User:Ceige/LandOnePopTongue - Revision history

Ceige at 20:29, 13 July 2015

2015-07-13T20:29:59Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 20:29, 13 July 2015
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	* #100: (t)jänta, dénti (E), dént (W)		* #100: (t)jänta, dénti (E), dént (W)
	{{col-end}}		{{col-end}}

			<!--
			Tola junis jånai loksa-jälu
			Tola jätas tjänai jatta-jölu
			Ma måna inä tjära stäi ni.

			Jånapäti tjäja-stå jösu
			Mélli pätis lätja-ko jösu
			Ma dalpa jäsai inä tjära ni.

			Tola fjunis nädåna loksa-mjölu
			Tola rjätas stjänai vjatta-mjölu
			Ma måna inä kjära städi ni.

			Njädåna stjäja-stå-jösu
			Mélli pätis kläkja-ko-jösu
			Ma dalpa jäsarai inä kjära ni.

			Jutu allajäva
			Frjutu allajäva
			---
			The fires of hell have alight burnt
			The rivers of stone have burnt to liquid
			But there isn't a man in this place.

			The king of hell is there standing rigid
			A demon of hte king is there eating and laughing
			But a drop of blood isn't here.

			Peace eternal?
			-->

Ceige: /* Word List */

2015-07-13T20:21:51Z

Word List

← Older revision		Revision as of 20:21, 13 July 2015
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	* (?) dark: mjörku > jörku		* (?) dark: mjörku > jörku
	* dog: tjuppi, juppi (E,W,S,A,Q), juɸɸi (Z)		* dog: tjuppi, juppi (E,W,S,A,Q), juɸɸi (Z)
	* fire: juni (E), jör (W) [< *eunri]		* fire: juni (E,S), jör (W), yn (W,S), yni (S) [< *eunri]
	* God: jupå (E,W,S), juupåå (A), juupoo (Q), juu (Z) [< *diuspa]		* God: jupå (E,W,S), juupåå (A), juupoo (Q), juu (Z) [< *diuspa]
			* hell, underworld: jåna (E), jån (W) [< njäðåna]
	* lord, master: päti (E), pät (W,S), pääti (A), peeti (Q), peeði (Z) [< *pati] (S uses päi colloquially)		* lord, master: päti (E), pät (W,S), pääti (A), peeti (Q), peeði (Z) [< *pati] (S uses päi colloquially)
	* mountain: montäja, montä (E,W,S) [< *muntanja<!--actually montānea-->]		* mountain: montäja, montä (E,W,S) [< *muntanja<!--actually montānea-->]
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	* see, know 2: vétta (E,S,A,Q), vétt (W), veþþa (Z)		* see, know 2: vétta (E,S,A,Q), vétt (W), veþþa (Z)
	* snow: jö (E,W,S), jöö (A), joo (Q,Z) [< *naigu]		* snow: jö (E,W,S), jöö (A), joo (Q,Z) [< *naigu]
			* stone: tjäna (E) [< stjäna]
			* river: jäta (E) [< reta]
	* triangle: tjåna (E,W,S), jååna (A), joona (Q,Z) [< tjä+åna]		* triangle: tjåna (E,W,S), jååna (A), joona (Q,Z) [< tjä+åna]
	* water 1: jö (E,W,S), jöö (A), joo (Q,Z) [from sea/snow]		* water 1: jö (E,W,S), jöö (A), joo (Q,Z) [from sea/snow]
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	===Verb Roots===		===Verb Roots===
	* √amm- (amma, ämmi, åmmu)		* √amm- (amma, ämmi, åmmu)
			* √bel- (jäla, bili, jölu) <!-- see mel-, but this comes from "shine" -->
			* √belg- (jälga, bilgi, jölgu)
	* √da- (då, dä, då)		* √da- (då, dä, då)
	* √dast- (dasta, dästi, dåstu)		* √dast- (dasta, dästi, dåstu)
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	* √pesk- (tjäska, piski, jösku)		* √pesk- (tjäska, piski, jösku)
	* √jö- (jo, jö, jö) [< neu]		* √jö- (jo, jö, jö) [< neu]
			* √jös- (josa, jösi, jösu) <!--h₁ews-, in ember and ustulo -->
	* √ku- (ko, tju, ku)		* √ku- (ko, tju, ku)
	* √läg- (jaga, jägi, jögu)		* √läg- (jaga, jägi, jögu)
	* √lig- (jäga, ligi, jugu)		* √lig- (jäga, ligi, jugu)
			* √luks- (loksa, juksa, luksu) <!-- from light -->
	* √mal- (måla, mäli, målu) <!--PIE smelə-, smell, associated with burning-->		* √mal- (måla, mäli, målu) <!--PIE smelə-, smell, associated with burning-->
	* √mel- (jäla, mili, jölu)		* √mel- (jäla, mili, jölu)
	* √rä- (jä/ja*, rä(i), jö) <!--h₃reyh₂-(wos)-->		* √rä- (jä/ja*, rä(i), jö) <!--h₃reyh₂-(wos)-->
			* √jäg- (jäga, jägi, jögu) <!-- regn- -->
	* √so(d)- (soa, sö, sou) <!--ex suavis, suadeo-->		* √so(d)- (soa, sö, sou) <!--ex suavis, suadeo-->
	* √sta-, √est- (stå, jästa; stä, isti; stå, jöstu)		* √sta-, √est- (stå, jästa; stä, isti; stå, jöstu)
	* √		* √stä(j)- (tjäja/tja, stäi, tjöju/tju) <!-- from stainaz etym -->
			* √tul- (tola, tjuli, tulu) <!-- from ustulo and -le in EN, frequentitive? -> "many" -->

