User:Nicolasstraccia/afghanisketch - Revision history

Nicolasstraccia at 22:56, 26 November 2015

2015-11-26T22:56:08Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 22:56, 26 November 2015
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	{\| class="bluetable lightbluebg"		{\| class="bluetable lightbluebg"
	\|-		\|-
	\| style="background:LightSteelBlue" colspan="2"\|Marker \|\| style="background:LightSteelBlue; text-align:center"\|~~‹ ›~~ \|\| style="background:LightSteelBlue; text-align:center"\|// \|\| style="background:LightSteelBlue; text-align:center"\|[]		\| style="background:LightSteelBlue" colspan="2"\|Marker \|\| style="background:LightSteelBlue; text-align:center"\|⟨ ⟩ \|\| style="background:LightSteelBlue; text-align:center"\|// \|\| style="background:LightSteelBlue; text-align:center"\|[]
	\|-		\|-
	\| style="background:LightBlue" colspan="2"\| unmarked for evidentiality \|\| colspan="3" style="text-align:center"\| ∅		\| style="background:LightBlue" colspan="2"\| unmarked for evidentiality \|\| colspan="3" style="text-align:center"\| ∅
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	====Negation====		====Negation====

	Negative verb: ~~‹ϑīwṣ›~~ /ˈθiːwʃ/ [ˈθiːwç]. It doesn’t inflect for person or number.		Negative verb: ⟨ϑīwṣ⟩ /ˈθiːwʃ/ [ˈθiːwç]. It doesn’t inflect for person or number.

	Negative suffix: ‹-~~yūṣ›~~ /jūʃ/ [juːç]. It comes after the stem and before the tense suffix. In addition to -yūṣ there is another suffix ‹-~~kyem›~~ /kjem/ or ‹-~~kuom›~~ /ku.om/ [kʷom]. It appears ‹-~~kyem›~~ is used when dealing with one event, ‹-~~yūṣ›~~ for more habitual or lasting states.		Negative suffix: ⟨-yūṣ⟩ /jūʃ/ [juːç]. It comes after the stem and before the tense suffix. In addition to -yūṣ there is another suffix ⟨-kyem⟩ /kjem/ or ⟨-kuom⟩ /ku.om/ [kʷom]. It appears ⟨-kyem⟩ is used when dealing with one event, ⟨-yūṣ⟩ for more habitual or lasting states.

	===Syntax===		===Syntax===

Nicolasstraccia: /* Evidentiality */

2015-11-26T09:48:52Z

Evidentiality

← Older revision		Revision as of 09:48, 26 November 2015
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	\| style="background:LightBlue" rowspan="2"\| {{sc\|hearsay}} \|\| style="background:LightSteelBlue"\|dialect 1 \|\| -ëpdir \|\| -əp.dir \|\| -əp.ɖiʐ		\| style="background:LightBlue" rowspan="2"\| {{sc\|hearsay}} \|\| style="background:LightSteelBlue"\|dialect 1 \|\| -ëpdir \|\| -əp.dir \|\| -əp.ɖiʐ
	\|-		\|-
	\| style="background:LightSteelBlue"\|dialect 2 \|\| -~~etfir~~ \|\| -əf.tir \|\| -ef.ʈiʒ		\| style="background:LightSteelBlue"\|dialect 2 \|\| -eftir \|\| -ef.tir \|\| -ef.ʈiʒ
	\|-		\|-
	\| style="background:LightBlue" rowspan="2"\| {{sc\|indirect.evidence}} \|\| style="background:LightSteelBlue"\|dialect 1 \|\| -dirmënäm \|\| -dir.mə.næm \|\| -diɾ.mə.næm		\| style="background:LightBlue" rowspan="2"\| {{sc\|indirect.evidence}} \|\| style="background:LightSteelBlue"\|dialect 1 \|\| -dirmënäm \|\| -dir.mə.næm \|\| -diɾ.mə.næm
	\|-		\|-
	\| style="background:LightSteelBlue"\|dialect 2* \|\| -~~diṛënäm~~ \|\| -di.rə.næm \|\| -di.rə.næm		\| style="background:LightSteelBlue"\|dialect 2 \|\| -diṛenäm \|\| -di.re.næm \|\| -di.re.næm
	\|-		\|-
	\| style="background:LightBlue" rowspan="2"\| {{sc\|rumour}} \|\| style="background:LightSteelBlue"\|dialect 1 \|\| -mëṣ \|\| -məʃ \|\| -məç		\| style="background:LightBlue" rowspan="2"\| {{sc\|rumour}} \|\| style="background:LightSteelBlue"\|dialect 1 \|\| -mëṣ \|\| -məʃ \|\| -məç
	\|-		\|-
	\| style="background:LightSteelBlue"\|dialect 2* \|\| -~~mëṣ~~ \|\| -~~məʃ~~ \|\| -~~məç~~		\| style="background:LightSteelBlue"\|dialect 2 \|\| -meṣ \|\| -meʃ \|\| -meʂ
	\|-		\|-
	\|}		\|}

