Proto-Naktap-Semi - Revision history

Chuvachok1234 at 16:02, 11 June 2025

2025-06-11T16:02:21Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:02, 11 June 2025
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	Verb Valency Voice Tense Aspect Mood		Verb Valency Voice Tense Aspect Mood

	Only Valency-changing suffix is Causative pʰəɟ. Only ~~mood~~ is Conditional kʰaca. Two voices are reconstructed: Passive ənəɟi and Reflexive (also known by Naktap-Semi linguistsas "Middle") *aba. Tense system is similar to those found in it's descendants:		Only Valency-changing suffix is Causative pʰəɟ. Only Mood is Conditional kʰaca. Two voices are reconstructed: Passive ənəɟi and Reflexive (also known by Naktap-Semi linguistsas "Middle") aba. Tense system is similar to those found in it's descendants:
	* Recent Past: *aɡətʰ		* Recent Past: *aɡətʰ
	* Distant Past: *muɡus		* Distant Past: *muɡus
Line 51:		Line 51:
	* Hodiernal (Today): *kicʰi		* Hodiernal (Today): *kicʰi
	* Crastinal Future (Tomorrow): *kibi		* Crastinal Future (Tomorrow): *kibi

			There is imperfective agida and Habitual damagu.

	Negation is formed by adding ɟu and is mostly used for adjectives and verbs. In Naktap it's used in verbs to form inverted meaning, like "to tie" to "to untie" and particle being used before the word else. In Semi for inverted meanings descendant of ɟuden is reconstruced, probably related to bemibden "front, face"		Negation is formed by adding ɟu and is mostly used for adjectives and verbs. In Naktap it's used in verbs to form inverted meaning, like "to tie" to "to untie" and particle being used before the word else. In Semi for inverted meanings descendant of ɟuden is reconstruced, probably related to bemibden "front, face"

Chuvachok1234 at 15:59, 11 June 2025

2025-06-11T15:59:46Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:59, 11 June 2025
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	==Phonology		==Phonology==
	{\| class="wikitable" style="margin:autmargin:auto;"		{\| class="wikitable" style="margin:autmargin:auto;"
	\|+caption \| Consonant phonemes		\|+caption \| Consonant phonemes

Chuvachok1234 at 15:59, 11 June 2025

2025-06-11T15:59:23Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:59, 11 June 2025
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	{\| class="wikitable" style="margin:autmargin:auto;"		==Phonology
			{\| class="wikitable" style="margin:autmargin:auto;"
	\|+caption \| Consonant phonemes		\|+caption \| Consonant phonemes
	\|-		\|-
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	\|}		\|}

			Vowel system is /a e i o u ə/ without vowel length or gemination. Syllable structure is (C)V(C) and stress falls on the first syllable
	==Grammar==		==Grammar==
	Similar to it's descendants Proto-Naktap-Semi had SOV, Head-final word order. Instead of using suffixes like it's desxendants it uses particles. Plural particle *tʰə put after case particles can be reconstructed. Proto-Naktap-Semi had following cases:		Similar to it's descendants Proto-Naktap-Semi had SOV, Head-final word order. Instead of using suffixes like it's desxendants it uses particles. Plural particle *tʰə put after case particles can be reconstructed. Proto-Naktap-Semi had following cases:

Chuvachok1234: Created page with "{| class="wikitable" style="margin:autmargin:auto;" |+caption | Consonant phonemes |- ! colspan="1" rowspan="1" | ! rowspan="1" | Labial ! colspan="1" | Dental ! colspan="1" | Palatal ! colspan="1" | Velar |- |- style="text-align:center;" ! colspan="1" | Nasal | m | n | ɲ | |- style="text-align:center;" ! rowspan="1" | Stop | p pʰ b | t tʰ d | c cʰ ɟ | k kʰ ɡ |- style="text-align:center;" ! rowspan="1" | Fricative | | s | | |} ==Grammar== Similar..."

2025-06-11T13:37:45Z

Created page with "{| class="wikitable" style="margin:autmargin:auto;" |+caption | Consonant phonemes |- ! colspan="1" rowspan="1" | ! rowspan="1" | Labial ! colspan="1" | Dental ! colspan="1" | Palatal ! colspan="1" | Velar |- |- style="text-align:center;" ! colspan="1" | Nasal | *m | *n | *ɲ | |- style="text-align:center;" ! rowspan="1" | Stop | *p *pʰ *b | *t *tʰ *d | *c *cʰ *ɟ | *k *kʰ *ɡ |- style="text-align:center;" ! rowspan="1" | Fricative | | *s | | |} ==Grammar== Similar..."

New page

{| class="wikitable" style="margin:autmargin:auto;"
|+caption | Consonant phonemes
|-
! colspan="1" rowspan="1" |
! rowspan="1" | Labial
! colspan="1" | Dental
! colspan="1" | Palatal
! colspan="1" | Velar
|-
|- style="text-align:center;"
! colspan="1" | Nasal
| *m
| *n
| *ɲ
|
|- style="text-align:center;"
! rowspan="1" | Stop
| *p *pʰ *b
| *t *tʰ *d
| *c *cʰ *ɟ
| *k *kʰ *ɡ
|- style="text-align:center;"
! rowspan="1" | Fricative
|
| *s
|
|
|}

==Grammar==
Similar to it's descendants Proto-Naktap-Semi had SOV, Head-final word order. Instead of using suffixes like it's desxendants it uses particles. Plural particle *tʰə put after case particles can be reconstructed. Proto-Naktap-Semi had following cases:
*Nominative: unmarked
*Accusative: *əɲtʰə
*Genetive: *eka
*Dative: *məɟ
*Ablative *apta
*Locative *kʰan
*Lative: *pesi
*Instrumental: *kuba
Verb particles are put in this order:

Verb Valency Voice Tense Aspect Mood

Only Valency-changing suffix is Causative *pʰəɟ. Only mood is Conditional kʰaca. Two voices are reconstructed: Passive *ənəɟi and Reflexive (also known by Naktap-Semi linguistsas "Middle") *aba. Tense system is similar to those found in it's descendants:
* Recent Past: *aɡətʰ
* Distant Past: *muɡus
* Hesterial Past (Yesterday): *sibi
* Nonpast: *pʰe
* Hodiernal (Today): *kicʰi
* Crastinal Future (Tomorrow): *kibi

Negation is formed by adding ɟu and is mostly used for adjectives and verbs. In Naktap it's used in verbs to form inverted meaning, like "to tie" to "to untie" and particle being used before the word else. In Semi for inverted meanings descendant of *ɟuden is reconstruced, probably related to *bemibden "front, face"
Other suffixes can also be reconstructed:

Nominalization: *sic

Person related to a word (not always an Agentive): *nak, shortening of *naktap "person"