Verse:Mwail/Qocwane: Difference between revisions

From Linguifex
Jump to navigation Jump to search
← Older edit
IlL (talk | contribs)
Bots
143,283 edits
mNo edit summary
IlL (talk | contribs)
Bots
143,283 edits
 
(190 intermediate revisions by the same user not shown)
Line 1: Line 1:
{{list subpages}}
'''Qocwane''' (''Qocwanet vŷŷxxŷcê'') is the official language of Qocwane, located in our timeline's Hungary. It is inspired by Finnish, Wakashan languages, Salishan languages, and Nuosu.
'''Ciêng''' (''nă rhòb Ciểng'') is a classical language of [[Verse:Méich Bhaonnáiqh]].


Inspirations: Vietnamese, Old Irish, Tiberian Hebrew, Maltese (and Hmong?)
== Phonology ==
== Phonology ==
p t c k kħ q = /p t k q {{qeth}} ʔ/; ph th ch kh ħ = /f θ x χ ħ/
=== Suprasegmentals ===
Qocwane prosody is almost the same as Finnish; stress always falls on the first syllable.
=== Consonants ===
* /m n l ʋ j w/ '''m n l v j w'''
* /p t ts tɬ k kʷ ʔ/ '''p t z x c cw q'''
* /f s ɬ x xʷ h/ '''f s ł ç çw h'''
/k x/ palatalize in words with ATR harmony and may uvularize in words with RTR harmony.


m n ng; mh nh ngh = /m n ŋ; v{{nas}} (lenis n) (lenis ŋ)/
'''mm nn ll vv jj ww pp tt zz xx cc ccw qq''' are the only allowed geminates in native words.


x s h = /ɬ ʃ h/
=== Vowels ===
Qocwane has 8 vowel qualities, all with vowel length.
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center"
!rowspan=2 colspan=2|
! scope="col" rowspan=2 | Front
! scope="col" colspan=2 | Non-front
|-
! scope="col" | <small>unrounded</small>
! scope="col" | <small>rounded</small>
|-
! scope="row" rowspan=2 | Syllabic<br />consonant
! scope="row" | <small>loose</small>
|
| z̩ '''ŷ'''
|
|-
! scope="row" | <small>tight</small>
|
| z̠̩ '''y'''
|
|-
! scope="row" | Close
! scope="row" | <small>loose</small>
| i{{lowered}} '''ê'''
| ə{{adv}} '''â'''
| u{{lowered}} '''ô'''
|-
! Open-mid
! rowspan="2" |<small>tight</small>
| ɛ '''e'''
|
| ɔ '''o'''
|-
! scope="row" | Open
|
| ɑ '''a'''
|
|}


b ƀ đ d y g ǥ għ = /v (bilabial l) ɮ ð y ɣ ʟ ayin/
Qocwane has loose/tight vowel harmony:
* loose: '''ŷ ŵ ê â ô'''
* tight: '''y w e a o'''


r l /r l/
Diphthongs: '''ea êâ oa ôâ ae âê ao âô'''


i ê e a o ô u = /i e ɛ a ɔ o u/; ă = shva na; ĕ = ultrashort e; ie uo
'''â(â)''' /ə(:)/ is realized as [œ(:)] when stressed.


Ultrashort vowels cannot carry independent tones
''oa'' is often realized as [ɔ:]


tones: mid high low rising nga nang
<!--The syllabic consonants y(r) u(r) are essentially the usual Sinological vowels ɿ ʮ, so ⟨y⟩ can be identified with the vowel of the Mandarin 四 sì "four", but they have diverse realizations. Y(r) completely assimilates to a preceding coronal except in voice, e.g. /ɕz̩˨˩/ [ɕʑ̩˨˩] ꑮ xyp "to marry", and is [m͡l̩] after a labial nasal, e.g. /m̥z̩˧sz̩˧/ [m̥m͡l̩˧sɹ̩˧] ꂪꌦ hmy sy "cloth". U(r) assimilates similarly after laterals, retaining its rounding, e.g. /l̥v̩ʷ˧/ [l̥l̩ʷ˧] ꆭ hlu "to stir-fry", and is [m̩ʷ] after a labial nasal, e.g. /m̥v̩ʷ˧/ [m̥m̩ʷ˧] ꂥ hmu "mushroom"; moreover it induces a labially trilled release of preceding labial or alveolar stops, e.g. /ⁿdv̩ʷ˨˩/ [ⁿdʙβ̩˨˩] ꅥ ndup "to hit". -->


