IPA for Bemé - Revision history

Jukethatbox at 16:20, 16 September 2025

2025-09-16T16:20:53Z

Jukethatbox at 18:04, 2 August 2025

2025-08-02T18:04:46Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 18:04, 2 August 2025
Line 17:		Line 17:
	\| ch \|\| [[w:Voiceless postalveolar affricate\|tʃ]] \|\| [[w:Voiceless postalveolar affricate\|ts]] \|\| [[w:Voiceless postalveolar affricate\|tʃ]] \|\| [[Contionary:chena#Bemé\|'''ch'''ena]] \|\| '''Ch'''ina		\| ch \|\| [[w:Voiceless postalveolar affricate\|tʃ]] \|\| [[w:Voiceless postalveolar affricate\|ts]] \|\| [[w:Voiceless postalveolar affricate\|tʃ]] \|\| [[Contionary:chena#Bemé\|'''ch'''ena]] \|\| '''Ch'''ina
	\|-		\|-
	\| d \|\| colspan=3 \| [[w:Voiced alveolar plosive\|d]] \|\| [[Contionary:dan#Bemé\|'''d'''an]] \|\| '''d'''one		\| rowspan=2 \| d \|\| rowspan=2 colspan=2 \| [[w:Voiced alveolar plosive\|d]] \|\| [[w:Voiced alveolar plosive\|d]] \|\| [[Contionary:dan#Bemé\|'''d'''an]] \|\| '''d'''one
	\|-		\|-
	\| g \|\| colspan=3 \| [[w:Voiced velar plosive\|g]] \|\| [[Contionary:gud#Bemé\|'''g'''ud]] \|\| '''g'''ood		\| [[w:Voiced alveolar fricative\|ð]]<ref name="bdg"></ref> \|\| [[Contionary:ridem\|ri'''d'''em]] \|\| '''th'''en
			\|-
			\| rowspan=2 \| g \|\| rowspan=2 colspan=2 \| [[w:Voiced velar plosive\|g]] \|\| [[w:Voiced velar plosive\|g]] \|\| [[Contionary:gud#Bemé\|'''g'''ud]] \|\| '''g'''ood
			\|-
			\| [[w:Voiced velar fricative\|ɣ]]<ref name="bdg"></ref> \|\| [[Contionary:biginim\|bi'''g'''inim]] \|\| (''Columbé'') a'''g'''ain, but without the tongue
			touching the soft palate
	\|-		\|-
	\| rowspan=2 \| gr \|\| rowspan=2 \| gɹ~dʒɹ \|\| kɹ \|\| rowspan=2 \| gɾ \|\| [[Contionary:grinyeh#Bemé\|'''gr'''inyeh]] \|\| '''gr'''ill or '''dr'''ink		\| rowspan=2 \| gr \|\| rowspan=2 \| gɹ~dʒɹ \|\| kɹ \|\| rowspan=2 \| gɾ \|\| [[Contionary:grinyeh#Bemé\|'''gr'''inyeh]] \|\| '''gr'''ill or '''dr'''ink

Jukethatbox at 17:55, 2 August 2025

2025-08-02T17:55:51Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 17:55, 2 August 2025
Line 11:		Line 11:
	! [[File:Poccasin.svg\|24px]]<br>Bemé !! [[File:Bijun.svg\|24px]]<br>Bijun !! [[File:Columban.svg\|24px]]<br>Columbé		! [[File:Poccasin.svg\|24px]]<br>Bemé !! [[File:Bijun.svg\|24px]]<br>Bijun !! [[File:Columban.svg\|24px]]<br>Columbé
	\|-		\|-
	\| b \|\| colspan=3 \| [[w:Voiced bilabial plosive\|b]] \|\| [[Contionary:bemeh#Bemé\|'''b'''emeh]] \|\| '''b'''ow		\| rowspan=2 \| b \|\| rowspan=2 colspan=2 \| [[w:Voiced bilabial plosive\|b]] \|\| [[w:Voiced bilabial plosive\|b]] \|\| [[Contionary:bemeh#Bemé\|'''b'''emeh]] \|\| '''b'''ow
			\|-
			\| [[w:Voiced bilabial fricative\|β]]<ref name="bdg">Columbé /b, d, g/ are lenited to [[w:Voiced fricative\|fricative]] [β, ð, ɣ] or [[w:Approximant\|approximant]] [β̞, ð̞, ɣ̞] in intervocalic positions.</ref> \|\| [[Contionary:abo#Bemé\|a'''b'''o]] \|\| (''Columbé'') between '''b'''a'''b'''y and be'''v'''y
	\|-		\|-
	\| ch \|\| [[w:Voiceless postalveolar affricate\|tʃ]] \|\| [[w:Voiceless postalveolar affricate\|ts]] \|\| [[w:Voiceless postalveolar affricate\|tʃ]] \|\| [[Contionary:chena#Bemé\|'''ch'''ena]] \|\| '''Ch'''ina		\| ch \|\| [[w:Voiceless postalveolar affricate\|tʃ]] \|\| [[w:Voiceless postalveolar affricate\|ts]] \|\| [[w:Voiceless postalveolar affricate\|tʃ]] \|\| [[Contionary:chena#Bemé\|'''ch'''ena]] \|\| '''Ch'''ina

Jukethatbox at 14:43, 12 June 2025

2025-06-12T14:43:17Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:43, 12 June 2025
Line 70:		Line 70:
	\|-		\|-
	\| y \|\| colspan=3 \| [[w:Voiced palatal approximant\|j]] \|\| [[Contionary:yu#Bemé\|'''y'''u]] \|\| '''y'''ou		\| y \|\| colspan=3 \| [[w:Voiced palatal approximant\|j]] \|\| [[Contionary:yu#Bemé\|'''y'''u]] \|\| '''y'''ou
	\|-
	~~\| z \|\| [[w:Voiced alveolar sibilant\|z]] \|\| [[w:Voiceless alveolar sibilant\|s]] \|\| [[w:Voiced alveolar sibilant\|z]] \|\| [[Contionary:mazik#Bemé\|ma'''z'''ik]] \|\| '''z'''oo~~
	\|}		\|}
	\| valign="top" \|		\| valign="top" \|

