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	<id>https://linguifex.com/w/index.php?action=history&amp;feed=atom&amp;title=Proto-Ravenish_%28Old%29</id>
	<title>Proto-Ravenish (Old) - Revision history</title>
	<link rel="self" type="application/atom+xml" href="https://linguifex.com/w/index.php?action=history&amp;feed=atom&amp;title=Proto-Ravenish_%28Old%29"/>
	<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://linguifex.com/w/index.php?title=Proto-Ravenish_(Old)&amp;action=history"/>
	<updated>2026-04-23T12:41:48Z</updated>
	<subtitle>Revision history for this page on the wiki</subtitle>
	<generator>MediaWiki 1.43.6</generator>
	<entry>
		<id>https://linguifex.com/w/index.php?title=Proto-Ravenish_(Old)&amp;diff=496760&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Melinoë at 16:08, 21 April 2026</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://linguifex.com/w/index.php?title=Proto-Ravenish_(Old)&amp;diff=496760&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2026-04-21T16:08:38Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;table style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122;&quot; data-mw=&quot;interface&quot;&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-content&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-content&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;tr class=&quot;diff-title&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot;&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Older revision&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Revision as of 16:08, 21 April 2026&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l1&quot;&gt;Line 1:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 1:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;{{speedy}}&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;{{privatelang}}&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;{{privatelang}}&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;{{Infobox language&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;{{Infobox language&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Melinoë</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://linguifex.com/w/index.php?title=Proto-Ravenish_(Old)&amp;diff=399913&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Melinoë at 00:52, 12 December 2024</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://linguifex.com/w/index.php?title=Proto-Ravenish_(Old)&amp;diff=399913&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2024-12-12T00:52:30Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;table style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122;&quot; data-mw=&quot;interface&quot;&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-content&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-content&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;tr class=&quot;diff-title&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot;&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Older revision&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Revision as of 00:52, 12 December 2024&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l17&quot;&gt;Line 17:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 17:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|notice=IPA&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|notice=IPA&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;}}&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;}}&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;&#039;&#039;&#039;OUTDATED&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-added&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Old &lt;/del&gt;Ravenish&#039;&#039;&#039; ([[w:endonym|autoglossonym]]: &#039;&#039;þiudiskōn&#039;&#039;; &amp;lt;small&amp;gt;Ravenish:&amp;amp;nbsp;&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot; title=&quot;Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)&quot; style=&quot;font-family:Gentium,&#039;DejaVu Sans&#039;,&#039;Segoe UI&#039;,sans-serif&quot;&amp;gt;[[IPA for Ravenish|[θiu̯.ðiʃ.koːn&amp;amp;#93;]]&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;: [[Modern Ravenish]]: furaiþiudiskon) is a [[w:Germanic language|Germanic language]].&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Proto-&lt;/ins&gt;Ravenish&#039;&#039;&#039; ([[w:endonym|autoglossonym]]: &#039;&#039;þiudiskōn&#039;&#039;; &amp;lt;small&amp;gt;Ravenish:&amp;amp;nbsp;&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot; title=&quot;Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)&quot; style=&quot;font-family:Gentium,&#039;DejaVu Sans&#039;,&#039;Segoe UI&#039;,sans-serif&quot;&amp;gt;[[IPA for Ravenish|[θiu̯.