User:Chrysophylax/Creating an Indo-European Conlang - Revision history

Sware: Undo revision 202626 by Sware (talk)

2020-08-13T14:30:35Z

Undo revision 202626 by Sware (talk)

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:30, 13 August 2020
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	\|- align=center		\|- align=center
	! [[w:Open vowel\|Open]]		! [[w:Open vowel\|Open]]
	\| a* *ā		\| a* ā*
	\|		\|
	\|}		\|}

Sware: ā* to *ā

2020-08-13T14:30:12Z

ā* to *ā

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	\|- align=center		\|- align=center
	! [[w:Open vowel\|Open]]		! [[w:Open vowel\|Open]]
	\| a* ā*		\| a* *ā
	\|		\|
	\|}		\|}

Chrysophylax at 20:40, 17 March 2015

2015-03-17T20:40:22Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 20:40, 17 March 2015
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	The family is also one of the largest language family in the world in terms of native speakers. Languages as different as English (365 million), Latin (few to none), Ancient Greek (few to none), Hindi-Urdu(361 million), Russian (162 million), Welsh (720,000), and Armenian (6 million) all belong to this gigantic, sprawling family.		The family is also one of the largest language family in the world in terms of native speakers. Languages as different as English (365 million), Latin (few to none), Ancient Greek (few to none), Hindi-Urdu(361 million), Russian (162 million), Welsh (720,000), and Armenian (6 million) all belong to this gigantic, sprawling family.
	[[File:Primary Human Language Families Map.png\|thumbnail\|~~distribution~~ of the world's language families with Indo-European in ~~dark blue~~]]		[[File:Primary Human Language Families Map.png\|thumbnail\|Distribution of the world's language families with Indo-European in cyan]]

	All in all, Indo-European languages offer the conlanger ample material from which to draw upon when engaging in lighthearted linguogenesis, what with detailed grammars, lexica, recordings, dissertations, and so on. Whether it be [[Aarlaansk]] (a descendant of Latin in northwestern Europe), [[Harākti]] (a sibling of Hittite), '''Gutiskar''' (Germanic), '''Syrunian''' (a Levantine descendant of Latin), '''Thorian''' (a close relative of the Greek family), '''Quadian''' (an 'old Germanic' language) or belonging to a whole new branch entirely as '''Alkalic''', '''Nṛtranya''' (a language drawn from a 'reconstructed PIE'-lexicon based on mostly Proto-Germanic words then taken down through Sanskrit-y sound changes) or [[Dhannuá]] (a melangemischung of Celtic, Italic, and Germanic elements), Indo-European-derived languages don't seem to be ceasing in popularity or creativity any time soon.		All in all, Indo-European languages offer the conlanger ample material from which to draw upon when engaging in lighthearted linguogenesis, what with detailed grammars, lexica, recordings, dissertations, and so on. Whether it be [[Aarlaansk]] (a descendant of Latin in northwestern Europe), [[Harākti]] (a sibling of Hittite), '''Gutiskar''' (Germanic), '''Syrunian''' (a Levantine descendant of Latin), '''Thorian''' (a close relative of the Greek family), '''Quadian''' (an 'old Germanic' language) or belonging to a whole new branch entirely as '''Alkalic''', '''Nṛtranya''' (a language drawn from a 'reconstructed PIE'-lexicon based on mostly Proto-Germanic words then taken down through Sanskrit-y sound changes) or [[Dhannuá]] (a melangemischung of Celtic, Italic, and Germanic elements), Indo-European-derived languages don't seem to be ceasing in popularity or creativity any time soon.

Chrysophylax: /* Melting morphology */

2014-05-14T18:51:48Z

Melting morphology

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	===Melting morphology===		===Melting morphology===
			While Proto-Indo-European is reconstructed as having a somewhat complex morphology both for nouns and verbs, almost all descendants strongly simplified the systems.

