Gwapyeo: Difference between revisions
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Modern Gwapyeo is written using the '''pinghyeo''' (<small>Gwapyeo pinghyeo</small>: 핑혀) alphabet, which is a derivative of the modern [[w:Hangul|Hangul]] system used for Korean. A romanization system is sometimes used alongside pinghyeo, especially in learning material, but also in old texts, from a time when pinghyeo was not yet as standardised as it is now. | Modern Gwapyeo is written using the '''pinghyeo''' (<small>Gwapyeo pinghyeo</small>: 핑혀) alphabet, which is a derivative of the modern [[w:Hangul|Hangul]] system used for Korean. A romanization system is sometimes used alongside pinghyeo, especially in learning material, but also in old texts, from a time when pinghyeo was not yet as standardised as it is now. | ||
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==History== | ==History== | ||
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* Old Gwapyeo (과펴·란; Gwapyeo Ran, 6th–11th century), the earliest attested stage of the language. Very little is known about it, but the consensus is to say it was the language in which very important authors like '''Wangsyo''' (왕쇼) and '''Hapyeo''' (핲여) wrote. | * Old Gwapyeo (과펴·란; Gwapyeo Ran, 6th–11th century), the earliest attested stage of the language. Very little is known about it, but the consensus is to say it was the language in which very important authors like '''Wangsyo''' (왕쇼) and '''Hapyeo''' (핲여) wrote. | ||
* Middle Gwapyeo (과펴·솅; Gwapyeo Syeng, 11th-17th century) was the language of the '''Monghwa''' religion. Thanks to the great extent of text written in this language, linguists have acquired a far more thorough knowledge of how Middle Gwapyeo worked and sounded. | * Middle Gwapyeo (과펴·솅; Gwapyeo Syeng, 11th-17th century) was the language of the '''Monghwa''' religion. Thanks to the great extent of text written in this language, linguists have acquired a far more thorough knowledge of how Middle Gwapyeo worked and sounded. | ||
* Modern Gwapyeo (과펴·뭍; Gwapyeo Mut, from the end of the 17th century) is the modern language, much more influenced by neighbouring languages than its | * Modern Gwapyeo (과펴·뭍; Gwapyeo Mut, from the end of the 17th century) is the modern language, much more influenced by neighbouring languages than its earlier stages were. | ||
==Phonology== | |||
Latest revision as of 15:56, 27 February 2026
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| Gwapyeo | |
|---|---|
| Gwapyuran | |
| 과펴 (Gwapyeo) | |
| Pronunciation | [kwa.pʰjʌ] |
| Created by | Koyeniru |
| Native to | Gwacho |
| Native speakers | 10 million (2014-2018) |
Toiran
| |
Early forms | Old Gwapyeo
|
Gwapyeo (Gwapyeo pinghyeo: 과펴), also sometimes referred to by the exonym Gwapyuran, is a Toiran language spoken by about 10 million people, mostly in Gwacho (Gwapyeo pinghyeo: 과초). Gwapyeo has had a lot of influence on neighbouring languages, primarily thanks to its liturgical nature, being the language in which the sacred texts of the Monghwa (Gwapyeo pinghyeo: 몽화) religion were written more than 600 years ago. Similarly, modern Gwapyeo has also borrowed some words from neighbouring languages, mostly from Daichan (Gwapyeo: 댜챃 (Dyachā)), the most spoken language on the Ramija (Gwapyeo: 라미작 (Ramijak)) continent.
Modern Gwapyeo is written using the pinghyeo (Gwapyeo pinghyeo: 핑혀) alphabet, which is a derivative of the modern Hangul system used for Korean. A romanization system is sometimes used alongside pinghyeo, especially in learning material, but also in old texts, from a time when pinghyeo was not yet as standardised as it is now.
History
The traditional periodization of Gwapyeo distinguishes:
- Old Gwapyeo (과펴·란; Gwapyeo Ran, 6th–11th century), the earliest attested stage of the language. Very little is known about it, but the consensus is to say it was the language in which very important authors like Wangsyo (왕쇼) and Hapyeo (핲여) wrote.
- Middle Gwapyeo (과펴·솅; Gwapyeo Syeng, 11th-17th century) was the language of the Monghwa religion. Thanks to the great extent of text written in this language, linguists have acquired a far more thorough knowledge of how Middle Gwapyeo worked and sounded.
- Modern Gwapyeo (과펴·뭍; Gwapyeo Mut, from the end of the 17th century) is the modern language, much more influenced by neighbouring languages than its earlier stages were.