ðiʃ.koːn&amp;amp;#93;]]&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;: [[Modern Ravenish]]: furaiþiudiskon) is a [[w:Germanic language|Germanic language]].&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;==Introduction==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;==Introduction==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Melinoë</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://linguifex.com/w/index.php?title=Proto-Ravenish_(Old)&amp;diff=399912&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Melinoë: Created page with &quot;{{privatelang}} {{Infobox language |image= Ravenish flag.png |imagesize= 250px |name= Old Ravenish  |nativename=&#039;&#039;𐌸𐌹𐌿𐌳𐌹𐍃𐌺𐍉𐌽&#039;&#039; |pronunciation= θiu̯.ðiʃ.koːn |pronunciation_key = Guide:IPA |creator=wfozøra |region= |fam1=Indo-European |fam2=Germanic |script1= Latn |stand1=Traditional |stand2=Modernized |- |notice=IPA }} &lt;big&gt;&lt;big&gt;&lt;big&gt;&lt;big&gt;&#039;&#039;&#039;OUTDATED&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;/big&gt;&lt;/big&gt;&lt;/big&gt;&lt;/big&gt;  &#039;&#039;&#039;Old Ravenish&#039;&#039;&#039; (w:endonym|autoglosson...&quot;</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://linguifex.com/w/index.php?title=Proto-Ravenish_(Old)&amp;diff=399912&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2024-12-12T00:51:50Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Created page with &amp;quot;{{privatelang}} {{Infobox language |image= Ravenish flag.png |imagesize= 250px |name= Old Ravenish  |nativename=&amp;#039;&amp;#039;𐌸𐌹𐌿𐌳𐌹𐍃𐌺𐍉𐌽&amp;#039;&amp;#039; |pronunciation= θiu̯.ðiʃ.koːn |pronunciation_key = Guide:IPA |creator=&lt;a href=&quot;/wiki/User:Wfeozawra&quot; class=&quot;mw-redirect&quot; title=&quot;User:Wfeozawra&quot;&gt;wfozøra&lt;/a&gt; |region= |fam1=Indo-European |fam2=Germanic |script1= Latn |stand1=Traditional |stand2=Modernized |- |notice=IPA }} &amp;lt;big&amp;gt;&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;OUTDATED&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;  &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Old Ravenish&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; (w:endonym|autoglosson...&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;New page&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div&gt;{{privatelang}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{Infobox language&lt;br /&gt;
|image= Ravenish flag.png&lt;br /&gt;
|imagesize= 250px&lt;br /&gt;
|name= Old Ravenish &lt;br /&gt;
|nativename=&amp;#039;&amp;#039;𐌸𐌹𐌿𐌳𐌹𐍃𐌺𐍉𐌽&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|pronunciation= θiu̯.ðiʃ.koːn&lt;br /&gt;
|pronunciation_key = Guide:IPA&lt;br /&gt;
|creator=[[User:Wfeozawra|wfozøra]]&lt;br /&gt;
|region=&lt;br /&gt;
|fam1=Indo-European&lt;br /&gt;
|fam2=Germanic&lt;br /&gt;
|script1= Latn&lt;br /&gt;
|stand1=Traditional&lt;br /&gt;
|stand2=Modernized&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|notice=IPA&lt;br /&gt;
}}&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;OUTDATED&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Old Ravenish&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; ([[w:endonym|autoglossonym]]: &amp;#039;&amp;#039;þiudiskōn&amp;#039;&amp;#039;; &amp;lt;small&amp;gt;Ravenish:&amp;amp;nbsp;&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;nowrap&amp;quot; title=&amp;quot;Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;font-family:Gentium,&amp;#039;DejaVu Sans&amp;#039;,&amp;#039;Segoe UI&amp;#039;,sans-serif&amp;quot;&amp;gt;[[IPA for Ravenish|[θiu̯.ðiʃ.koːn&amp;amp;#93;]]&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;: [[Modern Ravenish]]: furaiþiudiskon) is a [[w:Germanic language|Germanic language]].&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Introduction==&lt;br /&gt;
Goals&lt;br /&gt;
* Fun&lt;br /&gt;
* Learn more Germanic&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Inspiration&lt;br /&gt;
* Proto-Germanic&lt;br /&gt;
* My love for old Germanic languages&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Etymology==&lt;br /&gt;
The language name derives from the same source as German [[wikt:Deutsch|Deutsch]], [[wikt:Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/þiudiskaz|þiudiskaz]]. The English name is in reference to a cultural aspect of the people, their unusually large reverence for Ravens, they place an oddly high importance on Ravens even for a Germanic tribe.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Phonology==&lt;br /&gt;
===Orthography===&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;text-align: center;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
