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Schlaub
Wug Schlaub
Pronunciation	[/wṳ˧ ɬəʊ˥/]
Created by	Praimhín
Setting	Verse:Tricin
Language family	Hlou-Shum Hlouic Schlaub
This article contains IPA phonetic symbols. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of Unicode characters. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see Help:IPA.

Schlaub or Hlou (English: /(h)loʊ/ loh or homophonous with "hello"; natively: Wug Schlaub /wṳ˧ ɬəu˥/ 'Hlou speech' or 'Hlou thing') is a tonal language inspired by Hmong and German. It is the largest of the Hlou-Shum languages and the official language of the people of Mpfa Schlaub, a country in Mpfa Wieb.

Schlaub liberally uses Easter eggs.

Background

Todo

need polysyllabic words that are written as one word (Hmong has some)

Fill Mpfa Schlaub with Jabberwocky/Alice in Wonderland refs: Schleid Zeib, Wäb

On Beyond Zebra reference in forbidden syllables (syllables that do not correspond to any Schlaub word): Jus, Wub, Schwub, Mpfuh, Flud, Glig, Nuh, Schnie, Wön, Ntzad, Flub, Tzäs, Jog, Flön, Ieß, Jäg, Schnruß, Hie

Diachronics

Hlou merged Proto-Hlou-Shum ai au with ei ou into ei au /əɨ əʊ/. Even i u in some open syllables turned into ei au.

Glottal stop finals (-h in Schngellstein's spelling) come from Proto-Hlou-Shum final stops.

*ã > äu; *ãʔ > oh

*ẽ > ä; *ẽj > ei; *ẽʔ > äh

Hlou had a vowel shift from the Proto-Hlouic ten vowel system: /a ɛ i ɔ u ã ɛ̃ ĩ ɔ̃ ũ/ by merging /ã ĩ ũ/ with their non-nasalized counterparts, and after that /ɛ̃/ shifted to /ã/

Phonology

Standard (Schlaub Bahn)

Vowels

Hlou has 6 basic vowel qualities, but also has a number of diphthongs and nasal vowels.

a e i ie o u ä ö = /a ɛ i ɨ ɔ u ã~ɛ̃ õ/

ei au äu = /əi əu əũ/

ah eh ih ieh oh uh äh öh eih = /aʔ ɛʔ .../ [only occurs with -Ø, -n tones]

Consonants

Standard Hlou has 70 initials.

**Hlou initials**
		Labial		Lamino- dental	Apico- alveolar		Post- alveolar	Retroflex		Velar		Labio- velar	Glottal
		plain	lateral	Lamino- dental	plain	lateral	Post- alveolar	plain	lateral	plain	lateral	Labio- velar	Glottal
Nasal	voiceless	schm m̥	schml m̥ˡ		schn n̥			schnr ɳ̊
Nasal	voiced	m m	ml mˡ		n n	nl nˡ		nr ɳ	nrl ɳˡ
Plosive	tenuis	b p	bl pˡ		d t	dl tˡ		dr ʈ	drl ʈˡ	g k	gl kˡ		ʔ
	aspirated	p pʰ	pl pˡʰ		t tʰ	tl tˡʰ		tr ʈʰ	trl ʈˡʰ	k kʰ	kl kˡʰ
	prenasalized	mb ᵐb	mbl ᵐbˡ		nd ⁿd			ndr ᶯɖ		ng ᵑɡ	ngl ᵑɡˡ
	prenasalized	mp ᵐpʰ	mpl ᵐpˡʰ		nt ⁿtʰ	ntl ⁿtˡʰ		ntr ᶯʈʰ	ntrl ᶯʈˡʰ	nk ᵑkʰ	nkl ᵑkˡʰ
Affricate	tenuis			dz ts̪	ds ts̺		dx tʃ
	aspirated	pf pɸ		tz ts̪ʰ	ts ts̺ʰ		tx tʃʰ
	prenasalized			ndz ⁿdz̪	nds ⁿdz̺		ndx ⁿdʒ
	prenasalized	mpf ᵐpɸ		ntz ⁿts̪ʰ	nts ⁿts̺ʰ		ntx ⁿtʃʰ
Continuant	voiceless	f f	fl fˡ	z s̪	s s̺	schl ɬ	x ʃ	schr ʂ		sch ɧ~x		schw ʍ	h h
Continuant	voiced	v v				l l	j ʒ	r ʐ~ɻ				w w

Tone

Schlaub has 7 tones, indicated by final letters in Schngellstein's orthography.

Orthography	Tone	Example	Suggested approximation
∅	mid level (33) / high checked (5)	lau /ləu˧/ 'to plant'	Vietnamese ngang / checked sắc
-n	low falling (21) / low checked (1)	laun /ləu˨˩/ 'to smile'	Vietnamese huyền / checked nặng
-b	high level / high falling (55~53)	Laub /ləu˥˥/ 'leaf'	Cantonese tone 1
-d	dipping / mid falling (313~311)	Laud /ləu˧˩˧/ 'shoe'	Hanoi Vietnamese hỏi
-g	breathy mid level (33 + breathy)	laug /lə̤u˧/ 'to knit'
-s	rising (24)	laus /ləu˨˦/ 'to receive'	Hanoi Vietnamese non-checked sắc
-ß	broken rising (3ˀ5)	Lauß /ləu˧ˀ˥/ 'wrinkle'	Hanoi Vietnamese ngã

Approximate tone frequencies (among non-entering tone syllables): b > s ~ 0 > n > ß ~ g > d

Tone split from breathy voice < voiced stops

Schlaub Glaß

The Schlaub Glaß dialect is a non-standard dialect of Hlou.

Vowels

a e i ie o u ä ö = /a ɛ ɪ i ɔ ʊ ɛ œ/

ei au äu = /ai aʊ ɔʏ/

ah eh ih ieh oh uh äh öh eih = /aʔ ɛʔ .../ [only occurs with -Ø, -n, -b tones (the latter written as -hl)]

