people, an approximant, as in the Standard, in the Jade Coast and parts of the lower Plain (but not the Nīmbaṇḍhāra delta) it forms a diphthong with the preceding vowel, meaning that the {{IPA\|/äʋ/}} sequence merges with {{IPA\|/äʊ̯/}}. In the Far East, it is realized as a fricative agreeing in voicing with the following consonant, and also in PoA if it is labial.<br/>The {{IPA\|/aɪ̯ʋ/}} sequence, before another consonant, is commonly realized as {{IPA\|[aju]}} in those pronunciations where {{IPA\|/ʋ/}} is not fricativized in codas.<br/>{{IPA\|/j/}}, meanwhile, is consistently realized as {{IPA\|[j]}} in the whole Chlouvānem-speaking world.		{{IPA\|/ʋ/}} has a number of different allophones - {{IPA\|[ʋ v w ʊ̯ f ɸ β]}} being the most common ones - whose presence varies regionally; in some pronunciations, the {{IPA\|[ʋ]}} allophone is not even present. In Standard Chlouvānem, it is {{IPA\|[ʋ]}} all the time except when in an onset and preceding {{IPA\|/ʀ/}} (the only consonant it can e followed by), where it is realized as {{IPA\|[v]}}. This contextual allophone is present in virtually every pronunciation, except for Southern ones, where it is realized in this context as {{IPA\|[w]}}, often followed by an extra-short {{IPA\|[ŭ]}} vowel, except Kælšamīṇṭa and neighboring areas, where the beginning {{IPA\|/ʋʀ/}} cluster is realized as {{IPA\|[ɻ]}}. In the onset, most of the Chlouvānem-speaking world has the same pattern as the Standard, but the Near and Far East use the {{IPA\|[v]}} allophone when preceded by a consonant in the same syllable; the inland Jade Coast (but only sporadically in Līlasuṃghāṇa, where it is typical of young people), meanwhile, uses the {{IPA\|[w]}} allophone when intervocalic.<br/>In the Northern Far East (Kaitajaša, or the historical Toyubeshian lands), prevocalic {{IPA\|/ʋ/}} merges with {{IPA\|/j/}}: the merger is complete in the areas surrounding the Kakuhai Gulf (eastern Kainomatā and northern Hirakaṣṭē), most of Hirakaṣṭē and northeastern Moyukaitā, while the merger only occurs before front vowels in the rest of Kainomatā and Moyukaitā, in Haikamotē (excluding the Outlying Islands), and northern Naitontā.<br/>The {{IPA\|[ʋ]}} allophone is absent in the parts of the Southern Far East (including, notably, Līlekhaitē), which use {{IPA\|[v]}} when adjacent to a consonant and {{IPA\|[w]}} otherwise.<br/>Coda {{IPA\|/ʋ/}} is realized differently across the Chlouvānem world: while it is, for most people, an approximant, as in the Standard, in the Jade Coast and parts of the lower Plain (but not the Nīmbaṇḍhāra delta) it forms a diphthong with the preceding vowel, meaning that the {{IPA\|/äʋ/}} sequence merges with {{IPA\|/äʊ̯/}}. In the Far East, it is realized as a fricative agreeing in voicing with the following consonant, and also in PoA if it is labial.<br/>The {{IPA\|/aɪ̯ʋ/}} sequence, before another consonant, is commonly realized as {{IPA\|[aju]}} in those pronunciations where {{IPA\|/ʋ/}} is not fricativized in codas.<br/>{{IPA\|/j/}}, meanwhile, is consistently realized as {{IPA\|[j]}} in the whole Chlouvānem-speaking world.
	: ''vāṇa'' "plant" {{IPA\|/ʋäːɳä/}} – Std., Hiy., Cam. {{IPA\|[ʋäːɳä]}}, Līl. {{IPA\|[ʋäːɳɐ]}}, Līkh. {{IPA\|[wäːɳä]}}		: ''vāṇa'' "plant" {{IPA\|/ʋäːɳä/}} – Std., Hiy., Cam. {{IPA\|[ʋäːɳä]}}, Līl. {{IPA\|[ʋäːɳɐ]}}, Līkh. {{IPA\|[wäːɳä]}}
			: ''vi'' "3SG is" {{IPA\|/ʋi/}} – Std., Līl., Hiy. {{IPA\|[ʋi]}}, Cam. {{IPA\|[ji]}}, Līkh. {{IPA\|[wi]}}
	: ''vra-'' "dys-" (medical prefix) {{IPA\|/ʋʀä-/}} – Std., Hiy., Cam. {{IPA\|[vʀä-]}}, Līl. {{IPA\|[vʀɐ-]}}, Klš. {{IPA\|[ɻä-]}}, Hln. {{IPA\|[wŭʀä-]}}		: ''vra-'' "dys-" (medical prefix) {{IPA\|/ʋʀä-/}} – Std., Hiy., Cam. {{IPA\|[vʀä-]}}, Līl. {{IPA\|[vʀɐ-]}}, Klš. {{IPA\|[ɻä-]}}, Hln. {{IPA\|[wŭʀä-]}}
	: ''švas'' "animal" {{IPA\|/ɕʋäs/}} – Std. {{IPA\|[ɕʋäs]}}, Līl. {{IPA\|[ɕʋɐs]}}, Cam. {{IPA\|[ɕväs]}}, Hiy. {{IPA\|[ʃʋäs]}}		: ''švas'' "animal" {{IPA\|/ɕʋäs/}} – Std. {{IPA\|[ɕʋäs]}}, Līl. {{IPA\|[ɕʋɐs]}}, Cam. {{IPA\|[ɕväs]}}, Hiy. {{IPA\|[ʃʋäs]}}