|+ Orthography&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=2 | IPA&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; | Gothic&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=2 colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | romaniz.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | Classic.&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | Modern&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! /ɑ, ɑː, ɑːː/&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;border-right: 0;&amp;quot; | 𐌰 || style=&amp;quot;border-left: 0;&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;border-right: 0;&amp;quot; | 𐌰, 𐌰̄, 𐌰̱ || style=&amp;quot;border-left: 0;&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;border-right: 0;&amp;quot; | a, ā, â || style=&amp;quot;border-left: 0;&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! /v/&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=3 style=&amp;quot;border-right: 0;&amp;quot; | 𐌱 || style=&amp;quot;border-left: 0;&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;border-right: 0;&amp;quot; | b || style=&amp;quot;border-left: 0;&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! /ʁ/&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=3 style=&amp;quot;border-right: 0;&amp;quot; | 𐌲 || style=&amp;quot;border-left: 0;&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;border-right: 0;&amp;quot; | g || style=&amp;quot;border-left: 0;&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! /ð/&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=3 style=&amp;quot;border-right: 0;&amp;quot; | 𐌳 || style=&amp;quot;border-left: 0;&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;border-right: 0;&amp;quot; | d || style=&amp;quot;border-left: 0;&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! /e, eː, eːː/&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;border-right: 0;&amp;quot; | 𐌴 || style=&amp;quot;border-left: 0;&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;border-right: 0;&amp;quot; | 𐌴, 𐌴̄, 𐌴̱ || style=&amp;quot;border-left: 0;&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;border-right: 0;&amp;quot; | e, ē, ê || style=&amp;quot;border-left: 0;&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! /kʷ/&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=3 style=&amp;quot;border-right: 0;&amp;quot; | 𐌵 || style=&amp;quot;border-left: 0;&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;border-right: 0;&amp;quot; | q || style=&amp;quot;border-left: 0;&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! /z, ʒ/&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=3 style=&amp;quot;border-right: 0;&amp;quot; | 𐌶 || style=&amp;quot;border-left: 0;&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;border-right: 0;&amp;quot; | z || style=&amp;quot;border-left: 0;&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! /χ/&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=3 style=&amp;quot;border-right: 0;&amp;quot; | 𐌷 || style=&amp;quot;border-left: 0;&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;border-right: 0;&amp;quot; | h || style=&amp;quot;border-left: 0;&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! /θ/&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=3 style=&amp;quot;border-right: 0;&amp;quot; | 𐌸 || style=&amp;quot;border-left: 0;&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;border-right: 0;&amp;quot; | þ || style=&amp;quot;border-left: 0;&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! /i, iː/&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;border-right: 0;&amp;quot; | 𐌹 || style=&amp;quot;border-left: 0;&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;border-right: 0;&amp;quot; | 𐌹, 𐌹̄ || style=&amp;quot;border-left: 0;&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;border-right: 0;&amp;quot; | i, ī || style=&amp;quot;border-left: 0;&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! /k/&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=3 style=&amp;quot;border-right: 0;&amp;quot; | 𐌺 || style=&amp;quot;border-left: 0;&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;border-right: 0;&amp;quot; | k || style=&amp;quot;border-left: 0;&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! /l/&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=3 style=&amp;quot;border-right: 0;&amp;quot; | 𐌻 || style=&amp;quot;border-left: 0;&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;border-right: 0;&amp;quot; | l || style=&amp;quot;border-left: 0;&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! /l̥/&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=3 style=&amp;quot;border-right: 0;&amp;quot; | 𐌷𐌻 || style=&amp;quot;border-left: 0;&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;border-right: 0;&amp;quot; | hl || style=&amp;quot;border-left: 0;&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! /m/&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=3 