	===Numerals===		===Numerals===
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	* #8: åttå, attå (E,W,A), otto (Q), oþþo (Z)		* #8: åttå, attå (E,W,A), otto (Q), oþþo (Z)
	* #9: jöa (E,W), jööa (A), jooa (Q,Z) [< njöa]		* #9: jöa (E,W), jööa (A), jooa (Q,Z) [< njöa]
			* #10: jäka (E), jäk (W)
			* #100: (t)jänta, dénti (E), dént (W)
	{{col-end}}		{{col-end}}

Ceige: /* Word List */

2015-07-13T19:28:17Z

Word List

← Older revision		Revision as of 19:28, 13 July 2015
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	* (?) dark: mjörku > jörku		* (?) dark: mjörku > jörku
	* dog: tjuppi, juppi (E,W,S,A,Q), juɸɸi (Z)		* dog: tjuppi, juppi (E,W,S,A,Q), juɸɸi (Z)
			* fire: juni (E), jör (W) [< *eunri]
	* God: jupå (E,W,S), juupåå (A), juupoo (Q), juu (Z) [< *diuspa]		* God: jupå (E,W,S), juupåå (A), juupoo (Q), juu (Z) [< *diuspa]
	* lord, master: päti (E), pät (W,S), pääti (A), peeti (Q), peeði (Z) [< *pati] (S uses päi colloquially)		* lord, master: päti (E), pät (W,S), pääti (A), peeti (Q), peeði (Z) [< *pati] (S uses päi colloquially)

