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English in the Unbegotten timeline is an Indo-European language and has pretty much the same vocabulary and grammar as our English, but is a Riphic language, not a Germanic one. It is native to our Germany and Poland area, not the British Isles.


==Etymologies==
*''leitmotif'': an opera which used a leitmotif for a character named Lait (it was an operatic version of Death Note)
*''karma'': [[Thurish]] ''karma'' 'punishment, accusation' (~ Slavic ''kara'')
*''tungsten'': [[Thurish]] ''tung-sten'' 'strong stone'
*''mana'': from an IA word for 'mind'
*''Parmesan'': unknown. A folk etymology derives it from a [[Cubrite]] woman's name (Parm Ezan?).
*frequentative -le from h2el- (cf Hebrew "halakh ve-VERB" = continues to VERB)
*German linguistic terminology: invented by Edna? The standard terms are:
**''affection'' not ''umlaut''
**''apophony'' not ''ablaut''
**''linguistic area'' not ''sprachbund''
**''lexical aspect'' not ''aktionsart''
**''case stacking'' not ''suffixaufnahme''
**''place of origin'' not ''urheimat''
* ''futa'' (porn term) comes from [[Locrian]] ''fūtā'', from fū "growth" + -t-a (-t- is similar to "-ed" in English), from PIE bhuH "grow" + -t-eh2
==Orthography==
In-universe, English has a Latin-based deep orthography reflecting different diachronics than our English. By translation convention, this is rendered as our written English but with American and British spellings in free variation.
==Accents==
===Overview===
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style=""
! colspan="5" | Vowels
|-
! style="width: 100px;" | Feature  !!style="width: 250px;" | Pacific !! style="width: 250px;" | Welvington !! style="width: 250px;" | Standard European !! style="width: 250px;" | Polish
|-
! KIT
| ɪ~ɪ̈ || ɪ || ɪ || ɪ
|-
! DRESS
| ɛ || ɛ || ɛ || ɛ
|-
! TRAP
| a || æ (Hungarian ''e''); eə (before /m n/ in a closed syllable) || a || a
|-
! BATH (the BATH lexical set is same as RP)
| a || eə; a: only in ''aunt'' and ''can't'' || a || a
|-
! LOT
| ɔ~ɒ; || ɔ~ɒ (Hungarian ''a''); CLOTH for younger speakers goes here || ɑ; CLOTH goes here || ɔ; CLOTH goes here
|-
! STRUT
| ɜ̟~ɐ || ʌ~ɤ || ə || ə
|-
! FOOT
| ʊ̈~ɘ || ʊ || ʊ || ɪ
|-
! FLEECE
| iː || ɪj; iʝ (reinforced) || iː || ej
|-
! FACE
| eɪ || ɛɪ; ɪj (reinforced) || eɪ || aj
|-
! PRICE
| aɪ || ɑɪ, ʌɪ (reinforced) || əɪ || aː
|-
! CHOICE
| oɪ || oɪ, ʊɪ (reinforced) || ɒɪ || ɔj
|-
! MOUTH
| ɑʊ || ɶ̝ː~œː~œə || ɑʊ || oː~ou
|-
! GOAT
| oʊ, ɔʊ~ɒʊ before [ɫ] || ɛʊ~əʊ, oʊ before [ɫ] || ø: || ɔj
|-
! GOOSE
| üw,  uː before [ɫ] || üw,  uː before [ɫ] || y: || iː
|-
! PALM
| aː || äː(ɹ)~aː(ɹ) (Hungarian ''á'')  || ɒː || aː
|-
! THOUGHT
| ɔː~ɒː || oə(ɹ); advanced oː(ɹ); CLOTH for older speakers goes here || ɒː || uː
|-
! NEAR
| ɪɚ || iə(ɹ)~ɪə(ɹ) || iɚ || iʀ
|-
! SQUARE
| ɛɚ || eə(ɹ)~ɛə(ɹ) || eɚ || ejʀ
|-
! NURSE
| ɚː || əː(ɹ) || ɚ || fern = ɛʀ, fir = ɪʀ, fur = əʀ
|-