style=&amp;quot;border-right: 0;&amp;quot; | 𐌼 || style=&amp;quot;border-left: 0;&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;border-right: 0;&amp;quot; | m || style=&amp;quot;border-left: 0;&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! /n/&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=3 style=&amp;quot;border-right: 0;&amp;quot; | 𐌽 || style=&amp;quot;border-left: 0;&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;border-right: 0;&amp;quot; | n || style=&amp;quot;border-left: 0;&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! /j/&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=3 style=&amp;quot;border-right: 0;&amp;quot; | 𐌾 || style=&amp;quot;border-left: 0;&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;border-right: 0;&amp;quot; | j || style=&amp;quot;border-left: 0;&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! /u/&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;border-right: 0;&amp;quot; | 𐌿 || style=&amp;quot;border-left: 0;&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;border-right: 0;&amp;quot; | 𐌿, 𐌿̄ || style=&amp;quot;border-left: 0;&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;border-right: 0;&amp;quot; | u, ū  || style=&amp;quot;border-left: 0;&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! /p/&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=3 style=&amp;quot;border-right: 0;&amp;quot; | 𐍀 || style=&amp;quot;border-left: 0;&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;border-right: 0;&amp;quot; | p || style=&amp;quot;border-left: 0;&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! /(æ), æː, æːː/&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;border-right: 0;&amp;quot; | 𐍁 || style=&amp;quot;border-left: 0;&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;border-right: 0;&amp;quot; | (𐍁) 𐍁̄ 𐍁̱ || style=&amp;quot;border-left: 0;&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;border-right: 0;&amp;quot; | (ä) æ, ǣ || style=&amp;quot;border-left: 0;&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! /r/&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=3 style=&amp;quot;border-right: 0;&amp;quot; | 𐍂 || style=&amp;quot;border-left: 0;&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;border-right: 0;&amp;quot; | r || style=&amp;quot;border-left: 0;&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! /r̥/&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=3 style=&amp;quot;border-right: 0;&amp;quot; | 𐌷𐍂 || style=&amp;quot;border-left: 0;&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;border-right: 0;&amp;quot; | hr || style=&amp;quot;border-left: 0;&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! /s/&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=3 style=&amp;quot;border-right: 0;&amp;quot; | 𐍃 || style=&amp;quot;border-left: 0;&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;border-right: 0;&amp;quot; | s || style=&amp;quot;border-left: 0;&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! /t/&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=3 style=&amp;quot;border-right: 0;&amp;quot; | 𐍄 || style=&amp;quot;border-left: 0;&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;border-right: 0;&amp;quot; | t || style=&amp;quot;border-left: 0;&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! /w/&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=3 style=&amp;quot;border-right: 0;&amp;quot; | 𐍅 || style=&amp;quot;border-left: 0;&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;border-right: 0;&amp;quot; | w || style=&amp;quot;border-left: 0;&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! /f/&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=3 style=&amp;quot;border-right: 0;&amp;quot; | 𐍆 || style=&amp;quot;border-left: 0;&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;border-right: 0;&amp;quot; | f || style=&amp;quot;border-left: 0;&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! /χʷ/&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=3 style=&amp;quot;border-right: 0;&amp;quot; | 𐍈 || style=&amp;quot;border-left: 0;&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;border-right: 0;&amp;quot; | ƕ/hw || style=&amp;quot;border-left: 0;&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! /(o), oː, oːː/&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;border-right: 0;&amp;quot; | 𐍉 || style=&amp;quot;border-left: 0;&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;border-right: 0;&amp;quot; | (𐍉), 𐍉̄, 𐍉̱ || style=&amp;quot;border-left: 0;&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;border-right: 0;&amp;quot; | (o), ō, ô || style=&amp;quot;border-left: 0;&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Consonants===&lt;br /&gt;