Ceige: /* Verb Roots */

2015-07-13T19:23:59Z

Verb Roots

← Older revision		Revision as of 19:23, 13 July 2015
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	* √dast- (dasta, dästi, dåstu)		* √dast- (dasta, dästi, dåstu)
	* √es- (jäsa, isa, jösu)		* √es- (jäsa, isa, jösu)
			* √ger- (jära, gira, jöru) <!--see etym. germanus-->
			* √pak- (påka, päki, påku) <!--see DE Anfang-->
	* √pesk- (tjäska, piski, jösku)		* √pesk- (tjäska, piski, jösku)
	* √jö- (jo, jö, jö) [< neu]		* √jö- (jo, jö, jö) [< neu]
			* √ku- (ko, tju, ku)
			* √läg- (jaga, jägi, jögu)
			* √lig- (jäga, ligi, jugu)
			* √mal- (måla, mäli, målu) <!--PIE smelə-, smell, associated with burning-->
			* √mel- (jäla, mili, jölu)
			* √rä- (jä/ja*, rä(i), jö) <!--h₃reyh₂-(wos)-->
			* √so(d)- (soa, sö, sou) <!--ex suavis, suadeo-->
	* √sta-, √est- (stå, jästa; stä, isti; stå, jöstu)		* √sta-, √est- (stå, jästa; stä, isti; stå, jöstu)
	* √
	* √		* √

Ceige at 19:08, 13 July 2015

2015-07-13T19:08:47Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 19:08, 13 July 2015
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	In any case, speakers from all branches borrow from each other colloquially and in attempts to sound worldy and sophisticated, but the NE and NW branches are more likely to calque or "traditionalise" vocabulary from the South.		In any case, speakers from all branches borrow from each other colloquially and in attempts to sound worldy and sophisticated, but the NE and NW branches are more likely to calque or "traditionalise" vocabulary from the South.

			The fourth and already briefly mentioned grouping is the "Arctic" grouping. This is the most controversial grouping, as speakers are not entirely sure if it's a new dialect group (often considered to be descended from the North-East dialect) or an ancient one, or equal to both East and West groupings in age.
			* Arctic (???)
			: The Arctic dialects are seemingly related to the North-East dialects based on vowel breaking. The extend and range of this grouping is uncertain.

	==Sound Changes==		==Sound Changes==
	===Vowels===		===Vowels===
Line 19:		Line 24:
	* /[e~ɛ]+u/ yields /jø/		* /[e~ɛ]+u/ yields /jø/
	* /[e~i?]+a/ yields /jɛ/		* /[e~i?]+a/ yields /jɛ/
	** /ja/ > /jɛ/ despite technically being /ĭa/ in some analyses is ~~less regular~~ and ~~more dialectal~~		** /ja/ > /jɛ/ despite technically being /ĭa/ in some analyses is dialectal, and a very late shift in those dialects.
	* /o+i/ yields /œ/ ⟨ö⟩ (?) (does o even come up now?)		* /o+i/ yields /œ/ ⟨ö⟩ (?) (does o even come up now?)
	* /ɔ+i/ yields /jœ/		* /ɔ+i/ yields /jœ/
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	====Voicing====		====Voicing====
	* Before palatalisation, all fricatives undergo voicing. Afterwards, they either devoice again or collapse into a plosive, like with /ð/ > /d/.		* Before palatalisation, all fricatives undergo voicing. Afterwards, they either devoice again or collapse into a plosive, like with /ð/ > /d/.

			===Dialectal Variations===
			ARCTIC:
			* All three major dialects lengthen stressed open syllables, and merge ⟨tj⟩ and ⟨j⟩
			* Dialects #2 and #3 have a 5 vowel system with ä and e merging, and ö and o merging
			* Dialect #3 makes intervocalic plosives in open syllables voiced fricatives, and makes geminated plosives into geminated voiceless fricatives.

			WEST:
			* /iu/ > /y/, not /ju/

	==Word List==		==Word List==
			E = East, W = West, S = South, A = Arctic #1, Q = Arctic #2, Z = Arctic #3 (there's more than #2 and #3 they're pretty much combinations of the two (or not) with 3 vowel systems (or not0 - in particular, there's also a sort of 2.5 where plosives are either unvoiced or voiced fricatives, e.g. jorga > jokka or jooga)

			Southern dialect choices are generally only shown when there is a clear preference.

