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Created page with "==Accents== ===The "Sephardi-Estuary-Ashkenazi" continuum=== The Lõisian standard English accent belongs in a continuum of accents, with a quasi-Sephardi Hebrew accent on one..." |
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|- | |- | ||
! TRAP | ! TRAP | ||
| a~ɑ || æ || a || a | | a~ɑ || æ || a || a | ||
|- | |- | ||
! BATH (the BATH lexical set is same as RP) | ! BATH (the BATH lexical set is same as RP) | ||
| a~ɑ || eə || aː~æ: || a | | a~ɑ || eə || aː~æ: || a | ||
|- | |- | ||
! LOT | ! LOT | ||
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|- | |- | ||
! FLEECE | ! FLEECE | ||
| iː || iʝ + reinforcement before C; ɪj otherwise || ɪj~iː || iː | | iː || iʝ + reinforcement before C; ɪj otherwise || ɪj~iː || iː | ||
|- | |- | ||
! FACE | ! FACE | ||
| eː~eɪ || ɪj + reinforcement before C; ɛɪ otherwise || ɛɪ || eɪ | | eː~eɪ || ɪj + reinforcement before C; ɛɪ otherwise || ɛɪ || eɪ | ||
|- | |- | ||
! PRICE | ! PRICE | ||
| aɪ || əɪ~ʌɪ + reinforcement before C; ɑɪ~ɒɪ otherwise || ɑɪ || aɪ | | aɪ || əɪ~ʌɪ + reinforcement before C; ɑɪ~ɒɪ otherwise || ɑɪ || aɪ | ||
|- | |- | ||
! CHOICE | ! CHOICE | ||
| oɪ || oɪ~ʊɪ + reinforcement before C; oɪ otherwise || oɪ || ɔɪ~oɪ | | oɪ || oɪ~ʊɪ + reinforcement before C; oɪ otherwise || oɪ || ɔɪ~oɪ | ||
|- | |- | ||
! MOUTH | ! MOUTH | ||
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|- | |- | ||
! GOAT | ! GOAT | ||
| oː~oʊ || əʊ~ə̟ʊ~eʊ, oʊ before [ɫ] || ə̟ʊ~əʊ~əʏ~ʌʏ, ɔʊ~ɒʊ before [ɫ]|| ɔɪ~oɪ | | oː~oʊ || əʊ~ə̟ʊ~eʊ, oʊ before [ɫ] || ə̟ʊ~əʊ~əʏ~ʌʏ, ɔʊ~ɒʊ before [ɫ]|| ɔɪ~oɪ | ||
|- | |- | ||
! GOOSE | ! GOOSE | ||
| uː || üw~yː, uː before [ɫ] || üː, uː before [ɫ] || uː | | uː || üw~yː, uː before [ɫ] || üː, uː before [ɫ] || uː | ||
|- | |- | ||
! PALM | ! PALM | ||
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|- | |- | ||
! THOUGHT | ! THOUGHT | ||
| ɑː || oə(ɹ)~ʊə(ɹ) || oː || ɔː | | ɑː || oə(ɹ)~ʊə(ɹ) || oː || ɔː | ||
|- | |- | ||
! NEAR | ! NEAR | ||
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|- | |- | ||
! Aspiration of voiceless stops and t/d-tapping | ! Aspiration of voiceless stops and t/d-tapping | ||
| As in AmE || As in AmE || | | As in AmE || As in AmE || Never || Never | ||
|} | |} | ||
Revision as of 16:33, 9 March 2020
Accents
The "Sephardi-Estuary-Ashkenazi" continuum
The Lõisian standard English accent belongs in a continuum of accents, with a quasi-Sephardi Hebrew accent on one end and a quasi-Ashkenazi Hebrew accent on the other end. However, it's been influenced significantly by the nearby Philadelphian accent (spoken in the ancient city of Philadelphia).
