Verse:Mwail/Qocwane: Difference between revisions

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'''Qocwane''' (''Qocwanet vŷŷxxŷcê'') is the official language of Qocwane, located in our timeline's Hungary. It is inspired by Finnish, Wakashan languages, Salishan languages, and Nuosu.
'''Ciêng''' (''nă rhòb Chiểng'' from ''*nàs ròpàs cècéŋàs'') is a classical language of [[Verse:Méich Bhaonnáiqh]].


Inspirations: Vietnamese, Old Irish, Tiberian Hebrew, Maltese (and Hmong?)
== Phonology ==
== Phonology ==
p t c k kħ q = /p t k q {{qeth}} ʔ/; ph th ch kh ħ = /f θ x χ ħ/
=== Suprasegmentals ===
Qocwane prosody is almost the same as Finnish; stress always falls on the first syllable.
=== Consonants ===
* /m n l ʋ j w/ '''m n l v j w'''
* /p t ts tɬ k kʷ ʔ/ '''p t z x c cw q'''
* /f s ɬ x xʷ h/ '''f s ł ç çw h'''
/k x/ palatalize in words with ATR harmony and may uvularize in words with RTR harmony.


m n ng; mh nh ngh = /m n ŋ; v{{nas}} (lenis n) (lenis ŋ)/
'''mm nn ll vv jj ww pp tt zz xx cc ccw qq''' are the only allowed geminates in native words.


x s h = /ɬ ʃ h/
=== Vowels ===
Qocwane has 8 vowel qualities, all with vowel length.
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center"
!rowspan=2 colspan=2|
! scope="col" rowspan=2 | Front
! scope="col" colspan=2 | Non-front
|-
! scope="col" | <small>unrounded</small>
! scope="col" | <small>rounded</small>
|-
! scope="row" rowspan=2 | Syllabic<br />consonant
! scope="row" | <small>loose</small>
|
| z̩ '''ŷ'''
|
|-
! scope="row" | <small>tight</small>
|
| z̠̩ '''y'''
|
|-
! scope="row" | Close
! scope="row" | <small>loose</small>
| i{{lowered}} '''ê'''
| ə{{adv}} '''â'''
| u{{lowered}} '''ô'''
|-
! Open-mid
! rowspan="2" |<small>tight</small>
| ɛ '''e'''
|
| ɔ '''o'''
|-
! scope="row" | Open
|
| ɑ '''a'''
|
|}


b ƀ đ d y g ǥ għ = /v pˁ tˁ ð y ɣ (Eevo L) ayin/
Qocwane has loose/tight vowel harmony:
* loose: '''ŷ ŵ ê â ô'''
* tight: '''y w e a o'''


r l /r l/
Diphthongs: '''ea êâ oa ôâ ae âê ao âô'''


i ê e a o ô u = /i e ɛ a ɔ o u/; ă = shva na; ĕ = ultrashort e; ie uo
'''â(â)''' /ə(:)/ is realized as [œ(:)] when stressed.


Ultrashort vowels cannot carry independent tones
''oa'' is often realized as [ɔ:]


tones: mid high low rising nga nang
<!--The syllabic consonants y(r) u(r) are essentially the usual Sinological vowels ɿ ʮ, so ⟨y⟩ can be identified with the vowel of the Mandarin 四 sì "four", but they have diverse realizations. Y(r) completely assimilates to a preceding coronal except in voice, e.g. /ɕz̩˨˩/ [ɕʑ̩˨˩] ꑮ xyp "to marry", and is [m͡l̩] after a labial nasal, e.g. /m̥z̩˧sz̩˧/ [m̥m͡l̩˧sɹ̩˧] ꂪꌦ hmy sy "cloth". U(r) assimilates similarly after laterals, retaining its rounding, e.g. /l̥v̩ʷ˧/ [l̥l̩ʷ˧] ꆭ hlu "to stir-fry", and is [m̩ʷ] after a labial nasal, e.g. /m̥v̩ʷ˧/ [m̥m̩ʷ˧] ꂥ hmu "mushroom"; moreover it induces a labially trilled release of preceding labial or alveolar stops, e.g. /ⁿdv̩ʷ˨˩/ [ⁿdʙβ̩˨˩] ꅥ ndup "to hit". -->
=== Mutations ===
# Lenition: m n ng p t c k kħ s v l r -> mh ng ngh b d y g għ h 0 l r
# L-coloring: m n ng p t c k kħ s v l r -> ƀ l ng ƀ đ ǥ ǥ għ x l l r
# Aspiration: m n ng p t c k kħ s v l r -> m n ng ph th ch kh ħ s ph x rh