	{{col-begin}}		{{col-begin}}

	* alp: kytmontä		* alp: kytmontä (W, S) [white + mountain]
	* boss: pätyrga, yrgapät.		* boss: jorgapäti (E), pätyrgi (W), pätyrga, yrgapät (S), jorgapeeti (A,Q) [< jorga + päti]
	* brother: rå, ~~räja~~		* cat: kätti (E,S,A), kätt (W), ketti (Q), keþþi (Z) [< *katti]
	* cat: kätti		* (?) dark: mjörku > jörku
	* dark: mjörku > jörku		* dog: tjuppi, juppi (E,W,S,A,Q), juɸɸi (Z)
	* dog: tjuppi, juppi		* God: jupå (E,W,S), juupåå (A), juupoo (Q), juu (Z) [< *diuspa]
	* God: ~~djupå~~ > ~~jupå~~ (< *~~dieuspa~~)		* lord, master: päti (E), pät (W,S), pääti (A), peeti (Q), peeði (Z) [< *pati] (S uses päi colloquially)
			* mountain: montäja, montä (E,W,S) [< *muntanja<!--actually montānea-->]
			* sea: djö > jö (vétti~jatta) [< *deu-<!--actually saiwi-->]
			* see, know 1: jutti (E), ytti (W,S), jussi (A,Q,Z) [presumed to be < *widti, which also yielded vétta]
			* see, know 2: vétta (E,S,A,Q), vétt (W), veþþa (Z)
			* snow: jö (E,W,S), jöö (A), joo (Q,Z) [< *naigu]
			* triangle: tjåna (E,W,S), jååna (A), joona (Q,Z) [< tjä+åna]
			* water 1: jö (E,W,S), jöö (A), joo (Q,Z) [from sea/snow]
			* water 2: åkko (E), åkk (W), åppa (S), okko (Q), oqqo (Z) [< *akwa]
			* wet, liquid 1: vétti (E), vétt (W), viþþi (Z) [< vitti < *v_tt_]
			* wet, liquid 2: jatta (E,A,Q), jatt (W) [< vjatta < *v_tt_]
			* work: jorga (E), yrgi (W), yrga (S), jorga (A,Q), joova (Z) [< *jurg(a)-]

			===Colour===
			* black: jörku (E, A), jörk (W,S), jokku (Q), johhu (Z) [< *merku]
			* white 1: tjuti (E), kyt (W,S), juuti (A,Q), juuði (Z) [< *kiut-]
			* white 2: tjätta (E), tjätt (W), jätta (A), jetta (Q), jeþþa (Z) [< *pétt-]

			===Family===
			(In the Arctic dialects these get a bit more complicated)
	* father: på, päja (-jä too)		* father: på, päja (-jä too)
	* mother: må, mäja		* mother: må, mäja
			* brother: rå, räja
			* sister: sosto, söja

			===Verb Roots===
			* √amm- (amma, ämmi, åmmu)
			* √da- (då, dä, då)
			* √dast- (dasta, dästi, dåstu)
			* √es- (jäsa, isa, jösu)
			* √pesk- (tjäska, piski, jösku)
			* √jö- (jo, jö, jö) [< neu]
			* √sta-, √est- (stå, jästa; stä, isti; stå, jöstu)
			* √
			* √