Consonants

**Schlaub Glaß initials**
		Labial		Lamino- dental	Apico- alveolar		Post- alveolar	Palatal	Retroflex	Velar		Labio- velar	Glottal
		plain	lateral	Lamino- dental	plain	lateral	Post- alveolar	Palatal	Retroflex	plain	lateral	Labio- velar	Glottal
Nasal	voiceless	schm m̥	schml m̥ˡ		schn n̥				schnr ɳ̊
Nasal	voiced	m m	ml mˡ		n n				nr ɳ
Plosive	tenuis	b p	bl pˡ		d t	dl cˡ			dr ʈ	g k	gl kˡ		ʔ
	aspirated	p pʰ	pl pˡʰ		t tʰ	tl cˡʰ			tr ʈʰ	k kʰ	kl kˡʰ
	prenasalized	mb ᵐb	mbl ᵐbˡ		nd ⁿd	ndl ᶮɟˡ			ndr ᶯɖ	ng ᵑɡ	ngl ᵑɡˡ
	prenasalized	mp ᵐpʰ	mpl ᵐpˡʰ		nt ⁿtʰ	ntl ᶮcˡʰ			ntr ᶯʈʰ	nk ᵑkʰ	nkl ᵑkˡʰ
Affricate	tenuis	bv pv		dz ts̪	ds ts̺		dx tʃ
	aspirated	pf pf		tz ts̪ʰ	ts ts̺ʰ		tx tʃʰ
	prenasalized	mbv ᵐbv		ndz ⁿdz̪	nds ⁿdz̺		ndx ⁿdʒ
	prenasalized	mpf ᵐpf		ntz ⁿts̪ʰ	nts ⁿts̺ʰ		ntx ⁿtʃʰ
Continuant	voiceless	f f		z s̪	s s̺	schl ɬ	x ʃ	schj ç	schr ʂ	sch ɧ ch x		schw ʍ	h h
Continuant	voiced	v v				l l, ł ɫ		j j	r ʐ~ɻ			w w

Tone

Tones are the same as in Schlaub Bahn, except that the d and g tones are merged into g.

Orthography

Traditional logography

Abugida

Hrảm Hlóu (Schräd La-Tin Schlaub)

This transliteration was created by Praimhín as an alternative to the German-inspired orthography.

Initials


		Labial		Lamino- dental	Apico- alveolar		Post- alveolar	Retroflex		Velar		Labio- velar	Glottal
		plain	lateral	Lamino- dental	plain	lateral	Post- alveolar	plain	lateral	plain	lateral	Labio- velar	Glottal
Nasal	voiceless	hm m̥	hml m̥ˡ		hn n̥			hnr ɳ̊
Nasal	voiced	m m	ml mˡ		n n	nl nˡ		nr ɳ
Plosive	tenuis	b p	bl pˡ		d t	dl tˡ		dr ʈ	drl ʈˡ	g k	gl kˡ		ʔ
	aspirated	p pʰ	pl pˡʰ		t tʰ	tl tˡʰ		tr ʈʰ	trl ʈˡʰ	c kʰ	cl kˡʰ
	prenasalized	nb ᵐb	nbl ᵐbˡ		nd ⁿd			ndr ᶯɖ		ng ᵑɡ	ngl ᵑɡˡ
	prenasalized	np ᵐpʰ	npl ᵐpˡʰ		nt ⁿtʰ	ntl ⁿtˡʰ		ntr ᶯʈʰ		nc ᵑkʰ	ncl ᵑkˡʰ
Affricate	tenuis			ds ts̪	dσ ts̺		dx tʃ
	aspirated	φ pɸ		ts ts̪ʰ	tσ ts̺ʰ		tx tʃʰ
	prenasalized			nds ⁿdz̪	ndσ ⁿdz̺		ndx ⁿdʒ
	prenasalized	nφ ᵐpɸ		nts ⁿts̪ʰ	ntσ ⁿts̺ʰ		ntx ⁿtʃʰ
Continuant	voiceless	f f	fl fˡ	s s̪	σ s̺	hl ɬ	x ʃ	hr ʂ		sg ɧ		hw ʍ	h h
Continuant	voiced	v v				l l	j ʒ	r ʐ~ɻ				w w

Vowels

a e i o u ei ou /a e i o u əi əu/

am om oum /ã~ɛ̃ õ ə̃u/

ac ec ic oc uc anc onc /aʔ eʔ iʔ oʔ uʔ/

Featural script

Grammar

Hlou is analytic and SVO, and is head-initial:

Die Wug mpes Nän sein.

/tɨ˧ wṳ˧ ᵐpʰe˨˦ nɛ̃˨˩ s̺əi˨˩/

INDEF bird_species drink water PROG

A wug is drinking water.

Xan schwei Ntxuhn bis Tu Mäb.

/ʃa˨˩ ʍəi˧ ts̺ɨ˧˩ pi˨˦ tʰu˧mɛ̃˥/

1SG have home in Tumhan

I live in Tumhan.

Dahn dsaub weg zu Mpfein an zu Schrös.

/taʔ˩ ts̺əu˥ we̤˧ s̪u˧ ᵐpɸəi˨˩ a˩ s̪u˧ n̥o˨˥/

1PL speak about VN love and VN hate

We speak about love and hate.

Dahn mpfein so, mplei dahn nkeiß Mbob so sein.

1PL love 3SG.A thus 1PL receive face 3SG.A PRES.PROG

We love him so we are welcoming him.

Pronouns

Personal

Person	Singular	Dual	Plural
1	xan	bluß	dahn
2	zied	jen	schlag
3	so (animate) ja (inanimate)	nleib	zug
2, 3 (respectful)	Sie
Impersonal	es
Reflexive	schwe

Hlou has no passive voice; the impersonal es is used instead. For example, Es nlaß Ngu hin. (IMPERS fire_ceramic brick PST) means 'A brick was baked.' or 'Bricks were baked.'

Demonstrative

Correlatives
	What	This	That	Yon	Any
Pronominal	nab	naus	nein	nin	nan
Place	drab	draus	drein	drin	dran
Manner/Extent	rab	raus	rein	rin	ran

Other correlatives are formed by using these words with nouns.

Hlou is wh-in-situ:

Naus dzah nab? (this COP what) = What is this?
Ndob naus dzah nab? (person this COP what) = Who is this?
Zied be drab sein? (lit. you to where PROG) = Where are you going?
dla rab? 'Why?', dla rein 'that's why' (Calquing vì sao, vì vậy)
dlä rab nahn schluß... 'how to...' (lit. Do how in order to)
dlä rab? 'What to do?'

Prepositions

be = to; to go
bis = in, at
nre = on
gan = without
sä = with; to have
in = of
je = from
dla = for; because of
ob = vocative
weg = about
wi = away from
schon = ago
jaud = between
tzig = across
ös = over
tud = under
was = perhaps
des = now
wag = again
treib = before

Auxiliaries

hab = causative
bleib = deliberately
vein = accidentally

Xan bleib schäd Nduß hin.

I deliberately dropped the glass.

Xan vein schäd Nduß hin.

I accidentally dropped the glass.

