Lili21: Created page with "==Text== emile dītare{{IPA|[ʔemile di:tɐre]}}. As a general rule, Standard Dundulanyä has a weak, predictable pitch accent peaking on either the last long vowel or diphthong or the third-to-last syllable, whichever is closer to the end of the word. inyo nähibe.
ikridha ṣārah ba kekīke{{IPA|[keki:ke]}} inīyūvai luṣṭī, odṛśvī kekīkē nīmyūnī.
kekīke ba myatrat ikridhurait tho nīnī.
vośchārah turevelkatLemm..."

2025-08-28T19:45:09Z

Created page with "==Text== emile dītare<ref>{{IPA|[ʔemile di:tɐre]}}. As a general rule, Standard Dundulanyä has a weak, predictable pitch accent peaking on either the last long vowel or diphthong or the third-to-last syllable, whichever is closer to the end of the word.</ref> inyo nähibe. ikridha ṣārah ba kekīke<ref>{{IPA|[keki:ke]}}</ref> inīyūvai luṣṭī, odṛśvī kekīkē nīmyūnī. kekīke ba myatrat ikridhurait tho nīnī. vośchārah turevelkat<ref>Lemm..."

New page

==Text==
emile dītare<ref>{{IPA|[ʔemile di:tɐre]}}. As a general rule, Standard Dundulanyä has a weak, predictable pitch accent peaking on either the last long vowel or diphthong or the third-to-last syllable, whichever is closer to the end of the word.</ref> inyo nähibe. 
ikridha ṣārah ba kekīke<ref>{{IPA|[keki:ke]}}</ref> inīyūvai luṣṭī, odṛśvī kekīkē nīmyūnī. 
kekīke ba myatrat ikridhurait tho nīnī. 
vośchārah turevelkat<ref>Lemma: {{IPA|[tureʋelke]}}</ref> kridhonūnī vīṣṇunīṅ. 
kekīke niṃtūndi nīyūnī nīndāmitat luṣṭūnīṅ. 
śuyive<ref>{{IPA|[ɕujiʋe]}}</ref> ba kekīkat ikridhonūvai luṣṭī viṣṇunīṅ. 
kekīkat vairiggevu va trī roṅgevu. 
uluṣṭa līdda idu śodda, taśivi rärgāhai va. 
aidelāhai tabdṛhoṭu raṅgrī vairikevu; rīḍhai ga śaniḫnayandayonta. 
naṃśāleṣu naṃśāleṣu selakat lilai thip̃ali śaniḫlārvak śaṃḫat nadūliṅ. 
lallāmitā anutū vosthaih lilai vairikiṣya.