	~~''<small><nowiki>*</nowiki> the phonology of dialect 2 still needs revision</small>''~~

	====Negation====		====Negation====

Nicolasstraccia: /* Evidentiality */

2015-11-26T09:25:15Z

Evidentiality

← Older revision		Revision as of 09:25, 26 November 2015
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	\| style="background:LightBlue" rowspan="2"\| {{sc\|indirect.evidence}} \|\| style="background:LightSteelBlue"\|dialect 1 \|\| -dirmënäm \|\| -dir.mə.næm \|\| -diɾ.mə.næm		\| style="background:LightBlue" rowspan="2"\| {{sc\|indirect.evidence}} \|\| style="background:LightSteelBlue"\|dialect 1 \|\| -dirmënäm \|\| -dir.mə.næm \|\| -diɾ.mə.næm
	\|-		\|-
	\| style="background:LightSteelBlue"\|dialect 2 \|\| -diṛënäm \|\| -di.rə.næm \|\| -di.rə.næm		\| style="background:LightSteelBlue"\|dialect 2* \|\| -diṛënäm \|\| -di.rə.næm \|\| -di.rə.næm
	\|-		\|-
	\| style="background:LightBlue" rowspan="2"\| {{sc\|rumour}} \|\| style="background:LightSteelBlue"\|dialect 1 \|\| -mëṣ \|\| -məʃ \|\| -~~məʧ~~		\| style="background:LightBlue" rowspan="2"\| {{sc\|rumour}} \|\| style="background:LightSteelBlue"\|dialect 1 \|\| -mëṣ \|\| -məʃ \|\| -məç
	\|-		\|-
	\| style="background:LightSteelBlue"\|dialect 2 \|\| -mëṣ \|\| -məʃ \|\| -~~məʧ~~		\| style="background:LightSteelBlue"\|dialect 2* \|\| -mëṣ \|\| -məʃ \|\| -məç
	\|-		\|-
	\|}		\|}

	(the phonology of dialect 2 still needs revision)		''<small><nowiki>*</nowiki> the phonology of dialect 2 still needs revision</small>''

	====Negation====		====Negation====

Nicolasstraccia: /* Phonotaxis */

2015-11-26T08:48:04Z

Phonotaxis

← Older revision		Revision as of 08:48, 26 November 2015
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	Syllables may be structured as (C)(C)V(S)(C(C)), consisting of an optional syllable onset, one consonant; an obligatory syllable nucleus, consisting of a vowel optionally followed by a semivowel; and an optional syllable coda, one or two consonants.		Syllables may be structured as (C)(C)V(S)(C(C)), consisting of an optional syllable onset, one consonant; an obligatory syllable nucleus, consisting of a vowel optionally followed by a semivowel; and an optional syllable coda, one or two consonants.
	* Onset		* Onset
	** Consonant (C): can be any consonant. Composed of either one consonant or a C+continuant cluster (other clusters, which are only found in loanwords, are broke with an epenthetic /ə/ between the consonants.)		** Consonant (C): can be any consonant or semivowel. Composed of either one consonant or a C+continuant cluster (other clusters, which are only found in loanwords, are broke with an epenthetic /ə/ between the consonants.)
	* Nucleus		* Nucleus
	** Vowel or diphthong V		** Vowel or diphthong V

Nicolasstraccia: /* Syntax */

2015-11-26T08:45:46Z

Syntax

← Older revision		Revision as of 08:45, 26 November 2015
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	N/A		N/A

	V/Adv		V/Adv

	Posessed/Posessor		Posessed/Posessor

	The normal word order is subject–object–verb.		The normal word order is subject–object–verb.

