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local export = {}

--Based on [[Module:he-translit]] by Malku H₂n̥rés, Sartma, Erutuon, Metaknowledge

local m_str_utils = require("Module:string utilities")

local gcodepoint = m_str_utils.gcodepoint
local match = m_str_utils.match
local s = m_str_utils.gsub
local U = m_str_utils.char

local bidirectional_control_characters =
U(0x061C) .. U(0x200E) .. U(0x200F) .. U(0x202A) .. "-" .. U(0x202E)
.. U(0x2066) .. "-" .. U(0x2069)
local word_end = "%f[%s%z" .. bidirectional_control_characters .. "%-]"
local word_start = "%f[^%s%z" .. bidirectional_control_characters .. "%-]"
-- Bidirectional control characters should be avoided as much as possible,
-- but they are easily picked up when copying and pasting, so the module needs
-- to account for them.
-- This list is from [[w:Bidirectional control character]].

local V = "[aɔɛeiăəou‌āēīōūêôáéíóúḗṓếố][̂̄̆]?́?"
local C = "[ʔḇḡḏhwzḥṭylsʕqrśšṯ'ḵmnfṣbdgptkjc″vḫẓġTZCDK]"

local c = { --direct translit
--full char ie. C
["א"] = "ʔ",
["ב"] = "b",
["ג"] = "g",
["ד"] = "d",
["ה"] = "h",
["ו"] = "w",
["ז"] = "z",
["ח"] = "ḥ",
["ט"] = "ṭ",
["י"] = "y",
["ײ"] = "yy",
["ל"] = "l",
["ס"] = "s",
["ע"] = "ʕ",
["פ"] = "p",
["ק"] = "q",
["ר"] = "r",
["ש"] = "š",
["ת"] = "ṯ",
--miscellaneous:
["׳"] = "'", --geresh
["־"] = "-", --hyphen
["׃"] = " .", --dot
["ׂ"] = "ˊ", --sin dot
["ׁ"] = "ˇ", --shin dot
["ּ"] = "·", --dagesh
["֫"] = "^", --oleh
["ֽ"] = "+", --meteg
["ֿ"] = "–", --rafe
--niqqud ie. V
["ַ"] = "a",
["ָ"] = "ɔ",
["ֶ"] = "ɛ",
["ֵ"] = "e",
["ִ"] = "i",
["ֳ"] = "ɔ̆",
["ֲ"] = "ă",
["ֱ"] = "ɛ̆",
["ְ"] = "ə",
["ֹ"] = "o",
["ֺ"] = "o",
["ֻ"] = "u",
["ׇ"] = "ɔ",
}

local b = { --BH
--when different final form
{"[כך]", "ḵ"},
{"[מם]", "m"},
{"[נן]", "n"},
{"[פף]", "p"},
{"[צץ]", "ṣ"},

{"(" .. V .. ")(–?)(·?)(+?)(^?)([ˊˇ]?'?)", "%5%2%1%4%3"}, --order: s(h)in dot, geresh, dagesh, vowel (niqqud), oleh, meteg
--p + rafe
{"p–", "f"},
{"–", ""},
--s(h)in dot
{"ß(·?)ˇ", "š%1"},
{"ß(·?)ˊ", "ś%1"},
--vowel lengthenings
{"i([+^]?)y", "ī%1"}, --V > long / _{jw}{no V no dagesh}
{"ī([+^]?" .. V .. ")", "iy%1"},
{"ī·", "iy·"},
{"e([+^]?)y", "ē%1"},
{"ē([+^]?" .. V .. ")", "ey%1"},
{"ɛ([+^]?)y", "E%1"}, --see E > ɛ̄ below
{"E([+^]?" .. V .. ")", "ɛy%1"},
{"(" .. C .. "·?)wo", "%1ō"},
{"(" .. V .. "[+^]?)w·", "%1U"},
{"w·", "ū"},
{"U", "w·"},
{"(" .. C .. "·?)y·", "%1ī"},
--h > circumflex / V_{no V no dagesh}
{"(" .. V .. "[+^]?)h", "%1H"},
{"H(" .. V .. ")", "h%1"},
{"H·", "h"},
{"e([+^]?)H", "ê%1"},
{"o([+^]?)H", "ô%1"},
{"ɛ([+^]?)H", "ɛ̂%1"},
{"ɔ([+^]?)H", "ɔ̂%1"},
{"a([+^]?)H", "â%1"},