Jukethatbox at 13:05, 7 June 2025

2025-06-07T13:05:37Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:05, 7 June 2025
Line 23:		Line 23:
	\| kw<ref name=bijun-kr>/kr/ is pronounced /kw/ before back vowels /o u/.</ref><ref name=bijun-rw>Bijun /ɹ/ is pronounced /w/ between a consonant and a back vowel (/o u/). This effect most commonly appears in the cluster /kr gr/ (which are both pronounced /kɹ~kw/ in Bijun specifically).</ref> \|\| [[Contionary:grown#Bemé\|'''gr'''own]] \|\| (''Bijun'') '''qu'''ay		\| kw<ref name=bijun-kr>/kr/ is pronounced /kw/ before back vowels /o u/.</ref><ref name=bijun-rw>Bijun /ɹ/ is pronounced /w/ between a consonant and a back vowel (/o u/). This effect most commonly appears in the cluster /kr gr/ (which are both pronounced /kɹ~kw/ in Bijun specifically).</ref> \|\| [[Contionary:grown#Bemé\|'''gr'''own]] \|\| (''Bijun'') '''qu'''ay
	\|-		\|-
	\| rowspan=2 \| h \|\| [[w:Voiceless glottal fricative\|h]] \|\| [[w:Glottal stop\|ʔ]] \|\| rowspan=2 \| [[w:Voiceless glottal fricative\|h]] \|\| [[Contionary:hampo#Bemé\|'''h'''ampo]] \|\| '''h'''am		\| rowspan=2 \| h \|\| [[w:Voiceless glottal fricative\|h]]<ref>/h/ is pronounced as /[[w:Voiceless glottal fricative\|h]]/ in word-initial positions.</ref> \|\| [[w:Glottal stop\|ʔ]]<ref>Bijun /h/ is pronounced as a [[w:Glottal stop\|glottal stop]] in word-initial positions.</ref> \|\| rowspan=2 \| [[w:Voiceless glottal fricative\|h]]<ref>Columbé /h/ is always present and pronounced /[[w:Voiceless glottal fricative\|h]]/.</ref> \|\| [[Contionary:hampo#Bemé\|'''h'''ampo]] \|\| '''h'''am
	\|-		\|-
	\| [[w:Glottal stop\|ʔ]] \|\| ∅ \|\| ji'''h'''ad \|\| uh'''-'''oh		\| [[w:Glottal stop\|ʔ]]<ref>/h/ is pronounced /ʔ/ in word-medial positions.</ref> \|\| ∅<ref>Bijun /h/ is not pronounced in word-medial positions, so words like ''mehan'' [meʔan] become [mian].</ref> \|\| {{bm\|mehan\|me'''h'''an}} \|\| uh'''-'''oh
	\|-		\|-
	\| j \|\| [[w:Voiced postalveolar affricate\|dʒ]] \|\| [[w:Voiced postalveolar fricative\|ʒ]] \|\| [[w:Voiced postalveolar affricate\|dʒ]] \|\| [[Contionary:jamis#Bemé\|'''j'''amis]] \|\| '''j'''eans		\| j \|\| [[w:Voiced postalveolar affricate\|dʒ]] \|\| [[w:Voiced postalveolar fricative\|ʒ]] \|\| [[w:Voiced postalveolar affricate\|dʒ]] \|\| [[Contionary:jamis#Bemé\|'''j'''amis]] \|\| '''j'''eans
Line 91:		Line 91:
	\| rowspan=3 \| o \|\| rowspan=3 \| [[w:Close-mid back rounded vowel\|o]] \|\| [[w:Open-mid back rounded vowel\|ɔ]]<ref>Bijun /o/ is pronounced /ɔ/ in word-initial syllables.</ref> \|\| rowspan=3 \| [[w:Close-mid back rounded vowel\|o]] \|\| [[Contionary:kolo#Bemé\|k'''o'''lo]] \|\| y'''aw'''n<br>(''Bijun'') '''o'''ff		\| rowspan=3 \| o \|\| rowspan=3 \| [[w:Close-mid back rounded vowel\|o]] \|\| [[w:Open-mid back rounded vowel\|ɔ]]<ref>Bijun /o/ is pronounced /ɔ/ in word-initial syllables.</ref> \|\| rowspan=3 \| [[w:Close-mid back rounded vowel\|o]] \|\| [[Contionary:kolo#Bemé\|k'''o'''lo]] \|\| y'''aw'''n<br>(''Bijun'') '''o'''ff
	\|-		\|-
	\| [[w:Close-mid back rounded vowel\|o]] \|\| ~~[[Contionary:~~komonis\|kom'''o'''nis]] \|\| y'''aw'''n		\| [[w:Close-mid back rounded vowel\|o]] \|\| {{bm\|komonis\|kom'''o'''nis}} \|\| y'''aw'''n
	\|-		\|-
	\| [[w:Close back rounded vowel\|u]]<ref>Bijun /o/ is pronounced /u/ in word-final positions.</ref> \|\| [[Contionary:kolo#Bemé\|kol'''o''']] \|\| (''Bijun'') h'''oo'''k		\| [[w:Close back rounded vowel\|u]]<ref>Bijun /o/ is pronounced /u/ in word-final positions.</ref> \|\| [[Contionary:kolo#Bemé\|kol'''o''']] \|\| (''Bijun'') h'''oo'''k

Jukethatbox at 12:57, 7 June 2025

2025-06-07T12:57:11Z

Jukethatbox at 20:06, 5 June 2025

2025-06-05T20:06:15Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 20:06, 5 June 2025
Line 67:		Line 67:
	\| t \|\| colspan=3 \| [[w:Voiceless alveolar plosive\|t]] \|\| [[Contionary:titrink\|'''t'''itrink]] \|\| '''t'''ea		\| t \|\| colspan=3 \| [[w:Voiceless alveolar plosive\|t]] \|\| [[Contionary:titrink\|'''t'''itrink]] \|\| '''t'''ea
	\|-		\|-
	\| w \|\| colspan=3 \| [[w:Voiced labial-velar approximant\|w]] \|\| [[Contionary:wan#Bemé\|'''w'''an]] \|\| '''w'''ant		\| w \|\| colspan=3 \| [[w:Voiced labial-velar approximant\|w]]<ref>Bijun /ɹ/ is pronounced /w/ between a consonant and a back vowel (/o u/). This effect most commonly appears in the cluster /kr gr/ (which are both pronounced /kɹ~kw/ in Bijun specifically).</ref> \|\| [[Contionary:wan#Bemé\|'''w'''an]] \|\| '''w'''ant
	\|-		\|-
	\| y \|\| colspan=3 \| [[w:Voiced palatal approximant\|j]] \|\| [[Contionary:yu#Bemé\|'''y'''u]] \|\| '''y'''ou		\| y \|\| colspan=3 \| [[w:Voiced palatal approximant\|j]] \|\| [[Contionary:yu#Bemé\|'''y'''u]] \|\| '''y'''ou

