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{{construction}}
'''Amphirese''' (''amphirifh'' /amphiriv/) is a major [[Talmic]] language descended from [[Tigol]], inspired by Ancient Greek, Korean, Etruscan, Romani, and the Slavic languages. Compared to [[Eevo]], it has a relatively conservative verb system. On the planet of [[Verse:Tricin|Tricin]] ({{SUBPAGENAME}}: ''i Smaouch'' /i smaukh/), it is an analogue of German in terms of influence. {{SUBPAGENAME}} is the official language of the Talman nation [[Verse:Tricin/Amphir|Amphir]] and of former colonies in Cualuav and Txapoalli; after [[Eevo]], it is the second-largest Talmic language in terms of number of speakers, though most modern speakers know Eevo. Like most modern Talmic languages, {{SUBPAGENAME}} is a descendant of [[Thensarian]]. Like with German, there is a Standard {{SUBPAGENAME}} and various regiolects.


Thanks in large part to the printing press, Modern {{SUBPAGENAME}} rapidly gained prominence over a larger area in Northern Talma and came to serve as a lingua franca for northern mainland Talma. Today, {{SUBPAGENAME}} still enjoys status as a "cultured" language and is one of the most widely taught foreign languages.
{{Infobox language
==External history==
|image =  
Amphirese began as ''Tíogall'', which was a thought experiment posing the question "What would Irish look like with umlaut instead of palatalization?". For a while it developed as an Irish-German hybrid. At one point I decided to remove all "giblangs" from modern Tricin, or languages with the aesthetics of one natlang (unless the premise was funny, like [[Bhlaoighne]] or [[Clofabosin]]). Since Tíogall was basically an Irish with German characteristics, it was abandoned. I still felt that Talmic languages needed somewhat more internal diversity (in particular, a "German" analogue to Eevo's "English"), so I decided to revive this project as "Anvyrese" or "Anvirese". One thing that was still nagging me was that the grammar was still too German for a country with a Germany-like history, so I decided to swap a minority Tigolic language "Tumaka" with "Anvirese", and this is the result.
|imagesize =  
==Todo==
|creator = [[User:IlL|IlL]]
*Numbers: cefh, tzath, nusch, doiph, solitzh, ...
|name = {{PAGENAME}}
*Swadesh list
|nativename = Anbir² snalltjeongen¹
*Tigol > Amphirese sound changes
|pronunciation=
**How do syllabic resonants arise?
|setting=[[Verse:Angai]]
**e.g. imm- > syllabic nasal
|region =  
**car > cr 'person'
|fam1=Anbiric
**mh > fh
|familycolor=tsn
*Less rhymes than in Eevo or Anvirese, so poetry should be based on something else
|notice=IPA
*''gysph'' = narrow
}}
<!--
plus, amphirese has "accusativus in infinitivo"!
le could be omitted before indefinite nouns in modern amphirese
but scutzis always used it
that's one way of distinguishing archaic from modern amphirese
another could be the use of the pronoun 'fiar'
which in modern amphirese was completely replaced with 'scid'
ci-ephyth = of that
ci-leth = that (acc.)
ci-dzeth = in that; there
mi-, ci-, ta-, ri-compounds: this, that, what, which
in that house = ci-dzen suar
or "dze ci suar"
both are valid
the first being more archaic
-->


==Phonology==
Anglo-Swedo-Icelando-Sino-Korean jokelang; include a xenic layer from a Pama-Nyungan-like language Dårle
===Consonants===
 
*c g ch ŋ /k g kʰ ŋ/
milveol1 'bear'
*t d th n /t d tʰ n/
 
*tz dz tzh /ts dz tsʰ/
þik1 ’to exist; (with subject) to have’
*p b ph m /p b pʰ m/
 
*f fh s sh (ś) (š) h /f v~fʰ s z~sʰ ç ɕ h/
Use "Fljeongmjeongths" somewhere
*r l i /r L j/
 
hjeonn1 'to bid/try', hjeoll2 'sea'
 
Am2 hjeonn1 snall1 Anbirjeong2 'I am tryign to speak Anbirese-ly'
 
Hjeondae iltaren 'Hyundai cars'


At word-final position, the voicing distinction in unaspirated plosives is lost, and unaspirated plosives are unreleased.
Andaegol


Some consonants can be syllabic, namely ''m n ŋ l r''.
Mjeolnir 'big hammer' -- hammer that periodically destroys the world (Sino-Korean myeol 'to wipe out') in Anbirese mythology?


