Verse:Mwtqwlqwj/Qwbmwdqwg: Difference between revisions

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{{Infobox language
{{List subpages}}
|creator = [[User:IlL|Inthar]]
'''Qwbmwdqwg''' /ʔə˥mə˨˩˨ʔə˧˩̤/ is a tritonal root language.
|nativename = əl-KoRSKī
|image =
|setting = [[Verse:Irta]]
|name = Corsican Arabic
|pronunciation = ɜ̟lqʰɔɾˁsˁˈqʰɪː
|states = Corsica
|speakers =
|script = Latin
|date =
|familycolor=afroasiatic
|fam1=Afro-Asiatic
|fam2=Semitic
|fam3=Central Semitic
|fam4=Arabic
|fam5=Irta Maghrebi Arabic
}}


'''Corsican Arabic''' is an Irish-influenced Arabic variety spoken in the [[Verse:Irta|Irta]] timeline's Corsica (natively ''əl-KoRSKə'' [ɜ̟lˈqʰɔɾˁsˁqʰʌ], Irta Irish ''an Chorsac''). In Irta it's called Corsican (natively ''əl-KoRSKī'' [ɜ̟lqʰɔɾˁsˁˈqʰɪː] or ''ət-taNGə KoRSKījə'' [ɜ̟t̪ˈt̪ʰæɴɢʌ qʰɔɾˁsˁˈqʰɪːjɜ̟] (''taNGə'' is from Irish ''teanga''); in Irish ''an Chorsacais''). Its speakers are predominantly Catholic.
== Phonology ==
* vowels: {{angbr|''w oo''}} /ə ã/
* consonants: {{angbr|''q m k''}} /ʔ m k~h/
* tone letters are used at the end of syllables: {{angbr|''-b -0 -x -s -t -j -v -g -d -z -l''}} /˥ ˧ ˩˧ ˩ ˨˩ˀ ˥˧ ˨˦ ˧˩̤ ˨˩˨ ˧˦˧ ˧˩/
The -0 tone only occurs in function words and affixes.


Its premise is "Maltese but with Irish (and secondarily French and Sardinian) instead of Italian", and it's the only Irtan Semitic language that evolved naturally under Celtic influence (Crannish is more Azalic, and Irta Modern Hebrew was revived by Celtic speakers), and the only Irtan Semitic language written in the Latin script. It underwent a spelling reform after using a heavily Irish-based spelling for a long period; it's now much more etymological and uses letters with strikethrough, such as ''ł'', for emphatic consonants, and ''e'' for schwa.
== Morphology ==
Most Qwbmwdqwg roots are tritonal. Some roots in the qwT<sub>1</sub>mwT<sub>2</sub>kwT<sub>3</sub> verb stem:
* ''qw'''l'''mw'''b'''kw'''j''''' = to preside
* ''qw'''b'''mw'''d'''kw'''g''''' = to speak
* ''qw'''x'''mw'''b'''kw'''b''''' = to hear
* ''qw'''j'''mw'''g'''kw'''d''''' = to see
* ''qw'''b'''mw'''x'''kw'''s''''' = to eat
* ''qw'''z'''mw'''x'''kw'''v''''' = to drink


: ''dia Γīw; slāM alēkum'' - greeting
Some roots are bitonal:
: ''diaS Mirə Γīw; alēkum slāM'' - reply
* ''qw'''x'''kw'''j''''' 'to stand'
: ''aLLəh'' - God
* ''qw'''s'''kw'''s''''' 'to go, to walk'
: ''kəbīR'' - big
* ''qw'''b'''kw'''x''''' 'to fly'
: ''SəΓīR'' - small
=== Nouns ===
: ''u'' - unmarked word for "and"
The plural marker is ''-qoob'': ''mw'''b'''kw'''x''''' 'bird', ''mw'''b'''kw'''x'''qoob'' 'birds'.
: ''oGəS'' - form of "and" often used between two names (In Irta Corsica, the Tironian et was deferentially written out as ''ocus'' when between two names of saints, God etc.)
==== Patterns ====
:: ''ejsə oGəS Mirə'' = Jesus and Mary
(b-j-v 'to do' is used as the placeholder root)
:: ''f'isəm əl-misēr oGəS əl-ibən oGəS əR-Ruah Guddus'' = in the name of the Father, the Son and the Holy Spirit
:: ''ānə oGəS Dahī'' = Áine and Daithí
: ''əR-RəNDān'' = Lent
: ''Rī'' = king
: ''SaZW'' for Sadhbh? (Corsican Irish conservatism lost in other Irish dialects)