	===Smithing smooth sentences syntactically===		===Smithing smooth sentences syntactically===

Chrysophylax: /* Forging a phonology */

2014-05-14T18:45:15Z

Forging a phonology

← Older revision		Revision as of 18:45, 14 May 2014
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	\|}		\|}
	You have many options available in the treatment of the vowels and consonants; already in Proto-Indo-European we discern a trend towards either engaging in af/fricativisation or not of the 'palatovelars'. This important isogloss divides Indo-European into two broad swaths: Centum and Satem. Cf. ~~with the~~ reconstructed PIE [[wikt:Appendix:Proto-Indo-European/ḱm̥tóm#Proto-Indo-European\|*(d)ḱm̥tóm]].		You have many options available in the treatment of the vowels and consonants; already in Proto-Indo-European we discern a trend towards either engaging in af/fricativisation or not of the 'palatovelars'. This important isogloss divides Indo-European into two broad swaths: Centum and Satem. Cf. reconstructed PIE [[wikt:Appendix:Proto-Indo-European/ḱm̥tóm#Proto-Indo-European\|*(d)ḱm̥tóm]] and its descendants [[wikt:centum#Latin\|centum (Latin)]] & [[wikt:शत#Sanskrit\|śatá (Sanskrit)]].

	===Melting morphology===		===Melting morphology===

Ceige: /* Creating a descendant of a modern language chapter */ Finished this section for now

2014-02-03T10:59:31Z

Creating a descendant of a modern language chapter: Finished this section for now

← Older revision		Revision as of 10:59, 3 February 2014
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	Now that you're thinking like a fortune teller, a wizard, or an ethically-challenging supercomputer given more control of human life than is safe, it's time to thing about your focus.		Now that you're thinking like a fortune teller, a wizard, or an ethically-challenging supercomputer given more control of human life than is safe, it's time to thing about your focus.
	* Younger languages generally require more thought about phonology, vocabulary and style, and ''then'' the results on grammar		* Younger languages generally require more thought about phonology, vocabulary and style, and ''then'' the results on grammar.
	* Older languages generally require a goal to work towards - e.g. make a change to the language, and ''then'' explain it and see if it fits		* Older languages generally require a goal to work towards - e.g. make a change to the language, and ''then'' explain it and see if it fits.

	...''however'', that said, you can use either method for either language. There's no strict rules, they're purely recommmendations to help make things more efficient. For example, making an older language using the guide for younger languages could take you on a very long journey where you might lose your place. You might want that, actually. With younger languages, you might have a specific goal, and find it easier to explain changes away after you've made them - but this might get unrealistic fast (for example, South Australian English /fa:st/ isn't going to turn into /hi:çþ/ overnight without a ''very'' good explanation).		...''however'', that said, you can use either method for either language. There's no strict rules, they're purely recommmendations to help make things more efficient. For example, making an older language using the guide for younger languages could take you on a very long journey where you might lose your place. You might want that, actually. With younger languages, you might have a specific goal, and find it easier to explain changes away after you've made them - but this might get unrealistic fast (for example, South Australian English /fa:st/ isn't going to turn into /hi:çþ/ overnight without a ''very'' good explanation).

	===Step ~~Frey~~: Interpreting the Visions===		===Step Frei: Interpreting the Visions===
	''"In 5 years time, I see you as a generous fisherman - oh, wait, I meant I see you getting eaten by a shark and having house looted, mah bad!"''		''"In 5 years time, I see you as a generous fisherman - oh, wait, I meant I see you getting eaten by a shark and having your house looted, mah bad!"''

	You want to know the context of your future language, both the things that you want to be in the context, and things that should naturally be part of the context.		You want to know the context of your future language, both the things that you want to be in the context, and things that should naturally be part of the context.