Lili21: /* Vowels */

2020-11-23T17:58:07Z

Vowels

← Older revision		Revision as of 17:58, 23 November 2020
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	===Breathy-voiced vowels vs. /Vɦ/ sequences===		===Breathy-voiced vowels vs. /Vɦ/ sequences===
	Breathy-voiced vowels are closely related to {{IPA\|/Vɦ/}} sequences as, in many cases, instances of the latter are what historically created the former. In Chlouvānem saṃdhi, {{IPA\|/Vɦ/}} sequences at the end of a morpheme become {{IPA\|/V̤/}} when followed by a consonant and, viceversa, breathy-voiced vowels become {{IPA\|/Vɦ/}} sequences when followed by a vowel. This is especially notable in declension and conjugation:		Breathy-voiced vowels are closely related to {{IPA\|/Vɦ/}} sequences as, in many cases, instances of the latter are what historically created the former. In Chlouvānem saṃdhi, {{IPA\|/Vɦ/}} sequences at the end of a morpheme become {{IPA\|/V̤/}} when followed by a consonant and, viceversa, breathy-voiced vowels become {{IPA\|/Vɦ/}} sequences when followed by a vowel. This is especially notable in declension and conjugation:
	: ''mailtvaha'' {{IPA\|/maɪ̯ɴ̆tʋäɦä/}} "waters", stem ''mailtvą~mailtvah-'', ergative case ''mailtvahei'' {{IPA\|/maɪ̯ɴ̆tʋäɦeɪ̯/}}, exessive case ''mailtvąt'' {{IPA\|/maɪ̯ɴ̆tʋɑ̤t/}}		<!--: ''mailtvaha'' {{IPA\|/maɪ̯ɴ̆tʋäɦä/}} "waters", stem ''mailtvą~mailtvah-'', ergative case ''mailtvahei'' {{IPA\|/maɪ̯ɴ̆tʋäɦeɪ̯/}}, exessive case ''mailtvąt'' {{IPA\|/maɪ̯ɴ̆tʋɑ̤t/}}-->
	: ''švęke'' {{IPA\|/ɕʋe̤ke/}} "to point at", root ''švę~šveh-'', 1SG present indicative ''švehu'' {{IPA\|/ɕʋeɦu/}}		: ''švęke'' {{IPA\|/ɕʋe̤ke/}} "to point at", root ''švę~šveh-'', 1SG present indicative ''švehu'' {{IPA\|/ɕʋeɦu/}}

