Melinoë: Created page with "{{privatelang}} {{Infobox language |name=Ancient Tevvic |nativename={{l|tevo|चैवैताण्}} |pronunciation=t͡ɕɛː.ʋɛː.ˈtɑːɳ |ethnicity=Tevvics |states=Uttarakhand |fam1=Indo-European |fam2=Para-Germanic |fam3=Chlesamnic |fam4=Tevvic |script1=Deva |ancestor=Proto-Chlesamnic |creator=Melinoë |created=May, 2026 |setting= |familycolor=Indo-European |era=Spoken from the 8th century to the mid 12th..."

2026-06-04T06:41:28Z

Created page with "{{privatelang}} {{Infobox language |name=Ancient Tevvic |nativename={{l|tevo|चैवैताण्}} |pronunciation=t͡ɕɛː.ʋɛː.ˈtɑːɳ |ethnicity=Tevvics |states=Uttarakhand |fam1=Indo-European |fam2=Para-Germanic |fam3=Chlesamnic |fam4=Tevvic |script1=Deva |ancestor=Proto-Chlesamnic |creator=Melinoë |created=May, 2026 |setting= |familycolor=Indo-European |era=Spoken from the 8th century to the mid 12th..."

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{{privatelang}}

{{Infobox language
|name=Ancient Tevvic
|nativename={{l|tevo|चैवैताण्}}
|pronunciation=t͡ɕɛː.ʋɛː.ˈtɑːɳ
|ethnicity=Tevvics
|states=[[w:Uttarakhand|Uttarakhand]]
|fam1=[[w:Indo-European|Indo-European]]
|fam2=Para-Germanic
|fam3=Chlesamnic
|fam4=Tevvic
|script1=Deva
|ancestor=Proto-Chlesamnic
|creator=[[User:Melinoë|Melinoë]]
|created=May, 2026
|setting=
|familycolor=Indo-European
|era=Spoken from the 8th century to the mid 12th century AD, developed into [[Middle Tevvic]] by the mid 13th century AD.
|notice=IPA
}}

Middle Tevvic ([[w:Autonym|Autonym]]: {{lang|tevo|चैवैताण्}}, /t͡ɕɛː.ʋɛː.ˈtɑːɳ/) was a language spoken in northern India, largely around the modern state of Uttarakhand. It is the direct descendant of [[Ancient Tevvic]], though it is not intelligible with it in the slightest.

==History==
==Development==
*final /ɑ, ə, ɛ, ɔ/ lost, long variants shorten to /ə/, /e, o, i, o/ > /ɛ, ɔ, e, o/
*final /h/ lost
*loss of nasals after oral stops, as in Late Ancient Tevvic "{{lang|tevo|phēthmạ́h}}" > Middle Tevvic "{{lang|mtev|phēthe}}".
*voiceless aspirates to voiceless, imparting a high tone on the vowel
*/ə/ > /ɛ/

==Phonology==
===Vowels===
This first table is the set of "primary" vowels.
{|class="wikitable" style="border: none; text-align:center;"
|-
! independent
! transliteration
! IPA
! dependent
| rowspan="10" |
! Independent
! transliteration
! IPA
! dependent
|-
| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|tevo|अ}}
| a
| [ɑ]
| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|tevo|प}}
| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|tevo|आ}}
| ā
| [ɑː]
| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|tevo|पा}}
|-
| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|tevo|इ}}
| i
| [i]
| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|tevo|पि}}
| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|tevo|ई}}
| ī
| [iː]
| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|tevo|पी}}
|-
| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|tevo|उ}}
| u
| [u]
| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|tevo|पु}}
| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|tevo|ऊ}}
| ū
| [uː]
| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|tevo|पू}}
|-
| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|tevo|ऍ}}
| e
| [ɛ]
| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|tevo|पॅ}}
| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|tevo|ऐ}}
| ē
| [ɛː]
| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|tevo|पै}}
|-
| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|tevo|ऎ}}
| ei
| [e]
| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|tevo|पॆ}}
| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|tevo|ए}}
| ēi
| [eː]
| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|tevo|पे}}
|-
| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|tevo|ऑ}}
| o
| [ɔ]
| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|tevo|पॉ}}
| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|tevo|औ}}
| ō
| [ɔː]
| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|tevo|पौ}}
|-
| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|tevo|ऒ}}
| ou
| [o]
| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|tevo|पॊ}}
| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|tevo|ओ}}
| ōu
| [oː]
| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|tevo|पो}}
|-
|}

