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English in the AETHER timeline is an Indo-European language and has pretty much the same vocabulary and grammar as our English, but is a Riphic language, not a Germanic one. It is native to our Germany and Poland area, not the British Isles.


==Etymologies==
*''leitmotif'': an opera which used a leitmotif for a character named Lait or Light? (it was an operatic version of Death Note)
*''karma'': a non-Earth Indo-Aryan language
*''mana'': from IA *manas
*''Parmesan'': unknown. A folk etymology derives it from a [[Cubrite]] woman's name (Parm Eshan?).
*German linguistic terminology: invented by Edna? The standard terms are:
**''affection'' not ''umlaut''
**''apophony'' not ''ablaut''
**''linguistic area'' not ''sprachbund''
**''lexical aspect'' not ''aktionsart''
**''case stacking'' not ''suffixaufnahme''
**''place of origin'' not ''urheimat''
==Accents==
===The "Sephardi-Estuary-Ashkenazi" continuum===
(Stolen from Lõis)
====Overview====
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style=""
|-
! colspan="5" | Vowels
|-
! style="width: 100px;" | Feature  !! style="width: 250px;" | Western ("Sephardi") !! style="width: 250px;" | L-Philadelphian!! style="width: 250px;" | L-Standard !! style="width: 250px;" | Eastern ("Ashkenazi")
|-
! KIT
| ɪ || ɪ~ɪ̈ || ɪ~ɪ̈ || i
|-
! DRESS
| ɛ || ɛ || ɛ || e
|-
! TRAP
| a~ɑ || æ; eə~ɛə before /m n/ || a || a
|-
! BATH (the BATH lexical set is same as RP)
| a~ɑ || eə~ɛə || a || a
|-
! LOT
| ɔ || ɑ~ä || ɔ~ɒ || o
|-
! STRUT
| ʊ || ʌ~ɤ || ɜ̟~ɐ || ɜ
|-
! FOOT
| ʊ || ʊ || ʊ̈~ɘ || u
|-
! FLEECE
| iː || iʝ + reinforcement before C; ɪj otherwise || ɪj~iː || iː
|-
! FACE
| eː~eɪ || ɪj + reinforcement before C; ɛɪ otherwise || ɛɪ || eɪ
|-
! PRICE
| aɪ || əɪ~ʌɪ + reinforcement before C; ɑɪ~ɒɪ otherwise || ɑɪ || aɪ
|-
! CHOICE
| oɪ || oɪ~ʊɪ + reinforcement before C; oɪ otherwise || oɪ || ɔɪ~oɪ
|-
! MOUTH
| aʊ || æʊ~ɛɔ || æʊ || aʊ
|-
! GOAT
| oː~oʊ || əʊ~ə̟ʊ~eʊ,  oʊ before [ɫ] || ə̟ʊ~əʊ~əʏ~ʌʏ, ɔʊ~ɒʊ before [ɫ]|| ɔɪ~oɪ
|-
! GOOSE
| uː || üw~yː,  uː before [ɫ] || üː~yː,  uː before [ɫ] || uː
|-
! PALM
| ɑː || ɑ~ä || ɑː  || aː
|-
! THOUGHT
| ɑː || oə(ɹ)~ʊə(ɹ) || oː || ɔː
|-
! NEAR
| iːɹ || iə(ɹ) || ɪɚ~ɪə || iʀ
|-
! SQUARE
| eːɹ || eə(ɹ) || ɛɚ~ɛə || eʀ
|-
! NURSE
| əːɹ || əː(ɹ) || ɚː~əː || əʀ
|-
! START
| ɑːɹ || ɒː(ə)(ɹ) || ɑɚ~ɑː || aʀ
|-
! NORTH
| ɑːɹ || oə(ɹ) || oɚ~oə || oʀ
|-
! FORCE
| oːɹ || oə(ɹ) || oɚ~oə (oʊɚ~əʊɚ for Jewish speakers) || ɔɪʀ~oɪʀ
|-
! POOR
| uːɹ || oə(ɹ) || uɚ~uə || uʀ
|-
! CURE
| juːɹ || joə(ɹ)~jə(ɹ) || juɚ~jɚː~juə~jəː || juʀ
|-
! commA
| ə || ə(ɹ) || ə || ə
|-
! lettER
| əɹ || ə(ɹ) || ɚ~əː || əʀ
|-
! happY
| i || iː~ɪj || iː~ɪj || i
|-
! colspan="5" | Other phenomena
|-