Lili21: /* Vowels /ä äː ɑ̤/ */

2020-10-26T13:21:18Z

Vowels /ä äː ɑ̤/

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:21, 26 October 2020
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	: ''Lāmberah'' (name of a river) {{IPA\|/ɴ̆aːmbeʀäɦ/}} – Std. {{IPA\|[ɴ̆ɑ̃ːmbeʀäħ]}}, Līl. {{IPA\|[ɴ̆ɑ̃ːmbeʀɐχ]}}, Mam. {{IPA\|[ɴ̆ɑ̃ːmbeʀäħ]}}, Cam. {{IPA\|[ɴ̆ɑ̃ːmbeʀäh]}}		: ''Lāmberah'' (name of a river) {{IPA\|/ɴ̆aːmbeʀäɦ/}} – Std. {{IPA\|[ɴ̆ɑ̃ːmbeʀäħ]}}, Līl. {{IPA\|[ɴ̆ɑ̃ːmbeʀɐχ]}}, Mam. {{IPA\|[ɴ̆ɑ̃ːmbeʀäħ]}}, Cam. {{IPA\|[ɴ̆ɑ̃ːmbeʀäh]}}

	A general raising of {{IPA\|/äː/}} is a marked regional trait of most of the Coastal Southwest and parts of the West: there, {{IPA\|/äː/}} is realized as {{IPA\|[ɛː]}} (neutralizing the contrast between the phonemes represented as '''ā''' and '''ǣ''') in every context except ~~before~~ {{IPA\|/ɴ̆/}}, {{IPA\|/ʀ/}}, {{IPA\|/ɦ/}}, and retroflex consonants:		A general raising of {{IPA\|/äː/}} is a marked regional trait of most of the Coastal Southwest and parts of the West: there, {{IPA\|/äː/}} is realized as {{IPA\|[ɛː]}} (neutralizing the contrast between the phonemes represented as '''ā''' and '''ǣ''') in every context except adjacent to {{IPA\|/ɴ̆/}}, {{IPA\|/ʀ/}}, {{IPA\|/ɦ/}}, and retroflex consonants:
	: ''~~prātas~~'' "~~wind~~" {{IPA\|/~~pʀäːtäs~~/}} – Std. {{IPA\|[~~pʀäːtäs~~~~~pʀäːtɐs~~]}}, Līl. {{IPA\|[~~pʀäːtɐs~~]}}, Mam. {{IPA\|[~~pʀäːtəʃ~~]}}, Cam. {{IPA\|[~~pʀäːtäs~~]}}, Nlk. {{IPA\|[~~pʀɛːtäs~~]}}		: ''tāma'' "worm" {{IPA\|/täːmä/}} – Std. {{IPA\|[täːmäs~täːmɐ]}}, Līl. {{IPA\|[täːmɐ]}}, Mam. {{IPA\|[täːmä]}}, Cam. {{IPA\|[täːmä]}}, Nlk. {{IPA\|[tɛːmä]}}

	{{IPA\|/ɑ̤/}} does not have particular regional variation, save for the unpacking to {{IPA\|[äH]}} in the Northern Far East/East/Northeast/parts of the North:		{{IPA\|/ɑ̤/}} does not have particular regional variation, save for the unpacking to {{IPA\|[äH]}} in the Northern Far East/East/Northeast/parts of the North:

Lili21 at 13:17, 26 October 2020

2020-10-26T13:17:21Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:17, 26 October 2020
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	: ''Ltṣ.'' — Lāltaṣveyi (Eastern Plain, southern Nīmbaṇḍhāra Delta)		: ''Ltṣ.'' — Lāltaṣveyi (Eastern Plain, southern Nīmbaṇḍhāra Delta)
	: ''Mam.'' — Mamaikali (Northern Plain)		: ''Mam.'' — Mamaikali (Northern Plain)
			: ''Nlk.'' — Nalkahīrṣi (Coastal Southwest)
	: ''Nyk.'' — Nyamukumi (Far West)		: ''Nyk.'' — Nyamukumi (Far West)
	: ''Pmh.'' — Pamahīnēni (Inland Southern)		: ''Pmh.'' — Pamahīnēni (Inland Southern)