Consonants have remained relatively close to Proto-Germanic, except for the few stops that had fricative allophones, these shifted fully to fricatives, the opposite of all other Germanic langs, the Velar fricatives also shifted to Uvular.&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;text-align: center;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
|+ Consonant phonemes&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! &lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | [[w:Labial consonant|Labial]]&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | [[w:Dental consonant|Dental]]&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | [[w:Alveolar consonant|alveolar]]&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | [[w:post-Alveolar consonant|post-&amp;lt;br/&amp;gt;alveolar]]&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | [[w:Palatal consonant|palatal]]&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | [[w:Velar consonant|Velar]]/&amp;lt;/br&amp;gt;[[w:Uvular consonant|Uvular]]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! [[w:Nasal consonant|Nasal]]&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;border-right: 0;&amp;quot; | || style=&amp;quot;border-left: 0;&amp;quot; | [[w:Voiced bilabial nasal|m]]&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;border-right: 0;&amp;quot; | || style=&amp;quot;border-left: 0;&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;border-right: 0;&amp;quot; | || style=&amp;quot;border-left: 0;&amp;quot; | [[w:Voiced alveolar nasal|n]]&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;border-right: 0;&amp;quot; | || style=&amp;quot;border-left: 0;&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;border-right: 0;&amp;quot; | || style=&amp;quot;border-left: 0;&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;border-right: 0;&amp;quot; | || style=&amp;quot;border-left: 0;&amp;quot; | ([[w:Voiced velar nasal|ŋ]])¹, ŋʷ²&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! [[w:stop consonant|Stop]]&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;border-right: 0;&amp;quot; | [[w:Voiceless bilabial stop|p]] || style=&amp;quot;border-left: 0;&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;border-right: 0;&amp;quot; | || style=&amp;quot;border-left: 0;&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;border-right: 0;&amp;quot; | [[w:Voiceless alveolar stop|t]] || style=&amp;quot;border-left: 0;&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;border-right: 0;&amp;quot; | || style=&amp;quot;border-left: 0;&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;border-right: 0;&amp;quot; | || style=&amp;quot;border-left: 0;&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;border-right: 0;&amp;quot; | [[w:Voiceless velar stop|k]], kʷ || style=&amp;quot;border-left: 0;&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! [[w:fricative consonant|Fricative]]&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;border-right: 0;&amp;quot; | [[w:Voiceless labiodental fricative|f]] || style=&amp;quot;border-left: 0;&amp;quot; | [[w:Voiced labiodental fricative|v]]&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;border-right: 0;&amp;quot; | [[w:Voiceless dental fricative|θ]] || style=&amp;quot;border-left: 0;&amp;quot; | [[w:Voiced dental fricative|ð]]&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;border-right: 0;&amp;quot; | [[w:Voiceless alveolar sibilant|s]] || style=&amp;quot;border-left: 0;&amp;quot; | [[w:Voiced alveolar sibilant|z]]&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;border-right: 0;&amp;quot; | ([[w:Voiceless postalveolar fricative|ʃ]])³ || style=&amp;quot;border-left: 0;&amp;quot; | ([[w:Voiced postalveolar fricative|ʒ]])⁴&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;border-right: 0;&amp;quot; | || style=&amp;quot;border-left: 0;&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;border-right: 0;&amp;quot; | [[w:Voiceless uvular fricative|χ]], χʷ || style=&amp;quot;border-left: 0;&amp;quot; | [[w:Voiced uvular fricative|ʁ]], ʁʷ&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! [[w:Approximant consonant|Approximant]]&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;border-right: 0;&amp;quot; | || style=&amp;quot;border-left: 0;&amp;quot; | [[w:Voiced labiovelar approximant|w]]&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;border-right: 0;&amp;quot; | || style=&amp;quot;border-left: 0;&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;border-right: 0;&amp;quot; | [[w:Voiceless alveolar lateral approximant|l̥]] || style=&amp;quot;border-left: 0;&amp;quot; | [[w:Voiced alveolar lateral approximant|l]]&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;border-right: 0;&amp;quot; | || style=&amp;quot;border-left: 