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m IlL moved page Verse:Tadyrzu/Knench to Verse:Tdūrzů/Knench without leaving a redirect
 
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[[{{PAGENAME}}/Lexicon]]
'''Knench''' /nɛnt͡ʃ/ (natively /ˈkʰnɔ{{tilde}}ːnɪð/) is a divergent descendent of Canaanite spoken in Lõis Great Britain. It does not lose Semitic triconsonantal morphology, but it loses older Semitic conjugated verb forms in favor of a construction using the infinitive construct. Knench is the second largest Lõis British minority language after Welsh, in fact its syntax is similar to Colloquial Welsh.


[[{{PAGENAME}}/Swadesh list]]
The Knench were druids, kinda, before they converted to Christianity


l and r treated as in British English, Maghrebi-Arabic-like consonant clusters


{{Infobox language
Lots of nativized Latin loans, as in Welsh
|creator = [[User:IlL|IlL]]
|nativename = {{PAGENAME}}
|image =
|setting = [[User:IlL/Lõis|Lõis]]
|name = Modern Canaanite
|pronunciation = /knaːniθ/
|region =
|states =
|speakers =
|date =
|familycolor=afroasiatic
|fam1=Afro-Asiatic
|fam2=Semitic
|fam3=Central Semitic
|fam4=North Semitic
|fam5=Canaanite
|fam6=Hebrew
|fam7=[[Knánith/Old|Old Knánith]]
}}


'''Modern Canaanite''' (Canaanite: ''Knánith'' or ''sofø Knán'', Togarmite: ''Xnoniþ'') is the sole surviving descendant of Biblical Hebrew, spoken by the Knánem people in Lõis's Cyprus, Turkey, Armenia and the Levant. Some Lõisian rabbinical Jewish writings identify an early stage of the language with the Lost Tribes of Israel, though they lament the "heathen" religious practices (i.e. a form of [[Verse:Lõis/Θāħīdaθ an Hawūθ|Θāħīdaθ an Hawūθ]]) of the Knánem. This is not without cause, as the language preserves quite a few Biblical words and phraseology that fell out of use in Mishnaic Hebrew, though unlike Mishnaic and Israeli Hebrew its grammar was completely restructured to use auxiliaries instead of the older Hebrew tenses, under the influence of Celtic languages.
/ʏ/ (more central than front, as in Icelandic) <- unstressed Vw; /ʊ/ <- unstressed Vl; /ə/ <- unstressed Vr


It's inspired grammatically by Welsh, and aesthetically by Cockney English and Portuguese.
samekh -> /tsʰ/, tsade -> /ts/, zayin -> /z/, sin/shin -> /s/


Numbers:  
definite suffix: /-əz/ singular; /-ʊ/, dialectally /-əl/ plural
0-10: afs, ódh (inanimate)/áth (animate), šnay, šluš, arbą, homiš, šeš, šewą, šmun, tešą, ngaxør


11-20: ódh/áth ngaxør, šnay ngaxør, šluš ngaxør, arbą ngaxør, homiš ngaxør, šeš ngaxør, šew ngaxør, hmun ngaxør, tešą ngaxør, ngaxrim
Heth and he merge


40: stay ngaxrim
pronouns:  
* 1sg /ɪ/, (after vowel) /nɪ/
* 2sg /tʰə/
* 3sg m /hʏ/
* 3sg f /hɪ/
* 1pl /nʏ/
* 2pl /tʰəm/
* 3pl /həm/, (after vowel) /‿m/


60: šluš ngaxrim
Prepositions inflect Colloquial Welsh-style


...
/-əs/ becomes the default feminine suffix; e.g. /luːh/ 'god/God', /luːhəs/ 'goddess'


120: merkø
h-g-y 'to savor'


14400: rúø
ʔ-h-b 'love': /hyːb/ |ʔhyːb| 'dear, beloved'


before: kkorm
k-b-r 'big': /kʰəˈpiːə̯/ |kʰəbbiːr| 'big'


<!--  
g-d-l which has merged with q-T-l means 'tyranny, violence, cruelty': /ktuː/ |gduːl| 'tyrant, tyrannical'


This is a short reminder of the language format policy.
ʔ-š-r (''ser'' 'sacred tree' -> 'soul')


I. Write a short piece stating your intents and purposes when creating the language (Design goal, inspiration, ideas, and so on).
One derivation I'm proud of is Knench młur ’daily life, waking life’ (hypothetical mâʕôr in Hebrew from biliteral ʕ-r 'awake')
II. Write a short introduction to your language. (Who speaks it? When was it created? By whom? or what? are some example questions that can be answered here)
III. Once done, try making sure everything is properly spelt so as to avoid unnecessary reader fatigue.


-->
== Phonology ==
Knench phonology is complex, with underlying phonemes resulting in multiple phones depending on the phonetic environment (most importantly, stressed versus unstressed syllables; prevocalic or non-prevocalic for certain laryngeals)
=== Vowels ===
=== Consonants ===
==== Phones ====
==== Underlying consonants ====
* |ʔ| from Old Knench /ʔ/
* |b| from Old Knench /b/
* |g| from Old Knench /g/ and /q/
* |d| from Old Knench /d/ and /tˁ/
* |h| from Old Knench /h/
* |w| from Old Knench /w/
* |z| from Old Knench /z/ (from PSem *z and ð)
* |ħ| from Old Knench /ħ/ (from PSem *x and *ħ)
* |j| from Old Knench /j/
* |kʰ| from Old Knench /k/
* |l| from Old Knench /l/
* |m| from Old Knench /m/
* |n| from Old Knench /n/
* |tsʰ| from Old Knench /ts/ (from PSem *s)
* |ʁ{{tilde}}| from Old Knench /ʕ/ (from PSem *ɣ and *ʕ)
* |f| from Old Knench /p/
* |ts| from Old Knench /tsˁ/ (from PSem *s{{cdb}}, *ś{{cdb}}, and *θ{{cdb}})
* |r| from Old Knench /r/
* |s| from Old Knench /s/ (from PSem *š, *ś, and *θ)
* |tʰ| from Old Knench /t/


==Orthography==
==== Vocalizables ====
Knánith is written in an alphabet descended from the Proto-Hebrew script.
''Vocalizables'' are underlying consonants that have vocalized forms when reduced or manifest as vowel lengthening or closing elements of diphthongs. These are: |ʔ|, |h|, |r|, |ʁ{{tilde}}|, |l|, and |w|.


==TODO==
=== Mutation ===
*Swadesh list
*''bel-, ble-'' is a common prefix (conflation of ben- and ba3al-)
*''biuth'' or ''šą še...'' = when...
*Many adverbs are froma infinitive absolute
*''likkori'' = to die (lit. be called)
*''šovuą'' = week
*''midhborø'' = conference
*נא becomes a focus marker ''=nø''
**question marker ''a ... [FOCUS]=nø''
*Philippi should be weaker: i > e, instead of the TibH i > a (*bint > ''bett'' 'daughter'; TibH ''baṫ'')
*''Makhin yo ngalekh likkori?'' = Why did you have to die?


IE-inspired sound changes
== Morphology ==
*non-rhoticity, H-dropping
=== Verbs ===
*ħ > h; *ħt > kht
Citation form is the singular imperative (same as the bare infinitive construct)
*dt, tt > st


==Phonology==
Knench verbs can be from inherited binyanim (fłul, iffłel, itfəłłel, fəłłel, afłel, istəfłel) or from noun patterns (Assumes speakers are aware of literal meanings of the syntactic constructions)
===Orthography===
===Consonants===
/m p b f v n t d θ ð ts s z ʃ ŋ k g x h l w j ɹ~ʋ/ {{angbr|''m p b f v n t d th dh ts s/x z š ng k g kh h l w y r''}}
 
Glottal reinforcement (transcribed by ''tt kk'', pronounced /ʔt ʔk/) occurs before historical Biblical Hebrew emphatics /tʼ kʼ tsʼ/, and also analogically in some other cases (cf. Glottalic PIE > RP English).
 
Biblical Hebrew /l/ became /w/ in some places, especially before C.
====Mutations====
Words can undergo initial lenition, as in Irish and Tiberian Hebrew:
 
p- b- t- d- k- g- > f- v- th- dh- kh- Ø-
 
===Vowels===
Knánith has many vowels:
 
/a e ɪ ɔ ʊ ə ɛː aɪ əɪ äɤ ɨː~əɨ ɑ̃ː/ = {{angbr|a e i o u ø á é í ó ú ą}}
 
Diphthongs: aw ew iw ow uw /æː aw iw ow uw/
 
ar er ir or ur ør /ɑː(ɹ) eə(ɹ) iə(ɹ) oʊ~oː(ɹ) ɜː(ɹ) ɜː(ɹ)/
 
===Prosody===
====Stress====
Stress is always penultimate, except with some verbs where the lV- prefix does not have the stress.
 
====Intonation====
 
===Phonotactics===
<!-- Explain the consonant clusters and vowel clusters that are permissible for use in the language. For example, "st" is an allowed consonant cluster in English while onset "ng" isn't. -->
===Morphophonology===
 
==Morphology==
Knánith has lost the verbal inflections and triconsonantal morphology of Biblical Hebrew.
 
<!-- Here are some example subcategories:
 
Nouns
Adjectives
Verbs
Adverbs
Particles
Derivational morphology
 
-->
===Nouns and adjectives===
Nouns inflect for number and definiteness. Adjectives agree with nouns in number.
 
Knánith has lost grammatical gender.
 
*The regular "feminine" singular suffix is -ø or -th.
*The regular "masculine" plural suffix is -em or -e.
*The regular "feminine" plural is -uth.
*However, there are many irregular plurals, especially nouns derived from construct state constructions. e.g. ''benuš, blenuš'' = human
 
''køfor, køforem'' = village, villages
 
''bakkbøkk, bakkbøkkem'' = bottle, bottles
 
''i, iem'' = island, islands
 
''kišø, kišuth'' = cucumber, cucumbers
 
''gøfø, gøfuth'' = corpse, corpses
 
''takkrith, takkriyuth'' = incident, incidents
 
Canaanite has lost the construct state. The only remnant of the construct state is the -th- interfix used in possessive constructions between two nouns that end and begin with a vowel, respectively: e.g.
*''hadhør-mittø'' 'bedroom'
*''ngønove-th-anf'' 'the grapes of wrath'
*''nøšomø-th-ahwø'' 'spirit of brotherhood'
 
Degree markers:
*Equative: ''de-'' = as X as; equally X; X enough
*Excessive: ''ro-'' = too (from Celtic)
*Comparative/Superlative: ''-ter'' = more X or most X; comparandum takes ''broth'' 'than' (from Biblical Hebrew ''*birʔōṫī ʔeṫ'' 'when I see ACC')
 
===Verbs===
Almost all verbs use only one form, usually the inherited Biblical infinitive construct, prefixed with ''l-''. Even for imperatives: ''Lathett lo hi!'' = 'Give it to her!' Some verbs instead are derived from other nouns derived from the triconsonantal root rather than the infinitive of a particular verb.
 
====Inflected lexical verbs====
There are only five inflected lexical verbs (i.e. verbs with inflected past and future forms):
*''lovu'' 'to come'
*''lalakht'' 'to go'
*''lakkakht'' 'to get'
*''lathett'' 'to give'
*''ląsuth'' 'to do'
 
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="greentable lightgreenbg" style="width: 700px; text-align:center;"
|+ Inflected verbs in Knánith
! style="width: 75px; "| → Person
! style="width: 75px; " | I
! style="width: 75px; " | thou (m)
! style="width: 75px; " | thou (f)
! style="width: 75px; " | he/it
! style="width: 75px; " | she
! style="width: 75px; " | we
! style="width: 75px; " | blotp
! style="width: 75px; " | they
! | Non-pronominal
|-
! "to come" (future)
| ''vul i''
| ''tvul to''
| ''tvuli te''
| ''vul u''
| ''tvul hi''
| ''nvul nu''
| ''tvulu tem''
| ''vulu'm''
| ''vul/tvul''
|-
! "to come" (past)
| ''bowt i''
| ''bowt to''
| ''bowt te''
| ''bow u''
| ''bolø hi''
| ''bown nu''
| ''bowt tem''
| ''bolu'm''
| ''bow/bolø''
|-
! "to go" (future)
| ''lekh i''
| ''tlekh to''
| ''tlekh te''
| ''lekh u''
| ''tlekh hi''
| ''lekh nu''
| ''tlekhu tem''
| ''lekhu'm''
| ''lekh/tlekh''
|-
! "to go" (past)
| ''lakht i''
| ''lakht to''
| ''lakht te''
| ''lakh u''
| ''lakhø hi''
| ''lakhnø nu''
| ''lakht tem''
| ''lakhu'm''
| ''lakh/lakhø''
|-
! "to get" (future)
| ''kekh i''
| ''tkekh to''
| ''tkekh te''
| ''kekh u''
| ''tkekh hi''
| ''kekh nu''
| ''tkekhu tem''
| ''kekhu'm''
| ''kekh/tkekh''
|-
! "to get" (past)
| ''kakht i''
| ''kakht to''
| ''kakht te''
| ''kakh u''
| ''kakhø hi''
| ''kakhnø nu''
| ''kakht tem''
| ''kakhu'm''
| ''kakh/kakhø''
|-
! "to give" (future)
| ''ten i''
| ''ten to''
| ''tni te''
| ''ten u''
| ''ten hi''
| ''ten nu''
| ''tnu tem''
| ''tnu'm''
| ''ten''
|-
! "to give" (past)
| ''nakht i''
| ''nakht to''
| ''nakht te''
| ''nakh u''
| ''nakhø hi''
| ''nakhnø nu''
| ''nakht tem''
| ''nakhu'm''
| ''nakh/nakhø''
|}
 
Non-pronominal forms agree in gender only with a singular subject; the feminine is only used with women and females. With plural subjects the masculine singular form is used.
 
====Regular pa3al verbs====
The regular pattern is *liCCuC.
 
====-t verbs====
Many of these verbs got the glottally reinforced -tt from -ʔt. The -tt then analogically spread to other verbs.
*lalakht /laˈlaxt/ = to go
*lakkakht /laʔˈkaxt/ = to take
*lasakht /laˈsaxt/ = to go back
*lašaft /laˈʃaft/ = to sit
*lathett /laˈθeʔt/ = to give
*lalast /laˈlast/ = to be born
*lasett /laˈseʔt/ = to carry
*latsett /laˈtseʔt/ = to go out
*lasątt /laˈsãːʔt/ = to travel
*laghątt /laˈɣãːʔt/ = to hit
*ladhątt /laˈðãːʔt/ = to know
*lattątt /laʔˈtãːʔt/ = to plant
 
====Regular nif3al====
The regular pattern is *liCoCiC where the first C is not lenited.
 
====Regular pi3el====
The regular pattern is *løCaCiC or *løCiCuC where the middle C is not lenited.
 
====Regular hif3il====
The regular pattern is *laCCiC, *leCCeC, or *laCCoCø.
 
====Regular hithpa3el====
The regular pattern is *lithCaCiC where the middle C is not lenited.
====Other verbs====
Other verbs come from noun derivation patterns, or from earlier verb + noun collocations.
 
Any noun can also be verbed by prefixing ''lø-''.
 
===Auxiliaries===
Knánith has an auxiliary verb system similar to Colloquial Welsh. In addition, there is a T-V distinction: the 2nd person plural ''tem'' is also used as a polite pronoun.
 
The non-pronominal present auxiliary ''re'' (which may cause lenition depending on dialect) may be omitted in subordinate clauses:
*''Re Dowedh ngal lišun'' = David is about to sleep
*''Biuth (re) Dowedh ngal lišun'' = When David is about to sleep
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="greentable lightgreenbg" style="width: 700px; text-align:center;"
|+ Various auxiliaries in Knánith
! style="width: 75px; "| → Person
! style="width: 75px; " | I
! style="width: 75px; " | thou (m)
! style="width: 75px; " | thou (f)
! style="width: 75px; " | he/it
! style="width: 75px; " | she
! style="width: 75px; " | we
! style="width: 75px; " | blotp
! style="width: 75px; " | they
! | Non-pronominal
|-
! Present (''re, r' '' is from רְאֵה ''*rVʔē'' 'look!')
| ''ni, i''
| ''to''
| ''te''
| ''u''
| ''hi''
| ''nu''
| ''tem''
| ''em''
| ''re'', ''r' '' before V
|-
! Present emphatic (inflected forms of עוֹד)
| ''ngud i''
| ''ngud to''
| ''ngud te''
| ''nguden u''
| ''nguden hi''
| ''ngud nu''
| ''ngud tem''
| ''ngud em''
| ''ngud''
|-
! Interrogative (from הַאִם, -nø must be added to the focused word)
| ''am ni, am i''
| ''am to''
| ''am te''
| ''am u''
| ''am hi''
| ''am nu''
| ''am tem''
| ''am em''
| ''am''
|-
! Past (from perfect of עָשָׂה 'to do')
| ''si ni, sit i, sit ni''
| ''sit to''
| ''sit te''
| ''so u''
| ''sto hi''
| ''sin nu''
| ''sit tem''
| ''su'm''
| ''so/sto''
|-
! Future/Subjunctive (from imperfect of עָשָׂה 'to do')
| ''ąs i''
| ''tąs to''
| ''tąs te''
| ''yąs u''
| ''tąs hi''
| ''nąs nu''
| ''tąsu tem''
| ''yąsu'm''
| ''yąs/tąs''
|-
! Passive present (from imperfect of עָבַר 'to pass')
| ''ur ni, ur i''
| ''tur to''
| ''tri te''
| ''yur u''
| ''tur hi''
| ''nur nu''
| ''tru tem''
| ''ru'm''
| ''yur/tur''
|-
! Passive past (from perfect of עָבַר 'to pass')
| ''var ni, var i, vart i''
| ''vart to''
| ''vart te''
| ''var u''
| ''vro hi''
| ''varn nu''
| ''vart tem''
| ''vru'm''
| ''var/vro''
|-
! "May" (from imperfect of לָקַח 'to take')
| ''kekh i''
| ''tkekh to''
| ''tkekh te''
| ''kekh u''
| ''tkekh hi''
| ''kekh nu''
| ''tkekhu tem''
| ''kekhu'm''
| ''kekh/tkekh/kekhu''
|-
! "Do X more" - present (from imperfect of הוֹסִיף 'to add')
| ''usif i''
| ''tusif to''
| ''tusif te''
| ''yusif u''
| ''tusif hi''
| ''nusif nu''
| ''tusif tem''
| ''yusifu'm''
| ''usift/tusif/yusifu''
|-
! "Do X more" - past (from perfect of הוֹסִיף 'to add')
| ''seft i''
| ''seft to''
| ''seft te''
| ''sif u''
| ''sifø hi''
| ''sef nu''
| ''seft tem''
| ''sifu'm''
| ''sif/sifu''
|-
! Cautionary (from imperfect of זָמַם 'to scheme')
| ''zum i''
| ''tøzum to''
| ''tøzum te''
| ''zum u''
| ''tøzum hi''
| ''nøzum nu''
| ''tøzmu tem''
| ''zmu'm''
| ''zum/tøzum/zmu''
|-
! "X well" - present (from imperfect of הֵיטִיב 'to do well')
| ''attev i''
| ''tattev to''
| ''tattvi te''
| ''yattev u''
| ''tattev hi''
| ''nattev nu''
| ''tattev tem''
| ''yattevu'm''
| ''yattev/tattev/yattevu''
|-
! "X well" - past (from perfect of הֵיטִיב 'to do well')
| ''ettevt i''
| ''ettevt to''
| ''ettevt te''
| ''ettev u''
| ''ettivø hi''
| ''ettev nu''
| ''ettevt tem''
| ''ettevu'm''
| ''ettev''
|}
=====Cautionary future=====
The auxiliary for the cautionary future comes from the Biblical Hebrew verb ''*zāmam'' 'to scheme'. It's used to:
* warn the listener of a future event or contingency:
** '''''Zum''' sąraz tha lovu henø kol ngeth.'' = 'The storm might come here any moment.'
** '''''Zum''' tafkestaz mul lith kovuą hettev!'' = 'The map might not be well-defined! [in a hypothetical math lecture, cautioning against a tacit assumption the audience might make]'
* often used in a threatening manner, for example: ''Lakh to mul yedhą ma '''zum''' i ląsuth lakh to!'' = 'You have no idea what I'm gonna do to you!'
====Object pronouns====
Object pronouns are not different from subject pronouns, except ''kho/khe/khem'' may be found instead of ''to/te/tem'' in some dialects.
 
===Prepositions===
Prepositions inflect like in Welsh: for pronominal prepositional objects, usually the preposition is inflected and is followed by the independent pronoun.
 
example of a Knánith inflected preposition: lø "for"; bø 'in, at' is inflected similarly
*1sg: li, li ni
*2sg.m: lakh to
*2sg.f: lakh te
*3sg.m: lomu hu
*3sg.f: lomi hi
*1pl. lonu nu
*2pl. lakhøm tem
*3pl. lomu'm
 
==Syntax==
===Constituent order===
The order is tense-subject-verb-object.
 
:'''''R'išaz bø lékhul tapuhaz.'''''
:''The man is eating the apple.''
 
:'''''Re beth-u bø dhe-rul kø liyothøn.'''''
:''His house is as big as a whale.''
 
:'''''Sto hi tha ląsuth halkkbetho hi bø rø-múhør.'''''
:''She did her homework too late.''
 
The negative particle ''mul'' (from ''mə'umâ lo'' 'not anything') comes after the subject pronoun and before the verb.
 
===Faulty accusative===
Knánith has the faulty accusative particle ''tha'' (from Biblical Hebrew ''ʔeṫ ha-''). It is not used for all direct objects, but only for constituents that are separated from their heads. ''Tha'' may also be used before the verbal noun when using an auxiliary: ''Hettev hu tha litfus doghem.'' = She was good at catching fish.
 
===Noun phrase===
The definite article is a clitic:
*Singular: -az (after C) or -zu (after V)
*Plural: -iw
Examples:
*''hadhør'' = a room
*''hadhraz'' = the room
*''hadhrem'' = rooms
*''hadhriw'' = the rooms
*''hadhør grú'' = a big room
*''hadhør grulaz'' = the big room (< ''hah-hadhər hag-gâdhol haz-ze'')
*''botem grulem'' = big houses
*''botem gruliw'' = the big houses
 
There is no construct state, unlike in Biblical Hebrew. Genitives are expressed with concatenation: ''šem-mawkaz'' = the king's name.
 
To say "this X" or "that X", ''X-az fu'' and ''X-az šom'' (lit. "the X here" and "the X there") are used. To say "this" and "that", you say ''ze fu'' and ''ze šom'' (where the ''ze'' becomes ''ilø'' in the plural).
 
The abstract demonstrative is ''zuth''.
 
===Verb phrase===
*re Pam '''ngal''' lalakht = Pam is about to go
*re Pam '''dhøš''' lalakht = Pam has just went
*re Pam '''bi''' lalakht = Pam has not went
 
===Sentence phrase===
===Complementizer===
There is a complementizer ''mur'' (from לאמר ''lēmōr'') or ''zuth'' (from זאת) depending on dialect. This is different from relative clauses, which use ''še'' (from אשר ''ʔăšer'').
 
==Vocabulary==
Many words are formed form earlier construct state combinations, and are sometimes unrecognizable:
*''anvinin, anevinin'' 'brick' from אבני בניין ''*ʔaḃ(a)nē ḃinyān'' 'building stones'
*''šavgom'' 'carnage, destruction' from שפך דם ''*šáṗek̇ dām'' 'spilling of blood'
*''ngemem, ngememuth'' 'source' from עין מים ''ʕēn máyem'' 'spring of water'
*''løseppin'' 'to like' from נשא פני lit. 'lift the face of' meaning 'to favor'
*''kulaliv'' 'conscience' from קול הלב lit. 'voice of the heart'
 
Although it is attested in late Biblical Hebrew (e.g. Song of Songs), the CăCiCâ verbal noun pattern is not as productive as in Mishnaic Hebrew.
 
*ben-, pl. ble- = agentive
*beth-, pl. bate- = place noun
 
==Example texts==
===UDHR, Article 1===
:'''''Kol blenušiw vru'm lalest kø hofšem; hem šowim ngaw kovdaz ke tsrokkuthiw. Vru'm lifkudh bø vinø ke kulaliv, ke re ngalem lalakht ngem šuthif bø nøšomø-th-ahwø.'''''
:all human/PL-DEF.PL.M PASS.PRES-3PL be_born as free-M.PL; 3PL equal-PL on dignity-DEF.SG and right-DEF.F.PL. PASS.PRES-3PL entrust with understanding and conscience, and PRES on-3PL walk with one_another with spirit-EZAFE-brotherhood.
:''All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act toward one another in a spirit of brotherhood.''
 
===Tower of Babel===
# ''Var bø khol tevilaz tha zuthø sofø lødhabir ke luthøm miluthiw lešamiš.''
# ''Wini khi su'm bø lasątt me mikadhøm, su'm litakkiw bø mišuraz Šinngor ke lithyašev šom.''
# ''Ke su'm mur: "Enø, butonu ląsuth anevinin ke lattev léfut h em." Ke su anevininiw løšamiš lom em kø avoniw, ke hemør kø mawtt.''
# ''Ke su'm mur: "Enø, butonu levnuth kiriø ke mídøl bomi hi, yąs rušu hu lagią ląluth le šomayem, ke nąs nu ląsuth lonu šem, ke klu nąs nu lithpazir pli kol tevilaz!"''
# ''Wini Eluim so u lovu larest, ki yąs u lávitt bø kiriøzu ke mídølaz še yu blenušiw bø livnuth.''
# ''Ke Eluim so u lemur: "Šą še su'm hátholø ląsuth zuth kø hódh ngom še bø lødhabir háth sofø,  yiye mum mikhšul mul lø madovør še yąsu løzumim ląsuth!''
# ''"Enø, bu tonu lalakht larest ke løvawbiw sofø-th-em, klu yąsu'm lávin šuthif."''
# ''Ku Eluim so u løfazir em, ke su'm ládul levnuth kiriøzu.''
# ''Ke me sibøzu fu še kiriøzu bø lakkakht šemaz "Boviw" -- šom so Eluim løvawbiw sofø kol tevilaz. Me šom so Eluim løfazir em pli kol tevilaz.''
 
===Schleicher's Fable===
 
==Phrasebook==
When three forms are given, the forms are for addressing one male informally, one female informally, and multiple people or formal language.
*''Šolum!'' or ''Šolum 'lekhem!'' = Hello!
*''Eluim hevi kho/khe/khem!'' = Welcome! (lit. God has brought you)
*''in tre/tri/tru kø thuv'' = Please
**also ''plíz'' (from English)
 
<!-- Example: Word order, qualifiers, determinatives, branching, etc. -->
 
<!-- Template area -->
 
 
[[Category:{{PAGENAME}}]]
[[Category:Languages]]
[[Category:Lõis]]
[[Category:Semitic languages]]

Latest revision as of 21:51, 5 July 2025

Knench /nɛnt͡ʃ/ (natively /ˈkʰnɔ̃ːnɪð/) is a divergent descendent of Canaanite spoken in Lõis Great Britain. It does not lose Semitic triconsonantal morphology, but it loses older Semitic conjugated verb forms in favor of a construction using the infinitive construct. Knench is the second largest Lõis British minority language after Welsh, in fact its syntax is similar to Colloquial Welsh.

The Knench were druids, kinda, before they converted to Christianity

l and r treated as in British English, Maghrebi-Arabic-like consonant clusters

Lots of nativized Latin loans, as in Welsh

/ʏ/ (more central than front, as in Icelandic) <- unstressed Vw; /ʊ/ <- unstressed Vl; /ə/ <- unstressed Vr

samekh -> /tsʰ/, tsade -> /ts/, zayin -> /z/, sin/shin -> /s/

definite suffix: /-əz/ singular; /-ʊ/, dialectally /-əl/ plural

Heth and he merge

pronouns:

  • 1sg /ɪ/, (after vowel) /nɪ/
  • 2sg /tʰə/
  • 3sg m /hʏ/
  • 3sg f /hɪ/
  • 1pl /nʏ/
  • 2pl /tʰəm/
  • 3pl /həm/, (after vowel) /‿m/

Prepositions inflect Colloquial Welsh-style

/-əs/ becomes the default feminine suffix; e.g. /luːh/ 'god/God', /luːhəs/ 'goddess'

h-g-y 'to savor'

ʔ-h-b 'love': /hyːb/ |ʔhyːb| 'dear, beloved'

k-b-r 'big': /kʰəˈpiːə̯/ |kʰəbbiːr| 'big'

g-d-l which has merged with q-T-l means 'tyranny, violence, cruelty': /ktuː/ |gduːl| 'tyrant, tyrannical'

ʔ-š-r (ser 'sacred tree' -> 'soul')

One derivation I'm proud of is Knench młur ’daily life, waking life’ (hypothetical mâʕôr in Hebrew from biliteral ʕ-r 'awake')

Phonology

Knench phonology is complex, with underlying phonemes resulting in multiple phones depending on the phonetic environment (most importantly, stressed versus unstressed syllables; prevocalic or non-prevocalic for certain laryngeals)

Vowels

Consonants

Phones

Underlying consonants

  • |ʔ| from Old Knench /ʔ/
  • |b| from Old Knench /b/
  • |g| from Old Knench /g/ and /q/
  • |d| from Old Knench /d/ and /tˁ/
  • |h| from Old Knench /h/
  • |w| from Old Knench /w/
  • |z| from Old Knench /z/ (from PSem *z and ð)
  • |ħ| from Old Knench /ħ/ (from PSem *x and *ħ)
  • |j| from Old Knench /j/
  • |kʰ| from Old Knench /k/
  • |l| from Old Knench /l/
  • |m| from Old Knench /m/
  • |n| from Old Knench /n/
  • |tsʰ| from Old Knench /ts/ (from PSem *s)
  • |ʁ̃| from Old Knench /ʕ/ (from PSem *ɣ and *ʕ)
  • |f| from Old Knench /p/
  • |ts| from Old Knench /tsˁ/ (from PSem *ṣ, *ṣ́, and *θ̣)
  • |r| from Old Knench /r/
  • |s| from Old Knench /s/ (from PSem *š, *ś, and *θ)
  • |tʰ| from Old Knench /t/

Vocalizables

Vocalizables are underlying consonants that have vocalized forms when reduced or manifest as vowel lengthening or closing elements of diphthongs. These are: |ʔ|, |h|, |r|, |ʁ̃|, |l|, and |w|.

Mutation

Morphology

Verbs

Citation form is the singular imperative (same as the bare infinitive construct)

Knench verbs can be from inherited binyanim (fłul, iffłel, itfəłłel, fəłłel, afłel, istəfłel) or from noun patterns (Assumes speakers are aware of literal meanings of the syntactic constructions)

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