Jukethatbox at 20:01, 5 June 2025

2025-06-05T20:01:57Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 20:01, 5 June 2025
Line 5:		Line 5:
	\| valign="top" \|		\| valign="top" \|
	{\| class=wikitable style="text-align: center;"		{\| class=wikitable style="text-align: center;"
	! colspan=7 \| Consonants		! colspan=6 \| Consonants
	\|-		\|-
	! rowspan=2 \| Bemé orthography !! colspan=3 \| IPA !! rowspan=2 \| Examples !! rowspan=2 \| English approximation		! rowspan=2 \| Bemé orthography !! colspan=3 \| IPA !! rowspan=2 \| Examples !! rowspan=2 \| English approximation
Line 21:		Line 21:
	\| rowspan=2 \| gr \|\| rowspan=2 \| gɹ~dʒɹ \|\| kɹ \|\| rowspan=2 \| gɾ \|\| [[Contionary:grinyeh#Bemé\|'''gr'''inyeh]] \|\| '''gr'''ill or '''dr'''ink		\| rowspan=2 \| gr \|\| rowspan=2 \| gɹ~dʒɹ \|\| kɹ \|\| rowspan=2 \| gɾ \|\| [[Contionary:grinyeh#Bemé\|'''gr'''inyeh]] \|\| '''gr'''ill or '''dr'''ink
	\|-		\|-
	\| kw \|\| [[Contionary:grown#Bemé\|'''gr'''own]] \|\| (''Bijun'') '''qu'''ay		\| kw<ref name=bijun-kr>/kr/ is pronounced /kw/ before back vowels /o u/.</ref> \|\| [[Contionary:grown#Bemé\|'''gr'''own]] \|\| (''Bijun'') '''qu'''ay
	\|-		\|-
	\| rowspan=2 \| h \|\| [[w:Voiceless glottal fricative\|h]] \|\| [[w:Glottal stop\|ʔ]] \|\| rowspan=2 \| [[w:Voiceless glottal fricative\|h]] \|\| [[Contionary:hampo#Bemé\|'''h'''ampo]] \|\| '''h'''am		\| rowspan=2 \| h \|\| [[w:Voiceless glottal fricative\|h]] \|\| [[w:Glottal stop\|ʔ]] \|\| rowspan=2 \| [[w:Voiceless glottal fricative\|h]] \|\| [[Contionary:hampo#Bemé\|'''h'''ampo]] \|\| '''h'''am
Line 31:		Line 31:
	\| k \|\| colspan=3 \| [[w:Voiceless velar plosive\|k]] \|\| [[Contionary:kaneh\|'''k'''aneh]] \|\| '''k'''ing		\| k \|\| colspan=3 \| [[w:Voiceless velar plosive\|k]] \|\| [[Contionary:kaneh\|'''k'''aneh]] \|\| '''k'''ing
	\|-		\|-
	\| rowspan=2 \| kr \|\| rowspan=2 \| tɹ̥~kɹ̥~tʃɹ̥ \|\| kɹ \|\| rowspan=2 \| kɾ \|\| [[Contionary:kriyal\|'''kr'''iyal]] \|\| '''kr'''ill or '''tr'''ee		\| rowspan=2 \| kr \|\| rowspan=2 \| tɹ̥~kɹ̥~tʃɹ̥<ref>The distinction between /kr tr tʃr/, as well as between /gr dʒr/, has been historically neutralised, leading to a varying pronunciation:
			* ⟨kr⟩ may be heard as /tɹ̥ kɹ̥ tʃɹ̥/;
			* In the most [[w:Basilect\|basilectal]](''Kriyal'') varieties, the stop may be simply [[w:Aspirated consonant\|strongly aspirated]], leaving /tʰː kʰː tʃʰː/;
			* The realisation may be aspirated [[w:Retroflex consonant\|retroflex]] /ʈʰ/, and similarly [[w:Voiceless retroflex affricate\|affricated]] to /ʈʂ ʈʂʰ/.
			The pronunciation of ⟨gr⟩ is less variable; there still exists a distinction between /gr~dʒr/ and /dr/, though /dr/ is extremely rare and only exists in certain words, such as '''''gr'''ag'' "stop (v.)" and '''''dr'''ag'' "drag queen".</ref>\|\| kɹ \|\| rowspan=2 \| kɾ \|\| [[Contionary:kriyal\|'''kr'''iyal]] \|\| '''kr'''ill or '''tr'''ee
	\|-		\|-
	\| kw \|\| [[Contionary:krom\|'''kr'''om]] \|\| (''Bijun'') '''qu'''ay		\| kw<ref name=bijun-kr></ref> \|\| [[Contionary:krom\|'''kr'''om]] \|\| (''Bijun'') '''qu'''ay
	\|-		\|-
	\| rowspan=2 \| l \|\| rowspan=2 \| [[w:Voiced alveolar lateral approximant\|l]] \|\| rowspan=2 \| [[w:Dark l\|ɫ]] \|\| [[w:Voiced alveolar lateral approximant\|l]] \|\| [[Contionary:kolo#Bemé\|ko'''l'''o]] \|\| '''l'''id		\| rowspan=2 \| l \|\| rowspan=2 \| [[w:Voiced alveolar lateral approximant\|l]] \|\| rowspan=2 \| [[w:Dark l\|ɫ]] \|\| [[w:Voiced alveolar lateral approximant\|l]] \|\| [[Contionary:kolo#Bemé\|ko'''l'''o]] \|\| '''l'''id
	\|-		\|-
	\| [[w:Voiced palatal lateral approximant\|ʎ]] \|\| [[Contionary:Beybl\|Beyb'''l''']] \|\| (''Columbé'') mi'''lli'''on		\| [[w:Voiced palatal lateral approximant\|ʎ]]<ref>Columbé /l/ is only pronounced /ʎ/ when syllabic.</ref> \|\| [[Contionary:Beybl\|Beyb'''l''']] \|\| (''Columbé'') mi'''lli'''on
	\|-		\|-
	\| m \|\| colspan=3 \| [[w:Voiced bilabial nasal\|m]] \|\| [[Contionary:ameh#Bemé\|a'''m'''eh]] \|\| '''m'''other		\| m \|\| colspan=3 \| [[w:Voiced bilabial nasal\|m]] \|\| [[Contionary:ameh#Bemé\|a'''m'''eh]] \|\| '''m'''other
Line 43:		Line 47:
	\| rowspan=2 \| n \|\| colspan=2 rowspan=2 \| [[w:Voiced alveolar nasal\|n]] \|\| [[w:Voiced alveolar nasal\|n]] \|\| [[Contionary:chena\|che'''n'''a]] \|\| '''n'''ice		\| rowspan=2 \| n \|\| colspan=2 rowspan=2 \| [[w:Voiced alveolar nasal\|n]] \|\| [[w:Voiced alveolar nasal\|n]] \|\| [[Contionary:chena\|che'''n'''a]] \|\| '''n'''ice
	\|-		\|-
	\| [[w:Voiced palatal nasal\|ɲ]] \|\| [[Contionary:dampini#Bemé\|dampi'''n'''i]] \|\| (''Columbé'') ca'''ny'''on		\| [[w:Voiced palatal nasal\|ɲ]]<ref>Columbé /n/ is [[w:Palatalization\|palatalised]] before /i/ (but not /iː/, which is an allophone of the diphthong /ei̯/).</ref> \|\| [[Contionary:dampini#Bemé\|dampi'''n'''i]] \|\| (''Columbé'') ca'''ny'''on
	\|-		\|-
	\| ng \|\| colspan=3 \| [[w:Voiced velar nasal\|ŋ]] \|\| [[Contionary:kring#Bemé\|kri'''ng''']] \|\| swimmi'''ng'''		\| ng \|\| colspan=3 \| [[w:Voiced velar nasal\|ŋ]] \|\| [[Contionary:kring#Bemé\|kri'''ng''']] \|\| swimmi'''ng'''
Line 49:		Line 53:
	\| rowspan=2 \| ny \|\| colspan=2 rowspan=2 \| [[w:Voiced palatal nasal\|ɲ]] \|\| [[w:Voiced palatal nasal\|ɲ]] \|\| [[Contionary:snyek\|s'''ny'''ek]] \|\| ca'''ny'''on		\| rowspan=2 \| ny \|\| colspan=2 rowspan=2 \| [[w:Voiced palatal nasal\|ɲ]] \|\| [[w:Voiced palatal nasal\|ɲ]] \|\| [[Contionary:snyek\|s'''ny'''ek]] \|\| ca'''ny'''on