0;&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;border-right: 0;&amp;quot; | || style=&amp;quot;border-left: 0;&amp;quot; | [[w:Voiced palatal approximant|j]]&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;border-right: 0;&amp;quot; | || style=&amp;quot;border-left: 0;&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! [[w:Trill consonant|Trill]]&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;border-right: 0;&amp;quot; | || style=&amp;quot;border-left: 0;&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;border-right: 0;&amp;quot; | || style=&amp;quot;border-left: 0;&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;border-right: 0;&amp;quot; | [[w:Voiceless alveolar trill|r̥]] || style=&amp;quot;border-left: 0;&amp;quot; | [[w:Voiced alveolar trill|r]]&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;border-right: 0;&amp;quot; | || style=&amp;quot;border-left: 0;&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;border-right: 0;&amp;quot; | || style=&amp;quot;border-left: 0;&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;border-right: 0;&amp;quot; | || style=&amp;quot;border-left: 0;&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
# allophone of /n/ before /k/&lt;br /&gt;
# allophone of /n/ before /kʷ/&lt;br /&gt;
# allophone of /s/ before velars and at word ends&lt;br /&gt;
# allophone of /z/ before velars and at word ends&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
====Sound Changes from PG====		&lt;br /&gt;
ɛ&amp;gt;æ&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
g&amp;gt;ɣ&amp;gt;ʁ, x&amp;gt;χ&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
b&amp;gt;β&amp;gt;v, ɸ&amp;gt;f, d&amp;gt;ð&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Nasalization becomes /n/ after the vowel, PG &amp;#039;*þiudiskǭ&amp;#039; to Old Ravenish &amp;#039;þiudiskōn&amp;#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
ɔ&amp;gt;ɑ before a fricative,	ɔ&amp;gt;o	elsewhere&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
/s, z/ to /ʃ, ʒ/ before velars and at the end of words.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Vowels===&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;text-align: center;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
|+ Vowel phonemes&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! &lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;6&amp;quot; | [[w:Front vowel|Front]]&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;6&amp;quot; | [[w:Back vowel|Back]]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! &lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | [[w:short vowel|short]]&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | [[w:long vowel|long]]&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | [[w:long vowel|overlong]]&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | [[w:short vowel|short]]&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | [[w:long vowel|long]]&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | [[w:long vowel|overlong]]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! [[w:Close vowel|Close]]&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;border-right: 0;&amp;quot; | [[w:Close front unrounded vowel|i]] || style=&amp;quot;border-left: 0;&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;border-right: 0;&amp;quot; | [[w:Close front unrounded vowel|iː]] || style=&amp;quot;border-left: 0;&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;border-right: 0;&amp;quot; | || style=&amp;quot;border-left: 0;&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;border-right: 0;&amp;quot; | [[w:Close back rounded vowel|u]] || style=&amp;quot;border-left: 0;&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;border-right: 0;&amp;quot; | [[w:Close back rounded vowel|uː]] || style=&amp;quot;border-left: 0;&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;border-right: 0;&amp;quot; | || style=&amp;quot;border-left: 0;&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! [[w:mid vowel|mid]]&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;border-right: 0;&amp;quot; | [[w:Close-mid front unrounded vowel|e]] || style=&amp;quot;border-left: 0;&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;border-right: 0;&amp;quot; | [[w:Close-mid front unrounded vowel|eː]] || style=&amp;quot;border-left: 0;&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;border-right: 0;&amp;quot; | [[w:Close-mid front unrounded vowel|eːː]] || style=&amp;quot;border-left: 0;&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;border-right: 0;&amp;quot; | ([[w:Close-mid back rounded vowel|oː]]) || style=&amp;quot;border-left: 0;&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;border-right: 0;&amp;quot; | [[w:Close-mid back rounded