Nicolasstraccia: /* Syntax */

2015-11-26T08:45:31Z

Syntax

← Older revision		Revision as of 08:45, 26 November 2015
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	===Syntax===		===Syntax===

			N/A
			V/Adv
			Posessed/Posessor

	The normal word order is subject–object–verb.		The normal word order is subject–object–verb.

Nicolasstraccia: /* Phonotaxis */

2015-11-26T08:40:33Z

Phonotaxis

← Older revision		Revision as of 08:40, 26 November 2015
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	** Consonant (C): can be any consonant. Composed of either one consonant or a C+continuant cluster (other clusters, which are only found in loanwords, are broke with an epenthetic /ə/ between the consonants.)		** Consonant (C): can be any consonant. Composed of either one consonant or a C+continuant cluster (other clusters, which are only found in loanwords, are broke with an epenthetic /ə/ between the consonants.)
	* Nucleus		* Nucleus
	** Vowel V		** Vowel or diphthong V
	** Semivowel (S)		** Semivowel (S)
	* Coda		* Coda
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	:{\| class="bluetable lightbluebg collapsible collapsed"		:{\| class="bluetable lightbluebg collapsible collapsed"
	\|-		\|-
	! style="~~allign~~-~~text~~:center"\|Phoneme !! Allophone/Coarticulation !! Rule !! Description		! style="text-align:center"\|Phoneme !! Allophone/Coarticulation !! Rule !! Description
			\|-
			! style="text-align:left" colspan="4"\| Consonants
	\|-		\|-
	\| /t/ /k/ /p/ /ʦ/ \|\| /tʰ/ /kʰ/ /pʰ/ /ʦʰ/ \|\| P→Pʰ /%_ \|\| ''word initial''		\| /t/ /k/ /p/ /ʦ/ \|\| /tʰ/ /kʰ/ /pʰ/ /ʦʰ/ \|\| P→Pʰ /%_ \|\| ''word initial''
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	\|-		\|-
	\| /ʃ/ /ʒ/ \|\| [ç] [ʝ] \|\| ʃ,ʒ→ç,ʝ /V_% [w,u(ː),o(ː)] \|\| ''word final''		\| /ʃ/ /ʒ/ \|\| [ç] [ʝ] \|\| ʃ,ʒ→ç,ʝ /V_% [w,u(ː),o(ː)] \|\| ''word final''
			\|-
			! style="text-align:left" colspan="4"\| Vowels
			\|-
			\| /ɒ/ \|\| [ä] \|\| ɒ→ä /C_V̯, _j \|\| ''diphthongs -which happen after a consonant- and before /j/''
	\|-		\|-
	\|}		\|}

Nicolasstraccia: /* Consonants */

2015-11-26T07:46:57Z

Consonants

← Older revision		Revision as of 07:46, 26 November 2015
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	\| style="background: darkgray;"\|		\| style="background: darkgray;"\|
	\| style="background: darkgray;"\|		\| style="background: darkgray;"\|
	\| ɾ		\| [ɾ]
	\| style="background: darkgray;"\|		\| style="background: darkgray;"\|
	\| style="background: darkgray;"\|		\| style="background: darkgray;"\|
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	\| [ʝ]		\| [ʝ]
	\| x		\| x
	\| ɣ		\| [ɣ]
	\| style="background: darkgray;"\|		\| style="background: darkgray;"\|
	\| style="background: darkgray;"\|		\| style="background: darkgray;"\|

Nicolasstraccia: /* Phonotaxis */

2015-11-26T07:45:21Z

Phonotaxis

← Older revision		Revision as of 07:45, 26 November 2015
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	'''''Syllable structure'''''		'''''Syllable structure'''''

	Syllables may be structured as (C)(S)V(S)(C(C)), consisting of an optional syllable onset, one consonant; an obligatory syllable nucleus, a vowel optionally ~~preceded by and/or~~ followed by a semivowel; and an optional syllable coda, one or two consonants. ~~The following restrictions apply:~~		Syllables may be structured as (C)(C)V(S)(C(C)), consisting of an optional syllable onset, one consonant; an obligatory syllable nucleus, consisting of a vowel optionally followed by a semivowel; and an optional syllable coda, one or two consonants.
	* Onset		* Onset
	** Consonant (C): can be any consonant. ~~(composed only~~ of one consonant~~; consonant~~ clusters are only found in loanwords, ~~sometimes~~ an epenthetic /ə/ ~~is inserted~~ between consonants.)		** Consonant (C): can be any consonant. Composed of either one consonant or a C+continuant cluster (other clusters, which are only found in loanwords, are broke with an epenthetic /ə/ between the consonants.)
	* Nucleus		* Nucleus
	** Semivowel (S)		** Vowel V
	** Vowel (V)
	** Semivowel (S)		** Semivowel (S)
	* Coda		* Coda