This second table is the set of "altered" vowels, containing the front rounds and central vowels. These repurpose the anusvara as a quality modifier.
{|class="wikitable" style="border: none; text-align:center;"
|-
! independent
! transliteration
! IPA
! dependent
| rowspan="10" |
! Independent
! transliteration
! IPA
! dependent
|-
| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|tevo|इं}}
| ị
| [y]
| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|tevo|पिं}}
| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|tevo|ईं}}
| ị̄
| [yː]
| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|tevo|पीं}}
|-
| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|tevo|उं}}
| ụ
| [ɨ]
| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|tevo|पुं}}
| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|tevo|ऊं}}
| ụ̄
| [ɨː]
| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|tevo|पूं}}
|-
| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|tevo|ऍं}}
| ẹ
| [œ]
| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|tevo|पॅं}}
| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|tevo|ऐं}}
| ẹ̄
| [œː]
| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|tevo|पैं}}
|-
| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|tevo|ऎं}}
| ẹi
| [ø]
| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|tevo|पॆं}}
| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|tevo|एं}}
| ẹ̄i
| [øː]
| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|tevo|पें}}
|-
|}

Stress is marked through the udatta, such as {{lang|tevo|प॑}} ({{xlit|tevo|प॑}}), though the anudatta is common for tall symbols (as in "{{lang|tevo|पे॒}}" ({{xlit|tevo|"पे॒"}}))

===Consonants===
{|class="wikitable" style="border: none; text-align:center; width:95%"
|-
! Phonetics →
! colspan=8 | Occlusive
! colspan=2 | Nasal
! colspan=2 | Approximant
! colspan=4 | Fricative
|-
! Voicing →
| colspan="4"| voiceless
| colspan="8" style="background:beige;"| voiced
| colspan="2"| voiceless
| colspan="2" style="background:beige;"| voiced
|-
! Aspiration →
| colspan=2 | unaspirated
| colspan=2 style="background:beige;"| aspirated
| colspan=2 | unaspirated
| colspan=2 style="background:beige;"| aspirated
| colspan=8 | unaspirated
|-
!Velar
| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|tevo|क}}
|ka [k]
| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|tevo|ख}}
|kha [k]
| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|tevo|ग}}
|ga [ɡ]
| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|tevo|घ}}
|gha [ɡ]
| colspan=4 |
| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|tevo|ह}}
|ha [h]
| colspan=2 |
|-
!Palatal
| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|tevo|च}}
| ca [tɕ]
| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|tevo|छ}}
|cha [tɕ]
| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|tevo|ज}}
|ja [dʑ]
| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|tevo|झ}}
|jha [dʑ]
| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|tevo|ञ}}
|ña [ɲ]
| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|tevo|य}}
|ya [j]
| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|tevo|श}}
|śa [ɕ]
| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|tevo|झ़}}
|źa [ʑ]
|-
!Retroflex
| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|tevo|ट}}
|ṭa [ʈ]
| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|tevo|ठ}}
|ṭha [ʈ]
| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|tevo|ड}}
|ḍa [ɖ]
| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|tevo|ढ}}
|ḍha [ɖ]
| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|tevo|ण}}
|ṇa [ɳ]
| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|tevo|र}}
|ra [ɻ]
| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|tevo|ष}}
|ṣa [ʂ]
| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|tevo|ढ़}}
|ẓa [ʐ]
|-
!Dental
| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|tevo|त}}
|ta [t̪]
| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|tevo|थ}}
|tha [t̪]
| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|tevo|द}}
|da [d̪]
| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|tevo|ध}}
|dha [d̪]
| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|tevo|न}}
|na [n̪]
| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|tevo|ल}}
|la [l]
| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|tevo|स}}
|sa [s]
| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|tevo|ज़}}
|za [z]
|-
!Labial
| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|tevo|प}}
|pa [p]
| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|tevo|फ}}
|pha [p]
| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|tevo|ब}}
|ba [b]
| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|tevo|भ}}
|bha [b]
| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|tevo|म}}
|ma [m]
| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|tevo|व}}
|va [ʋ]
| colspan=4|
|}

