Ka'mpang - Revision history

Suqi at 00:41, 1 April 2026

2026-04-01T00:41:08Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 00:41, 1 April 2026
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	# ɨ ə → i e / {T[-click], j}_[±any]		# ɨ ə → i e / {T[-click], j}_[±any]
	# Va Vã → Vː Ṽː		# Va Vã → Vː Ṽː
	# t k → s x / _#		# t k → s x / _% !_{t,k}
	# x → ç / {i, e}[±any]_		# x → ç / {i, e}[±any]_
	# x → χ / {u, o}[±any]_		# x → χ / {u, o}[±any]_
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	=== Phonotactics ===		=== Phonotactics ===
	The syllable structure of the phonemes is (C)(C)V(C).		The syllable structure of the phonemes is (C)(C)V(C).

	~~All the possible phonemic syllables are:~~

	a ma ka <nowiki>'a mma mka m'a kma kka k'a 'ma 'ka ''a am mam kam 'am mmam mkam m'am kmam kkam k'am 'mam 'kam ''am ak mak kak 'ak mmak mkak m'ak kmak kkak k'ak 'mak 'kak ''ak a' ma' ka' 'a' mma' mka' m'a' kma' kka' k'a' 'ma' 'ka' ''a'</nowiki>

	~~These corresponding phonetic syllables are:~~

	â mo ka 'â mmo mpa vâ kwo kka k'â bo ga hâ âng mong kang 'âng mmong mpang m'âng kwom kkang k'âng bong gang hâng ax muq kîx 'ax mmuq mpîx m'ax kwuq kkîx k'ax buq gîx hax â' mo' ka' 'â' mmo' mpa' vâ' kwo' kka' k'â' bo' ga' hâ'

Suqi: /* Romanization */

2026-03-31T16:19:09Z

Romanization

Show changes

Suqi at 15:38, 31 March 2026

2026-03-31T15:38:22Z

Show changes

Suqi at 01:24, 31 March 2026

2026-03-31T01:24:03Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 01:24, 31 March 2026
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	! rowspan="2" \|Labial		! rowspan="2" \|Labial
	! colspan="2" \|(Pre-)alveolar		! colspan="2" \|(Pre-)alveolar
	~~! colspan="2" \|Postalveolar~~
	! rowspan="2" \|Palatal		! rowspan="2" \|Palatal
	! colspan="2" \|Velar		! colspan="2" \|Velar
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	!Plain		!Plain
	!Labial		!Labial
	~~!Plain~~
	~~!Palatal~~
	!Plain		!Plain
	!Labial		!Labial
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	\|m		\|m
	\|n		\|n
	\|
	\|
	\|		\|
	\|		\|
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	\|t d		\|t d
	\|ⁿ͡ᵐt͡p		\|ⁿ͡ᵐt͡p
	\|
	\|
	\|		\|
	\|k ɡ		\|k ɡ
Line 75:		Line 68:
	\|		\|
	\|ɗ͡ɓ		\|ɗ͡ɓ
	\|
	\|
	\|		\|
	\|kʼ		\|kʼ
Line 87:		Line 78:
	\|ᵏʘ		\|ᵏʘ
	\|ᵏǀ		\|ᵏǀ
	\|
	\|
	\|		\|
	\|		\|
Line 99:		Line 88:
	\|ᵏʘˀ		\|ᵏʘˀ
	\|ᵏǀˀ		\|ᵏǀˀ
	\|
	\|
	\|		\|
	\|		\|
Line 112:		Line 99:
	\|s		\|s
	\|		\|
	\|ʂ
	\|ɕ
	\|ç		\|ç
	\|x		\|x
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	\|-		\|-
	! colspan="2" \|Glide		! colspan="2" \|Glide
	\|
	\|
	\|		\|
	\|		\|
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	\|		\|
	\|}		\|}
	A phonetic romanization is more common for Ka'mpang. The consonants are [m n ŋ p t d ⁿ͡ᵐt͡p k ɡ ᵑ͡ᵐk͡p ʔ ɓ ɗ͡ɓ kʼ ɠ͡ɓ ᵏʘ ᵏǀ ᵏʘˀ ᵏǀˀ v s ~~ʂ ɕ~~ ç x χ j w] ⟨m n ng p t d np k g ngp ’ b db f c f’ c’ v s ~~sr sh~~ ch x q y w⟩. Like in the phonemic romanization, /ʔʔ/ and /ʔʔʔ/ are written ⟨-⟩ and ⟨’-⟩, respectively.		A phonetic romanization is more common for Ka'mpang. The consonants are [m n ŋ p t d ⁿ͡ᵐt͡p k ɡ ᵑ͡ᵐk͡p ʔ ɓ ɗ͡ɓ kʼ ɠ͡ɓ ᵏʘ ᵏǀ ᵏʘˀ ᵏǀˀ v s ç x χ j w] ⟨m n ng p t d np k g ngp ’ b db f c f’ c’ v s ch x q y w⟩. Like in the phonemic romanization, /ʔʔ/ and /ʔʔʔ/ are written ⟨-⟩ and ⟨’-⟩, respectively.
	{\| class="wikitable"		{\| class="wikitable"
	! colspan="2" rowspan="3" \|		! colspan="2" rowspan="3" \|