{"(" .. V .. "[+^]?%s?)(.)·(%s?" .. V .. ")", "%1%2%2%3"}, --dagesh gemination
{"[·ß]", ""}, --deletion of unpointed s(h)ins and useless dageshim
--schwa: Ə means "kept"
{"ə" .. word_end, ""},
{"ə([ḇḡḏḵfṯ])", "Ə%1"},
{"([+‌āēīōūoE])(" .. C .. ")ə", "%1%2Ə"},
{"E", "ɛ̄"}, --see >E above
{"(" .. C .. "ə?" .. C .. ")ə", "%1Ə"},
{"(" .. C .. ")Ə(" .. C .. ")([Əə])", "%1ə%2Ə"},
{word_start .. "([ūw]?a?" .. C .. ")ə", "%1Ə"},
{"ə", ""},
{"Ə", "ə"},

{"([ʕhḥ])a(" .. word_end .. ")", "^a%1%2"}, --final /a/-guttural inversion
--penultimate stress: segolates & -áyiC
{"(" .. C .. "[eɛo])(%+?".. C .. "ɛ" .. C .. ")" .. word_end, "%1^%2"},
{"(" .. C .. "a)(%+?".. C .. C .. "?a" .. C ..")" .. word_end, "%1^%2"},
{"ayi(" .. C .. ")" .. word_end, "a^yi%1"},
--stress marking
{"a^", "á"},
{"e^", "é"},
{"i^", "í"},
{"o^", "ó"},
{"u^", "ú"},
{"ɛ^", "ɛ́"},
{"ɔ^", "ɔ́"},
{"ā^", "ā́"},
{"ē^", "ḗ"},
{"ī^", "ī́"},
{"ō^", "ṓ"},
{"ū^", "ū́"},
{"ɛ̄^", "ɛ̄́"},
{"ɔ̄^", "ɔ̄́"},
{"ê^", "ế"},
{"ô^", "ố"},
{"ɛ̂^", "ɛ̂́"},
{"ɔ̂^", "ɔ̂́"},

{"ɔyw(" .. word_end .. ")", "ɔw%1"}, --irregular…
{"f", "p̄"}, --bc p̄ are 2 chars
{"%s%.", "."}, --quotes: " ." > "." (esthetics)
}

--MH
local m = { --direct change
["ḏ"] = "d",
["ḡ"] = "g",
["ś"] = "s",
["״"] = "″", --gershayim
["q"] = "k",
["ī"] = "i",
["ū"] = "u",
["́"] = "^", --stress marking conversion below
}

local l = {
--indirect
{"p̄", "f"},
{"[̂̆̄]", ""},
{"ḥ'", "ḫ"},
{"ṯ'", "T"},
{"ṭ'", "ẓ"},
{"g'", "j"},
{"z'", "Z"},
{"ṣ'", "C"},
{"d'", "D"},
{"[rʕ]'", "ġ"},
{"(.)%1", "%1"},
{"[ḇw]", "v"},
{"[ḵḥ]", "K"},
{"[ṯṭ]", "t"},
{"'", ""},
{"[ʔʕ]", "'"},
--above: loss of vowel length, loss of gemination, turning n-grams into 1 char, MH mergers.

--schwa
--prefixes
-- {word_start .. "([bvkKlšdm])ə", "%1e"},
-- {"(u[bvkKlšdm])ə", "%1e"},
--initial C clusters
{word_start .. "([rnmly])ə", "%1e"},
{word_start .. "(" .. C .. ")ə([h'])", "%1e%2"},
--internal
{"([ə+]" .. C .. ")ə", "%1e"},
{"(" .. C .. C .. ")ə", "%1e"},
{"[ə+]", ""}, --deletion of remaining schwa and metegim

--put here not above to avoid e/ə confusion
{"[āâă]", "a"},
{"[ēêɛ]", "e"},
{"[ōô]", "o"},
{"[ḗế]", "é"},
{"[ṓố]", "ó"},