	\|-		\|-
	\| [[w:Nasalization\|j̃]] \|\| [[Contionary:grinyeh#Bemé\|gri'''ny'''eh]] \|\| (''Columbé'') [[w:Polish language\|Polish]] [[w:Gdańsk\|Gda'''ń'''sk]]		\| [[w:Nasalization\|j̃]]<ref>Columbé /ɲ/ is pronounced as /j̃/ in intervocalic positions.</ref> \|\| [[Contionary:grinyeh#Bemé\|gri'''ny'''eh]] \|\| (''Columbé'') [[w:Polish language\|Polish]] [[w:Gdańsk\|Gda'''ń'''sk]]
	\|-		\|-
	\| p \|\| colspan=3 \| [[w:Voiceless bilabial plosive\|p]] \|\| [[Contionary:dampini#Bemé\|dam'''p'''ini]] \|\| s'''p'''in		\| p \|\| colspan=3 \| [[w:Voiceless bilabial plosive\|p]] \|\| [[Contionary:dampini#Bemé\|dam'''p'''ini]] \|\| s'''p'''in
Line 71:		Line 75:
	\| valign="top" \|		\| valign="top" \|
	{\| class=wikitable style="text-align: center;"		{\| class=wikitable style="text-align: center;"
	! colspan=7 \| Vowels		! colspan=6 \| Vowels
	\|-		\|-
	! rowspan=2 \| Bemé orthography !! colspan=3 \| IPA !! rowspan=2 \| Examples !! rowspan=2 \| English approximation		! rowspan=2 \| Bemé orthography !! colspan=3 \| IPA !! rowspan=2 \| Examples !! rowspan=2 \| English approximation
Line 85:		Line 89:
	\| i \|\| colspan=3 \| [[w:Close front unrounded vowel\|i]] \|\| [[Contionary:bi#Bemé\|b'''i''']] \|\| '''ea'''t		\| i \|\| colspan=3 \| [[w:Close front unrounded vowel\|i]] \|\| [[Contionary:bi#Bemé\|b'''i''']] \|\| '''ea'''t
	\|-		\|-
	\| rowspan=2 \| o \|\| rowspan=2 \| [[w:Close-mid back rounded vowel\|o]] \|\| [[w:Open-mid back rounded vowel\|ɔ]] \|\| rowspan=2 \| [[w:Close-mid back rounded vowel\|o]] \|\| [[Contionary:kolo#Bemé\|k'''o'''lo]] \|\| y'''aw'''n<br>(''Bijun'') '''o'''ff		\| rowspan=2 \| o \|\| rowspan=2 \| [[w:Close-mid back rounded vowel\|o]] \|\| [[w:Open-mid back rounded vowel\|ɔ]]<ref>Bijun /o/ is pronounced /ɔ/ in word-initial syllables.</ref> \|\| rowspan=2 \| [[w:Close-mid back rounded vowel\|o]] \|\| [[Contionary:kolo#Bemé\|k'''o'''lo]] \|\| y'''aw'''n<br>(''Bijun'') '''o'''ff
	\|-		\|-
	\| [[w:Close back rounded vowel\|u]] \|\| [[Contionary:kolo#Bemé\|kol'''o''']] \|\| (''Bijun'') h'''oo'''k		\| [[w:Close back rounded vowel\|u]]<ref>Bijun /o/ is pronounced /u/ in word-final positions.</ref> \|\| [[Contionary:kolo#Bemé\|kol'''o''']] \|\| (''Bijun'') h'''oo'''k
	\|-		\|-
	\| u \|\| [[w:Close back rounded vowel\|u]] \|\| [[w:Close back rounded vowel\|ʊ]] \|\| [[w:Open-mid back unrounded vowel\|ʌ]] \|\| [[Contionary:yu#Bemé\|y'''u''']] \|\| h'''oo'''k		\| u \|\| [[w:Close back rounded vowel\|u]] \|\| [[w:Close back rounded vowel\|ʊ]] \|\| [[w:Open-mid back unrounded vowel\|ʌ]] \|\| [[Contionary:yu#Bemé\|y'''u''']] \|\| h'''oo'''k
	\|}		\|}
	{\| class=wikitable style="text-align: center;"		{\| class=wikitable style="text-align: center;"
	! colspan=7 \| Diphthongs		! colspan=6 \| Diphthongs
	\|-		\|-
	! rowspan=2 \| Bemé orthography !! colspan=3 \| IPA !! rowspan=2 \| Examples !! rowspan=2 \| English approximation		! rowspan=2 \| Bemé orthography !! colspan=3 \| IPA !! rowspan=2 \| Examples !! rowspan=2 \| English approximation
	\|-		\|-
	! [[File:Poccasin.svg\|24px]]<br>Bemé !! [[File:Bijun.svg\|24px]]<br>Bijun !! [[File:Columban.svg\|24px]]<br>Columbé		! [[File:Poccasin.svg\|24px]]<br>Bemé !! [[File:Bijun.svg\|24px]]<br>Bijun !! [[File:Columban.svg\|24px]]<br>Columbé<ref>The pronunciation of diphthongs /ei̯ oi̯ ou̯/ in Columbé has great variations; this table only shows the most common pronunciation. For more information, see [[Columbé#Phonology\|Columbé § Phonology]].</ref>
	\|-		\|-
	\| ey \|\| ei̯ \|\| colspan=2 \| eː \|\| [[Contionary:skey#Bemé\|sk'''ey''']] \|\| m'''ay'''		\| ey \|\| ei̯ \|\| colspan=2 \| eː \|\| [[Contionary:skey#Bemé\|sk'''ey''']] \|\| m'''ay'''
Line 104:		Line 108:
	\| rowspan=2 \| ow \|\| rowspan=2 colspan=2 \| ou̯ \|\| uː \|\| rowspan=2 \| [[Contionary:grown#Bemé\|gr'''ow'''n]] \|\| b'''ow''',<br>(''Columbé'') b'''oo'''t (''[[w:Vowel length\|long]]'')		\| rowspan=2 \| ow \|\| rowspan=2 colspan=2 \| ou̯ \|\| uː \|\| rowspan=2 \| [[Contionary:grown#Bemé\|gr'''ow'''n]] \|\| b'''ow''',<br>(''Columbé'') b'''oo'''t (''[[w:Vowel length\|long]]'')
	\|-		\|-
	\| u \|\| (''Columbé'') b'''oo'''t (''[[w:Vowel length\|short]]'')		\| [[w:Close back rounded vowel\|u]]<ref>Columbé /ou̯/ is often pronounced as a short /u/ in closed syllables.</ref> \|\| (''Columbé'') b'''oo'''t (''[[w:Vowel length\|short]]'')
	\|}		\|}
	\|}		\|}
	~~The distinction between /kr tr tʃr/, as well as between /gr dʒr/, has been historically neutralised, leading to a varying pronunciation:~~
	* ⟨kr⟩ may be heard as /tɹ̥ kɹ̥ tʃɹ̥/;
	* In the most [[w:Basilect\|basilectal]](''Kriyal'') varieties, the stop may be simply [[w:Aspirated consonant\|strongly aspirated]], leaving /tʰː kʰː tʃʰː/;
	* The realisation may be aspirated [[w:Retroflex consonant\|retroflex]] /ʈʰ/, and similarly [[w:Voiceless retroflex affricate\|affricated]] to /ʈʂ ʈʂʰ/.
	The pronunciation of ⟨gr⟩ is less variable; there still exists a distinction between /gr~dʒr/ and /dr/, though /dr/ is extremely rare and only exists in certain words, such as '''''gr'''ag'' "stop (v.)" and '''''dr'''ag'' "drag queen".
	[[Category:Bemé]]		[[Category:Bemé]]