Suqi: /* Allophony */

2026-03-31T01:23:11Z

Allophony

← Older revision		Revision as of 01:23, 31 March 2026
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	# Va Vã → Vː Ṽː		# Va Vã → Vː Ṽː
	# t k → s x / _#		# t k → s x / _#
	# s x → ɕ ç / {i, e}[±any]_		# x → ç / {i, e}[±any]_
	# s x → ʂ χ / {u, o}[±any]_		# x → χ / {u, o}[±any]_

	=== Phonotactics ===		=== Phonotactics ===
	The syllable structure of the phonemes is (C)(C)V(C).		The syllable structure of the phonemes is (C)(C)V(C).

Suqi at 00:24, 31 March 2026

2026-03-31T00:24:06Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 00:24, 31 March 2026
Line 6:		Line 6:

	==== Phonemic ====		==== Phonemic ====
	The phonemic inventory is very simple, but due to the allophony, it becomes more useful to interpret the phonemes as phonological operations rather than phonetic ranges. The '''articulator''' category describes a basic articulation, clusters of which produce simple allophony. The '''phonator''' category describes a phoneme that, in cluster allophony, changes the pronunciation of the articulator rather than adding a new element in a series. The phonator /ʔ/ can modify /m/ and /k/, but not the vowel /a/.		The phonemic inventory is very simple, but due to the allophony, it becomes more useful to interpret the phonemes as phonological operations rather than phonetic ranges. The '''articulator''' category describes a basic articulation, clusters of which produce simple allophony. The '''phonator''' category describes a phoneme that, in cluster allophony, changes the pronunciation of the articulator rather than adding a new element in a series. The phonator /ʔ/ can modify /m/ and /k/, but not the vowel /a/.

	The underlying form of the voiced articulator has been determined to be /m/ because it has only nasal and/or labial voiced allophones, as well as causing only nasalization or labialization in other phonemes. The underlying form of the voiceless articulator has been determined to be /k/ because it has only oral stop and/or velar voiceless allophones, with [k] being the most common, as well as causing only raising or velarization in other phonemes. The underlying form of the phonator has been determined to be /ʔ/ because that is its only phonetic realization outside of clusters, and it does not result in allophony outside of its modification of a consonant. The underlying form of the vowel has been determined to be /a/ because [a] is its realization in the absence of other phonemes and in the strict presence of the phonator.		The underlying form of the voiced articulator has been determined to be /m/ because it has only nasal and/or labial voiced allophones, as well as causing only nasalization or labialization in other phonemes. The underlying form of the voiceless articulator has been determined to be /k/ because it has only oral stop and/or velar voiceless allophones, with [k] being the most common, as well as causing only raising or velarization in other phonemes. The underlying form of the phonator has been determined to be /ʔ/ because that is its only phonetic realization outside of clusters, and it does not result in allophony outside of its modification of a consonant. The underlying form of the vowel has been determined to be /a/ because [a] is its realization in the absence of other phonemes and in the strict presence of the phonator.

