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	<id>https://linguifex.com/w/index.php?action=history&amp;feed=atom&amp;title=Guide%3ADiscourse_Particles</id>
	<title>Guide:Discourse Particles - Revision history</title>
	<link rel="self" type="application/atom+xml" href="https://linguifex.com/w/index.php?action=history&amp;feed=atom&amp;title=Guide%3ADiscourse_Particles"/>
	<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://linguifex.com/w/index.php?title=Guide:Discourse_Particles&amp;action=history"/>
	<updated>2026-04-06T05:56:26Z</updated>
	<subtitle>Revision history for this page on the wiki</subtitle>
	<generator>MediaWiki 1.43.6</generator>
	<entry>
		<id>https://linguifex.com/w/index.php?title=Guide:Discourse_Particles&amp;diff=190218&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Imralu: Fixed typo &quot;ship&quot; → &quot;shop&quot;</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://linguifex.com/w/index.php?title=Guide:Discourse_Particles&amp;diff=190218&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2020-04-18T12:40:59Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Fixed typo &amp;quot;ship&amp;quot; → &amp;quot;shop&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;table style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122;&quot; data-mw=&quot;interface&quot;&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-content&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-content&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;tr class=&quot;diff-title&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot;&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Older revision&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Revision as of 12:40, 18 April 2020&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l1&quot;&gt;Line 1:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 1:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Discourse particles are used very little in conlangs and are not extremely well understood, yet we humans use them perfectly without issue in our native tongues, but at the same time it is one method we use easily to identify foreign speakers.  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Discourse particles are used very little in conlangs and are not extremely well understood, yet we humans use them perfectly without issue in our native tongues, but at the same time it is one method we use easily to identify foreign speakers.  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;What are discourse particles? Discourse particles are small words or phrases that add no information to the sentence itself; the truth value of the statement remains intact. For example, the two sentences &quot;He was at the shop&quot; and &quot;Well, he was at the shop&quot; contains the same amount of information, but the &quot;well&quot; differentiates them. &quot;Well&quot; does not add any content information, he was still at the &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;ship&lt;/del&gt;, whoever &quot;he&quot; is. So what is the real difference? The difference is that &quot;well&quot; here conveys discourse information. In English it typically attempts to convey information that listener might not like about the information being presented and prepares them for this.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;What are discourse particles? Discourse particles are small words or phrases that add no information to the sentence itself; the truth value of the statement remains intact. For example, the two sentences &quot;He was at the shop&quot; and &quot;Well, he was at the shop&quot; contains the same amount of information, but the &quot;well&quot; differentiates them. &quot;Well&quot; does not add any content information, he was still at the &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;shop&lt;/ins&gt;, whoever &quot;he&quot; is. So what is the real difference? The difference is that &quot;well&quot; here conveys discourse information. In English it typically attempts to convey information that listener might not like about the information being presented and prepares them for this.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Discourse particles do not need to be even &amp;quot;words&amp;quot; per say, there are plenty of them that are not considered words and just &amp;quot;noises&amp;quot; we make. &amp;quot;Um&amp;quot; is a classic example; it means something along the lines of &amp;quot;the speaker is trying to think of something and does not want their turn of speaking being interrupted&amp;quot;. So, in essence &amp;quot;um&amp;quot; is saying &amp;quot;I&amp;#039;m still talking, give me a moment to think about what I am trying to say and don&amp;#039;t take my turn away from me&amp;quot;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Discourse particles do not need to be even &amp;quot;words&amp;quot; per say, there are plenty of them that are not considered words and just &amp;quot;noises&amp;quot; we make. &amp;quot;Um&amp;quot; is a classic example; it means something along the lines of &amp;quot;the speaker is trying to think of something and does not want their turn of speaking being interrupted&amp;quot;. So, in essence &amp;quot;um&amp;quot; is saying &amp;quot;I&amp;#039;m still talking, give me a moment to think about what I am trying to say and don&amp;#039;t take my turn away from me&amp;quot;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Imralu</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://linguifex.com/w/index.php?title=Guide:Discourse_Particles&amp;diff=22448&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Pá mamūnám ontā́ bán at 15:29, 17 May 2014</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://linguifex.com/w/index.php?title=Guide:Discourse_Particles&amp;diff=22448&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2014-05-17T15:29:35Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;table style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122;&quot; data-mw=&quot;interface&quot;&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-content&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-content&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;tr class=&quot;diff-title&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot;&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Older revision&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Revision as of 15:29, 17 May 2014&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l7&quot;&gt;Line 7:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 7:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;quot;Uh-huh&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;mhmm&amp;quot; can be seen as saying &amp;quot;I hear what you&amp;#039;re saying and might agree, please continue as I have been listening so far&amp;quot;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;quot;Uh-huh&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;mhmm&amp;quot; can be seen as saying &amp;quot;I hear what you&amp;#039;re saying and might agree, please continue as I have been listening so far&amp;quot;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Discourse particles commonly convey the &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;speakers &lt;/del&gt;attitude, &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;the expectation &lt;/del&gt;of &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;hte speaker in &lt;/del&gt;how the listener will react &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;and &lt;/del&gt;feel about information.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Discourse particles commonly convey the &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;speaker&#039;s &lt;/ins&gt;attitude, &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;their expectations &lt;/ins&gt;of how the listener will react &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;or &lt;/ins&gt;feel about information.