Overview
| Vowels | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Feature | Western ("Sephardi") | L-Philadelphian | L-Standard | Eastern ("Ashkenazi") |
| KIT | ɪ | ɪ~ɪ̈ | ɪ~ɪ̈ | i |
| DRESS | ɛ | ɛ | ɛ | e |
| TRAP | a~ɑ | æ | a | a |
| BATH (the BATH lexical set is same as RP) | a~ɑ | eə | aː~æ: | a |
| LOT | ɔ | ɑ~ä | ɔ~ɒ | o |
| STRUT | ʊ | ʌ~ɤ | ɜ̟~ɐ | ɜ |
| FOOT | ʊ | ʊ | ʊ̈~ɘ | u |
| FLEECE | iː | iʝ + reinforcement before C; ɪj otherwise | ɪj~iː | iː |
| FACE | eː~eɪ | ɪj + reinforcement before C; ɛɪ otherwise | ɛɪ | eɪ |
| PRICE | aɪ | əɪ~ʌɪ + reinforcement before C; ɑɪ~ɒɪ otherwise | ɑɪ | aɪ |
| CHOICE | oɪ | oɪ~ʊɪ + reinforcement before C; oɪ otherwise | oɪ | ɔɪ~oɪ |
| MOUTH | aʊ | æʊ~ɛɔ | æʊ | aʊ |
| GOAT | oː~oʊ | əʊ~ə̟ʊ~eʊ, oʊ before [ɫ] | ə̟ʊ~əʊ~əʏ~ʌʏ, ɔʊ~ɒʊ before [ɫ] | ɔɪ~oɪ |
| GOOSE | uː | üw~yː, uː before [ɫ] | üː, uː before [ɫ] | uː |
| PALM | ɑː | ɑ~ä | ɑː | aː |
| THOUGHT | ɑː | oə(ɹ)~ʊə(ɹ) | oː | ɔː |
| NEAR | iːɹ | iə(ɹ) | iɚ | iʀ |
| SQUARE | eːɹ | eə(ɹ) | ɛɚ | eʀ |
| NURSE | əːɹ | əː(ɹ) | ɚː | əʀ |
| START | ɑːɹ | ɒː(ɹ) | ɑɚ | aʀ |
| NORTH | ɑːɹ | oə(ɹ) | oɚ | oʀ |
| FORCE | oːɹ | oə(ɹ) | oɚ (oʊɚ~əʊɚ for Jewish speakers) | ɔɪʀ~oɪʀ |
| POOR | uːɹ | oə(ɹ) | uɚ | uʀ |
| CURE | juːɹ | joə(ɹ)~jə(ɹ) | juɚ~jɚː | juʀ |
| commA | ə | ə(ɹ) | ə | ə |
| lettER | əɹ | ə(ɹ) | ɚ | əʀ |
| happY | i | iː~ɪj | iː~ɪj | i |
| Other phenomena | ||||
| Feature | Western | L-Philadelphian | L-Standard | Eastern |
| Rhoticity | Historical /r/ is always [ɹ] | Non-rhotic with intrusive R | Historical /r/ is always [ɹ] | Historical /r/ is always [ʀ] |
| Dark L | Always | Always, often vocalizing | Only when non-prevocalic | Never |
| /θ ð/ | Always [t̪ d̪] | Often [t̪ d̪] | [θ ð] | [s̠ d] |
| /w/ | [w] | [w] | [w] | [v] |
| Aspiration of voiceless stops and t/d-tapping | As in AmE | As in AmE | Never | Never |
Western accent
This is the "Western English" accent. When Hebrew is read in this accent, it sounds like Israeli Hebrew with an American accent. It still has some non-Sephardi features, e.g. tsere = FACE = [eɪ] is distinct from segol = DRESS = [ɛ].
The intonation is stereotypical American/Valley Girl.
L-Philadelphian
This accent is spoken in both the city of Alaşehir in Turkey (or as locals call it, "Flulfia"), and in Philadelphia, PA (called "New Philadelphia" in Lõis). It's basically a non-rhotic version of our Philly accent; r-intrusion is used, as in the New York accent.
A characteristic feature is reinforcement for certain vowels or diphthongs before consonants, which changes the pronunciation of the vowel:
- The nucleus is shortened.
- When the consonant is voiced, the offglide is lengthened: fame [fɪiːm]
- When the consonant is voiceless, the consonant is lengthened: face [fɪjsː]
/θ ð/ are commonly [t̪ d̪].
L-Standard English
Often called the "Newton accent". Also a standard for English Hebrew.
A kind of "Transatlantic accent", inspired by Californian + Philly + Modern RP/Estuary.
Vowels
- orange = [ɒɹɪndʒ~ɔɹɪndʒ]
- Mary [mɛəɹi] ≈ merry [mɛɹi] ≠ marry [maɹi]
- Mirror-nearer distinction
- Hurry-furry distinction
- No mergers before /l/
Consonants
- L is light [l] before vowels and dark [ɫ] otherwise, as in RP.
- wholly-holy split.
- No glottal reinforcement before stops.
- /p t k/ are unaspirated after stressed syllables as in AmE.
- /d t/ has a tapped [ɾ] allophone in similar environments as in American English.
- wine-whine merger optional.
- /r/ may be [ʋ] between vowels.
Eastern accent
When L-English Jews read Hebrew in this accent, it sounds almost exactly like the Ashkenazi accent. Source of "oy vey" (from oh woe /øɪ vøɪ/)
This is not a specifically Jewish accent, and not all L-English Jews (or even all Ultra-Orthodox Jews) speak it.
- /w/ = [v]
- /l/ is always light
- /r/ = [ʀ~ʁ]
- /s/ = Basque z
- /θ/ = Basque s
- /ð/ = [d]
- Stops are unaspirated
[o:l hju:mən bijənz əʀ boʀən fʀi: ən i:kwəl ɪn digniti ən ʀaɪts. dei əʀ ɪndaʊd wid ʀi:zən ən konʃəns ən ʃʏd akt toʀds won ənʏdəʀ ɪn ə spiʀit əv bʀʏdəχʏd]
Poylish
Traditionally spoken by the Azalic population of Poland. In a dialect continuum with Polish, a close sister language (which is not the same as our timeline's Polish since it's Azalic)