	For example: Spanish in North America in the year 2200AD, during the reign of Immortal Overlord Obama~~<ref name=~~"~~Obama~~"~~>Bugger~~, this ~~joke~~'s ~~only gonna last until 2017~~...</~~ref>~~		For example: Spanish in North America in the year 2200AD (SpanNA), during the reign of Immortal Overlord Obama.
			What do we want?
			* Spanish 200 years later
			* Probably some English influence on vocabulary and grammar too

			What do we need to keep in mind?
			* Will English influence SpanNA's phonology?
			** On a similar note, how will English evolve phonologically over that 200 years, and how will it influence SpanNA?
			* What sort of community is it?
			** Are they open to learners? (affects purity)
			** Are they monolingual, bilingual, trilingual? Do they codeswitch a lot? (affects purity)
			** Do they see their own language as a standard, or do they consider another variety of Spanish as "correct"? (affects whether the language follows after another related one, or looks for its own identity)

			... and so on.

			Basically, you want to make sure that the future you're seeing is complete and internally rather consistent with what you want. Injecting fantasy to oil the gears of creativity is OK, but even good fantasy tales need consistency!

			====Semistep Frei-poñt-vån: Don't worry, everyone goes through this stage!====
			''うそだよ''

			Here's some common things that can affect any language, for any number of reasons (half the fun is pretending you know why!):
			* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lenition Lenition] and [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fortition Fortition]. Lenition is why we say "three" in English instead of "tree". Fortition is why Germans say "drei" instead of "threi". On the other hand, '''fortition ''then'' lenition''' is why Germans say "Wasser" instead of "Water".
			* Vowel changes, such as [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese_phonology#Devoicing devoicing], [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Vowel_Shift diphthongisation] and [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vowel_harmony vowel harmony].
			* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_language Palatalisation] and [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Upper_Arrernte_language#Phonology Labialisation]
			* A combination of some or all of the above, such as in French, German and Irish.

			===Step Fwå: Comparing Ancestor with Descendent===
			''AKA when you find out that your Chihuahua is possessed by your great grandfather's vengeful spirit.''

			A good step towards finding a codified version of your dream descendant language is to compare what you have so far with the original language via translating passages from it. A quick ad hoc example:
			: English (normal): ''Today I had eggs and ham on my pizza. It was amazing.''
			: English (hypothetical descendent): ''Tsdää, åå dån hev jeg ån hem on måå petsa. Ben määz''

			From this, I can compare all the changes from the original language word by word, see how it all flows together, see if I've accidentally missed something or converted a word wrongly (irregularities are fine as long as you're happy with justifying them), and ultimately I can make sure I can appreciate the evolution that's taken place.

	==Chapter on sibling-makery, e.g., Harākti==		==Chapter on sibling-makery, e.g., Harākti==

	[[Category:Guides]]		[[Category:Guides]]

Ceige: /* Creating a descendant of a modern language chapter */

2014-02-03T10:23:53Z

Creating a descendant of a modern language chapter

← Older revision		Revision as of 10:23, 3 February 2014
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	==Creating a descendant of a modern language chapter==		==Creating a descendant of a modern language chapter==
	My contribewshins [[User:Ceige\|Ceige]] ([[User talk:Ceige\|talk]]) 11:16, 3 February 2014 (CET)		<!--My contribewshins [[User:Ceige\|Ceige]] ([[User talk:Ceige\|talk]]) 11:16, 3 February 2014 (CET) -->
	===Step Vån: Becoming the Farseer===		===Step Vån: Becoming the Farseer===
	''Or the prophet, depending on your belief system. Or ~~the~~ Jedi, depending on your ~~SciFi allegiances~~.''		''Or the prophet, depending on your belief system. Or a Jedi, depending on your fandom.''

	Creating a descendant of a modern language almost always involves predicting the future to whatever degree. Sometimes, this is less pronounced, especially if your goal is to imagine English if Japan took over the United States of America, in which case, while you can still play the prophet, there's less of a need since you're knee-deep in fantasy as is.		Creating a descendant of a modern language almost always involves predicting the future to whatever degree. Sometimes, this is less pronounced, especially if your goal is to imagine English if Japan took over the United States of America, in which case, while you can still play the prophet, there's less of a need since you're knee-deep in fantasy as is.
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	===Step Frey: Interpreting the Visions===		===Step Frey: Interpreting the Visions===
	''"In 5 years time, I see you as a generous fisherman - oh, wait, I meant I see you getting eaten by a shark and having house looted, mah bad!"''		''"In 5 years time, I see you as a generous fisherman - oh, wait, I meant I see you getting eaten by a shark and having house looted, mah bad!"''