Lili21: /* Vowels /ä äː ɑ̤/ */

2020-10-26T13:16:32Z

Vowels /ä äː ɑ̤/

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	Both {{IPA\|/ä/}} and {{IPA\|/äː/}} are, nearly everywhere, backed when allophonically nasalized as {{IPA\|[ɑ̃ ɑ̃ː]}}, except before word-final {{IPA\|/m/}}:		Both {{IPA\|/ä/}} and {{IPA\|/äː/}} are, nearly everywhere, backed when allophonically nasalized as {{IPA\|[ɑ̃ ɑ̃ː]}}, except before word-final {{IPA\|/m/}}:
	: ''Lāmberah'' (name of a river) {{IPA\|/ɴ̆aːmbeʀäɦ/}} – Std. {{IPA\|[ɴ̆ɑ̃ːmbeʀäħ]}}, Līl. {{IPA\|[ɴ̆ɑ̃ːmbeʀɐχ]}}, Mam. {{IPA\|[ɴ̆ɑ̃ːmbeʀäħ]}}, Cam. {{IPA\|[ɴ̆ɑ̃ːmbeʀäh]}}		: ''Lāmberah'' (name of a river) {{IPA\|/ɴ̆aːmbeʀäɦ/}} – Std. {{IPA\|[ɴ̆ɑ̃ːmbeʀäħ]}}, Līl. {{IPA\|[ɴ̆ɑ̃ːmbeʀɐχ]}}, Mam. {{IPA\|[ɴ̆ɑ̃ːmbeʀäħ]}}, Cam. {{IPA\|[ɴ̆ɑ̃ːmbeʀäh]}}

			A general raising of {{IPA\|/äː/}} is a marked regional trait of most of the Coastal Southwest and parts of the West: there, {{IPA\|/äː/}} is realized as {{IPA\|[ɛː]}} (neutralizing the contrast between the phonemes represented as '''ā''' and '''ǣ''') in every context except before {{IPA\|/ɴ̆/}}, {{IPA\|/ʀ/}}, {{IPA\|/ɦ/}}, and retroflex consonants:
			: ''prātas'' "wind" {{IPA\|/pʀäːtäs/}} – Std. {{IPA\|[pʀäːtäs~pʀäːtɐs]}}, Līl. {{IPA\|[pʀäːtɐs]}}, Mam. {{IPA\|[pʀäːtəʃ]}}, Cam. {{IPA\|[pʀäːtäs]}}, Nlk. {{IPA\|[pʀɛːtäs]}}

	{{IPA\|/ɑ̤/}} does not have particular regional variation, save for the unpacking to {{IPA\|[äH]}} in the Northern Far East/East/Northeast/parts of the North:		{{IPA\|/ɑ̤/}} does not have particular regional variation, save for the unpacking to {{IPA\|[äH]}} in the Northern Far East/East/Northeast/parts of the North:

Lili21: /* Initial clusters */

2020-10-22T19:52:33Z

Initial clusters

← Older revision		Revision as of 19:52, 22 October 2020
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	* ''lt- lth- lɂ- ld- ldh- lg- lgh- lh-''		* ''lt- lth- lɂ- ld- ldh- lg- lgh- lh-''

	Furthermore, the clusters ''mp- mph- nt- nth- lk- lkh-'' are found in some Eastern Dabuke words, especially regionally widespread in the Western parts of the Inquisition.		Furthermore, the clusters ''mp- mph- nt- nth- lk- lkh-'' are found in some Eastern Dabuke words, especially regionally widespread in the Western parts of the Inquisition. ''-ts'' also occurs in transcriptions of foreign names, especially non-nativized toponyms (for example in the name of ''Tsila'' island, one of the external territories of the Inquisition, in Queáten).

	==Morphophonology==		==Morphophonology==

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	: ''buneya'' "female's older sister" {{IPA\|/bunejä/}} – Std., Hiy., Cam. {{IPA\|[bunejä]}}, Līl. {{IPA\|[bunejɐ]}}		: ''buneya'' "female's older sister" {{IPA\|/bunejä/}} – Std., Hiy., Cam. {{IPA\|[bunejä]}}, Līl. {{IPA\|[bunejɐ]}}
	: ''bhaišā'' "drop [of water or other liquids]" {{IPA\|/bʱaɪ̯ɕäː/}} – Std., Hiy. {{IPA\|[bʱaɪ̯ɕäː]}}, Līl. {{IPA\|[bʱæɪ̯ɕɑː]}}, Cam. {{IPA\|[bʱæɪ̯ɕäː]}}		: ''bhaišā'' "drop [of water or other liquids]" {{IPA\|/bʱaɪ̯ɕäː/}} – Std., Hiy. {{IPA\|[bʱaɪ̯ɕäː]}}, Līl. {{IPA\|[bʱæɪ̯ɕɑː]}}, Cam. {{IPA\|[bʱæɪ̯ɕäː]}}
	: ''~~dehām~~'' "mouth" {{IPA\|/~~deɦäːm~~/}} – Std., ~~Līl~~., ~~Hiy~~., ~~Cam~~. {{IPA\|[~~deɦãːm~~]}}		: ''deham'' "mouth" {{IPA\|/deɦäm/}} – Std., Hiy., Cam. {{IPA\|[deɦäm]}}, Līl. {{IPA\|[deɦɐm]}}
	: ''dhāna'' "hand" {{IPA\|/dʱäːnä/}} – Std., Hiy., Cam. {{IPA\|[dʱäːnä]}}, Līl. {{IPA\|[dʱäːnɐ]}}		: ''dhāna'' "hand" {{IPA\|/dʱäːnä/}} – Std., Hiy., Cam. {{IPA\|[dʱäːnä]}}, Līl. {{IPA\|[dʱäːnɐ]}}
	: ''ḍuya'' "okra" {{IPA\|/ɖujä/}} — Std., Hiy., Cam. {{IPA\|[ɖujä]}}, Līl. {{IPA\|[ɖujɐ]}}		: ''ḍuya'' "okra" {{IPA\|/ɖujä/}} — Std., Hiy., Cam. {{IPA\|[ɖujä]}}, Līl. {{IPA\|[ɖujɐ]}}