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;[[Category:Guides]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;[[Category:Guides]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Pá mamūnám ontā́ bán</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://linguifex.com/w/index.php?title=Guide:Discourse_Particles&amp;diff=22278&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>EmperorZelos at 17:04, 5 May 2014</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://linguifex.com/w/index.php?title=Guide:Discourse_Particles&amp;diff=22278&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2014-05-05T17:04:34Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;table style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122;&quot; data-mw=&quot;interface&quot;&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-content&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-content&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;tr class=&quot;diff-title&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot;&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Older revision&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Revision as of 17:04, 5 May 2014&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l6&quot;&gt;Line 6:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 6:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;quot;Uh-huh&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;mhmm&amp;quot; can be seen as saying &amp;quot;I hear what you&amp;#039;re saying and might agree, please continue as I have been listening so far&amp;quot;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;quot;Uh-huh&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;mhmm&amp;quot; can be seen as saying &amp;quot;I hear what you&amp;#039;re saying and might agree, please continue as I have been listening so far&amp;quot;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Discourse particles commonly convey the speakers attitude, the expectation of hte speaker in how the listener will react and feel about information.&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;[[Category:Guides]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;[[Category:Guides]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>EmperorZelos</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://linguifex.com/w/index.php?title=Guide:Discourse_Particles&amp;diff=22268&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Pá mamūnám ontā́ bán: sp etc</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://linguifex.com/w/index.php?title=Guide:Discourse_Particles&amp;diff=22268&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2014-05-05T09:32:54Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;sp etc&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;table style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122;&quot; data-mw=&quot;interface&quot;&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-content&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-content&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;tr class=&quot;diff-title&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot;&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Older revision&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Revision as of 09:32, 5 May 2014&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l1&quot;&gt;Line 1:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 1:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Discourse particles &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;is probably the least &lt;/del&gt;used in conlangs and &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;least &lt;/del&gt;understood, yet we humans use them perfectly without issue in our native &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;tounges&lt;/del&gt;, but at the &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;sametime &lt;/del&gt;it is &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;the &lt;/del&gt;one method we use easily to identify foreign &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;people&lt;/del&gt;.  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Discourse particles &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;are &lt;/ins&gt;used &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;very little &lt;/ins&gt;in conlangs and &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;are not extremely well &lt;/ins&gt;understood, yet we humans use them perfectly without issue in our native &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;tongues&lt;/ins&gt;, but at the &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;same time &lt;/ins&gt;it is one method we use easily to identify foreign &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;speakers&lt;/ins&gt;.  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;What are discourse particles? Discourse particles are small words or phrases that &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;adds &lt;/del&gt;no information to the sentence itself&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;, &lt;/del&gt;the truth value of the statement remains intact &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;and the statement itself&lt;/del&gt;. For example the two sentences &quot;He was at the &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;store&lt;/del&gt;&quot; and &quot;Well, he was at the &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;store&lt;/del&gt;&quot; contains the same amount of information, but the &quot;well&quot; &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;differs &lt;/del&gt;them&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;, &lt;/del&gt;&quot;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;well&lt;/del&gt;&quot; does not add any content information, he was still at the &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;store&lt;/del&gt;, &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;whom ever &lt;/del&gt;he is. So what is the real &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;differens&lt;/del&gt;? The &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;differens &lt;/del&gt;is that &quot;well&quot; here &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;convey disource &lt;/del&gt;information&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;, in english &lt;/del&gt;it &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;typicly &lt;/del&gt;attempts to convey information &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;about the &lt;/del&gt;listener might not like the information &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;that is &lt;/del&gt;being presented and prepares them for &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;information that they will not like&lt;/del&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;What are discourse particles? Discourse particles are small words or phrases that &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;add &lt;/ins&gt;no information to the sentence itself&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;; &lt;/ins&gt;the truth value of the statement remains intact. For example&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;, &lt;/ins&gt;the two sentences &quot;He was at the &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;shop&lt;/ins&gt;&quot; and &quot;Well, he was at the &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;shop&lt;/ins&gt;&quot; contains the same amount of information, but the &quot;well&quot; &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;differentiates &lt;/ins&gt;them&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;. &lt;/ins&gt;&quot;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Well&lt;/ins&gt;&quot; does not add any content information, he was still at the &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;ship&lt;/ins&gt;, &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;whoever &quot;&lt;/ins&gt;he&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&quot; &lt;/ins&gt;is. So what is the real &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;difference&lt;/ins&gt;? The &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;difference &lt;/ins&gt;is that &quot;well&quot; here &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;conveys discourse &lt;/ins&gt;information&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;. In English &lt;/ins&gt;it &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;typically &lt;/ins&gt;attempts to convey information &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;that &lt;/ins&gt;listener might not like &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;about &lt;/ins&gt;the information being presented and prepares them for &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;this&lt;/ins&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Discourse particles do not need to be even &quot;words&quot; &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;persay&lt;/del&gt;, there are plenty of them that are not considered words and just &quot;noises&quot; we make&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;, &lt;/del&gt;&quot;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;umm&lt;/del&gt;&quot; is a &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;classical exemple, &lt;/del&gt;it means along the lines of &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;that &lt;/del&gt;the speaker is trying to think of something and &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;do &lt;/del&gt;not want their turn of speaking being &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;interupted&lt;/del&gt;, &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;so &lt;/del&gt;in &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;an &lt;/del&gt;essence &quot;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;umm&lt;/del&gt;&quot; is saying &quot;I &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;am &lt;/del&gt;still talking, give me a moment to think about what I am trying to say and &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;do not &lt;/del&gt;take my turn &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;to speak &lt;/del&gt;from me&quot;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Discourse particles do not need to be even &quot;words&quot; &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;per say&lt;/ins&gt;, there are plenty of them that are not considered words and just &quot;noises&quot; we make&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;. &lt;/ins&gt;&quot;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Um&lt;/ins&gt;&quot; is a &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;classic example; &lt;/ins&gt;it means &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;something &lt;/ins&gt;along the lines of &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&quot;&lt;/ins&gt;the speaker is trying to think of something and &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;does &lt;/ins&gt;not want their turn of speaking being &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;interrupted&quot;. So&lt;/ins&gt;, in essence &quot;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;um&lt;/ins&gt;&quot; is saying &quot;I&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&#039;m &lt;/ins&gt;still talking, give me a moment to think about what I am trying to say and &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;don&#039;t &lt;/ins&gt;take my turn &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;away &lt;/ins&gt;from me&quot;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&quot;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;ah ha&lt;/del&gt;&quot; or &quot;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;mmhmm&lt;/del&gt;&quot; can be seen as saying &quot;I hear what you&#039;re saying and might agree, please continue as I have been listening so far&quot;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&quot;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Uh-huh&lt;/ins&gt;&quot; or &quot;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;mhmm&lt;/ins&gt;&quot; can be seen as saying &quot;I hear what you&#039;re saying and might agree, please continue as I have been listening so far&quot;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;.&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;[[Category:Guides]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;[[Category:Guides]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Pá mamūnám ontā́ bán</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://linguifex.com/w/index.php?title=Guide:Discourse_Particles&amp;diff=22256&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>EmperorZelos: Created page with &quot;Discourse particles is probably the least used in conlangs and least understood, yet we humans use them perfectly without issue in our native tounges, but at the sametime it i...&quot;</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://linguifex.com/w/index.php?title=Guide:Discourse_Particles&amp;diff=22256&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2014-05-04T13:39:45Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Created page with &amp;quot;Discourse particles is probably the least used in conlangs and least understood, yet we humans use them perfectly without issue in our native tounges, but at the sametime it i...&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;New page&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div&gt;Discourse particles is probably the least used in conlangs and least understood, yet we humans use them perfectly without issue in our native tounges, but at the sametime it is the one method we use easily to identify foreign people. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
What are discourse particles? Discourse particles are small words or phrases that adds no information to the sentence itself, the truth value of the statement remains intact and the statement itself. For example the two sentences &amp;quot;He was at the store&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;Well, he was at the store&amp;quot; contains the same amount of information, but the &amp;quot;well&amp;quot; differs them, &amp;quot;well&amp;quot; does not add any content information, he was still at the store, whom ever he is. So what is the real differens? The differens is that &amp;quot;well&amp;quot; here convey disource information, in english it typicly attempts to convey information about the listener might not like the information that is being presented and prepares them for information that they will not like.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Discourse particles do not need to be even &amp;quot;words&amp;quot; persay, there are plenty of them that are not considered words and just &amp;quot;noises&amp;quot; we make, &amp;quot;umm&amp;quot; is a classical exemple, it means along the lines of that the speaker is trying to think of something and do not want their turn of speaking being interupted, so in an essence &amp;quot;umm&amp;quot; is saying &amp;quot;I am still talking, give me a moment to think about what I am trying to say and do not take my turn to speak from me&amp;quot;.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;ah ha&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;mmhmm&amp;quot; can be seen as saying &amp;quot;I hear what you&amp;#039;re saying and might agree, please continue as I have been listening so far&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Guides]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>EmperorZelos</name></author>
	</entry>
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