===Prosody===

==Orthography==

==Morphology==
All inflectable terms follow one of three stress patterns, ''acrostatic'' (initial stress), ''mesostatic'' (stressed ending), or ''kinetic''. ''kinetic'' stress originally entailed a moving stress, where it was acrostatic in some forms, but mesostatic in others, this "moving" stress has been leveled out, but the phonological effects remain, as in {{lang|tevo|मंहः॑}} (mạháh) but {{lang|tevo|मंगः॑}} (mạgáh).
===Nominals===
Nominals decline based on roughly 4 categories, those being ''number'', ''case'', ''gender'' (adjectives), and ''possessor'' (nouns). Noun roots may be derived for different genders, often for a semantic change.
====Nouns====
{{inflection-table-top|palette=blue|title=Possessive endings|tall=yes}}
! class=outer colspan=2 |
! singular
! plural
|-
! colspan=2 | 1st
| {{l|tevo|-मै|tr={{xlit|tevo|(-मै)}}}}
| {{l|tevo|-अंः|tr={{xlit|tevo|(-अंः)}}}}
|-
! colspan=2 | 2nd
| {{l|tevo|-तै|tr={{xlit|tevo|(-तै)}}}}
| {{l|tevo|-ऑः|tr={{xlit|tevo|(-ऑः)}}}}
|-
! rowspan=3 | 3rd
! class=secondary | masc./neut.
| {{l|tevo|-णंः|tr={{xlit|tevo|(-णंः)}}}}
| {{l|tevo|-नैसां|tr={{xlit|tevo|(-नैसां)}}}}

|-
! class=secondary rowspan=2 | fem.
| {{l|tevo|-णंष्याः|tr={{xlit|tevo|(-णंष्याः)}}}}
| {{l|tevo|-नीसां|tr={{xlit|tevo|(-नीसां)}}}}
|-
{{inflection-table-bottom|notes=}}
=====Masculines=====
======a-stem======
{{inflection-table-top|palette=blue|title=a-stem masculine nouns (acrostatic)|tall=yes}}
! rowspan=2 class=outer |
! colspan=2 class=outer | {{l|tevo|उ॑ल्फंः}}
! colspan=2 class=outer | {{l|tevo|फ॑ह्रंः}}
! colspan=2 class=outer | {{l|tevo|}}
|-
! singular
! plural
! singular
! plural
! singular
! plural
|-
! nominative
| {{lang|tevo| उ॑ल्फ}}{{lang|tevo|ंः}} (úlphạh)
| {{lang|tevo|उ॑ल्फ}}{{lang|tevo|ॉः}} (úlphoh)
| {{lang|tevo|फ॑ह्र}}{{lang|tevo|ंः}} (pháhrạh)
| {{lang|tevo|फ॑ह्र}}{{lang|tevo|ॉः}} (pháhroh)
| {{lang|tevo|}}{{lang|tevo|}} ()
| {{lang|tevo|}}{{lang|tevo|}} ()
|-
! vocative
| {{lang|tevo|उ॑ल्फ}}{{lang|tevo|्}} (úlph)
| {{lang|tevo|उ॑ल्फ}}{{lang|tevo|ॉः}} (úlphoh)
| {{lang|tevo|फ॑ह्र}}{{lang|tevo|्}} (pháhr)
| {{lang|tevo|फ॑ह्र}}{{lang|tevo|ॉः}} (pháhroh)
| {{lang|tevo|}}{{lang|tevo|}} ()
| {{lang|tevo|}}{{lang|tevo|}} ()
|-
! accusative
| {{lang|tevo|उ॑ल्फ}}{{lang|tevo|}} (úlpha)
| {{lang|tevo|उ॑ल्फ}}{{lang|tevo|ः}} (úlphah)
| {{lang|tevo|फ॑ह्र}}{{lang|tevo|}} (pháhra)
| {{lang|tevo|फ॑ह्र}}{{lang|tevo|ः}} (pháhrah)
| {{lang|tevo|}}{{lang|tevo|}} ()
| {{lang|tevo|}}{{lang|tevo|}} ()
|-
! allative
| {{lang|tevo|उ॑ल्फ}}{{lang|tevo|ौर्}} (úlphōr)
| {{lang|tevo|उ॑ल्फ}}{{lang|tevo|ह्र्}}(úlphahr)
| {{lang|tevo|फ॑ह्र}}{{lang|tevo|ौर्}} (pháhrōr)
| {{lang|tevo|फ॑ह्र}}{{lang|tevo|ह्र्}} (pháhrahr)
| {{lang|tevo|}}{{lang|tevo|}} ()
| {{lang|tevo|}}{{lang|tevo|}} ()
|-
! genitive
| {{lang|tevo|उ॑ल्फ}}{{lang|tevo|ंः}} (úlphạh)
| {{lang|tevo|उ॑ल्फ}}{{lang|tevo|ां}} (úlphạ̄)
| {{lang|tevo|फ॑ह्र}}{{lang|tevo|ंः}} (pháhrạh)
| {{lang|tevo|फ॑ह्र}}{{lang|tevo|ां}} (pháhrạ̄)
| {{lang|tevo|}}{{lang|tevo|}} ()
| {{lang|tevo|}}{{lang|tevo|}} ()
|-
! ablative
| {{lang|tevo|उ॑ल्फ}}{{lang|tevo|ॅच्}} (úlphec)
| {{lang|tevo|उ॑ल्फ}}{{lang|tevo|ः}} (úlphah)
| {{lang|tevo|फ॑ह्र}}{{lang|tevo|ॅच्}} (pháhrec)
| {{lang|tevo|फ॑ह्र}}{{lang|tevo|ः}} (pháhrah)
| {{lang|tevo|}}{{lang|tevo|}} ()
| {{lang|tevo|}}{{lang|tevo|}} ()
|-
! dative
| {{lang|tevo|उ॑ल्फ}}{{lang|tevo|ै}} (úlphē)
| {{lang|tevo|उ॑ल्फ}}{{lang|tevo|ैसॉ}} (úlphēso)
| {{lang|tevo|फ॑ह्र}}{{lang|tevo|ै}} (pháhrē)
| {{lang|tevo|फ॑ह्र}}{{lang|tevo|ैसॉ}} (pháhrēso)
| {{lang|tevo|}}{{lang|tevo|}} ()
| {{lang|tevo|}}{{lang|tevo|}} ()
|-
! instrumental
| {{lang|tevo|उ॑ल्फ}}{{lang|tevo|ॉ}} (úlpho)
| {{lang|tevo|उ॑ल्फ}}{{lang|tevo|ंः}} (úlphạh)
| {{lang|tevo|फ॑ह्र}}{{lang|tevo|ॉ}} (pháhro)
| {{lang|tevo|फ॑ह्र}}{{lang|tevo|ंः}} (pháhrạh)
| {{lang|tevo|}}{{lang|tevo|}} ()
| {{lang|tevo|}}{{lang|tevo|}} ()
|-
{{inflection-table-bottom|notes=}}