← Older revision		Revision as of 09:33, 22 January 2021
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	: ''šumilkoe'' "theory" {{IPA\|/ɕuminkɔə̯~ɕumiɴkɔə̯~ɕumiɴ̆kɔə̯/}} – Std. {{IPA\|[ɕumiŋkɔə̯~ɔɒ̯]}}, Līl. {{IPA\|[ɕumiɴqʌɜ̯]}}, Cam. {{IPA\|[ɕumiŋkɔɪ̯]}}, Līt. {{IPA\|[ʃumiɴqɔɒ̯~ɔɪ̯]}}, Hiy. {{IPA\|[ʃʉmiŋkɔɒ̯]}}		: ''šumilkoe'' "theory" {{IPA\|/ɕuminkɔə̯~ɕumiɴkɔə̯~ɕumiɴ̆kɔə̯/}} – Std. {{IPA\|[ɕumiŋkɔə̯~ɔɒ̯]}}, Līl. {{IPA\|[ɕumiɴqʌɜ̯]}}, Cam. {{IPA\|[ɕumiŋkɔɪ̯]}}, Līt. {{IPA\|[ʃumiɴqɔɒ̯~ɔɪ̯]}}, Hiy. {{IPA\|[ʃʉmiŋkɔɒ̯]}}
	While saṃdhi makes any two adjacent sibilants (except for {{IPA\|/ss/}}) transform into {{IPA\|/kʂ/}}, Jade Coastal dialects have developed phonetic {{IPA\|[ʂː]}} from the common sequence {{IPA\|/ʂj/}}:		While saṃdhi makes any two adjacent sibilants (except for {{IPA\|/ss/}}) transform into {{IPA\|/kʂ/}}, Jade Coastal dialects have developed phonetic {{IPA\|[ʂː]}} from the common sequence {{IPA\|/ʂj/}}:
	: ''naviṣya'' "book" {{IPA\|/näʋiʂjä/}} – Std~~., Cam~~. {{IPA\|[näʋiʂjä]}}, Līl., Lṭh. {{IPA\|[nɐʋiʂːɐ]}}		: ''naviṣya'' "book" {{IPA\|/näʋiʂjä/}} – Std. {{IPA\|[näʋiʂjä]}}, Līl., Lṭh. {{IPA\|[nɐʋiʂːɐ]}}, Cam. {{IPA\|[näjiʂjä]}}
	: ''Lūṣya'' (given name) {{IPA\|/ɴ̆uːʂjä/}} – Std., Cam. {{IPA\|[ɴ̆uːʂjä]}}, Līl., Lṭh. {{IPA\|[ɴ̆uːʂːɐ]}}		: ''Lūṣya'' (given name) {{IPA\|/ɴ̆uːʂjä/}} – Std., Cam. {{IPA\|[ɴ̆uːʂjä]}}, Līl., Lṭh. {{IPA\|[ɴ̆uːʂːɐ]}}
	This also happens, unlike all other phonetic geminates, after consonants:		This also happens, unlike all other phonetic geminates, after consonants:

← Older revision		Revision as of 09:32, 22 January 2021
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	===/ʋ/ and /j/===		===/ʋ/ and /j/===
	{{IPA\|/ʋ/}} has a number of different allophones - {{IPA\|[ʋ v w ʊ̯ f ɸ β]}} being the most common ones - whose presence varies regionally; in some pronunciations, the {{IPA\|[ʋ]}} allophone is not even present. In Standard Chlouvānem, it is {{IPA\|[ʋ]}} all the time except when in an onset and preceding {{IPA\|/ʀ/}} (the only consonant it can e followed by), where it is realized as {{IPA\|[v]}}. This contextual allophone is present in virtually every pronunciation, except for Southern ones, where it is realized in this context as {{IPA\|[w]}}, often followed by an extra-short {{IPA\|[ŭ]}} vowel, except Kælšamīṇṭa and neighboring areas, where the beginning {{IPA\|/ʋʀ/}} cluster is realized as {{IPA\|[ɻ]}}. In the onset, most of the Chlouvānem-speaking world has the same pattern as the Standard, but the Near and Far East use the {{IPA\|[v]}} allophone when preceded by a consonant in the same syllable; the inland Jade Coast (but only sporadically in Līlasuṃghāṇa, where it is typical of young people), meanwhile, uses the {{IPA\|[w]}} allophone when intervocalic. The {{IPA\|[ʋ]}} allophone is absent in the parts of the Southern Far East (including, notably, Līlekhaitē), which use {{IPA\|[v]}} when adjacent to a consonant and {{IPA\|[w]}} otherwise. Coda {{IPA\|/ʋ/}} is realized differently across the Chlouvānem world: while it is, for most people, an approximant, as in the Standard, in the Jade Coast and parts of the lower Plain (but not the Nīmbaṇḍhāra delta) it forms a diphthong with the preceding vowel, meaning that the {{IPA\|/äʋ/}} sequence merges with {{IPA\|/äʊ̯/}}. In the Far East, it is realized as a fricative agreeing in voicing with the following consonant, and also in PoA if it is labial.<br/>The {{IPA\|/aɪ̯ʋ/}} sequence, before another consonant, is commonly realized as {{IPA\|[aju]}} in those pronunciations where {{IPA\|/ʋ/}} is not fricativized in codas.<br/>{{IPA\|/j/}}, meanwhile, is consistently realized as {{IPA\|[j]}} in the whole Chlouvānem-speaking world.		{{IPA\|/ʋ/}} has a number of different allophones - {{IPA\|[ʋ v w ʊ̯ f ɸ β]}} being the most common ones - whose presence varies regionally; in some pronunciations, the {{IPA\|[ʋ]}} allophone is not even present. In Standard Chlouvānem, it is {{IPA\|[ʋ]}} all the time except when in an onset and preceding {{IPA\|/ʀ/}} (the only consonant it can e followed by), where it is realized as {{IPA\|[v]}}. This contextual allophone is present in virtually every pronunciation, except for Southern ones, where it is realized in this context as {{IPA\|[w]}}, often followed by an extra-short {{IPA\|[ŭ]}} vowel, except