has lenition, lateralization and h-prothesis~aspiration mutations
== Morphophonology ==
=== Mutations ===
Qocwane words participate in consonant gradation:
# Lenition: m n ng p t c k kħ s v l r -> mh ng ngh b d y g għ h 0 l r
# Lateralization: m n ng p t c k kħ s v l r -> ƀ l ng ƀ đ ǥ ǥ għ x l l r
# Aspiration: m n ng p t c k kħ s v l r -> m n ng ph th ch kh ħ s ph x rh


== Proto-language ==
strong -> weak
5 vowels: i e a o u, each syllable had high and low tones
* geminates -> nongeminates
* p -> f
* f -> v
* t -> ł
* ł -> l
* z -> s
* s -> h
* x -> ł
* c -> ç
* cw -> çw
* ç -> j
* çw -> w
* q -> 0


allowed syllables: CV, CVn, CVs, CVl (CVnC becomes CV(sokuon)C as in Hebrew)
== Grammar ==
Finnic-like
=== Nouns ===
8 to 10 cases, normal nom-acc alignment


Todo: Stress patterns for construct nouns and dependent verbs
TODO
[weak grade]-l = nom pl
[weak grade]-t = gen sg


Consonants: m n ŋ p t c k q 2 s w l r y /m n ŋ p t k q{{adv}} q{{ret}} ʔ ʃ w l r j/


== Morphology ==
naaqe 'human’, naaet 'human-GEN’, naael 'human-PL'
Old Irish-style independent-dependent verbal allomorphy, which includes tone changes (the proto-stage had level tones and was predominantly CV, with geminates, nC and sC clusters. tones in reduced syllables leave a mark on the stressed syllable, making tones more complex)
 
nouns have unpredictable allomorphs as well, worse than TibH construct state (absolute~construct since easy to justify with stress)

Latest revision as of 10:41, 24 June 2025

Qocwane (Qocwanet vŷŷxxŷcê) is the official language of Qocwane, located in our timeline's Hungary. It is inspired by Finnish, Wakashan languages, Salishan languages, and Nuosu.

Phonology

Suprasegmentals

Qocwane prosody is almost the same as Finnish; stress always falls on the first syllable.

Consonants

  • /m n l ʋ j w/ m n l v j w
  • /p t ts tɬ k kʷ ʔ/ p t z x c cw q
  • /f s ɬ x xʷ h/ f s ł ç çw h

/k x/ palatalize in words with ATR harmony and may uvularize in words with RTR harmony.

mm nn ll vv jj ww pp tt zz xx cc ccw qq are the only allowed geminates in native words.

Vowels

Qocwane has 8 vowel qualities, all with vowel length.

Front Non-front
unrounded rounded
Syllabic
consonant 		loose z̩ ŷ
tight z̠̩ y
Close loose i̞ ê ə̟ â u̞ ô
Open-mid tight ɛ e ɔ o
Open ɑ a

Qocwane has loose/tight vowel harmony:

  • loose: ŷ ŵ ê â ô
  • tight: y w e a o

Diphthongs: ea êâ oa ôâ ae âê ao âô

â(â) /ə(:)/ is realized as [œ(:)] when stressed.

oa is often realized as [ɔ:]


Morphophonology

Qocwane words participate in consonant gradation:

strong -> weak

  • geminates -> nongeminates
  • p -> f
  • f -> v
  • t -> ł
  • ł -> l
  • z -> s
  • s -> h
  • x -> ł
  • c -> ç
  • cw -> çw
  • ç -> j
  • çw -> w
  • q -> 0

Grammar

Finnic-like

Nouns

8 to 10 cases, normal nom-acc alignment

TODO [weak grade]-l = nom pl [weak grade]-t = gen sg


naaqe 'human’, naaet 'human-GEN’, naael 'human-PL'

Retrieved from "https://linguifex.com/w/index.php?title=Verse:Mwail/Qocwane&oldid=459146"