====Adjectives====
====Pronouns====

===Prepositions===
===Verbs===
Verbs have undergone an extreme amount of change, the most major being the loss of the passive followed by the subsequent development of a new mediopassive.

{{inflection-table-top|title=Classical conjugation of {{l|tevo|फै॑थ्ण}} (class 1 strong)|tall=y|palette=blue}}
! colspan=2 rowspan=3 |
! colspan=6 | active
|-
! colspan=3 | indicative
! colspan=2 | subjunctive
! rowspan=2 | imperative
|-
! present
! past
! future
! present
! past
|-
! rowspan=3 | singular
! 1st
| {{lang|tevo|फै॑थॉ}}
| {{lang|tevo|फंभै॑थ्}}
| {{lang|tevo|फैधं॑}}
| {{lang|tevo|फै॑थ्यॉ}}
| {{lang|tevo|फंफॅध्यां॑}}
| style="background:lightgrey" |
|-
! 2nd
| {{lang|tevo|फै॑थॅः}}
| {{lang|tevo|फंभै॑स्त्}}
| {{lang|tevo|फैधॅः॑}}
| {{lang|tevo|फै॑थैः}}
| {{lang|tevo|फंफॅध्यॅः॑}}
| {{lang|tevo|फै॑थ्}}
|-
! 3rd
| {{lang|tevo|फै॑थॅथ्}}
| {{lang|tevo|फंभै॑थ्}}
| {{lang|tevo|फैधॅ॑स्च्}}
| {{lang|tevo|फै॑थैथ्}}
| {{lang|tevo|फंफॅध्यॅ॑थ्}}
| {{lang|tevo|फै॑थ्थॉ}}
|-
! rowspan=3 | plural
! 1st
| {{lang|tevo|}}
| {{lang|tevo|}}
| {{lang|tevo|}}
| {{lang|tevo|}}
| {{lang|tevo|}}
| {{lang|tevo|}}
|-
! 2nd
| {{lang|tevo|}}
| {{lang|tevo|}}
| {{lang|tevo|}}
| {{lang|tevo|}}
| {{lang|tevo|}}
| {{lang|tevo|}}
|-
! 3rd
| {{lang|tevo|}}
| {{lang|tevo|}}
| {{lang|tevo|}}
| {{lang|tevo|}}
| {{lang|tevo|}}
| {{lang|tevo|}}
|-
! colspan=8 | passive
|-
! rowspan=3 | singular
! 1st
| {{lang|tevo|}}
| {{lang|tevo|}}
| {{lang|tevo|}}
| {{lang|tevo|}}
| {{lang|tevo|}}
| {{lang|tevo|}}
|-
! 2nd
| {{lang|tevo|}}
| {{lang|tevo|}}
| {{lang|tevo|}}
| {{lang|tevo|}}
| {{lang|tevo|}}
| {{lang|tevo|}}
|-
! 3rd
| {{lang|tevo|}}
| {{lang|tevo|}}
| {{lang|tevo|}}
| {{lang|tevo|}}
| {{lang|tevo|}}
| {{lang|tevo|}}
|-
! rowspan=3 | plural
! 1st
| {{lang|tevo|}}
| {{lang|tevo|}}
| {{lang|tevo|}}
| {{lang|tevo|}}
| {{lang|tevo|}}
| {{lang|tevo|}}
|-
! 2nd
| {{lang|tevo|}}
| {{lang|tevo|}}
| {{lang|tevo|}}
| {{lang|tevo|}}
| {{lang|tevo|}}
| {{lang|tevo|}}
|-
! 3rd
| {{lang|tevo|}}
| {{lang|tevo|}}
| {{lang|tevo|}}
| {{lang|tevo|}}
| {{lang|tevo|}}
| {{lang|tevo|}}
|-
! colspan=2 |
! colspan=3 | active
! colspan=3 | passive
|-
! colspan=2 | infinitive
| colspan=3 | {{lang|tevo|फै॑थ्ण}}
| colspan=3 | {{lang|tevo|}}
|-
! colspan=2 | present participle
| colspan=3 | {{lang|tevo|}}
| colspan=3 |{{lang|tevo|}}
|-
! colspan=2 | past participle
| colspan=3 | {{lang|tevo|}}
| colspan=3 | {{lang|tevo|}}
|-
{{inflection-table-bottom}}