Kælšamīṇṭa and neighboring areas, where the beginning {{IPA\|/ʋʀ/}} cluster is realized as {{IPA\|[ɻ]}}. In the onset, most of the Chlouvānem-speaking world has the same pattern as the Standard, but the Near and Far East use the {{IPA\|[v]}} allophone when preceded by a consonant in the same syllable; the inland Jade Coast (but only sporadically in Līlasuṃghāṇa, where it is typical of young people), meanwhile, uses the {{IPA\|[w]}} allophone when intervocalic.<br/>In the Northern Far East (Kaitajaša, or the historical Toyubeshian lands), prevocalic {{IPA\|/ʋ/}} merges with {{IPA\|/j/}}: the merger is complete in the areas surrounding the Kakuhai Gulf (eastern Kainomatā and northern Hirakaṣṭē), most of Hirakaṣṭē and northeastern Moyukaitā, while the merger only occurs before front vowels in the rest of Kainomatā and Moyukaitā, in Haikamotē (excluding the Outlying Islands), and northern Naitontā.<br/>The {{IPA\|[ʋ]}} allophone is absent in the parts of the Southern Far East (including, notably, Līlekhaitē), which use {{IPA\|[v]}} when adjacent to a consonant and {{IPA\|[w]}} otherwise.<br/>Coda {{IPA\|/ʋ/}} is realized differently across the Chlouvānem world: while it is, for most people, an approximant, as in the Standard, in the Jade Coast and parts of the lower Plain (but not the Nīmbaṇḍhāra delta) it forms a diphthong with the preceding vowel, meaning that the {{IPA\|/äʋ/}} sequence merges with {{IPA\|/äʊ̯/}}. In the Far East, it is realized as a fricative agreeing in voicing with the following consonant, and also in PoA if it is labial.<br/>The {{IPA\|/aɪ̯ʋ/}} sequence, before another consonant, is commonly realized as {{IPA\|[aju]}} in those pronunciations where {{IPA\|/ʋ/}} is not fricativized in codas.<br/>{{IPA\|/j/}}, meanwhile, is consistently realized as {{IPA\|[j]}} in the whole Chlouvānem-speaking world.
	: ''vāṇa'' "plant" {{IPA\|/ʋäːɳä/}} – Std., Hiy., Cam. {{IPA\|[ʋäːɳä]}}, Līl. {{IPA\|[ʋäːɳɐ]}}, Līkh. {{IPA\|[wäːɳä]}}		: ''vāṇa'' "plant" {{IPA\|/ʋäːɳä/}} – Std., Hiy., Cam. {{IPA\|[ʋäːɳä]}}, Līl. {{IPA\|[ʋäːɳɐ]}}, Līkh. {{IPA\|[wäːɳä]}}
			: ''vi'' "3SG is" {{IPA\|/ʋi/}} – Std., Līl., Hiy. {{IPA\|[ʋi]}}, Cam. {{IPA\|[ji]}}, Līkh. {{IPA\|[wi]}}
	: ''vra-'' "dys-" (medical prefix) {{IPA\|/ʋʀä-/}} – Std., Hiy., Cam. {{IPA\|[vʀä-]}}, Līl. {{IPA\|[vʀɐ-]}}, Klš. {{IPA\|[ɻä-]}}, Hln. {{IPA\|[wŭʀä-]}}		: ''vra-'' "dys-" (medical prefix) {{IPA\|/ʋʀä-/}} – Std., Hiy., Cam. {{IPA\|[vʀä-]}}, Līl. {{IPA\|[vʀɐ-]}}, Klš. {{IPA\|[ɻä-]}}, Hln. {{IPA\|[wŭʀä-]}}
	: ''švas'' "animal" {{IPA\|/ɕʋäs/}} – Std. {{IPA\|[ɕʋäs]}}, Līl. {{IPA\|[ɕʋɐs]}}, Cam. {{IPA\|[ɕväs]}}, Hiy. {{IPA\|[ʃʋäs]}}		: ''švas'' "animal" {{IPA\|/ɕʋäs/}} – Std. {{IPA\|[ɕʋäs]}}, Līl. {{IPA\|[ɕʋɐs]}}, Cam. {{IPA\|[ɕväs]}}, Hiy. {{IPA\|[ʃʋäs]}}

