Ilithian/Prakrit: Difference between revisions
< Ilithian
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m →o-stems |
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! | ! | ||
! colspan= | ! colspan=2| ''vrk'' (m.) = wolf | ||
! colspan= | ! colspan=2| ''loušná'' (f.) = moon, month | ||
! colspan= | ! colspan=2| ''oušta'' (n.) = mouth | ||
|- | |- | ||
! | ! | ||
!singular | !singular | ||
!plural | !plural | ||
!singular | !singular | ||
!plural | !plural | ||
!singular | !singular | ||
!plural | !plural | ||
|- | |- | ||
|align="right"|'''Nominative''' | |align="right"|'''Nominative''' | ||
|''vrk''||'' | |''vrk''||''vrký'' | ||
|''loušná | |''loušná''||''loušnaḥ'' | ||
|''oušta | |''oušta'' || ''ouštá'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
|align="right"|'''Genitive''' | |align="right"|'''Genitive''' | ||
|''vrkaš | |''vrkaš'' ||''vrkou'' | ||
|''loušnaḥ | |''loušnaḥ'' ||''loušnou'' | ||
|''ouštaš | |''ouštaš'' ||''ouštou'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
|align="right" |'''Dative''' | |align="right" |'''Dative''' | ||
|''vrkej'' | |''vrkej'' ||''vrkabh'' | ||
|'' | |''loušnej'' ||''loušnábh'' | ||
|''ouštej | |''ouštej'' ||''ouštabh'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
|align="right"|'''Accusative''' | |align="right"|'''Accusative''' | ||
|''vrka | |''vrka'' ||''vrkouḥ'' | ||
|''loušnou | |''loušnou'' ||''loušnaḥ'' | ||
|''oušta | |''oušta'' ||''ouštá'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
|align="right"|'''Ablative''' | |align="right"|'''Ablative''' | ||
|''vrkáḥ | |''vrkáḥ'' ||''vrkabh'' | ||
|''loušnáḥ | |''loušnáḥ'' ||''loušnábh'' | ||
|''ouštáḥ | |''ouštáḥ'' ||''ouštabh'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
|align="right"|'''Instrumental''' | |align="right"|'''Instrumental''' | ||
|'' | |''vrcí'' ||''vrkýḥ'' | ||
|'' | |''loušnejá'' ||''loušnábhi'' | ||
|'' | |''ouští'' ||''ouštýḥ'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
|align="right" |'''Locative''' | |align="right" |'''Locative''' | ||
|'' | |''vrký'' ||''vrkýš'' | ||
|'' | |''loušný'' ||''loušnáš'' | ||
|'' | |''ouštý'' ||''ouštýš'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
|align="right" |'''Vocative''' | |align="right" |'''Vocative''' | ||
|''vrče!'' | |''vrče!'' ||''vrké!'' | ||
|''loušna | |''loušna!'' ||''loušnáḥ!'' | ||
|''oušte!'' || '' | |''oušte!'' ||''ouštá!'' | ||
|} | |} | ||
Revision as of 20:25, 2 March 2021
Nouns
Czechmate nouns and adjectives are extremely conservative in that they retain all 8 PIE cases and the dual number (like Sanskrit). However, a lot of analogical leveling between noun paradigms has taken place.