Particles

sein = present progressive
- Present progressive can also be formed by reduplicating the verb
hin = past
bei = future
aus = cohortative
es = question
eh = tag question
da = exclamatory
nreh = negative
doh = prohibitive
los = inchoative
man = emphatic
wein = (literary) alas!, woe is...
tag = comparative
nad = superlative
zu = verb to noun

Conjunctions

an = and
tei = or
vei = exclusive or
leid = but
von = relative clause
tun = complement clause
daß = if
schluß = then, so, therefore
nahn schluß = so that, in order to
dsäus = because (lit. reason)

Nouns

ein = definite article (proper nouns such as Wug Schlaub do not take it)

wie = specific article

die = indefinite article

Words may be pluralized by reduplication: Ndob Ndob = people. Uncountable nouns have no plural form.

Polysyllabic words also have a null plural:

Nkaub, ob Blieb-Blas!

fly VOC butterfly

Fly, butterflies!

Verbs and adjectives

Adverbs can be formed from verbs via reduplication.

ntsien = slow; ntsien ntsien 'slowly'

Classifiers

Numerals

1-10: die, beid, lähn, schred, kaß, traun, heid, ntzob, glaub, weiß

100: trleh

10000: schöd

Numerals come before nouns:

So ploß beid weiß Sen.

3SG.AN son two ten year_of_age

He is 20 years old.

"The more... the more..."

X X SUBJ1, Y Y SUBJ2

"The more SUBJ X's, the more SUBJ2 Y's."

Xan eh schlaun Wiß j'ein zu Treig Treig. Lös lös xan, wäud wäud xan läß.

1SG NEG receive understanding from DEF INF happen happen. run run 1SG, become become 1SG fat.

I don't understand what's going on. The more I run, the fatter I get.

"Schm-reduplication"

Schlaub uses a form of schm-reduplication, which works just like schm-reduplication in English, except that the schm-reduplicant is repeated.

"Leid xan dzah heb die Nöb da!" = but I COP just a noob EXCL

"Nöb schmöb schmöb, zied mbuh ngäs man!" = noob schmoob schmoob you can make_it EMPH

Fossilized morphology

PHS s-
- Schlähn 'tribe' < lähn 'three'
- Schlaub 'year' < Laub 'leaf'
- Schwiß 'plain' < biß 'flat'
PHS -ʔ (reflected by tone change)
- -g > -d: Lied 'art song' < lieg 'to tell a lie; (obsolete) to express'

Vocabulary

Hlou vocabulary is mostly native.

Chengyu

Hlou, like Chinese, has chengyu or "4-character phrases". They sometimes extend to 6-character phrases by using the Burns stanza.

Ntzuh Vöhn Schrau Ndob (schnäub hös) 'the best laid schemes of mice and men (aft gang agley)' (lit. schemes of mouse and plans of man often fail)
Nleiß Beig Gluhn Schnoh 'opulent luxury' (lit. pure gold, gem, carmine, spice)
Schwas kö Schwas sihn 'reap what you sow' (lit. [If] rice sprouts, rice results)
- riff on Quacumquasit Pond

Poetry

[Under construction. The poems are gibberish and are meant to illustrate the rhyme scheme.]

Rhyme

In addition to having the same rime, two words must rhyme in tone class in order to be considered to rhyme. -Ø, -b, -n are "flat" (mla) tones; -g, -d, -s, -ß and checked tones are "sharp" (dzäß) tones.

Virelai

The virelai (Hlou: Traun Ntzob) is a traditional Hlou poetic form. Although it is called the virelai in English, it borrows elements (like the rhyme scheme) from the Vietnamese lục bát.

Example [the poem is gibberish]:

Mpfein schwie ein Ntzäh an Tsun,
Leid wen Bläuß dran, maß Schlub von trlien.
Väd mleib weg die Gleiß Schmieb,
Raus ein Pfeg nun schraß Xien taub tlub.

Daß zu Mläus ein Zeig Pfaß,
blein Eib zu Mböd bis Dlag,
klaub wie raug Mlob weis schrah zied Glu.

Daß zu Ves ein Drläub flein,
Weg ndso ein Ndxäuß schred nreib,
Pfed zag tzau die Vaub dlei raus Schmub.

Daß zu Vein Nkaub ein Nlas,
An zu Nlöb pfeib je Schmag ven Wauß,
schniß, ob Dlau! dran flän Schaug,
klöh xan haud wie Trob, haus nun Tsun.

Mpfein schwie ein Ntzäh an Tsun,
Leid wen Bläuß dran, maß Schlub von trlien.
Väd mleib weg die Gleiß Schmieb,
Raus ein Pfeg nun schraß Xien taub tlub.

Burns stanza

A variant of the Burns stanza is another traditional Hlou meter. This excerpt is from a poem by Schweid Täu-Rein.

Tlad Hei drlah Mbauß,
Xan schnuh zied nraug,
Xob Ndzäu beis schraus –
Ihn Vug –
Ngiß Tsahn we jaud
schrieb mbug.

Though [your] body must [become] soil,
I touch you up close,
The warm embrace nurturing
[The] leaf [of] learning;
A garden growing between [us],
[which will] last forever.

Holorime

Two lines with the same syllables but with different tones

Phrasebook

'I love you': Xan lub zied. /ʃa˨˩ lu˥˥ s̪ɨ˧˩˧/

Sample texts

A poem

Au xäub xäub
Ihn taub taub
Zied an xan
Bluß Ndob Schlaub

1 John 3:15

Daß Ndob nan schrös ein Nleis schwe, schluß so dzah die Ndob schwad Ndob, an schlag sab tun die Ndob schwad Ndob eh schwei ein Jun mbug bis schwe.