==Glosses==
{{Gloss
| phrase = emile dītare inyo nähibe.
| morphemes = emil-e dītar-e inyo nähib-e.
| gloss = Emile.DIR.SG. Dītare.DIR.SG. BENEF. tale-DIR.SG.
}}
{{Gloss
| phrase = ikridha ṣārah ba kekīke inīyūvai luṣṭī, odṛśvī kekīkē nīmyūnī.
| morphemes = ikridh-∅-∅-a ṣārar-∅ ba kekīk-e inī-∅-ū-ai luṣṭ-∅-∅-ī, odṛśv-∅-∅-ī kekīk-ē nīmyū-∅-∅-(n)ī
| gloss = die.PERF-EXP-PAT-3.IND. leader-DIR.SG. TOPIC. Kekīke-DIR.SG. say.PERF-EXP-AG-3.SUBJ. force-EXP-PAT-PAST.3SG.IND. be_unable-EXP-PAT-PAST.3SG.IND. Kekīke-ERG.SG. admit.EXP-PAT-PAST.3SG.IND.
}}
{{Gloss
| phrase = kekīke ba myatrat ikridhurait tho nīnī.
| morphemes = kekīk-e ba myatra=t ikridhur-ai=t tho nī-∅-∅-(n)ī
| gloss = Kekīke-DIR.SG. TOPIC. darkness.DIR.SG=and. dead_person-DIR.PL=and. about. talk.EXP-PAT-PAST.3SG.IND.
}}
{{Gloss
| phrase = vośchārah turevelkat kridhonūnī vīṣṇunīṅ.
| morphemes = vosth-ṣārar-∅ turevelk-at kridh-∅-on-ū-(n)ī vīṣṇun-∅-∅-ī=ṅ
| gloss = enemy-leader-DIR.SG. Turevelke-ACC.SG. die-EXP-CAUS-PAT-PAST.3SG.IND. flee-EXP-PAT-PAST.3SG.IND=and.
}}
{{Gloss
| phrase = kekīke niṃtūndi nīyūnī nīndāmitat luṣṭūnīṅ.
| morphemes = kekīk-e niṃtūn-di nī-∅-ū-(n)ī nīndāmita-t luṣṭ-∅-ū-(n)ī=ṅ
| gloss = Kekīke-DIR.SG. convince-ADV. say-EXP-AG-PAST.3SG.IND. guidance-ACC.SG. force-EXP-AG-PAST.3SG.IND=and.
}}
{{Gloss
| phrase = śuyive ba kekīkat ikridhonūvai luṣṭī viṣṇunīṅ.
| morphemes = śuyiv-e ba kekīk-at ikridh-∅-on-ū-ai luṣṭ-∅-∅-ī vīṣṇun-∅-∅-ī=ṅ
| gloss = Śuyive-DIR.SG. TOPIC. Kekīke-ACC.SG. die.-PERF-EXP-CAUS-AG-3.SUBJ. force-EXP-PAT-PAST.3SG.IND. flee-EXP-PAT-PAST.3SG.IND=and.
}}
{{Gloss
| phrase = kekīkat vairiggevu va trī roṅgevu.
| morphemes = kekīk-at vai-rik-∅-g-∅-evu=va trī roṅk-∅-g-∅-evu
| gloss = Kekīke-ACC.SG. with-feel_pain-EXP-IRREALIS-PAT-PRES.1PL.IND=NEG. else. be_weak-EXP-IRREALIS-PAT-PRES.1PL.IND.
}}
{{Gloss
| phrase = uluṣṭa līdda idu śodda, taśivi rärgāhai va.
| morphemes = uluṣṭ-∅-∅-a līdda idu śodda taśiv-i rär-∅-g-∅-āhai=va
| gloss = force.PERF-EXP-PAT-3.IND. lesson.DIR.SG. NEG. knowledge.DIR.SG. idea-DIR.PL. comfortable-EXP-IRREALIS-PAT-PRES.3PL.IND=NEG.
}}
{{Gloss
| phrase = aidelāhai tabdṛhoṭu raṅgrī vairikevu; rīḍhai ga śaniḫnayandayonta.
| morphemes = aidel-∅-∅-āhai tabdṛh-oṭu raṅgr-ī vai-rik-∅-∅-evu rīdh-ai ga śaniḫnayandayonta
| gloss = cry.INTENS-EXP-PAT-IMPERF.3PL. mistake-ESS.PL. reality-ESS.SG. with-feel_pain-EXP-PAT-PRES.1PL.IND. strategy-DIR.PL. COPULA. arrogance.DIR.SG.
}}
{{Gloss
| phrase = naṃśāleṣu naṃśāleṣu selakat lilai thip̃ali śaniḫlārvak śaṃḫat nadūliṅ.
| morphemes = naṃśāl-eṣu naṃśāl-eṣu selakat lil-ai thip̃-∅-∅-li śaniḫlārvak śaṃḫ-at nad-∅-ū-li=ṅ
| gloss = year-ABL.PL. year-ABL.PL. ago. person-DIR.PL. be_different-EXP-PAT-PAST.3PL.IND. sacrifice-DAT.SG. self-ACC.SG. guide-EXP-AG-PAST.3PL.IND=and.
}}
{{Gloss
| phrase = lallāmitā anutū vosthaih lilai vairikiṣya.
| morphemes = lallāmit-ā anut-ū vosth-aih lil-ai vai-rik-iṣy-∅-∅-a
| gloss = future-LOC.SG. space-ABL.SG. enemy-ACC.PL. person-DIR.PL. with-feel_pain-FUT-EXP-PAT-3.IND.
}}

==General notes==
# Dundulanyä is strongly head-final: verbs always come at the end of a sentence (except for a small number of final particles); non-sentence final verbs are usually juxtaposed attributive verbs.
# Evidentiality is mandatorily marked on all verbs, with a zero morpheme marking direct knowledge... which is conventionally used in telling stories.
# Dundulanyä has symmetrical voice (i.e. Austronesian-like alignment), however all roles which do not agree with the verb are explicitely marked either by cases (accusative, ergative, etc.) or postpositions.
# Impersonal sentences (e.g. English "One should", "one's", etc.) are generally translated as first person plural in Dundulanyä (e.g. "We should", "ours", etc.).
# Dundulanyä marks irrealis verbs with a specific morpheme. The negative marker ''va'' requires a verb to be irrealis.
# Hint: to really cry is to be honest.

==Footnotes==

Seventh Linguifex Relay/Dundulanyä - Revision history