! START
| ɑɚ || äː(ɹ)~aː(ɹ) (Hungarian ''á'') || aɚ~äɚ || aʀ
|-
! NORTH
| oɚ || oə(ɹ)  advanced oː(ɹ) || ɔɚ || ɔʀ
|-
! FORCE
| oɚ || oə(ɹ) advanced oː(ɹ) || œɚ || ɔjʀ
|-
! POOR
| uɚ || oə(ɹ) advanced oː(ɹ) || uɚ || uʀ
|-
! CURE
| juɚ~jɚː || jəː(ɹ)~jɜː(ɹ)~joə(ɹ) || juɚ || juʀ
|-
! commA
| ə || ə(ɹ) || ə || ə
|-
! lettER
| ɚ || ə(ɹ) || ɚ || əʀ
|-
! happY
| iː~ɪj || i || i || i
|-
! colspan="5" | Other phenomena
|-
! style="width: 100px;" | Feature !! style="width: 250px;" | Pacific !! style="width: 250px;" | Welvington !! style="width: 250px;" | Standard European !! style="width: 250px;" | Polish
|-
! Rhoticity
| Fully rhotic || Nonrhotic with intrusive R || Fully rhotic with postalveolar and retroflex R || Uvular R, no fern-fir-fur merger
|-
! Dark L
| Only when non-prevocalic; vocalized L is [w] || Always; broad Welvington vocalized L is a uvular approximant || Never || Never
|-
! /θ ð/
| [θ ð] || Often [t̪ d̪] || As in Irish English || Initially stops /t d/; otherwise retracted slit fricatives [ʂ ʐ]
|-
! Aspiration of voiceless stops and t/d-tapping
| As in AmE || As in AmE || As in BrE || Never
|-
! Reinforcement
| None || Philly-reinforcement before voiceless consonants || None || None
|-
! Wine-whine merger
| Present || Optional || Absent || Present
|}
===Welvington===
This is Edna's native accent.
The city name is pronounced "Wungton" [wʌŋʔn̩] by locals; it's nicknamed the "Womb of the Nation [Federation]"
Since the breakup of the Federation, the accent has been enjoying a resurgence among the younger generation.
====Vocabulary====
Stereotypical Boston words like "wicked" and "pissa"
====Phonology====
Philly + Boston; should inspire Shalaian and Netagin. It is meant to be RP in ways that the Pacific accent is not. Intonation is similar to American.
*MOUTH is monophthongized to [ɶ̝ː], sometimes with a MOUTH-START merger to /aː~æː/.
*-ing becomes -in' in casual speech; th-stopping to [t̪] and [d̪]
*(Ph) Philly L (/l/ becomes a pharyngealized nasalized uvular approximant)
*(~Ph, ~RP) Philly-style reinforcement before voiceless consonants; i.e. generalized Canadain-raising-esque effects
**When the consonant is voiceless, the nucleus is shortened consonant is lengthened: ''face'' [fɪjsˑ]
**Otherwise this does not happen: ''fame'' [fɛˑɪm]
*(B, RP) non-rhotic
*(Ph, B, RP) Few or no mergers before prevocalic /r/
*(Ph, ~B, ~RP) Philly short-A system; lax A = [æ], tense A = [eə~ɛə]
*(Ph, RP) GOAT = [əʊ]; GOOSE = [üw]
*(~Ph, ~RP) LOT = [ɑ], THOUGHT = NORTH = FORCE = POOR = [oə~ɔə]
*(B, ~RP) START = [ä]
*SQUARE (= tense A) = [eə~ɛə]
*NEAR = [iə~ɪə]
*NURSE = [əː]
*wine-whine distinction is optional
*A 3-way distinction of Mary [meəɹi], merry [mɛɹi~mɤɹi], marry [mæɹi], unlike Pacific English
*hurry [hɤɹi], furry [fəːɹi]
*orange [ɑɹɪndʒ]
*mirror [mɪɹə(ɹ)] != nearer [niəɹə(ɹ)]
*/iːg/ > /ɪg/, /eɪg/ > /ɛg/ in many words
*/θ ð/ are commonly [t̪ d̪].
*"aunt" and "can't" use /a:/.
