Nordulaki - Revision history

Jukethatbox at 02:29, 19 November 2023

2023-11-19T02:29:58Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 02:29, 19 November 2023
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	\|name = Nordulaki		\|name = Nordulaki
	\|nativename = nordûlaki<br/>þêuk nordûlaki		\|nativename = nordûlaki<br/>þêuk nordûlaki
	\|pronunciation = [norˈdu(ː)laki]<br/>[ˈθeʊ̯k norˈdu(ː)laki]		\|pronunciation = norˈdu(ː)laki]<br/>[ˈθeʊ̯k norˈdu(ː)laki
	\|~~region~~ = Central Evandor		\|states = Central Evandor
	\|ethnicity = Nordûlaki		\|ethnicity = Nordûlaki
	\|speakers = {{formatnum:290000000}}		\|speakers = {{formatnum:290000000}}
	\|date = 2312		\|date = 2312
	\|setting = [[Verse:Calémere\|Calémere]]		\|setting = [[Verse:Calémere\|Calémere]]
	\|familycolor = ~~#33FF99~~		\|familycolor = Dravidian
	\|fam1 = [[Evandorian languages]]		\|fam1 = [[Evandorian languages]]
	\|fam2 = Northern Evandorian		\|fam2 = Northern Evandorian
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	\|creator = [[User:Lili21\|Lili21]]		\|creator = [[User:Lili21\|Lili21]]
	\|created = Oct 2017		\|created = Oct 2017
	\|~~script~~ = Íscégon script for Nordûlaki		\|scripts = Íscégon script for Nordûlaki
	\|nation = Nordulik, Raxinara, Listord, Kerbellion, Mersefêny, many others		\|nation = Nordulik, Raxinara, Listord, Kerbellion, Mersefêny, many others
	}}		}}

Lili21 at 13:56, 21 January 2020

2020-01-21T13:56:37Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:56, 21 January 2020
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	\|created = Oct 2017		\|created = Oct 2017
	\|script = Íscégon script for Nordûlaki		\|script = Íscégon script for Nordûlaki
	\|nation = Nordulik, Raxinara, Listord, Kerbellion, ~~Sprêny, Peħlleit, Ferbêny, Alêig, Koitrûx~~, many others		\|nation = Nordulik, Raxinara, Listord, Kerbellion, Mersefêny, many others
	}}		}}
	'''Nordulaki''', natively '''(has) þêuk nordûlaki''' [(has) ˈθeʊ̯k norˈdu(ː)laki], is an [[Evandorian languages\|Evandorian language]] of the planet [[Verse:Calémere\|Calémere]] spoken most notably in the central-northern Evandorian country of Nordulik (nat. ''Nordûlik''; Old Nordulaki: ''Nordoğlik'') but also in many former colonies - for a total of 35 countries - around the planet.		'''Nordulaki''', natively '''(has) þêuk nordûlaki''' [(has) ˈθeʊ̯k norˈdu(ː)laki], is an [[Evandorian languages\|Evandorian language]] of the planet [[Verse:Calémere\|Calémere]] spoken most notably in the central-northern Evandorian country of Nordulik (nat. ''Nordûlik''; Old Nordulaki: ''Nordoğlik'') but also in many former colonies - for a total of 35 countries - around the planet.

Lili21 at 16:51, 28 May 2018

2018-05-28T16:51:21Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:51, 28 May 2018
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	Today, Nordulaki is the second most important and most spoken language in the Western world, after its western neighbor [[Cerian]], and Nordulaki itself was the main diplomatic and scientific language of the world until half a century ago. It is the fourth most spoken language on the planet, after Cerian, [[Chlouvānem]], and [[Spocian]].		Today, Nordulaki is the second most important and most spoken language in the Western world, after its western neighbor [[Cerian]], and Nordulaki itself was the main diplomatic and scientific language of the world until half a century ago. It is the fourth most spoken language on the planet, after Cerian, [[Chlouvānem]], and [[Spocian]].