Suqi: Created page with "'''Ka'mpang''' /kaʔmkam/ [kəʔmpə̃ŋ] is a language with only four phonemes, but extensive allophony with a wide variety of phones. == Phonology == === Inventory === ==== Phonemic ==== The phonemic inventory is very simple, but due to the allophony, it becomes more useful to interpret the phonemes as phonological operations rather than phonetic ranges. The '''articulator''' category describes a basic articulation, clusters of which produce simple allophony. The ''..."

2026-03-31T00:23:55Z

Created page with "'''Ka'mpang''' /kaʔmkam/ [kəʔmpə̃ŋ] is a language with only four phonemes, but extensive allophony with a wide variety of phones. == Phonology == === Inventory === ==== Phonemic ==== The phonemic inventory is very simple, but due to the allophony, it becomes more useful to interpret the phonemes as phonological operations rather than phonetic ranges. The '''articulator''' category describes a basic articulation, clusters of which produce simple allophony. The ''..."

New page

'''Ka'mpang''' /kaʔmkam/ [kəʔmpə̃ŋ] is a language with only four phonemes, but extensive allophony with a wide variety of phones.

== Phonology ==

=== Inventory ===

==== Phonemic ====
The phonemic inventory is very simple, but due to the allophony, it becomes more useful to interpret the phonemes as phonological operations rather than phonetic ranges. The '''articulator''' category describes a basic articulation, clusters of which produce simple allophony. The '''phonator''' category describes a phoneme that, in cluster allophony, changes the pronunciation of the articulator rather than adding a new element in a series. The phonator /ʔ/ can modify /m/ and /k/, but not the vowel /a/.

The underlying form of the voiced articulator has been determined to be /m/ because it has only nasal and/or labial voiced allophones, as well as causing only nasalization or labialization in other phonemes. The underlying form of the voiceless articulator has been determined to be /k/ because it has only oral stop and/or velar voiceless allophones, with [k] being the most common, as well as causing only raising or velarization in other phonemes. The underlying form of the phonator has been determined to be /ʔ/ because that is its only phonetic realization outside of clusters, and it does not result in allophony outside of its modification of a consonant. The underlying form of the vowel has been determined to be /a/ because [a] is its realization in the absence of other phonemes and in the strict presence of the phonator.
{| class="wikitable"
! colspan="2" |
!Articulator
!Phonator
|-
! rowspan="2" |Consonant
!Voiced
|m
| rowspan="2" |ʔ
|-
!Voiceless
|k
|-
! colspan="2" |Vowel
|a
|
|}
There is a romanization representing only the phonemes, but it is rarely used. /m k ʔ a/ is ⟨m k ’ a⟩ (though /ʔʔ/ and /ʔʔʔ/ are written ⟨-⟩ and ⟨’-⟩, respectively).

