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[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}/Wordlist]]<br/>
[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}/Swadesh list]]<br/>
[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}/Names]]<br/>


'''Amphirese''' (''amphirifh'' /amphiriv/) is a major [[Talmic]] language descended from [[Tigol]], inspired by Ancient Greek, Sino-Korean, Etruscan, Romani, and the Slavic languages. Compared to [[Eevo]], it has a relatively conservative verb system. On the planet of [[Verse:Tricin|Tricin]] ({{SUBPAGENAME}}: ''i Smaouch'' /i smaukh/), it is an analogue of German in terms of influence. {{SUBPAGENAME}} is the official language of the Talman nation [[Verse:Tricin/Amphir|Amphir]] and of former colonies in Cualuav and Txapoalli; after [[Eevo]], it is the second-largest Talmic language in terms of number of speakers, though most modern Amphirese speakers know Eevo. Like most modern Talmic languages, {{SUBPAGENAME}} is a descendant of [[Thensarian]]. Like with German, there is a Standard {{SUBPAGENAME}} and various regiolects.
{{Infobox language
|image =
|imagesize =
|creator = [[User:IlL|IlL]]
|name = {{PAGENAME}}
|nativename = Anbir² snalltjeongen¹
|pronunciation=
|setting=[[Verse:Angai]]
|region =
|fam1=Anbiric
|familycolor=tsn
|notice=IPA
}}


Thanks in large part to the printing press, Modern {{SUBPAGENAME}} rapidly gained prominence over a larger area in Northern Talma and came to serve as a lingua franca for northern mainland Talma. Today, {{SUBPAGENAME}} still enjoys status as a "cultured" language and is one of the most widely taught foreign languages.
Anglo-Swedo-Icelando-Sino-Korean jokelang; include a xenic layer from a Pama-Nyungan-like language Dårle
==External history==
Amphirese began as ''Tíogall'', which was a thought experiment posing the question "What would Irish look like with umlaut instead of palatalization?". For a while it developed as an Irish-German hybrid. At one point I decided to remove all "giblangs" from modern Tricin, or languages with the aesthetics of one natlang (unless the premise was funny, like [[Bhlaoighne]] or [[Clofabosin]]). Since Tíogall was basically an Irish with German characteristics, it was abandoned. I still felt that Talmic languages needed somewhat more internal diversity (in particular, a "German" analogue to Eevo's "English"), so I decided to revive this project as "Anvyrese" or "Anvirese". One thing that was still nagging me was that the grammar was still too German for a country with a Germany-like history, so I decided to swap a minority Tigolic language "Tumaka" with "Anvirese", and this is the result.
==Todo==
*Numbers: ciafh, tzyth, nesch, doiph, solitzh, ...
*Swadesh list
*Tigol > Amphirese sound changes
**How do syllabic resonants arise?
**e.g. imm- > syllabic nasal
**car > cr 'person'
**mh > fh
*''gysph'' = narrow
*Some dialects are more Sino-Koreanish (more broad slender)
**a e i o u > y jy ji u u
**ai ei oi ui > e ji e i
**á éa í(o) ó ú > a je ji o ou
**ái éi ói úi éu > ai ji oi oui jaou
**eá eó eói iú iúi > ja jo joi jou joui
**ae ao aoi > e aou oi
**ia ua uai > jia oua oui
**jV changes the ''t'' series to the ''tz'' series - leaves other consonants unchanged in standard Amphirese
<poem>
plus, amphirese has "accusativus in infinitivo"!
le could be omitted before indefinite nouns in modern amphirese
but scutzis always used it
that's one way of distinguishing archaic from modern amphirese
another could be the use of the pronoun 'fiar'
which in modern amphirese was completely replaced with 'scid'
ca-ephyth = of that
ca-leth = that (acc.)
ca-dzeth = in that; there
ma-, ca-, ta-, m-compounds: this, that, what, which
in that house = ca-dzen souar
or "dze cin souar"
both are valid
the first being more archaic
</poem>
a verbalizer like ''-ować''