	* mountain: montäja > montä		===Numerals===
	* ~~white~~: ~~kjuti~~, ~~kjut~~, ~~kyt~~, ~~pjätta > tjätta~~		* #1: jäti (E), jät (W,S), jääti (A), jeeti (Q), jeeði (Z)
			* #2: vå (E,W,S), våå (A), voo (Q,Z)
	* lord, ~~master: pät~~, ~~päti~~		* #3: tjä (E,W,S), jää (A), jee (Q,Z)
	* work: yrgi, jorga (~~neo: yrga~~)		* #4: <!--kotu/kot/ottur/-->vottu (E), vott (W), jöötu (A), jootu (Q), jooðu (Z)
			* #5: <!--pjönku > tjönku ~ (t)jömpu -> --> jöppi (E,A), jöpp (W), joppi (Q), joɸɸi (Z)
	* ~~sea~~: ~~djö > jö vétti~jatta)~~ (~~< *saiwi)~~		* #6: <!--soksa/joksi/-->jöksi (E,A), soks (W), joksi (Q), jossi (Q,Z)
	* see, ~~know: ytti~~, ~~jutti; yssi~~, jussi (~~< presumed to be from *widti, which also yielded vétta~~)		* #7: <!--sette/-->jäpta (E,A), jäpt (W), jetta (Q), jeþþa (Z)
	* sister: sosto, ~~söja~~		* #8: åttå, attå (E,W,A), otto (Q), oþþo (Z)
	* snow: njö > jö (~~kjuti) (< *snaigu~~)		* #9: jöa (E,W), jööa (A), jooa (Q,Z) [< njöa]
	* ~~triangle~~: ~~tjåna~~ (~~< tjä+åna~~)
	* water: jö (~~from snow/sea~~), ~~also åkko~~ (~~< *akwa~~)
	* #1: jät
	* #2: vå
	* #3: tjä
	* #4: <!--kotu/kot/ottur/-->vottu
	* #5: <!--pjönku > tjönku ~ -->(t)~~jömpu~~ (~~> ~ jöppi~~)
	* #6: <!--soksa/joksi/-->jöksi
	* #7: <!--sette/-->jäpta
	* #8: åttå, attå
	* #9: njöa ~~> jöa~~
	{{col-end}}		{{col-end}}

Ceige at 17:01, 13 July 2015

2015-07-13T17:01:33Z

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 ==Sound Changes==
 ===Vowels===
@@ Line 9: / Line 19: @@
 * /[e~ɛ]+u/ yields /jø/
 * /[e~i?]+a/ yields /jɛ/
 * /o+i/ yields /œ/ ⟨ö⟩ (?) (does o even come up now?)
 * /ɔ+i/ yields /jœ/
 * /u+i/ yields /ü/ (?) ⟨y⟩? (or ju?)
 * /u+a/ yields /o/ (< /wɔ/)
 ===Consonants===
@@ Line 24: / Line 38: @@
 ====Voicing====
 * Before palatalisation, all fricatives undergo voicing. Afterwards, they either devoice again or collapse into a plosive, like with /ð/ > /d/.

Ceige: Created page with "==Sound Changes== ===Vowels=== ====Initial Vowel Shifts==== * /a/ and /o/ merge into /a/ ====Vowel Mutations==== * /[a~ɔ]+i/ yields /ɛ/ ⟨ä⟩ * /a+u/ yields /ɔ/ ⟨å⟩..."

2015-07-13T13:46:26Z

Created page with "==Sound Changes== ===Vowels=== ====Initial Vowel Shifts==== * /a/ and /o/ merge into /a/ ====Vowel Mutations==== * /[a~ɔ]+i/ yields /ɛ/ ⟨ä⟩ * /a+u/ yields /ɔ/ ⟨å⟩..."

New page

==Sound Changes==
===Vowels===
====Initial Vowel Shifts====
* /a/ and /o/ merge into /a/
====Vowel Mutations====
* /[a~ɔ]+i/ yields /ɛ/ ⟨ä⟩
* /a+u/ yields /ɔ/ ⟨å⟩
* /e+i/ yields /i/ (?)
* /[e~ɛ]+u/ yields /jø/
* /[e~i?]+a/ yields /jɛ/
* /o+i/ yields /œ/ ⟨ö⟩ (?) (does o even come up now?)
* /ɔ+i/ yields /jœ/
* /u+i/ yields /ü/ (?) ⟨y⟩? (or ju?)
* /u+a/ yields /o/ (< /wɔ/)

===Consonants===
====Palatalisation====
* Voiced consonants including nasals and fricatives+ j > j
** Montānea > Montä(ja)
** Snaigu > Njö > Jö
** Tria > T[rja] > T[jä] > Tjä (this word evolved irregularly though)
* Unvoiced consonants + j > tj
** Tri/Trai > Tjä
====Voicing====
* Before palatalisation, all fricatives undergo voicing. Afterwards, they either devoice again or collapse into a plosive, like with /ð/ > /d/.