			You want to know the context of your future language, both the things that you want to be in the context, and things that should naturally be part of the context.

			For example: Spanish in North America in the year 2200AD, during the reign of Immortal Overlord Obama<ref name="Obama">Bugger, this joke's only gonna last until 2017...</ref>

	==Chapter on sibling-makery, e.g., Harākti==		==Chapter on sibling-makery, e.g., Harākti==

	[[Category:Guides]]		[[Category:Guides]]

Ceige: /* Creating a descendant of a modern language chapter */ Started a slightly comedic section, incomplete

2014-02-03T10:16:15Z

Creating a descendant of a modern language chapter: Started a slightly comedic section, incomplete

@@ Line 146: / Line 146: @@
 ==Creating a descendant of a modern language chapter==
 ==Chapter on sibling-makery, e.g., Harākti==
 [[Category:Guides]]

Chrysophylax: /* Forging a phonology */

2014-01-28T03:57:25Z

Forging a phonology

@@ Line 45: / Line 45: @@
 ===Forging a phonology===
-Proto-Indo-European is commonly accepted to have had the following vowel and consonant inventory
+Proto-Indo-European is commonly accepted to have had the following vowel and consonant inventory with some minor disagreements on the phonemicity of *a
 {| class="greentable"
@@ Line 115: / Line 115: @@
+|
 | align=center | *{{PIE|w}}
+|
 |}

Chrysophylax at 03:44, 28 January 2014

2014-01-28T03:44:25Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 03:44, 28 January 2014
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	#Recommended introductory reading		#Recommended introductory reading

	::* [[~~wiki~~:Proto-Indo-European language\|Proto-Indo-European language]] at Wikipedia		::* [[wikipedia:Proto-Indo-European language\|Proto-Indo-European language]] at Wikipedia
	::* Donald Ringe's ''From Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Germanic'' (2006), ISBN 9780199284139		::* Donald Ringe's ''From Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Germanic'' (2006), ISBN 9780199284139
	::* Mallory, JP; Adams, DQ ''The Oxford Introduction to Proto-Indo-European and the Proto-Indo-European World'' (2006), ISBN 9780199296682		::* Mallory, JP; Adams, DQ ''The Oxford Introduction to Proto-Indo-European and the Proto-Indo-European World'' (2006), ISBN 9780199296682
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	If you find that making romlangs, germlangs, slavlangs, sinolangs, celtlangs just a bit too constraining, the option of making up your own base on which to experiment further on is a safe bet for fun! The reasons for engaging in diachronic conlanging with PIE as point of origin are many and varied - just like the results. By building your own branch of the Indo-European tree you'll have lots of exciting moments dealing with concepts like common innovations, isoglosses, borrowings, conservatism-innovation, and so on.		If you find that making romlangs, germlangs, slavlangs, sinolangs, celtlangs just a bit too constraining, the option of making up your own base on which to experiment further on is a safe bet for fun! The reasons for engaging in diachronic conlanging with PIE as point of origin are many and varied - just like the results. By building your own branch of the Indo-European tree you'll have lots of exciting moments dealing with concepts like common innovations, isoglosses, borrowings, conservatism-innovation, and so on.

	This chapter assumes a basic understanding of concepts such as [[~~wiki~~:phoneme\|phoneme]], [[~~wiki~~:allophone\|allophone]], [[~~wiki~~:Ablaut\|ablaut]], [[~~wiki~~:Word order\|word order]], and so on.		This chapter assumes a basic understanding of concepts such as [[wikipedia:phoneme\|phoneme]], [[wikipedia:allophone\|allophone]], [[wikipedia:Ablaut\|ablaut]], [[wikipedia:Word order\|word order]], and so on.