*wine-whine merger absent
*CLOTH = LOT, not THOUGHT
====Sample (Broad Welvington)====
oəʟ hjüwmən bɪjɪnz ə boən fɹɪj ən iʝkˑwəʟ ɪn dɪgnɪɾɪj ən ɹʌɪʔˑs. d̪eɪ əɹ ɪndœːd wɪd ɹɪjzn ən kɒnʃns, ən ʃəd ækt toədz wɤn ənɤd̪əɹ ɪn ə spɪɹɪɾ əv bɾɤd̪əhəd.
pliʝˑs koəʟ stɛʟə. eəsk ə ɾə bɹɪŋ d̪is t̪ɪŋz wɪd̪ ə fɹəm d̪ə stoə. sɪks spüwnz əf fɹɛʃˑ snəʊ pɪjz, fɑɪf t̪ɪkˑ sʟæbz əv blüw tʃɪjz, ən mɛɪbɪj ə snæk fəɹ ə bɹʌðə bɑˑb. wɪj oəʟsə nɪjɾ ə smoəʟ pʟæstɪk snɪjkˑ ən ə bɪg toɪ fɹoəg fə d̪ə kɪdz. ʃi kən sküwpˑ d̪is t̪ɪŋz ɪɾ̃ə t̪ɾɪj ɹɛd bægz, ən wiʟ gə miʝɾ ə wɛnsdɛɪ æʔ t̪ə tɹɛɪn stɪjʃˑən.
====Sample (Cultivated Welvington)====
oːɫ hjüwmən bɪjɪŋz ə boːn fɹɪj ən iʝkˑwəl ɪn dɪgnɪɾɪj ən ɹɑɪʔˑs. ðeɪ əɹ ɪndæʊd wɪð ɹɪjzn ən kɒnʃns, ən ʃəd æk toːdz wɜn ənɜðəɹ ɪn ə spɪɹɪɾ əv bɾɜðəhəd.
plɪjs koːʟ stɛlə. ask ə ɾə bɹɪŋ ðɪjs θɪŋz wɪð ə fɹəm ðə stoː. sɪks spüwnz əf fɹɛʃˑ snəʊ pɪjz, fɑɪf θɪkˑ slæbz əv blüw tʃɪjz, ən mɛɪbɪj ə snæk fəɹ ə bɹʌðə bɒb. wɪj oːɫsə nɪjɾ ə smoːɫ plæstɪk snɪjkˑ ən ə bɪg toɪ fɹɒg fə ðə kɪdz. ʃi kən sküwp ðɪjs θɪŋz ɪɾ̃ə θɾɪj ɹɛd bɛɪgz, ən wiʟ gə miʝɾ ə wɛnsdɛɪ æʔ θə tɹɛɪn stɪjʃˑən.
===Pacific===
Same as our American accent
===Standard European===
The classical singing accent for English is based on Standard European English, with r always trilled [r] and l always clear [l]. The wine-whine merger is absent.
Much more dialectal diversity in Switzerland and Bavaria (like in our German; they are sometimes considered separate languages)
===Polish===
"Poylish", spoken in Poland
Inspired by Polish Yiddish and Hiberno-English
====Sample====
uːl hiːmən biːnz əʀ bɔʀn fʀej ən ejkwəl in digniʂi ən ʀaːʂs. dej aʀ indɔud wid ʀejzn ən kɔnʃns ən ʃəd akt toʀdz wən ənəʐəʀ in ə spiʀiʂ əv bʀəʐəʀhəd
plejs kuːl stɛlə. ask əʀ tə bʀiŋg dis tiŋgz wɪʐ əʀ fʀəm də stɔʀ. siks spiːnz əf fʀɛʃ snɔj pejz, faːf tik slabz əv bliː tʃejz, ən mejbi ə snak fəʀ əʀ bʀəʐəʀ bɔb. wi uːlsɔj nejd ə smuːl plastik snajk ən ə big tɔj fʀɔg fəʀ də kidz. ʃi kn skiːp dis tiŋgz intə tʀej ʀɛd bagz, ən wiːl gɔj mejʂ əʀ wɛnzdej at də tʀajn stajʃn.

Latest revision as of 01:03, 10 May 2023

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