	Nordulaki is a member of the Velken branch, a sub-branch of Northern Evandorian - which includes the Velken languages and [[Gathura]] at the northern end of the continent. Nordulaki's closest sibling is Spyŋun (''~~Spigiħ~~'' in Nordulaki), spoken in its small southern neighbor Spyŋ, but both of them still have many similarities with the Landward Velken sub-branch to the east, which includes, most notably, [[Kalese]]; a noticeable distinction between Nordulaki and Spyŋun and the Landward Velken languages is the former two's complete lack of the aspectual distinctions that characterize the verbs in Landward Velken languages. Nordulaki is among the most isolating Evandorian languages, except for nouns - which display the typical Northern Evandorian trait of having evolved a genitive case, which Proto-Evandorian did not have.		Nordulaki is a member of the Velken branch, a sub-branch of Northern Evandorian - which includes the Velken languages and [[Gathura]] at the northern end of the continent. Nordulaki's closest sibling is Spyŋun (''Spinu'' in Nordulaki), spoken in its small southern neighbor Spyŋ, but both of them still have many similarities with the Landward Velken sub-branch to the east, which includes, most notably, [[Kalese]]; a noticeable distinction between Nordulaki and Spyŋun and the Landward Velken languages is the former two's complete lack of the aspectual distinctions that characterize the verbs in Landward Velken languages. Nordulaki is among the most isolating Evandorian languages, except for nouns - which display the typical Northern Evandorian trait of having evolved a genitive case, which Proto-Evandorian did not have.

	==External History==		==External History==

Lili21 at 12:31, 28 May 2018

2018-05-28T12:31:43Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:31, 28 May 2018
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	{{Infobox language		{{Infobox language
	\|name = Nordulaki		\|name = Nordulaki
	\|nativename = nordûlaki<br/>nordûlaki ~~zarki~~		\|nativename = nordûlaki<br/>þêuk nordûlaki
	\|pronunciation = [norˈdu(ː)laki]<br/>[norˈdu(ː)laki ~~ˈθarki~~]		\|pronunciation = [norˈdu(ː)laki]<br/>[ˈθeʊ̯k norˈdu(ː)laki]
	\|region = Central Evandor		\|region = Central Evandor
	\|ethnicity = Nordûlaki		\|ethnicity = Nordûlaki
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	\|nation = Nordulik, Raxinara, Listord, Kerbellion, Sprêny, Peħlleit, Ferbêny, Alêig, Koitrûx, many others		\|nation = Nordulik, Raxinara, Listord, Kerbellion, Sprêny, Peħlleit, Ferbêny, Alêig, Koitrûx, many others
	}}		}}
	'''Nordulaki''', natively '''nordûlaki ~~zarki~~''' [norˈdu(ː)laki ~~ˈθarki~~], is an [[Evandorian languages\|Evandorian language]] of the planet [[Verse:Calémere\|Calémere]] spoken most notably in the central-northern Evandorian country of Nordulik (nat. ''Nordûlik''; Old Nordulaki: ''Nordoğlik'') but also in many former colonies - for a total of 35 countries - around the planet.		'''Nordulaki''', natively '''(has) þêuk nordûlaki''' [(has) ˈθeʊ̯k norˈdu(ː)laki], is an [[Evandorian languages\|Evandorian language]] of the planet [[Verse:Calémere\|Calémere]] spoken most notably in the central-northern Evandorian country of Nordulik (nat. ''Nordûlik''; Old Nordulaki: ''Nordoğlik'') but also in many former colonies - for a total of 35 countries - around the planet.

	Today, Nordulaki is the second most important and most spoken language in the Western world, after its western neighbor [[Cerian]], and Nordulaki itself was the main diplomatic and scientific language of the world until half a century ago. It is the fourth most spoken language on the planet, after Cerian, [[Chlouvānem]], and [[Spocian]].		Today, Nordulaki is the second most important and most spoken language in the Western world, after its western neighbor [[Cerian]], and Nordulaki itself was the main diplomatic and scientific language of the world until half a century ago. It is the fourth most spoken language on the planet, after Cerian, [[Chlouvānem]], and [[Spocian]].
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	\|-		\|-
	! Fricatives		! Fricatives
	\| \|\| '''f''' f \|\| '''s''' s<br/>'''z''' θ<br/>'''x''' ʃ \|\| ~~'''ħ''' ç~~ \|\| \|\| '''h''' h		\| \|\| '''f''' f \|\| '''s''' s<br/>'''þ''' θ<br/>'''x''' ʃ \|\| \|\| \|\| '''h''' h
	\|-		\|-
	! Laterals		! Laterals
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	\|}		\|}

