Verse:Mwail/Bjeheond: Difference between revisions

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'''Cuam''' (''CuamR'' /khuəm/ with rising tone) is an [[Verse:Irta|Irtan]] Southern Chinese/SEA language in the [[Cuam-Flei]] family; it has influenced the Scandinavian-inspired Irtan Chinese lect. Its loanwards are mainly from Chinese, Mon-Khmer and Far East Semitic. Cuam is official in Cuamland.
'''Bjeheond''' comprises Australia and New Zealand. In 2025, Australia was occupied by an ecofascist state, the Bjeheondian Commons (Anbirese: ''Bjeheond Geozhalli''), and New Zealand was a liberal democratic country which we call Philopolis in English.
 
Cuam is inspired by Irish, Thai and Hmong.
 
Cuam-Flei is believed to have come from the Middle East, and have undergone tonogenesis after incorporation in the Southeast Asian sprachbund. Some linguists connect the name Cuam to the PIE root *ķoy-m- via an old substrate language closely related to [[Azalic]], which would make it cognate with the word "home".
 
==Phonology==
Initials: all Irish single consonants plus prenasalized stops and sh(n/l/r)-; allow br dr gr fr cr tr bl dl gl fl cl tl; p- only occurs in borrowings; stops are +asp/-asp like in Scottish Gaelic
 
shm- is only used in so-called ''shm''-reduplication
 
Séimhiú should have different outcomes from Irish
 
In unmutated words, all Irish unmutated initials + séimhiúed initials are permissible
 
séimhiúed words can't séimhiú again, but when they get urúed it manifests as prenasalization:
 
* ''**CV-(initial) > (lexically séimhiúed initial)''
* ''**-n CV-(initial) > n:(initial) > nC (prenasalized initial)''
 
Vowels: all combos of +-pal x vowel allowed in Irish (assuming broad final)
 
Allowed finals: -b -d -g -idh (-j) -imh (nasalization + -j) -bh (-w) -mh (nasalization + -w) -m -n -il -r
 
Tones are essentially the same as in Thai. "Live syllables" (non-checked) have 5 possible tones: áM áL áF áH áR (mid low falling high rising, as in Thai). "Dead syllables" (open short vowel or stop final) have fewer possible tones.
 
== Orthography ==
Cuam uses a Far East Semitic-based abugida.
 
== Grammar ==
absolute state is sometimes a floating mutating morpheme that marks gender (marks absolute state, construct state doesn't mutate). Sometimes absolute state manifests as a separate preposed word or syllable which may or may not mutate the word itself. (absolute state comes from a preceding classifier)
 
1-10: leidh¹, nán², feó¹, tlud¹, daimh⁵, án², ciúr³, shnán², shleidh¹, faoil²
==Diachronics ==
Some "possible" syllables should be disallowed bc of historical sound change, like unasp stop initial + nasal coda + 2nd tone syllables in Mandarin
 
Before having mutations, Cuam had long, short and ultrashort vowels. Mutations come from preceding ultrashort syllables that are lost.
 
After Cuam gained mutations, it underwent the medieval Sinosphere register/tone split like most other languages in the Sinosphere, resulting in mutation depending on tone. Early Modern Cuam had a very complex system of mutations and tonal ablaut, which Modern Cuam simplified to a finite set of noun genders by analogy.
 
==== Tone diachronics ====
Middle Cuam (before the tone split) had 3 tones, like Middle Chinese, marked in the native script as unmarked, tone 1 and tone 2.
 
Consonant classes (séimhiú didn't change the consonant class while urú did)
* Mid: *k- series, glottal stop
* High: *kh- series, voiceless fricatives, shR-
* Low: *g- series, voiced fricatives, resonants
** g- series became kh- for tones 0, 1; g- for tone 2
 
{| class="wikitable"
|+Tone chart
!class
!ending
!unmarked (tone A)
!"mai ek" (tone B)
!"mai tho" (tone C)
|-
|mid
|dead
| style="background: #fa4" |low
| -
| style="background: #ff3" |fall
|-
|mid
|alive
| style="background: #f66" |mid
| style="background: #fa4" |low
| style="background: #ff3" |fall
|-
|high
|dead
| style="background: #fa4" |low
| -
| style="background: #ff3" |fall
|-
|high
|alive
| style="background: #6fc" |rise
| style="background: #fa4" |low
| style="background: #ff3" |fall
|-
|low
|dead (short vowel)
| style="background: #cfa" |high
| style="background: #ff3" |fall
| -
|-
|low
|dead (long vowel)
| style="background: #ff3" |fall
| -
| style="background: #cfa" |high
|-
|low
|alive
| style="background: #f66" |mid
| style="background: #ff3" |fall
| style="background: #cfa" |high
|-
|}

Latest revision as of 01:32, 24 June 2025

Bjeheond comprises Australia and New Zealand. In 2025, Australia was occupied by an ecofascist state, the Bjeheondian Commons (Anbirese: Bjeheond Geozhalli), and New Zealand was a liberal democratic country which we call Philopolis in English.

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