== Proto-language ==
== Morphophonology ==
5 vowels: i e a o u, each syllable had high and low tones
Qocwane words participate in consonant gradation:


allowed syllables: CV, CVn, CVs, CVl (CVnC becomes CV(sokuon)C as in Hebrew)
strong -> weak
* geminates -> nongeminates
* p -> f
* f -> v
* t -> ł
* ł -> l
* z -> s
* s -> h
* x -> ł
* c -> ç
* cw -> çw
* ç -> j
* çw -> w
* q -> 0


Todo: Stress patterns for construct nouns and dependent verbs
== Grammar ==
 
Finnic-like
Consonants: m n ŋ p t c k q 2 s w l r y /m n ŋ p t k q{{adv}} q{{ret}} ʔ ʃ w l r j/
 
== Morphology ==
=== Nouns ===
=== Nouns ===
Nouns fall into 3 genders (not m/f/n) and have number (sg, du, pl), case (abs erg gen lat loc voc) and construct state independently. The locative is used with prepositions to indicate location and is the default prepositional case; when the lative is used the same prepositions indicate destination, and when the ergative is used they indicate "motion from".
8 to 10 cases, normal nom-acc alignment


the cst state unpredictable allomorph worse than TibH construct state
TODO
[weak grade]-l = nom pl
[weak grade]-t = gen sg


article nă + various mutations (also relativizer)


=== Adjectives ===
naaqe 'human’, naaet 'human-GEN’, naael 'human-PL'
Def adjectives take the def article (bc Hebrew)
=== Verbs ===
Old Irish-style independent-dependent verbal allomorphy, which includes tone changes (the proto-stage had level tones and was predominantly CV, with geminates, nC and sC clusters. tones in reduced syllables leave a mark on the stressed syllable, making tones more complex)

Latest revision as of 10:41, 24 June 2025

Qocwane (Qocwanet vŷŷxxŷcê) is the official language of Qocwane, located in our timeline's Hungary. It is inspired by Finnish, Wakashan languages, Salishan languages, and Nuosu.

Phonology

Suprasegmentals

Qocwane prosody is almost the same as Finnish; stress always falls on the first syllable.

Consonants

  • /m n l ʋ j w/ m n l v j w
  • /p t ts tɬ k kʷ ʔ/ p t z x c cw q
  • /f s ɬ x xʷ h/ f s ł ç çw h

/k x/ palatalize in words with ATR harmony and may uvularize in words with RTR harmony.

mm nn ll vv jj ww pp tt zz xx cc ccw qq are the only allowed geminates in native words.

Vowels

Qocwane has 8 vowel qualities, all with vowel length.

Front Non-front
unrounded rounded
Syllabic
consonant 		loose z̩ ŷ
tight z̠̩ y
Close loose i̞ ê ə̟ â u̞ ô
Open-mid tight ɛ e ɔ o
Open ɑ a

Qocwane has loose/tight vowel harmony:

  • loose: ŷ ŵ ê â ô
  • tight: y w e a o

Diphthongs: ea êâ oa ôâ ae âê ao âô

â(â) /ə(:)/ is realized as [œ(:)] when stressed.

oa is often realized as [ɔ:]


Morphophonology

Qocwane words participate in consonant gradation:

strong -> weak

  • geminates -> nongeminates
  • p -> f
  • f -> v
  • t -> ł
  • ł -> l
  • z -> s
  • s -> h
  • x -> ł
  • c -> ç
  • cw -> çw
  • ç -> j
  • çw -> w
  • q -> 0

Grammar

Finnic-like

Nouns

8 to 10 cases, normal nom-acc alignment

TODO [weak grade]-l = nom pl [weak grade]-t = gen sg


naaqe 'human’, naaet 'human-GEN’, naael 'human-PL'

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