==Phonology==
milveol1 'bear'
===Consonants===
*c g ch ŋ /k g kʰ ŋ/
*t d th n /t d tʰ n/
*tz dz tzh /ts dz tsʰ/
*p b ph m /p b pʰ m/
*f fh s sh (ś) (š) h /f v~fʰ s z~sʰ ç ɕ h/
*r l j /r ɴ̆ j/


At word-final position, the voicing distinction in unaspirated plosives is lost, and unaspirated plosives are unreleased.
þik1 ’to exist; (with subject) to have’


Some consonants can be syllabic, namely ''m n ŋ l r''.
Use "Fljeongmjeongths" somewhere


===Vowels===
hjeonn1 'to bid/try', hjeoll2 'sea'
i u ou e y a o /i ü u e ə a o/


Diphthongs: ai aou eou oi oui ia oua
Am2 hjeonn1 snall1 Anbirjeong2 'I am tryign to speak Anbirese-ly'


===Stress===
Hjeondae iltaren 'Hyundai cars'
Stress is always initial.
===Prosody===
{{SUBPAGENAME}} has a distinctive intonation paradigm. It originates from discursive uptalk in older stages of the language, which has since generalized to all declarative sentences. A few accents, such as the Thumaca accent, do not use this pattern.
*In declarative sentences, the stressed syllable of the focus word (if there is no focused constituent, the last word) has a lower pitch than the immediately preceding syllable. ("...mid ꜜ LOW mid...")
*In interrogative sentences, the stressed syllable of the focus word has a higher pitch than the syllable immediately before. ("... mid ꜛ HIGH mid ... ?")
*In exclamations, the stressed syllable starts low and receives a rising intonation ("... mid ꜜ LOW-HIGH mid ... !"), possibly with a gradual drop to low pitch in the end. Angry or indignant questions also use an exclamatory intonation.


==Morphology==
Andaegol
===Mutations===
Unlike [[Tigol]], Tumaka has no mutation; instead, former feminine nouns often begin in an aspirated consonant, as a result of lenition after the definite article. (cf. [[Eevo]], where former feminine nouns begin in different consonants than former masculine nouns.)


===Nouns===
Mjeolnir 'big hammer' -- hammer that periodically destroys the world (Sino-Korean myeol 'to wipe out') in Anbirese mythology?
Nouns only have two states (absolute and construct) and two numbers (singular and plural).  The usual affixes are:
*plural absolute: ''-r''
*singular construct: ''-(y)th''
*plural construct: ''-(y)ph''


e.g. ''cythr'' 'flower', ''cythryr'' 'flowers'; ''chyfhn'' 'woman', ''chyfhnyr'' 'women'.
Mjeolbon 'Melbourne'


The definite article is always ''i'', or ''in'' before a V or after a preposition.
brjedjeong


Possessive suffixes: mar-na, mar-es, mar-ou, mar-i, mar-yth, mar-ym, mar-fe, mar-yc, mar-ur (or mar-thur)
sjeong - sky, skjeong - to clean


Plural: mar-ph-yna, mar-ph-es, mar-ph-ou, mar-ph-i, ...
Daerjeong-eup: town located where our timeline's Dwellingup is


''i marna'' = my tree
Final stops have a distinction between nasally released vs. unreleased (-mm -nn -nng vs. -p -t -k)


''i cythr sufhn-yna'' = my beautiful flower
stje /ɕé/ 'money'
skjö /skjœ̂/ 'rope'


===Adjectives===
'll need some Swedish/English-y forms like e.g. tjeolla (my), tjeolls (3sg's), tjeollen (sg. construct), tjeollar (thy), tjeollths (3pl's)
Adjectives do not inflect at all.


Adverbs derived from adjectives are unchanged (as in German).
Maybe tjeolli or tjeollu for pl construct


===Verbs===
Possessive suffixes should be easy to get, fortunately
Tumaka verbs have two tenses (nonpast and past) and two aspects (imperfective and perfective). The imperfective-perfective distinction is characterized by the absolute-conjunct allomorphy inherited from [[Tigol]]: As in Slavic languages, the perfective form is often formed by adding a prefix, which causes the verb stem to take the conjunct form. Most Tumaka verbs thus have two principal parts: imperfective and perfective.