! style="width: 100px;" | Feature !! style="width: 250px;" | Western !! style="width: 250px;" | L-Philadelphian!! style="width: 250px;" | L-Standard !! style="width: 250px;" | Eastern
|-
! Rhoticity
| Historical /r/ is always [ɹ] || Non-rhotic with intrusive R || Freely varies || Historical /r/ is always [ʀ]
|-
! Dark L
| Always || Always, often vocalizing || Only when non-prevocalic || Never
|-
! /θ ð/
| Always [t̪ d̪] || Often [t̪ d̪] || [θ ð] || [s̠ d]
|-
! /w/
| [w] || [w] || [w] || [v]
|-
! Aspiration of voiceless stops and t/d-tapping
| As in AmE || As in AmE || As in AmE || Never
|}
====Western accent====
This is the "Western English" accent. When [[L-Hebrew|Hebrew]] is read in this accent, it sounds like Israeli Hebrew with an American accent. It still has some non-Sephardi features, e.g. tsere = FACE = [eɪ] is distinct from segol = DRESS = [ɛ].
The intonation is stereotypical American/Valley Girl.
====L-Philadelphian====
This accent is spoken in both the city of Alaşehir in Turkey (or as locals call it, "Flulfia"), and in Philadelphia, PA (called "New Philadelphia"). It's a non-rhotic version of our Philly accent; r-intrusion is used, as in our New York accent.
*/l/ is always dark [ɫ] and often vocalizes to a uvularized, pharyngealized or nasalized [ɰ].
*A 3-way distinction of Mary [meəɹi], merry [mɛɹi~mɤɹi], marry [mæɹi], unlike Standard English
*hurry [hɤɹi], furry [fəːɹi]
*orange [ɒɹɪndʒ]
*mirror [mɪɹə(ɹ)] != nearer [niəɹə(ɹ)]
*/iːg/ > /ɪg/, /eɪg/ > /ɛg/ in many words
*/θ ð/ are commonly [t̪ d̪].
*Philadelphian A-tensing system reminiscent of trap-bath split
A characteristic feature is ''reinforcement'' for certain vowels or diphthongs before consonants, which changes the pronunciation of the vowel:
*The nucleus is shortened.
*When the consonant is voiced, the offglide is lengthened: ''fame'' [fɪiːm]
*When the consonant is voiceless, the consonant is lengthened: ''face'' [fɪjsː]
====L-Standard English====
Often called the "Newton accent". Also a standard for [[L-Hebrew|English Hebrew]].
A kind of "Transatlantic accent", inspired by Californian + Philadelphia + Modern RP/Estuary.
Intonation is mostly American + my own weird intonation (my intonation basically)
=====Vowels=====
*orange = [oːɹəndʒ]
*Mary-merry-marry merger
*Mirror-nearer merger
*Hurry-furry merger
*No mergers before /l/
*No trap-bath split
=====Consonants=====
*L is light [l] before vowels and dark [ɫ] otherwise, as in RP.
**wholly-holy split.
*No glottal reinforcement before stops.
*/p t k/ are unaspirated after stressed syllables as in AmE.
*/d t/ has a tapped [ɾ] allophone in similar environments as in American English.
*wine-whine merger optional.
*/r/ may be [ʋ] between vowels.
====Eastern accent====
"Poylish" accent?

Latest revision as of 01:03, 10 May 2023

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