Jukethatbox at 19:10, 5 June 2025

2025-06-05T19:10:06Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 19:10, 5 June 2025
Line 92:		Line 92:
	\|}		\|}
	{\| class=wikitable style="text-align: center;"		{\| class=wikitable style="text-align: center;"
	! colspan=4 \| Diphthongs		! colspan=7 \| Diphthongs
	\|-		\|-
	! Bemé orthography !! IPA !! Examples !! English approximation		! rowspan=2 \| Bemé orthography !! colspan=3 \| IPA !! rowspan=2 \| Examples !! rowspan=2 \| English approximation
	\|-		\|-
	\| ~~ey \|\| ei̯ \|~~\| [[~~Contionary~~:~~skey#Bemé~~\|~~sk'''ey'''~~]] ~~\|\| m'''ay'''~~		! [[File:Poccasin.svg\|24px]]<br>Bemé !! [[File:Bijun.svg\|24px]]<br>Bijun !! [[File:Columban.svg\|24px]]<br>Columbé
	\|-		\|-
	\| oi \|\| ~~oi̯~~ \|\| [[Contionary:~~woiwoi~~\|~~w'''oi'''w~~'''oi''']] \|\| j'''oy'''		\| ey \|\| ei̯ \|\| colspan=2 \| eː \|\| [[Contionary:skey#Bemé\|sk'''ey''']] \|\| m'''ay'''
	\|-		\|-
	\| ow \|\| ou̯ \|\| [[Contionary:grown#Bemé\|gr'''ow'''n]] \|\| b'''ow'''		\| oi \|\| oi̯ \|\| ui̯ \|\| oː \|\| [[Contionary:woiwoi\|w'''oi'''w'''oi''']] \|\| j'''oy'''
			\|-
			\| rowspan=2 \| ow \|\| rowspan=2 colspan=2 \| ou̯ \|\| uː \|\| rowspan=2 \| [[Contionary:grown#Bemé\|gr'''ow'''n]] \|\| b'''ow''',<br>(''Columbé'') b'''oo'''t (''[[w:Vowel length\|long]]'')
			\|-
			\| u \|\| (''Columbé'') b'''oo'''t (''[[w:Vowel length\|short]]'')
	\|}		\|}
	\|}		\|}