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}/Lexicon]]<br/>
+{{list subpages}}
-[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}/Swadesh list]]<br/>
-[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}/Old]]
 {{Infobox language
 |image =
 |imagesize =
-|creator = [[User:Praimhín|Praimhín]], [[User:IlL|IlL]]
+|creator = [[User:Praimhín|Praimhín]]
 |name = {{PAGENAME}}
-|nativename = Ntzog Schlaub
+|nativename = Wug Schlaub
-|pronunciation=  /ⁿz̪o&#804;˧ ɬəʊ˥/
+|pronunciation=  /wu&#804;˧ ɬəʊ˥/
 |setting = [[Verse:Tricin]]
-|region = Bjeheond
+|region =
 |familycolor=hmong-mien
 |fam1=[[Hlou-Shum languages|Hlou-Shum]]
-|script=Latin (Fraktur)
+|fam2=Hlouic
+|script=Hlou featural script (''Schräd Schlaub'')
 |iso3=
 |notice=IPA
 }}
-'''{{PAGENAME}}''' (English: /(h)loʊ/ ''loh''; natively: ''Ntzog Schlaub'' /ⁿtsʰo&#804;˧ ɬəu˥/; [[Windermere]]: ''brits Ław'') is a [[Bjeheond]]ian tonal language, inspired by Hmong and German. It is the largest of the Hlou-Shum languages.
+'''{{PAGENAME}}''' or '''Hlou''' (English: /(h)loʊ/ ''loh'' or homophonous with "hello"; natively: ''Wug Schlaub'' /wu&#804;˧ ɬəu˥/ 'Hlou speech' or 'Hlou thing') is a tonal language inspired by Hmong and German. It is the largest of the [[Hlou-Shum languages]] and the official language of the people of Mpfa Schlaub, a country in Mpfa Wieb.
+Schlaub liberally uses Easter eggs.
-Hlou liberally uses Easter eggs.
 ==Background==
-As folk etymology has it, the name of the Hlou (''Schlaub'') people comes from the word ''schlaub'' 'temperate', thus 'of the temperate lands'.
+==Todo==
+need polysyllabic words that are written as one word (Hmong has some)
+Fill Mpfa Schlaub with Jabberwocky/Alice in Wonderland refs: Schleid Zeib, Wäb
+On Beyond Zebra reference in forbidden syllables (syllables that do not correspond to any Schlaub word): Jus, Wub, Schwub, Mpfuh, Flud, Glig, Nuh, Schnie, Wön, Ntzad, Flub, Tzäs, Jog, Flön, Ieß, Jäg, Schnruß, Hie
 ==Diachronics==
-Hlou merged Proto-Hlou-Shum ''ai au'' with ''ei ou'' into ''ei au'' /əɪ əʊ/. Even ''i u'' in some open syllables turned into ''ei au''.
+Hlou merged Proto-Hlou-Shum ''ai au'' with ''ei ou'' into ''ei au'' /əɨ əʊ/. Even ''i u'' in some open syllables turned into ''ei au''.
 Glottal stop finals (''-h'' in Schngellstein's spelling) come from Proto-Hlou-Shum final stops.
@@ Line 33: / Line 38: @@
 ''*ẽ'' > ''ä''; ''*ẽj'' > ''ei''; ''*ẽʔ'' > ''äh''
+Hlou had a vowel shift from the Proto-Hlouic ten vowel system: /a ɛ i ɔ u ã ɛ̃ ĩ ɔ̃ ũ/ by merging /ã ĩ ũ/ with their non-nasalized counterparts, and after that /ɛ̃/ shifted to /ã/
 ==Phonology==
-===Vowels===
+===Standard (''Schlaub Bahn'')===
-Hlou has 5 basic vowel qualities, but also has a number of diphthongs and nasal vowels.
+====Vowels====
+Hlou has 6 basic vowel qualities, but also has a number of diphthongs and nasal vowels.
-a e i o u ä ö = /a e i o u ã~ɛ̃ õ/
+a e i ie o u ä ö = /a ɛ i ɨ ɔ u ã~ɛ̃ õ/
-ah eh ih oh uh äh öh = /aʔ eʔ .../ [only occurs with -Ø, -n tones]
+ei au äu = /əi əu əũ/
-ei ie au äu = /əi iə əu əũ/
+ah eh ih ieh oh uh äh öh eih = /aʔ ɛʔ .../ [only occurs with -Ø, -n tones]
-===Consonants===
+====Consonants====
-Hlou has about 65 initials.
+Standard Hlou has 70 initials.
-{| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align: center"
+{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center"
 |+ '''Hlou initials'''
 ! colspan="2" rowspan="2" |
@@ Line 70: / Line 78: @@
 ! <small>voiceless</small>
 | '''schm''' m̥
-|
+| '''schml''' m̥ˡ
 |
 | '''schn''' n̥
 |
 |
-|
+| '''schnr''' ɳ̊
 |
 |
@@ Line 91: / Line 99: @@
 | '''nr''' ɳ
-|
+| '''nrl''' ɳˡ
 |
 |
@@ Line 147: / Line 155: @@
 |
 | '''ntr''' ᶯʈʰ
-|
+| '''ntrl''' ᶯʈˡʰ
 | '''nk''' ᵑkʰ
 | '''nkl''' ᵑkˡʰ
@@ Line 219: / Line 227: @@
 | '''schr''' ʂ
 |
-| '''sch''' ɧ
+| '''sch''' ɧ~x
 |
 | '''schw''' ʍ
@@ Line 239: / Line 247: @@
 |}
-===Tone===
+====Tone====
 {{PAGENAME}} has 7 tones, indicated by final letters in Schngellstein's orthography.
-{|class="bluetable lightbluebg"
+{|class="wikitable"
 ! Orthography
 ! Tone
 ! Example
+! Suggested approximation
 |-
 | ∅
-| mid level / mid checked (33~32)
+| mid level (33) / high checked (5)
 | ''lau'' /ləu˧/ 'to plant'
+| Vietnamese ''ngang'' / checked ''sắc''
 |-
 | '''-n'''
-| low level / low checked (21~11)
+| low falling (21) / low checked (1)
 | ''laun'' /ləu˨˩/ 'to smile'
+| Vietnamese ''huyền'' / checked ''nặng''
 |-
 | '''-b'''
 | high level / high falling (55~53)
-| ''Laub'' /ləu˥˧/ 'spring (season)'
+| ''Laub'' /ləu˥˥/ 'leaf'
+| Cantonese tone 1
 |-
 | '''-d'''
-| dipping / low falling (313~31)
