|
Tag: Redirect target changed |
| (575 intermediate revisions by 3 users not shown) |
| Line 1: |
Line 1: |
| '''Judeo-Chinese''' is a descendant of [[w:Middle Chinese|Middle Chinese]] adopted by Chinese Jews, written in a version of the Hebrew alphabet and incorporating Hebrew loans. Like other Chinese varieties, it is a tonal language and is unintelligible to speakers of other Chinese lects.
| | #redirect [[Verse:Irta/Judeo-Mandarin]] |
| | |
| It is aesthetically inspired by Icelandic and Sami.
| |
| | |
| ==Phonology==
| |
| ===Initials===
| |
| tsy tshy dzy ny sy zy > ti thi di ngi si zi
| |
| | |
| p merges into b
| |
| | |
| tr trh dr nr tsr tshr sr zr > q qh ʀ ʀ χ χ ʃ w
| |
| | |
| {|class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center"
| |
| |-
| |
| |+'''Consonant phonemes'''
| |
| !rowspan="2" colspan="2"|
| |
| !colspan="2" | Labial
| |
| !colspan="2" | Dental
| |
| !colspan="2" | Velar
| |
| !rowspan="2" | Laryngeal
| |
| |-
| |
| ! <small>broad</small>
| |
| ! <small>slender</small>
| |
| ! <small>broad</small>
| |
| ! <small>slender</small>
| |
| ! <small>slender</small>
| |
| ! <small>broad</small>
| |
| |-
| |
| !colspan="2" | Nasal
| |
| | {{IPA|mˠ}} || {{IPA|mʲ}}
| |
| | {{IPA|n̪ˠ}} || {{IPA|nʲ}}
| |
| | {{IPA|ŋʲ}} || {{IPA|ŋ}}
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| !rowspan="3" | Stop
| |
| !<small>plain</small>
| |
| | ||
| |
| | {{IPA|t̪ˠ}} || {{IPA|tʲ}}
| |
| | {{IPA|kʲ}} || {{IPA|k}}
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| !<small>aspirated</small>
| |
| | {{IPA|pˠʰ}} || {{IPA|pʲʰ}}
| |
| | {{IPA|t̪ˠʰ}} || {{IPA|tʲʰ}}
| |
| | {{IPA|kʲʰ}} || {{IPA|kʰ}}
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| !<small>voiced</small>
| |
| | {{IPA|bˠ}} || {{IPA|bʲ}}
| |
| | {{IPA|d̪ˠ}} || {{IPA|dʲ}}
| |
| | {{IPA|gʲ}} || {{IPA|g}}
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| !rowspan="2" | Affricate
| |
| !<small>plain</small>
| |
| | ||
| |
| | {{IPA|t̪sˠ}} || {{IPA|tsʲ}}
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| !<small>aspirated</small>
| |
| | ||
| |
| | {{IPA|t̪sˠʰ}} || {{IPA|tsʲʰ}}
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| !rowspan="2"|Fricative
| |
| !<small>voiceless</small>
| |
| | {{IPA|fˠ}} ||
| |
| | {{IPA|sˠ}} || {{IPA|sʲ}}
| |
| | {{IPA|xʲ}} || {{IPA|x}}
| |
| | {{IPA|h}}
| |
| |-
| |
| !<small>voiced</small>
| |
| | {{IPA|vˠ}} ||
| |
| | {{IPA|zˠ}} || {{IPA|zʲ}}
| |
| | ||
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| !colspan=2| Approximant
| |
| | w ||
| |
| | {{IPA|l̪ˠ}} || {{IPA|lʲ}}
| |
| | {{IPA|j}} ||
| |
| |
| |
| |}
| |
| | |
| ===Rimes===
| |
| <poem>
| |
| In stressed syllables:
| |
| | |
| a, wa, ja, jwa > a, o, ia, io
| |
| ae, wae, jae > æ, a, iæ
| |
| u, jo, ju > u, ia, iu
| |
| oj, ajH > aj
| |
| woj, wajH > oj
| |
| eaj, aejH > æj
| |
| weaj, waejH > aj
| |
| | |
| jejH, jiejH, jwejH, jwiejH might have the same outcome as je, jie, jwe, jwie
| |
| those finals with -ji- are called chongniu finals
| |
| i could merge jiej completely with jej like mandarin does
| |
| or they could be different
| |
| i'll treat jiej like jij and jwiej like jwij
| |
| | |
| je(j), jwe(j) > ie, iə
| |
| joj, jwoj > ioj, iəj
| |
| ij, jij, wij, jwij > y, i, uj, iuj
| |
| i > y
| |
| j+j, jw+j > i, iuj
| |
| aw, aew, jew, jiew, ew, uw, juw, jiw > aw, aw, iaw, iew, ew, u, iu, iew
| |
| om, am, eam, aem, jem, jiem, jaem, jom, em, im, jim > um, om, am, am, iem, im, iam, iom, ium, em, im, jim
| |
| an, wan, aen, waen, ean, wean > an, on, æn, an, en, ən
| |
| jen, jwen, jon, jwon > ien, iən, ion, iun
| |
| en, wen, on, won > en, ən, on, un
| |
| in, jin, win, jwin, j+n, jun > in, yn, un, iun, in, iun
| |
| ak, wak, jak, jwak > ak, ok, iak, iok
| |
| aewk > auk
| |
| ok, wok, ik, wik > ok, uk, ik, uk
| |
| aek, waek, eak, waek > æk, ak, æk, ak
| |
| jaek, jwaek > iæk, iak
| |
| jek jwek ek wek > iek iək ek ək
| |
| uwk owk juwk jowk > uk ok iuk iok
| |
| </poem>
| |
| | |
| ===Tonality===
| |
| level = 45, H = 13, X = 53
| |
| | |
| Tone is realized on the stressed syllable.
| |
| | |
| ==Sample texts==
| |
| ===UDHR, Article 1===
| |
| (Not sure how to handle recent borrowings from Mandarin)
| |
| | |
| :{{Heb|עִ֣׳ין־עִ֣׳ין ז֣׳וֹע שַ֣עלִי זִ֔ייִו, כָבֿ֔וֹד יַא זְכֿ֔וּת קָ֣ן אִ֣ילִּיט בַ֣׳נטְע. בִ֝יבִי ג֔׳וּיִו לִ֝יסְ׳ע יַ֝א לָ֣׳עסִים, עִ֣׳י אִ֣יעטָע י֔וֹע חָ֣׳נדֵ֝י־קָ֣נגְֿי קָא צֵ֣׳עזִ׳ין גֿ֣וּסָ׳ע טְיד֝וֹי.}}
| |
| :'''''Ngîn-ngîn ziông shæ̂nglə zìjə, khavòt jǽ zəxùt kân ŷllət biæ̂ntəng. Bíbi giùjə lýsiəng jǽ liângsəm, ngî ŷntəng jóng xiândə-kânhə ka tsiêngziən hûsiəng tôidə.'''''
| |
| :Etymological gloss: 人人 從 生來 自由, כבוד 也 זכות 關 一律 平等。 彼彼 具有 理性 也 良心, 而 應當 用 兄弟 關係 個 精神 互相 對待。
| |
| :''All humans are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood.''
| |
| | |
| [[Category:Sinitic languages]][[Category:Jewish languages]][[Category:Lõis]]
| |