o-stems
| vrk (m.) = wolf | loušná (f.) = moon, month | oušta (n.) = mouth | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| singular | plural | singular | plural | singular | plural | |
| Nominative | vrk | vrký | loušná | loušnaḥ | oušta | ouštá |
| Genitive | vrkaš | vrkou | loušnaḥ | loušnou | ouštaš | ouštou |
| Dative | vrkej | vrkabh | loušnej | loušnábh | ouštej | ouštabh |
| Accusative | vrka | vrkouḥ | loušnou | loušnaḥ | oušta | ouštá |
| Ablative | vrkáḥ | vrkabh | loušnáḥ | loušnábh | ouštáḥ | ouštabh |
| Instrumental | vrcí | vrkýḥ | loušnejá | loušnábhi | ouští | ouštýḥ |
| Locative | vrký | vrkýš | loušný | loušnáš | ouštý | ouštýš |
| Vocative | vrče! | vrké! | loušna! | loušnáḥ! | oušte! | ouštá! |
i-stems
| ageň (m.) = fire | mať (f.) = thought | mař (n.) = sea | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| singular | dual | plural | singular | dual | plural | singular | dual | plural | |
| Nominative | ageň | agňů | agňé | mať | maťé | maťaḥ | mař | mařé | maří |
| Genitive | agňéš | agňou | agňou | maťéḥ | maťou | maťou | mařéš | mařou | mařou |
| Dative | agňej | agňébha | agňebh | maťáj | maťébha | maťebh | mařej | mařébha | mařebh |
| Accusative | agni | agňů | agníḥ | mati | maťé | maťaḥ | mař | mařé | maří |
| Ablative | agňéḥ | agňébha | agňebh | maťéḥ | maťébha | maťebh | mařéḥ | mařébha | mařebh |
| Instrumental | agní | agňébha | agňéḥ | matijá | maťébha | maťábhi | maří | mařébha | mařéḥ |
| Locative | agňé | agňou | agníš | maťé | maťou | matíš | mařé | mařou | maříš |
| Vocative | agňe! | agňů! | agňé! | maťi! | maťé! | maťaḥ! | maře! | mařé! | maří! |
Feminines in -í
| patní (f.) = wife | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| singular | dual | plural | |
| Nominative | patní | patnijé | patníḥ |
| Genitive | patníḥ | patnijou | patnijou |
| Dative | patní | patníbha | patníbh |
| Accusative | patní | patnijé | patníḥ |
| Ablative | patníḥ | patníbha | patníbh |
| Instrumental | patnijá | patníbha | patníbhi |
| Locative | patnijé | patnijou | patníš |
| Vocative | patní! | patnijé! | patníḥ! |
u-stems
| výju (m.) = wind | žouštú (f.) = meat | medhu (n.) = honey | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| singular | dual | plural | singular | dual | plural | singular | dual | plural | |
| Nominative | výju | výjavů | výjavé | žouštú | žoustavé | žouštavaḥ | medhu | medhavé | medhú |
| Genitive | výjouš | výjavou | výjavou | žouštouḥ | žouštavou | žouštavou | medhouš | medhavou | medhavou |
| Dative | výjavej | výjubha | výjubh | žouštaváj | žouštubha | žouštubh | medhavej | medhubha | medhubh |
| Accusative | výjú | výjavů | výjúḥ | žouštú | žouštavé | žouštúḥ | medhu | medhavé | medhú |
| Ablative | výjouḥ | výjubha | výjubh | žouštouḥ | žouštubha | žouštubh | medhouḥ | medhubha | medhubh |
| Instrumental | výjú | výjubha | výjubhi | žouštujá | žouštubha | žouštubhi | medhú | medhubha | medhubhi |
| Locative | výjáu | výjavou | výjúš | žouštáu | žouštavou | žouštúš | medháu | medhavou | medhúš |
| Vocative | výjou! | výjavů! | výjavé! | žouštou! | žouštavé! | žoustavaḥ! | medhou! | medhavé! | medhú! |
n-stems
| žmů (m.) = human | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| singular | dual | plural | |
| Nominative | žmů | žmenů | žmené |
| Genitive | žmenaš | žmenou | žmenou |
| Dative | žmenej | žmenabha | žmenabh |
| Accusative | žmena | žmenů | žmenaḥ |
| Ablative | žmenáḥ | žmenabha | žmenabh |
| Instrumental | žmený | žmenabha | žmenéḥ |
| Locative | žmeni, žmené | žmenou | žmenaš |
| Vocative | žmů! | žmenů! | žmené! |
ma-stems
| vnama (n.) = name | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| singular | dual | plural | |
| Nominative | vnama | vnamené | vnamená |
| Genitive | vnamenaš | vnamenou | vnamenou |
| Dative | vnamenej | vnamenabha | vnamenabh |
| Accusative | vnama | vnamené | vnamená |
| Ablative | vnamenáḥ | vnamenabha | vnamenabh |
| Instrumental | vnamený | vnamenabha | vnamenéḥ |
| Locative | vnameni, vnamené | vnamenou | vnamenaš |
| Vocative | vnama! | vnamené! | vnamená! |
s-stems
nebh regularizes to nebhes
Other athematics
Other athematics usually become of the regular o-stems or the i-stems, depending on the final consonant. For example, vrýž 'king' (from *h₃rḗǵs) declines as a regular i-stem masculine noun.
-ýr nouns
TODO: Family members patýr, mátýr, bhrátýr, svesýr, sún, duhatýr
| patýr (m.) = father | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| singular | dual | plural | |
| Nominative | patýr | paterů | pateré |
| Genitive | patreš | patrou | patrou |
| Dative | patrej | patrbha | patrbh |
| Accusative | patra | paterů | patŕḥ |
| Ablative | patréḥ | patrbha | patrbh |
| Instrumental | patrý | patrbha | patrbhi |
| Locative | patři, patré | patrou | patrš |
| Vocative | patre! | paterů! | pateré! |