===Vowels===
Mjeolbon 'Melbourne'
i u ou e y a o /i ü u e ə a o/


Probably needs some diphthongs
brjedjeong


===Stress===
sjeong - sky, skjeong - to clean
Stress is always initial.
===Prosody===
{{SUBPAGENAME}} has a distinctive intonation paradigm. It originates from discursive uptalk in older stages of the language, which has since generalized to all declarative sentences. A few accents, such as the Tummaka accent, do not use this pattern.
*In declarative sentences, the stressed syllable of the focus word (if there is no focused constituent, the last word) has a lower pitch than the immediately preceding syllable. ("...mid ꜜ LOW mid...")
*In interrogative sentences, the stressed syllable of the focus word has a higher pitch than the syllable immediately before. ("... mid ꜛ HIGH mid ... ?")
*In exclamations, the stressed syllable starts low and receives a rising intonation ("... mid ꜜ LOW-HIGH mid ... !"), possibly with a gradual drop to low pitch in the end. Angry or indignant questions also use an exclamatory intonation.


==Morphology==
Daerjeong-eup: town located where our timeline's Dwellingup is
===Mutations===
Unlike [[Tigol]], Tumaka has no mutation; instead, former feminine nouns often begin in an aspirated consonant, as a result of lenition after the definite article. (cf. [[Eevo]], where former feminine nouns begin in different consonants than former masculine nouns.)


===Nouns===
Final stops have a distinction between nasally released vs. unreleased (-mm -nn -nng vs. -p -t -k)
Nouns only have two states (absolute and construct) and two numbers (singular and plural). The usual affixes are:
*plural absolute: ''-r''
*singular construct: ''-(y)th''
*plural construct: ''-(y)ph''


e.g. ''cythr'' 'flower', ''cythryr'' 'flowers'; ''chyfhn'' 'woman', ''chyfhnyr'' 'women'.
stje /ɕé/ 'money'
skjö /skjœ̂/ 'rope'


The definite article is always ''i'', or ''in'' before a V or after a preposition.
'll need some Swedish/English-y forms like e.g. tjeolla (my), tjeolls (3sg's), tjeollen (sg. construct), tjeollar (thy), tjeollths (3pl's)


Possessive suffixes: mar-na, mar-es, mar-u, mar-i, mar-yth
Maybe tjeolli or tjeollu for pl construct
mar-yfh, mar-fe, mar-yc, mar-ur (or mar-thur)


Plural: mar-ph-yna, mar-ph-es, mar-ph-u, mar-ph-i, ...
Possessive suffixes should be easy to get, fortunately


''i marna'' = my tree
Though they might induce final changes like tjeoll becoming tjeol


''i cythr sufhn-yna'' = my beautiful flower
stjanng /ɕâk̚ŋ̊/ 'color', sjeong-stjangen /ɧʌ̂ŋɕáŋèn/ 'sky blue'


===Adjectives===
== Proto-Anbiric ==
Adjectives do not inflect at all.
Have vowel length
===Verbs===
Tumaka verbs have two tenses (nonpast and past) and two aspects (imperfective and perfective). The imperfective-perfective distinction is characterized by the absolute-conjunct allomorphy inherited from [[Tigol]]: As in Slavic languages, the perfective form is often formed by adding a prefix, which causes the verb stem to take the conjunct form. Most Tumaka verbs thus have two principal parts: imperfective and perfective.


An example of the aspect allomorphy:
-ŭs suffix (''-ur'' in [[Twetho]]; final fortition in Anbirese)


*'to tell': imperfective ''boŋi'', perfective ''smŋi''
==Phonology==
*'to eat': imperfective ''dzecai'', perfective ''ŋcu''
===Initials===
Simple initials:
*'''k g''' /k{{h}} k/
*'''tj/þj dj nj''' /tɕ{{h}} tɕ ɲ/
*'''t d þ n''' /t{{h}} t θ n/
*'''p b f v m''' /p{{h}} p f v~w m/
*'''s sj stj h''' /s ɧ ɕ h/
*'''r l j''' /ɾ l j/


Past tense: usually ''-n'' (can be syllabic)
[w] is an allophone of hard /v/ after consonants.


*'to tell': imperfective ''boŋin'', perfective ''smŋin''
/t d tʰ s n/ are dental(ized).
*'to eat': imperfective ''dzecain'', perfective ''ŋcun''


===Pronouns===
Initial clusters: '''(s)kj gj (s)pj bj fj (s)mj rj (s)lj snj hj (s)kr gr kl gl kn hn hnj hl hlj hr hrj fr fl br bl (s)tr dr krj grj klj glj frj flj brj blj (s)trj drj knj'''
na, scid, fou, si, mech, tid, scid, thar


===Prepositions===
===Nuclei===
*le = accusative (le + i > len) (only used with definite nouns in modern Amphirese)
Anbirese has 7 vowel phonemes. ''ni ti thi ki di gi'' are read as ''nji tji thji kji dji gji''.
**''le-na, le-s, l-u, l-i, l-eth''...
*dze = in, at (dze + i > dzen)
**''dze-na, dze-s, dz-u, dz-i, dz-eth, dze-fh, ...''
*eph = to, for
**''ephna, ephes, ephu, ephi, epheth, ephyfh, efe, ephyc, ephur''
===Conjunctions===