==== Phonetic ====
The phonetic inventory is much more useful in understanding the pronunciation of the language.
{| class="wikitable"
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" |
! rowspan="2" |Labial
! colspan="2" |(Pre-)alveolar
! colspan="2" |Postalveolar
! rowspan="2" |Palatal
! colspan="2" |Velar
! rowspan="2" |Uvular
! rowspan="2" |Glottal
|-
!Plain
!Labial
!Plain
!Palatal
!Plain
!Labial
|-
! colspan="2" |Nasal
|m
|n
|
|
|
|
|ŋ
|
|
|
|-
! colspan="2" |Plosive
|p
|t d
|ⁿ͡ᵐt͡p
|
|
|
|k ɡ
|ᵑ͡ᵐk͡p
|
|ʔ
|-
! colspan="2" |Glottalic
|ɓ
|
|ɗ͡ɓ
|
|
|
|kʼ
|ɠ͡ɓ
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |Click
!Tenuis
|ᵏʘ
|ᵏǀ
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
!Glottalized
|ᵏʘˀ
|ᵏǀˀ
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
! colspan="2" |Fricative
|v
|s
|
|ʂ
|ɕ
|ç
|x
|
|χ
|
|-
! colspan="2" |Glide
|
|
|
|
|
|j
|
|w
|
|
|}
A phonetic romanization is more common for Ka'mpang. The consonants are [m n ŋ p t d ⁿ͡ᵐt͡p k ɡ ᵑ͡ᵐk͡p ʔ ɓ ɗ͡ɓ kʼ ɠ͡ɓ ᵏʘ ᵏǀ ᵏʘˀ ᵏǀˀ v s ʂ ɕ ç x χ j w] ⟨m n ng p t d np k g ngp ’ b db f c f’ c’ v s sr sh ch x q y w⟩. Like in the phonemic romanization, /ʔʔ/ and /ʔʔʔ/ are written ⟨-⟩ and ⟨’-⟩, respectively.
{| class="wikitable"
! colspan="2" rowspan="3" |
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" |Front
! colspan="3" |Center
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" |Back
|-
! colspan="2" |Unround
! rowspan="2" |Round
|-
!Oral
!Nasal
!Oral
!Nasal
!Oral
!Nasal
|-
! colspan="2" |Close
|i
|
|ɨ
|
|ʉ
|u
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |Mid
!Short
|e
|ẽ
|ə
|ə̃
|ɵ
|o
|õ
|-
!Long
|eː
|ẽː
|əː
|ə̃ː
|
|oː
|õː
|-
! rowspan="2" |Open
!Short
|
|
|a
|ã
|
|
|
|-
!Long
|
|
|aː
|ãː
|
|
|
|}
Nasalization is not written in the phonetic romanization since it can easily be predicted to occur before any nasal. The vowels are [i ɨ ʉ u e ə ɵ o eː əː oː a aː] ⟨i î û u e a ô o ē ā ō â á⟩.

=== Allophony ===
The allophony rules phonemes must go through to produce the phonetic pronunciation are as follows:

T: [n t tʼ d ⁿ͡ᵐt͡p ɗ͡ɓ ᵏǀ ᵏǀˀ]

K: [ŋ k kʼ ɡ ᵑ͡ᵐk͡p ɠ͡ɓ ᵏʘ ᵏʘˀ]

# ka ma → kə mo
# km ʔm → kw ɓ / %_
# mk ʔk → mp ɡ / %_
# kʔ mʔ → kʼ v / %_
# a ə o → ã ə̃ õ / _m
# a ə o → ɵ ʉ u / _{ɓ, v}
# a ə o → ə ɨ u / _{k, ɡ, k’}
# m → ŋ / ã_{V,#}
# kw k kʼ ɓ v → ᵏʘw ᵏʘ ᵏʘˀ b w / m_
# ə ə̃ → e ẽ / w_
# kmp kɓ → ᵑ͡ᵐk͡p ɠ͡ɓ
# m → N[+POA1] / _C[+POA1 -glottal -palatal]
# K → T / %_(C)V(V)KV(V)(%)_
# K → T / %_(C)V(V)K%
# ɡ → j / C_
# ɨ ə → i e / {T[-click], j}_[±any]
# Va Vã → Vː Ṽː
# t k → s x / _#
# s x → ɕ ç / {i, e}[±any]_
# s x → ʂ χ / {u, o}[±any]_

=== Phonotactics ===
The syllable structure of the phonemes is (C)(C)V(C).