Verse:Irta (Old)/Judeo-Mandarin: Difference between revisions

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==Phonology==
'''Judeo-Mandarin''' is a descendant of Old Mandarin, spoken by most Chinese Jews in Irta.
===Orthography===
k - כ/ק (kaph/qoph)
kh - כֿ/ח (kaph with rafe/ħeth)
g - ג (gimel)
gh - גֿ (gimel with rafe)
ṅ - נ/ע (nun/ayin)
c - צ (tzade)
ch - צֿ (tzade w/ rafe)
j- ג׳ (gimel with geresh)
jh - גֿ׳/ז (gimel with geresh and rafe/zayin)
ṭ - ת (taw)
ṭh - תֿ (taw with rafe)
ḍ - ד (daleth)
ḍh - דֿ (daleth with rafe)
t - ט (ṭeth)
th - טֿ (ṭeth with rafe)
d - ד׳ (daleth w/ geresh)
dh - דֿ׳ (daeth w/ geresh and rafe)
n - נ (nun)
p - פ (pe)
ph - פֿ (pe w/ rafe)
b - ב (beth)
bh - בֿ (beth w/ rafe)
m - מ (mem)
y - י (yodh)
r - ר (resh)
l - ל (lamedh)
v - ו (vav)
sh - שׁ (shin)
s - ס/שֹ (samekh/sin)
h - ה (he)
(null) - א (aleph)
Geminate consonants are marked with a dagesh.
vowels (fully vocalized - not fully vocalized)
a - אַ (pataħ - segol sounds like pataħ) - not marked
ā/au (both pronounced [ɒː]) - אׇ/אָו (qamatz/qamatz with vav) - mater lectionis is aleph or vav
i - אִי (hiriq with yodh) - mater lectionis is yodh
ī - אִיי (hiriq with double yodh) - mater lectionis is double yud
u - אֻו (qubbutz with vav) - mater lectionis is single vav
ū - אוּו (shuruk with double vav) - mater lectionis is double vav
ē - אֵי (tzere with yud) - mater lectionis is yud
ō - אוֹ (ħolam with vav) - mater lectionis is vav
ai - אֶי (segol with yud) - mater lection isis yud
Nasalization is marked with a nun-rafe following the vowel (e.g. מנושיוןֿ - mnushyõ)
===Consonants===


 
Note: As a Gentile Korean speaker I believe I'm ''somewhat'' more qualified to sketch this than to sketch a hypothetical Judeo-Celtic language. I'll just sketch the sound changes here, without venturing into creating the Jewish-specific vocabulary.
{|class="wikitable" style=text-align:center
|+ Judeo-Indic consonants
|-
! colspan="2" |
! Labial
! Dental
! Alveolar
! Retroflex
! Palatal
! Velar
! Pharyngeal
! Glottal
|-
! colspan=2| Nasal
| m
| n
|
|
|
| ŋ
|
|
|-
! rowspan=4| Plosive/Affricate
! <small>voiceless</small>
| p
| t̪
| ts
| ʈ
|
| k
|
|
|-
! <small>voiceless aspirated</small>
| pʰ
| t̪ʰ
| tsʰ
| ʈʰ
|
| kʰ
|
|
|-
! <small>voiced</small>
| b
| d̪
| dz
| ɖ
|
| ɡ
|
|
|-
! <small>breathy voiced</small>
| bʱ
| d̪ʱ
| dzʱ
| ɖʱ
|
| ɡʱ
|
|
|-
! rowspan=2| Fricative
! <small>voiceless</small>
| (f)
|
| s
|
| ʃ
| (x)
|
|
|-
! <small>voiced</small>
|
|
| (z)
|
|
| (ɣ)
| (ʕ)
| ɦ
|-
! colspan=2| Flap
|
|
| ɾ
|
|
|
|
|
|-
! colspan=2| Approximant
| ʋ
| l
|
|
| j
|
|
|
|}
 
===Vowels===
 
==Grammar==
[[Category:Judeo-Indic]][[Category:Indo-Aryan languages]][[Category:Indo-Iranian languages]][[Category:Indo-European languages]][[Category:A posteriori]]

Latest revision as of 19:27, 27 April 2026

Judeo-Mandarin is a descendant of Old Mandarin, spoken by most Chinese Jews in Irta.

Note: As a Gentile Korean speaker I believe I'm somewhat more qualified to sketch this than to sketch a hypothetical Judeo-Celtic language. I'll just sketch the sound changes here, without venturing into creating the Jewish-specific vocabulary.

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