Verse:Mwail/Erno-Kawenic languages

Vertlandic (hə taŋʷas vərɬanak /hə ˈtaŋʷas vəɾˈɬanak~vəɾˈθanak/; from *berxtolandākā, lit. Brightlandic) is a Celtic language spoken in Vertland (vərɬan), located in Iberia and North Africa. It was an important vehicle for transmitting A-Arabic loans to English. It is inspired by Lushootseed and Welsh.

xʷilid = cat (from Latin)

vārəy ðax = good morning

tl > ɬ, CeCe- -> CəCi- (kenetlom → čədiɬ 'generation')

əyn, ðəw, trī, kʷətur, kʷiʔč, wəks, šəxt, uxt, daw, ðəč

bakʷ = son; hə makʷ = the son

bərk = daughter; hə mərk (no mut) = the daughter

Sdābt hə həysk viw id uðənč = The living fish swims in water

gemination → preglottalization

Chain shifts:

mm, mb > m > b > v

nn, nd > n > d > ð

ng > ŋ, g > x, gʷ > xʷ, w- > gʷ-, y- > dz-

e o > ə, ke ge → tʃə dʒə

vowels: i u ə a iː uː aː aj aw əj əw

Morphology

Nouns

nasal mutation of v > b > m and ð > d > n

Genders: common (no mut) and neuter (nasal mut)

Plural: -s, no gender distinction

hə (from *sindos) is hən before vowels

Verbs

verbs, present tense: sdābu, sdābs, sdābt, sdābəbs, sdābəsxʷi (1sg, 2sg, 3, 1pl, 2pl, imps)

verbs, past tense: get split-ergativity with past participle: sdābtəw, sdābtis, sdābtit, sdābtibs, sdābtīsxʷi, sdābtītər 'I swam, ...' (these forms agree with the subject but nouns take ergative marking with the ergative particle am from *ambi)

the old 3rd person singular is used with both singular and plural (plurality is marked on the subject)

Conjugation classes:

• verbs from o/e verbs: more irregularities here
• a-verbs (from PCel *-āti)
  • māraw, māras, mārat, mārabs, mārāsxʷi, mārātər
• i-verbs (from PCel *-yeti, *-īti)
  • -əw, -is, -it, -ibs, -īsxʷi, -ītər