{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
|-
! rowspan="2" |
! colspan="2" |Front
! rowspan="2" |Central
! rowspan="2" |Back
|-
! style="width: 45px; " |<small>unrounded</small>
! style="width: 45px; " |<small>rounded</small>
|-
! style="" |Close
| '''i''' /i/
| '''u''' /ü/
| '''eu''' [ɨ]
| '''o''' /o~u/
|-
! style="" |Mid
| '''ae, e''' /e̞/
| '''ö''' /ø~œ/
| '''eo''' [ə]
| '''eo''' /ʌ~ɔ/
|-
! style="" |Open
|
|
| '''a''' /ɐ/
|
|}
=== Finals ===
'''p d k s l r m n ng mm nn nng ll rr þ''' /p(unreleased) ð{{lowered}} k(unreleased) s l r m n ŋ pm(voiceless) tn(voiceless) kŋ(voiceless) ɬ r(voiceless) θ/ + some Germanicy clusters like -nd, -ld, -llt, ...


[[Category:Tricin]]
=== Tone ===
Like Swedish, Anbirese has two tones/pitch accents. In monosyllables, tone 2 is realized as glottalization; in polysyllabic words, the two tones are realized as Swedish tones 1 and 2.

Latest revision as of 00:33, 24 June 2025

Mwail/Anbirese
Anbir² snalltjeongen¹
Created byIlL
SettingVerse:Angai
Anbiric
  • Mwail/Anbirese
This article contains IPA phonetic symbols. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of Unicode characters. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see Help:IPA.

Anglo-Swedo-Icelando-Sino-Korean jokelang; include a xenic layer from a Pama-Nyungan-like language Dårle

milveol1 'bear'

þik1 ’to exist; (with subject) to have’

Use "Fljeongmjeongths" somewhere

hjeonn1 'to bid/try', hjeoll2 'sea'

Am2 hjeonn1 snall1 Anbirjeong2 'I am tryign to speak Anbirese-ly'

Hjeondae iltaren 'Hyundai cars'

Andaegol

Mjeolnir 'big hammer' -- hammer that periodically destroys the world (Sino-Korean myeol 'to wipe out') in Anbirese mythology?

Mjeolbon 'Melbourne'

brjedjeong

sjeong - sky, skjeong - to clean

Daerjeong-eup: town located where our timeline's Dwellingup is

Final stops have a distinction between nasally released vs. unreleased (-mm -nn -nng vs. -p -t -k)

stje /ɕé/ 'money' skjö /skjœ̂/ 'rope'

'll need some Swedish/English-y forms like e.g. tjeolla (my), tjeolls (3sg's), tjeollen (sg. construct), tjeollar (thy), tjeollths (3pl's)

Maybe tjeolli or tjeollu for pl construct

Possessive suffixes should be easy to get, fortunately

Though they might induce final changes like tjeoll becoming tjeol

stjanng /ɕâk̚ŋ̊/ 'color', sjeong-stjangen /ɧʌ̂ŋɕáŋèn/ 'sky blue'

Proto-Anbiric

Have vowel length

-ŭs suffix (-ur in Twetho; final fortition in Anbirese)

Phonology

Initials

Simple initials:

  • k g /kʰ k/
  • tj/þj dj nj /tɕʰ tɕ ɲ/
  • t d þ n /tʰ t θ n/
  • p b f v m /pʰ p f v~w m/
  • s sj stj h /s ɧ ɕ h/
  • r l j /ɾ l j/

[w] is an allophone of hard /v/ after consonants.

/t d tʰ s n/ are dental(ized).

Initial clusters: (s)kj gj (s)pj bj fj (s)mj rj (s)lj snj hj (s)kr gr kl gl kn hn hnj hl hlj hr hrj fr fl br bl (s)tr dr krj grj klj glj frj flj brj blj (s)trj drj knj

Nuclei

Anbirese has 7 vowel phonemes. ni ti thi ki di gi are read as nji tji thji kji dji gji.

Front Central Back
unrounded rounded
Close i /i/ u /ü/ eu [ɨ] o /o~u/
Mid ae, e /e̞/ ö /ø~œ/ eo [ə] eo /ʌ~ɔ/
Open a /ɐ/

Finals

p d k s l r m n ng mm nn nng ll rr þ /p(unreleased) ð̞ k(unreleased) s l r m n ŋ pm(voiceless) tn(voiceless) kŋ(voiceless) ɬ r(voiceless) θ/ + some Germanicy clusters like -nd, -ld, -llt, ...

Tone

Like Swedish, Anbirese has two tones/pitch accents. In monosyllables, tone 2 is realized as glottalization; in polysyllabic words, the two tones are realized as Swedish tones 1 and 2.

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