+| dipping / mid falling (313~311)
 | ''Laud'' /ləu˧˩˧/ 'shoe'
+| Hanoi Vietnamese ''hỏi''
 |-
 | '''-g'''
 | breathy mid level (33 + breathy)
 | ''laug'' /lə&#804;u˧/ 'to knit'
+|
 |-
 | '''-s'''
 | rising (24)
 | ''laus'' /ləu˨˦/ 'to receive'
+| Hanoi Vietnamese non-checked ''sắc''
 |-
 | '''-ß'''
 | broken rising (3ˀ5)
 | ''Lauß'' /ləu˧ˀ˥/ 'wrinkle'
+| Hanoi Vietnamese ''ngã''
 |}
@@ Line 279: / Line 295: @@
 Tone split from breathy voice < voiced stops
-==Dialects==
-===Bän Tli===
+===''Schlaub Glaß''===
+The Schlaub Glaß dialect is a non-standard dialect of Hlou.
+====Vowels====
+a e i ie o u ä ö = /a ɛ ɪ i ɔ ʊ ɛ œ/
+ei au äu = /ai aʊ ɔʏ/
+ah eh ih ieh oh uh äh öh eih = /aʔ ɛʔ .../ [only occurs with -Ø, -n, -b tones (the latter written as -hl)]
+====Consonants====
+{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center"
+|+ '''Schlaub Glaß initials'''
+! colspan="2" rowspan="2" |
+! colspan="2" | Labial
+! rowspan="2" | Lamino-<br/>dental
+! colspan="2" | Apico-<br/>alveolar
+! rowspan="2" | Post-<br/>alveolar
+! rowspan="2" | Palatal
+! rowspan="2" | Retroflex
+! colspan="2" | Velar
+! rowspan="2" | Labio-<br/>velar
+! rowspan="2" | Glottal
+|-
+! <small>plain</small>
+! <small>lateral</small>
+! <small>plain</small>
+! <small>lateral</small>
+! <small>plain</small>
+! <small>lateral</small>
+|-
+! rowspan="2" |Nasal
+! <small>voiceless</small>
+| '''schm''' m̥
+| '''schml''' m̥ˡ
+|
+| '''schn''' n̥
+|
+|
+|
+| '''schnr''' ɳ̊
+|
+|
+|
+|
+|-
+! <small>voiced</small>
+| '''m''' m
+| '''ml''' mˡ
+|
+| '''n''' n
+|
+|
+|
+| '''nr''' ɳ
+|
+|
+|
+|
+|-
+! rowspan="4" |Plosive
+! <small>tenuis</small>
+| '''b''' p
+| '''bl''' pˡ
+|
+| '''d''' t
+| '''dl''' cˡ
+|
+|
+| '''dr''' ʈ
+| '''g''' k
+| '''gl''' kˡ
+|
+|ʔ
+|-
+! <small>aspirated</small>
+| '''p''' pʰ
+| '''pl''' pˡʰ
+|
+| '''t''' tʰ
+| '''tl''' cˡʰ
+|
+|
+| '''tr''' ʈʰ
+| '''k''' kʰ
+| '''kl''' kˡʰ
+|
+|
+|-
+! rowspan="2" |<small>prenasalized</small>
+| '''mb''' ᵐb
+| '''mbl''' ᵐbˡ
+|
+| '''nd''' ⁿd
+| '''ndl''' ᶮɟˡ
+|
+|
+| '''ndr''' ᶯɖ
+| '''ng''' ᵑɡ
+| '''ngl''' ᵑɡˡ
+|
+|
+|-
+| '''mp''' ᵐpʰ
+| '''mpl''' ᵐpˡʰ
+|
+| '''nt''' ⁿtʰ
+| '''ntl''' ᶮcˡʰ
+|
+|
+| '''ntr''' ᶯʈʰ
+| '''nk''' ᵑkʰ
+| '''nkl''' ᵑkˡʰ
+|
+|
+|-
+! rowspan="4"|Affricate
+! <small>tenuis</small>
+| '''bv''' pv
+|
+| '''dz''' ts̪
+| '''ds''' ts̺
+|
+| '''dx''' tʃ
+|
+|
+|
+|
+|
+|
+|-
+! <small>aspirated</small>
+| '''pf''' pf
+|
+| '''tz''' ts̪ʰ
+| '''ts''' ts̺ʰ
+|
+| '''tx''' tʃʰ
+|
+|
+|
+|
+|
+|
+|-
+! rowspan="2"|<small>prenasalized</small>
+| '''mbv''' ᵐbv
+|
+| '''ndz''' ⁿdz̪
+| '''nds''' ⁿdz̺
+|
+| '''ndx''' ⁿdʒ
+|
+|
+|
+|
+|
+|-
+| '''mpf''' ᵐpf
+|
+| '''ntz''' ⁿts̪ʰ
+| '''nts''' ⁿts̺ʰ
+|
+| '''ntx''' ⁿtʃʰ
+|
+|
+|
+|
+|
+|
+|-
+! rowspan="2" |Continuant
+! <small>voiceless</small>
+| '''f''' f
+|
+| '''z''' s̪
+| '''s''' s̺
+| '''schl''' ɬ
+| '''x''' ʃ
+| '''schj''' ç
+| '''schr''' ʂ
+| '''sch''' ɧ<br/>'''ch''' x
+|
+| '''schw''' ʍ
+| '''h''' h
+|-
+! <small>voiced</small>
+| '''v''' v
+|
+|
+|
+| '''l''' l, '''ł''' ɫ
+|
+| '''j''' j
+| '''r''' ʐ~ɻ
+|
+|
+| '''w''' w
+|
+|}
+====Tone====
+Tones are the same as in Schlaub Bahn, except that the ''d'' and ''g'' tones are merged into ''g''.
 ==Orthography==
 ===Traditional logography===
-===Schngellstein's alphabet===
+===Abugida===
-The key feature of Schngellstein's orthography (used in this article) is using final consonant letters for tones, making words easier to learn by using photographic memory.
+===''Hrảm Hlóu'' (''Schräd La-Tin Schlaub'')===
-===Hrảm Hlóu===
 This transliteration was created by Praimhín as an alternative to the German-inspired orthography.
 ====Initials====
-{| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align: center"
+{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center"
 |+
 ! colspan="2" rowspan="2" |
@@ Line 314: / Line 529: @@
 ! <small>voiceless</small>
 | '''hm''' m̥
-|
+| '''hml''' m̥ˡ
 |
 | '''hn''' n̥
 |
 |
-|
+| '''hnr''' ɳ̊
 |
 |
@@ Line 463: / Line 678: @@
 | '''hr''' ʂ
 |
-| '''sw''' ɧ
+| '''sg''' ɧ
 |
 | '''hw''' ʍ
@@ Line 491: / Line 706: @@
 ac ec ic oc uc anc onc /aʔ eʔ iʔ oʔ uʔ/
-====Tones====
+===Featural script===
-{|class="bluetable lightbluebg"
-! Orthography
+[[File:SchrogHahn_v1.0.png|200px|thumb|right|[[User:H. H. P. M. P. Cole|Cole]]'s featural script for Schlaub.]]
-! Tone
-! Example
-|-
-| '''a'''
-| mid level / mid checked (33~32)
-| ''lou'' /ləu˧/ 'to plant'
-|-
-| '''à'''
-| low level / low checked (21~11)
-| ''lòu'' /ləu˨˩/ 'to smile'
-|-
-| '''á'''
-| high level / high falling (53~55)
-| ''lóu'' /ləu˥˩/ 'spring (season)'
-|-
-| '''ả'''
-| dipping / low falling (313~31)