	The contrast between high-mid and low-mid vowels only exists in stressed syllables; a circumflex accent denotes the closer vowel, while the more open vowel is only marked with an acute in grammatical paradigms or if the accent is irregular (not on the penultimate).<br/>The length contrast for the /i u a/ qualities (from Old Nordûlaki /eɣ oɣ aɣ/ respectively - /eɣ/ also from /øɣ/) is mostly gerontolectal and also only existing in stressed syllables, but still distinguished orthographically, both in minimal pairs (''mir'' "shoe" (< ONor ''müre''), ''mîr'' "palace" (< ONor ''möğru'')) and in other words (notably ''Nordûlik'' (< ONor ''Nordoğlik'') and ''nordûlaki'' (< ''~~nordoğlakki~~'')).		The contrast between high-mid and low-mid vowels only exists in stressed syllables; a circumflex accent denotes the closer vowel, while the more open vowel is only marked with an acute in grammatical paradigms or if the accent is irregular (not on the penultimate).<br/>The length contrast for the /i u a/ qualities (from Old Nordûlaki /eɣ oɣ aɣ/ respectively - /eɣ/ also from /øɣ/) is mostly gerontolectal and also only existing in stressed syllables, but still distinguished orthographically, both in minimal pairs (''mir'' "shoe" (< ONor ''müre''), ''mîr'' "palace" (< ONor ''möğru'')) and in other words (notably ''Nordûlik'' (< ONor ''Nordoğlik'') and ''nordûlaki'' (< ''nordoğlaki'')).

	Note that, orthographically, what appears to be an i-diphthong followed by '''t''' or '''g''' and either a consonant or nothing is not a diphthong but a sequence of a vowel plus an affricate, compare e.g. ''raitu'' /raɪ̯tu/ "flower" and ''prait'' /pratʃ/ (future particle).		Note that, orthographically, what appears to be an i-diphthong followed by '''t''' or '''g''' and either a consonant or nothing is not a diphthong but a sequence of a vowel plus an affricate, compare e.g. ''raitu'' /raɪ̯tu/ "flower" and ''prait'' /pratʃ/ (future particle).
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	==Morphology==		==Morphology==
	===Nouns===		===Nouns===
	Nordulaki nouns are inflected for three cases - nominative (least marked), accusative, and genitive - and two numbers - singular and plural. As common among many Evandorian languages, many common nouns have two stems, with consonants that are not present in the least marked form that appear in the others. ''n-stems'' are particularly important to note as they're most commonly feminine nouns, but the gender-marking ''-n'' is often hidden in the nominative (dictionary) form. The Proto-Evandorian vowel harmony system survives in the accusative singular of a few nouns, as some have ''-uħ'' [-uç], while others have ''-eit'' [-etʃ].		<!--Nordulaki nouns are inflected for three cases - nominative (least marked), accusative, and genitive - and two numbers - singular and plural. As common among many Evandorian languages, many common nouns have two stems, with consonants that are not present in the least marked form that appear in the others. ''n-stems'' are particularly important to note as they're most commonly feminine nouns, but the gender-marking ''-n'' is often hidden in the nominative (dictionary) form. The Proto-Evandorian vowel harmony system survives in the accusative singular of a few nouns, as some have ''-uħ'' [-uç], while others have ''-eit'' [-etʃ].