Jukethatbox at 18:34, 5 June 2025

2025-06-05T18:34:28Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 18:34, 5 June 2025
Line 71:		Line 71:
	\| valign="top" \|		\| valign="top" \|
	{\| class=wikitable style="text-align: center;"		{\| class=wikitable style="text-align: center;"
	! colspan=4 \| Vowels		! colspan=7 \| Vowels
	\|-		\|-
	! Bemé orthography !! IPA !! Examples !! English approximation		! rowspan=2 \| Bemé orthography !! colspan=3 \| IPA !! rowspan=2 \| Examples !! rowspan=2 \| English approximation
	\|-		\|-
	\| ~~a \|\|~~ [[w:~~Open central unrounded vowel~~\|a]] \|\| [[~~Contionary~~:~~jamis#Bemé~~\|~~j'''a'''mis~~]] ~~\|\| tr'''a'''p~~		! [[File:Poccasin.svg\|24px]]<br>Bemé !! [[File:Bijun.svg\|24px]]<br>Bijun !! [[File:Columban.svg\|24px]]<br>Columbé
	\|-		\|-
	\| e \|\| [[w:~~Close-mid front~~ unrounded vowel\|e]] \|\| [[Contionary:~~bemeh~~#Bemé\|b'''e'''~~meh~~]] \|\| m'''a'''y		\| a \|\| colspan=3 \| [[w:Open central unrounded vowel\|a]] \|\| [[Contionary:jamis#Bemé\|j'''a'''mis]] \|\| tr'''a'''p
	\|-		\|-
	\| eh \|\| [[w:~~Open~~-mid front unrounded vowel\|ɛ]] \|\| [[Contionary:bemeh#Bemé\|~~bem~~'''eh''']] \|\| b'''e'''d		\| e \|\| [[w:Close-mid front unrounded vowel\|e]] \|\| [[w:Close front unrounded vowel\|i]] \|\| rowspan=2 \| e~ɛ \|\| [[Contionary:bemeh#Bemé\|b'''e'''meh]] \|\| m'''a'''y
	\|-		\|-
	\| i \|\| [[w:~~Close~~ front unrounded vowel\|i]] \|\| [[Contionary:bi#Bemé\|b'''i''']] \|\| '''ea'''t		\| eh \|\| colspan=2 \| [[w:Open-mid front unrounded vowel\|ɛ]] \|\| [[Contionary:bemeh#Bemé\|bem'''eh''']] \|\| b'''e'''d
	\|-		\|-
	\| o \|\| [[w:Close~~-mid back rounded~~ vowel\|o]] \|\| [[Contionary:~~kolo~~#Bemé\|~~k'''o'''l~~'''o''']] \|\| y'''aw'''n		\| i \|\| colspan=3 \| [[w:Close front unrounded vowel\|i]] \|\| [[Contionary:bi#Bemé\|b'''i''']] \|\| '''ea'''t
	\|-		\|-
	\| u \|\| [[w:~~Near~~-~~close near~~-back rounded vowel\|u]] \|\| [[Contionary:yu#Bemé\|y'''u''']] \|\| h'''oo'''k		\| rowspan=2 \| o \|\| rowspan=2 \| [[w:Close-mid back rounded vowel\|o]] \|\| [[w:Open-mid back rounded vowel\|ɔ]] \|\| rowspan=2 \| [[w:Close-mid back rounded vowel\|o]] \|\| [[Contionary:kolo#Bemé\|k'''o'''lo]] \|\| y'''aw'''n<br>(''Bijun'') '''o'''ff
			\|-
			\| [[w:Close back rounded vowel\|u]] \|\| [[Contionary:kolo#Bemé\|kol'''o''']] \|\| (''Bijun'') h'''oo'''k
			\|-
			\| u \|\| [[w:Close back rounded vowel\|u]] \|\| [[w:Close back rounded vowel\|ʊ]] \|\| [[w:Open-mid back unrounded vowel\|ʌ]] \|\| [[Contionary:yu#Bemé\|y'''u''']] \|\| h'''oo'''k
	\|}		\|}
	{\| class=wikitable style="text-align: center;"		{\| class=wikitable style="text-align: center;"

