Verse:Mwail/Erno-Kawenic languages

Vertlandic (hə taŋʷas vərɬanak /hə ˈtaŋʷas vəɾˈɬanak~vəɾˈθanak/; from *berxtolandākā, lit. Brightlandic) is a Celtic language spoken in Vertland (vərɬan), located in Iberia and North Africa. It was an important vehicle for transmitting A-Arabic loans to English. It is inspired by Lushootseed and Welsh.

xʷilid = cat (from Latin)

vārəy ðax = good morning

tl > ɬ, CeCe- -> CəCi- (kenetlom → čədiɬ 'generation')

əyn, ðəw, trī, kʷətur, kʷiʔč, wəks, šəxt, uxt, daw, ðəč

bakʷ = son; hə makʷ = the son

bərk = daughter; hə mərk (no mut) = the daughter

Sdābt hə həysk viw id uðənč = The living fish swims in water

gemination → preglottalization

Chain shifts:

mm, mb > m > b > v

nn, nd > n > d > ð

ng > ŋ, g > x, gʷ > xʷ, w- > gʷ-, y- > dz-

e o > ə, ke ge → tʃə dʒə

vowels: i u ə a iː uː aː aj aw əj əw

Morphology

Nouns

nasal mutation of v > b > m and ð > d > n

Genders: common (no mut) and neuter (nasal mut)

Plural: -s, no gender distinction

hə (from *sindos) is hən before vowels

Verbs

verbs, present tense: sdābu, sdābs, sdābt, sdābənt, sdābəsxʷi, sdābəʔt 'I swim, ...'

verbs, past tense: get split-ergativity with past participle: sdābtəw, sdābtis, sdābtit, sdābtint, sdābtisxʷi, sdābtiʔt 'I swam, ...'

the 3rd person plural form without a subject is used with an impersonal meaning: dī sdābəʔt ids = you don't swim here

Verbs

• athematic verbs
• a-verbs (from PCel *-āti)
• i-verbs (from PCel *-yeti)