{{inflection-table-top|title=Late conjugation of {{l|tevo|फै॑थ्ण}} (class 1 strong)|tall=y|palette=blue}}
! colspan=2 rowspan=3 |
! colspan=6 | active
|-
! colspan=3 | indicative
! colspan=2 | subjunctive
! rowspan=2 | imperative
|-
! present
! past
! future
! present
! past
|-
! rowspan=2 | singular
! 1st
| {{lang|tevo|फैथॉ॑}}
| {{lang|tevo|भैः॑}}
| {{lang|tevo|फैधं॑}}
| {{lang|tevo|फैथॉ॑}}
| {{lang|tevo|फॅधां॑}}
| style="background:lightgrey" |
|-
! 2nd/3rd
| {{lang|tevo|फैथॅः॑}}
| {{lang|tevo|भैः॑}}
| {{lang|tevo|फैधॅः॑}}
| {{lang|tevo|फैथैः॑}}
| {{lang|tevo|फॅधॅः॑}}
| {{lang|tevo|फैः॑}}
|-
! rowspan=2 | plural
! 1st
| {{lang|tevo|फैथ्मंः॑}}
| {{lang|tevo|भिंथ॑}}
| {{lang|tevo|फैध॑मंः}}
| {{lang|tevo|फैथां॑}}
| {{lang|tevo|फॅधुं॑}}
| style="background:lightgrey" |
|-
! 2nd/3rd
| {{lang|tevo|फैः॑}}
| {{lang|tevo|भिः॑}}
| {{lang|tevo|फैधः॑}}
| {{lang|tevo|फैथैः॑}}
| {{lang|tevo|फॅधिः॑}}
| {{lang|tevo|फैः॑}}
|-
! colspan=8 | passive
|-
! rowspan=2 | singular
! 1st
| {{lang|tevo|}}
| {{lang|tevo|}}
| {{lang|tevo|}}
| {{lang|tevo|}}
| {{lang|tevo|}}
| {{lang|tevo|}}
|-
! 2nd/3rd
| {{lang|tevo|}}
| {{lang|tevo|}}
| {{lang|tevo|}}
| {{lang|tevo|}}
| {{lang|tevo|}}
| {{lang|tevo|}}
|-
! rowspan=2 | plural
! 1st
| {{lang|tevo|}}
| {{lang|tevo|}}
| {{lang|tevo|}}
| {{lang|tevo|}}
| {{lang|tevo|}}
| {{lang|tevo|}}
|-
! 2nd/3rd
| {{lang|tevo|}}
| {{lang|tevo|}}
| {{lang|tevo|}}
| {{lang|tevo|}}
| {{lang|tevo|}}
| {{lang|tevo|}}
|-
! colspan=2 |
! colspan=3 | active
! colspan=3 | passive
|-
! colspan=2 | infinitive
| colspan=3 | {{lang|tevo|फै॑थ्ण}}
| colspan=3 | {{lang|tevo|}}
|-
! colspan=2 | present participle
| colspan=3 | {{lang|tevo|}}
| colspan=3 |{{lang|tevo|}}
|-
! colspan=2 | past participle
| colspan=3 | {{lang|tevo|}}
| colspan=3 | {{lang|tevo|}}
|-
{{inflection-table-bottom}}

==Syntax==
===Word order===
===Questions and answers===

==="To be"===
==Texts==
===UDHR Article 1===
:'''Original (English)'''
All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood.