	Nouns in dictionaries are usually given with two principal parts, the nominative and accusative, as in ''reut, reutuħ'' (hawk) or ''sexki, séxkineit'' (city). Sometimes, however, only the nominative is included.		Nouns in dictionaries are usually given with two principal parts, the nominative and accusative, as in ''reut, reutuħ'' (hawk) or ''sexki, séxkineit'' (city). Sometimes, however, only the nominative is included.
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	! Future		! Future
	\| êx prait		\| êx prait
	\|}		\|}-->
	<!-- How do the words in your language look? How do you derive words from others? Do you have cases? Are verbs inflected? Do nouns differ from adjectives? Do adjectives differ from verbs? Etc. -->		<!-- How do the words in your language look? How do you derive words from others? Do you have cases? Are verbs inflected? Do nouns differ from adjectives? Do adjectives differ from verbs? Etc. -->

Lili21: /* Nouns */

2018-04-30T09:57:27Z

Nouns

← Older revision		Revision as of 09:57, 30 April 2018
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	: ''sexki neuken'' "beautiful city" (feminine sg.)		: ''sexki neuken'' "beautiful city" (feminine sg.)
	But:		But:
	: ''mêfor neukor'' "beautiful dogs" (masculine sg. animate)		: ''mêfor neukor'' "beautiful dogs" (masculine pl. animate)
	: ''paulenor neuxnor'' "beautiful girls" (feminine sg. animate)		: ''paulenor neuxnor'' "beautiful girls" (feminine pl. animate)
	: ''fartor neuken'' "beautiful hills" (masculine sg. inanimate)		: ''fartor neuken'' "beautiful hills" (masculine sg. inanimate)
	: ''séxkinor neuken'' "beautiful cities" (feminine sg. inanimate)		: ''séxkinor neuken'' "beautiful cities" (feminine sg. inanimate)

Lili21 at 09:31, 22 January 2018

2018-01-22T09:31:51Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 09:31, 22 January 2018
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	{{Infobox language		{{Infobox language
	\|name = Nordulaki		\|name = Nordulaki
	\|~~nativname~~ = ~~Nordûlaki~~<br/>nordûlaki zarki		\|nativename = nordûlaki<br/>nordûlaki zarki
	\|pronunciation = [norˈdu(ː)laki]<br/>[norˈdu(ː)laki ˈθarki]		\|pronunciation = [norˈdu(ː)laki]<br/>[norˈdu(ː)laki ˈθarki]
	\|region = Central Evandor		\|region = Central Evandor

Lili21: /* Adjectives */

2018-01-20T15:17:57Z

Adjectives

@@ Line 103: / Line 103: @@
 Nouns in dictionaries are usually given with two principal parts, the nominative and accusative, as in ''reut, reutuħ'' (hawk) or ''sexki, séxkineit'' (city). Sometimes, however, only the nominative is included.
-{| class="wikitable"
+{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
 |-
 ! rowspan=2 | !! colspan=2 | Vowel stem<br/>''reut, reutuħ''<ref>Many vowel stems may have slightly different behaviours as they were originally consonant stems in Old Nordulaki [ɣ～x]. For example, ''reut, reutuħ'' was ''roytu, roytucht'' in Old Nordulaki.</ref> (m) "hawk" !! colspan=2 | Consonant stem<br/>''werz, werzeit'' (m) "boar" !! colspan=2 | n-stem<br/>''paule, pauléneit'' (f) "girl"
@@ Line 133: / Line 133: @@
 : ''fartor neuken'' "beautiful hills" (masculine sg. inanimate)
 : ''séxkinor neuken'' "beautiful cities" (feminine sg. inanimate)
 ===Verbs===

Lili21: /* Nouns */

2018-01-20T15:05:39Z

Nouns

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:05, 20 January 2018
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	Nordulaki nouns are inflected for three cases - nominative (least marked), accusative, and genitive - and two numbers - singular and plural. As common among many Evandorian languages, many common nouns have two stems, with consonants that are not present in the least marked form that appear in the others. ''n-stems'' are particularly important to note as they're most commonly feminine nouns, but the gender-marking ''-n'' is often hidden in the nominative (dictionary) form. The Proto-Evandorian vowel harmony system survives in the accusative singular of a few nouns, as some have ''-uħ'' [-uç], while others have ''-eit'' [-etʃ].		Nordulaki nouns are inflected for three cases - nominative (least marked), accusative, and genitive - and two numbers - singular and plural. As common among many Evandorian languages, many common nouns have two stems, with consonants that are not present in the least marked form that appear in the others. ''n-stems'' are particularly important to note as they're most commonly feminine nouns, but the gender-marking ''-n'' is often hidden in the nominative (dictionary) form. The Proto-Evandorian vowel harmony system survives in the accusative singular of a few nouns, as some have ''-uħ'' [-uç], while others have ''-eit'' [-etʃ].