vowel|oː]] || style=&amp;quot;border-left: 0;&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;border-right: 0;&amp;quot; | [[w:Close-mid back rounded vowel|oːː]] || style=&amp;quot;border-left: 0;&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! [[w:Open vowel|Open]]&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;border-right: 0;&amp;quot; | ([[w:Open front unrounded vowel|æː]]) || style=&amp;quot;border-left: 0;&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;border-right: 0;&amp;quot; | [[w:Open front unrounded vowel|æː]] || style=&amp;quot;border-left: 0;&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;border-right: 0;&amp;quot; | [[w:Open front unrounded vowel|æːː]] || style=&amp;quot;border-left: 0;&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;border-right: 0;&amp;quot; | [[w:Open back unrounded vowel|ɑ]] || style=&amp;quot;border-left: 0;&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;border-right: 0;&amp;quot; | [[w:Open back unrounded vowel|ɑː]] || style=&amp;quot;border-left: 0;&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;border-right: 0;&amp;quot; | [[w:Open back unrounded vowel|ɑːː]] || style=&amp;quot;border-left: 0;&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Phonemes in parentheses are loan word only.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;text-align: center;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
|+ Diphthongs&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! &lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | [[w:Front vowel|Front]]&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | [[w:Back vowel|Back]]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Closing&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;border-right: 0;&amp;quot; | ai̯ || style=&amp;quot;border-left: 0;&amp;quot; | ai̯ː&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;border-right: 0;&amp;quot; | ou̯ || style=&amp;quot;border-left: 0;&amp;quot; | ou̯ː&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Prosody===&lt;br /&gt;
====Stress====&lt;br /&gt;
Stress, like in PG, still lies solely on the first syllable unless prefixed, where stress moves with the root word.&lt;br /&gt;
====Intonation====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Phonotactics===&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!-- Explain the consonant clusters and vowel clusters that are permissible for use in the language. For example, &amp;quot;st&amp;quot; is an allowed consonant cluster in English while onset &amp;quot;ng&amp;quot; isn&amp;#039;t. --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
===Morphophonology===&lt;br /&gt;
==Morphology==&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!-- How do the words in your language look? How do you derive words from others? Do you have cases? Are verbs inflected? Do nouns differ from adjectives? Do adjectives differ from verbs? Etc. --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!-- Here are some example subcategories:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Nouns&lt;br /&gt;
Adjectives&lt;br /&gt;
Verbs&lt;br /&gt;
Adverbs&lt;br /&gt;
Particles&lt;br /&gt;
Derivational morphology&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
===Pronouns===&lt;br /&gt;
Needs lots of updating.&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;text-align: center;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
|+ 𐌸𐌹𐌿𐌳𐌹𐍃𐌺𐍉̄𐌽 personal pronouns&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=3 | !! Nominative !! Accusative !! Genitive !! Dative&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=3 | [[wikt:Appendix:Glossary#first person|first&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;person]] !! colspan=2 | singular&lt;br /&gt;
| {{term|𐌹𐌺}} || {{term|𐌼𐌹𐌺}} || {{term|𐌼𐌹̄𐌽𐌰𐌶}} || {{term|𐌼𐌹𐌶}}&lt;br /&gt;
|- valign=&amp;quot;top&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=2 valign=&amp;quot;middle&amp;quot; | dual&lt;br /&gt;
| {{term|𐍅𐌹𐍄}} || {{term|𐌿𐌽𐌺}} || {{term|𐌿𐌽𐌺𐌴𐍂𐌰𐌶}} || {{term|𐌿𐌽𐌺𐌹𐌶}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=2 valign=&amp;quot;middle&amp;quot; | plural&lt;br /&gt;
| {{term|𐍅𐌹𐌶}} || {{term|𐌿𐌽𐍃}} || {{term|𐌿𐌽𐍃𐌴𐍂𐌰𐌶}} || {{term|𐌿𐌽𐍃𐌹𐌶}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=3 | [[wikt:Appendix:Glossary#second person|second&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;person]] !! colspan=2 | singular&lt;br /&gt;
| {{term|}} || {{term|}} || {{term|}} || {{term|}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=2 | dual&lt;br /&gt;
| {{term|}} || {{term|}} || {{term|}} || {{term|}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=2 | plural&lt;br /&gt;