==Vocabulary==
===Phrasebook===
{| class="wikitable collapsible collapsed" style="text-align:center;"
|- style="font-weight:bold;"
! colspan="3" style="text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Greetings
|- style="font-weight:bold;"
! Tevvotanva
! English
! Usage notes
|-
|
| welcome
| style="font-style:italic;" |
|-
|
| good morning
| rowspan=3 style="font-style:italic;" | must agree for gender
|-
|
| good evening
|-
|
| good day, (formal) hello
|-
|
| farewell, goodbye
|-
|
| hello, hi
| rowspan=2 style="font-style:italic;" | casual
|-
|
| (good)bye
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable collapsible collapsed" style="text-align:center;"
|- style="font-weight:bold;"
! colspan="3" style="text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Introductions
|- style="font-style:normal; font-weight:bold;"
! Tevvotanva
! English
|-
| style="font-style:normal;" |
| what is your name?
|-
| style="font-style:normal;" |
| my name is...
|-
| style="font-style:normal;" |
| how are you?
|-
| style="font-style:normal;" |
| I am [adj], and you?
|-
| style="font-style:normal;" |
| where are you from?
|-
| style="font-style:normal;" |
| I am from...
|}

===Numerals===
{|class="wikitable"
!1
|{{l|tevo|ऐ॑णंः}}
|-
!2
|{{l|tevo|थ्वॅः॑}}
|-
!3
|{{l|tevo|ठाः॑}}
|-
!4
|{{l|tevo|ष्ट्वा॑र्}}
|-
!5
|{{l|tevo|प॑च्}}
|-
!6
|{{l|tevo|स॑ख्श्}}
|-
!7
|{{l|tevo|ष॑वॉथ्}}
|-
!8
|{{l|tevo|अ॑ढ़्दॉथ्}}
|-
!9
|{{l|tevo|न॑वॉथ्}}
|-
!10
|{{l|tevo|च॑हॉथ्}}
|-
!11
|{{l|tevo|ऐ॑णंचहॉथ्}}
|-
!12
|{{l|tevo|थ्वॅ॑चहॉथ्}}
|-
|}