← Older revision		Revision as of 20:01, 5 June 2025
Line 5:		Line 5:
	\| valign="top" \|		\| valign="top" \|
	{\| class=wikitable style="text-align: center;"		{\| class=wikitable style="text-align: center;"
	! colspan=7 \| Consonants		! colspan=6 \| Consonants
	\|-		\|-
	! rowspan=2 \| Bemé orthography !! colspan=3 \| IPA !! rowspan=2 \| Examples !! rowspan=2 \| English approximation		! rowspan=2 \| Bemé orthography !! colspan=3 \| IPA !! rowspan=2 \| Examples !! rowspan=2 \| English approximation
Line 21:		Line 21:
	\| rowspan=2 \| gr \|\| rowspan=2 \| gɹ~dʒɹ \|\| kɹ \|\| rowspan=2 \| gɾ \|\| [[Contionary:grinyeh#Bemé\|'''gr'''inyeh]] \|\| '''gr'''ill or '''dr'''ink		\| rowspan=2 \| gr \|\| rowspan=2 \| gɹ~dʒɹ \|\| kɹ \|\| rowspan=2 \| gɾ \|\| [[Contionary:grinyeh#Bemé\|'''gr'''inyeh]] \|\| '''gr'''ill or '''dr'''ink
	\|-		\|-
	\| kw \|\| [[Contionary:grown#Bemé\|'''gr'''own]] \|\| (''Bijun'') '''qu'''ay		\| kw<ref name=bijun-kr>/kr/ is pronounced /kw/ before back vowels /o u/.</ref> \|\| [[Contionary:grown#Bemé\|'''gr'''own]] \|\| (''Bijun'') '''qu'''ay
	\|-		\|-
	\| rowspan=2 \| h \|\| [[w:Voiceless glottal fricative\|h]] \|\| [[w:Glottal stop\|ʔ]] \|\| rowspan=2 \| [[w:Voiceless glottal fricative\|h]] \|\| [[Contionary:hampo#Bemé\|'''h'''ampo]] \|\| '''h'''am		\| rowspan=2 \| h \|\| [[w:Voiceless glottal fricative\|h]] \|\| [[w:Glottal stop\|ʔ]] \|\| rowspan=2 \| [[w:Voiceless glottal fricative\|h]] \|\| [[Contionary:hampo#Bemé\|'''h'''ampo]] \|\| '''h'''am
Line 31:		Line 31:
	\| k \|\| colspan=3 \| [[w:Voiceless velar plosive\|k]] \|\| [[Contionary:kaneh\|'''k'''aneh]] \|\| '''k'''ing		\| k \|\| colspan=3 \| [[w:Voiceless velar plosive\|k]] \|\| [[Contionary:kaneh\|'''k'''aneh]] \|\| '''k'''ing
	\|-		\|-
	\| rowspan=2 \| kr \|\| rowspan=2 \| tɹ̥~kɹ̥~tʃɹ̥ \|\| kɹ \|\| rowspan=2 \| kɾ \|\| [[Contionary:kriyal\|'''kr'''iyal]] \|\| '''kr'''ill or '''tr'''ee		\| rowspan=2 \| kr \|\| rowspan=2 \| tɹ̥~kɹ̥~tʃɹ̥<ref>The distinction between /kr tr tʃr/, as well as between /gr dʒr/, has been historically neutralised, leading to a varying pronunciation:
			* ⟨kr⟩ may be heard as /tɹ̥ kɹ̥ tʃɹ̥/;
			* In the most [[w:Basilect\|basilectal]](''Kriyal'') varieties, the stop may be simply [[w:Aspirated consonant\|strongly aspirated]], leaving /tʰː kʰː tʃʰː/;
			* The realisation may be aspirated [[w:Retroflex consonant\|retroflex]] /ʈʰ/, and similarly [[w:Voiceless retroflex affricate\|affricated]] to /ʈʂ ʈʂʰ/.
			The pronunciation of ⟨gr⟩ is less variable; there still exists a distinction between /gr~dʒr/ and /dr/, though /dr/ is extremely rare and only exists in certain words, such as '''''gr'''ag'' "stop (v.)" and '''''dr'''ag'' "drag queen".</ref>\|\| kɹ \|\| rowspan=2 \| kɾ \|\| [[Contionary:kriyal\|'''kr'''iyal]] \|\| '''kr'''ill or '''tr'''ee
	\|-		\|-
	\| kw \|\| [[Contionary:krom\|'''kr'''om]] \|\| (''Bijun'') '''qu'''ay		\| kw<ref name=bijun-kr></ref> \|\| [[Contionary:krom\|'''kr'''om]] \|\| (''Bijun'') '''qu'''ay
	\|-		\|-
	\| rowspan=2 \| l \|\| rowspan=2 \| [[w:Voiced alveolar lateral approximant\|l]] \|\| rowspan=2 \| [[w:Dark l\|ɫ]] \|\| [[w:Voiced alveolar lateral approximant\|l]] \|\| [[Contionary:kolo#Bemé\|ko'''l'''o]] \|\| '''l'''id		\| rowspan=2 \| l \|\| rowspan=2 \| [[w:Voiced alveolar lateral approximant\|l]] \|\| rowspan=2 \| [[w:Dark l\|ɫ]] \|\| [[w:Voiced alveolar lateral approximant\|l]] \|\| [[Contionary:kolo#Bemé\|ko'''l'''o]] \|\| '''l'''id
	\|-		\|-
	\| [[w:Voiced palatal lateral approximant\|ʎ]] \|\| [[Contionary:Beybl\|Beyb'''l''']] \|\| (''Columbé'') mi'''lli'''on		\| [[w:Voiced palatal lateral approximant\|ʎ]]<ref>Columbé /l/ is only pronounced /ʎ/ when syllabic.</ref> \|\| [[Contionary:Beybl\|Beyb'''l''']] \|\| (''Columbé'') mi'''lli'''on
	\|-		\|-
	\| m \|\| colspan=3 \| [[w:Voiced bilabial nasal\|m]] \|\| [[Contionary:ameh#Bemé\|a'''m'''eh]] \|\| '''m'''other		\| m \|\| colspan=3 \| [[w:Voiced bilabial nasal\|m]] \|\| [[Contionary:ameh#Bemé\|a'''m'''eh]] \|\| '''m'''other
Line 43:		Line 47:
	\| rowspan=2 \| n \|\| colspan=2 rowspan=2 \| [[w:Voiced alveolar nasal\|n]] \|\| [[w:Voiced alveolar nasal\|n]] \|\| [[Contionary:chena\|che'''n'''a]] \|\| '''n'''ice		\| rowspan=2 \| n \|\| colspan=2 rowspan=2 \| [[w:Voiced alveolar nasal\|n]] \|\| [[w:Voiced alveolar nasal\|n]] \|\| [[Contionary:chena\|che'''n'''a]] \|\| '''n'''ice
	\|-		\|-
	\| [[w:Voiced palatal nasal\|ɲ]] \|\| [[Contionary:dampini#Bemé\|dampi'''n'''i]] \|\| (''Columbé'') ca'''ny'''on		\| [[w:Voiced palatal nasal\|ɲ]]<ref>Columbé /n/ is [[w:Palatalization\|palatalised]] before /i/ (but not /iː/, which is an allophone of the diphthong /ei̯/).</ref> \|\| [[Contionary:dampini#Bemé\|dampi'''n'''i]] \|\| (''Columbé'') ca'''ny'''on
	\|-		\|-
	\| ng \|\| colspan=3 \| [[w:Voiced velar nasal\|ŋ]] \|\| [[Contionary:kring#Bemé\|kri'''ng''']] \|\| swimmi'''ng'''		\| ng \|\| colspan=3 \| [[w:Voiced velar nasal\|ŋ]] \|\| [[Contionary:kring#Bemé\|kri'''ng''']] \|\| swimmi'''ng'''
Line 49:		Line 53:
	\| rowspan=2 \| ny \|\| colspan=2 rowspan=2 \| [[w:Voiced palatal nasal\|ɲ]] \|\| [[w:Voiced palatal nasal\|ɲ]] \|\| [[Contionary:snyek\|s'''ny'''ek]] \|\| ca'''ny'''on		\| rowspan=2 \| ny \|\| colspan=2 rowspan=2 \| [[w:Voiced palatal nasal\|ɲ]] \|\| [[w:Voiced palatal nasal\|ɲ]] \|\| [[Contionary:snyek\|s'''ny'''ek]] \|\| ca'''ny'''on
	\|-		\|-
	\| [[w:Nasalization\|j̃]] \|\| [[Contionary:grinyeh#Bemé\|gri'''ny'''eh]] \|\| (''Columbé'') [[w:Polish language\|Polish]] [[w:Gdańsk\|Gda'''ń'''sk]]		\| [[w:Nasalization\|j̃]]<ref>Columbé /ɲ/ is pronounced as /j̃/ in intervocalic positions.</ref> \|\| [[Contionary:grinyeh#Bemé\|gri'''ny'''eh]] \|\| (''Columbé'') [[w:Polish language\|Polish]] [[w:Gdańsk\|Gda'''ń'''sk]]
	\|-		\|-
	\| p \|\| colspan=3 \| [[w:Voiceless bilabial plosive\|p]] \|\| [[Contionary:dampini#Bemé\|dam'''p'''ini]] \|\| s'''p'''in		\| p \|\| colspan=3 \| [[w:Voiceless bilabial plosive\|p]] \|\| [[Contionary:dampini#Bemé\|dam'''p'''ini]] \|\| s'''p'''in
Line 71:		Line 75:
	\| valign="top" \|		\| valign="top" \|
	{\| class=wikitable style="text-align: center;"		{\| class=wikitable style="text-align: center;"
	! colspan=7 \| Vowels		! colspan=6 \| Vowels
	\|-		\|-
	! rowspan=2 \| Bemé orthography !! colspan=3 \| IPA !! rowspan=2 \| Examples !! rowspan=2 \| English approximation		! rowspan=2 \| Bemé orthography !! colspan=3 \| IPA !! rowspan=2 \| Examples !! rowspan=2 \| English approximation
Line 85:		Line 89:
	\| i \|\| colspan=3 \| [[w:Close front unrounded vowel\|i]] \|\| [[Contionary:bi#Bemé\|b'''i''']] \|\| '''ea'''t		\| i \|\| colspan=3 \| [[w:Close front unrounded vowel\|i]] \|\| [[Contionary:bi#Bemé\|b'''i''']] \|\| '''ea'''t
	\|-		\|-
	\| rowspan=2 \| o \|\| rowspan=2 \| [[w:Close-mid back rounded vowel\|o]] \|\| [[w:Open-mid back rounded vowel\|ɔ]] \|\| rowspan=2 \| [[w:Close-mid back rounded vowel\|o]] \|\| [[Contionary:kolo#Bemé\|k'''o'''lo]] \|\| y'''aw'''n<br>(''Bijun'') '''o'''ff		\| rowspan=2 \| o \|\| rowspan=2 \| [[w:Close-mid back rounded vowel\|o]] \|\| [[w:Open-mid back rounded vowel\|ɔ]]<ref>Bijun /o/ is pronounced /ɔ/ in word-initial syllables.</ref> \|\| rowspan=2 \| [[w:Close-mid back rounded vowel\|o]] \|\| [[Contionary:kolo#Bemé\|k'''o'''lo]] \|\| y'''aw'''n<br>(''Bijun'') '''o'''ff
	\|-		\|-
	\| [[w:Close back rounded vowel\|u]] \|\| [[Contionary:kolo#Bemé\|kol'''o''']] \|\| (''Bijun'') h'''oo'''k		\| [[w:Close back rounded vowel\|u]]<ref>Bijun /o/ is pronounced /u/ in word-final positions.</ref> \|\| [[Contionary:kolo#Bemé\|kol'''o''']] \|\| (''Bijun'') h'''oo'''k
	\|-		\|-
	\| u \|\| [[w:Close back rounded vowel\|u]] \|\| [[w:Close back rounded vowel\|ʊ]] \|\| [[w:Open-mid back unrounded vowel\|ʌ]] \|\| [[Contionary:yu#Bemé\|y'''u''']] \|\| h'''oo'''k		\| u \|\| [[w:Close back rounded vowel\|u]] \|\| [[w:Close back rounded vowel\|ʊ]] \|\| [[w:Open-mid back unrounded vowel\|ʌ]] \|\| [[Contionary:yu#Bemé\|y'''u''']] \|\| h'''oo'''k
	\|}		\|}
	{\| class=wikitable style="text-align: center;"		{\| class=wikitable style="text-align: center;"
	! colspan=7 \| Diphthongs		! colspan=6 \| Diphthongs
	\|-		\|-
	! rowspan=2 \| Bemé orthography !! colspan=3 \| IPA !! rowspan=2 \| Examples !! rowspan=2 \| English approximation		! rowspan=2 \| Bemé orthography !! colspan=3 \| IPA !! rowspan=2 \| Examples !! rowspan=2 \| English approximation
	\|-		\|-
	! [[File:Poccasin.svg\|24px]]<br>Bemé !! [[File:Bijun.svg\|24px]]<br>Bijun !! [[File:Columban.svg\|24px]]<br>Columbé		! [[File:Poccasin.svg\|24px]]<br>Bemé !! [[File:Bijun.svg\|24px]]<br>Bijun !! [[File:Columban.svg\|24px]]<br>Columbé<ref>The pronunciation of diphthongs /ei̯ oi̯ ou̯/ in Columbé has great variations; this table only shows the most common pronunciation. For more information, see [[Columbé#Phonology\|Columbé § Phonology]].</ref>
	\|-		\|-
	\| ey \|\| ei̯ \|\| colspan=2 \| eː \|\| [[Contionary:skey#Bemé\|sk'''ey''']] \|\| m'''ay'''		\| ey \|\| ei̯ \|\| colspan=2 \| eː \|\| [[Contionary:skey#Bemé\|sk'''ey''']] \|\| m'''ay'''
Line 104:		Line 108:
	\| rowspan=2 \| ow \|\| rowspan=2 colspan=2 \| ou̯ \|\| uː \|\| rowspan=2 \| [[Contionary:grown#Bemé\|gr'''ow'''n]] \|\| b'''ow''',<br>(''Columbé'') b'''oo'''t (''[[w:Vowel length\|long]]'')		\| rowspan=2 \| ow \|\| rowspan=2 colspan=2 \| ou̯ \|\| uː \|\| rowspan=2 \| [[Contionary:grown#Bemé\|gr'''ow'''n]] \|\| b'''ow''',<br>(''Columbé'') b'''oo'''t (''[[w:Vowel length\|long]]'')
	\|-		\|-
	\| u \|\| (''Columbé'') b'''oo'''t (''[[w:Vowel length\|short]]'')		\| [[w:Close back rounded vowel\|u]]<ref>Columbé /ou̯/ is often pronounced as a short /u/ in closed syllables.</ref> \|\| (''Columbé'') b'''oo'''t (''[[w:Vowel length\|short]]'')
	\|}		\|}
	\|}		\|}
	~~The distinction between /kr tr tʃr/, as well as between /gr dʒr/, has been historically neutralised, leading to a varying pronunciation:~~
	* ⟨kr⟩ may be heard as /tɹ̥ kɹ̥ tʃɹ̥/;
	* In the most [[w:Basilect\|basilectal]](''Kriyal'') varieties, the stop may be simply [[w:Aspirated consonant\|strongly aspirated]], leaving /tʰː kʰː tʃʰː/;
	* The realisation may be aspirated [[w:Retroflex consonant\|retroflex]] /ʈʰ/, and similarly [[w:Voiceless retroflex affricate\|affricated]] to /ʈʂ ʈʂʰ/.
	The pronunciation of ⟨gr⟩ is less variable; there still exists a distinction between /gr~dʒr/ and /dr/, though /dr/ is extremely rare and only exists in certain words, such as '''''gr'''ag'' "stop (v.)" and '''''dr'''ag'' "drag queen".
	[[Category:Bemé]]		[[Category:Bemé]]