{"(" .. word_start .. "[^áéíóú^]-[aeiouɔ])(" .. C .. "?" .. C .. "?)" .. word_end, "%1^%2"}, --module-explicit default final stress...
--same articulation > schwa insertion
{"([bp])([bp])", "%1e%2"},
{"([vf])([vf])", "%1e%2"},
{"([dt])([dt])", "%1e%2"},
{"([DTṣ])([DTṣ])", "%1e%2"},
{"([zs])([zs])", "%1e%2"},
{"([Zš])([Zš])", "%1e%2"},
{"([jC])([jC])", "%1e%2"},
{"([gk])([gk])", "%1e%2"},
{"(K)(K)", "%1e%2"},
{"(r)(r)", "%1e%2"},
{"''", "'e'"},

--a/o, including kol
{"ɔ(" .. C .. C .. ")", "o%1"},
{"ɔ(" .. C .. ")" .. word_end, "o%1"},
{"(" .. word_start .. "[kK])ɔ(^l" .. word_end .. ")", "%1o%2"},
{"([bvkKlšd][ea][kK])ɔ(^l" .. word_end .. ")", "%1o%2"},
-- {"(m[ei][kK])ɔ(^l" .. word_end .. ")", "%1o%2"},
{"(" .. word_start .. "u[kK])ɔ(^l" .. word_end .. ")", "%1o%2"},
{"(ha[kK])ɔ(^l" .. word_end .. ")", "%1o%2"},
{"ɔ", "a"},

{"(" .. word_start .. C .. C .. "?" .. V .. ")^(" .. C .. "?" .. C .. "?" .. word_end .. ")", "%1%2"}, --…reader-implicit acute accent in monosyllabic
--stress marking
{"a^", "á"},
{"e^", "é"},
{"i^", "í"},
{"o^", "ó"},
{"u^", "ú"},
--glottal stops: kept when {CV}'V,
{"(" .. word_start .. ")'", "%1"},
{"'(" .. C .. ")", "%1"},
{"'(" .. word_end .. ")", "%1"},
--fake digraphs
{"([szck])h", "%1'h"},
--one char > displaying
{"ṣ", "ts"},
{"š", "sh"},
{"T", "t'"},
{"Z", "zh"},
{"C", "ch"},
{"D", "d'"},
{"K", "kh"},
}

function export.BH(text)
text = s(s(text, '.', c), "[֣֖֣֑֣֣֧֛֖֥֧֛֥֖֑֣֖֥֔֗֗֙֔]", "") --remove cantillation marks so that it works for quotes too
for a = 1, #b do
text = s(text, b[a][1], b[a][2])
end
return text
end

function export.BH_tr(text)
return (s(export.BH(text), "+", "")) --metegim kept for MH
end

function export.MH_tr(text)
local acronym = false
text = s(export.BH(text), '.', m) --.BH() to keep metegim, m is applied
if match(text, "″") and not match(text, V) then --acronym = gershayim & no V
text = s(s(s(text, "p̄", "p"), "ḇ", "b"), "ḵ", "k")
acronym = true
end
for a = 1, #l do --in any case, l is applied
text = s(text, l[a][1], l[a][2])
end
if acronym == true then
text = mw.ustring.upper(text)
end
return text
end

function export.tr(text, lang, sc)
if not sc then
sc = require("Module:languages").getByCode(lang, nil, true):findBestScript(text):getCode()
end
if sc ~= "Hebr" or not match(text, "[ְ-ֻ־ׇ״]") then
return nil
elseif lang == "itk" then --though useless
return export.BH_tr(text)
end
end

function export.tr_all(frame)
return export.BH_tr(frame.args[1]) .. ", " .. export.MH_tr(frame.args[1])
end

--Erutuon's code for code points below

--[[
local Array = require "Module:array"
local function show_code_point_names(text)
if not text then return "" end
local names = Array()
for cp in gcodepoint(text) do
-- Remove HEBREW LETTER, HEBREW POINT, etc.
local name = require "Module:Unicode data".lookup_name(cp)
:gsub(
"^HEBREW (%w+) ",
function(type)
if type == "ACCENT" then return "ACCENT " else return "" end
end)
:lower()
names:insert(name)
end
return names:concat ", "
end

local old_s = s
function s(...)
local old = ...
local new = old_s(...)
if old ~= new then
mw.log(show_code_point_names(old), show_code_point_names(new), ...)
end
return new
end
--]]

return export

Module:itk-translit - Revision history

Sware: 1 revision imported

wikt>GianWiki at 17:06, 12 February 2026