	===The processes of change and their effects===		===The processes of change and their effects===
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	\|-		\|-
	!rowspan="2" colspan="2"\|		!rowspan="2" colspan="2"\|
	!rowspan="2"\|[[~~wiki~~:labial consonant\|Labial]]		!rowspan="2"\|[[wikipedia:labial consonant\|Labial]]
	!rowspan="2"\|[[~~wiki~~:coronal consonant\|Coronal]]		!rowspan="2"\|[[wikipedia:coronal consonant\|Coronal]]
	!colspan="3"\|[[~~wiki~~:dorsal consonant\|Dorsal]]		!colspan="3"\|[[wikipedia:dorsal consonant\|Dorsal]]
	!rowspan="2"\|[[~~wiki~~:Laryngeal theory\|Laryngeal]]		!rowspan="2"\|[[wikipedia:Laryngeal theory\|Laryngeal]]
	\|-		\|-
	!<small>palatal</small>		!<small>palatal</small>
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	!<small>labial</small>		!<small>labial</small>
	\|-		\|-
	!colspan="2"\|[[~~wiki~~:Nasal stop\|Nasal]]		!colspan="2"\|[[wikipedia:Nasal stop\|Nasal]]
	\| align=center \| *{{PIE\|m}}		\| align=center \| *{{PIE\|m}}
	\| align=center \| *{{PIE\|n}}		\| align=center \| *{{PIE\|n}}
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	\|		\|
	\|-		\|-
	!rowspan="3"\|[[~~wiki~~:Plosive consonant\|Plosive]] \|\|<small>		!rowspan="3"\|[[wikipedia:Plosive consonant\|Plosive]] \|\|<small>
	[[~~wiki~~:Voiceless consonant\|voiceless]]</small>		[[wikipedia:Voiceless consonant\|voiceless]]</small>
	\| align=center \| *{{PIE\|p}}		\| align=center \| *{{PIE\|p}}
	\| align=center \| *{{PIE\|t}}		\| align=center \| *{{PIE\|t}}
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	\|		\|
	\|-		\|-
	!<small>[[~~wiki~~:Voiced consonant\|voiced]]</small>		!<small>[[wikipedia:Voiced consonant\|voiced]]</small>
	\| align=center \| (*{{PIE\|b}})		\| align=center \| (*{{PIE\|b}})
	\| align=center \| *{{PIE\|d}}		\| align=center \| *{{PIE\|d}}
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	\|		\|
	\|-		\|-
	!<small>[[~~wiki~~:aspiration (phonetics)\|aspirated]]</small>		!<small>[[wikipedia:aspiration (phonetics)\|aspirated]]</small>
	\| align=center \| *{{PIE\|bʰ}}		\| align=center \| *{{PIE\|bʰ}}
	\| align=center \| *{{PIE\|dʰ}}		\| align=center \| *{{PIE\|dʰ}}
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	\|		\|
	\|-		\|-
	!colspan="2"\|[[~~wiki~~:fricative consonant\|Fricative]]		!colspan="2"\|[[wikipedia:fricative consonant\|Fricative]]
	\|		\|
	\| align=center \| *{{PIE\|s}}		\| align=center \| *{{PIE\|s}}
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	\| align=center \| {{PIE\|h₁, h₂, *h₃}}		\| align=center \| {{PIE\|h₁, h₂, *h₃}}
	\|-		\|-
	!colspan="2"\|[[~~wiki~~:liquid consonant\|Liquid]]		!colspan="2"\|[[wikipedia:liquid consonant\|Liquid]]
	\|		\|
	\| align=center \| {{PIE\|r, l}}		\| align=center \| {{PIE\|r, l}}
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	\|		\|
	\|-		\|-
	!colspan="2"\|[[~~wiki~~:Approximant\|Approximant]]		!colspan="2"\|[[wikipedia:Approximant\|Approximant]]
	\|		\|
	\|		\|