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:57, 7 June 2025
Line 21:		Line 21:
	\| rowspan=2 \| gr \|\| rowspan=2 \| gɹ~dʒɹ \|\| kɹ \|\| rowspan=2 \| gɾ \|\| [[Contionary:grinyeh#Bemé\|'''gr'''inyeh]] \|\| '''gr'''ill or '''dr'''ink		\| rowspan=2 \| gr \|\| rowspan=2 \| gɹ~dʒɹ \|\| kɹ \|\| rowspan=2 \| gɾ \|\| [[Contionary:grinyeh#Bemé\|'''gr'''inyeh]] \|\| '''gr'''ill or '''dr'''ink
	\|-		\|-
	\| kw<ref name=bijun-kr>/kr/ is pronounced /kw/ before back vowels /o u/.</ref> \|\| [[Contionary:grown#Bemé\|'''gr'''own]] \|\| (''Bijun'') '''qu'''ay		\| kw<ref name=bijun-kr>/kr/ is pronounced /kw/ before back vowels /o u/.</ref><ref name=bijun-rw>Bijun /ɹ/ is pronounced /w/ between a consonant and a back vowel (/o u/). This effect most commonly appears in the cluster /kr gr/ (which are both pronounced /kɹ~kw/ in Bijun specifically).</ref> \|\| [[Contionary:grown#Bemé\|'''gr'''own]] \|\| (''Bijun'') '''qu'''ay
	\|-		\|-
	\| rowspan=2 \| h \|\| [[w:Voiceless glottal fricative\|h]] \|\| [[w:Glottal stop\|ʔ]] \|\| rowspan=2 \| [[w:Voiceless glottal fricative\|h]] \|\| [[Contionary:hampo#Bemé\|'''h'''ampo]] \|\| '''h'''am		\| rowspan=2 \| h \|\| [[w:Voiceless glottal fricative\|h]] \|\| [[w:Glottal stop\|ʔ]] \|\| rowspan=2 \| [[w:Voiceless glottal fricative\|h]] \|\| [[Contionary:hampo#Bemé\|'''h'''ampo]] \|\| '''h'''am
Line 37:		Line 37:
	The pronunciation of ⟨gr⟩ is less variable; there still exists a distinction between /gr~dʒr/ and /dr/, though /dr/ is extremely rare and only exists in certain words, such as '''''gr'''ag'' "stop (v.)" and '''''dr'''ag'' "drag queen".</ref>\|\| kɹ \|\| rowspan=2 \| kɾ \|\| [[Contionary:kriyal\|'''kr'''iyal]] \|\| '''kr'''ill or '''tr'''ee		The pronunciation of ⟨gr⟩ is less variable; there still exists a distinction between /gr~dʒr/ and /dr/, though /dr/ is extremely rare and only exists in certain words, such as '''''gr'''ag'' "stop (v.)" and '''''dr'''ag'' "drag queen".</ref>\|\| kɹ \|\| rowspan=2 \| kɾ \|\| [[Contionary:kriyal\|'''kr'''iyal]] \|\| '''kr'''ill or '''tr'''ee
	\|-		\|-
	\| kw<ref name=bijun-kr></ref> \|\| [[Contionary:krom\|'''kr'''om]] \|\| (''Bijun'') '''qu'''ay		\| kw<ref name=bijun-kr></ref><ref name=bijun-rw></ref> \|\| [[Contionary:krom\|'''kr'''om]] \|\| (''Bijun'') '''qu'''ay
	\|-		\|-
	\| rowspan=2 \| l \|\| rowspan=2 \| [[w:Voiced alveolar lateral approximant\|l]] \|\| rowspan=2 \| [[w:Dark l\|ɫ]] \|\| [[w:Voiced alveolar lateral approximant\|l]] \|\| [[Contionary:kolo#Bemé\|ko'''l'''o]] \|\| '''l'''id		\| rowspan=2 \| l \|\| rowspan=2 \| [[w:Voiced alveolar lateral approximant\|l]] \|\| rowspan=2 \| [[w:Dark l\|ɫ]] \|\| [[w:Voiced alveolar lateral approximant\|l]] \|\| [[Contionary:kolo#Bemé\|ko'''l'''o]] \|\| '''l'''id
Line 45:		Line 45:
	\| m \|\| colspan=3 \| [[w:Voiced bilabial nasal\|m]] \|\| [[Contionary:ameh#Bemé\|a'''m'''eh]] \|\| '''m'''other		\| m \|\| colspan=3 \| [[w:Voiced bilabial nasal\|m]] \|\| [[Contionary:ameh#Bemé\|a'''m'''eh]] \|\| '''m'''other
	\|-		\|-
	\| rowspan=2 \| n \|\| colspan=2 rowspan=2 \| [[w:Voiced alveolar nasal\|n]] \|\| [[w:Voiced alveolar nasal\|n]] \|\| [[Contionary:chena\|che'''n'''a]] \|\| '''n'''ice		\| rowspan=2 \| n \|\| colspan=2 rowspan=2 \| [[w:Voiced alveolar nasal\|n]]<ref>/n/ may be variably pronounced /m ŋ ɲ/ before certain consonants; see [[Bemé#Nasal assimilation]] for more.</ref> \|\| [[w:Voiced alveolar nasal\|n]] \|\| [[Contionary:chena\|che'''n'''a]] \|\| '''n'''ice
	\|-		\|-
	\| [[w:Voiced palatal nasal\|ɲ]]<ref>Columbé /n/ is [[w:Palatalization\|palatalised]] before /i/ (but not /iː/, which is an allophone of the diphthong /ei̯/).</ref> \|\| [[Contionary:dampini#Bemé\|dampi'''n'''i]] \|\| (''Columbé'') ca'''ny'''on		\| [[w:Voiced palatal nasal\|ɲ]]<ref>Columbé /n/ is [[w:Palatalization\|palatalised]] before /i/ (but not /iː/, which is an allophone of the diphthong /ei̯/).</ref> \|\| [[Contionary:dampini#Bemé\|dampi'''n'''i]] \|\| (''Columbé'') ca'''ny'''on
Line 59:		Line 59:
	\| rowspan=2 \| r \|\| rowspan=2 \| [[w:Voiced alveolar approximant\|ɹ]] \|\| [[w:Voiced alveolar approximant\|ɹ]] \|\| rowspan=2 \| [[w:Voiced alveolar tap or flap\|ɾ]] \|\| [[Contionary:ridem\|'''r'''idem]] \|\| '''rh'''ythm		\| rowspan=2 \| r \|\| rowspan=2 \| [[w:Voiced alveolar approximant\|ɹ]] \|\| [[w:Voiced alveolar approximant\|ɹ]] \|\| rowspan=2 \| [[w:Voiced alveolar tap or flap\|ɾ]] \|\| [[Contionary:ridem\|'''r'''idem]] \|\| '''rh'''ythm
	\|-		\|-
	\| [[w:Voiced labial-velar approximant\|w]] \|\| [[Contionary:krom\|k'''r'''om]] \|\| (''Bijun'') '''w'''ing		\| [[w:Voiced labial-velar approximant\|w]]<ref name=bijun-rw></ref> \|\| [[Contionary:krom\|k'''r'''om]] \|\| (''Bijun'') '''w'''ing
	\|-		\|-
	\| s \|\| colspan=3 \| [[w:Voiceless alveolar sibilant\|s]] \|\| [[Contionary:sebis\|'''s'''ebi'''s''']] \|\| '''s'''ervi'''c'''e		\| s \|\| colspan=3 \| [[w:Voiceless alveolar sibilant\|s]] \|\| [[Contionary:sebis\|'''s'''ebi'''s''']] \|\| '''s'''ervi'''c'''e
Line 67:		Line 67:
	\| t \|\| colspan=3 \| [[w:Voiceless alveolar plosive\|t]] \|\| [[Contionary:titrink\|'''t'''itrink]] \|\| '''t'''ea		\| t \|\| colspan=3 \| [[w:Voiceless alveolar plosive\|t]] \|\| [[Contionary:titrink\|'''t'''itrink]] \|\| '''t'''ea
	\|-		\|-
	\| w \|\| colspan=3 \| [[w:Voiced labial-velar approximant\|w]]<ref>Bijun /ɹ/ is pronounced /w/ between a consonant and a back vowel (/o u/). This effect most commonly appears in the cluster /kr gr/ (which are both pronounced /kɹ~kw/ in Bijun specifically).</ref> \|\| [[Contionary:wan#Bemé\|'''w'''an]] \|\| '''w'''ant		\| w \|\| colspan=3 \| [[w:Voiced labial-velar approximant\|w]] \|\| [[Contionary:wan#Bemé\|'''w'''an]] \|\| '''w'''ant
	\|-		\|-
	\| y \|\| colspan=3 \| [[w:Voiced palatal approximant\|j]] \|\| [[Contionary:yu#Bemé\|'''y'''u]] \|\| '''y'''ou		\| y \|\| colspan=3 \| [[w:Voiced palatal approximant\|j]] \|\| [[Contionary:yu#Bemé\|'''y'''u]] \|\| '''y'''ou
Line 83:		Line 83:
	\| a \|\| colspan=3 \| [[w:Open central unrounded vowel\|a]] \|\| [[Contionary:jamis#Bemé\|j'''a'''mis]] \|\| tr'''a'''p		\| a \|\| colspan=3 \| [[w:Open central unrounded vowel\|a]] \|\| [[Contionary:jamis#Bemé\|j'''a'''mis]] \|\| tr'''a'''p
	\|-		\|-
	\| e \|\| [[w:Close-mid front unrounded vowel\|e]] \|\| [[w:Close front unrounded vowel\|i]] \|\| rowspan=2 \| e~ɛ \|\| [[Contionary:bemeh#Bemé\|b'''e'''meh]] \|\| m'''a'''y		\| e \|\| [[w:Close-mid front unrounded vowel\|e]] \|\| [[w:Close front unrounded vowel\|i]] \|\| rowspan=2 \| [[w:Close-mid front unrounded vowel\|e]]<ref>Columbé incorporates a complete lack of ''[[Bemé#Leleh\|leleh]]''; /ɛ/ is always pronounced /e/.</ref> \|\| [[Contionary:bemeh#Bemé\|b'''e'''meh]] \|\| m'''a'''y
	\|-		\|-
	\| eh \|\| colspan=2 \| [[w:Open-mid front unrounded vowel\|ɛ]] \|\| [[Contionary:bemeh#Bemé\|bem'''eh''']] \|\| b'''e'''d		\| eh \|\| colspan=2 \| [[w:Open-mid front unrounded vowel\|ɛ]] \|\| [[Contionary:bemeh#Bemé\|bem'''eh''']] \|\| b'''e'''d
Line 89:		Line 89:
	\| i \|\| colspan=3 \| [[w:Close front unrounded vowel\|i]] \|\| [[Contionary:bi#Bemé\|b'''i''']] \|\| '''ea'''t		\| i \|\| colspan=3 \| [[w:Close front unrounded vowel\|i]] \|\| [[Contionary:bi#Bemé\|b'''i''']] \|\| '''ea'''t
	\|-		\|-
	\| rowspan=2 \| o \|\| rowspan=2 \| [[w:Close-mid back rounded vowel\|o]] \|\| [[w:Open-mid back rounded vowel\|ɔ]]<ref>Bijun /o/ is pronounced /ɔ/ in word-initial syllables.</ref> \|\| rowspan=2 \| [[w:Close-mid back rounded vowel\|o]] \|\| [[Contionary:kolo#Bemé\|k'''o'''lo]] \|\| y'''aw'''n<br>(''Bijun'') '''o'''ff		\| rowspan=3 \| o \|\| rowspan=3 \| [[w:Close-mid back rounded vowel\|o]] \|\| [[w:Open-mid back rounded vowel\|ɔ]]<ref>Bijun /o/ is pronounced /ɔ/ in word-initial syllables.</ref> \|\| rowspan=3 \| [[w:Close-mid back rounded vowel\|o]] \|\| [[Contionary:kolo#Bemé\|k'''o'''lo]] \|\| y'''aw'''n<br>(''Bijun'') '''o'''ff
			\|-
			\| [[w:Close-mid back rounded vowel\|o]] \|\| [[Contionary:komonis\|kom'''o'''nis]] \|\| y'''aw'''n
	\|-		\|-
	\| [[w:Close back rounded vowel\|u]]<ref>Bijun /o/ is pronounced /u/ in word-final positions.</ref> \|\| [[Contionary:kolo#Bemé\|kol'''o''']] \|\| (''Bijun'') h'''oo'''k		\| [[w:Close back rounded vowel\|u]]<ref>Bijun /o/ is pronounced /u/ in word-final positions.</ref> \|\| [[Contionary:kolo#Bemé\|kol'''o''']] \|\| (''Bijun'') h'''oo'''k