Nicolasstraccia: /* Evidentiality */

2015-11-26T06:43:38Z

Evidentiality

← Older revision		Revision as of 06:43, 26 November 2015
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	=====Evidentiality=====		=====Evidentiality=====

			The {{sc\|direct.evidence}} marker ''-dir'' and the {{sc\|rumour}} marker ''-mëṣ'' appear to coalesce as part of the {{sc\|indirect.evidence}} marker ''-dirmë[ṣ]näm'', but the etymological evidence is not yet conclusive.

	{\| class="bluetable lightbluebg"		{\| class="bluetable lightbluebg"
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	\| style="background:LightBlue" colspan="2"\| unmarked for evidentiality \|\| colspan="3" style="text-align:center"\| ∅		\| style="background:LightBlue" colspan="2"\| unmarked for evidentiality \|\| colspan="3" style="text-align:center"\| ∅
	\|-		\|-
	\| style="background:LightBlue" rowspan="2"\| direct evidence \|\| style="background:LightSteelBlue"\|dialect 1 \|\| -dir \|\| -dir \|\| -diʐ		\| style="background:LightBlue" rowspan="2"\| {{sc\|direct.evidence}} \|\| style="background:LightSteelBlue"\|dialect 1 \|\| -dir \|\| -dir \|\| -diʐ
	\|-		\|-
	\| style="background:LightSteelBlue"\|dialect 2 \|\| -dir \|\| -dir \|\| -ɖiʒ		\| style="background:LightSteelBlue"\|dialect 2 \|\| -dir \|\| -dir \|\| -ɖiʒ
	\|-		\|-
	\| style="background:LightBlue" rowspan="2"\| hearsay \|\| style="background:LightSteelBlue"\|dialect 1 \|\| -ëpdir \|\| -əp.dir \|\| -əp.ɖiʐ		\| style="background:LightBlue" rowspan="2"\| {{sc\|hearsay}} \|\| style="background:LightSteelBlue"\|dialect 1 \|\| -ëpdir \|\| -əp.dir \|\| -əp.ɖiʐ
	\|-		\|-
	\| style="background:LightSteelBlue"\|dialect 2 \|\| -etfir \|\| -~~əftir~~ \|\| -ef.ʈiʒ		\| style="background:LightSteelBlue"\|dialect 2 \|\| -etfir \|\| -əf.tir \|\| -ef.ʈiʒ
	\|-		\|-
	\| style="background:LightBlue" rowspan="2"\| indirect evidence \|\| style="background:LightSteelBlue"\|dialect 1 \|\| -dirmënäm \|\| -dir.mə.næm \|\| -diɾ.mə.næm		\| style="background:LightBlue" rowspan="2"\| {{sc\|indirect.evidence}} \|\| style="background:LightSteelBlue"\|dialect 1 \|\| -dirmënäm \|\| -dir.mə.næm \|\| -diɾ.mə.næm
	\|-		\|-
	\| style="background:LightSteelBlue"\|dialect 2 \|\| -diṛënäm \|\| -di.rə.næm \|\| -di.rə.næm		\| style="background:LightSteelBlue"\|dialect 2 \|\| -diṛënäm \|\| -di.rə.næm \|\| -di.rə.næm
	\|-		\|-
	\| style="background:LightBlue" rowspan="2"\| rumour \|\| style="background:LightSteelBlue"\|dialect 1 \|\| -mëṣ \|\| -məʃ \|\| -məʧ		\| style="background:LightBlue" rowspan="2"\| {{sc\|rumour}} \|\| style="background:LightSteelBlue"\|dialect 1 \|\| -mëṣ \|\| -məʃ \|\| -məʧ
	\|-		\|-
	\| style="background:LightSteelBlue"\|dialect 2 \|\| -mëṣ \|\| -məʃ \|\| -məʧ		\| style="background:LightSteelBlue"\|dialect 2 \|\| -mëṣ \|\| -məʃ \|\| -məʧ
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	\|}		\|}

	~~Dialect~~ 2 needs revision		(the phonology of dialect 2 still needs revision)

	====Negation====		====Negation====