===Colors===
{{Table:colors/tevo}}

===Time===
===Lexical comparison===
====Leipzig-Jakarta====
{|class="wikitable collapsible collapsed"
|-
! colspan=9 | Leipzig-Jakarta List
|-
! Rank
! English
! Proto-?
! Tevvotanva
!
!
|-
|1
| fire
|
| {{l|tevo|}}
|
|
|-
|2
| nose
|
| {{l|tevo|}}
|
|
|-
|3
| to go
|
| {{l|tevo|}}
|
|
|-
|4
| water
|
| {{l|tevo|}}
|
|
|-
|5
| mouth (body)(river)
|
| {{l|tevo|}}
|
|
|-
|6
| tongue
|
| {{l|tevo|}}
|
|
|-
|7
| blood
|
| {{l|tevo|}}
|
|
|-
|8
| bone
|
| {{l|tevo|}}
|
|
|-
|9
| 2sg pronoun (you)
|
| {{l|tevo|}}
|
|
|-
|10
| root
|
| {{l|tevo|}}
|
|
|-
|11
| to come (move)
|
| {{l|tevo|}}
|
|
|-
|12
| breast
|
| {{l|tevo|}}
|
|
|-
|13
| rain
|
| {{l|tevo|}}
|
|
|-
|14
| 1sg pronoun (I)
|
| {{l|tevo|}}
|
|
|-
|15
| name
|
| {{l|tevo|}}
|
|
|-
|16
| louse ([[:w:Phthiraptera|Phthirapteron]])
|
| {{l|tevo|}}
|
|
|-
|17
| wing
|
| {{l|tevo|}}
|
|
|-
|18
| flesh/meat
|
| {{l|tevo|}}
|
|
|-
|19
| arm/hand
|
| {{l|tevo|}}
|
|
|-
|20
| fly ([[:w:Fly|Dipteron]])
|
| {{l|tevo|}}
|
|
|-
|21
| night (time)
|
| {{l|tevo|}}
|
|
|-
|22
| ear
|
| {{l|tevo|}}
|
|
|-
|23
| neck
|
| {{l|tevo|}}
|
|
|-
|24
| far (prep.)
|
| {{l|tevo|}}
|
|
|-
|25
| to do/make
|
| {{l|tevo|}}
|
|
|-
|26
| house/structure
|
| {{l|tevo|}}
|
|
|-
|27
| stone/rock (singular)
|
| {{l|tevo|}}
|
|-
|28
| bitter
|
| {{l|tevo|}}
|
|-
|29
| to say
|
| {{l|tevo|}}
|
|
|-
|30
| tooth
|
| {{l|tevo|}}
|
|-
|31
| hair
|
| {{l|tevo|}}
|
|-
|32
| big
|
| {{l|tevo|}}
|
|-
|33
| one (number)
|
| {{l|tevo|}}
|
|
|-
|34
| who?
|
| {{l|tevo|}}
|
|-
|35
| 3sg pronoun (they) (m)(f)(n)
|
| {{l|tevo|}}
|
|
|-
|36
| to hit/beat
|
| {{l|tevo|}}
|
|-
|37
| leg/foot
|
| {{l|tevo|}}
|
|-
|38
| horn
|
| {{l|tevo|}}
|
|-
|39
| this (pron.)
|
| {{l|tevo|}}
|
|
|-
|40
| fish
|
| {{l|tevo|}}
|
|
|-
|41
| yesterday
|
| {{l|tevo|}}
|
|-
|42
| to drink
|
| {{l|tevo|}}
|
|
|-
|43
| black (color)
|
| {{l|tevo|}}
|
|
|-
|44
| navel
|
| {{l|tevo|}}
|
|-
|45
| to stand
|
| {{l|tevo|}}
|
|-
|46
| to bite
|
| {{l|tevo|}}
|
|-
|47
| back (body)
|
| {{l|tevo|}}
|
|-
|48
| wind
|
| {{l|tevo|}}
|
|-
|49
| smoke (substance)
|
| {{l|tevo|}}
|
|-
|50
| what?
|
| {{l|tevo|}}
|
|-
|51
| child (kin term)
|
| {{l|tevo|}}
|
|-
|52
| egg
|
| {{l|tevo|}}
|
|-
|53
| to give
|
| {{l|tevo|}}
|
|-
|54
| new (adj.)
|
| {{l|tevo|}}
|
|-
|55
| to burn (intr.)
|
| {{l|tevo|}}
|
|-
|56
| not (adj./adv.)
|
| {{l|tevo|}}
|
|
|-
|57
| good
| {{l|tevo|}}
|
|
|
|-
|58
| to know
|
| {{l|tevo|}}
|
|
|-
|59
| knee
|
| {{l|tevo|}}
|
|-
|60
| sand
|
| {{l|tevo|}}
|
|-
|61
| to laugh
|
| {{l|tevo|}}
|
|-
|62
| to hear
|
| {{l|tevo|}}
|
|-
|63
| soil
|
| {{l|tevo|}}
|
|-
|64
| leaf
|
| {{l|tevo|}}
|
|-
|65
| red (color)
|
| {{l|tevo|}}
|
|-
|66
| liver (organ)
|
| {{l|tevo|}}
|
|-
|67
| to hide
|
| {{l|tevo|}}
|
|-
|68
| skin/hide (animal)(general)
|
| {{l|tevo|}}
|
|
|-
|69
| to suck
|
| {{l|tevo|}}
|
|-
|70
| to carry
|
| {{l|tevo|}}
|
|-
|71
| ant ([[:w:Formidae|Formid]])
|
| {{l|tevo|}}
|
|-
|72
| heavy
|
| {{l|tevo|}}
|
|-
|73
| to take
|
| {{l|tevo|}}
|
|-
|74
| old
|
| {{l|tevo|}}
|
|
|-
|75
| to eat
|
| {{l|tevo|}}
|
|
|-
|76
| thigh
|
| {{l|tevo|}}
|
|-
|77
| thick
|
| {{l|tevo|}}
|
|-
|78
| long (spacially)
|
| {{l|tevo|}}
|
|-
|79
| to blow
|
| {{l|tevo|}}
|
|-
|80
| wood
|
| {{l|tevo|}}
|
|-
|81
| to run
|
| {{l|tevo|}}
|
|-
|82
| to fall
|
| {{l|tevo|}}
|
|-
|83
| eye (body-part)
|
| {{l|tevo|}}
|
|-
|84
| ash
|
| {{l|tevo|}}
|
|-
|85
| tail
|
| {{l|tevo|}}
|
|-
|86
| dog
|
| {{l|tevo|}}
|
|
|-
|87
| to cry/weep
|
| {{l|tevo|}}
|
|-
|88
| to tie
|
| {{l|tevo|}}
|
|-
|89
| to see
|
| {{l|tevo|}}
|
|-
|90
| sweet
|
| {{l|tevo|}}
|
|-
|91
| rope
|
| {{l|tevo|}}
|
|-
|92
| shade/shadow
|
| {{l|tevo|}}
|
|-
|93
| bird
|
| {{l|tevo|}}
|
|
|-
|94
| salt
|
| {{l|tevo|}}
|
|-
|95
| small
|
| {{l|tevo|}}
|
|-
|96
| wide
|
| {{l|tevo|}}
|
|-
|97
| star
|
| {{l|tevo|}}
|
|-
|98
| in
|
| {{l|tevo}}
|
|
|-
|99
| hard (materially)
|
| {{l|tevo|}}
|
|-
|100
| to crush/grind
|
| {{l|tevo|}}
|
|-
|}