	Nouns in dictionaries are usually given with two principal parts, the nominative and accusative, as in ''reut, reutuħ'' (hawk) or ''sexki, ~~sexkineit~~'' (city). Sometimes, however, only the nominative is included.		Nouns in dictionaries are usually given with two principal parts, the nominative and accusative, as in ''reut, reutuħ'' (hawk) or ''sexki, séxkineit'' (city). Sometimes, however, only the nominative is included.

	{\| class="wikitable"		{\| class="wikitable"
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	\| reutux \|\| reutorx \|\| werzis \|\| werzorx \|\| paulénys \|\| paulénorx		\| reutux \|\| reutorx \|\| werzis \|\| werzorx \|\| paulénys \|\| paulénorx
	\|}		\|}

			Some nouns, particularly those formed with certain suffixes (like ''-i ～ -in-''), do not change their stress when declined, so that it is orthographically marked in derived forms. An example is ''sexki, séxkinor'' (city, cities)

	Nordulaki has grammatical gender, with a basic masculine/feminine distinction, and the notable feature (shared with Spyŋun and Gathura, but not Landward Velken languages) of having an animate/inanimate distinction in the plural, where animate nouns are still either masculine or feminine but inanimate nouns are, for matter of adjectival concordance, singular feminine - this is not shown on the nouns but on the adjectives (pluractional verbs used for them are still plural, however).		Nordulaki has grammatical gender, with a basic masculine/feminine distinction, and the notable feature (shared with Spyŋun and Gathura, but not Landward Velken languages) of having an animate/inanimate distinction in the plural, where animate nouns are still either masculine or feminine but inanimate nouns are, for matter of adjectival concordance, singular feminine - this is not shown on the nouns but on the adjectives (pluractional verbs used for them are still plural, however).
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	: ''paulenor neuxnor'' "beautiful girls" (feminine sg. animate)		: ''paulenor neuxnor'' "beautiful girls" (feminine sg. animate)
	: ''fartor neuken'' "beautiful hills" (masculine sg. inanimate)		: ''fartor neuken'' "beautiful hills" (masculine sg. inanimate)
	: ''~~sexkinor~~ neuken'' "beautiful cities" (feminine sg. inanimate)		: ''séxkinor neuken'' "beautiful cities" (feminine sg. inanimate)

	===Verbs===		===Verbs===

Lili21: /* Notes */

2018-01-18T11:06:54Z

Notes

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:06, 18 January 2018
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	[[Category:Languages]]		[[Category:Languages]]
	[[Category:Calémere]]		[[Category:Calémere]]
			[[Category:Artlangs]]

Lili21: /* Phonology */

2018-01-18T10:46:08Z

Phonology

← Older revision		Revision as of 10:46, 18 January 2018
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	\|-		\|-
	! Fricatives		! Fricatives
	\| \|\| '''f''' f \|\| '''s''' s<br/>'''z''' θ<br/>'''x''' ʃ \|\| \|\| \|\| '''h''' h		\| \|\| '''f''' f \|\| '''s''' s<br/>'''z''' θ<br/>'''x''' ʃ \|\| '''ħ''' ç \|\| \|\| '''h''' h
	\|-		\|-
	! Laterals		! Laterals
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	<!-- Explain the consonant clusters and vowel clusters that are permissible for use in the language. For example, "st" is an allowed consonant cluster in English while onset "ng" isn't. -->		<!-- Explain the consonant clusters and vowel clusters that are permissible for use in the language. For example, "st" is an allowed consonant cluster in English while onset "ng" isn't. -->
	===Morphophonology===		===Morphophonology===

	==Morphology==		==Morphology==
	===Nouns===		===Nouns===