== History ==
=== Verbs ===
Corsica was ruled by Muslim Arabs (7th c. - 10th c.), then by the Irish (10th c. - 16th c.), then the French (16th c. - 19th c. Ireland ceded it to France when it was being threatened by Remonitionists and the Hivantish), then the Azalic English (19th c. - 20th c.). Corsica gained independence from the Azalic English in 1954.
{| class="wikitable"
 
|+ ''qwlmwlkwd'' 'to sleep'
Corsican Arabic evolved from a fictional vernacular Arabic variety which has the following features:
* qāf is unaspirated [q], sometimes voiced.
* Zā' and Dād are both [z{{phar}}~ð{{phar}}].
* hamza is retained.
 
== Phonology ==
Corsican Arabic has an almost complete set of emphatic (realized as pharyngealization)-nonemphatic pairs, formed from both native emphatic consonants (Classical Arabic T D S Z q became D Z S Z G) and borrowed Irish vocabulary. This article represents emphatic consonants with capitalized letters.
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
|-
|+'''Consonant phonemes in Corsican Arabic'''
! Person !! Non-past !! Past/Stative
!rowspan="2" colspan="2"|
!colspan="2" | Labial
!colspan="2" | Dental/Alveolar
!rowspan="2" | Postalveolar
!colspan="2" | Dorsal
!rowspan="2" | Glottal
|-
|-
! <small>plain</small>
! 1sg
! <small>phar.</small>
|| ''qoolmwlqwd'' || ''qwlkwlqoodqoox''
! <small>plain</small>
! <small>phar.</small>
! <small>plain</small>
! <small>phar.</small>
|-
|-
!colspan="2"| Nasal
! 2sg
| '''m''' m || '''M''' mˁ
|| ''koolmwlqwd'' || ''qwlkwlqoodkwt''
| '''n''' n̪ || '''N''' n̪ˁ
|
| [ŋ]
| [ɴ]
|
|-
|-
!rowspan="2" | Stop
! 3sg
!<small>aspirated</small>
|| ''moolmwlqwd'' || ''qwlkwlqood''
| '''p''' pʰ || '''P''' pˁʰ
| '''t''' t̪ʰ || '''T''' t̪ˁʰ
|
| '''k''' k&#799;ʰ
| '''K''' q&#799;ʰ
|rowspan=2|'''2''' ʔ
|-
|-
!<small>unaspirated</small>
! 1pl
| '''b''' b || '''B''' bˁ
|| ''qoolmwlqood'' || ''qwlkwlqoodqoov''
| '''d''' d̪ || '''D''' d̪ˁ
|
| '''g''' ɡ&#799;
| '''G''' ɢ&#799;
|-
|-
!rowspan="2"|Fricative
! 2pl
!<small>voiceless</small>
|| ''koolmwlqood'' || ''qwlkwlqoodkoov''
| '''f''' f || '''F''' fˁ
| '''s''' s || '''S''' sˁ
| '''š''' ʃ
| '''x''' x&#799; || '''X''' χ&#799;
| '''h''' h
|-
|-
!<small>voiced</small>
! 3pl
| '''w''' β || '''W''' wˁ
|| ''moolmwlqood'' || ''qwlkwlqoodmooj''
| '''z''' z  || '''Z''' zˁ~ðˁ
|
| '''j''' j || '''Γ''' ʁ&#799;
|
|-
|-
!colspan=2| Trill
! Participle
| || 
|colspan=2| ''moolqwlqwd''
| '''r''' r || '''R''' rˁ
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
!colspan=2| Lateral
! Verbal noun
| ||
|colspan=2| ''qwlmwlkwd''
| '''l''' l || '''L''' l̪ˁ
| 
|
|
|
|}
|}


voicing distinction in stops is realized like in Irish; G is usually [q⁼], W = [wˁ], w = [β&#798;], [β] before vowels
==== Patterns ====
 
(b-j-v 'to do' is used as the placeholder root)
t d T D n N L are dental


word-final nonemphatic consonants are slightly palatalized (relic of -i endings?)
Need nif3al and hif3il


Clusters may not follow bwb sws in native words or with Irish words put into Arabic patterns. Irish broad and slender consonants are borrowed as emphatic and nonemphatic consonants, respectively.
has a similar vowel inventory to Irish, with short /u/ (retained from Classical Arabic) realized as [y] after nonemphatic consonants and with more vowels from lost ayin
a i o u ə ā ē ī ō ū əj əw aj aw ea oa ia ua
a is [æ] after nonemphatics, [ɑ] after emphatics
i is [i] after nonemphatics, [ɪ] after emphatics
u is [ʏ] after nonemphatics, [ʊ] after emphatics
unstressed a is [ɐ], unstressed ə is [ʌ] after an emphatic and [ɜ&#799;] after a nonemphatic
== Morphology ==
should extract consonantal roots from Irish words
=== Pronouns ===
=== Pronouns ===
* inə, int, hu(wə), hi(jə), nahnə, intum, hum
No subject pronouns


=== Nouns ===
Pronominal affixes: todo
sound plurals: m. -0 > -īn, f. -ə > -āh;


m. pl. const. -ē
== Syntax ==
 
=== Word order ===
f. sg. const. -ət/-t (''Gījə'' 'prayer' -> ''Gīt'' 'prayer of', ''Gīti'' 'my prayer'); f. pl. const. -āt
Stolen from Lushootseed: predicate-first clauses and determiner-based noun phrases
 
emphasis spreading to the syllables after a posttonic emphatic
* Gījə 'prayer', Gīti 'my prayer'; Gītuh 'his prayer'
* taNGə 'language', taNGTi 'my language'; taNGTuh 'his language'; taNGijāh 'languages'
* baNəXT 'blessing; to bless', bəNāWiX 'blessings'?
 
todo: broken plurals
 
article əl- (moon) or əC- (sun); sun letters D d Z z T t L l N n S s R r š 
 
sg and sound pl fem possessives: -i -ək -uh -hə -nə -kum -hum
 
sound pl masc possessives: -ejjə -ēk -ēh -ēhə -ēnə -ēkum -ēhum
 
irish -ə nouns are borrowed as feminine -ə
 
head-marked (house.CONST DEF-king, house-3SG.M DEF-king) or double-marked possessives (house-SG.M DAT DEF-king)
 
=== Adjectives ===
all adjectives have the same declension: -0 -ə -īn -āh. Inanimate plurals are treated as sg fem
 
=== Verbs ===
retain passive binyanim as impersonal; maSdars work like Irish verbnouns
 
=== Prepositions ===
frē = against? frejjə, frēk, frēh, frēhə, frēnə, frēkum, frēhum
 
alə = on; alejjə, alēk, ...
 
mijejn 'about' (~ Scottish Gaelic mu dheidhinn): mijejni, mijejnək, mijejnih, mijejnhə, mijejnnə, mijejnkum, mijejnhum


fī is matched to faoi sometimes
=== Noun phrases ===
Noun phrases acting as constituents rather than as predicates need the determiner ''qw'':


=== Numerals ===
: Compare:
wāhəd, tnēn, tlātə, aRBa, hamsə, sittə, saba, tmānjə, disa, āšRə
:''Qw'''d'''kw'''l'''qw'''b''' qw qw'''b'''mw'''d'''qw'''g'''.''
: Qwbmwdqwg is easy.
:''Qw'''b'''mw'''d'''qw'''g''' kwt. Qoo Kwskwskwskws kwt.''
: This is Qwbmwdqwg. And this is Quququqquq.


== Syntax ==
=== Emphasis ===
Irish/Gàidhlig relex; VSO and verbnouns whose possessors are direct objects. Even more Irishy than Irta Modern Hebrew; grammar-wise it's the most Irishy Irtan Semlang.
The emphatic pronoun is ''koo'' in all persons and numbers. It serves the same role as Irish emphatic forms.


== Texts ==
* ''qoo'''s'''mw'''s''''' 'I go'
=== The Lord's Prayer ===
* ''qoo'''s'''mw'''s''' koo'' / ''koo qoo'''s'''mw'''s''''' '<i>I</i> go'
called ''əl-Padir'' or ''əl-misērnə''


[[Category:Semitic languages]]
[[Category:Conlangs]]
[[Category:Angai]]

Latest revision as of 01:36, 3 July 2025

In this versespace:

Verse talk:

Qwbmwdqwg /ʔə˥mə˨˩˨ʔə˧˩̤/ is a tritonal root language.

Phonology

  • vowels: ⟨w oo⟩ /ə ã/
  • consonants: ⟨q m k⟩ /ʔ m k~h/
  • tone letters are used at the end of syllables: ⟨-b -0 -x -s -t -j -v -g -d -z -l⟩ /˥ ˧ ˩˧ ˩ ˨˩ˀ ˥˧ ˨˦ ˧˩̤ ˨˩˨ ˧˦˧ ˧˩/

The -0 tone only occurs in function words and affixes.

Morphology

Most Qwbmwdqwg roots are tritonal. Some roots in the qwT1mwT2kwT3 verb stem:

  • qwlmwbkwj = to preside
  • qwbmwdkwg = to speak
  • qwxmwbkwb = to hear
  • qwjmwgkwd = to see
  • qwbmwxkws = to eat
  • qwzmwxkwv = to drink

Some roots are bitonal:

  • qwxkwj 'to stand'
  • qwskws 'to go, to walk'
  • qwbkwx 'to fly'

Nouns

The plural marker is -qoob: mwbkwx 'bird', mwbkwxqoob 'birds'.

Patterns

(b-j-v 'to do' is used as the placeholder root)

Verbs

qwlmwlkwd 'to sleep'
Person Non-past Past/Stative
1sg qoolmwlqwd qwlkwlqoodqoox
2sg koolmwlqwd qwlkwlqoodkwt
3sg moolmwlqwd qwlkwlqood
1pl qoolmwlqood qwlkwlqoodqoov
2pl koolmwlqood qwlkwlqoodkoov
3pl moolmwlqood qwlkwlqoodmooj
Participle moolqwlqwd
Verbal noun qwlmwlkwd

Patterns

(b-j-v 'to do' is used as the placeholder root)

Need nif3al and hif3il

Pronouns

No subject pronouns

Pronominal affixes: todo

Syntax

Word order

Stolen from Lushootseed: predicate-first clauses and determiner-based noun phrases

Noun phrases

Noun phrases acting as constituents rather than as predicates need the determiner qw:

Compare:
Qwdkwlqwb qw qwbmwdqwg.
Qwbmwdqwg is easy.
Qwbmwdqwg kwt. Qoo Kwskwskwskws kwt.
This is Qwbmwdqwg. And this is Quququqquq.

Emphasis

The emphatic pronoun is koo in all persons and numbers. It serves the same role as Irish emphatic forms.

  • qoosmws 'I go'
  • qoosmws koo / koo qoosmws 'I go'
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