==See also==
*[[:Category:Middle Tevvic lemmas|Middle Tevvic dictionary]]

[[Category:Languages]]
[[Category:Conlangs]]
[[Category:A posteriori]]
[[Category:Middle Tevvic language]]

← Older revision		Revision as of 07:15, 4 June 2026
Line 34:		Line 34:

	===Middle proper===		===Middle proper===
	*final /ɑ, ə, ɛ, ɔ/ lost, long variants shorten to /ə/, /e, o, i, o/ > /ɛ, ɔ, e, o/		*final /ɑ, ə, ɛ, ɔ/ lost, long variants shorten to /ə/, /e, o, i, u/ > /ɛ, ɔ, e, o/
	*final /h/ lost		*final /h/ lost
	*loss of nasals after oral stops, as in Ancient Tevvic "{{lang\|mtev\|phḗthmạh}}" > Middle Tevvic "{{lang\|mtev\|phēthe}}".		*loss of nasals after oral stops, as in Ancient Tevvic "{{lang\|mtev\|phḗthmạh}}" > Middle Tevvic "{{lang\|mtev\|phēthe}}".

← Older revision		Revision as of 07:13, 4 June 2026
Line 25:		Line 25:
	==History==		==History==
	==Development==		==Development==
			===Early Middle===
			Also called "Late Ancient"
			*/ʎ/ > /ɕ/
			*word final /Cʰ/ > /h/
			*voiced aspirates to voiced, developing a minor tonal distinction
			*beginning of stress shift to mesostatic throughout
			*geminated aspirates to short

			===Middle proper===
	*final /ɑ, ə, ɛ, ɔ/ lost, long variants shorten to /ə/, /e, o, i, o/ > /ɛ, ɔ, e, o/		*final /ɑ, ə, ɛ, ɔ/ lost, long variants shorten to /ə/, /e, o, i, o/ > /ɛ, ɔ, e, o/
	*final /h/ lost		*final /h/ lost

← Older revision		Revision as of 06:41, 4 June 2026
Line 744:		Line 744:

	===Colors===		===Colors===
	{{Table:colors/~~tevo~~}}		{{Table:colors/mtev}}

	===Time===		===Time===

Middle Tevvic - Revision history

Melinoë: /* Verbs */

Melinoë: /* Middle proper */

Melinoë: /* Middle proper */

Melinoë: /* Development */

Melinoë at 07:11, 4 June 2026

Melinoë at 07:10, 4 June 2026

Melinoë: /* Colors */

← Older revision		Revision as of 07:14, 4 June 2026
Line 36:		Line 36:
	*final /ɑ, ə, ɛ, ɔ/ lost, long variants shorten to /ə/, /e, o, i, o/ > /ɛ, ɔ, e, o/		*final /ɑ, ə, ɛ, ɔ/ lost, long variants shorten to /ə/, /e, o, i, o/ > /ɛ, ɔ, e, o/
	*final /h/ lost		*final /h/ lost
	*loss of nasals after oral stops, as in ~~Late~~ Ancient Tevvic "{{lang\|mtev\|~~phēthmạ́h~~}}" > Middle Tevvic "{{lang\|mtev\|phēthe}}".		*loss of nasals after oral stops, as in Ancient Tevvic "{{lang\|mtev\|phḗthmạh}}" > Middle Tevvic "{{lang\|mtev\|phēthe}}".
	*voiceless aspirates to voiceless, imparting a high tone on the vowel		*voiceless aspirates to voiceless, imparting a high tone on the vowel
	*/ə/ > /ɛ/		*/ə/ > /ɛ/

← Older revision		Revision as of 07:11, 4 June 2026
Line 17:		Line 17:
	\|setting=		\|setting=
	\|familycolor=Indo-European		\|familycolor=Indo-European
	\|era=Spoken from the ~~8th century~~ to the ~~mid 12th century AD~~, developed into [[~~Middle~~ Tevvic]] by ~~the mid 13th century AD~~.		\|era=Spoken from the mid 12th to the late 17th centuries, developed into [[Modern Tevvic]] by 1700.
	\|notice=IPA		\|notice=IPA
	}}		}}