| {{term|}} || {{term|}} || {{term|}} || {{term|}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=6 | [[wikt:Appendix:Glossary#third person|third&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;person]] !! rowspan=3 | singular !! masculine&lt;br /&gt;
| {{term|}} || {{term|}} || {{term|}} || {{term|}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! feminine&lt;br /&gt;
| {{term|}} || {{term|}} || {{term|}} || {{term|}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! neuter&lt;br /&gt;
| {{term|}} || {{term|}} || {{term|}} || {{term|}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=3 | plural !! masculine&lt;br /&gt;
| {{term|}} || {{term|}} || {{term|}} || {{term|}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! feminine&lt;br /&gt;
| {{term|}} || {{term|}} || {{term|}} || {{term|}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! neuter&lt;br /&gt;
| {{term|}} || {{term|}} || {{term|}} || {{term|}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=1 colspan=3 | reflexive&lt;br /&gt;
| {{term|}} || {{term|}} || {{term|}} || {{term|}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Syntax==&lt;br /&gt;
===Constituent order===&lt;br /&gt;
The word order is mostly free, the base order is SOV, but this is subject to change when importance needs to be stressed on one word.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Noun phrase===&lt;br /&gt;
===Verb phrase===&lt;br /&gt;
===Sentence phrase===&lt;br /&gt;
===Dependent clauses===&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!-- etc. etc. --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Example texts==&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!-- An example of a translated or unique text written in your language. Again, it is recommended that you make sure that the phonology, constraints, phonotactics and grammar are more or less finished before writing. --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
===Beowulf Sentence 1===&lt;br /&gt;
====Gothic====&lt;br /&gt;
𐍈𐌰𐍄! 𐍅𐌹𐌶 𐌲𐌰𐌹𐌶𐌰𐌳𐌰𐌽𐌾𐍉𐌽 𐌹𐌽 𐌾𐌴𐍂𐍉𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌲𐌰𐌼𐌰𐌶 𐌸𐌴𐌿𐌳𐍉𐌺𐌿𐌽𐌹𐌽𐌲𐍉𐌽 𐌸𐍂𐌿𐌼𐌾𐌰𐌽 𐌲𐌰𐍆𐍂𐌴𐌲𐌿𐌽, 𐍈𐍉 𐌸𐍉 𐌰𐌸𐌿𐌻𐌹𐌽𐌲𐌰𐌶 𐌰𐌻𐌾𐌰𐌽𐍉 𐍆𐍂𐌰𐌼𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌿𐌽.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=====Classical=====&lt;br /&gt;
=====Modern=====&lt;br /&gt;
𐍈𐌰𐍄! 𐍅𐌹𐌶 𐌲𐌰𐌹𐌶𐌰𐌳𐌰𐌽𐌾𐍉̱𐌽 𐌹𐌽 𐌾𐌴̄𐍂𐍉̱𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌲𐌰𐌼𐌰𐌶 𐌸𐌴𐌿𐌳𐍉̄𐌺𐌿𐌽𐌹𐌽𐌲𐍉̱𐌽 𐌸𐍂𐌿𐌼𐌾𐌰𐌽 𐌲𐌰𐍆𐍂𐌴̄𐌲𐌿𐌽, 𐍈𐍉̄ 𐌸𐍉̄ 𐌰𐌸𐌿𐌻𐌹𐌽𐌲𐌰̄𐌶 𐌰𐌻𐌾𐌰𐌽𐍉̄ 𐍆𐍂𐌰𐌼𐌹𐌳𐌴̄𐌳𐌿𐌽.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
====Romanization====&lt;br /&gt;
(ƕat! wiz gaizadanjôn in jērôndagamaz þeudōkuningôn þrumjan gafrēgun, ƕō þō aþulingāz aljanō framidēdun.)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
====IPA====&lt;br /&gt;
/χʷɑt wiʒ ʁɑi̯.zɑ.ðɑn.joːːn in jeː.roːːn.ðɑ.ʁɑ.mɑʒ θeu̯.ðoː.ku.nin.ʁoːːn θrum.jɑn ʁɑ.freː.ʁun χʷoː θoː ɑ.θu.lin.ʁɑːʒ ɑl.jɑ.noː frɑ.mi.ðeː.ðun/&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Universal Germanic Dialogue===&lt;br /&gt;
====Gothic====&lt;br /&gt;
=====Classical=====&lt;br /&gt;
𐌺𐌰𐌻𐌳𐍉 𐍅𐌹𐌽𐍄𐍂𐌿𐌶 𐌹𐍃𐍄𐌹 𐌽𐍁𐍈, 𐍃𐌺𐌿𐍂𐍉 𐍃𐌺𐌰𐌻 𐌵𐌴𐌼𐌰𐌹. 𐌵𐌴𐌼 𐌹𐌽 𐌼𐌹𐌽𐌰𐌶 𐍅𐌰𐍂𐌼𐍉 𐌷𐌰𐌹𐌼𐌰𐌶, 𐌼𐌹𐌽𐌰𐌶 𐍆𐍂𐌹𐌾𐍉𐌽𐌳𐌶. 𐍅𐌹𐌻𐌾𐌰𐌵𐌴𐌼𐍉. 𐌵𐌴𐌼 𐌷𐌴𐍂, 𐍃𐌹𐌽𐌲𐍅 𐌾𐌰𐍈 𐌻𐌰𐌹𐌺, 𐌴𐍄 𐌾𐌰𐍈 𐌳𐍂𐌹𐌽𐌺. 𐍃𐌰 𐌹𐍃𐍄𐌹 𐌼𐌹𐌽𐌰𐌶 𐍃𐌹𐌾𐍉𐌽. 𐍅𐌹𐌶 𐌷𐌰𐌱𐌾𐌰𐌼𐌰𐌶 𐍅𐌰𐍄𐍉𐍂, 𐌱𐌴𐌿𐌶𐌰𐌽, 𐌾𐌰𐍈 𐌼𐌴𐌻𐌿𐌺𐍃 𐍆𐍂𐌹𐍃𐌺𐍉𐌽 𐍆𐍂𐌰𐌼 𐌺𐌿. 𐍉, 𐌾𐌰𐍈 𐍅𐌰𐍂𐌼𐌰𐌶 𐍃𐌿𐍀𐍉.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=====Modern=====&lt;br /&gt;
𐌺𐌰𐌻𐌳𐍉̱ 𐍅𐌹𐌽𐍄𐍂𐌿𐌶 𐌹𐍃𐍄𐌹 𐌽𐍁̄𐍈, 𐍃𐌺𐌿̄𐍂𐍉̄ 𐍃𐌺𐌰𐌻 𐌵𐌴𐌼𐌰𐌹. 𐌵𐌴𐌼 𐌹𐌽 𐌼𐌹̄𐌽𐌰𐌶 𐍅𐌰𐍂𐌼𐍉̱ 𐌷𐌰𐌹𐌼𐌰𐌶, 𐌼𐌹̄𐌽𐌰𐌶 𐍆𐍂𐌹𐌾𐍉̄𐌽𐌳𐌶. 𐍅𐌹𐌻𐌾𐌰𐌵𐌴𐌼𐍉̱. 𐌵𐌴𐌼 𐌷𐌴̄𐍂, 𐍃𐌹𐌽𐌲𐍅 𐌾𐌰𐍈 𐌻𐌰𐌹𐌺, 𐌴𐍄 𐌾𐌰𐍈 𐌳𐍂𐌹𐌽𐌺. 𐍃𐌰 𐌹𐍃𐍄𐌹 𐌼𐌹̄𐌽𐌰𐌶 𐍃𐌹𐌾𐍉̄𐌽. 𐍅𐌹𐌶 𐌷𐌰𐌱𐌾𐌰𐌼𐌰𐌶 𐍅𐌰𐍄𐍉̄𐍂, 𐌱𐌴𐌿𐌶𐌰𐌽, 𐌾𐌰𐍈 𐌼𐌴𐌻𐌿𐌺𐍃 𐍆𐍂𐌹𐍃𐌺𐍉̄𐌽 𐍆𐍂𐌰𐌼 𐌺𐌿̄. 𐍉, 𐌾𐌰𐍈 𐍅𐌰𐍂𐌼𐌰𐌶 𐍃𐌿𐍀𐍉̱.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
====Romanization====&lt;br /&gt;
kaldô wintruz isti næƕ, skūrō skal qemai. qem in mīnaz warmô haimaz, mīnaz frijōndz. wiljaqemô. qem hēr, singw jaƕ laik, et jaƕ drink. sa isti mīnaz sijōn. wiz habjamaz watōr, beuzan, jaƕ meluks friskōn fram kū. o, jaƕ warmaz supô.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
====IPA====&lt;br /&gt;
/kɑl.ðoːː win.truʒ is.ti næːχʷ ʃkuː.roː ʃkɑl kʷe.mɑi̯ | kʷem in miː.nɑʒ wɑr.moːː χɑi̯.mɑʒ miː.nɑʒ fri.joːnd͡ʒ | wil.jɑ.kʷe.moːː | kʷem χeːr sinʁʷ jɑχʷ lɑi̯k et jɑχʷ ðriŋk | sɑ is.ti miː.nɑʒ si.joːn | wiʒ χɑv.jɑ.mɑʒ wɑ.toːr veu̯.zɑn jɑχʷ me.luks friʃ.koːn frɑm kuː | o jɑχʷ wɑr.mɑʒ su.poːː/&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Other resources==&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!-- Example: Word order, qualifiers, determinatives, branching, etc. --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!-- Template area --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Old Ravenish]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Languages]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Conlangs]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Melinoë</name></author>
	</entry>
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