-| ''lỏu'' /ləu˧˩˧/ 'shoe'
-|-
-| '''ah'''
-| breathy mid level (33 + breathy)
-| ''louh'' /lə&#804;u˧/ 'to knit'
-|-
-| '''ä'''
-| rising (24)
-| ''löu'' /ləu˨˦/ 'to receive'
-|-
-| '''ã'''
-| broken rising (3ˀ5)
-| ''lõu'' /ləu˧ˀ˥/ 'wrinkle'
-|}
 ==Grammar==
 Hlou is analytic and SVO, and is head-initial:
 :'''''Die Wug mpes Nän sein.'''''
-:/tiə˧ wu&#804;˧ ᵐpʰe˨˦ nɛ̃˨˩ s̺əi˨˩/
+:/tɨ˧ wu&#804;˧ ᵐpʰe˨˦ nɛ̃˨˩ s̺əi˨˩/
 :INDEF bird_species drink water PROG
 :''A wug is drinking water.''
-:'''''Xan flog Dsied bis Tu Mäb.'''''
+:'''''Xan schwei Ntxuhn bis Tu Mäb.'''''
-:/ʃa˨˩ flo̤˧ ts̺iə˧˩ pi˨˦ tʰu˧mɛ̃˥˩/
+:/ʃa˨˩ ʍəi˧ ts̺ɨ˧˩ pi˨˦ tʰu˧mɛ̃˥/
 :1SG have home in Tumhan
 :''I live in Tumhan.''
-:'''''Dahn dsaub weg zu Mpfein an zu Schnos.'''''
+:'''''Dahn dsaub weg zu Mpfein an zu Schrös.'''''
-:/taʔ˩ ts̺əu˦˥ we&#804;˧ s̪u˧ ᵐpɸəi˨˩ a˩ s̪u˧ n̥o˨˥/
+:/taʔ˩ ts̺əu˥ we&#804;˧ s̪u˧ ᵐpɸəi˨˩ a˩ s̪u˧ n̥o˨˥/
 :1PL speak about VN love and VN hate
 :''We speak about love and hate.''
-we love him so we are welcoming him
+:'''''Dahn mpfein so, mplei dahn nkeiß Mbob so sein.'''''
-= Dahn mpfein so ab dahn nkeid zu Ba so sein (1PL love 3SG.anim CONJ 1PL celebrate VN come 3SG.anim PRES.PROG)
+:1PL love 3SG.A thus 1PL receive face 3SG.A PRES.PROG
+:''We love him so we are welcoming him.''
 ===Pronouns===
 ====Personal====
-{| class="bluetable lightbluebg"
+{| class="wikitable"
 |-
 ! Person !! Singular !! Dual !! Plural
@@ Line 566: / Line 751: @@
 !Impersonal
 |colspan=3| es
+|-
+!Reflexive
+|colspan=3| schwe
 |}
@@ Line 571: / Line 759: @@
 ====Demonstrative====
-{| class="bluetable lightbluebg"
+{| class="wikitable"
 |+ Correlatives
 |-
-! !! What !! This !! That <!--!! Yon -->!! Any
+! !! What !! This !! That !! Yon !! Any
 |-
 ! Pronominal
-|| nab || naus || nein/nin <!-- || num -->|| nan
+|| nab || naus || nein || nin || nan
 |-
 ! Place
-|| drab || draus || drein/drin <!-- || drum -->|| dran
+|| drab || draus || drein || drin || dran
 |-
 ! Manner/Extent
-|| rab || raus || rein/rin <!-- || rum -->|| ran
+|| rab || raus || rein || rin || ran
 |}
+Other correlatives are formed by using these words with nouns.
+Hlou is wh-in-situ:
+*''Naus dzah nab?'' (this COP what) = What is this?
+*''Ndob naus dzah nab?'' (person this COP what) = Who is this?
+*''Zied be drab sein?'' (lit. you to where PROG) = Where are you going?
+* ''dla rab?'' 'Why?', ''dla rein'' 'that's why' (Calquing vì sao, vì vậy)
+* ''dlä rab nahn schluß...'' 'how to...' (lit. Do how in order to)
+* ''dlä rab?'' 'What to do?'
 ===Prepositions===
+*be = to; to go
 *bis = in, at
+*nre = on
+*gan = without
+* sä = with; to have
+*in = of
 *je = from
-*nun = for
+*dla = for; because of
 *ob = vocative
 *weg = about
-*wie = to
+*wi = away from
+*schon = ago
+*jaud = between
+*tzig = across
+*ös = over
+*tud = under
+*was = perhaps
+*des = now
+*wag = again
+*treib = before
 ===Auxiliaries===
 *hab = causative
+*bleib = deliberately
+*vein = accidentally
+:'''''Xan bleib schäd Nduß hin.'''''
+:''I deliberately dropped the glass.''
+:'''''Xan vein schäd Nduß hin.'''''
+:''I accidentally dropped the glass.''
 ===Particles===
 *sein = present progressive
+**Present progressive can also be formed by reduplicating the verb
 *hin = past
 *bei = future
@@ Line 605: / Line 826: @@
 *eh = tag question
 *da = exclamatory
-*eh = negative
+*nreh = negative
-*schon = prohibitive
+*doh = prohibitive
 *los = inchoative
 *man = emphatic
+*wein = (literary) alas!, woe is...
+*tag = comparative
+*nad = superlative
+*zu = verb to noun
 ===Conjunctions===
 *an = and
-*in = or
+*tei = or
+*vei = exclusive or
 *leid = but
 *von = relative clause
 *tun = complement clause
 *daß = if
-*ab = then, so, therefore
+*schluß = then, so, therefore
+*nahn schluß = so that, in order to
+*dsäus = because (lit. reason)
 ===Nouns===
-ein = definite article
+ein = definite article (proper nouns such as ''Wug Schlaub'' do not take it)
+wie = specific article
 die = indefinite article
-Words may be pluralized by reduplication: ''Ndob Ndob'' = people. Only animates are pluralized consistently.
+Words may be pluralized by reduplication: ''Ndob Ndob'' = people. Uncountable nouns have no plural form.
-Polysyllabic words have a null plural:
+Polysyllabic words also have a null plural:
-:'''''Schniß, ob Blieb-Blas!'''''
+:'''''Nkaub, ob Blieb-Blas!'''''
 :fly VOC butterfly
 :''Fly, butterflies!''
@@ Line 638: / Line 868: @@
 ===Classifiers===
-{{PAGENAME}} does not use classifiers, unlike other languages in the region.
 ===Numerals===
@@ Line 645: / Line 874: @@
 : ''trleh''
 : ''schöd''
 Numerals come before nouns:
@@ Line 652: / Line 881: @@
 :He is 20 years old.
-===Schm-reduplication===
+==="The more... the more..."===
-Hloh uses schm-reduplication, which works just like schm-reduplication in English, except that the schm-reduplicant is repeated.
+:X X SUBJ1, Y Y SUBJ2
+:"The more SUBJ X's, the more SUBJ2 Y's."
+:'''''Xan eh schlaun Wiß j'ein zu Treig Treig. Lös lös xan, wäud wäud xan läß.'''''
+:1SG NEG receive understanding from DEF INF happen happen. run run 1SG, become become 1SG fat.
+:''I don't understand what's going on. The more I run, the fatter I get.''
+==="Schm-reduplication"===
+Schlaub uses a form of schm-reduplication, which works just like schm-reduplication in English, except that the schm-reduplicant is repeated.
 "Leid xan dzah heb die Nöb da!" = but I COP just a noob EXCL
@@ Line 662: / Line 899: @@
 *PHS ''s-''
 **''Schlähn'' 'tribe' < ''lähn'' 'three'
-**''schlaub'' 'temperate' < ''Laub'' 'spring'
+**''Schlaub'' 'year' < ''Laub'' 'leaf'
-**''Schwiß'' 'plain' < ''wiß'' 'flat'
+**''Schwiß'' 'plain' < ''biß'' 'flat'
 *PHS ''-ʔ'' (reflected by tone change)
-**''-∅'' > ''-b'': ''Laub'' 'spring' < ''lau'' 'to plant'
 **''-g'' > ''-d'': ''Lied'' 'art song' < ''lieg'' 'to tell a lie; (''obsolete'') to express'
+==Vocabulary==
+Hlou vocabulary is mostly native.
+===Chengyu===
+Hlou, like Chinese, has chengyu or "4-character phrases". They sometimes extend to 6-character phrases by using the Burns stanza.
+*''Ntzuh Vöhn Schrau Ndob (schnäub hös)'' 'the best laid schemes of mice and men (aft gang agley)' (lit. schemes of mouse and plans of man often fail)
+*''Nleiß Beig Gluhn Schnoh'' 'opulent luxury' (lit. pure gold, gem, carmine, spice)
+*''Schwas kö Schwas sihn'' 'reap what you sow' (lit. [If] rice sprouts, rice results)
+**riff on Quacumquasit Pond
 ==Poetry==
 [Under construction. The poems are gibberish and are meant to illustrate the rhyme scheme.]
+===Rhyme===
+In addition to having the same rime, two words must rhyme in tone class in order to be considered to rhyme. -Ø, -b, -n are "flat" (''mla'') tones; -g, -d, -s, -ß and checked tones are "sharp" (''dzäß'') tones.
 ===Virelai===
-The virelai (Hlou: ???) is a traditional Hlou poetic form.
+The virelai (Hlou: ''Traun Ntzob'') is a traditional Hlou poetic form. Although it is called the ''virelai'' in English, it borrows elements (like the rhyme scheme) from the Vietnamese ''lục bát''.
 Example [the poem is gibberish]:
-<center>
-{| border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" align="center"
-! Original !! IPA !! English </noinclude>
-|- style="vertical-align: top;"
-|
 <poem>
-''Mpfein schwie ein Ntzäh an Tsub,''
+''Mpfein schwie ein Ntzäh an Tsun,''
-''Leid wen Bläuß dran, maß Schlub von trlin.''
+''Leid wen Bläuß dran, maß Schlub von trlien.''
-''Väd mleib weg die Gleiß Schmin,''
+''Väd mleib weg die Gleiß Schmieb,''
-''Raus ein Pfeg nun schraß Xin taub tlub.''
+''Raus ein Pfeg nun schraß Xien taub tlub.''
 ''Daß zu Mläus ein Zeig Pfaß,''
-''blein Eib zu Mböd bis Dlaß,''
+''blein Eib zu Mböd bis Dlag,''
-''klaub wie raug Mlob weis schraß zied Glub.''
+''klaub wie raug Mlob weis schrah zied Glu.''
 ''Daß zu Ves ein Drläub flein,''
-''Weg ndso ein Ndxäuß schred nrein,''
+''Weg ndso ein Ndxäuß schred nreib,''
-''Pfed zag tzau die Vaub dlein raus Schmub.''
+''Pfed zag tzau die Vaub dlei raus Schmub.''
-''Daß zu Vein Nkaub ein Nlag,''
+''Daß zu Vein Nkaub ein Nlas,''
-''An zu Nlöb pfeib je Schmag ven Waud,''
+''An zu Nlöb pfeib je Schmag ven Wauß,''
-''schniß, ob Dlau! dran flän Schaud,''
+''schniß, ob Dlau! dran flän Schaug,''
-''klöh xan haud wie Trob, haud nun Tsub.''
+''klöh xan haud wie Trob, haus nun Tsun.''
-''Mpfein schwie ein Ntzäh aus Tsub,''
+''Mpfein schwie ein Ntzäh an Tsun,''
-''Leid wen Bläuß dran, maß Schlub von trlin.''
+''Leid wen Bläuß dran, maß Schlub von trlien.''
-''Väd mleib weg die Gleiß Schmin,''
+''Väd mleib weg die Gleiß Schmieb,''
-''Raus ein Pfeg nun schraß Xin taub tlub.''
+''Raus ein Pfeg nun schraß Xien taub tlub.''
 </poem>
-|
+===Burns stanza===
+A variant of the Burns stanza is another traditional Hlou meter. This excerpt is from a poem by Schweid Täu-Rein.
 <poem>
-[ᵐpɸəi˨˩ ʍiə˧ ʔəi˨˩ ⁿts̪ʰãʔ˥ ʔa˥˧ ts̺ʰu˥˩]
+''Tlad Hei drlah Mbauß,''
-[ləi˧˩ we˨˩ plə̃u˧ˀ˥ ʈa˨˩ ma˦˥ ɬu˥˩ vo˨˩ ʈɬi˨˩]
+''Xan schnuh zied nraug,''
-[vã˧˩ mləi˥˩ we̤˧ tiə˧ kləi˧ˀ˥ hi˨˩]
+''Xob Ndzäu beis schraus –''
-[ɻəu˨˥ ʔəi˨˩ pɸeʔ˥ nu˨˩ ʂa˧ˀ˥ ʃi˨˩ tʰau˥˧ tɬʰu˥˩]
+''Ihn Vug –''
+''Ngiß Tsahn we jaud''
+''schrieb mbug.''
 </poem>
-|}
-</center>
-===Burns stanza===
-The Burns stanza is a modern invention in Hlou poetry. Its compact style is inspired by [[Dodellian]] poetry.
 <poem>
-''Tlan hei Drlah Mbaus,''
+Though [your] body must [become] soil,
-''Schles Wig tieß nraus,''
+I touch you up close,
-''xob ndzäu beis schraus''
+The warm embrace nurturing
-''jed Vug –''
+[The] leaf [of] learning;
-''Ngiß tsahn mpfe Jaus''
+A garden growing between [us],
-''schieb Wug!''
+[which will] last forever.
 </poem>
-==Sample text==
+===Holorime===
-===Tower of Babel===
+Two lines with the same syllables but with different tones
-:''Bis Ndreib nin ein Xab dzeb flog die Ntzog an die zu Wes meib hin.''
-:/pi˨˥ ᶯɖəi˥˧ ni˨˩ ʔəi˨˩ ʃa˦˥ ts̪e˥˧ flo&#804;˧ tiə˧ ⁿts̪ʰo&#804;˧ ʔəu˨˥ tiə˧ s̪u˧we˦˥ məi˥˧ hi˨˩/
-:LOC time that DEF world whole have INDEF language CONJ INDEF VN speak common PAST
-:Now the whole world had one language and a common speech.
-:''Leid [bis Glied] zu Ndxub an ein Ndob Ndob wie Schnähn zug raug die Schwiß bis Xi-Na an [nlub man] drein hin.''
+== Phrasebook ==
-:/ləi˧˩ pi˨˥ kliə˧˩ s̪u˧ⁿdʒu˥˧ ʔa˨˩ ʔəi˨˩ ⁿdo˦˥ⁿdo˦˥ wiə˧ n̥ãʔ˩ s̪u&#804;˧ ɻə&#804;u˧ tiə˧ ʍi˧ˀ˥ pi˧˩ ʃi˧na˧ ʔəu˧˩ nlu˥˧ma˨˩ ʈəi˨˩ hi˨˩/
+# 'I love you': ''Xan lub zied.'' /ʃa˨˩ lu˥˥ s̪ɨ˧˩˧/
-:but [as] VN move GEN DEF person person PREP east 3PL find INDEF plain PREP Shinar CONJ [settle] there PAST
-:As people moved eastward, they found a plain in Shinar and settled there.
-:''An ein Ndob Ndob tlau wie veß, "Ob bus Ngu an nlaß zug [schlög schlög] aus."''
+==Sample texts==
-:/ʔəu˨˥ ʔəi˨˩ ⁿdo˦˥ⁿdo˦˥ tɬʰəu˧ wiə˧ ve˧ˀ˥, "o˥˧ pu˧˩ ᵑɡu˧ ʔəu˧˩ nla˧ˀ˥ s̪u&#804;˧ ɬõ&#804;˧ɬõ&#804;˧ ma˦˥"/
+=== A poem ===
-:CONJ DEF person person say PREP one_another, VOC make brick CONJ fire_ceramic 3PL [throughly] COHORT
+<poem>
-:They said to each other, "Come, let's make bricks and bake them thoroughly."
+Au xäub xäub
+Ihn taub taub
-:''Zug [raug Mlob] Ngu [bis rohn] Pfaub an Schräh [bis rohn] [Kis Mbeh] hin.''
+Zied an xan
-:/s̪u&#804;˧ ɻə&#804;u˧mlo˥˧ ᵑɡu˧ pi˨˥ɻoʔ˩ pɸəu˥˧ ʔəu˧˩ ʂãʔ˥ pi˨˥ɻoʔ˩ kʰi˨˥ᵐbeʔ˧ hi˨˩/
+Bluß Ndob Schlaub
-:3PL use brick instead_of stone and tar instead_of mortar PAST
+</poem>
-:They used brick instead of stone, and tar for mortar.
+===1 John 3:15===
+<poem>
-:''An zug tlau, "Ob ntsaus die Mbih nun dahn an bis ja die Nkloh von Schmauß [raug man] Ntse aus.''
+Daß Ndob nan schrös ein Nleis schwe, schluß so dzah die Ndob schwad Ndob, an schlag sab tun die Ndob schwad Ndob eh schwei ein Jun mbug bis schwe.
-:/ʔəu˧˩ s̪u&#804;˧ tɬʰəu˧, "ʔo˥˧ ⁿts̺ʰəu˧˩ tiə˧ ᵐbiʔ˥ nu˨˩ taʔ˩ ʔəu˧˩ pi˧˩ ʒa˧ tiə˧ ᵑkʰloʔ˥ vo˨˩ m̥əu˧ˀ˥ ɻə&#804;u˧ma˨˩ ⁿts̺ʰe˧ ma˦˥/
+</poem>
-:and 3PL say, VOC build INDEF city for 1PL and in it a tower REL top reach DEF sky COHORT
-:And they said: "Come, let's build a city for ourselves and a tower in it, whose top would reach the sky.
-:''Rein dahn kla xaus Ntrob aus. In dzas es mpeib dahn dsei dsei ein Xab dzeb bei."''
-:That way we will make a name for ourselves; otherwise we will be scattered over the whole world."
-:''Leid ein Schwed ba mpfau [...] hin.''
-:But the {{sc|Lord}} came down to see the city and the tower the people were building.
-:''Ein Schwed tlau, [...]''
-:The {{sc|Lord}} said, "If as one people speaking the same language they have begun to do this, then nothing they plan to do will be impossible for them.
-:''[...]''
-:"Come, let us go down and confuse their language so they will not understand each other.”
-:''An ein Schwed mpeib zug je drein dsei dsei ein Xab dzeb an zug vus ntsaus ein Mbih hin.''
-:So the {{sc|Lord}} scattered them from there over all the earth, and they stopped building the city.
-:''An ja flog Ntrob Mba-Mbä — dsäus drein ein Schwed hab drleß ndäu ein Ntzog an ein Xab dzeb hin.''
-:That is why it was called Babel — because there the {{sc|Lord}} confused the language of the whole world.
-:''Je drein ein Schwed mpeib zug dsei dsei ein Xab dzeb hin.''
-:From there the {{sc|Lord}} scattered them over the face of the whole earth.
 [[Category:Hlou-Shum languages]]
+[[Category:Languages]]

Schlaub: Difference between revisions

Latest revision as of 00:32, 1 July 2025

Background

Todo

Diachronics

Phonology

Standard (Schlaub Bahn)

Vowels

Consonants

Tone

Schlaub Glaß

Vowels

Consonants

Tone

Orthography

Traditional logography

Abugida

Hrảm Hlóu (Schräd La-Tin Schlaub)

Initials

Vowels

Featural script

Grammar

Pronouns

Personal

Demonstrative

Prepositions

Auxiliaries

Particles

Conjunctions

Nouns

Verbs and adjectives

Classifiers

Numerals

"The more... the more..."

"Schm-reduplication"

Fossilized morphology

Vocabulary

Chengyu

Poetry

Rhyme

Virelai

Burns stanza

Holorime

Phrasebook

Sample texts

A poem

1 John 3:15

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