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	: ''Lāmberah'' (name of a river) {{IPA\|/ɴ̆aːmbeʀäɦ/}} – Std. {{IPA\|[ɴ̆ɑ̃ːmbeʀäħ]}}, Līl. {{IPA\|[ɴ̆ɑ̃ːmbeʀɐχ]}}, Mam. {{IPA\|[ɴ̆ɑ̃ːmbeʀäħ]}}, Cam. {{IPA\|[ɴ̆ɑ̃ːmbeʀäh]}}		: ''Lāmberah'' (name of a river) {{IPA\|/ɴ̆aːmbeʀäɦ/}} – Std. {{IPA\|[ɴ̆ɑ̃ːmbeʀäħ]}}, Līl. {{IPA\|[ɴ̆ɑ̃ːmbeʀɐχ]}}, Mam. {{IPA\|[ɴ̆ɑ̃ːmbeʀäħ]}}, Cam. {{IPA\|[ɴ̆ɑ̃ːmbeʀäh]}}

	A general raising of {{IPA\|/äː/}} is a marked regional trait of most of the Coastal Southwest and parts of the West: there, {{IPA\|/äː/}} is realized as {{IPA\|[ɛː]}} (neutralizing the contrast between the phonemes represented as '''ā''' and '''ǣ''') in every context except ~~before~~ {{IPA\|/ɴ̆/}}, {{IPA\|/ʀ/}}, {{IPA\|/ɦ/}}, and retroflex consonants:		A general raising of {{IPA\|/äː/}} is a marked regional trait of most of the Coastal Southwest and parts of the West: there, {{IPA\|/äː/}} is realized as {{IPA\|[ɛː]}} (neutralizing the contrast between the phonemes represented as '''ā''' and '''ǣ''') in every context except adjacent to {{IPA\|/ɴ̆/}}, {{IPA\|/ʀ/}}, {{IPA\|/ɦ/}}, and retroflex consonants:
	: ''~~prātas~~'' "~~wind~~" {{IPA\|/~~pʀäːtäs~~/}} – Std. {{IPA\|[~~pʀäːtäs~~~~~pʀäːtɐs~~]}}, Līl. {{IPA\|[~~pʀäːtɐs~~]}}, Mam. {{IPA\|[~~pʀäːtəʃ~~]}}, Cam. {{IPA\|[~~pʀäːtäs~~]}}, Nlk. {{IPA\|[~~pʀɛːtäs~~]}}		: ''tāma'' "worm" {{IPA\|/täːmä/}} – Std. {{IPA\|[täːmäs~täːmɐ]}}, Līl. {{IPA\|[täːmɐ]}}, Mam. {{IPA\|[täːmä]}}, Cam. {{IPA\|[täːmä]}}, Nlk. {{IPA\|[tɛːmä]}}

	{{IPA\|/ɑ̤/}} does not have particular regional variation, save for the unpacking to {{IPA\|[äH]}} in the Northern Far East/East/Northeast/parts of the North:		{{IPA\|/ɑ̤/}} does not have particular regional variation, save for the unpacking to {{IPA\|[äH]}} in the Northern Far East/East/Northeast/parts of the North:

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:16, 26 October 2020
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	Both {{IPA\|/ä/}} and {{IPA\|/äː/}} are, nearly everywhere, backed when allophonically nasalized as {{IPA\|[ɑ̃ ɑ̃ː]}}, except before word-final {{IPA\|/m/}}:		Both {{IPA\|/ä/}} and {{IPA\|/äː/}} are, nearly everywhere, backed when allophonically nasalized as {{IPA\|[ɑ̃ ɑ̃ː]}}, except before word-final {{IPA\|/m/}}:
	: ''Lāmberah'' (name of a river) {{IPA\|/ɴ̆aːmbeʀäɦ/}} – Std. {{IPA\|[ɴ̆ɑ̃ːmbeʀäħ]}}, Līl. {{IPA\|[ɴ̆ɑ̃ːmbeʀɐχ]}}, Mam. {{IPA\|[ɴ̆ɑ̃ːmbeʀäħ]}}, Cam. {{IPA\|[ɴ̆ɑ̃ːmbeʀäh]}}		: ''Lāmberah'' (name of a river) {{IPA\|/ɴ̆aːmbeʀäɦ/}} – Std. {{IPA\|[ɴ̆ɑ̃ːmbeʀäħ]}}, Līl. {{IPA\|[ɴ̆ɑ̃ːmbeʀɐχ]}}, Mam. {{IPA\|[ɴ̆ɑ̃ːmbeʀäħ]}}, Cam. {{IPA\|[ɴ̆ɑ̃ːmbeʀäh]}}

			A general raising of {{IPA\|/äː/}} is a marked regional trait of most of the Coastal Southwest and parts of the West: there, {{IPA\|/äː/}} is realized as {{IPA\|[ɛː]}} (neutralizing the contrast between the phonemes represented as '''ā''' and '''ǣ''') in every context except before {{IPA\|/ɴ̆/}}, {{IPA\|/ʀ/}}, {{IPA\|/ɦ/}}, and retroflex consonants:
			: ''prātas'' "wind" {{IPA\|/pʀäːtäs/}} – Std. {{IPA\|[pʀäːtäs~pʀäːtɐs]}}, Līl. {{IPA\|[pʀäːtɐs]}}, Mam. {{IPA\|[pʀäːtəʃ]}}, Cam. {{IPA\|[pʀäːtäs]}}, Nlk. {{IPA\|[pʀɛːtäs]}}

	{{IPA\|/ɑ̤/}} does not have particular regional variation, save for the unpacking to {{IPA\|[äH]}} in the Northern Far East/East/Northeast/parts of the North:		{{IPA\|/ɑ̤/}} does not have particular regional variation, save for the unpacking to {{IPA\|[äH]}} in the Northern Far East/East/Northeast/parts of the North: