Modern Crimean Gothic: Difference between revisions

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Gutisch Razde, or simply Gutisch (Cyrillic: '''гутиш''') is a Germanic language spoken by approximately 45,000 people on the southern coast of the Crimean Peninsula. It is an East Germanic language, closely related to Biblical Gothic, however the language is not a lineal descendant of Biblical Gothic. Nonetheless the speakers refer to themselves as "Goths" and their language still shares enough similarities with Gothic to be considered related. The language is critically endangered, with only a handful of native speakers remaining, with most acquiring the language as an L2.
Modern Gothic is a Germanic language spoken by approximately 600,000 people on the Crimean Peninsula. It is an East Germanic language, closely related to Biblical Gothic, however the language is not a lineal descendant of Biblical Gothic. Nonetheless the speakers refer to themselves as "Goths" and their language still shares enough similarities with Gothic to be considered related. The language is critically endangered, with only a handful of native speakers remaining, with most acquiring the language as an L2.


== Phonology ==
== Phonology ==
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|-
|-
! Nasal
! Nasal
| m ||  || n ||  || ŋ
| m ||  || n ||  ||
|-
|-
! Plosive
! Plosive
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|-
|-
! Approximant
! Approximant
| w ||  ||  || j ||  
| ||  ||  || j ||  
|}
|}


*In loanwords only
*In loanwords only


The vowel inventory of Gutisch is rather small for a Germanic language: it hosts only six different kinds of vowels, five of which can be lengthened.
=== Vowels ===
The vowel inventory of Modern Gothic is rather atypical for a Germanic language, having only ten vowels in total. Schwa is usually analyzed as an allophone of /ɛ/.


{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
|+ Vowel phonemes of Gutisch Razde
!        !! Front !! Central !! Back
!        !! Front !! Central !! Back
|-
|-
! Close
! Close
| i iː ||  || u uː
| ɪ iː ||  || ʊ uː
|-
|-
! Mid
! Mid
| e eː || ə* || ɔ ɔː
| ɛ eː || (ə) || ɔ oː
|-
|-
! Open
! Open
| || a aː ||  
| || a ||  
|}
|}
*In unstressed syllables only


== Nouns ==
== Nouns ==


=== Strong Masculine Stems ===
=== S-Stem Nouns ===


The largest category of nouns in Gutisch are the strong masculine nouns. They derive from the masculine Proto-Germanic a-, i-, and u-stems, as well as a handful of consonant stems. Example of a weak masculine stem noun, ''dachs'' (day):
The largest category of nouns in Gutisch are the s-stem nouns. They derive from the masculine Proto-Germanic a-, i-, and u-stems, as well as a handful of consonant stems. Example of an s-stem noun, ''дахс'' (day):


{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
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|-
|-
! Nominative
! Nominative
| dachs || dages
| дахс || дагес
|-
! Accusative
| dach || dagens
|-
! Dative
| dage || dagem
|-
! Genitive
| dages || dage
|-
|}
 
=== Weak Masculine Stems ===
 
Weak masculine stems are inherited exclusively from Proto-Germanic an-stem masculine nouns. Example of a weak masculine stem noun, ''miene'' (moon):
 
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
! Case !! Singular !! Plural
|-
|-
! Nominative
! Vocative
| miene || mienens
| дах || дагес
|-
|-
! Accusative
! Accusative
| miene || mienens
| дах || дагенс
|-
|-
! Dative
! Dative
| mienen || mienem
| даге || дагем
|-
|-
! Genitive
! Genitive
| mienens || mienene
| дагес || даге
|-
|-
|}
|}


=== Strong Feminine Stems ===
=== N-Stem Nouns ===
Strong feminine stems are made up of former Proto-Germanic ō-, ī- and jō-stem feminine nouns. Example of a strong feminine stem noun, ''razde'' (language):


{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
N-stems are inherited from Proto-Germanic an-, ōn- and in-stem nouns. They can be any gender. Example of an n-stem noun, ''мѥне'' (moon):
! Case !! Singular !! Plural
|-
! Nominative
| razde || razdes
|-
! Accusative
| razde || razdes
|-
! Dative
| razde || razdem
|-
! Genitive
| razdes || razde
|-
|}
 
=== Weak Feminine Stems ===
 
Weak feminine stems are made up of former Proto-Germanic ōn- and in-stem feminine nouns. Example of a weak feminine stem noun, ''tunge'' (tongue):


{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
! Case !! Singular !! Plural
! Case !! Singular !! Plural
|-
|-
! Nominative
! Nominative/<br>Vocative/<br>Accusative
| tunge || tungens
| мѥне || мѥненс
|-
! Accusative
| tungen || tungens
|-
! Dative
| tungen || tungem
|-
! Genitive
| tungens || tungene
|-
|}
 
=== Strong Neuter Stems ===
 
Strong neuter stems are made up of former Proto-Germanic a- and u-stem neuters. Example of a strong neuter stem noun, ''broeth'' (bread):
 
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
! Case !! Singular !! Plural
|-
! Nominative
| broeth || broede
|-
! Accusative
| broeth || broede
|-
|-
! Dative
! Dative
| broede || broedem
| мѥнен || мѥнем
|-
|-
! Genitive
! Genitive
| broedes || broede
| мѥненс || мѥнене
|-
|-
|}
|}


=== Weak Neuter Stems ===
[[Category: Indo-European_languages]][[Category: Germanic languages]][[Category: East Germanic languages]][[Category: Languages]][[Category: Conlangs]][[Category: A_posteriori]]
 
Mariupol Gothic weak neuter stems are inherited exclusively from Proto-Germanic an-stem neuters. Example of a weak neuter stem noun, ''oege''* (eye):
 
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
! Case !! Singular !! Plural
|-
! Nominative
| oege || oegene
|-
! Accusative
| oege || oegene
|-
! Dative
| oegen || oegem
|-
! Genitive
| oegens || oegene
|-
|}

Latest revision as of 03:11, 7 June 2026


Modern Gothic is a Germanic language spoken by approximately 600,000 people on the Crimean Peninsula. It is an East Germanic language, closely related to Biblical Gothic, however the language is not a lineal descendant of Biblical Gothic. Nonetheless the speakers refer to themselves as "Goths" and their language still shares enough similarities with Gothic to be considered related. The language is critically endangered, with only a handful of native speakers remaining, with most acquiring the language as an L2.

Phonology

Consonants

Labial Dental Alveolar Palatal Velar
Nasal m n
Plosive p b t d t͡ʃ k *g
Fricative f v θ s z ʃ x ɣ
Liquid r l
Approximant j
  • In loanwords only

Vowels

The vowel inventory of Modern Gothic is rather atypical for a Germanic language, having only ten vowels in total. Schwa is usually analyzed as an allophone of /ɛ/.

Front Central Back
Close ɪ iː ʊ uː
Mid ɛ eː (ə) ɔ oː
Open a

Nouns

S-Stem Nouns

The largest category of nouns in Gutisch are the s-stem nouns. They derive from the masculine Proto-Germanic a-, i-, and u-stems, as well as a handful of consonant stems. Example of an s-stem noun, дахс (day):

Case Singular Plural
Nominative дахс дагес
Vocative дах дагес
Accusative дах дагенс
Dative даге дагем
Genitive дагес даге

N-Stem Nouns

N-stems are inherited from Proto-Germanic an-, ōn- and in-stem nouns. They can be any gender. Example of an n-stem noun, мѥне (moon):

Case Singular Plural
Nominative/
Vocative/
Accusative 		мѥне мѥненс
Dative мѥнен мѥнем
Genitive мѥненс мѥнене
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