An example of the aspect allomorphy:
Though they might induce final changes like tjeoll becoming tjeol


*'to tell': imperfective ''boŋi'', perfective ''smŋi''
stjanng /ɕâk̚ŋ̊/ 'color', sjeong-stjangen /ɧʌ̂ŋɕáŋèn/ 'sky blue'
*'to eat': imperfective ''dzecai'', perfective ''ŋci''


Past tense: usually ''-n'' (can be syllabic)
== Proto-Anbiric ==
Have vowel length


*'to tell': imperfective ''boŋin'', perfective ''smŋin''
-ŭs suffix (''-ur'' in [[Twetho]]; final fortition in Anbirese)
*'to eat': imperfective ''dzecain'', perfective ''ŋcin''


===Copula===
==Phonology==
Amphirese is zero copula in the present tense; ''fou'', ''si'', ''jy'' and ''thar'' can be used as present tense copulas.
===Initials===
 
Simple initials:
The past tense copula is ''lathn'' and the infinitive is ''fath''.
*'''k g''' /k{{h}} k/
 
*'''tj/þj dj nj''' /tɕ{{h}} tɕ ɲ/
===Pronouns===
*'''t d þ n''' /t{{h}} t θ n/
na, scid, fou, si, jy, mech, tid, scid, thar = I, you, he, she, it, we (exc), we (inc), you, they
*'''p b f v m''' /p{{h}} p f v~w m/
 
*'''s sj stj h''' /s ɧ ɕ h/
===Prepositions===
*'''r l j''' /ɾ l j/
*le = accusative (le + i > len) (only used with definite nouns in modern Amphirese)
**''le-na, le-s, l-ou, l-i, l-eth''...
*dze = in, at (dze + i > dzen)
**''dze-na, dze-s, dz-ou, dz-i, dz-eth, dze-m, ...''
*eph = to, for
**''ephna, ephes, ephou, ephi, epheth, ephym, efe, ephyc, ephur''


===Conjunctions===
[w] is an allophone of hard /v/ after consonants.
==Syntax==
Amphirese is particularly rich in non-finite subordinate clause constructions, which may be used when English uses subordinate clauses with finite verbs.
===Word order===
Amphirese word order is primarily SVO, but may be VSO in more archaic or literary usage.


===Accusative with infinitive===
/t d tʰ s n/ are dental(ized).
The accusative particle ''le'' can be used to introduce the subject of a dependent clause. The verb of the dependent clause is preceded by the particle ''e'' 'to'.


:'''''Na docn le mrothr e slafh eph Intar.'''''
Initial clusters: '''(s)kj gj (s)pj bj fj (s)mj rj (s)lj snj hj (s)kr gr kl gl kn hn hnj hl hlj hr hrj fr fl br bl (s)tr dr krj grj klj glj frj flj brj blj (s)trj drj knj'''
:1SG think.IPFV ACC apple-PL INF good to I.
:''I think Intar likes apples.''


===Preposition + verb clauses===
===Nuclei===
A preposition may be used with a verb followed by a possessive suffix indexing the subject, as in Hebrew and Irish.
Anbirese has 7 vowel phonemes. ''ni ti thi ki di gi'' are read as ''nji tji thji kji dji gji''.


An example with ''dze'' 'at':
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
:'''''dze argiarna ar i loichou'''''
|-
:at keep_watch.IPFV-1SG on DEF stuff-3SG.M
! rowspan="2" |
:''when I was keeping watch on his belongings''
! colspan="2" |Front
! rowspan="2" |Central
! rowspan="2" |Back
|-
! style="width: 45px; " |<small>unrounded</small>
! style="width: 45px; " |<small>rounded</small>
|-
! style="" |Close
| '''i''' /i/
| '''u''' /ü/
| '''eu''' [ɨ]
| '''o''' /o~u/
|-
! style="" |Mid
| '''ae, e''' /e̞/
| '''ö''' /ø~œ/
| '''eo''' [ə]
| '''eo''' /ʌ~ɔ/
|-
! style="" |Open
|
|
| '''a''' /ɐ/
|
|}
=== Finals ===
'''p d k s l r m n ng mm nn nng ll rr þ''' /p(unreleased) ð{{lowered}} k(unreleased) s l r m n ŋ pm(voiceless) tn(voiceless) kŋ(voiceless) ɬ r(voiceless) θ/ + some Germanicy clusters like -nd, -ld, -llt, ...


[[Category:Tricin]]
=== Tone ===
Like Swedish, Anbirese has two tones/pitch accents. In monosyllables, tone 2 is realized as glottalization; in polysyllabic words, the two tones are realized as Swedish tones 1 and 2.

Latest revision as of 00:33, 24 June 2025

Mwail/Anbirese
Anbir² snalltjeongen¹
Created byIlL
SettingVerse:Angai
Anbiric
  • Mwail/Anbirese
This article contains IPA phonetic symbols. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of Unicode characters. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see Help:IPA.

Anglo-Swedo-Icelando-Sino-Korean jokelang; include a xenic layer from a Pama-Nyungan-like language Dårle

milveol1 'bear'

þik1 ’to exist; (with subject) to have’

Use "Fljeongmjeongths" somewhere

hjeonn1 'to bid/try', hjeoll2 'sea'

Am2 hjeonn1 snall1 Anbirjeong2 'I am tryign to speak Anbirese-ly'

Hjeondae iltaren 'Hyundai cars'

Andaegol

Mjeolnir 'big hammer' -- hammer that periodically destroys the world (Sino-Korean myeol 'to wipe out') in Anbirese mythology?

Mjeolbon 'Melbourne'

brjedjeong

sjeong - sky, skjeong - to clean

Daerjeong-eup: town located where our timeline's Dwellingup is

Final stops have a distinction between nasally released vs. unreleased (-mm -nn -nng vs. -p -t -k)

stje /ɕé/ 'money' skjö /skjœ̂/ 'rope'

'll need some Swedish/English-y forms like e.g. tjeolla (my), tjeolls (3sg's), tjeollen (sg. construct), tjeollar (thy), tjeollths (3pl's)

Maybe tjeolli or tjeollu for pl construct

Possessive suffixes should be easy to get, fortunately

Though they might induce final changes like tjeoll becoming tjeol

stjanng /ɕâk̚ŋ̊/ 'color', sjeong-stjangen /ɧʌ̂ŋɕáŋèn/ 'sky blue'

Proto-Anbiric

Have vowel length

-ŭs suffix (-ur in Twetho; final fortition in Anbirese)

Phonology

Initials

Simple initials:

  • k g /kʰ k/
  • tj/þj dj nj /tɕʰ tɕ ɲ/
  • t d þ n /tʰ t θ n/
  • p b f v m /pʰ p f v~w m/
  • s sj stj h /s ɧ ɕ h/
  • r l j /ɾ l j/

[w] is an allophone of hard /v/ after consonants.

/t d tʰ s n/ are dental(ized).

Initial clusters: (s)kj gj (s)pj bj fj (s)mj rj (s)lj snj hj (s)kr gr kl gl kn hn hnj hl hlj hr hrj fr fl br bl (s)tr dr krj grj klj glj frj flj brj blj (s)trj drj knj

Nuclei

Anbirese has 7 vowel phonemes. ni ti thi ki di gi are read as nji tji thji kji dji gji.

Front Central Back
unrounded rounded
Close i /i/ u /ü/ eu [ɨ] o /o~u/
Mid ae, e /e̞/ ö /ø~œ/ eo [ə] eo /ʌ~ɔ/
Open a /ɐ/

Finals

p d k s l r m n ng mm nn nng ll rr þ /p(unreleased) ð̞ k(unreleased) s l r m n ŋ pm(voiceless) tn(voiceless) kŋ(voiceless) ɬ r(voiceless) θ/ + some Germanicy clusters like -nd, -ld, -llt, ...

Tone

Like Swedish, Anbirese has two tones/pitch accents. In monosyllables, tone 2 is realized as glottalization; in polysyllabic words, the two tones are realized as Swedish tones 1 and 2.

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